OF  THL 

U N I VERS  ITY 
Of  ILLl  NOIS 


92.0.0771 

35Z 


1 


> 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00gala_0 


THE 


BIOGRAPHICAL 

ENCYCLOPEDIA 


OHIO 

OF 

THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 


CINCINNATI  AND  PHILADELPHIA: 

GALAXY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 

1876. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  tlie  year  1876,  by 
CHARLES  ROBSON, 

In  tlie  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  I).  C. 


' ^ 


v 1 


/ 


I 


i 


O 

.O 


.V' 


%<''i 


T 


i 


Mm  w 


Enfe*  toy  H B Hdll.Jt  IfY 


T 


/ 


THE 


i 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ENCYCLOPEDIA 


OHIO. 


fHASE,  SALMON  PORTLAND,  late  Chief-Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
was  born  in  Cornish,  New  Hampshire,  January 
13th,  1808,  descending  from  an  ancestry  dis- 
tinguished in  civil  and  official  life  during  the 
colonial  career  of  this  nation.  In  1815,  when 
he  was  seven  years  old,  his  father  removed  to  Keene, 
where  two  years  after  he  died.  In  this  town  Salmon  was 
first  placed  under  instruction,  remaining  in-  the  common 
school  until  he  was  twelve,  when  he  was  sent  to  Worthing- 
ton, Ohio,  where  his  studies  were  supervised  by  an  uncle. 
Philander  Chase,  at  that  time  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of 
Ohio.  He  then  entered  Cincinnati  College,  of  which  that 
distinguished  churchman  had  become  President,  and  by 
application  and  the  display  of  an  unusually  bright  talent 
was  soon  promoted  to  the  sophomore  class.  After  residing 
in  Cincinnati  a year  he  returned  to  his  mother’s  home  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1824  became  a member  of  the 
junior  class  of  Dartmouth  College,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  1826,  being  then  in  his  eighteenth  year. 
In  the  ensuing  winter  he  established  a school  for  boys  in 
Washington,  and  among  his  pupils  were  the  sons  of  William 
Wirt,  Henry  Clay,  Samuel  L.  .Southard  and  other  men, 
eminent  as  lawyers  and  statesmen  at  that  time.  In  1829  he 
closed  the  school,  and  having  studied  law  while  teaching 
was  soon  after  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.  His  legal  preceptor  was  Mr.  Wirt,  and  under 
his  instruction  obtained  a thorough  knowledge  of  the 
science  of  law.  Early  in  1830  he  went  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  established  his  permanent  residence,  which  was, 
however,  often  interrupted  by  the  necessities  of  his  profes- 
sion and  by  his  elevation  to  office,  which  called  him  from 
that  city.  His  entrance  into  successful  professional  life  was 


hampered  by  many  embarrassments,  but  against  all  he 
struggled  manfully.  His  first  important  labor  was  the  prep- 
aration of  an  edition  of  the  “ Statutes  of  Ohio,”  with  an- 
notations, introducing  that  compilation  with  an  historical 
sketch  of  the  State.  This  work  appeared  in  three  volumes 
8vo,  and  was  so  generally  accepted  as  an  authority  on  the 
subject  that  it  superseded  all  other  editions,  and  established 
the  reputation  of  its  compiler  and  annotator  as  a man  of 
keen  research,  of  thorough  legal  training  and  of  fine 
literary  culture.  This  first  great  success,  after  so  many 
difficulties  had  beset  him,  was  the  augury  of  future  dis- 
tinction. It  dated  the  commencement  of  his  career  as  a 
successful  practitioner,  and  he  very  soon  secured  a valuable 
and  lucrative  patronage.  In  1834  he  became  Solicitor  of 
the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  in  Cincinnati,  and  within  a 
short  time  of  one  of  the  city  banks  also.  Three  years  after 
he  was  retained  to  defend  a colored  woman,  claimed  as  a 
fugitive  slave,  and  in  his  argument  in  her  behalf  he  con- 
tended that  Congress  had  no  authority  to  impose  any  duties 
or  confer  any  powers  in  fugitive  slave  cases  on  State  magis- 
trates, and  held  that  the  act  of  1793  relative  to  fugitives  from 
service  was  void,  because  unwarranted  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  This  argument  was  extensively  pub- 
lished, and  established  his  reputation  as  one  of  the  ablest 
constitutional  lawyers.  During  the  same  year  he  appeared 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  to  defend  James  G.  Birney, 
who  had  been  indicted  under  a State  law  for  harboring  a 
negro  slave,  and  distinctly  enunciated  in  his  argument  llie 
doctrine  “ that  slavery  was  local  and  dependent  on  State 
law  for  existence  and  continuance,”  and  insisted  that  “ the 
person  alleged  to  have  been  harbored,  having  lieen  brought 
within  the  territorial  limits  of  Ohio  by  the  individual  claim- 
ing her  as  master,  was  thenceforth  in  fact  and  by  right 

5 


6 


UlOGKAPIllCAL  ENCVCLOIP-EDIA. 


free.”  He  was  associated  with  the  lion.  William  II. 
Seward,  in  1846,  in  the  defence  of  Van  Zandt,  before  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  delivered  an  argu- 
ment, much  more  in  detail  than  the  other.s,  based  upon  the 
doctrine  to  which  he  had  so  often  given  eloquent  emphasis, 
that  under  the  act  of  1787  no  fugitive  from  service  could  be 
reclaimed  in  Ohio,  “ unless  there  had  been  an  escape  from 
one  of  the  original  States  : that  it  was  the  clear  under- 
standing of  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  that  slavery  was 
to  be  left  exclusively  to  the  disposal  of  the  several  States, 
without  sanction  or  support  from  the  national  government,” 
and  further  “ that  the  clause  in  the  Constitution  relative  to 
persons  held  in  service  was  one  of  compact  between  the 
States,  confeired  no  power  of  legislatibn  upon  Congress, 
and  was  never  understood  to  confer  any.”  Mr.  Chase’s 
|>ractice,  w'hich  embraced,  as  may  be  readily  inferred  from 
these  instances,  some  of  the  most  important  civil  actions 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  State  and  Federal  courts, 
had  up  to  the  year  1841  wholly  engrossed  his  attention,  and 
he  had  kept  aloof  from  politics  except  in  the  exercise  of  his 
right  of  citizenship.  He  had  been  an  independent  voter, 
sometimes  supporting  Democrats,  but  more  commonly 
Whigs.  He  had  acquired  an  abhorrence  of  the  institution 
of  slavery,  and  this  feeling  was  greatly  stimulated  by  his 
personal  contact  with  it  in  the  courts.  It  was  impossible 
for  one  of  his  energy  and  force  of  character  to  remain  a 
passive  witness  of  the  efforts  for  the  extension  of  slavery  in 
the  States.  He  gave  his  support  to  the  Whig  party  of  the 
North,  which  at  that  time  'seemed  more  favorable  to  an 
organized  resistance  to  the  growing  institution,  but  even  the 
doctrine  of  this  party  failed  to  satisfy  liim.  In  1S41,  there- 
fore, he  united  in  a call  for  a convention  of  those  opposed 
to  slavery  and  its  further  extension.  This  convention  was 
held  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  December  of  that  year,  and  it 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Liberty  party  of  Ohio, 
and  placed  in  the  field  a gubernatorial  candidate.  Mr. 
Chase  wrote  an  address  to  the  people,  defending  the  doc- 
trine and  purposes  of  the  new  political  organization.  The 
anti-slavery  element  in  other  sections  of  the  North  indorsed 
the  movertient,  and  in  1843  ^ national  convention  of  the 
Liberty  party  met  at  Butfalo,  New  York.  The  Committee 
on  Resolutions,  of  which  Mr.  Chase  w'as,  perhaps,  the  most 
distinguished  member,  had  referred  to  it  a resolution  which 
proposed  “ to  regard  and  treat  the  Third  Clause  of  the  Con- 
•stitution,  whenever  applied  to  the  case  of  a fugitive  slave, 
as  null  and  void,  and  consequently  as  forming  no  part  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  whenever  we  are 
called  upon  or  sworn  to  support  it.”  Mr.  Chase  opposed 
it,  and  it  was  negatived  in  the  committee,  but  its  author 
moved  its  adoption  in  the  body  of  the  convention,  and  this 
was  done.  In  June,  1845,  convention  of  the  southern 
and  western  Ljberty  people,  which  had  been  projected  by 
Mr.  Chase,  met  in  Cincinnati.  In  his  call  for  that  meeting 
he  said  that  it  was  designed  to  embrace  all  who  believe  that 
whatever  is  worth  preserving  in  republicanism  can  only  be 


maintained  by  uncompromising  war  against  the  usurpations 
of  the  slave  power,  and  are  therefore  resolved  to  “ use  all 
constitutional  and  honorable  means  to  effect  the  extinction 
of  slavery  within  their  respective  States,  and  its  reduction 
to  its  constitutional  limit  in  the  United  States.”  He  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions,  and 
in  an  address  to  the  people,  which  he  prepared,  he  gave  a 
history  of  slavery,  the  relative  positions  of  the  Democratic 
and  Whig  parties  towards  it,  and  declared  the  urgent  ne- 
cessity for  the  organization  of  a party  which  should  be 
wholly  and  heartily  committed  to  the  complete  denational- 
ization of  the  slave  power.  A second  national  Liberty 
convention  was  held  in  1847,  l^at  body  he  argued 

against  making  any  national  nomination  at  that  time,  since 
it  was  highly  probable  that  a more  general  anti-slavery 
sentiment  would  be  created  in  the  agitation  of  the  Wilmot 
Proviso,  the  action  of  Congress  and  that  of  the  two  other 
political  organizations.  In  the  following  year,  anticipating 
the  non-action  of  the  Whig  and  Democratic  parties  on  the 
question  of  slavery  extension,  he  issued  a call  for  a “ Free 
Territory”  State  Convention  at  Columbus,  and  obtained  for 
it  th'e  signatures  of  more  than  three  thousand  voters  of  all 
political  creeds.  This  meeting  was  both  large  and  enthu- 
siastic, and  resulted  in  the  holding  of  a national  convention 
at  Buffalo,  New  York,  in  August  of  the  same  year,  over 
W’hich  Mr.  Chase  presided.  The  standard-bearers  nomi- 
nated by  this  body  were  Hon.  Martin  Yan  Buren  for  Presi- 
dent, and  Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams  for  Vice-President. 
The  election  of  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio  W'as 
appointed  for  P'ebruary  22d,  1849,  ^ combination 

of  the  Democratic  members  of  the  Legislature,  w'ho  gave 
him  their  united  vote,  and  some  of  the  P’ree-Soil  members, 
W'ho  favored  their  views,  Mr.  Chase  was  elected  by  a hand- 
some majority.  It  should  be  remembered  that  the  Demo- 
cratic party  of  that  State  had  just  previously  declared  by- 
resolution  of  its  State  convention  that  slavery  was  an  evil. 
Mr.  Chase  sympathized  with  them  in  their  general  views 
of  State  policy,  and  supported  their  nominees  for  State 
offices;  giving  them  distinctly  to  understand,  how-ever,  that 
he  would  sever  his  connection  with  them  should  they,  in 
State  or  national  conventions,  abandon  their  anti-slavery 
position.  In  1852  this  point  was  reached,  in  his  opinion. 
At  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  the  Democratic  party  a 
platfonn  w'as  adopted  approving  the  compromise  acts  of 
1850  and  denouncing  the  further  discussion  of  the  slavery 
question.  Upon  this  platform  Mr.  Pierce  was  nominated 
for  the  Presidency.  The  party  in  Ohio  gave  in  their  ad- 
herence to  this  departure,  and  Mr.  Chase  withdrew.  He 
directly  urged  the  organization  of  an  Independent  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  drew  up  a declaration  of  principles,  which 
was  substantially  ratified  by  the  Pittsburgh  Convention  of 
the  Independent  Democracy  in  the  same  year.  With  this 
party  he  remained  identified  until  the  development  of  a 
new  and  powerful  organization,  indoctrinated  with  the 
principles  he  had  so  long  avowed,  and  which  was  one 


( 


:» 


■f5*‘ 


• ib‘  •■ 

. ' ♦ 

f 


i 

I'fc-  ‘ • 


y.<;.. 

• ^..u 


\ 

♦ M 


* 


/ 


Bom  February  26^  lOt  ‘F 
OrdaxJied  Priest  May  !fiZ6 
Cbasecrated  Bisiwv  OcAober  l?^}d32 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


7 


of  the  outgrowths  of  the  agitation  of  the  Nebraska  bill. 
In  March,  1850,  he  delivered  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate  an 
eloquent  and  convincing  argument  against  the  Compromise 
bill  originated  by  Henry  Clay  “ for  an  amicable  arrange- 
ment of  all  questions  in  controversy  between  the  Free  and 
the  Slave  States  growing  out  of  the  subject  of  slaveiy,”  and 
forcibly  reviewed  all  the  questions  which  were  involved  in 
it.  He  moved  an  amendment,  in  the  shape  of  a proviso 
against  the  introduction  of  slavery  in  the  Territories  to 
which  this  bill  applied.  This  amendment,  however,  was 
defeated  by  a vote  of  twenty-five  to  thirty.  With  the  same 
unfortunate  result  he  moved  an  amendment  to  the  Fugitive 
Slave  bill,  which  would  secure  a jury  trial  for  alleged 
fugitive  slaves ; and  another,  with  the  same  success,  ex- 
cluding from  its  operation  persons  escaping  from  States  to 
Territories,  and  vice  versa.  Early  in  1854,  upon  the  in- 
troduction of  a bill  for  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Com- 
promise, or  Nebraska-Kansas  bill,  he  published  an  appeal 
to  the  people  against  such  action,  and  on  February  3d,  in 
the  Senate,  made  an  elaborate  exposure  of  that  measure 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  opposition.  In  the  discussion 
which  ensued  he  took  a conspicuous  part,  and  did  not  per- 
mit its  passage  until  he  had  uttered  an  earnest  and  eloquent  , 
protest  against  it,  the  effect  of  which,  so  far  as  their  action 
speaks,  was  lost  on  the  majority  in  the  .Senate.  His  entire  1 
course  in  his  Senatorial  career  was  to  divorce  the  Federal 
government  from  all  connection  with  slavery,  to  secure  the 
rights  of  the  States  and  of  individuals,  and  to  promote 
economy  in  the  administration  of  the  finances  of  the  nation. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  to  urge  a liberal  support  on  the  part 
of  the  government  to  the  trans-continental  railway  project,  | 
between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  and  gave  no  small  share  | 
of  his  attention  to  rendering  more  secure  the  navigation  of  j 
the  great  lakes.  He  at  all  times  favored  cheap  postage  j 
and  the  free  homestead  movement.  Plis  energetic  and  un- 
varying course  in  the  Senate  increased  his  constituency,  j 
and  in  1855  he  was  nominated  and  elected  Governor  of  I 
Ghio  by  the  opponents  of  the  Pierce  administration  and  the  j 
Nebraska  bill.  He  was  inaugurated  in  the  following  year, 
and  advocated  in  his  address,  on  the  occasion  of  his  instal-  I 
lation  in  the  highest  office  of  the  Commonwealth,  an  econ- 
omical administration  of  public  affairs,  an  ample  educational 
fund,  single  legislative  districts,  and  annual  instead  of  bi- 
ennial legislative  sessions.  An  effort  was  made  by  his 
supporters  in  Ohio  to  permit  the  use  of  his  name  as  a can- 
didate for  the  Republican  nomination  for  President,  which 
was  to  be  made  that  year,  but  at  his  request  it  was  with-  | 
drawn.  He  was  re-elected  Governor  in  1857  by  the  largest  \ 
vote  that  had  hitherto  been  polled  for  any  candidate  in  ' 
that  State,  and  in  May,  i860,  at  the  National  Republican 
Convention  held  at  Chicago,  he  was  a candidate  for  nomi-  j 
nation,  receiving  49  out  of  465  votes  on  the  first  ballot.  In  , 
1861  President  Lincoln  called  him  to  his  Cabinet,  with  the 
portfolio  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  this  office  he 
filled  until  July  30th,  1864,  when  he  tendered  his  resigna-  , 


tion,  which  was  accepted.  During  the  great  rebellion  he 
shaped  and  controlled  the  financial  policy  of  the  nation,  the 
chief  characteristics  of  which  were  the  issue  of  United 
States  legal  tenders,  the  borrowing  of  money  on  bonds  and 
the  present  national  banking  system,  which  completely  super- 
seded the  old  system  of  State  banks.  The  bonds  upon  which 
the  government  obtained  money  were  made  to  mature  at  va- 
rious dates,  and  with  such  an  interval  of  time  between  each 
series  as  to  render  their  liquidation  as  easy  as  possible  with- 
out forcing  too  great  a tax  upon  the  people.  By  act  of 
Congress  the  banking  system  was  framed  to  grant  to  each 
bank  a circulation  of  national  bank  notes  based  upon  a 
deposit  of  United  States  bonds  as  a guarantee,  in  the  ratio 
of  8100  in  bonds  for  every  890  of  notes  issued  to  the  bank. 
Upon  his  retirement  from  the  head  of  the  finances  of  the 
government  the  national  debt  aggregated  ^1,740,690,489. 
From  this  position  he  went  to  one  in  many  respects  more 
exalted.  In  October  of  1864  Chief-Justice  Taney,  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States,  died,  and  Mr.  Chase  was 
appointed  his  successor.  He  presided  over  the  trial  of  Presi- 
dent Johnson,  who,  in  March,  1868,  was  impeached  before 
the  bar  of  the  Senate  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
on  two  occasions,  when  the  constitutionality  of  the  legal 
tender  act  was  at  issue;  the  first  decision,  pronounced  by  the 
Chief-Justice  himself,  was  unfavorable;  the  second,  after 
two  vacancies  on  the  bench  had  been  filled,  affirmed  its 
constitutionality  by  a bare  majority.  Dissatisfied  with  the 
action  of  the  Republican  leaders,  he  permitted  his  name  to 
be  used  for  the  Presidential  nomination  in  the  National 
Convention  of  the  Democratic  party,  held  in  New  York, 
July,  1868,  but  received  only  4 out  of  the  663  votes  in  that 
body.  He  retired  then  from  public  affairs,  and  subse- 
quently took  no  action  of  any  political  significance  beyond 
an  acknowledgment  of  his  adhesion  to  the  organization 
which  opposed  the  re-election  of  President  Grant,  in  1872. 
He  died  in  New  York,  on  May  7th,  1873. 


I URCELL.  MOST  REV.  JOHN  B.,  Archbishop 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  son  of  Edmund  and  Jo- 
hanna Purcell,  was  born  at  Mallon,  in  the  county 
of  Cork,  Ireland,  Februai-y  26th,  1800.  His 
parents,  highly  respectable  and  pious  people, 
bestowed  upon  their  children  as  .sound  an  edu- 
cation as  could  be  had  in  the  schools  of  their  native  place. 
Like  Samuel  of  old,  little  John  was  dedicated,  even  before 
his  birth,  to  the  service  of  God.  Already  he  experienced 
the  greatest  joy  when  first  allowed  to  serve  at  the  altar,  and 
his  integrity  gained  such  confidence  with  the  priest  th.at 
he  was  intrusted  with  the  task  of  distributing  the  .Sunday 
contributions  among  the  needy.  Deceived  in  his  expecta- 
tion to  receive  from  well-to-do  relatives  the  necessary  means 
for  completing  his  studies  at  Maynooth,  and  resolved  not  to 
be  a burden  to  his  parents,  he  emigrated  to  the  United 


8 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


States  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years.  Having  received  a 
certificate  of  qualification  from  the  faculty  of  Asbury  Col- 
lege, at  Baltimore,  he  was  engaged  as  a private  teacher  by 
a family  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  After  serving 
in  this  capacity  for  two  years  he  was  received  as  student 
and  teacher  in  Mount  St.  Mary’s  College,  near  Emmits- 
burg,  in  the  same  State,  and  in  1823  Archbishop  Marechal, 
of  Bahimore,  conferred  on  him  the  four  minor  orders.  On 
the  1st  of  March,  1824,  in  company  with  the  Rev.  Brute, 
afterwards  first  Bishop  of  Vincennes,  he  went  to  Paris  to 
complete  his  studies  in  the  Seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  and  in 
1826  was  ordained  priest  by  Archbishop  de  Quelen,  in  the 
Cathedral  of  Notre  Dame,  Paris.  On  his  return  to  America 
he  filled  the  Professorial  chair  of  Philosophy  in  Mount  St. 
Maiy’s  College,  and  besides  attending  to  his  regular  duties 
of  the  confessional  and  pulpit  he  also  assisted  the  aged  and 
venerable  Father  Brute  in  the  teaching  of  theology.  In 
1832  the  cholera,  then  raging  as  an  epidemic,  bereaved 
the  city  of  Cincinnati  of  her  first  bishop,  the  Right  Rev. 
Edward  Fenwick,  consecrated  in  1822,  when  the  diocese 
was  first  established;  and  in  1833  the  Pope  chose  as  his 
successor  the  Rev.  John  B.  Purcell.  In  the  same  year, 
on  October  13th,  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  by  Arch- 
bishop R.  Whitfield,  in  the  Cathedral  of  Baltimore,  in 
presence  of  Bishops  Dr.  Kenrick,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr. 
Du  Bois,  of  New  York;  Rev.  Dr.  Eccleston  delivering  the 
festal  sermon  on  the  occasion.  Ardent  and  zealous  to  per- 
form the  duties  now  imposed  upon  him,  the  young  bishop, 
during  the  week  following  his  consecration,  took  part  in 
the  Second  Provincial  Council  of  Baltimore,  after  which  he 
set  out  for  Cincinnati,  the  seat  of  his  appointed  bishopric. 
On  his  arrival  he  in  no  ways  found  things  in  a flourishing 
condition,  the  Catholics  only  possessing  one  church  at  the 
time.  Knowing,  however,  that  the  field  laid  out  for  his 
labors  was  of  fertile  and  productive  soil,  he  applied  to  the 
work  his  erudite  and  persisting  mind,  deeply  imbued  with 
the  importance  of  its  task.  Soon  experiencing  that  the 
German  element  promised  to  constitute  a .strong  and  highly 
influential  portion  of  the  Catholic  population,  he  at  once 
set  about  building  a separate  church  for  them  ; and  to  cany 
out  this  project  he  sacrificed  a valuable  piece  of  real  estate 
left  to  him  by  his  predecessor.  Going  from  house  to  house 
he  gathered  contributions  for  his  holy  and  praiseworthy 
design,  and  in  one  year  he  had  the  consolation  of  conse- 
crating the  first  German  Catholic  church  in  Cincinnati,  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  The  entire  diocese,  em- 
bracing the  State  of  Ohio,  then  comprised  sixteen  so-called 
churches,  few  of  which,  however,  deserved  the  name,  as 
they  were  mostly  block-houses,  now  long  since  disappeared, 
having  given  place  to  more  modern  edifices.  Owing  to 
the  rapid  growth  of  Catholicism  it  soon  became  neccssaiy 
to  erect  a second  diocese  for  the  northern  half  of  the  State, 
and  on  the  loth  of  October,  1847,  the  Rev.  Amadeus  Rappe 
was  consecrated  its  first  bishop  in  the  Cathedral  of  Cincin- 
nati. The  year  1S6S  witnessed  the  erection  of  the  Diocese 


of  Columbus,  under  Bishop  S.  H.  Rosecrans.  In  1850 
Bishop  Purcell  was  appointed  Archbishop,  and  in  the  year 
following,  being  in  Rome,  he  received  the  Pallium  from  the 
Pope’s  own  hands.  The  former  Diocese  of  Cincinnati, 
embracing  the  present  archdiocese,  the  Diocese  of  Cleve- 
land and  that  of  Columbus,  now  contains,  instead  of  sixteen 
churches,  over  460,  and  nearly  100  chapels.  Its  Catholic 
population  amounts  to  450,000,  of  which  the  Archdiocese  of 
Cincinnati  comprises  at  present  240,000,  more  than  85,000 
being  in  Cincinnati  alone.  Where  once  he  beheld  but  one 
Catholic  church  he  now  counts  more  than  30  splendid  and 
imposing  edifices.  Furthermore,  these  three  dioceses  enjoy 
the  services  of  more  than  375  clergymen,  and  contain  51  re- 
ligious communities,  3 theological  seminaries,  3 colleges,  23 
literary  institutions  for  girls,  22  orphan  asylums,  one  protec- 
tory for  boys,  6 hospitals,  10  charitable  institutions  and  266 
parochial  schools.  The  statistics  of  1876  compared  with 
those  of  1832  are  highly  flattering,  and,  as  must  be  con- 
ceded by  all,  can  only  be  the  accomplishment  of  so 
undaunted  a spirit  as  that  of  his  Grace  the  Most  Rev. 
John  B.  Purcell ; for  under  his  direct  administration  were 
established  the  following  institutions,  viz. : The  Theological 
Seminary  at  Mount  St.  Mary’s  of  the  West ; St.  Xavier 
College ; the  Passionist  Monastery,  Mount  Adams ; the 
Catholic  Gymnasium  of  St.  Francis  Assisium;  St.  Joseph’s 
Academy;  St.  Mary’s  Institute;  six  literary  institutes  for 
young  ladies,  three  of  which  are  conducted  by  the  Sisters 
of  Notre  Dame,  the  others  by  the  Ladies  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  Sisters  of  Charity  and  Ursuline  Nuns;  six  convents, 
the  P'oundling  Asylum  and  Lying-in  Hospital  of  St.  Vin- 
cent of  Paul ; the  Protectory  for  Boys ; St.  Mary’s  Hospital ; 
the  Hospital  of  the  Good  Samaritan ; St.  Peter’s,  St.  Joseph’s 
and  St.  Aloysius’  Orphan  Asylum,  and  more  than  thirty 
parochial  schools,  with  over  15,000  children  in  attendance. 
Among  the  many  incidents  of  the  Archbishop’s  life  the  fol- 
lowing are  of  interest  and  worthy  of  note : About  the  time 
when  religious  excitement  was  at  its  height,  there  took 
place  the  celebrated  debate  between  Alexander  Campbell, 
the  founder  of  a new  sect  of  his  name  (who  now  call  them- 
selves Christian  Disciples),  and  the  Archbishop.  It  lasted 
over  a week,  and  the  five  judges,  representing  as  many 
different  denominations,  awarded  the  victory  to  the  Arch- 
bishop, which  caused  the  greatest  enthusiasm  among  the 
Catholics  and  a large  number  of  Protestants.  Of  the  many 
conversions  which  occurred  at  this  time  may  be  mentioned 
that  of  the  eminent  jurist  and  thinker.  Judge  Burnet,  for- 
merly Governor  of  California,  who  dedicated  to  the  Arch- 
bishop his  excellent  work  entitled  “ The  Path  which  led  a 
Protestant  Lawyer  to  the  Catholic  Church.”  Not  only  at 
home,  but  also  abroad,  were  witnessed  the  glorious  results 
of  the  Archbishop’s  labors.  When  in  Rome,  in  the  year 
1851,  the  European  newspapers  gave  the  details  of  a mur- 
der said  to  have  been  committed  by  Count  Hippolyte 
Bocarme,  and  who  had  been  for  several  years  with  his 
father  in  Arkansas.  This,  singularly  enough,  awakened  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVLDIA. 


9 


the  heart  of  the  good  Archbishop  a presentiment  that  it 
would  be  his  lot  to  assist  the  murderer  in  his  last  moments. 
After  a six  months’  journey  through  Europe  he  arrived  just 
two  days  before  the  count’s  execution,  in  Pournay,  Belgium. 
The  count  had  steadily  refused  the  assistance  of  any  priest 
connected  with  the  government,  but  he  was  ready  to  listen  to 
a missionary.  On  seeing  the  Archbishop  his  first  question 
was  : “ Have  you  been  sent  by  the  king,  or  by  the  Pope?  ” 
“ By  neither,”  was  the  reply ; “ I come  by  the  providence 
of  God.”  “ You  are  the  man  I want,”  he  said,  kissing  the 
cross  and  the  Archbishop’s  hand  with  emotion,  and  begged 
him  to  leave  him  no  more.  He  complied  with  his  request, 
and  on  the  19th  of  September,  1851,  he  accompanied  him 
to  the  scaffold.  In  1862,  on  the  invitation  of  the  Holy 
Father,  the  Archbishop  visited  Rome  for  the  fourth  time, 
in  order  to  be  present  at  the  canonization  of  the  Japanese 
martyrs.  In  1867  Archbishop  Purcell  repaired  once  more 
to  Rome,  and  again,  in  1869,  to  take  part  in  the  great 
General  Council  of  the  Vatican.  The  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  his  priesthood  was  celebrated  on  the  21st  of  May  of  the 
present  year  ( 1876).  Such  is  in  short  a synopsis  of  the  life 
of  the  Most  Rev.  Archbishop  John  B.  Purcell,  whose  spirit 
will  live  forever  with  the  public  he  has  so  greatly  benefited. 


IfAOFORTH,  william,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  in  1766.  His  preparatory 
education  was  tolerably  good.  In  medicine  his 
private  preceptor  was  Dr.  Joseph  Young,  a phy- 
sician of  some  eminence.  He  also  enjoyed  the 
more  substantial  teachings  of  Dr.  Charles  Mc- 
Knight,  then  a public  lecturer  in  New  York.  In  their 
midst,  however,  he  and  other  students  of  the  forming 
school  were  dispersed  by  a mob  raised  against  the  pro- 
moters of  anatomical  investigation.  This  was  in  the  winter 
of  1787-88.  He  at  once  resolved  to  go  West,  and  landed 
at  Maysville,  Kentucky,  then  called  Limestone,  on  the  loth 
of  June,  1788.  Eventually  settling  in  Washington,  four 
miles  from  the  river,  he  soon  acquired  popularity  and  a 
large  practice.  He  remained  at  this  place  eleven  years, 
and  then  determined  to  go  to  Cincinnati,  being  very  fond 
of  change.  In  the  spring  of  1800  he  reached  his  destina- 
tion, in  the  meantime  having  tarried  several  months  at  his 
father’s  home  in  Columbia.  His  father  was  Judge  Goforth, 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  State.  He  occupied  the 
Peach  Grove  House,  formerly  the  residence  of  Dr.  Allison, 
who  had  left  the  city,  and  succeeded  to  his  practice.  His 
high  reputation  and  good  family  connections  brought  him  a 
large  practice.  In  1801  he  introduced  vaccination  in  Cin- 
cinnati, the  infection  having  been  brought  from  Europe  to 
Eastern  cities  the  year  previous.  In  1803,  at  great  ex- 
pense, he  dug  up  a mass  of  huge  fossil  bones  at  Bigbone 
Lick,  Kentucky,  but  was  imposed  upon  by  an  Englishman 


named  Ashe  with  a French  alias.  The  doctor  was  very 
partial  to  the  P'rench,  and  this  man  gained  his  confidence, 
was  intrusted  with  the  bones  to  convey  them  to  Europe, 
and  there  disposed  of  them  and  was  never  heard  of  more. 
Nor  was  this  by  any  means  the  only  instance  in  which  his 
good  nature  was  imposed  upon  by  adventurers  and  sharpers. 
He  was  the  special  patron  of  those  engaged  i.i  seeking  for 
precious  metals,  arid  such  persons  never  neglected  to 
quarter  themselves  upon  his  family  while  having  their 
“specimens”  examined  through  his  agency.  He  was  very 
fond  of  associating  with  French  people,  and  .sympathized 
warmly  with  refugees  from  that  (then)  distracted  country. 
His  own  polite  manners  and  faultless  precision  in  dress,  no 
doubt,  commended  him  to  these  exiles  from  the  “ land  of 
etiquette.”  This  admiration  of  the  French  and  his  love  of 
change  led  him  to  conceive  the  idea  of  taking  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Louisiana,  which  had  lately  been  purchased  by  the 
United  States,  and  which  was  a place  of  refuge  for  large  num- 
bers of  these  exiles.  Accordingly,  in  1807,  he  departed  on  a 
flat-boat  for  the  lower  Mississippi.  Soon  after  his  arrival 
he  was  elected  a Parish  Judge,  and  the  Creoles  of  Attacapas 
elected  him  a member  of  the  convention  to  form  a consti- 
tution for  the  new  State.  During  the  invasion  of  Louisiana 
by  the  British  he  was  an  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  American 
army.  Eventually  he  became  dissatisfied  with  his  prospects 
and  associations  in  the  South,  and  longed  for  Cincinnati. 
From  letters  he  wrote,  this  dissatisfaction  must  have 
amounted  to  actual  disgust.  He  arrived  in  Cincinnati  in 
May,  1816,  after  a voyage  by  river  of  eight  months.  Dur- 
ing this  journey,  which  for  some  reason  he  had  protracted 
to  great  length,  he  contracted  a disease  from  which  he 
never  recovered.  He  met  with  a flattering  welcome  from 
the  citizens,  and  at  once  resumed  his  popularity.  But  he 
was  not  destined  to  remain  long  with  them.  He  died  in 
the  spring  of  1817,  regretted  by  the  entire  community,  to 
every  man,  woman  and  child  of  which  his  face  and  figure 
were  familiar.  He  was  the  second  physician  to  die  within 
the  limits  of  Cincinnati,  Dr.  Allison  being  the  first.  He 
was  very  original,  if  not  eccentric,  in  manner.  He  dressed 
with  great  care,  and  never  left  the  house  until  his  hair  had 
been  powdered  and  his  gold-headed  cane  grasped  in  his 
left  hand.  He  was  devoted  to  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and 
invariably  adorned  his  signature  with  some  of  its  emblems. 
Dr.  Daniel  Drake,  his  distinguished  pupil,  says  of  him  that 
“ he  had  the  most  winning  manners  of  any  physician  he 
ever  knew.”  Although  so  many  years  have  pa.sscd  since 
his  death,  there  are  yet  living  quite  a number  of  citizens 
of  Cincinnati  who  remember  him,  and  his  memory  is 
preserved  not  only  by  those  who  actually  recollect  the 
man,  but  by  the  whole  medical  profession  of  the  city. 
As  the  introducer  of  vaccination  in  Cincinnati,  and,  prac- 
tically, therefore,  in  the  West,  he  is  entitled  to  high 
distinction  among  his  profe.ssional  brethren,  and  to  the 
grateful  remembrance  of  the  whole  community.  In  all 
the  relations  of  life,  whether  as  a physician,  a public  of- 


2 


lO 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 


ficial,  or  a private  citizen,  he  proved  himself  a man  of 
great  ability,  broad  liberality  of  view  and  eminent  consci- 
entiousness. 


rA) 

'AGANS,  MARCELLUS  BROWN,  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  Petersburg,  Somerset  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  the  2lst  of  April,  1827.  On  the  father’s 
side  he  was  descended  from  the  old  Puritan 
stock,  and  on  the  mother’s  was  of  Scotch-Irish 
extraction.  At  the  age  of  four  years  he  was 
taken  with  the  family  to  Kingwood,  in  West  Virginia.  He 
obtained  a preparatory  course  of  training  in  the  academy  at 
that  place,  and  when  that  was  completed  he  entered  the 
Washington  College,  at  Washington,  Pennsylvania.  There 
he  graduated  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  years.  Not 
long  after  he  left  college  he  began  the  study  of  law  with 
his  uncle,  the  Hon.  William  G.  Brown,  of  Kingwood,  who 
represented  the  Wheeling  District  in  Congress  for  three 
successive  terms,  and  who  was  distinguished  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  that  State.  In  the  year  1848,  while 
still  in  his  minority,  the  young  student  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  immediately  thereafter  he  entered  into  a partner- 
ship with  his  brother-in-law,  who  was  afterwards  judge  of 
one  of  the  Circuit  Courts  of  West  Virginia.  In  the  year 
1852  the  younger  member  of  the  firm  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
1856  he  formed  a partnership  with  S.  J.  Broadwell.  He 
continued  in  this  partnership  until  1868,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  Judgeship  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cincin- 
nati by  a majority  of  very  gratifying  proportions.  His  pro- 
fession.al  career  has  been  an  eminently  successful  one,  and 
he  stands  among  the  foremost  of  the  able  men  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati bar.  The  duties  of  a very  active  professional  career 
and  a very  exacting  official  position  have  not  prevented  his 
finding  leisure  for  high  and  choice  intellectual  and  social 
culture.  He  has  found  time,  moreover,  to  attend  to  many 
matters  outside  of  his  profession  and  his  official  position,  in 
which  the  public  was  much  interested.  He  has  been  an 
active  Sund.ay-school  worker,  and  his  work  in  that  direc- 
tion has  been  earnest  and  effective.  He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  College  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  the  origin  and  success  of  this  institution  were 
largely  due  to  his  efforts.  In  the  great  contest  that  pre- 
ceded the  expulsion  of  the  Bible  from  the  public  schools  of 
Cincinnati,  he  and  Judge  Bellamy  Storcr  gave  the  majority 
decision  in  favor  of  retaining  the  Bible.  In  this  connection 
it  may  be  said  that  he  is  an  active  and  earnest  Christian, 
and  his  decision  in  the  matter  just  cited  was  in  a line  with 
both  his  religious  and  intellectual  convictions.  His  term  as 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  would  have  expired  in  the 
year  1S73,  but  the  superior  pecuniary  advantages  offered 
the  practice  of  his  profession  led  him  to  resign  the  position 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term.  His  professional  experi- 
ence has  been  varied  by  a number  of  remarkable  and 


romantic  causes  which  have  come  within  his  practice.  In 
1851  he  married  the  only  daughter  of  Hon.  Samuel  Lewis, 
a distinguished  and  uncompromising  opponent  of  the  slave 
power,  who  was  twice  the  candidate  of  the  Free-Soil  or 
the  Free  Democratic  party  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  who 
was  also  the  father  of  the  free  school  system  in  that  State. 


LLEN,  HON.  WILLIAM,  Governor  of  Ohio, 
formerly  a member  of  the  United  States  Senate 
and  a Representative  in  Congress,  was  born  in 
Chowan,  North  Carolina.  His  father,  Nathaniel 
Allen,  was  a descendant  from  an  ancestor  of  the 
same  name  who  came  from  England  with  Wil- 
liam Penn,  being  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia.  One  of  the  sons  of  the  first  Nathaniel  Allen, 
whose  name  was  William,  was  the  first  judge  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  branch  of  the  family  from  which  Governor 
Allen  descended  removed  to  the  South,  and  separating 
themselves  from  the  Society  of  Friends,  engaged  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle,  the  father  of  Governor  Allen  ac- 
cepting a commission  in  the  Continental  army,  which  he 
held  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  also  a member  of 
the  North  Carolina  Constitutional  Convention  which  ac- 
cepted the  Federal  Constitution  by  which  the  government 
of  the  United  States  was  formed.  His  uncle,  Joseph 
Hewes,  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. Both  his  parents  dying  within  a year  of  his 
birth,  the  c.are  of  Governor  Allen’s  childhood  devolved  on 
his  only  sister,  who  married  soon  after  the  death  of  her 
parents  and  removed  to  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  taking  her 
brother  with  her.  To  this  excellent  woman — Mrs.  Pleasant 
Thurman,  mother  of  the  Hon.  Allen  G.  Thurman,  United 
States  Senator  from  Ohio — Governor  Allen  is  indebted  for 
an  education  as  good  as  the  institutions  of  the  country 
afforded  in  his  day.  His  father  left  some  means;  but 
though  they  were  not  ample,  under  his  sister’s  careful  man- 
;igement  they  were  made  to  do  the  utmost  toward  his  edu- 
cation. Removing  to  Ohio,  she  left  him  for  some  time  in 
Lynchburg,  where  he  attended  a private  school ; but  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  joined  his  sister  at  Chillicothe,  and  made 
his  home  with  her  while  he  finished  his  education  at  the 
Chillicothe  Academy,  an  institution  of  learning  then  second 
to  none  in  the  State,  and  at  which  he  obtained  the  ordinary 
knowledge  of  Latin  and  Greek  imparted  at  such  prepara- 
tory institutions.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Edward  King,  of  Chillicothe,  son  of 
Hon.  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  when  he  was  but  twenty  years  of  age.  He  at  once 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  his  old  preceptor, 
Mr.  King,  and  owing  to  the  felicitous  circumstances  of  his 
start,  as  well  as  his  great  native  powers  as  an  advocate,  he 
at  once  acquired  an  extended  and  lucrative  ];ractice.  In 
1832  the  Democrats  of  his  district  induced  him  to  stand  for 


*1 


...  ’•  ’5^' ' ' 

* -U 

■ * ' 1 

k»i  - ^ ,^-  .W  * . . 


• .♦  ■ 


> 


•I  -*:  !•' 


• •fe*  » ' I • . T ' 

,*s;i;3asa  ' ■•i'.  „ 

■ ,m';  . ••<’  f,-.  i.,  • la 

'•'<■"  ' -^'  ■■ 

. ;,  . Jv  • ■ ' •"  ^ ■ 


4- 


it  '*iS 


V „ <1  ,'‘“#-.-’Aai2r*’ 

- , 4 « - I ,ri  # 

~*At  PL. 


' , s’rn  s 

, ■■'  .L>.,...  :.-*  *-A  -'iJ.flKIiL.'  ...-Swjfcis 


. m p— m *•  ' ■”-■  ■ ' '.s?  — -L^ 


' - - -uv  "US 


/'tJI 


*..(  y*'- 


„.,  ;,-i  ' 


^ # > • 

• . ♦ t-  • 

» *1* 

, . . - tf*  - 

mSn- 


'•‘*7  " * 

.,*  K',  . L.^*  - * ■= 

• »p  * 

, / I 


r-S: 

— " '/■  s*ii^  -:i 


. L • V.  ‘ ■ ' 

:v,  • ' 

♦'•V 

Ht«  ' •»  ‘ 


(-:  .^v 
»■  •' 

..i 


I t| 


.■Mrv 


..•  L ' *•<  ' •.ft. f .^*451^^" 

, k ffl  *** 

. a.Ai^  'tar*  . j».  cCi  J' 


iS 


; 1 

•( 


•.  P ^ 


♦ .-Tf*. 'i.'*} 

■'  ■ 'V!  . 

’ '•5PV^.(j*  --  >.. 

■•*  035-  ,."  f'-'  ,'*  , , .f^ 


ffj* 


« ’ 


•4MW ; 

•i-' 


^ i 


. ^• 

4 w:.»«  ' * 


1 


•»S. 

»»#•*» 


•• 

4 ^ ' . jfi  lf.1  ^ * 1^1 


■I'.  :v;*‘- ' . i,,.it-  V *' 

, .If  ..t  iv>«'H(i  ‘ 

,;.i.s>i«Kif  ‘ * 

- ,•'  ‘V 

•;;  .v 

. ^-1 


■;  >( 

• ♦ j' 


I'H  ' f ! ' V 


,,  .. 

•-♦A 


»,'  i;  . % - ■ ‘'  *'  • ' • 

.,o..  . 4V, ..  » ■■•’  ‘ • ^ .. 


» :• 


bin  It 


ir  i' 


'("  ./i- 


BIOGRAPHICAI,  ENCYCLOP/EDTA. 


II 


the  office  of  Congressional  Representative,  and  though  the 
district  had  been  strongly  Whig,  and  he  was  opposed  by 
Governor  Duncan  MacArthur,  who  declined  renomination 
to  the  executive  office  in  order  to  stand  for  Congress,  the 
magic  of  a young  face  and  a fresh,  impassioned  oratory 
broke  down  the  opposition  and  secured  his  election  by  the 
sufficient  but  remarkable  majority  of  one  vote.  The  posi- 
tion which  he  gained  in  the  House  of  Representatives  by 
the  law  of  intellectual  gravitation  marked  him  as  a rising 
man,  and  in  1837  he  was  chosen  by  the  Legislature  of  Ohio 
to  succeed  the  venerable  Thomas  Ewing  in  the  United 
States  Senate.  He  remained  in  the  Senate  twelve  years, 
the  associate  of  the  brightest  minds  that  have  ever  illumin- 
ated the  history  of  the  great  republic.  By  such  contempo- 
raries as  Seward  and  Webster  and  Clay  and  Calhoun  he 
was  surrounded  but  not  overshadowed.  From  among 
them  and  by  them  he  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Foreign  Relations,  a position  of  delicate  responsi- 
bility, one  bringing  him  into  the  closest  relations  with  the 
administration,  and  which  has  ever  been  considered  the 
most  important  and  honorable  in  Congress.  Henry  Clay 
was  a member  of  the  committee  at  the  same  time  that  Mr. 
Allen  occuj.ied  the  chair.  His  party  being  in  the  minority 
in  the  Legislature  in  1849,  I's  was  succeeded  in  the  Senate 
by  the  late  Chief-Justice  Chase,  and  retired  completely  from 
public  life.  May  5th,  1845,  had  married  Mrs.  Effie 
Coons,  the  daughter  of  Governor  Duncan  MacArthur,  his 
first  political  opponent.  She  is  remembered  as  a woman 
of  great  personal  attractions  and  a highly  cultivated  mind. 
She  died  in  Washington  in  March,  1847,  leaving  an  infant 
daughter.  Overwhelmed  by  this  great  affliction,  which  was 
rendered  unusually  poignant  by  the  singularly  tender  at- 
tachment in  which  he  held  his  wife,  Mr.  Allen  willingly 
withdrew  from  public  life  to  a fine  estate  of  fourteen  hun- 
dred acres  called  Fruit  Hill,  in  the  valley  of  the  Sciota, 
near  Chillicothe,  a part  of  which  had  been  acquired  with 
his  wife,  and  was  formerly  the  home  of  her  father.  Gover- 
nor MacArthur.  Here  for  a period  of  twenty-four  years  he 
enjoyed  uninterrupted  the  pleasures  of  an  elegant  rural 
home,  dividing  his  attention  between  the  education  of  his 
child,  the  cultivation  of  his  farm,  and  the  prosecution  of 
philosophical  and  scientific  studies,  to  which  he  has  ever 
been  devoted.  In  1873,  feeling  that  he  owed  it  to  the 
party  that  had  raised  him  to  such  early  fame,  he  consented 
to  have  his  name  placed  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  the 
office  of  Governor,  and  with  the  singular  felicity  which  has 
ever  attended  his  political  career,  the  farmer  of  the  Sciota 
wxs  elected,  though  all  the  rest  of  the  State  ticket  sustained 
defeat.  He  was  nominated  in  1875  for  ^ second  term,  but 
was  defeated  on  the  financial  issue.  The  career  of  Gover- 
nor Allen  cannot  be  discussed  at  great  length  in  a work  of 
this  nature ; but  fortunately  a life  so  singularly  marked  dis- 
closes its  importance  by  the  simple  statement  of  events, 
without  the  comment  of  the  historian.  He  is  emphatically 
a gentleman  of  the  old  regime — a solitary  survivor  of  that 


grand  old  galaxy  of  statesmen  whose  central  star  was 
Daniel  Webster,  and  whose  history  it  is  their  country’s 
glory  to  remember.  Governor  Allen  has  been  much  spoken 
of  by  the  Democratic  press  of  the  country  as  a candidate 
for  the  Presidency  in  1876.  He  was  mentioned  for  the 
same  place  in  1847. 

tOBISON,  HON.  JOHN  PETER,  M.  D.,  Physi- 
cian, Manufacturer,  and  State  Senator,  was  born 
January  23d,  1811,  at  Lyons,  Ontario  county. 
New  York.  On  his  father’s  side  he  is  of  Scotch 
descent,  his  paternal  ancestors  having  emigrated 
to  America  among  the  earliest  settlers.  His 
mother  is  of  English  extraction.  He  was  educated  at 
Niffing’s  School,  at  Vienna,  New  York,  after  leaving 
which,  in  1828,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  as  a 
private  pupil  of  Dr.  Woodward,  President  of  the  Vermont 
College  of  Medicine,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1831.  He  started  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Bedford,  Ohio,  where  he  continued  for  eleven  years,  and 
his  success  was  gratifying  as  well  as  lucrative.  He  there- 
after turned  his  attention  to  other  business.  In  1874  he 
erectfd  the  National  Packing  Plouse  at  Cleveland,  which  is 
probably  the  model  packing  house  of  America  or  Europe. 
The  cost  of  the  building  was  $40,000,  and  in  it  one  thou- 
sand hogs  per  day  can  be  disposed  of.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs,  and  has  filled  honorable  posi- 
tions in  political  and  business  life.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  where  his  services  were  honorable  to 
himself  and  valuable  to  his  constituents.  He  was  the  Vice- 
President  of  the  Northern  Ohio  Fair  Association  at  its 
organization,  and  for  the  last  three  years  has  been  its  Presi- 
dent. 


.Cotton  Merchant, was 
Kentucky,  on  Novem- 
of  Allen  Rowland 
Nancy  .S.  Railcy,  both  of  whom  were  natives 
of  W^oodford  county  and  of  Virginia  ancestry. 
He  was  raised  on  a farm,  passed  two  years  at  the 
Kentucky  Military  Institute,  and  in  1849  rnoved  to  Cincin- 
nati and  became  a clerk  in  the  grocery  house  of  Messick, 
Taylor  & Watts.  He  began  the  grocery  business  in  one  of 
the  firms  succeeding  them,  in  August,  1854,  and  continued 
in  that  business  until  18C7,  when  the  present  firm  of  Row- 
land & Co.  was  formed,  which  now  conducts  the  largest 
cotton  business  in  the  city.  Its  members  arc  Charles  W. 
Rowland,  W.  H.  Harrison,  and  Charles  Heinking.  He 
was  married  on  July  20th,  1854,  to  Virginia  Greene.  He 
was  President  of  the  Young  Men’s  Mercantile  Library 
Association  in  1859;  w.as  President  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  Commerce  from  August,  1870,  to  August,  1872. 
In  religious  matters  he  has  always  been  an  active  worker. 


12 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EUIA. 


He  joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1849,  and  is 
now  President  of  the  Young  Men’s  Bible  Society  of  Cincin- 
nati. He  has  always  been  a Democrat,  but  has  held  no 
political  office  save  that  of  a member  of  the  Ohio  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1873-74.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  temperance  crusade  of  1874  as  a public  speaker  against 
license,  visiting  various  parts  of  the  State  for  this  purpose. 
He  is  now  Chairman  of  the  Union  Temperance  League  of 
the  State  of  Ohio. 


|(jART,  HON.  ALPHONSO,  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Ohio,  son  of  Chauncey  and  Melisendra  Hart, 
)|  :l  was  born  July  4th,  1830,  in  Vienna,  Trumbull 
county,  where  his  father  followed  the  occupation 
of  farming.  The  family  came  originally  from 
Hartford  county,  Connecticut,  where  their  name 
and  connections  are  very  numerous,  and  settled  in  Ohio 
only  a few  years  previous  to  the  birth  of  their  son.  Mr. 
Hart  enjoyed  the  usual  advantages  of  the  country  youth,  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  county,  up  to  the  age  of 
fourteen,  when  his  father  died  and  the  little  family  of  five 
children  was  dispersed.  Alphonso  was  bound  out  to  a 
neighboring  farmer  for  three  years;  but  dissatisfied  with  the 
treatment  he  received,  and  having  no  opportunity  for  im- 
provement and  culture,  at  the  end  of  seven  months  he 
signified  his  unwillingness  to  remain,  dissolved  the  connec- 
tion, and  assumed  the  regulation  of  his  own  career.  Pie 
determined  to  obtain  an  education,  and  achieved  his  pur- 
pose without  the  aid  of  a dollar  from  relation  or  friend. 
By  laboring  and  teaching  in  vacations  and  winters  he  main- 
tained himself  at  the  Grand  River  Institute,  in  Ashtalrula 
county,  till  he  acquired  a fair  knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek, 
mathematical  and  other  sciences.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  registered  for  the  bar,  and  pursuing  his  legal  studies 
during  the  intervals  of  labor,  was  admitted  August  12th, 
1851.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he  entered  the  office  of  Judge 
John  Clark,  of  New  Lisbon,  Columbiana  county,  to  begin 
pr.rctice  under  his  direction.  He  remained  with  Judge 
Clark  two  years,  and  in  1854  was  elected  Assistant  Clerk 
of  the  lower  branch  of  the  Ohio  Legislature.  The  same 
year  he  purchased  the  Portage  Sentinel,  a weekly  news- 
paper published  at  Ravenna,  which  he  conducted  in  the 
interests  of  the  Democratic  party  till  1857,  when  he  disposed 
of  the  concern  to  associate  himself  with  Samuel  Strawder, 
of  Ravenna,  in  the  practice  of  law.  This  association  con- 
tinued till  i860.  In  1861  Mr.  Hart  was  elected  Prosecut- 
ing Attorney  for  Portage  county,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office  in  1863,  but  resigned  in  1864  to  accept  the  seat 
in  the  State  .Senate  vacated  by  the  elevation  of  the  Hon. 
Luther  Day  to  the  .Supreme  Bench.  Resuming  his  practice 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term,  he  devoted  himself  rigidly  to 
his  profession  till  1871,  when  he  again  entered  the  political 
arena  and  was  elected  to  represent  his  district  in  the  Senate. 
In  1873  Mr.  Hart  received  the  signal  honor  of  being  elected 


Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  and  that  at  a time  when 
his  party  sustained  quite  a general  overthrow,  and  their 
executive  nominee  was  defeated  by  Governor  Allen.  A 
career  so  marked  as  that  of  Mr.  Hart  discloses  the  charac- 
ter of  the  man  without  the  comment  of  the  historian.  Since 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  1861,  he  has  been  a Repub- 
lican, but  his  legislative  course  has  been  marked  by  a 
degree  of  political  sagacity  and  an  independence  of  judg- 
ment which  distinguishes  the  statesman  from  the  mere 
politician.  When  a member  of  the  Senate,  over  which  he 
now  presides,  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Standing  Committee 
on  Judiciary,  and  also  of  the  Committee  on  Privileges  and 
Elections.  As  Chairman  of  the  latter  he  made  the 
majority  report  upon  the  Senatorial  contest  from  the  Third 
District,  which  resulted  in  establishing  the  right  of  the 
inmates  of  the  National  Military  Asylum  for  Disabled 
Soldiers,  at  Dayton,  to  vote.  The  measure  was  one  of 
grave  importance,  involving  questions  of  constitutional  law, 
the  jurisdiction  of  States,  and  the  political  status  of  people 
in  a Stale  who  were  living  upon  land  ceded  to  the  general 
government  for  national  purposes.  Deciding  as  it  did  their 
right  of  citizenship,  it  excited  the  deepest  interest  among 
soldiers,  and  especially  those  at  the  various  government 
asylums  throughout  the  Union.  The  immediate  question 
involved  was  the  right  of  a Senator  to  a seat  which  he  had 
gained  by  having  the  soldiers’  vote  thrown  out ; and  as  the 
Senate  was  a tie,  and  the  unseating  of  the  member  would 
give  the  Republicans  a majority  and  the  power  to  control 
legislation,  the  contest  was  the  most  obstinate  and  bitter  in 
the  legislative  history  of  Ohio.  As  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee Mr.  Hart  brought  in  a report  adverse  to  the  sitting 
member  and  in  favor  of  the  contestant  for  whom  the  sol- 
diers had  tendered  their  ballots.  In  the  hot  debate  that 
followed  he  maintained  his  position  with  such  eloquence 
and  ability  as  made  him  the  leader  of  his  party  in  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  The  Senate  adopted  the  report  and  the 
seat  was  given  to  the  eontestant,  and  in  a subsequent  review 
of  the  case  the  Supreme  Court,  notwithstanding  a former 
decision  to  the  contrary,  affirmed  the  policy  advocated  by 
Mr.  Hart,  and  the  right  of  soldiers  to  vote  in  the  State 
where  their  asylums  are  loeated  is  now  judicially  settled. 
Impartial,  able,  and  courteous,  with  great  knowledge  of 
parliamentary  law,  Lieutenant-Governor  Hart  has  gained 
the  good-will  and  confidenee  of  both  parties  as  presiding 
officer  of  the  Senate.  As  a political  speaker  he  is  well 
known,  having  frequently  made  the  canvass  of  the  State. 
In  1872  he  was  Presidential  Elector  at  Large  for  Ohio  on 
the  Republican  ticket,  and  in  the  electoral  college  cast  his 
vote  for  the  re-election  of  General  Grant.  In  his  profession 
he  has  gained  a reputation  not  less  distingirished  and  hon- 
orable than  that  obtained  in  the  field  of  politics.  He  was 
mentioned  to  the  w'fiter  by  the  Chief-Justice  of  the  State  as 
a lawyer  excellent  in  general  practice  and  eminent  in  the 
sphere  of  an  advocate.  In  forensic  debate  he  po.ssesses  a 
style  fervid,  collected,  and  persuasive,  which  warms  the 


'—/^r-iu- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


13 


imagination  not  less  than  it  satisfies  the  judgment.  During 
the  summer  of  1S64  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  where  he 
formed  a professional  association  with  Messrs.  Marvin  and 
Squire,  and  since  his  retirement  from  office  at  the  close  of 
his  term  he  has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law.  He  was  married  on  November  22d,  1856,  to  Phebe 
Peck,  of  Warren,  who  died  in  September,  1868,  leaving 
two  children,  a son  and  a daughter. 


ONG WORTH,  NICHOLAS,  Lawyer,  Vine- 
grower  and  Horticulturist,  was  born,  January 
l6th,  1782,  in  Newark,  New  Jersey.  His  father 
had  been  a Tory  during  the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  his  large  property  had  been  entirely 
confiscated  in  consequence.  Young  Longworth’s 
childhood  was  passed  in  comparative  indigence,  and  while 
yet  a boy  he  went  to  South  Carolina  as  clerk  for  an  elder 
brother ; but  the  climate  proved  unfavorable  to  his  health, 
and,  returning  to  Newark,  he  resolved  to  study  law.  Be- 
lieving that  the  region  then  known  as  the  Northwest 
Territory  offered  the  best  opportunity  of  success  to  young 
men  of  enterprise,  he  removed  thither  in  1803,  and,  fixing 
upon  the  little  village  of  Cincinnati  as  his  residence,  he 
continued  his  legal  studies  in  the  office  of  Judge  Jacob 
Burnet.  His  first  case  after  admission  to  the  bar  was  the 
defence  of  a horse-thief,  receiving  for  his  fee  two  copper 
whiskey-stills.  These  he  bartered  for  thirty-three  acres  of 
land.  Central  avenue  being  its  eastern  boundary.  Owing 
to  the  great  influx  of  emigration  this  land  in  process  of  time 
arose  to  the  value  of  over  two  millions  of  dollars.  From 
the  time  of  his  arrival  in  Cincinnati  he  held  to  the  idea  that 
the  log  village  of  that  day  would  become  the  metropolis  of 
the  future.  He  was  outspoken  and  decided  on  this  point. 
His  convictions  determined  all  his  actions  in  this  direction; 
but  they  were  the  merest  visions  to  the  old  men  around 
him.  While  a student  in  Judge  Burnet’s  office  he  offered 
to  purchase  the  judge’s  cow  pasture,  and,  thinking  to  obtain 
it  on  a long  credit,  proposed  to  pay  five  thousand  dollars 
for  it.  The  judge  reproved  him  sharply  for  what  he  was 
jfleased  to  term  the  folly  that  would  assume  such  a debt  for 
such  worthless  investment ; but  he  lived  to  see  the  cow- 
pasture  valued  at  one  and  a half  million  dollars.  When 
Mr.  Longworth  began  the  practice  of  law  he  was  known  as 
the  attorney  who  would  always  take  land  for  fees ; and 
during  his  connection  with  that  profession  all  his  earnings 
were  invested  in  lands  in  and  around  Cincinnati,  so  that 
he  became,  in  the  course  of  a few  years,  a large  lot  and 
land-owner  and  dealer.  At  that  time  property  was  held  at 
a very  low  figure ; many  of  his  lots  cost  him  but  ten  dollars 
each,  while  vast  tracts  represented  but  a lawyer’s  fee.  He 
had  for  some  years  given  much  attention  to  the  cultivation 
of  the  grape,  with  the  view  of  making  wine;  and  at  first  at- 
tempted, though  with  but  little  success,  the  acclimation  of 


foreign  vines.  He  tried  about  forty  different  varieties  before 
the  idea  occurred  to  him  of  testing  the  capabilities  of  our 
indigenous  grapes.  In  1828  he  withdrew  from  the  practice 
of  his  profession  and  commenced  experimenting  upon  the 
adaptation  of  native  grapes  to  the  production  of  wine.  Two 
of  the  varieties — the  Catawba  and  the  Isabella — seemed  to 
him  to  possess  the  best  qualities  for  wine  in  that  clim'ate  and 
soil,  and  he  gradually  adopted  these  throughout  his  vine- 
yards, though  not  entirely  to  the  exclusion  of  others.  He 
had  two  hundred  acres  of  vineyards,  and  extensive-  wine- 
vaults  in  the  city,  where  the  vintage  of  each  year  was  stored 
by  itself  to  ripen.  He  also  purchased  wine  and  grape -juice 
in  large  quantities,  to  be  converted  by  his  processes  into  the 
wine  of  commerce.  These  vineyards  eventually  became 
profitable  to  him,  and  to  the  thousands  of  vine-growers  and 
vine-dressers  who  emigrated  from  the  wine  countries  of 
Europe  and  established  themselves  on  the  hill-slopes  of  the 
Ohio,  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati;  but  for  some  years  his 
expenditure  was  greater  than  his  income  from  his  vineyards. 
He  did  not,  however,  confine  his  attention  to  the  culture  of 
the  grape.  He  was  also  much  interested  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  strawberry,  and  published  the  results  of  his 
numerous  experiments  on  the  influence  of  the  sexual  char- 
acter of  the  strawberry  in  rendering  it  productive.  Cin- 
cinnati he  made  famous  for  strawberry  culture ; and  from 
him  the  celebrated  “ Longworth  Prolific  ” derives  its  name. 
In  private  life  he  was  a genial,  kindly,  but  very  eccentric 
man,  dressing  always  in  the  extremest  simplicity  and  plain- 
ness, often  to  the  extent  of  shabbiness.  He  was  singularly 
unostentatious  in  his  display  of  wealth  and  in  his  personal 
habits.  He  was  never  accused  of  meanness  nor  of  illilier- 
ality.  Pie  was  public-spirited  and  useful;  his  brain  ever 
teeming  with  valuable  suggestions  to  the  people.  He  con- 
tributed largely  to  public  charities;  but  his  name  was  rarely 
found  on  published  lists  of  contributors  to  charitable  enter- 
prises. His  gifts  were  made  in  secret,  and  oftenest  to  those 
whom  he  termed  “ the  devil’s  poor  ” — the  vagabonds  and 
estrays  of  social  life.  Many  citizens  of  Cincinnati  cannot 
fail  to  remember  the  winter  when  he  gave  hundreds  of  men 
work  in  his  stone  quarries  on  the  Ohio  river,  above  the 
city;  or,  indeed,  of  his  donating,  each  week,  a sack  of  meal 
to  a large  number  of  equally  poor  women.  It  was  no  de- 
light or  virtue  to  him  to  help  those  who  could  possibly 
receive  sympathy  or  aid  from  others.  He  had  also  a .sys.. 
tern,  which  he  studiously  carried  out,  of  selling  his  land  to 
poor  tenants  on  long  time,  thus  enabling  them  to  pay  for  it 
gradually,  often  deeding  to  widows  of  tenants  half  of  the 
property  leased  by  their  husbands : in  this  way  favoring 
poor  men  in  securing  homes  for  themselves.  He  was  a 
benefactor  to  poor  authors  and  poets,  the  liberal  patron  of 
art  and  the  friend  of  Hiram  Powers.  He  was  a life-long 
Whig,  but  held  no  identity  with  any  political  party,  and 
was  certainly  no  politician.  He  had  as  little  care  and 
respect  for  politicians  as  for  preachers,  being  a determined, 
but  a silent,  opponent  of  the  latter.  Nevertheless,  he  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


t4 

a man  of  high  moral  rectitude  and  a firm  believer  in  the 
Christian  religion ; and  he  attended  the  ministrations  ol 
Rev.  Dr.  Wilson  until  the  death  of  that  eccentric  Presby- 
terian clergyman.  P'or  some  time  Mr.  Longworth  was 
President  of  the  “ Pioneer  Association  of  Cincinnati.”  A 
very  honorable  action  was  taken  by  that  body  on  the  oc- 
casion of  his  death ; as  was  also  the  case  in  the  meeting  of 
the  Cincinnati  bar.  lie  died  in  that  city,  February  loth, 
1863. 


TORRS,  REV.  CHARLES  B.,  first  President  of 
the  Western  Reserve  College,  was  born  at  I.ong 
Meadow,  Massachusetts,  in  May,  1794.  He  was 
a son  of  Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Princeton,  and  studied  theology  at 
Andover.  After  completing  his  studies  he  jour- 
neyed South  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  also  to 
preach  the  gospel  to  the  people  of  that  section.  In  1822 
he  took  up  his  residence  at  Ravenna,  Ohio.  He  remained 
here  as  a minister  of  the  gospel  until  the  spring  of  1828. 
At  this  time  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Christian  Theol- 
ogy m the  Western  Reserve  College,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  in  the  December  following.  The  institution 
was  then  in  its  infancy.  Not  more  than  a score  of  pupils 
were  gathered  there,  and  everything  had  to  be  done  in 
the  direction  of  organiz.ation.  To  this  task  he  devoted  all 
his  energies,  and  his  ability,  industry  and  rare  judgment 
enabled  him  to  accomplish  it  most  successfully.  As  a 
mark  of  appreciation  of  these  preliminary  labors  he  was, 
two  years  subseciuently,  in  1830,  unanimously  elected 
President  of  the  college.  Under  his  careful  management 
and  the  sekction  of  capable  professors  the  institution 
gained  rapidly  in  public  estimation,  and  increased  from 
a mere  handful  to  nearly  one  hundred  scholars.  But  for 
many  years  he  had  been  suffering  from  impaired  health, 
and  in  the  summer  of  1833  he  left  the  institution  to 
travel  for  its  benefit.  He  died,  September  15th  following, 
at  his  brother’s  house  in  Braintree,  Massachusetts.  His 
loss  was  deeply  felt,  for  he  exerted  a powerful  influence  in 
the  community  in  which  he  labored. 


IMPKINSON,  JOHN,  Wholesale  Shoe  Merchant, 
was  born  October  9th,  1812,  in  Belper,  Derby- 
shire, England,  and  was  one  of  a family  of  nine- 
teen children.  His  parents  were  poor,  and  he, 
with  the  rest,  was  compelled  at  an  early  age  to 
exert  himself  for  the  maintenance  of  this  large 
liousehold.  His  first  labors  were  in  a cotton  factory,  at 
which,  when  but  nine  years  old,  he  was  called  upon  to 
work  from  six  A.  M.  until  seven  r.  M.  each  week  day.  By 


promptness  and  industry  he  advanced  beyond  his  fellows, 
and  succeeded  in  obtaining  much  better  wages.  He  left 
the  factory  to  become  a letter  carrier,  a position  not  so  ex- 
acting on  the  physical  powers  as  the  other,  and  held  it  for 
five  years.  While  thus  engaged  he  determined  to  emigrate 
to  America,  and  set  sail  for  it  July  6th,  1828,  arriving  at 
New  York.  Thence  he  proceeded  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  shoemaking,  and  worked  at  it  until  his 
twenty-first  year.  In  this  year  he  married  and  started  in 
business  upon  his  sole  account  in  Allegheny  City.  Soon 
after,  however,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  after  some 
unfortunate  vicissitudes  was  employed  as  salesman  by  John 
Westcott,  shoe  dealer,  and  soon  secured  the  superinten- 
dency of  one  of  that  gentleman’s  five  stores.  In  1840  he 
bought  out  the  establishment  of  William  Hart,  associating 
with  himself  in  this  enterprise  John  Gates,  with  whom  he 
maintained  a partnership  for  two  and  a half  years,  when  he 
purchased  Mr.  Gates’  interest  and  became  sole  owner  of  the 
store  and  its  stock.  Here  he  continued  for  ten  years,  his 
wife  being  his  principal  saleswoman,  and  at  the  expiration 
of  this  period  purchased  and  removed  to  a larger  and  much 
finer  establishment  at  Pearl  and  Main  streets.  West  End, 
where  he  soon  secured  a very  large  wholesale  shoe  trade. 
Here  he  passed  another  period  of  ten  years,  and  at  its  close 
again  removed  to  a still  more  eligible  situation,  and  where 
fresh  prosperity  met  him.  He  admitted  to  partnerships  his 
son  and  brother,  and  this  firm  during  the  civil  war  trans- 
acted business  to  the  amount  of  nearly  two  millions  a year. 
The  house  has  now  a large  company  of  travelling  salesmen, 
and  its  yearly  operations  now  will  aggregate  $600,000  in 
value.  The  germ  of  Mr.  Simpkinson’s  success  is  to  be 
found  in  the  economy,  attention,  and  industrious  persever- 
ance with  which  from  the  outset  he  conducted  his  business, 
his  main  ambition  always  being  to  preserve  and  increase  a 
sound  and  honorable  credit.  Although  frequently  pressed 
for  public  service  he  has  uniformly  declined  office.  He  is, 
however,  a gentleman  of  great  public  spirit,  and  is  active  in 
promoting  the  commercial  welfare  of  the  city.  He  has 
been  for  seventeen  years  President  of  Wesleyan  Cemetery, 
and  is  the  President  of.  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Animals.  Also  President  of  the  Boot  and  Shoe 
Association  since  its  commencement,  President  of  the  Wal- 
nut Hills  & Cincinnati  Street  Railroad  since  its  organiza- 
tion, and  is  Vice-President  of  the  Cincinnati  Exposition. 
Also  Vice-President  of  the  Zoological  Society,  is  Treasurer 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  is  enrolled  in  the  membership  of  the 
City  Temperance  I.eague,  and  President  of  a Smoke  Con- 
sumer and  Fuel  Saving  Society,  and  is  an  ex-member  of 
the  Board  of  Health  and  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Cincinnati  Water  Works.  He  is  a Methodist,  and  is  influ- 
ential as  a churchman.  Having  acquired  a very  large 
fortune,  he  some  time  ago  retired  from  the  cares  of  an 
active  business  life ; but  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his 
copartners  he  again  entered  upon  its  pursuit,  and  in  applica- 
tion and  energy  sets  a notable  example. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


15 


jUINN,  JOHN  JAMES,  M.  D.,  was  born,  June 
5th,  1S26,  in  Philadelphia,  his  parents  being 
natives  of  the  north  of  Ireland.  At  an  early  age 
he  came  with  them  to  Cincinnati,  and  soon  after 
entered  St.  Xavier’s  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated with  honor.  After  the  completion  of  his 
collegiate  course  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
under  the  private  preceptorship  of  the  late  Dr.  I.  P.  Har- 
rison, Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio.  He  attended  regular  courses  for  four  years,  ful- 
fdled  all  the  requirements  of  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in 
Cincinnati,  and  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two  years.  While  studying  in  the  office  of  Professor 
Harrison  and  attending  medical  lectures,  he  filled  for  two 
years  and  a half  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Phil- 
osophy in  St.  Xavier’s  College.  He  has  occupied  the 
offices  of  City  Physician,  Jail  Physician,  Pest  House  Physi- 
cian, Medical  Superintendent  of  the  Hamilton  County 
Lunatic  Asylum,  and  has  been  a member  of  the  medical 
staff  of  both  St.  John’s  and  St.  Mary’s  Hospitals.  Pie  has 
enjoyed  a very  large  and  remunerative  private  practice, 
during  the  leisure  moments  of  which  he  has  written  a 
number  of  articles  on  medical  and  literary  topics  for 
various  journals  throughout  the  country.  He  has  always 
been  prominent  in  the  deliberations  of  the  local  medical 
societies.  At  a meeting  of  the  regular  medical  profession, 
held  at  Mechanics’  Institute,  in  1853,  he  was  appointed  as 
one  of  the  committee  to  look  into  the  condition  of  the 
lunatics  then  in  the  old  Commercial  Hospital.  His  report, 
as  chairman  of  this  committee,  led  to  the  immediate  estab- 
lishment of  a temporary  county  asylum  at  Lick  Run,  and 
subsequently  to  the  erection  of  the  permanent  institution  at 
Long  View.  He  was  for  eight  years  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  Cincinnati  Hospital ; was  also  one  of  the  commissioners 
selected  to  build  the  new  hospital,  and  acted  as  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  latter  Board  and  as  a member  of  its  Building 
Committee.  The  records  of  this  institution  place  him  very 
high  in  the  estimation  of  his  associates.  Twice  was  he 
commissioned  by  the  county  and  city  authorities  to  visit  the 
humanitarian  institutions  of  the  Eastern  States,  to  examine 
and  report  upon  their  sanitary  advantages,  with  a view  to 
their  incorporation  in  the  plans  of  Long  View  and  the  Cin- 
cinnati Hospital.  In  1866,  when  the  city  was  threatened 
with  cholera,  and  no  sanitary  board  or  health  officer  was  in 
existence  to  devise  methods  of  protection,  the  trustees  of 
the  hospital,  one  of  whom  was  Dr.  Quinn,  together  with  a 
Committee  of  the  City  Council,  were  constituted  a Board 
of  Health  for  the  time.  No  physician  exerted  himself  with 
greater  zeal  than  he  to  prepare  the  city  for  the  coming 
scourge  and  to  mitigate  its  ravages.  In  the  following  year, 
by  act  of  the  Legislature,  a permanent  health  department 
was  established  in  that  city,  and  the  position  of  Health 
Officer  created.  Dr.  Quinn  became  its  second  incumbent, 
and  has  recently  been  elected  to  his  third  term  of  .service. 
He  has  perfected  the  department,  and  in  all  its  essentials  it 


compares  most  favorably  with  that  of  any  other  large  city. 
In  1852  he  was  married  to  M.  L.  Slevin,  of  Cincinnati. 
He  is  in  the  prime  of  life,  possesses  an  active  temperament, 
and  continues  his  researches  in  medical  science. 


ERRON,  JOHN  WILLIAMSON,  Lawyer,  was 
born  of  Scotch-Irish  lineage,  on  May  loth,  1827, 
in  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1841, 
when  fourteen  years  of  age,  he  removed  to 
Cbillicothe,  Ohio,  and  resided  there  in  the  family 
of  his  uncle.  Dr.  David  Wills.  From  this  period 
until  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was  a student  at  the  academy 
in  Chillicothe,  under  the  charge  of  William  D.  Wesson. 
In  September,  1843,  entered  the  junior  class  of  Miami 
University,  and  there  gradu.ated  in  1845.  From  this  date 
until  May,  1848,  he  studied  law  with  Thurmair  & Sherer, 
at  Chillicothe,  when  he  was  admitted'  to  the  bar  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati.  In  the  succeeding 
July  he  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  now  resides,  and 
has  ever  since  continued  there  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. The  first  two  years  he  was  alone;  from  1850  to 
January  1st,  1854,  was  in  partnership  with  Rufus  King  and 
Charles  Anderson,  under  the  firm-name  of  King,  Anderson 
& Herron.  From  1854  to  the  present  time  he  has  been  a 
partner  with  J.  C.  Collins.  On  the  7th  of  March,  1854,  he 
was  married  to  Harriet  A.  Collins,  of  Lowville,  New  York, 
a sister  of  his  partner.  Mr.  Herron  has  been  a member 
of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Cincinnati  four  years,  and 
was  a member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Ohio  of 
1873-74,  in  which  body  he  was  a member  of  the  Com- 
mittees on  the  Judiciary  Department,  Private  Corporations 
and  of  Revisions. 

iTVh 

INSMAN,  JUDGE  JOHN,  a Soldier  of  the  War 
for  Independence,  was  born.  May  7th,  1753,  in 
New  London  county,  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  (Thomas)  Kinsman. 
The  family  is  of  English  extraction,  Robeit 
Kinsman,  the  founder  of  the  American  branch, 
having  emigrated  from  Wiltshire,  in  1634,  and  settled  in 
Ipswich,  Massachusetts.  Mrs.  Kinsman,  the  mother  of 
Judge  Kinsman,  was  a sister  of  General  Thomas,  a com- 
manding officer  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  On  the  out- 
break of  that  memorable  contest  between  America  and 
Great  Britain,  Judge  Kinsman  entered  the  colonial  army 
as  Ensign.  He  was  present  and  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  where  he  was  captured,  and  for  a while 
thereafter  was  confined  in  the  notorious  prison  ships  in 
New  York  bay.  Afterw’ards  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  the 
liberty  of  the  city,  on  jrarole,  W'here  he  learned  something 
of  the  hatting  business,  and  after  being  exchanged  engaged 


i6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


in  the  manufacture  of  hats  in  Lisbon,  also  carrying  on  a 
large  farm.  In  1797  he  was  elected  a member  of  the 
Connecticut  Legislature,  and  was  twice  subsequently  re- 
elected. In  1799  he  went  to  Ohio  to  explore  the  lands  of 
the  Western  Reserve,  in  which  he  had  purchased  a large 
interest;  in  1804  he  removed  his  family  to  that  country  and 
settled  on  the  tract  of  sixteen  thousand  acres  he  had  ac- 
quired, which  now  forms  Kinsman  township.  He  was  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  under  the  territorial  government,  and 
took  a prominent  part  in  the  organization  of  Trumbull 
county.  lie  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  first  bank  of 
northern  Ohio,  formerly  known  as  the  Western  Reserve 
B.rnk,  now  the  First  National  Bank  of  Warren.  It  was 
organized  with  a capital  of  $100,000,  of  which  he  sub- 
scribed for  one-fifth  part.  He  married  Rebecca,  daughter 
of  Simon  Perkins,  of  New  London  county,  Connecticut 
(and  sister  of  General  .Simon  Perkins,  of  Warren,  Ohio), 
with  whom  he  had  a family  of  five  children.  lie  died 
August  17th,  1813.  His  widow  survived  him  many  years; 
she  died  May  27th,  1854. 


• ACNEALE,  NEIL,  Safe  Manufacturer,  was  born, 
June  15th,  1826,  in  Rostrevor,  county  Down, 
Ireland.  His  father  was  Major  John  Donald 
Macneale,  17th  Lancers,  British  army,  who 
served  with  distinction  for  twenty  years  in  the 
East  Indies.  He  passed  his  early  life  in  Eng- 
land, where  he  was  educated  with  a view  to  his  following 
the  profession  of  a civil  engineer.  He  then  served  four 
years  with  his  cousin.  Sir  John  Macneale,  the  celebrated 
engineer-in-chief  who  Iniilt  the  earliest  railroad  in  Ireland, 
that  from  Dublin  to  Drogheda.  In  1S49,  when  twenty-' 
three  years  of  age,  he  came  to  America,  and  in  order  to 
make  a beginning  accepted  a position  on  the  Little  Miami 
Railroad,  as  rodman,  at  twenty  dollars  per  month  and  “not 
found;”  in  a few  days  he  rose  to  a higher  place,  at  fifty 
dollars  per  month,  and  ere  the  first  month  closed  to  one 
more  important  and  remunerative.  The  next  year  he  was 
appointed  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Iron  Railroad,  at  $2500 
per  annum,  and  thus  became  identified  with  the  early 
history  of  Ironton,  Ohio.  While  there,  in  the  summer  of 
1851,  he  married  .Sar.ah  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Longhry, 
of  Rockville,  by  whom  he  has  a son  and  a daughter. 
From  1851  to  1853  he  was  Engineer-in-Chief  of  the  Mays- 
ville  & Lexington  Railroad,  Kentucky;  and  from  1853  to 
1857  of  that  of  the  Nashville  & Northwestern  Railroad, 
which  he  located  from  Nashville  to  Hickman,  Kentucky. 
The  commercial  panic  of  1857  for  a season  depre.ssed  rail- 
road construction:  so  in  1859  he  formed  a partnership  with 
W.  B.  Dodds,  in  Cincinnati,  for  the  manufacture  of  mer- 
chants’ and  bankers’  safes.  He  is  now  a partner  in  a suc- 
cessive firm,  that  of  Macneale  & Urban,  formed  in  1868: 
office,  corner  of  Pearl  and  Plum  streets,  Cincinnati.  They 


employ  about  three  hundred  men,  and  the  establishment  is 
one  of  the  three  largest  in  the  Union.  Mr.  Macneale  has  been 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Cincinnati  since  its 
foundation,  in  1868.  He  has  taken  a prominent  part  in 
the  investigation  and  improvement  of  the  facilities  for  the 
transportation  of  freight  to  and  from  Cincinnati ; especially 
that  of  coal  by  railway,  believing  that  with  a continuous 
cheap  supply  of  this  material  it  would  become  one  of  the 
largest  manufacturing  cities  on  the  globe. 


OGERS,  WILLIAM  G.,  Shoe  Manufacturer,  was 
born,  November  25th,  1825,  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio.  His  early  youth  was  spent  in  his  father’s 
mill.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  left  his 
home  to  learn  the  shoe  trade,  working  chiefly  as 
an  apprentice  until  his  nineteenth  year.  In  the 
spring  of  1846  he  arrived  in  Cincinnati  from  Pittsburgh, 
and  expended  his  last  penny  for  a breakfast.  With  poverty 
staring  at  him,  he  started  at  once  upon  a zealous  search  for 
work,  and  before  noon  found  employment  at  Chapin’s  shoe 
factory,  and  remained  one  year,  during  which  he  had 
stored  by  $500.  With  this  small  capital  he  removed  to  the 
west  end  of  the  city,  and  at  190  Hopkins  street  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  women’s  shoes.  By  careful  attention 
to  his  business  he  found  its  growth  very  rapid  and  veiy 
profitable,  and  the  necessity  for  a change  to  larger  quarters 
became  urgent.  He  then  gave  employment  to  150  hands. 
He  moved  to  Central  avenue,  near  George  street,  and 
erected  there  a fine  establishment,  which  in  1853  was 
burned.  He  promptly  fitted  up  a new  place,  and  remained 
on  Central  avenue  until  1855,  when  he  migrated  to  Pearl 
street.  In  1848  he  began  the  wholesale  manufacture  of 
ladies’  shoes.  Ruffun  & Hawkes  had  been  for  some  time 
in  this  line  of  business,  but  were  bought  out  by  Mr. 
Rogers,  who  purchased  all  their  stock  and  fixtures  in  1849. 
He  is  now  the  oldest  wholesale  manufacturer  of  ladies’ 
shoes  in  Cincinnati.  In  1868  he  became  associated  with 
Herne,  Lee  & Pinkard,  and  in  1869,  upder  the  firm-name 
of  W.  G.  Rogers  & Co.,  contracted  with  the  Trustees  of 
the  Workhouse  to  work  seventy-five  of  the  inmates  of  that 
institution  in  the  production  of  shoes.  Manufacturers  pre- 
dicted this  as  a ruinous  enterprise,  but  the  experiment 
became  so  successful  under  the  careful  supervision  of  Mr. 
Rogers  that  the  company  put  in  a bid  for  a contract  to 
cover  five  years,  and  for  the  employment  of  double  the 
number  of  hands  at  an  advance  on  previous  wages.  They 
were  outbid  by  Miles  Greenwood,  and  the  shoe  factory  at 
the  Workhouse  ceased  to  exist.  Mr.  Rogers  became  sole 
proprietor  of  his  company’s  large  establi.shment.  No.  121 
West  Pearl  street,  Cincinnati,  and  has  since  associated  with 
himself  his  son,  W.  C.  Rogers,  an  experienced  and  thorough 
business  man.  His  factory  has  now  the  capacity  for  turn- 
ing out  four  hundred  pairs  each  day,  and  is  stocked  with 


1 


r 


• ■^f  IF»  I •\JI^  -IT— 


- '3® 


V 


‘r-v 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 


7 


the  finest  machinery  and  enjoys  rare  prosperity.  Notwith- 
standing his  losses  by  fire  and.  the  crisis  of  1857,  he  has 
amassed  a comfortable  fortune.  He  is  still  in  the  prime 
of  life,  and  is  constantly  extending  the  boundaries  of  a 
flourishing  trade.  He  was  married  in  1847  to  Ellen  Mc- 
Kiernan,  and  in  1868  was  married  to  Martha  L.  Bausar 


HNG,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  New  York  city, 
his  father  being  of  German  origin.  His  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  the  Marquis  La  Porte,  who 
came  to  the  colonies  with  the  Marquis  Lafayette 
to  aid  them  in  their  struggle  for  independence. 
His  parents  gave  him  a very  liberal  education, 
but  intended  him  for  a mercantile  career.  This  did  not 
suit  his  inclination,  and  he  devoted  a few  of  his  earlier 
years  to  bank-note  engraving,  but  this  occupation  injured 
his  health,  and  failed  in  other  respects  to  satisfy  him.  He 
then  entered  upon  the  study  of  medicine,  for  which  he  had 
always  entertained  a strong  predilection.  A few  years 
after  his  graduation  he  travelled  extensively  over  the 
country,  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the  character  of 
the  diseases  of  its  different  sections,  as  well  as  to  determine 
the  correctness  of  some  favorite  hypotheses  concerning 
these  diseases  and  their  treatment,  many  of  which  have 
subsequently  been  presented  to  the  medical  public  from 
time  to  time  in  his  various  writings.  At  a very  early  period 
of  his  medical  life  he  embraced  what  is  now  termed 
“ Eclecticism,”  and  has  ever  since  been  one  of  its  most 
staunch  adherents  and  supporters.  \Yhile  practising  his 
profession  he  bestowed  considerable  attention  upon  various 
scientific  matters,  besides  delivering  many  public  lectures 
upon  medicine,  hygiene,  etc.  In  1835  he  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  to  crowded  audiences  at  the  Mechanics’ 
Institute,  in  the  City  Hall  of  New  York,  upon  magnetism 
and  its  relations  to  the  earth,  to  geology,  to  astronomy  and 
to  physiology,  which  were  received  with  great  enthusiasm. 
A similar  success  followed  a subsequent  delivery  of  these 
lectures  before  the  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  Lyceum. 
Many  novel  ideas  were  advanced  and  well  sustained 
these  lectures,  some  of  which  were  entirely  in  opposition  to 
the  general  views  of  scientists,  especially  with  reference  to 
the  source  of  heat  and  light,  planetary  movements,  origin 
of  comets,  the  age  and  final  destruction  of  the  earth,  etc., 
and  which  he  still  maintains  to  be  correct.  In  1846  he 
was  induced  to  move  West,  where  he  finally  located 
Cincinnati.  In  1849  he  was  called  from  that  city  to  occupy 
the  chair  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics  and  Medical 
Jurisprudence  in  the  Memphis  University,  Tennessee, 
which  position  he  held  until  1851,  when  he  accepted  the 
Professorship  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati, 
which  chair  he  still  occupies.  In  1844,  after  having  used 
the  article  for  several  years  previously,  he  introduced  to  the 
3 


profession  for  the  first  time  the  resin  of  podophyllum  as  a 
remedial  agent,  and  subsequently  the  resin  of  black  cohosh, 
and  several  other  new  medicinal  preparations  that  are  at 
this  time  in  high  favor  with  all  schools  of  medicine. 
Among  the  several  instruments  invented  by  him  may  be 
named  a very  simple  and  correct  pelvimeter ; a powder- 
spray  instrument,  by  means  of  which  a most  delicate  or 
profuse  stream  of  finely  powdered  articles  may  be  thrown 
upon  any  part  of  the  body ; also  a double  catheter,  for  the 
purpose  of  applying  fluid  preparations  to  any  portion  of  the 
urethral  canal,  and  of  any  length,  without  involving  the 
whole  membrane  lining  this  passage.  In  addition  to  his 
voluminous  writings  upon  medical  and  other  subjects,  that 
have  from  time  to  time  appeared  in  various  journals  and 
papers,  the  following  works  are  also  from  his  pen  : “ The 
American  Dispensatory”  (1853),  which  has  passed  through 
eight  editions;  “American  Obstetrics”  {1855),  of  which 
three  editions  have  been  issued  ; “ Women  : Their  Diseases 
and  their  Treatment  ” (1858);  “The  Microscopist’s  Com- 
panion ” (1859);  “The  American  Family  Physician” 
(i860);  and  in  1866  he  published  his  celebrated  work  on 
“ Chronic  Diseases.”  He  has  for  several  years  attended  to 
office  practice  only  in  Cincinnati,  his  residence  being  at 
North  Bend.  He  is  a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Eclectic 
Medical  Society,  also  of  the  National  Eclectic  Medical 
Association,  and  has  filled  several  honorable  positions  in 
civil  life. 

TIFEL,  ADAM,  Merchant,  was  born,  September 
5th,  1809,  in  Neuffen,  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
and  was  the  tenth  of  seventeen  children,  whose 
parents  were  John  A.  Stifel  and  Susanna  Schew. 
His  father  followed  through  life  the  occupation 
of  a tanner,  and  died,  September  l8th,  1847,  in 
Neuffen,  having  reached  the  venerable  age  of  eighty-two 
years.  His  mother  died  in  the  year  following,  on  a steam- 
boat plying  on  the  Mississippi,  being  then  on  her  way  from 
Germany  to  see  her  son  in  Cincinnati.  In  his  sixteenth 
year  Adam  began  active  life  as  a cabinetmaker  near  Wur- 
temberg, and  pursued  this  trade  industriously  for  a long 
period.  In  1836  he  emigrated  to  America,  landing  at  New 
York  on  his  birthday.  He  remained  in  that  city  for  two 
years,  working  at  his  trade,  and  then  went  to  St.  Joseph, 
Florida,  and  thence  in  a few  days  to  Columbus,  Georgia, 
where  he  pursued  his  calling  for  eight  months.  The  spirit 
of  migration  seizing  him  again,  he  travelled  to  Phila- 
delphia, west  again  to  Wheeling,  Virginia,  and  then,  having 
spent  a short  time  in  both  these  cities,  he  moved  to  Cin- 
cinnati, arriving  there  in  1839.  After  working  five  monihs 
here  in  the  manufacture  of  organs,  he  went  south  to  New 
Orleans,  where  he  failed  to  secure  immediate  employment 
at  his  trade,  and  commenced  to  deal  in  eggs,  keeping  this 
business  with  profit  for  six  months.  He  now  returned  to 
Cincinnati,  and  spent  another  half  year  at  carpentering. 


i8 


lilOGRAl'IlICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


and  then  returned  to  New  Orleans,  and  for  six  months  at  a j 
time  lived  alternately  in  these  two  cities  for  six  years,  work- 
ing as  a mechanic  in  one  and  merchandising  in  the  other. 
Since  1845  he  has  lived,  with  the  exception  of  a short  | 
period,  in  or  near  Cincinnati.  This  exception  was  during 
1850,  when  the  glowing  accounts  from  that  Eldorado  led 
him  with  thousands  of  others  to  California.  His  route  to 
the  Pacific  coast  was  by  the  way  of  the  Ohio  and  Missis-  ' 
sippi,  across  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  isthmus,  and 
thence  by  boat  via  the  Sandwich  Islands.  His  search  was 
unsuccessful,  and  he  soon  returned.  Since  1852  his  busi- 
ness in  Cincinnati  has  been  mainly  that  of  a manufacturer 
and  dealer  in  liquors,  and  this  pursuit  he  conducted  with 
great  energy  and  success.  In  iS65  he  retired  with  an 
ample  fortune,  and  has  since  resided  in  an  elegant  mansion 
in  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward  of  Cincinnati.  He  has  been 
married  twice:  on  the  27th  of  October,  1841,  to  Christina 
Wilhelmina  Haller,  a native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  had 
three  children,  and  who  died  June  8th,  1846;  and  to  | 
Augusta  Louisa  Stark,  a native  of  Germany,  on  the  i6th  | 
of  January,  1848,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children,  and  j 
who  still  lives  in  the  enjoyment  of  good  health.  He  ac- 
knowledges allegiance  to  no  political  party,  and  invariably 
supports  that  man  for  office,  high  or  low,  who  merits  it 
most.  He  is  a member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  His 
whole  life  is  a chapter  of  unexampled  activity  and  industry. 
His  undismayed  perseverance  has  triumphed  over  great 
obstacles  and  won  for  him  at  last  a fortune  which  he  enjoys 
in  his  declining  years.  He  at  one  time  worked  with 
Matthias  Schwab,  the  celebrated  organ  builder,  a sketch 
of  whose  life  will  be  found  in  this  volume,  and  during 
one  of  his  many  eventful  years  had  under  cultivation 
a fine  vineyard  of  ten  acres. 


«CUr)DER,  JOHN  M.,  Physician,  Lecturer  on 
Medicine,  Author  and  Editor,  was  born  in  Ham- 
ilton county,  Ohio,  September  8th,  1829.  loosing 
his  father  at  an  early  age  he  was  thrown  upon 
his  own  resources  for  sustenance  and  education, 
so  that  the  business  of  his  life  was  not  actively 
commenced  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty-six. 
He  was  educated  at  Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio,  and 
received  his  professional  instruction  at  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Institute  of  Cincinnati,  being  appointed  to  a professorship 
in  the  latter  in  the  year  following  his  graduation,  which 
occurred  in  1856.  Since  then  he  has  held  a prominent 
place  as  a teacher,  having  filled  the  chairs  of  Anatomy, 
Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women,  of  Pathology  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine.  As  an  author  he  has  been  extremely 
successful,  having  published  the  following  works:  “A  Prac- 
tical Treatise  on  Diseases  of  Women”  (1858);  “Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics  ” (i860);  “The  Eclectic  Practice 


of  Medicine  ”( 1864) ; “ On  the  Use  of  Inhalation”  (1865); 
“Domestic  Medicine”  (1866);  “The  Principles  of  Medi- 
cine” (1867);  “Diseases  of  Children”  (1869);  “Specific 
Medication”  (1871.);  “On  the  Reproductive  Organs  and 
the  Venereal”  {1874);  “Specific  Diagnosis”  (1874).  In 
addition  to  this  large  amount  of  literary  work  he  has  edited 
and  published  The  Eclectic  Medical  yournal  since  1862. 
He  has  by  his  unexampled  industry  accumulated  quite  a 
large  fortune,  and  is  through  it  enabled  now  to  retire  from 
the  more  arduous  duties  of  his  exacting  profession.  He 
owns  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  its 
manager  as  well  as  one  of  its  lecturers.  He  has  raised  this 
institution  to  high  position  among  the  scientific  schools  of 
the  country,  and  its  large  and  steadily  increasing  alumni, 
scattered  throughout  the  land,  carry  in  the  thoroughness  of 
their  practice  the  best  commendation  of  its  unexcelled  ex- 
cellence. P'ew  writers  have  accomplished  so  much  in  the 
dissemination  of  medical  lore  as  Dr.  Scudder.  His  works 
are  regarded  as  authorities,  and  have  attained  a very  large 
sale.  He  is  a member  of  most  of  the  eclectic  societies  of 
the  United  States,  and  is  still  ceaselessly  active  in  the  study 
of  the  constantly  developing  science  of  medicine. 


UMNER,  WILLIAM,  Capitalist,  President  and 
Director,  was  born  in  Tolland,  Tolland  county, 
Connecticut,  April  3d,  1826,  and  is  the  son  of 
William  A.  and  Anna  Washburn  Sumner.  His 
lineage  is  Plnglish.  His  great-great-grandfather. 
Dr.  William  Sumner,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, settled  in  Hebron,  Tolland  county,  Connecticut, 
in  1725,  and  was  the  grandson  of  William  Sumner,  who 
came  from  England  in  1636.  William  A.  Sumner,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a farmer,  honored 
and  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  of  a 
family  of  ten  children,  all  of  whom  lived  to  old  age,  the 
youngest  being  fifty-seven  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  her 
death.  The  William  Sumner  whose  biography  we  here 
present  w'as  the  fifth  child  in  a family  of  nine  children,  all 
of  whom  attained  their  majority,  and  all,  save  one,  are  now 
living.  His  opportunities  for  acquiring  an  education  w'ere 
confined  entirely  to  the  district  school  near  his  father’s 
farm,  with  the  exception  of  a few'  months  in  a select  school 
in  his  native  county.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  to 
teach  a common  school,  and  during  the  winter  months 
continued  in  that  occupation  for  four  years.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  began  business  for  himself,  but  w'as  soon 
obliged  fo  relinquish  it  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  then 
entered  the  office  of  Hon.  Z.  A.  Storrs,  of  Tolland,  Con- 
necticut, and  read  law.  Soon  after  his  admission  to  the 
bar  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  which  position  he  continued  to  occupy  and  at  the 
same  time  to  practise  his  profession  until  the  autumn  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


‘9 


1855.  In  the  following  winter,  feeling  a desire  for  a larger 
field  of  operations,  he  bade  adieu  to  his  loved  home  and 
visited  the  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Illinois.  He  remained 
in  the  Northwest  until  the  autumn  of  1857,  .spending  a 
large  portion  of  his  time  in  Chicago.  Business  in  that 
section  proving  neither  pleasant  nor  profitable,  and  his 
health  requiring  a more  active  occupation,  he  went  to 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  at  once  entered  into  business 
with  his  brother,  Augustus  Sumner,  who  was  the  real 
pioneer  in  the  West  of  the  sewing  machine  business.  In 
the  spring  of  1858  William  Sumner  and  John  R.  Wright 
bought  out  the  interest  of  Augustus  Sumner,  and  became 
agents  for  the  Wheeler  & Wilson  Sewing  Machine  Com- 
pany for  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Kentucky,  with 
head-quarters  in  Cincinnati.  They  began  business  under 
the  firm-name  of  William  Sumner  & Co.,  which  name  was 
retained  to  the  end  of  their  copartnership.  In  i860  the 
business  thus  auspiciously  commenced  was  e.xtended  by 
purchase  into  W^estern  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr. 
Sumner  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  remained  more 
than  a year,  and  then,  in  1862,  settled  permanently  in  Cin- 
cinnati. Perhaps  in  no  one  thing  has  Mr.  Sumner  shown 
his  great  executive  ability  more  than  in  originating  and  re- 
ducing to  practice  the  system  of  selling  sewing  machines 
from  wagons,  and  thus  delivering  them  to  the  purchaser  at 
his  own  residence.  This  plan  proved  so  very  successful 
that  it  was  adopted  by  most  of  the  other  sewing  machine 
companies,  and  was  the  means  of  increasing  the  business 
to  millions  of  dollars  per  year.  The  firm  of  William 
Sumner  & Co.  had  more  than  five  hundred  men,  a like 
number  of  wagons,  and  a larger  number  of  horses  and 
harnesses  employed  in  thus  selling  and  delivering  sewing 
machines.  The  plan  of  reporting  every  Saturday  night 
through  the  sub-offices  to  the  principal  office  in  Cincinnati, 
when  put  into  practice,  with  William  Sumner  & Co.’s 
other  plan  of  selling  machines,  was  so  nearly  perfect  that, 
notwithstanding  the  large  number  of  men  and  equipments 
which  were  scattered  all  over  the  five  States  above  re- 
ferred to  and  the  millions  of  dollars  which  passed  through 
so  many  hands,  the  loss  was  comparatively  very  small. 
Mr.  Sumner  retained  the  supervision  of  this  great  business 
until  January  1st,  1873,  although  his  direct  interest  ceased 
one  year  earlier.  He  is  now  President  of  the  Strobridge 
Lithographic  Company,  director  of  the  Amizon  Fire 
Insurance  Company  and  of  the  Cincinnati  Savings  Society, 
and  one  of  the  twenty-five  members  of  the  Committee 
of  Safety  of  Cincinnati.  From  his  youth  he  has  spent 
more  time  in  making  money  for  others  than  for  himself. 
The  Young  Men’s  Christian  A.ssociation,  Children’s  Home, 
Union  Bethel,  missionary  associations,  and  the  poor, 
“ which  he  has  always  with  him,”  are  objects  of  his 
beneficence.  His  residence  on  Walnut  Hills,  one  of  the 
charming  suburbs  of  the  city,  is  noted  for  its  architectural 
beauty.  Oh  December  loth,  1857,  he  was  married  to 
Juliaette  C.  Bishop,  of  Tolland,  Connecticut.  Three 


children  have  been  born  of  that  union,  of  which  only 
one,  a daughter,  is  now  living. 


ACE,  JOHN  S.,  Farmer  and  Stock  Drover,  was 
born.  May  17th,  1827,  four  miles  north  of  Chilli- 
cothe,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  youngest 
of  four  children,  whose  parents  were  the  late 
John  and  Nancy  (Dunlap)  Mace.  The  former 
was  a native  of  Virginia  and  a farmer  by  occu- 
pation. He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Ohio,  having 
as  far  back  as  1798  located  at  a spot  in  Ro.ss  county  where 
he  resided  until  his  death,  October  3d,  1857.  During  the 
war  of  1812  he  was  a soldier  in  the  regiment  commanded 
by  Colonel  James  Dunlap,  and  finally  married  his  daughter; 
she  was  a native  of  Kentucky.  She  died,  July  27th,  1827, 
leaving  her  youngest  child,  John  S.,  an  infant  of  ten  weeks 
old.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  has  followed  his 
father’s  calling.  His  education  was  only  that  obtained  in 
the  common  schools  of  the  district.  In  addition  to  his  avo- 
cation as  a farmer  he  has  devoted  considerable  attention  to 
stock  raising.  Politically,  he  is  a Democrat,  and  in  1868 
was  elected  High  Sheriff  of  Ross  county,  holding  that  office 
until  1872,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  half  brother, 
Felix  B.  Mace.  Isaac  Mace,  an  uncle  of  John  S.  Mace, 
and  a successful  farmer,  who  died  on  July  3d,  1875,  was 
born  in  what  is  now  Ross  county  (then  a Territory),  on 
October  12th,  1798.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
white  male  child  born  in  Ross  county. 


ARVIN,  SYLVESTER  IL,  Advertising  Agent, 
was  born  at  Bridgeton,  New  Jer.sey,  June  23d, 
1815,  and  is  the  son  of  Holmes  Parvin  (a  Meth- 
odist minister)  and  Elizabeth  Dare.  In  1837  he 
came  to  Cincinnati,  and  finished  his  education  at 
Old  Woodward.  On  March  27th,  1851,  he  es- 
tablished an  advertising  agency  at  Cincinnati.  It  was  the 
first  agency  of  the  kind  ever  undertaken  west  of  the  Alle- 
jnenies.  Advertising  was  then  in  its  infancy,  and  it  was 
only  by  uniting  with  it  other  sources  of  support  that  he 
could  at  first  maintain  himself.  The  largest  merchants 
then  rarely  exceeded  an  expenditure  for  advertising  of 
over  ^200  or  ^300;  now  $30,000  and  $40,000  are  paid 
by  some  establishments,  the  business  having  attained  large 
proportions.  Mr.  Parvin  still  continues  in  this  business, 
assisted  by  his  son,  George  S.  Parvin,  at  168  Vine  street, 
Cincinnati.  He  is  one  of  the  three  founders,  and  the  largest 
proprietor,  of  Norwood,  one  of  the  suburbs  of  Cincinnati, 
on  the  line  of  the  Marietta  and  Cincinnati  Railroad,  a place 
that  is  destined  to  become  noted  from  the  extraordinary 
beauty  of  its  location.  It  is  on  a high  elevation,  and  on  the 
summit  is  a curiosity,  a large  Indian  mound,  with  a noble 
outlook  upon  a picturesque  country. 


20 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


RUDEN,  IION.  ANDREW  J.,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
January  19th,  iSiS,  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  tlie 
fifth  of  seven  children,  whose  parents  were  Ehe- 
iiczer  and  Mary  Pruden,  the  maiden  name  of  the 
latter  having  been  Leonard.  Both  the  latter  were 
natives  of  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  and  went  to 
reside  in  Cincinnati  in  iSoS.  In  those  early  times  there 
were  no  rapid  modes  of  transit,  and  they  only  reached  the 
city  of  their  subsequent  residence  by  lumbering  coach  and 
slow  flat-boat.  Ebenezer  Pruden  followed  through  life  the 
occupation  of  a brick-mason,  and  became  a master  mechanic 
of  no  inconsiderable  reputation.  Some  of  the  finest  private 
and  public  buildings  in  Cincinnati  are  adorned  by  the  speci- 
mens of  his  skill  and  ingenuity.  He  died  in  1863,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-seven  years,  just  two  years  after  the  decease 
of  his  partner,  who  had  reached  the  age  of  eighty-one.  The 
education  of  Andrew  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools 
of  Cincinnati,  and  by  assiduity  he  made  rapid  progress  in 
his  studies.  In  1835  he  commenced  work  on  a farm  in 
Warren  county,  Ohio,  owned  by  his  father,  and  spent  two 
years  upon  it.  Returning  to  Cincinnati  he  entered  Wood- 
ward College,  and  pursued  the  various  studies  in  its  curric- 
ulum for  two  years,  and  then  commenced  to  read  law  with 
David  Van  Matre,  for  the  practice  of  which  he  had  a long- 
ing ambition.  This  new  field  of  scientific  thought  occupied 
his  attention  closely,  and  when  in  December,  1S41,  two 
years  after  his  commencement  of  the  study,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  he  was  in  the  possession  of  a much  profounder 
knowledge  of  its  theory  than  that  which  has  been  won  by 
students  of  longer  years.  He  commenced  practice  imme- 
diately upon  his  admission,  and  with  but  little  intermission 
this  has  claimed  his  sole  attention  and  ability  ever  since. 
In  1846  he  was  elected  member  of  the  Cincinnati  City 
Councils,  and  was  four  times  successively  re-elected,  going 
out  with  the  close  of  the  year  1849.  October  of  this  year 
he  was  by  his  constituents  sent  to  the  .State  Legislature,  and 
in  this  capacity  rendered  conspicuous  service  in  the  interests 
of  the  city  and  commonwealth.  In  the  fall  of  1850  he  was 
chosen  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and 
by  a re-election  in  1852  served  in  this  office  until  January, 
1855,  during  which  time  he  succeeded  in  making  for  him- 
self as  fine  a record  as  any  man  that  had  ever  held  that  posi- 
tion, and  went  out  of  office  very  popular.  In  the  fall  of 
1854  the  Know-Nothing  party  had  carried  the  city  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  by  a majority  of  over  5000  votes,  when  the 
Democratic  party  had  small  hopes  of  success,  but  thought 
if  they  could  get  their  late  Prosecuting  Attorney  to  accept 
the  nomination  that  his  name  w'ould  be  a tower  of  strength 
to  them,  and  he  might  be  elected  ; therefore  he  was  nomi- 
nated to  the  office  of  Police  Judge  of  the  City  of  Cincinnati, 
together  with  James  J.  Farren  for  Mayor,  and  they  were 
accordingly  elected  by  a handsome  majority.  His  fine  judi- 
cial record  on  this  bench  secured  his  re-election  in  1857, 
and  in  this  capacity  he  completed  his  labors  in  1859.  From 
his  retirement  from  the  bench  until  November,  i860,  he  w'as 


prominently  identified  in  labors  connected  with  the  con- 
struction of  the  Atlantic  & Great  Western  Railroad,  and 
upon  the  completion  of  this  service  resumed  his  practice, 
wdiich  has  since  e.\clusively  confined  his  attention.  He  was 
married,  August  19th,  1S41,  to  Mary  A.  Powell,  by  whom 
he  is  the  father  of  si.x  children.  His  life  has  been  one  of 
great  mental  and  physical  activity.  His  record  for  acute 
analyzation  and  cogent  reasoning  is  scarcely  surpassed  by 
that  of  any  other  jurist.  He  has  been  from  an  early  age  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and,  like  his  father, 
has  adhered  to  the  principles  of  sterling  Democracy.  As  a 
City  Councilman  he  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  securing 
the  much-needed  change  from  the  soft  limestone  to  the 
present  boulder  system  of  grading  the  streets  of  Cincinnati. 
To  his  labors  in  no  small  degree  is  due  the  erection  of  the 
House  of  Refuge,  the  Hamilton  County  Infirmary,  and 
numerous  other  public  institutions.  He  is  a man  of  exten- 
sive social  and  political  influence,  and  is  highly  esteemed  by 
his  fellow-citizens. 


LLEN,  WILLIAM  IL,  lately  a Wholesale  Jeweler, 
W'as  born  in  Douglas,  Massachusetts,  November 
loth,  1813,  and  is  of  English  extraction.  When 
Init  three  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to 
Providence,  and  in  the  common  schools  of  Rhode 
Island  he  received  his  education.  He  first  served 
a regular  apprenticeship  in  learning  to  manufacture  high- 
back  combs  for  ladies.  In  1833  the  fashion  w’as  changed, 
so  that  such  combs  were  generally  discarded,  and,  conse- 
quently, the  manufacturing  establishments  of  such  ornaments 
were  ruined,  and  Mr.  Allen  found  the  trade  he  had  been  so 
long  in  acquiring  was  of  no  value  W'hatever.  In  1835,  being 
a young  man,  he  resolved  to  go  West;  and  at  once  started 
on  his  long,  and  at  that  time  tedious,  journey.  When  he 
had  reached  Cleveland  he  found  that  he  had  exhausted  his 
funds,  but  with  the  exercise  of  his  “ Yankee  w'it  ” succeeded 
in  reaching  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  w’here  he  became  permanently 
located.  In  1836  he  joined  his  elder  brother,  Caleb,  in 
manufacturing  silverware — this  being  the  first  manufacturing 
establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  West.  By  their  great  in- 
dustry, punctuality  and  devotion  to  their  work,  their  busi- 
ness rapidly  increased,  and  they  became  in  a very  short  time 
wholesale  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  silver  jewelry.  This 
business,  w'hich  opened  so  auspiciously,  was  guarded  by  the 
zeal  and  honesty  peculiar  to  the  best  religious  people  of 
New  England  ; and  although  these  two  brothers  continued 
in  their  wholesale  business  until  1872 — thirty-six  years — 
they  never  in  all  that  time  had  a note,  check  or  draft  pro- 
tested. No  purer  or  more  conscientious  business  men  have 
ever  resided  in  the  “ Queen  City  of  the  West.”  Mr.  Allen 
has  ever  been  deeply  interested  in  all  religious  matters. 
Early  uniting  with  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  he  was 
elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  in  1865,  and 
continued  to  serve  till  1869.  On  November  20th,  1C60,  he 


BIOGRArinCAl.  ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 


21 


VMS  elected  a Ruling  Elder  of  the  church,  and  continues  to 
hold  that  office.  He  is  one  of  the  Superintendents  of  the 
Sabbath-school,  which  is  the  largest  in  the  city.  He  is 
generous  especially  in  providing  for  the  poor  of  tlie  church; 
no  one  in  any  way  connected  with  .it  can  want  for  any  of 
the  necessaries  of  life  while  he  is  able  to  relieve  their  wants. 
In  this  he  is  greatly  aided  by  his  lovely  and  accomplished 
wife.  He  is  a Director  of  one  or  more  insurance  com- 
panies. Mr.  Allen  was  married,  March  l8th,  1841,  to  Maiy 
D.  Mann,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  They  have  no  children. 


fELISH,  REV.  THOMAS  J.,  a citizen  of  long 
standing  of  Cincinnati,  and  although  a minister  a 
gentleman  of  means,  invested  in  real  estate  and 
^ in  manufacturing  business,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
>0  pliia  on  June  14th,  1822.  His  father,  John 
Melish,  was  an  eminent  citizen  of  Philadelphia, 
and  an  author  of  two  volumes  of  travels  and  several  geo- 
graphical and  topographical  works.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  graduated  at  Bethany  College,  Virginia,  in  1846, 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Bacon  College,  Ken- 
tucky. After  leaving  college  he  spent  one  year  in  New 
Vork  city  as  a stated  supply  for  one  of  the  churches.  In 
1847  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  to  take  charge  of  a church, 
where  he  was  regularly  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry,  and 
spent  nearly  three  years  as  editor  of  the  Christian  Age,  a 
paper  which  is  still  published  in  Cincinnati  under  the  more 
ambitious  title  of  American  Christian  Review.  In  1849  he 
was  married  to  the  eldest  daughter  of  William  Bromwell,  a 
manufacturer  of  Cincinnati,  who  commenced  busine.ss  in 
1819  and  continued  with  success  until  1866,  when  he  retired 
to  private  life*.  From  1850  to  1851  Mr.  Melish  was  in 
Wilmington,  Ohio,  in  charge  of  a congregation,  and  returned 
to  the  “Queen  City”  in  the  autumn  of  1851,  when  he  be- 
came a partner  with  his  father-in-law.  From  that  time  to 
the  present  he  has  continued  a member  of  the  firm,  which 
is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brushes  and  wire  goods. 
It  bears  the  style  of  The  Bromwell  Manufacturing  Company, 
of  which  Mr.  Melish  is  the  President  and  principal  owner. 
It  is  one  of  the  oldest  establishments  in  Cincinnati,  and  one 
of  the  leading  houses  in  its  line  in  the  United  .States,  pos- 
sessing ample  means  and  of  the  highest  grade  of  credit.  It 
employs  about  one  hundred  hands,  with  sales  approximating 
one  quarter  of  a million  dollars  per  annum.  Its  elegant 
five-.story  store  with  cut-stone  front,  on  Walnut  street,  next 
door  to  the  Gibson  House,  fonns  one  of  the  ornaments  of 
the  mercantile  portions  of  the  city.  Although  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  has  thus  been  successfully  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business  for  twenty-five  years,  he  has  never  ceased  to  be 
interested  in  the  profession  for  which  he  was  educated. 
From  1864  to  1872  he  edited  the  Cincinnati  yournal  and 
Messenger,  the  Baptist  organ  for  Ohio,  and  since  then  for 


the  last  three  years  he  has  continued  Corresponding  Editor 
of  the  Baptist  Union,  a paper  published  in  New  Vork  city, 
and  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Christian  union  from  the 
Baptist  point  of  view.  To  the  subject  of  Christian  unity  he 
has  been  much  devoted.  His  interest  in  any  form  of  de- 
nominationalism  has  been  always  subordinate  to  the  highest 
end  of  uniting  Christians  into  one  body.  He  has  recently 
been  a moving  spirit  in  a practical  effort  to  unite  Christians 
organically.  At  a Union  Convention,  held  in  eastern  Vir- 
ginia, he  was  elected  President,  and  requested  to  act  as 
general  superintendent  of  the  interests  of  the  movement. 
Warmly  interested  in  the  temperance  reform,  he  has  attained 
the  honor  by  election  of  Grand  Worthy  Patriarch  of  the  Sons 
of  Temperance  of  Ohio,  an  office  he  held  during  the  usual 
term.  He  resides  in  Milford,  a suburban  village,  where  he 
has  a most  eligible  commodious  and  attractive  home. 


MITH,  IIENRV  A.,  D.D.S.,  Dentist,  was  born, 
February  28th,  1833,  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  the  seat 
of  Miami  University,  and  generally  noted  for  its 
educational  institutions.  He  enjoyed  special  ad- 
vantages in  study,  and  is  a gentleman  of  fine  liter- 
ary culture  and  rare  tpHniical  skill.  After  leav- 
ing school  he  spent  a few  years  in  his  father’s  manufactory, 
where  he  gratified  an  inclination  for  the  mechanic  arts. 
Desiring  to  travel  before  fixing  definitely  upon  his  vocatiod 
for  life,  he  left  his  home  and  visited  many  .points  of  intere^ 
in  the  United  States,  Cuba,  Central  America,  remaining  for 
more  than  a year  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Upon  his  return  to 
Oxford  he  frequented  the  office  of  Dr.  George  W.  Keeley, 
and  by  accident  rather  than  by  design  fell  into  the  dentistry 
as  his  pursuit  for  life.  He  attended  two  courses  of  lectures  in 
t'le  Olrio  Coliege  of  Dental  Surgery,  and  meanwhile  closely 
pursued  his  studies  under  the  mentorship  of  Dr.  Keeley.  In 
1857  he  received  his  degree  of  D.D..S.,  and  for  one  year 
after  this  event  was  associated  with  Dr.  Keeley  in  Oxford. 
In  1859  he  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Clinical  Den- 
tistry in  the  college  which  honored  him  with  its  degree,  and 
filled  this  position  for  three  years.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
to  the  chair  of  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Metallurgy  in  the 
same  institution,  and  retained  it  for  three  years.  In  the 
winter  of  1859  he  located  permanently  in  Cincinnati,  and 
has  since  devoted  his  time  and  careful  labors  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  dental  science.  He  is  an  active  participator 
in  the  work  of  many  of  the  dental  societies  of  the  country. 
He  has  a membership  in  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Ohio 
Dental  College ; Ohio  Dental  College  Association ; Ohio 
State  Dental  .Society ; Mississippi  Valley  Association  of  Den- 
tists; American  Dental  Association;  and  is  a member  of 
the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners.  Of  some  of 
these  organizations  he  has  been  presiding  officer.  In  the 
confirmed  opinion  that  the  true  mission  of  dental  science 
looks  rather  to  the  preservation  of  the  natural  teeth  than  to 


22 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


their  replacement  by  artificial  substitutes,  and  that  there  is 
quite  enough  in  the  surgical,  or  operative,  department  to  re- 
ceive the  undivided  attention  of  the  practitioner  who  wishes 
to  excel,  he  has  labored  industriously  to  perfect  himself  in 
operative  dentistry,  and  takes  rank  among  the  best  of  the 
dav  in  this  special  department  of  practice. 


^RUE,  BEN7AMIN  CUMMINGS,  Lawyer,  was 
born,  June  8th,  i8oS,  in  Goslien,  Sullivan  county. 
New  Hampshire,  and  was  the  fourth  child  of 
Daniel  and  Polly  Bartlett  True.  His  father  was 
a house-joiner  and  cabinet-maker,  and  was  a na- 
tive of  Chester,  New  Hampshire,  surviving  the 
birth  of  this  son  only  five  years.  Benjamin  comes  from 
a family  of  Revolutionary  renown  in  that  State.  It  was  said 
of  them  that  no  male  member  on  either  the  paternal  or  ma- 
ternal side,  of  sufficient  age  and  capable  of  bearing  arms, 
failed  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  historic  struggle  of  the 
American  colonies  against  Great  Britain.  Upon  the  maternal 
side  were  the  Bartletts  and  Belknaps,  who  were  prominent 
committee-men.  Congressmen,  and  workers  in  every  field  of 
patriotic  effort.  They  were  distinguished  in  literature  also, 
and  particularly  as  historians.  The  education  of  Benjamin 
was  of  that  necessarily  meagre  sort  to  be  obtained  by  a con- 
stantly interrupted  attendance  at  a school  located  in  a 
sparsely  populated  section.  After  his  sixth  year  his  lot  was 
cast  among  strangers,  and  what  he  subsequently  acquired 
was  the  hard-won  fruit  of  rugged  toil.  Until  his  sixteenth 
year  he  was  occupied  on  a farm,  and  then  he  removed  to 
Albany,  New  York,  where  he  lived  continuously  for  twenty- 
two  years.  His  main  employment  in  that  city  was  gun- 
making, and  for  several  years  he  had  charge  of  the  State 
Arsenal  located  there.  He  became  subsequently  a die- 
sinker,  at  which  he  was  exceedingly  expert,  and  added  to 
this  trade  that  of  engraving.  In  1832  he  married  Mary 
Thayer,  a lineal  descendant  of  the  “ Mayflower”  stock  ; and 
in  1846  he  left  Albany  for  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  ever 
since  resided.  He  followed  die-sinking  and  engraving  in 
this  city  for  some  years.  In  i860  he  was  elected  Magistrate, 
and  carefully  employed  his  time  in  perfecting  himself  in  the 
study  of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  April  22d, 
1 868,  and  in  1871  was  enrolled  upon  the  list  of  attorneys 
practising  in  the  United  States  Circuit  and  District  Courts. 
Since  that  time  he  has  followed  his  profession,  varying  this 
practice  with  the  duties  of  the  office  of  a Magistrate,  which 
he  still  holds.  By  close  reading  and  keen  observation  he 
has  acquired  a fair  knowledge  not  alone  of  the  science  of 
law  but  of  general  literature,  and  his  many  contributions  to 
the  various  magazines  and  newspapers  show  him  to  be  the 
possessor  of  a trenchant  as  well  as  poetic  pen.  He  has  long 
been  an  earnest  Mason  and  Odd  Fellow,  and  manifests  at 
all  times  a deep  regard  for  the  interests  of  these  esoteric 


fraternities.  In  politics  he  is  a liberal,  and  in  religion  he 
holds  to  no  particular  creed  or  doctrine.  As  a note  histori- 
cal, it  may  be  said  that  he  is  a lineal  descendant  of  Hannah 
Bradbury,  who  was  condemned  to  execution  for  witchcraft 
in  the  early  days  of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  but  who,  from 
some  cause  which  histoiy  does  not  explain,  escaped  that 
terrible  fate. 


UGH,  ACHILLES,  Printer,  is  descended  from 
Ellis  Pugh,  who  came  to  this  country  in  1687, 
two  years  after  William  Penn.  He  was  horn  in 
Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  March  loth,  1805. 
In  1809  his  father,  Thomas  Pugh,  emigrated  with 
his  family  to  Cadiz,  in  Ohio.  In  the  year  1822, 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  Achilles  entered  the  printing  office 
of  the  Cadiz  Informant  to  learn  the  art  so  preservative  of 
many  things.  In  1827  he  went  to  Philadelphia  to  perfect 
himself  in  the  business,  and  after  varied  adventures  in  divers 
places,  all  becoming  to  the  young  wandering  journeyman 
printer,  bred  of  sober,  discreet  Quaker  parentage,  but 
strangely  named  Achilles,  he  came  to  Cincinnati  in  May, 
1830.  On  landing  there  he  paid  twelve  and  a half  cents  to 
have  his  trunk  carried,  twenty-five  cents  for  his  dinner,  and 
ending  by  passing  over  his  last  cent  for  a segar.  There  was 
nothing  left : even  the  segar  went  off  in  smoke ; but  he  had 
himself,  a stalwart  frame,  an  iron  will,  industrious  habits, 
firm  moral  principles,  and  a genial  happy  disposition  that 
feared  no  ill  and  hoped  ail  good.  He  at  once  found  em- 
ployment, and  soon  became  manager  of  the  Evangelist 
periodical,  then  published  by  Walter  Scott.  During  this 
engagement  he  was  married,  August  23d,  1832,  to  Anna 
Maria  Davis,  daughter  of  John  Davis,  of  Bedford  county, 
V^irginia.  He  later  established  a small  office  of  his  own, 
and  in  the  course  of  three  or  four  years  formed  a partner- 
ship with  Morgan  & .Sanxay  in  job  printing.  It  was  then 
that  trouble  overtook  him.  The  Ohio  Auti-Slavery  Society 
was  organized  in  April,  1835.  Its  business  was  conducted 
by  an  executive  committee,  who  started  a newspaper.  The 
Philanthropist,  at  New  Richmond,  in  Clermont  county, 
and  after  printing  a few  numbers  applied  to  him  to  take  the 
press  and  type  and  print  the  paper  in  Cincinnati.  His 
partners  refusing,  the  connection  was  dissolved,  and  he  con- 
tracted to  print  it  alone.  Unable  to  hire  a building  for  the 
purpose  owing  to  the  obloquy  attached  to  the  cause,  he 
erected  one  in  the  rear  of  his  residence  on  Walnut  street, 
between  Sixth  and  Seventh  streets.  He  undertook  the 
printing  as  a matter  of  business.  “ If,”  reasoned  he, 
“slavery  cannot  stand  discussion,  then  slavery  is  wrong: 
therefore,  as  a printer,  it  is  in  the  line  of  my  business  to 
print  this  paper,  charging  only  the  ordinary  rates  ” for  the 
work.  Soon  as  the  paper  appeared  it  was  evident  from  the 
attitude  of  the  city  press  that  a storm  was  brewing,  and  at 
midnight  of  the  I2th  of  July,  1836,  a band  of  men  broke 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


23 


into  his  office,  frightened  away  a boy  sleeping  there,  de- 
stroyed the  week’s  issue,  and  dismantled  and  carried  away 
parts  of  the  press.  Not  to  be  balked  so  easily,  Mr.  Pugh 
had  a new  press  purchased  and  was  at  work  at  1 1 o’clock 
the  next  day  printing  off  his  weekly  issue.  A few  days  after 
he  removed  his  press  to  his  job  office,  corner  of  Seventh  and 
Main  streets.  At  sundown  on  the  night  of  the  29th  a second 
mob  assembled,  valiantly  broke  into  his  office,  pitched  the 
type  cases  and  press  into  the  middle  of  the  street,  and  were 
about  to  set  it  on  fire  when  his  honor  the  Mayor,  Samuel 
AV.  Davies,  mounted  the  pile  and  addressed  the  mob.  He 
complimented  them  for  having  done  so  well  thus  far,  but  ad-i 
vised  against  the  confl.agrating  process,  as  it  would  endanger 
the  adjacent  property.  Thereupon  they  hauled  the  press  by 
a rope  and  with  much  noise  and  shoutings  cast  it  into  the 
Ohio.  After  the  second  attack  he  for  a while  printed  the 
paper  at  Springboro’,  in  Warren  county,  and  brought  down 
“the  abominable  sheet”  by  canal  to  the  city.  In  the  ex- 
citing era  he  was  a marked  man,  and  very  much  wanted  as 
an  object  of  adornment  with  tar  and  feathers ; but  by  keep- 
ing in  after  dark  and  keeping  out  of  certain  parts  of  the  city 
when  it  was  light,  and  possessing,  moreover,  a powerful 
muscular  physique,  he  escaped  being  made  a subject  of 
“ high  art.”  Scowls  and  cold  shoulders  were  given  him  in 
abundance.  These  he  herewith  equanimity;  and  as  the 
cause  of  anti-slavery  gradually  advanced  many  a dollar 
was  privately  slipped  into  his  hands  by  parties,  some  of  them 
even  engaged  in  the  Southern  trade.  These  were  applied 
to  aid  the  flight  of  colored  fugitives  by  the  underground 
railroad  ; no  questions  being  asked  only  for  the  money,  the 
parties  giving  seeming  strangely  incurious  as  to  its  applica- 
tion : only  as  they  gave  they  winked,  and  smiled  and  looked 
queer.  Until  1875  Eugh  was  closely  identified  with 
the  printing  business  in  Cincinnati.  In  1837  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Dodd,  and  began  the  publication  of 
the  Weekly  Chronicle,  E.  D.  Mansfield  and  Benjamin  Drake, 
editors.  This  paper  was  afterwards  converted  into  a daily, 
and  continued  until  1846  with  Mr.  Pugh  as  printer.  In 
1869,  in  company  with  John  Butler,  he  was  chosen  by  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Orthodox  Friends’  Commission, 
in  connection  with  the  duties  assumed  under  the  invitation 
of  President  Grant,  to  make  a tour  of  examination  through 
the  Indian  agencies  of  the  Central  .Superintendency,  One 
day,  while  the  two  were  riding  alone,  and  unarmed,  in  an 
ambulance  in  the  Indian  country,  they  were  overtaken  by 
two  wild  Indians  of  the  plains,  Kiowas,  who  rode  up,  one 
on  each  side  of  them,  with  their  bows  strung  and  arrows  in 
their  hands,  evidently  designing  mischief.  Mr.  Pugh  resorted 
to  a stratagem  to  get  rid  of  them.  Placing  his  hands  to  his 
mouth  he  drew  therefrom  a complete  set  of  false  teeth  and 
moved  them  slowly  toward  the  nearest  savage,  at  the  same 
time  dropping  his  heavy  beetling  brows  in  a ferocious  scowl, 
while  his  mouth  being  deprived  of  its  support  the  chin  and 
nose  came  in  close  proximity.  The  Indians  were  horrified 
at  the  approaching  grinning  teeth,  and  putting  spurs  to  their 


ponies  in  a twinkling  were  nowhere  to  be  seen.  Mr.  Pugh 
is  a member  of  the  .Society  of  Friends ; and  he  is  one  of  the 
most  companionable  of  men.  His  memory  is  retentive, 
while  his  sense  of  the  ridiculous  is  keen  to  a degree.  His 
conscience  is  tender,  and  his  sympathies  all  for  the  right. 


RASHER,  LAWRENCE  L.,  was  born,  on  July 
9th,  1S19,  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  the  youngest  of  seven  sons,  whose 
parents  were  John  Brasher  and  Keziah  Brown. 
His  father  was  a native  of  New  York,  who  came  to 
Hamilton  county  in  1790.  He  served  with  Gen- 
eral St,  Clair  in  his  Indian  campaign,  and  during  the  Revo- 
lution was  with  l.afayette’s  division  of  Washington’s  army. 
His  death  occurred  in  1840.  His  wife  was  a native  of  New 
Jersey,  her  death  occurring  in  Hamilton  county  in  1839. 
Her  family,  too,  was  of  a patriotic  stock,  her  father  having 
participated  in  many  of  the  colonial  struggles  both  as  soldier 
and  surgeon.  Lawrence  L.  had  few  advantages  for  an 
early  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  was  compelled 
to  adopt  that  slower  method,  which,  however,  is  always  sub- 
stantial, self-culture.  As  early  as  sixteen  he  began  life  as  a 
mechanic,  and  subsequently  followed  the  trade  of  a cooper 
for  twelve  years.  It  was  during  this  period  that  he  managed 
to  acquire  an  unusual  fund  of  practical  knowledge  by  care- 
fully selected,  continuous  and  well-digested  reading.  No 
small  portion  of  bis  leisure  moments  was  devoted  to  the 
study  of  the  law,  which  materially  increased  his  capacity  for 
the  intelligent  discharge  of  duties  soon  to  devolve  upon 
him.  He  was  a Captain  of  militia  under  the  old  militia 
regime  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  In  1869  he  became  Deputy 
Auditor  of  Hamilton  county,  and  has  held  that  office  for 
six  years.  Sensible  of  the  loss  of  time,  place  and  oppor- 
tunity for  education  when  young,  he  has  taken  a deep  in- 
terest in  the  question  of  popular  instruction,  and  the  result 
of  his  labors  and  influence  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  suc- 
cessful of  public  schools  in  Cincinnati.  His  religious  senti- 
ments are  the  doctrines  of  the  Christian  church.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  a prominent  and  zealous  Mason,  and 
an  eloquent  advocate  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  This 
fidelity  to  principle  cost  him  an  office,  for  in  his  canvass  for 
the  Legislature  in  1873  Ee  was  beaten  by  seven  votes  in  a 
bitter  fight  waged  against  him  by  the  anti-temperance  element. 


3 ^MITH,  WILLIAM  F.,  Master  Mechanic  and  Cai 
Builder  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati 
& Indianapolis  Railway,  was  born,  December 
i6ih,  1826,  in  Dover,  Massachusetts,  and  is  a son 
of  Ebenezer  Smith,  a millwright  and  carpenter  of 
that  town.  His  preliminary  education  was  ob- 
tained in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  was 


24 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


completed  at  the  Elliot  School,  Jamaica  Plain,  near  Boston. 
When  fifteen  years  old  he  was  apprenticed  to  J.  Coney  to 
learn  the  machinist’s  trade,  and  he  served  a period  of  six 
years  in  that  establishment.  In  1847  he  was  engaged  as 
draughtsman  for  the  Springfield  Car  & Engine  Company, 
with  which  he  was  connected  for  about  two  years.  In  1S49 
he  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  to  fulfil  a contract  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  & Cincinnati  Railway.  The  line  was  com- 
pleted as  far  as  Columbus  in  P'ebruai-y,  1851,  and  he  then 
received  the  appointment  of  Master  Mechanic,  Builder  and 
Superintendent  of  the  Rolling  Stock,  which  position  he  held 
for  a period  of  nineteen  years.  In  1870,  owing  to  the 
great  increase  of  labor  in  these  departments  consequent 
upon  the  consolidation  of  several  railroad  companies,  he 
took  charge  of  the  car  department  of  the  Cleveland,  Colum- 
bus, Cincinnati  & Indianapolis  Railway,  a position  he  has 
held  up  to  the  present  time.  It  is  estimated  that  since  his 
connection  with  this  line  he  has  built  at  least  five  thousand 
cars.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  establishing  the 
American  Railway  Master  Mechanics’  Association,  of 
which  he  was  the  first  President.  This  association  pre- 
sented him  in  1871  with  the  following  testimonial  : “ Jve- 
solved,  That  the  association  fully  appreciates  the  value  and 
importance  to  the  railway  interest  of  America  of  the  plan 
of  this  association  as  organized,  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  June  loth, 
1868,  by  W.  F.  Smith  and  others,  and  that  the  Secretary 
cause  the  resolution  to  be  handsomely  engrossed  and  a copy 
sent  to  each  one  named  in  the  resolution.”  He  is  one  of 
the  originators  and  owners  of  the  P'ulton  I'oundry,  in 
Cleveland,  and  is  also  interested  in  the  Wason  Car  & P'oun- 
dry  Company,  at  Chattanooga,  Tennessee.  He  is  likewise 
a stockholder  of  the  Delaware  Foundry,  at  Delaware,  Ohio. 
He  ranks  very  high  in  his  craft,  and  has  instructed  a score 
of  the  best  master  mechanics  in  the  United  States,  thor- 
oughly fitting  them  for  the  positions  they  now  hold.  He 
has  been  twice  married,  and  is  the  father  of  two  children, 
a son  and  daughter 


URGOYNE,  JOHN,  Lawyer,  Judge,  and  President 
of  the  National  Insurance  Company  of  Cincin- 
nati, was  born  August  nth,  1801,  in  Jefferson 
county,  Virginia.  In  1814  he  removed  to  Ham- 
ilton county,  Ohio,  landing  at  Cincinnati,  which 
was  then  in  the  infancy  of  its  career  as  one  of  the 
great  cities  of  America.  It  contained  then  but  thirty-five 
hundred  inhabitants,  many  of  whom,  however,  w'ere  at  that 
time  absent  in  the  army  and  on  duty  along  the  northern 
and  western  frontiers.  The  city  gave  but  little  promise  of 
its  future  magnitude  and  importance.  There  was  not  a 
])aved  street,  the  dwellings  were  in  straggling  lines,  and 
the  river  bank  was  a bluff,  precipitous  in  many  places,  with 
a rudely  constructed  roadway  running  from  the  shore  to  the 
summit.  Here  it  was  that  Mr.  Burgoyne  settled  for  life, 
identifying  himself  at  a very  early  age  with  movements 


which  in  a large  degree  raised  Cincinnati  to  a position  of 
eminence  as  a commercial  metropolis.  This  he  did,  not 
only  from  a laudable  public  spirit,  but  from  the  conviction 
that  the  location  of  the  city,  which  was  most  happily 
selected,  with  industrious  enterprise  on  the  part  of  its  citi- 
zens, would  make  it  eventually  the  grand  entrepot  for  a vast 
section  of  country.  This  opinion,  which  has  long  since 
been  more  than  realized,  made  him  an  active  worker  in  all 
the  movements  for  the  social  and  material  prosperity  of  that 
city.  He  is  a self-educated  man,  whose  studious  habits 
and  thoroughness  of  training  secured  his  steady  and  sub- 
stantial progress  in  legal  and  commercial  acquirements. 
His  varied  qualifications — clerical,  executive,  judicial,  and 
financial — may  fairly  be  estimated  from  a record  of  his 
official  career.  He  has  served  under  no  less  than  thirteen 
commissions  from  the  Governors  of  Ohio.  Pour  of  these 
were  military.  Under  three  he  was  invested  with  the 
powers  and  duties  of  a Justice  of  the  Peace.  He  was  four 
times  commissioned  a Director  of  Longview  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum, once  as  Probate  Judge,  and  once  as  Associate  Judge 
of  the  Common  Pleas,  having  been  elected  to  the  bench  by 
the  unanimous  vote  cf  the  State  Legislature.  For  ten  years 
he  served  as  Township  Treasurer,  and  for  six  years  as 
Sinking  P'und  Commissioner,  fulfilling  all  the  responsible 
duties  with  rare  fidelity  and  ability,  and  to  the  fullest  ac- 
ceptance of  the  people  who  elected  him.  He  was  succes- 
sively elected,  for  many  years.  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cincinnati,  of 
which  he  and  his  mother  were  leading  members  during  the 
ministrations  of  Rev.  Joshua  L.  Wilson.  His  excellent 
qualities  as  an  executive  secured  his  election  to  many  posi- 
tions of  responsibility  in  business  corporations.  He  filled 
the  Presidency  of  the  Cincinnati  Board  of  Underwriters  for 
five  years,  and  for  the  past  twenty  years  has  served  as 
President  of  the  National  Insurance  Company,  managing 
its  affairs  with  such  .skill  and  irreproachable  integrity  as  to 
win  for  it  the  unbounded  confidence  of  the  community. 
His  career  has  been  strangely  blended  with  private,  civil, 
and  commercial  activities.'  By  a large  constituency,  which 
had  long  esteemed  hiS  worth  and  enterprise  as  a citizen,  he 
was  sent  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  for  three  terms,  during 
which  he  labored  efficiently  for  the  best  interests  of  the  gen- 
eral community.  He  carried  the  charter  of  the  Ohio  Life 
Insurance  & Trust  Company  through  the  lower  House, 
and  secured  other  legislation  which  greatly  benefited  the 
business  interests  of  the  city  and  State.  \\  hile  on  the 
Common  Pleas  Bench  of  Cincinnati  he  secured  the  appoint- 
ment of  W’illiam  Henry  Harrison  as  Clerk,  and  in  after 
years  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  his  nomination 
and  election  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States.  His 
career  on  the  bench  was  rendered  conspicuous  by  a decision 
which  gave  him  no  inconsiderable  distinction  in  after  life. 
He  it  was  who  first  pronounced  from  the  bench  the  uncon- 
stitutionality of  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  a decision  which 
led  to  one  of  the  grandest  displays  of  justice  the  world  has 


*•  - ‘ j . ^;T  N>  I 

t*  ■ ■ '•■•■'  .4  •!  * . I ■'•i  ■ 

I'  •'*  ‘ , , i _ .ij 

. • . • • , I 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


25 


ever  known.  Mr.  Burgoyne  has  now  attained  the  mature 
age  of  seventy-four  years,  and  is  still  acti  e in  business  pur- 
suits. He  is  of  rare  social  traits,  affable  in  all  his  inter- 
course with  his  fellow-citizens,  and  living  in  the  enjoyment 
of  that  profound  esteem  which  his  public  and  private  ser- 
vices have  secured.  The  law  is  the  chosen  profession  of 
his  family,  for,  in  addition  to  himself,  his  son,  John  Bur- 
goyne, Jr.,  and  his  eldest  grandson,  Charles  L.  Burgoyne, 
are  prominent  members  of  the  Hamilton  county  bar. 


^ATUM,  SAMUEL  CANBY,  Machinist,  was  born 
in  Wilmington,  Delaware,  May  13th,  1827. 
When  he  was  a mere  lad  his  father  and  mother 
—John  W.  and  Mary  (Canby)  Tatum — changed 
their  residence  to  a farm  near  the  city,  where 
their  son  Samuel  learned  many  valuable  lessons 
in  agriculture.  His  education  was  commenced  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  completed  in  Haverford  Col- 
lege. On  leaving  his  Alma  Mater  he  spent  one  year  at  his 
loved  home,  and  then  engaged  as  an  apprentice  with  J. 
Morton  Poole,  on  the  Brandywine,  to  learn  the  iron 
machinist  business.  That  he  might  be  thoroughly  master 
of  his  trade  he  remained  with  Mr.  Poole  nearly  four  long 
years.  In  1849  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  there 
began  for  himself  the  foundry  and  machinery  business, 
principally  the  latter.  After  ten  years  of  energetic  efforts, 
which  were  not  crowned  with  the  success  he  had  a right  to 
anticipate,  he  relinquished  that  entire  enterprise.  Soon 
after  closing  his  machine  shop  he  opened  his  present  foun- 
dry on  the  corner  of  John  and  Water  streets,  where  he  has 
been  eminently  successful.  The  remarkable  prosperity  of 
his  present  business,  which  was  organized  in  1859,  and 
from  which  he  has  derived  his  wealth  and  reputation  as  a 
manufacturer,  is  due  to  the  systematic  manner  in  which  he 
learned  his  trade,  the  great  executive  ability  which  he  pos- 
sesses, his  unwavering  integrity,  and  his  courtesy  to  all  per- 
sons with  whom  he  comes  in  contact.  During  the  last  five 
years  he  has  had  in  his  employ  from  one  hundred  to  one 
hundred  and  fifty  men.  He  is  now  a Director  of  the  Hall’s 
Safe  & Lock  Company,  Director  of  the  great  manufacturing 
establishment  of  J.  A.  Fay  & Co.,  Director  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Savings  Society,  and  Treasurer  of  the  Children’s 
Home,  an  institution  of  which  the  Queen  City  may  be,  as 
she  is,  justly  proud.  In  the  autumn  of  1869  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Strangers’  Home  Committee  of  the  Young 
Men’s  Christian  Association.  The  committee  rented  and 
furnished  a building,  which  was  free  to  all  who  were  with- 
out a shelter  or  a home.  Mr.  Tatum,  with  his  a.ssociates, 
of  whom  William  Sumner  was  one,  during  the  ensuing 
winter  lodged  and  fed  15,624  men.  None  were  more 
happy  to  give  from  their  abundance  to  relieve  the  necessi- 
ties of  those  unfortunate  men  than  Mr.  Tatum  ; nor  did  the 
good  work  slop  there,  as  large  numbers  of  the  men,  through 
4 


the  efforts  of  the  committee,  found  remunerative  employ- 
ment. The  following  year  he  repeated  the  good  work  of 
1869-70,  and  is  now  engaged,  though  more  privately,  in 
many  works  of  beneficence  to  the  more  unfortunate  of  his 
fellow-men.  On  May  t9lh,  1849,  Samuel  C.  Tatum  was 
married  to  Eleanor  Bardsley,  and  by  her  has  four  children, 
three  daughters  and  one  son.  On  May  19th,  1874,  their 
silver  wedding  was  celebrated,  their  numerous  friends  par- 
ticipating in  the  festivities  of  the  happy  occasion. 


ALKE,  ANTHONY,  late  Statesman,  was  born 
® September  13th,  1783,  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  and 
was  the  eldest  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Calvert) 
Walke  of  that  city.  He  is  the  fourth  in  descent 
from  the  founder  of  the  American  branch  of  the 
family,  who,  emigrating  from  the  island  of  Bar- 
badoes,  landed  in  Virginia,  and  in  1692  married  Mary 
Lawson,  of  Princess  Anne  county  in  that  colony.  From 
their  son  Anthony — who  was  married  April  4th,  1725,  to 
Anna,  daughter  of  Captain  William  Armistead,  of  Eastmost 
river,  Gloucester  county,  Virginia — was  descended  Colonel 
Anthony  Walke.  He  was  a man  of  wealth  and  unbounded 
liberality,  who  by  his  large  contributions  to  the  church  is 
most  favorably  noticed  by  Bishop  Meade  in  his  “ History 
of  the  Church  in  Virginia.”  He  not  only  donated  lands, 
but  erected  a church  edifice  about  twelve  miles  from  Nor- 
folk, and  which  is  yet  standing.  Colonel  Walke  was  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Jane,  daughter  of  William 
Randolph,  of  Turkey  Island,  James  River,  and  the  issue 
were  two  sons,  Anthony  and  Thomas,  the  former  the  cele- 
brated “ Parson  Walke,”  and  both  were  members  of  the 
Convention  of  1788,  which  met  to  adopt  the  Federal  Con- 
stitution, and  both  voted  in  its  favor,  as  also  of  the  Bill  of 
Rights.  His  second  wife  was  Mary  Isham,  a daughter  of 
Colonel  Edward  Moseley,  whose  family  was  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  respected  in  eastern  Virginia.  By  this 
union  were  born  to  him  three  sons,  William,  John,  and 
Edward  H. ; the  two  latter  died  young.  The  eldest  of 
these  three,  William,  was  the  father  of  the  Anthony  Walke 
whose  sketch  is  now  about  to  be  given,  and  who  also  died 
in  the  prime  of  life.  He  was  a young  man  of  great  worth 
and  promise.  After  receiving  a liberal  education  he  retired 
to  his  fann,  called  the  “ Ferry  Plantation,”  and  devoted 
himself  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  a member  of  the 
Legislature  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Elizabeth  (Thoroughgood) 
Calvert.  This  latter  was  the  daughter  of  Adam  and  Eliza- 
beth (Mason)  Thoroughgood,  and  the  last  mentioned  was 
sister  of  the  patriot  and  .statesman  George  Mason,  whose 
statue  is  in  Richmond.  Colonel  Thoroughgood,  brother  of 
Adam,  was  an  officer  under  General  Washington,  and  was 
wounded  shortly  before  Cornwallis’  surrender.  Thomas 
Calvert,  United  States  navy — Mrs.  William  Walke’s  brother 


26 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


— was  First  Lieutenant  of  the  United  States  frigate  “ Con- 
stellation,” thirty-eight  guns,  when,  under  Commodore 
Truxton,  and  after  a desperate  action,  the  French  frigate 
“ L’Insurgente,”  of  forty  guns,  was  captured.  William 
Walke  left  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  none  of  whom 
survive  save  William,  who  is  at  present  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  respected  citizens  of  Norfolk.  All  the  daughters 
were  married,  and  among  their  descendants  are  some  of  the 
most  worthy  and  respectable  citizens  of  Norfolk  and  of 
eastern  Virginia.  In  few  families  of  this  country  has 
wealth  continued  so  long.  A considerable  portion  of  the 
estate  owned  by  Colonel  Anthony  Walke  is  still  in  the  pos- 
session of  his  descendants.  Anthony  Walke,  late  of  Ohio, 
was  educated  at  Yale  College,  and  was  a fellow-student  of 
the  late  distinguished  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina. 
Soon  after  arriving  at  manhood  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  Virginia  Legislature  from  his  native  county,  where 
he  was  highly  esteemed.  During  Jefferson’s  administration 
he  was  selected  as  the  Agent  of  the  United  States  govern- 
ment to  deliver  to  the  Dcy  of  Algiers  the  tribute  which  the 
Barbary  powers  exacted  from  Christian  nations  for  the 
privilege  of  trading  in  Mediterranean  ports,  and  this  was 
the  last  tribute  from  the  American  government,  except  that 
which  was  finally  and  effectually  paid  by  Decatur  in  powder 
and  ball.  On  his  return  to  the  United  Stales  the  vessel  in 
which  he  had  embarked  was  driven  by  stress  of  weather  on 
the  coast  of  P’rance,  and  as  he  had  no  passport,  was  arrested 
on  suspicion  of  being  a British  emissary.  After  a month’s 
imprisonment  he  was  released  through  the  intervention  of 
Livingston,  the  United  States  minister  to  the  French  Repub- 
lic. Having  obtained  permission  to  travel  through  France 
on  his  return  home,  he  visited  Boulogne  while  Bonaparte 
was  in  the  midst  of  his  great  preparations  for  the  invasion 
of  England,  and  where  he  witnessed  a review  of  the  French 
“ Grande  Armee.”  Early  in  the  present  century  he  re- 
moved from  Virginia  to  Ohio,  but  owing  to  continued 
ill-health  returned  to  his  native  Slate.  During  the  war  of 
1812,  when  Norfolk  was  threatened  by  an  English  squad- 
ron, he  was  attached  to  the  mounted  patrol  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  watching  the  movements  of  the  enemy ; and 
on  one  occasion  he  participated  in  the  capture  of  a consid- 
erable number  of  officers  and  sailors  who  had  come  ashore 
on  a foraging  expedition  from  the  British  fleet,  then  lying 
in  Hampton  Roads.  A few  years  thereafter  he  returned  to 
Ohio  and  became  a permanent  resident  of  the  Scioto  valley. 
He  ever  took  a lively  interest  in  questions  of  State  and 
national  policy,  and  he  will  be  remembered  by  many  as  an 
able  writer  and  speaker.  He  often  represented  Ross 
county  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature,  and  also  in 
the  State  Senate ; and,  as  was  said  of  him  by  the  editor  of 
the  Ohio  State  yournal,  he  was  in  truth  a “ gentleman  of 
the  old  school,”  polite  and  respectful  to  all,  maintaining 
through  life  a high  character  for  integrity,  truthfulness,  and 
the  faithful  discharge  of  all  his  duties,  whether  regarded  as 
a public  man,  as  a private  citizen,  or  as  a Christian.  For 


fifty  years  he  was  a member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  during  a long  period  was  a ruling  elder  in  that  denom- 
ination. He  was  married  in  1S05  to  Susan  H.  Carmichael, 
of  Princess  Anne  county,  Virginia,  and  who  died  Novem- 
ber loth,  1874,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  her  age,  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  esteemed  residents  of  Chillicothe,  dis- 
tinguished for  piety,  Christian  charity,  and  kindness  to  all. 
Five  sons  and  one  daughter  survived  her  departure;  the 
latter  is  the  wife  of  James  Dun,  of  Madison  county,  Ohio. 
Of  the  sons,  Rear-Admiral  Henry  Walke,  United  States 
navy,  of  Brooklyn,  New  Vork,  is  an  able  and  distinguished 
officer.  Dr.  Cornelius  Walke,  another  son,  resides  in  New 
Vork  city  during  the  winter  and  at  Cornwell’s  Landing 
(North  river)  in  summer.  John  Walke  is  Judge  of  the 
Probate  Court  of  Pickaway  county,  Ohio;  Anthony  and 
Thomas  Walke  are  residents  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  the  latter 
being  Judge  of  the  Probate  Court  of  Ross  county.  Another 
son,  William,  died  some  years  before  his  father.  The 
latter  died  March  19th,  1865,  in  the  eighty-second  year  of 
his  age. 


'AFT,  ALPHONSO,  Jurist  and  Lawyer,  was  born 
November  5th,  1810,  in  Townshend,  Vermont, 
the  only  child  of  Peter  Rawson  Taft  and  Sylvia 
Howard  Taft.  His  father,  although  a farmer, 
was  much  in  public  life.  He  was  for  four  years 
a Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Windham.  In 
his  sixteenth  year  his  son  decided  to  obtain  a liberal  edu- 
cation. To  help  on  with  the  expenses  he  taught  a country 
school,  commencing  with  his  sixteenth  winter.  In  the  fol- 
lowing spring  he  pursued  his  studies  in  the  academy ; 
worked  on  his  father’s  farm  in  the  summer,  studied  in  the 
fall,  taught  again  in  the  winter,  and  so  on  until  his  nine- 
teenth year,  when  he  entered  the  freshman  class  of  Yale 
College,  and  there  graduated  with  honor  in  1833.  From 
1835  to  1837  he  held  the  position  of  tutor  in  Yale  College, 
at  the  same  time  pursuing  his  studies  at  the  Yale  Law 
School,  where  he  graduated  in  1838.  In  1839  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Cincinnati.  In  1841 
he  was  married  to  Fannie  Phelps,  of  Townshend,  Vermont. 
She,  dying  in  1852,  left  two  sons,  Charles  Phelps  Taft  and 
Peter  Rawson  Taft,  now  both  members  of  the  Cincinnati 
bar  and  partners  with  their  father.  In  1854  he  was  agatn 
married  and  to  Louise  M.  Torrey,  of  Millbury,  Massachu- 
setts. They  have  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  He  early 
identified  himself  with  the  material  and  educational  inter- 
ests of  Cincinnati.  He  served  in  the  Common  Council 
from  the  year  1847  to  1849.  Prior  to  that  period  Liberty 
street  had  been  the  north  line  of  the  city.  While  he  was  a 
member  a proposition  came  before  the  Council  to  remove 
the  line  one  mile  farther  north,  .so  as  to  include  the  heavy 
German  population  and  Mount  Auburn  within  the  city. 
The  Council  was  strongly  Whig  in  sentiment  and  refused 
their  consent,  as  the  Germans  were  mostly  Democratic,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EA’CVCLOP/EDIA. 


27 


this  would  give  the  rule  to  the  opposition.  Mr.  Taft,  al- 
though a Whig  in  sentiment,  thought  the  public  good 
demanded  the  annexation.  He  thereupon  introduced  and 
after  much  opposition  carried  a proposition  through  the 
Council  to  submit  it  to  popular  vote.  It  was  carried  by  a 
strong  vote,  and  in  consequence  no  party  has  since  ventured 
to  oppose  annexation.  On  the  22d  of  January,  1850,  Mr. 
Taft  delivered  before  the  Mercantile  Library  Association  a 
lecture  upon  “ Cincinnati  and  her  Railroads,”  which  being 
published  and  extensively  read,  proved  a powerful  stimulus 
to  the  construction  of  many  railroads  in  which  Cincinnati 
was  interested,  material  aid  being  voted  by  the  city  to  sev- 
eral of  these  enterprises.  Mr.  Taft  was  an  active  member 
of  the  old  Whig  party,  and  on  its  demise  a member  of  the 
convention  of  1856  which  nominated  Fremont  for  President. 
The  same  year  he  was  an  unsuccessful  competitor  for  Con- 
gress against  George  H.  Pendleton.  This  closed  his  politi- 
cal experience.  On  the  occasion  of  the  decease  of  Daniel 
Webster  Mr.  Taft  delivered  a eulogy  upon  his  life  and  ser- 
vices which  was  regarded  by  the  family  of  the  deceased 
statesman  as  the  most  clear  and  truthful  analysis  extant  of 
his  intellectual  qualities.  In  1865  Mr.  Taft  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Cox  to  fill  a vacancy  on  the  bench  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati,  and  twice  subsequently  was 
elected  to  the  same  office,  the  last  time  by  the  unanimous 
vote  of  both  political  parties.  Among  the  causes  handled 
by  him  at  the  bar  during  a successful  practice  of  twenty-five 
years  two  may  be  mentioned  as  illustrating  his  ability  in 
dealing  with  critical  and  difficult  questions.  The  first  was 
the  celebrated  controversy  in  which  he  bore  a leading  part 
— that  relating  to  the  patent  for  the  steam  fire  engine.  A. 
B.  Latta  and  Abel  Shawk  each  claimed  the  invention  and 
obtained  a patent  for  it.  Griffin  Taylor,  who  had  become 
the  purchaser  of  Latta’s  patent,  was  sued  for  libel  (damages 
placed  at  550,000)  on  the  ground  that  he  had  published  in 
the  Cincinnati  Times  that  Shawk  had  obtained  his  patent 
by  perjury.  It  was  a difficult  case  to  defend,  but  it  was 
successful.  Latta  subsequently  brought  an  action  for  in- 
fringement against  Shawk,  which  was  concluded  in  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court  by  a judgment  and  final  verdict 
for  Latta.  In  this  case  Mr.  Taft  made  the  closing  argu- 
ment. The  second  case  was  that  of  Perrin  vs.  The  Execu- 
tors of  Ch.arles  McMicken  and  the  City  of  Cincinnati, 
involving  thfe  validity  of  Mr.  McMicken’s  will  giving  his 
estate  to  the  city  of  Cincinnati  in  trust  for  the  establishment 
and  the  support  of  a free  college  or  university.  The  heirs 
denied  its  validity  and  the  power  of  the  city  to  accept  such 
a trust.  It  was  eventually  carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  and  decided  for  the  defendants,  their 
lawyers  having  been  George  E.  Pugh  and  Mr.  Taft.  Judge 
Taft’s  printed  argument  was  regarded  as  a chef  d'evuvre  in 
that  line  and  was  complimented  with  emphasis  by  the 
judges.  His  management  of  this  case  alone  was  sufficient 
to  show  that  his  professional  grade  was  of  the  highest.  No 
professional  question  seems  too  intricate  for  his  capacity 


and  learning,  and  so  high  stands  his  general  reputation  that 
he  has  lately  been  appointed  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  for 
Yale  College,  an  honor  conferred  upon  none  other  west  of 
the  Alleghenies.  He  was  brought  forward  in  1875  for 
Governor  of  the  State.  In  March,  1876,  he  succeeded 
General  Belknap  as  Secretary  of  War. 

EIFER,  GENERAL  J.  WARREN,  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  Clark  county,  Januaiy  30th,  1836.  His 
parents  were  Joseph  and  Mary  (Smith)  Keifer. 
His  father  was  a native  of  Washington  county, 
Maryland,  a civil  engineer  and  a farmer.  His 
mother  was  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio. 
General  Keifer  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  county  and  at  Antioch  College.  He  did  not, 
however,  pursue  the  regular  classical  course,  and  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  was  withdrawn  from  school  altogether  and 
for  two  years  managed  the  homestead  farm,  his  father  being 
dead.  In  1855  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  General 
Charles  Anthony,  of  Springfield,  and  being  admitted  to  the 
bar  January  12th,  1858,  at  once  began  practice  alone  in  the 
same  city.  April  19th,  1861,  he  responded  to  Lincoln’s 
first  call  for  troops,  and  was  commissioned  Major  of  the  3d 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  mustered  into  ser- 
vice on  the  27th.  Without  having  left  the  State  the  regi- 
ment was  re-enlisted  on  June  I2lh  for  the  three  year  service, 
and  joined  the  army  under  McClellan  in  western  Virginia, 
pjarticipating  in  the  battles  of  Rich  Mountain,  Cheat  Moun- 
tain, and  Elkwater.  November,  1861,  the  regiment  was 
transferred  to  Duel’s  army,  in  Kentucky.  February  22d, 
1862,  he  was  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy,  and 
with  his  regiment  participated  in  the  campaign  against 
Bowling  Green,  Nashville,  Murfreesboro’,  and  Huntsville, 
Alabama.  .September  30th,  1862,  he  resigned  in  order  to 
accept  promotion  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  i loth  Regiment 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  joining  Milroy’s  command  in 
Virginia,  and  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  commanded  the 
post  at  Morefield.  In  the  battle  of  Winchester,  June,  1863, 
he  commanded  the  2d  Brigade  of  the  3d  Division  of  Mil- 
roy’s army,  and  received  a slight  wound,  which,  however, 
did  not  disable  him,  and  on  the  9th  of  July,  immediately 
following  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  he  was  transferred  with 
his  regiment  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  in  August 
sent  with  a brigade  of  Ohio  troops  to  enforce  the  draft  in 
the  city  of  New  York.  He  rejoined  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  September,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Mine  Run,  November  27th.  On  the  first  day’s  engagement 
in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  5th,  1864,  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  left  forearm  by  a musket  ball,  the 
bone  being  utterly  shattered.  By  this  he  was  disabled  until 
August  26th,  when  he  was  ordered  to  join  the  army  of 
Sheridan,  at  Harper’s  Ferry,  for  his  campaign  in  the  valley 
of  Virginia,  and  with  his  arm  still  in  a sling,  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Opequan,  Fisher’s  Hill,  and  Cedar  Creek. 


28 


LIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


At  Opequan  he  received  a shell  wound  in  the  thigh,  but 
was  not  disabled,  and  in  the  next  engagement,  at  Fisher’s 
Hill,  he  led  the  2d  Brigade  of  the  3d  Division  6th  Army 
Corps  in  the  charge  on  the  fortified  flank  of  Early’s  army, 
completely  routing  the  whole  force  and  capturing  a great 
quantity  of  artillery.  At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  he 
commanded  the  3d  Division  of  the  6th  Corps,  and  for  gal- 
lantry on  the  field  was  brevetted  Brigadier-Ceneral.  De- 
cember, 1864,  he  joined  the  army  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
and  participated  in  the  assault  on  the  outer  line  of  works  of 
that  last  stronghold  of  the  Confederacy,  on  the  25th  of 
hlarch  following,  and  on  the  2d  of  April  led  the  3d  Divis- 
ion of  the  6th  Corps  in  the  final  assault  which  carried  the 
place.  Pursuing  the  retreating  hosts,  they  came  up  with 
them  on  the  6th  at  Sailor’s  Creek,  where  they  were  posted 
in  force  on  the  left  bank  of  the  stream,  with  perhaps  no 
other  hope  than  to  check  the  advance  of  the  Union  troops. 
Sheridan  ordered  a charge.  The  troops  had  to  pass  over  a 
swamp  and  through  the  stream,  swollen  by  .spring  rains  till 
the  water  reached  their  armpits.  This  occasioned  more  or 
less  confusion  in  the  advancing  line.  The  rebels  in  one 
desperate  rally  charged  in  deep  column  on  the  centre,  and 
piercing  it  divided  the  line ; but,  disheartened  by  successive 
defeats,  the  fagged  soldiery  were  not  rpiick  enough  to  take 
advantage  of  the  situation.  The  broken  line  rallied  and 
charged  desper.ately  upon  either  flank,  the  left  led  by  Gen- 
eral Keifer.  Nearly  six  thousand  troops  surrendered  in  a 
body,  including  several  of  the  most  distinguished  generals 
of  the  Confederate  army  — Lieutenant-General  Ewell, 
Major-Generals  Kershaw,  Curtis,  I.ee,  and  Pickett,  besides 
a number  of  brigadiers.  In  the  confusion  and  exhaustion 
succeeding  the  desperate  engagement  and  surrender,  word 
was  brought  to  General  Keifer  that  a considerable  body  of 
rebels  were  concealed  in  a wooded  ravine  to  the  right. 
None  of  his  staff  happened  to  be  by,  and  disbelieving  the 
statement,  he  rode  off  alone  to  reconnoitre.  He  had  hardly- 
gone  three  hundred  yards  till  he  came  upon  a long  line  of 
troops  lying  upon  the  ground  and  concealed  by  the  dense 
thicket.  He  was  upon  them.  The  smoke  of  the  battle 
hung  in  the  woods.  The  light  was  imperfect.  They  saw 
him,  but  had  not  discovered  his  identity.  To  attempt  re- 
treat would  insure  discovery  and  death,  as  a horse  could 
not  be  forced  with  any  speed  through  the  thicket.  Com- 
prehending the  situation  at  a glance,  and  relying  on  the 
dimness  of  the  light,  he  had  the  coolness  to  save  himself  by 
a coup  lie  main.  Halting,  he  gave  the  command  “ For- 
ward ! ” and  turned  toward  the  scene  of  the  battle.  It  is 
probable  they  were  not  apprised  of  the  result  of  the  engage- 
ment, and  supposed  they  were  being  led  up  to  sustain  their 
comrades.  The  more  he  hurried  his  horse  through  the 
underbrush  to  get  in  advance  the  greater  seemed  the 
urgency  for  their  presence  on  the  field.  When  he  emerged 
from  the  woods  they  were  at  his  side.  The  clear  light  dis- 
covered his  uniform.  Instantly  a dozen  muskets  covered 
his  form,  some  almost  touching  his  person.  The  puzzled 


officers  about  him  shouted  “ Stop ! ” and  the  commander 
rushing  forward  saved  his  life  by  throwing  up  the  muzzle 
of  a discharged  gun  with  the  blade  of  his  sword.  General 
Keifer  dashed  away,  and  before  they  could  recover  from 
the  embarrassment  of  the  situation  charged  down  upon 
them  with  his  own  command.  Throwing  down  their  arms, 
they  surrendered  without  a struggle.  It  proved  to  be  the 
Marine  Brigade,  formerly  employed  in  naval  service  on  the 
James.  Not  less  than  thirty-five  naval  officers  of  rank,  in- 
cluding Commodore  Tucker,  formerly  of  the  United  States 
navy,  and  afterwards  Admiral-in-Chief  of  the  Peruvian 
navy,  and  Captain  John  D.  Simmes,  surrendered  their 
swords  to  General  Keifer.  In  gratitude  to  Commodore 
Tucker,  who  had  saved  his  life,  he  refused  to  accept  his 
sword,  and  afterwards  used  his  influence  with  the  War 
Department  to  obtain  the  parole  of  Simmes  and  several  of 
the  other  officers  who  claimed  to  have  restrained  their  men 
from  firing,  but  who  had  deserted  the  United  States  navy  to 
join  the  Confederacy,  and  were  therefore  not  entitled  to  the 
usual  consideration  of  prisoners  of  war.  After  Sailor’s 
Creek  he  participated  in  the  surrender  of  I.ee  at  Appo- 
mattox, and  for  gallantry  in  the  campaign  was  brevetted 
Major-General.  In  command  of  the  3d  Division  he  was 
ordered  to  join  Sherman,  in  North  Carolina.  Leaving  his 
fagged  army  at  Danville,  however,  he  was  only  able  to 
make  his  way  with  his  staff  to  Greensboro’  in  time  to  wit- 
ness the  surrender  of  Johnston.  On  the  27lh  of  June,  1865, 
he  was  mustered  out  of  service  and  resumed  his  practice  at 
Springfield.  In  the  following  October  he  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  regular  army  upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  General  Grant,  but  declined  to  serve.  In 
1867  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Senate  on  the  Republican 
ticket.  In  1868,  while  Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  he  organized  the  Board  of  Control  to  estab- 
lish the  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Orphans’  Home,  at  Xenia, 
of  which  the  .State  assumed  the  support  in  1870,  making 
General  Keifer  one  of  the  Trustees.  March  22d,  i86o,  he 
married  Eliza  S.  Stout,  of  Clark  county.  He  enjoys  an 
extensive  practice  and  a high  standing  at  the  Springfield  bar. 


OULTON,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  Lawyer,  was 
born  at  Richfield,  Summit  county,  Ohio,  Decem- 
ber 1 6th,  1830.  His  parents  were  of  New  Eng- 
land origin.  He  was  educated  at  a high  school 
at  Medina,  and  after  this  went  to  Cleveland  and 
passed  some  five  or  six  years  there  in  a retail  dry- 
goods  store.  He  then  studied  law  in  that  city  with  the 
Hon.  Samuel  W.  Treat,  and  was  admitted  to  practise  law 
at  Columbus  in  the  winter  of  1856-57,  before  the  .Supreme 
Court.  On  May  9th,  1855,  he  was  married,  at  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  to  Frances  B.  Shuman,  daughter  of  Judge  Shuman, 
late  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio.  He  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  profession  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  in  the  spring  of 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOrTEDIA. 


29 


1857  or  1858,  and  was  tints  engaged  until  the  opening  of 
the  rebellion.  In  June,  i36i,  he  was  appointed  Assistant 
Quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  Captain.  lie  served  in 
the  Quartermaster’s  Department  through  the  war,  having 
been  transferred  to  the  regular  army  and  promoted  to  a 
Colonel.  In  October,  1S65,  he  resumed  his  profession  at 
Cincinnati,  where  he  has  now  a large  practice. 


fTOMS,  WILLI.VM,  Merchant,  was  born  at 
Bridgeton,  New  Jersey,  December  20th,  1811. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  the  four  children  of  Jacob 
.Stoms,  a descendant  of  the  Holland  Dutch,  and 
who  determined  in  the  spring  of  1818  to  remove 
to  what  was  then  the  “ Far  West.”  Father, 
mother  and  children,  with  all  their  household  goods  and 
other  possessions,  were  stowed  in  an  old-fashioned,  four- 
horse  wagon,  and  after  many  farewells  the  long  and  tedious 
journey  through  a wild  and  unknown  country  was  com- 
menced. The  country  was  sparsely  settled  and  the  roads 
in  bad  condition,  which,  added  to  the  discomfort  of  the 
rude  conveyances  of  that  period,  rendered  the  trip  exceed- 
ingly slow  and  monotonous.  They  arrived  at  Pittsburgh 
one  bright  morning  in  early  June,  and  after  a period  of  rest 
embarked,  w'ith  all  their  goods,  on  a flatboat  which  the 
father  had  purchased,  and  slowly  floated  out  upon  the 
bosom  of  the  “La  Belle”  river.  They  floated  with  the 
current  down  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  morning  of  July  4th, 
1818,  rounded  the  bend  of  the  river  and  first  gazed  upon 
the  Queen  City.  They  landed  amid  the  booming  of 
cannon,  the  beating  of  drums  and  the  huzzas  of  the  people, 
who  had  gathered  upon  the  public  landing  to  celebrate  the 
natal  day  of  our  great  republic.  Flags  were  flying  and 
processions  of  patriotic  men  were  forming,  and  among  the 
latter  were  some  who  had  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
achievement  of  American  independence.  It  was  an  epoch 
in  the  history  of  our  subject  that  left  an  indelible  impres- 
sion on  his  mind,  and  from  which  he  dates  all  the  impor- 
tant events  of  his  life.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
of  Cincinnati,  colleges  and  universities  being  then  almost 
unknown  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
years  he  became  a clerk  in  a grocery  store,  and  for  three 
years  devoted  himself  by  night  and  day  to  the  acquirement 
of  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  in  all  its  branches. 
He  became  clerk  and  salesman  in  the  large  wholesale  and 
retail  grocery  house  of  Corham  & Dair,  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  Sycamore  and  Lower  Market  (Pearl)  streets, 
January  12th,  1831,  being  then  under  twenty  years  of  age. 
His  application  and  business  qualifications  won  such  recog- 
nition that  upon  the  death  of  the  senior  partner,  in  1835, 
he  was  admitted  to  a partnership,  and  the  firm-style 
changed  to  John  F.  Dair  & Co.  This  firm  in  time  relin 
quished  the  grocery  business  and  gave  their  whole  attention 
to  seeds  and  agricultural  imjflements,  for  which  branch  our 


subject,  William  Stoms,  had  great  natural  taste,  and  the 
firm  speedily  became  one  of  the  most  widely  known  of  any 
in  that  line  throughout  the  .South  and  West.  In  1865, 
after  a harmonious  and  profitable  association  of  over  thirty 
years,  John  F.  Dair  retired,  and  Mr.  Stoms  associated  with 
him  his  two  sons,  under  the  firm-name  of  William  Stoms  & 
Sons.  After  getting  his  “ boys  ” fairly  started,  he  relin- 
quished mercantile  life  and  retired  to  the  enjoyment  of  the 
legitimate  fruits  of  his  years  of  energetic  and  unceasing 
application  to  his  business,  and  has  since  lived  in  quiet 
retirement.  Many  events  of  his  public  life  are  worthy  of 
historic  note.  He  has  been  for  twenty-five  years  an 
honored  member  of,  and  for  two  years  presided  over,  the 
Cincinnati  Horticultural  Society,  an  association  as  old  as 
the  Queen  City  herself,  and  which  has  enrolled  the  names 
of  very  many  such  men  as  Nicholas  Longworth,  Robert 
Buchanan,  Dr.  J.  A.  Warder  and  Henry  Probasco.  He 
was  a delegate  from  the  First  District  of  Ohio  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention,  which  convened  at 
Chicago,  May  20lh,  1868,  and  nominated  Ceneral  U.  S. 
Crant  for  the  Presidency.  In  April,  1870,  he  was  elected 
as  the  first  representative  of  the  First  Ward  in  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  of  Cincinnati,  which  had  just  been  created, 
and  served  his  constituents  faithfully  and  efficiently  for  two 
years.  He  was  appointed  Park  Commissioner,  April  27th, 
1872,  by  Hon.  S.  S.  Davis,  then  Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  and 
unanimously  confirmed  by  the  Common  Council.  In  1875, 
though  an  avowed  and  earnest  Republican,  he  was  the 
recipient  of  the  unusual  honor  of  a reappointment  by  the 
Democratic  incumbent,  Hon.  Ceorge  W.  C.  Johnston,  and 
was  again  unanimously  confirmed  by  the  Council,  a ma- 
jority of  which  belonged  to  the  opposite  political  party. 
The  Park  Board  is  compeaed  of  the  best  and  most  resjiected 
citizens,  and  has  done  much  to  increase  the  attractiveness 
and  comfort  of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  jui-y  in  the 
condemnation  cases  of  the  property  upon  the  site  of  the  new 
Post  Office  and  Custom  House  building,  which  occupied 
the  United  States  Court  for  thirty-nine  consecutive  days 
and  involved  about  $1,000,000.  The  awards  of  the  jury 
were  awaited  with  the  greatest  anxiety,  and  the  event  was 
one  of  great  interest  to  the  city.  His  son.  Captain  Horace 
C.  Stoms,  was  appointed  Internal  Revenue  Assessor  of  the 
First  Ohio  District,  by  Andrew'  Johnson,  and  continued  in 
that  office  by  reappointment  of  U.  S.  Crant  until  March 
1st,  1871,  when  he  was  removed  by  the  intervention  of 
Jesse  R.  Crant,  the  father  of  the  President,  who  was  then 
Postmaster  at  Covington,  Kentucky.  The  questions  in 
dispute  were  fully  discussed  in  the  public  press,  and  are 
properly  a part  of  the  history  of  Grant’s  administration. 
Jesse  R.  Crant,  though  an  old  man  and  unfit  for  active 
business,  insisted  upon  making  the  a]ipointments  of  gaugers 
in  Mr.  Stoms’  district,  and  was  for  a time  allowed  to  make 
suggestions,  and  his  reasonable  demands  granted  ; but  when 
he  came  from  an  applicant  for  a certain  position,  with  an 
offer  of  $500,  which  he  actually  [iroposed  to  accept  and 


30 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


divide  willi  ihe  assessor,  he  was  peremptorily  and  indig- 
nantly refused.  The  quarrel  which  followed  was  full  of 
bitterness,  resulting  in  the  removal  of  Captain  Stoms  and 
the  estrangement  of  the  principal  actors;  but  Jesse  R. 
Grant,  upon  his  death-bed,  expressed  his  regret  that  the 
quarrel  had  taken  place,  and  expressed  a desire  to  see  his 
old  friend  William  Stoms.  He  was  married,  October  12th, 
1837,  to  Eliza  L.  Mears,  a lady  of  rare  culture  and  refine- 
ment, and  who  has  proved  a devoted  wife  and  mother,  and 
who  sprung  from  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  the  Miami 
valley.  Seven  children,  six  sons  and  one  daughter,  have 
been  born  to  them,  all  of  whom  survive  except  the  eldest, 
William  G.  Stoms.  The  others  are  spared  to  add  comfort 
and  peace  to  the  declining  years  of  the  estimable  pair.  In 
great  measure  self-made  and  self-educated,  he  ranks  among 
the  most  prominent  and  respected  denizens  of  the  Queen 
City,  and  well  deserves  to  have  his  name  enrolled  in  the 
histoi-y  of  his  adopted  city  as  “ one  of  its  builders.” 


ASTLE,  MARSHALL  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Essex,  Chittenden  county,  in  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont, on  April  21st,  1822,  and  came  to  Cleve- 
land with  his  family  in  1827,  being  then  five 
years  of  age.  He  remained  in  the  various 
schools  of  the  village  until  1834,  when  his 
then  prosperous  builder,  died  of  the  cholera, 
leaving  him,  at  the  age  of  a little  over  twelve,  with  several 
brothers  and  sisters  a burden  and  charge  upon  a vigorous 
and  energetic  but  proud  and  ambitious  mother.  He  im- 
mediately sought  employment.  Many  remember  him  as  a 
boy-clerk  in  the  dry-goods  store  of  the  late  Solomon  L. 
Severance,  with  whom  he  lived  for  about  a year,  when  he 
entered  upon  the  trade  of  a watchmaker  with  David  E. 
Field,  now  of  New  York.  Here  he  evinced  the  taste  and 
inclination  which  led  him  to  the  profession  of  the  law. 
Early  in  A\pril,  1841,  he  left  for  the  city  of  Tremont,  then 
called  Lower  Sandusky,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Hon. 
John  L.  Greene,  as  a law  student,  where  he  pursued  his 
studies  until  June,  1844,  with  his  brother-in-law  and  most 
w.atchful  and  attached  friend,  when  he  was  admitted  to 
pr.actise  law.  It  is  worthy  of  note  in  this  connection  that 
in  this  county  the  avenues  to  education  are  open  to  effort 
and  energy,  and  that  its  highest  branches  may  be  attained 
by  ardent  labor  and  persistent  zeal.  For  nearly  five  years 
Mr.  Castle,  then  a boy  and  pursuing  his  daily  occupation, 
having  attracted  the  notice  of  several  gentlemen  of  learning 
and  education,  among  whom  were  General  Calvin  C.  Wal- 
ler and  Francis  A.  Burroughs,  received  regular  and  steady 
teaching  and  instruction  from  them.  General  Waller  was 
a lawyer,  and  encour.aged  young  Castle’s  ambition  to  enter 
upon  the  profession.  Mr.  Burroughs  was  a gentleman  of 
leisure  and  of  great  ability,  and  watched  his  young  friend’s 
opening  intellect  with  an  interest  only  excelled  by  his  love. 


In  June,  1844,  he  returned  to  Cleveland,  formed  a partner- 
ship with  George  W.  Lynde,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  the  law.  Few  men  have  spent  a busier  life  or  had  from 
the  beginning  more  varied  professional  engagements  than 
he.  He  has  credit  at  the  bar  for  clear  and  sound  judg- 
ment, for  plain  and  concise  opinions,  for  great  generosity 
and  liberality  in  the  bestowal  of  his  services,  and  for  an  un- 
changing courage  and  persistency  in  the  attainment  of  an 
end  he  believes  just.  But  he  is  most  conspicuous  and  far 
the  best  known  as  a jury  lawyer.  It  is  here  that  he  best 
evinces  the  peculiar  powers  of  his  nature,  and  here  the 
brilliant  talents  which  have  long  distinguished  him  as  an 
advocate  shine  most  conspicuously.  It  is  not  alone  the 
richness  of  his  flow  of  language  and  choice  of  words:  nor 
is  it  in  the  inimitable  beauty  of  his  fancy,  nor  the  glowing 
figures  his  imagination  paints  and  hands  over  to  his 
listeners,  like  old  memories  from  real  life.  It  is  in  an 
electric  thrill  born  of  all  these,  with  an  added  sense  of  his 
earnestness,  his  naturalness,  his  own  conviction,  and  his 
personal  and  spiritual  identity  with  his  theme.  Wonderful 
and  effective  as  this  power  is  in  man,  he  has  it  in  a marvel- 
lous degree,  and  exercises  it  at  the  bar  and  on  the  rostrum. 
As  a criminal  lawyer,  he  has  few  equals  and  no  superiors. 
He  has  had  great  experience  in  defences,  and  has  officially 
prosecuted  for  Cuyahoga  county  from  1865  to  1867.  He 
has  defended  in  some  of  the  cases  of  homicide  most  known 
and  best  remembered  at  Cleveland  for  the  very  long  and 
learned  conduct  of  the  trials.  The  State  against  Spooner 
he  defended  on  the  plea  of  insanity,  and  successfully, 
making  one  of  the  best  arguments  of  his  life.  He  defended 
Dr.  Hughs  for  the  murder  of  Miss  Tamsen  Parsons,  a trial 
which  lasted  about  twenty  days  and  in  which  also  the  plea 
of  insanity  was  interposed,  and  in  which  his  argument  for 
the  defendant  was  over  seven  hours  in  length.  He  de- 
fended Mrs.  Victor  for  the  poisoning  of  her  brother,  and  in 
her  case  held  the  court  and  jury  for  twelve  days  over  the 
evidence  and  the  facts  on  the  question  of  her  sanity.  In 
politics  he  was  originally  a Whig,  but  supported  Douglas  in 
1856  and  after.  But  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  late  war  he 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  Northern  defenders  of  the  nation, 
and  all  through  stood  by  his  country  in  every  emergency, 
aiding  bv  every  means  to  fill  up  the  ranks  of  the  Federal 
army.  Well  is  remembered  the  day,  April  28ih,  1865,  when 
the  body  of  the  murdered  Lincoln  lay  in  the  park  in  Cleve- 
land. Well  remembered  also,  on  being  called  to  speak 
to  the  sad  and  grief-stricken  populace,  the  words  of  elo- 
quence and  power  with  which  he  clothed  his  thoughts  on 
that  gloomy  and  solemn  day.  It  will  be  seen  that  Mr. 
Castle  has  been  at  the  bar  for  thirty-one  years.  He  has 
been  for  the  most  part  in  good  health,  and  has  industriously 
followed  his  profession.  He  has  been  engaged  in  many 
cases  of  that  exciting  character  which  leave  a lasting  recol- 
lection, and  in  all  of  which  he  has  made  a very  conspicuous 
mark.  He  is  a younger-looking  man  than  he  really  is,  is 
in  the  veiy  strength  and  vigor  of  his  manhood,  and  bids  fair 


niOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


to  fulfil  the  hopes  and  expectations  of  his  friends.  lie 
married  Helen  M.  Beaugrande  in  September,  1S44,  and 
has  had  three  children  : Nellie  M.  Burt  being  the  oldest 
and  Maggie  Castle  the  youngest,  his  only  son,  Marshall  H., 
having  died  at  sixteen  years  and  three  months  of  age. 
Personally,  he  is  stoutly  built,  about  five  feet  eight  and  one- 
half  inches  high,  with  a brilliant  dark  gray  eye  and  dark 
brown  hair.  His  love  of  his  country  and  reverence  for  the 
Constitution  are  known  to  all  men  who  know  him,  and 
enter  into  and  patriotically  color  every  act  and  principle 
of  his  life. 


||RO\VN,  WILLIAM  E.,  Lawyer  and  Banker,  was 
born  at  Xenia,  Ohio,  November  13th,  1825. 


His  parents  were  Edward  and  Anne  (Mitchell) 
Brown.  They  w'ere  both  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  came  to  Ohio  only  a year  previous  to 
the  birth  of  their  son.  In  the  way  of  schooling 
Mr.  Brown  enjoyed  only  very  meagre  advantages,  and  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  shoe- 
making. Having,  however,  a taste  for  books  and  an 
ambition  to  better  his  condition,  he  so  much  improved  his 
education  by  private  study  that  by  the  time  he  was  eighteen 
he  was  able  to  teach  school.  At  nineteen  he  began  the 
study  of  law,  and  supported  himself  by  his  trade  until  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  1849.  He  soon  after  started 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  city  of  Hamilton,  where 
he  still  resides ; and  after  the  usual  term  of  penury  and 
disappointment,  which  marks  the  opening  of  most  profes- 
sional careers,  he  acquired  a fair  patronage  and  began  to 
form  that  reputation  for  sound  judgment  and  integrity 
which  the  subsequent  course  of  his  life  has  so  distinctly 
confirmed.  Butler  county  from  time  immemorial  having 
been  the  unassailable  stronghold  of  the  Democracy  in 
Ohio,  and  Mr.  Brown  being  an  unflinching  Republican, 
the  professional  career  he  chose  was  not  the  open  sesame 
to  public  life  with  him  as  with  the  average  lawyer  in 
American  country  towns.  But  he  is  not  of  the  throng  who 
live  to  repent  the  sacrifice  of  their  principles  and  at  the 
same  time  mourn  the  disappointment  of  their  hopes,  for, 
with  the  best  qualifications  for  public  usefulness,  he  has 
been  singularly  free  from  political  ambition.  The  failure 
of  his  health  long  ago  compelled  him  to  relinquish  his 
profession  and  engage  in  pursuits  that  permit  greater 
physical  exercise.  For  a time  he  retired  to  a farm  and 
gave  his  attention  to  agriculture.  Later,  he  engaged  in 
the  insurance  business,  and  in  1870  was  made  President  of 
the  Second  National  Bank  of  Hamilton.  In  the  confidence 
which  his  management  has  inspired  the  deposits  of  the 
institution  have  increased  from  ^in,c»oto  $350,000,  and 
he  has  erected  an  elegant  stone  bank  building,  four  stories 
in  height,  and  one  of  the  most  tasteful  architectural  efforts 
in  the  town.  For  many  years  he  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  real  estate  business,  and  his  dealings  have  been  very 


successful.  Having  recited  the  struggles  of  his  early  life, 
it  may  be  quite  superfluous  to  add  that  he  is  a self-made 
man ; and  the  plane  to  which  he  has  gravitated  may  like- 
wise be  inferred  from  the  honorable  and  responsible  position 
which'  he  has  been  called  to  occupy.  He  was  married, 
January  22d,  1852,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  Beckett, 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Butler  county.  He  has  had  eight 
children,  si,x  of  whom  survive,  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters, a son  and  a daughter  having  died. 


"ROSBY,  GEORGE,  Merchant,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, Pennsylvania,  May  21st,  1817,  and  is 
of  English  and  Irish  descent.  His  father  died 
when  he  was  but  six  years  of  age,  and  he  was  in 
consequence  of  that  event  obliged  to  leave  school 
at  the  early  age  of  thirteen  to  go  into  business. 
Five  years  later,  when  eighteen  years  of  age,  by  great  per- 
severance and  industry  he  was  enabled  to  enter  Marion 
College,  in  Missouri.  But  his  dearest  hopes  were  soon 
blasted  by  ill-health,  which  compelled  him  to  relinquish 
the  object  almost  within  his  grasp,  and  on  which  his  heart 
was  wholly  centred — a classical  education.  When  but  a 
youth  he  was  admitted  to  membership  in  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association  of  Philadelphia,  and  being  a great 
reader  improved  all  of  his  leisure  lime  in  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  books,  of  which  he  had  been  deprived  by  a 
combination  of  circumstances.  Ere  he  had  attained  his 
majority  he  allied  himself  with  the  American  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  has  been  one  of  the  most  efficient 
j workers  and  organizers  of  that  great  home  missionary 
I enterprise.  That  which  has  rendered  him  most  conspicu- 
ous is  his  great  executive  ability.  In  1841  he  organized  in 
his  native  city  the  Young  Men’s  Temperance  Society,  and 
made  his  first  public  speech ; from  that  society  sprang, 
under  his  manipulations,  the  first  and  largest  Division  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance  in  Pennsylvania.  It  was  organ- 
ized in  the  spring  of  1844,  he  being  one  of  the  charter 
members.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
Grand  Scribe  of  the  State;  in  1845  Grand  Worthy  Asso- 
ciate; in  1846  Grand  Worthy  Patriarch,  being  the  recog- 
nized head  of  the  order  throughout  the  State.  At  the  Third 
Annual  Session  of  the  National  Division,  in  New  York 
city,  in  1846,  although  the  youngest  member  of  that  body, 
he  was  elected  Most  Worthy  Conductor;  and  in  1856,  at 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  he  was  elected  to  the  highest  office 
save  one  in  the  National  Division  of  North  America.  In 
1855  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  opened  a book 
store,  which  has  since  been,  and  is  now,  the  head-quarters 
of  the  American  Sunday-School  Union  and  of  the  Sons  of 
Temperance.  Mr.  Crosby  is  a steadfast,  earnest  and  sincere 
advocate  of  every  reform  which  is  destined  to  improve 
society;  a true  and  sympathizing  friend  of  every  unfortunate 
person  within  the  circle  of  his  acquaintance;  a genial  and 


32 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHLDIA. 


valued  companion  of  all  his  associates.  In  1840  he  united 
with  the  P’ifth  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia.  He 
is  now  an  elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cin- 
cinnati. He  has  been  married  twice : first,  in  1840,  to 
Martha  J.  Northrop,  of  Philadelphia,  and  lastly,  in  1S68,  to 
Clara  A.  Hewitt,  of  Cincinnati. 


*'ORWIN,  THOMAS,  Lawyer  and  Statesman,  was 
born  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  July  29th, 
1794.  In  1798  his  father  with  his  family  re- 
moved from  Kentucky  to  Ohio  and  located  at 
Lebanon,  Warren  county,  where  his  distinguished 
son  lived,  and  where  his  remains  now  repose. 
Matthew  Corwin,  the  father,  was  a representative  man  in 
the  legislative  halls  of  the  State  and  on  the  bench,  and  died 
in  1829.  During  the  war  of  1812  Thomas  Corwin,  then  a 
lad  of  seventeen,  won  the  title  of  “ The  Wagoner  Boy  ” by 
driving  his  father’s  team  to  the  frontier,  carrying  supplies  to 
our  almost  famished  armies.  He  commenced  reading  law 
In  1816,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817;  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney,  March  24th, 
1818,  and  performed  the  duties  of  that  office  till  1830.  In 
1822  his  public  career  commenced  ; in  that  year  he  was 
elected  a member  of  the  lower  House  of  the  General  As- 
sembly of  Ohio.  Soon  after  his  election,  on  November 
13th,  1822,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Ross,  sister  of  the  late 
Hon.  Thomas  R.  Ross,  who  served  three  terms  in  the  lower 
House  of  Congress.  The  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  the 
same  house  in  which  he  lived  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and 
in  which  his  widow,  Mrs.  Corwin,  now  eighty  years  of  age, 
resides.  Having  served  his  term  in  the  General  Assembly, 
he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  jirofession  until  1829,  when 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  General  Assembly.  In  1830 
he  was  elected  a Representative  to  Congress,  and  continued 
to  represent  his  district  till  1S40,  when  he  was  nominated 
for  Governor  at  Columbus,  on  February  22d,  and  that  year 
was  elected  to  that  office ; he  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress, 
to  take  effect  the  following  May.  In  1842  he  was  a candi- 
date again  for  Governor,  but  was  defeated.  In  1845  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate.  In  1850  he  was 
appointed  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury  by  President  Fillmore. 
In  1858  and  in  i860  he  was  re-elected  to  Congress.  In 
1861  President  Lincoln  appointed  him  Minister  to  Mexico, 
and  he  sailed  for  that  country  on  April  nth,  1861,  one  day 
before  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1864,  when,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  he 
again  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Washington  City. 
On  the  evening  of  December  15th,  1865,  while  attending 
an  evening  party  given  by  James  C.  Wetmore  to  the  distin- 
guished men  of  Ohio,  among  whom  were  Chase,  Wade, 
Sherman,  Schenck,  Bingham,  Ward  and  others.  Governor 
Corwin  was  stricken  down  with  apoplexy,  and  in  two  hours 
was  unconscious,  and  thus  lingered  until  the  l8th  instant, 


when  he  died.  On  the  19th  instant  a meeting  was  held  in 
the  large  reception-room  of  the  Senate  chamber,  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  expression  to  the  deep  sorrow  of  his 
many  friends.  At  this  meeting  Chief-Justice  Chase  pre- 
sided. Many  elegant  but  merited  tributes  were  there  paid 
the  honored  dead.  Among  the  speakers  were  Chase, 
Seward,  Sherman,  Davis  and  others.  A committee  con- 
sisting of  Hons.  R.  B.  Hays,  Benjamin  Eggleston,  Samuel 
Shellabarger,  J.  A.  Garfield  and  Major  Swain  was  ap- 
pointed to  accompany  his  remains  to  Ohio.  They  reached 
his  home  on  the  22d  instant.  The  casket  containing  all 
that  was  mortal  of  Ohio’s  favorite  son  lay  in  state  in  his 
library  until  the  26th  instant,  where  it  was  visited  by  large 
numbers  of  his  numerous  friends  and  admirers.  On  that 
day,  as  the  sun  was  descending  the  western  hills,  the  last 
funeral  rites  were  performed,  and  the  sorrowing  multitude 
bade  a final  adieu  to  their  eloquent  orator,  great  statesman 
and  dearly  beloved  friend. 


RAMBLE,  DAVID  D.,  M.  D.,  was  born,  Decem- 
ber nth,  1839,  at  Montgomery,  Hamilton  county, 
Oliio.  His  parents  were  among  the  early  settlers 
of  the  county,  and  of  English  origin.  He  at- 
tended school  .some  little,  and  worked  until  his 
fourteenth  year,  when,  having  gathered  a little 
money,  he  entered  Farmers’  College,  at  College  Hill,  Ohio. 
After  completing  his  college  course  he  entered  the  inter- 
mediate school  at  Montgomery  as  a teacher.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  a year  and  a half  he  was  appointed  principal  of 
the  same  school.  This  position  he  held  for  two  years  and 
a half.  During  the  time  he  was  eng.aged  in  this  school  he 
lived  and  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Jones,  of 
Montgomei'y.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  entered  the  Ohio 
Medical  College  as  a student.  He  attended  two  courses 
of  lectures,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1862.  Imme- 
diately afterward  he  was  appointed  House  Physician  in  the 
Commercial  Hospital,  and  served  for  one  y'ear.  In  1863 
he  located  on  Broadway,  Cincinnati,  in  general  practice, 
and  was  at  the  same  time  appointed  District  Physician  in 
the  Thirteenth  Ward.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was 
appointed  Physician  of  the  Pest  House.  This  position  he 
resigned,  after  holding  it  for  three  years  and  a half.  In 
1866  he  accepted  the  chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  During  this  time  he 
served  as  Treasurer  of  the  college.  This  professorship  he 
held  until  1872,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of 
Surgery  and  made  Dean  of  the  college.  These  two  ]K)- 
sitions  he  still  occupies.  He  is  a member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  the 
Cincinnati  Medical  Society  and  the  Cincinnati  Academy 
of  Medicine.  He  is  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Medical  AWvs,  an  able  medical  monthly,  and  is  one 
of  its  editors.  A large  private  practice  is  now  enjoyed  by 


SSCJLETAILY  OS'  TEE  TEEASUSOr 


V 


Ik 


- •i-Jr 


•■  ,* 

! »\  * ■' 

i ■ * /'• 

-.*'  *•'  ■ *.  1 , • 


' .‘  ' “^  -45  ■<« 


nt 


-^■ 


I ». 


t'  ■ ji/V'n 


V'  > 


'M 


aMimn 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIPLDIA. 


33 


him,  and  lo  it,  the  college  and  the  Medical  K’ervs  he  devotes 
his  entire  attention.  He  has  a fine  liealtliy  physique,  is  in 
the  prime  of  life  and  has  doubtless  yet  before  him  a valu- 
able career. 


I^OWEKAMP,  F.  IP,  Lawyer  and  Magistrate.  For 
' all  practical  purposes  the  workings  of  a free  gov- 
ernment and  free  institutions  are  sufficiently  illus- 
trated by  the  career  of  Mr.  F.  H.  Rowekamp. 
It  clearly  demonstrates  that  energy  and  real  worth 
need  not  fail  of  recognition  even  without  money 
or  friends  as  a basis.  He  is  one  of  those  who,  while  he 
never  despised  the  day  of  small  things,  was  ever  on  the  alert 
to  create  circumstances  by  which  he  could  not  only  better 
his  condition  in  life  but  raise  himself  morally  and  intellectu- 
ally above  the  standard  fixed  for  the  illiterate  and  indigent 
under  the  tyrannical  governments  of  Europe.  He  is  the  son 
of  John  and  Margaret  Rowekamp,  of  the  county  of  Diep- 
holf,  in  the  kingdom  of  Hanover,  where  he  was  born  April 
24th,  1817.  Having  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  father,  while 
still  a child,  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  supporting  him- 
self and  the  rest  of  the  family  at  a very  tender  age;  and 
could  only  attend  the  winter  school  during  the  winter 
months.  In  the  summer  of  1831,  his  mother  together  with 
his  uncle  and  his  family  determined  on  going  to  America. 
They  embarked  on  a vessel  at  Bremen  in  October  of  tliat 
year,  and  after  a tedious  voyage  of  fourteen  weeks  they 
landed  at  Baltimore  in  the  beginning  of  January,  1832. 
From  Baltimore  the  party  walked  over  the  mountains  to 
Pittsburgh,  and  from  thence  proceeded  to  Cincinnati  direct 
by  river,  it  being  the  time  of  the  great  flood.  Arriving  at 
Cincinnati  in  the  month  of  February  without  friends,  with 
but  little  money,  and  a very  limited  knowledge  of  English, 
our  readers  will  agree  that  their  circumstances  were  not  of 
the  most  auspicious  character ; but  not  being  afraid  to  work 
he  might  very  soon  have  been  seen  going  from  house  fo 
house  inquiring  of  the  ladies  in  his  imperfect  way,  “ If  she 
wanted  to  saw  that  wood  ? ” when  the  door  would  often  he 
slammed  in  his  face  with  a “ No.”  His  persistency,  how- 
ever, was  soon  rewarded,  and  he  earned  his  first  money  in 
that  way.  Having  worn  out  that  job,  he  was  next  employed 
to  drive  a team  of  oxen.  In  November,  1832,  it  was  his 
misfortune  to  lose  his  beloved  mother  by  cholera;  after 
which  he  moved  to  what  is  now  called  Avondale,  where  he 
was  engaged  during  the  winter  at  chopping  wood,  and  dur- 
ing the  summer  at  brickmaking.  He  was  principally  em- 
ployed in  this  way  until  1838,  when  he  moved  to  the  city 
and  commenced  work  at  the  .saddle-tree  business,  for  Ba.ssett 
& Kendle,  on  Ninth  .street.  But  although  during  the  pre- 
vious six  years  he  had  seldom  been  absent  from  his  post 
during  working  hours,  he  had  been  a diligent  student  of  the 
English  language  ; the  mode  of  procedure  being  as  follows  : 
he  would  read  a chapter  in  the  German  Bililc,  and  then 
read  and  reread  the  same  in  English,  until  he  in  that  way 

5 


became  familiar  with  the  words,  and  at  last  able  to  read  any 
passage,  and  to  this  fact,  unimportant  as  it  may  first  aj-ipear, 
all  that  he  has  been  or  to-day  is ; for  it  being  known  that  he 
could  read  both  English  and  German,  he  was  one  day  sent 
for  by  Mayor  Davis  to  translate  the  evidence  of  a German 
witness  who  had  been  called  upon  to  testify  on  some  case 
before  him.  This  brought  him  into  notice  and  inspired 
him  with  confidence  in  his  own  ability  to  improve  his  mind 
and  become  somebody  and  do  something,  although  he  was 
fearfully  abashed  at  first  in  the  presence  of  the  chief  magis- 
trate in  his  working  clothes.  After  working  at  the  saddle- 
tree business  for  about  one  year  he  was  married  to  Sarah 
Jane  Feeldon,  and  from  that  time  forward  worked  at  any- 
thing that  offered,  grading  streets  and  other  laborious  work. 
But  after  awhile  he  obtained  the  position  of  boss  of  a squad 
of  navvies  who  were  grading  the  first  mile  of  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad.  Not  content  with  this  he  conceived  the 
idea  of  commencing  the  trade  of  a mason  ; and  suiting  his 
action  to  the  thought  he  went  to  work  with  a will,  and  in  a 
short  time  had  so  perfected  himself  that  he  was  able  to  draw 
a journeyman’s  wages.  Still  he  was  not  satisfied,  and  it  was 
well  it  was  not  so,  for  it  induced  him  to  take  jobs  on  his 
j own  account,  and  among  other  pieces  of  work  erected  by 
him  we  may  mention  the  Race  street  canal  bridge.  But  as 
already  intimated  he  was  always  on  the  outlook  for  some- 
thing better  while  making  the  most  of  what  he  had.  And 
having  a consciousness  that  he  was  not  vet  in  his  element, 

I o ] 1 

; he  was  ready  in  April,  1844,  to  accept  the  office  of  Consta- 
ble of  the  Ninth  Ward,  to  which  he  was  then  and  in  1845- 
’46-47  elected.  He  was  a member  of  the  City  Councils 
from  the  same  ward  in  1848-49-50.  In  April,  1848,  he 
was  also  appointed  Deputy-Sheriff.  During  his  term  in  the 
council  he  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Furguson  & Hodge, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853.  From  December  2d, 
1850,  to  1865,  a period  of  fifteen  years,  he  was  elected  and 
re-elected  a magistrate.  He  was  elected  a member  of  the 
School  Board  in  1855,  and  in  that  unthankful  but  responsi- 
ble position  he  labored  with  untiring  devotion  for  ten  years. 
Having  suffered  enough  for  want  of  early  advantages  to 
make  him  appreciate  them,  he  did  everything  in  his  power 
to  perfect  the  system  of  the  city  schools ; in  fact  many  of 
the  excellent  rules  now  in  force  owe  their  paternity  to  him. 
' In  1872  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  many  friends  were 
I again  manifest  by  his  election  to  the  magistracy.  Having 
j lost  his  first  wife,  Mr.  Rowekamp  was  married  the  second 
time  in  1852  to  Ellen  Miller,  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Miller,  of  Greene  township.  The  frequent  re-elections  to  the 
.same  office  which  have  characterized  the  public  career  of 
Esquire  Rowekamp  is  the  best  mark  of  appreciation  that  a 
generous  public  can  bestow,  anrl  when  we  contemplate  the 
piecemeal  educational  discipline  to  which  he  was  compelled 
to  subject  himself,  long  after  he  had  become  of  age,  in 
order  to  qualify  himself  for  the  responsible  jrositions  he  has 
held,  we  arc  at  a loss  lo  know  which  most  to  admire,  the 

I . . 

, high  aims,  the  energy,  and  the  untiring  pursuit  of  an  object 


34 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


ill  the  man,  or  the  institutions  of  a broad,  free  and  noble 
country  which  permits  one  to  pass  for  all  he  is  worth.  We 
leave  our  readers  to  compile  a mental  analysis  of  the  .suliject 
of  this  notice  from  the  salient  points  of  his  history,  and  only 
add  that  all  through  his  busy  career  he  has  found  time  to 
attend  to  religious  as  well  as  secular  duties ; and  never  fails 
to  range  himself  on  the  side  of  the  moral  and  the  right. 
He  is  a man  of  strong  common  sense,  and  is  one  of  those 
])ractical  men  who  make  few  mistakes  because  they  first 
make  sure  they  are  right  and  then  go  ahead.  He  forms 
very  strong  attachments,  and  has  gathered  about  him  a host 
of  warm  friends. 


ILLIAMSON,  PAUL  PL,  Recorder  of  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio,  w.as  born,  May  28th,  1837,  in  Cole- 
rain  township,  in  the  same  county,  and  was  the 
second  of  four  children  whose  parents  were  David 
Williamson  and  Elizabeth  Huston.  The  former, 
a native  of  New  Jersey,  at  the  age  of  nine  mouths, 
was  brought  by  his  parents  to  this  township  in  l8il,and 
there  he  has  since  resided.  A sketch  of  his  interesting- life 
will  be  found  in  its  appropriate  place  in  this  volume.  His 
wife  was  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  her  family  having 
been  among  the  earliest  pioneers  to  the  West.  Paul,  their 
son,  was  liberally  educated,  and  perfected  his  studies  at 
P’armers’  College.  Plis  first  occupation  was  that  of  teach- 
ing, for  which  he  had  an  unusual  aptitude  not  only  in  man- 
ner but  in  method  as  well,  and  for  nine  months  the  duties 
of  this  position  confined  his  attention.  In  May,  1S57,  he 
went  to  Iowa  and  found  employment  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, and  in  the  fall  of  that  year,  with  three  friends,  travelled 
by  wagon  through  the  greater  part  of  this  State,  Missouri 
and  Kansas.  Reaching  Aviston,  Illinois,  the  same  year, 
he  was  selected  as  teacher  of  a flourishing  school,  and  re- 
mained here  during  the  ensuing  winter.  In  April,  1S58, 
in  company  with  a friend  he  started  overland  to  California, 
meeting  at  Leavenworth  an  emigrant  train  which  he  accom- 
panied to  the  same  destination.  Their  route  was  via  Santa 
I'e  and  the  thirty-fifth  parallel.  Lieutenant  Beale’s  route 
across  New  Mexico,  and  while  on  this  wearisome  journey 


the  party  were  attacked  on  the  Colorado  river  by  Indians 
and  eight  were  slain.  They  lost  their  wagons  and  stock, 
and  through  a gauntlet  of  hostile  Indians,  and  suffering  the 
most  exquisite  privations,  were  compelled  to  return  eaT,  a 
distance  of  seven  hundred  miles,  to  Albuquerque.  At  Albu- 
(pierque  Mr.  Williamson  left  the  party,  taking  his  way  to 
Itl  Paso,  Mexico,  remaining  there  two  weeks,  and  then  join- 
ing a Mexican  wagon  train  to  San  Antonio,  Texas.  In  a 
.short  time  he  left  this  place  for  Sequin,  Texas,  where  for 
nine  months  he  taught  school.  In  the  fall  of  1859  he  made 
the  journey  to  Columbia,  Arkansas,  on  horseback,  where  he 
a^ain  became  teacher,  and  filled  this  station  with  great  suc- 
ce.ss  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  Thence  he 
proceeded  to  New  Orleans,  again  north  to  St.  Louis,  arriv- 


ing at  this  place  shortly  after  the  cajiture  of  Fort  Sumter, 
and  then  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
From  February,  1870,  until  1874,  he  acted  as  Deputy  Clerk 
of  the  Probate  Court  of  Hamilton  county.  In  October, 
1873,  he  was  elected  County  Recorder,  and  still  retains  that 
responsible  office.  He  was  married,  November  l,  1870,  to 
Ada  Jack,  a daughter  of  a pioneer  of  Clermont  county,  (Jhio, 
and  is  the  father  of  two  children.  He  is  a Democrat.  His 
life  has  been  one  filled  with  startling  incidents  and  romantic 
episodes. 

TALLO,  JOHN  BERNARD,  Lawyer  and  Author, 
was  born  March  i6th,  1823,  at  Sierhauseu,  in  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Germany,  where  his 
father  was  a school  teacher.  After  receiving  his 
elementary  education  he  was  carefully  trained  in 
the  ancient  languages  and  mathematics.  In  1839 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  .States,  and  at  first  took  up  his 
abode  at  Cincinnati,  where,  after  having  charge  of  a private 
school  for  a few  months,  he  became  a teacher  in  St.  Xavier's 
College,  then  recently  established.  There  he  devoted  all 
his  leisure  hours  to  the  study  of  mathematics,  physics,  and 
chemistry,  and  in  the  fall  of  1843  was  appointed  Profes.sor 
of  Physics  and  Chemistry  in  St.  John’s  College,  New  York. 
In  this  capacity  he  served  until  the  end  of  1847,  when,  after 
publishing  his  “General  Principles  of  the  Philosophy  of 
Nature”  (Boston,  1848),  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  the 
law,  and  returned  to  Cincinnati.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1849,  *853  was  appointed  by  Governor  Wood 

to  fill  a vacancy  in  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  District 
Courts  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  to  the  same  position  by  the  people,  but 
resigned  in  1855  and  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  in 
which  he  has  been  engaged  ever  since,  having  never  sought 
or  held  any  office  other  than  the  judicial  one  above  referred 
to,  except  that  he  was  for  a number  of  years  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Public  Schools,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati.  In 
1S70  he  was  of  counsel  for  the  Board  of  Education,  in  the 
city  of  Cincinnati,  in  the  case  of  Minor  and  others  i/j.  The 
Board  of  Education,  involving  the  cjueslion  whether  or  not 
a resolution  passed  by  the  board  to  prohibit  the  reading  of 
the  Bible  and  other  religious  exercises  in  the  public  schools, 
supported  by  the  general  taxation  of  all  the  inhabitants  of 
the  State,  without  distinction  of  creed,  was  valid.  His 
argument,  with  those  of  his  colleagues  and  opponents,  may 
be  found  in  a volume,  entitled  “ The  Bible  in  the  Public 
.Schools,”  published  by  Robert  Clark  & Co.,  Cincinnati. 
Judge  Stallo  is  .also  an  occasional  contributor  to  the  scien- 
tific and  other  monthlies,  such  as  the  “ Popular  Science 
Monthly,”  writing  chiefly  on  scientific  subjects.  He  has 
but  rarely  taken  any  part  in  political  movements.  Drigin- 
ally  a Democrat,  ho  advocated  the  election  of  General 
Fremont  in  1S56,  and  continued  to  act  with  the  Rcirublican 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


35 


party  until  1S72,  when  he  sympathized  with  the  reform 
movement  whicli  culminated  in  the  Cincinnati  Convention  ; 
hut  being  dissatisfied  with  the  action  of  that  convention, 
retired,  after  delivering  a speech  in  St.  Louis,  in  which  the 
grounds  of  his  opposition  to  General  Schurz  and  others  were 
stated. 


|OLFF,  CHARLFS  IL,  Wholesale  Dry-Goods  Mer- 
chant, was  born  in  Lippe  Detmold,  Prussia,  in 
1824.  Ilis  parents,  who  were  well  educated  and 
highly  respectable  people,  emigrated  with  their 
family  to  America  and  settled  at  Windsor,  Canada, 
opposite  Detroit,  Michigan,  where  Charles  enjoyed 
the  advantages  of  a good  classical  academy,  and  was  also 
for  some  time  under  the  instruction  of  a private  tutor.  He 
made  rapid  progress  in  his  studies,  and  laid  a good  founda- 
tion for  the  thorough  knowledge  he  afterwards  gained 
through  self-culture  of  the  Icngli.->h,  German,  and  French 
languages  and  mathematics;  for,  although  at  the  head  of 
a great  business  establishment  from  a very  early  period  of 
his  life,  he  has  always  found  time  by  a judicious  use  of  spare 
moments  to  prosecute  scientific  and  literary  studies.  In 
biblical  learning  especially,  embracing  history,  chronology, 
geography,  and  doctrines,  few  laymen  have  made  such  pro- 
gress. For  twenty-five  years  he  has  taught  and  is  still 
teaching  one  of  the  largest  Bible  classes  ever  organized  in 
the  State,  and  with  such  marked  success  and  wide  reputa- 
tion that  he  was  three  times  in  succession  elected  President 
of  the  Ohio  State  Sunday-School  Association,  an  organiza- 
tion embracing  all  the  evangelical  denominations  of  the 
State.  In  this  position  Mr.  Wolff  gained  a most  enviable 
reputation  as  a presiding  officer.  His  firmness,  promptness, 
and  great  executive  talents,  together  with  a thorough  knowl- 
edge of  rules  of  order,  combined  to  make  him  remarkably 
successful  and  efficient  as  the  chairman  of  a large  delibera- 
tive body.  Under  his  lead,  during  this  jreriod  of  three 
years,  the  work  of  organization  for  the  promotion  of  Sunday 


school  interests  was  carried  on  with  an  enthusiasm  through- 
out the  State  unknown  before  or  since.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  came  to  Cincinnati  and  was  employed  as  a clerk  in  a 
dry-goods  house,  where  he  rose  so  rapidly  in  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  his  employers  that,  at  the  end  of  two  years,  the 
firm  honored  him  with  their  power  of  attorney,  and  from 
that  time  he  conducted  the  entire  business  correspondence 
of  the  house.  In  his  twentieth  year  he  was  admitted  as  a 
partner,  and  soon  after  laid  the  foundations  of  what  is  now 
one  of  the  leading  wholesale  dry-goods  houses  of  the  West. 

1 he  firm  is  now  composed  of  the  brothers  Charles  IL, 
George  IL,  Alfred,  and  William  F.  Wolff,  131  and  133 
Race  street,  Cincinnati.  In  1840,  when  but  sixteen  years 
old,  Mr.  Wolff  became  a member  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church,  and  has  always  taken  ar.  active  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  denomination,  especially  in  educational  and 
Sunday-school  work.  As  a leading  representative  layman 


of  that  communion  he  has  been  much  before  the  public  as 
a lecturer  on  Sunday-school  and  other  moral  and  relig- 
ious topics.  lie  has  also  written  largely  and  with  marked 
ability  for  various  periodicals  of  the  church.  His  contribu- 
tions of  illustrated  black-boarel  lessons  for  Sunday-schools, 
with  original  designs  by  himself,  to  the  early  volumes  of  the 
“ Golden  Hours  ” will  be  remembered  as  a leading  feature 
of  that  magazine  as  long  as  they  W’ere  continued.  In  1846 
he  was  married  to  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Rev.  L.  Sworm- 
stedt,  widely  known  as  Senior  Agent  for  many  years  of  the 
Methodist  Book  Concern,  Cincinnati.  Three  sons  and  two 
daughters  are  the  fruit  of  this  happy  and  congenial  union. 
Their  home  is  at  Mt.  Washington,  one  of  the  beautiful  sub- 
urban villages  for  which  Cincinnati  is  so  justly  celebrated. 
The  family  residence  is  a noble  mansion  surrounded  by  a 
charming  park  of  many  acres  of  very  great  natural  beauty, 
but  which,  under  the  liberal  and  artistic  cultivation  of  the 
proprietor,  has  become  a most  charming  and  elegant  villa. 
Not  the  least  attractive  feature  of  the  establishment  is  the 
library,  an  unusually  large  and  well-selected  one,  embracing 
a very  wdde  range  of  subjects.  Here  Mr.  W'olff  delights  to 
spend  his  leisure  liours,  being  still  an  enthusiastic  student 
of  the  sciences,  languages,  and  general  literature;  a fact 
w'hich  goes  far  to  account  for  the  freshness,  elasticity  and 
vigor  of  his  mental  faculties  at  an  age  wdien  many  business 
men  begin  to  show  symptoms  of  decline.  He  has  been 
throughout  his  life  a warm,  earnest  friend  to  young  men 
w’ho  were  struggling  to  make  their  w'ay  in  life  and  carve 
out  their  own  fortunes.  His  owm  example,  however,  care- 
fully studied,  is  worth  far  more  to  such  than  any  pecuniary 
assistance  could  be.  It  illustrates  what  energy,  pluck  and 
perseverance  can  accomplish  in  a country  in  which  there  is 
no  royal  road  to  eminence  in  any  department  of  life.  It 
shows  how  a stainless  character  tells  in  the  long  run  on 
even  business  success.  It  proclaims  aloud  in  the  ears  of 
young  men  especially  the  importance  of  good  personal 
habits — halrits  of  temperance,  regularity,  frugality.  It  also 
proves  that  Christian  activity  is  no  hinderance  but  rather  a 
help  to  diligence  and  success  in  business.  It  shows  how'  a 
life  devoted  to  well-doing  in  earnest  labors  for  the  good  of 
mankind  may  be  one  at  the  same  time  of  great  enterprises. 
It  is  in  short  an  example  that  may  well  inspire  in  young 
men  increasing  faith  in  the  Divine  saying,  “ Them  that 
honor  me,  I wdll  honor,” — a law  as  absolute  and  unvarying 
as  that  which  regulates  the  rising  and  setting  of  the  sun. 


ILLIAMS,  ELKANAH,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Ophthal- 
mologist, was  born  in  Lawrence  county,  Indiana, 
December  19th,  1822.  His  father.  Captain  Isaac 
Williams,  was  a soldier  under  General  Jackson 
o in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  one  of  the  early 

settlers  of  tiie  State  of  Indiana,  and  one  of  her 
most  esteemed  and  wealthy  farmers.  His  mother  was  a 


ifj 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


woman  of  rare  traits  of  cnaracter,  many  of  which  Ur.  Wil- 
liams inherited.  Very  early  in  life  he  took  a fancy  for  the 
.study  of  medicine,  and  urged  his  father  to  put  him  in  school 
that  he  might  begin  his  preparation  for  that  profession. 
Accordingly  at  the  age  of  ten  he  entered  the  seminary  at 
Bedford.  Here  he  laid  the  foundation  of  his  collegiate 
education.  Until  his  twenty-first  year  his  time  was  passed 
in  school,  in  teaching,  and  in  working  on  his  father’s  farm. 
He  then  entered  college,  and  after  four  years  of  hard 
study  graduated  in  1S47  ^1  Asbury  University,  at  Green 
Castle,  then  under  the  Presidency  of  Bishop  Simpson. 
After  graduation  he  immediately  returned  home  and  began 
the  study  of  medicine  according  to  his  boyish  fancy.  After 
a year’s  study  with  the  leading  physician  of  Bedford  he  was 
married  to  Sarah  L.  Parmer,  and  removed  to  Louisville, 
Reiitucky,  in  order  to  attend  the  lectures  in  the  university 
tliere ; at  the  same  time  remaining  two  years  under  the 
private  tutorage  of  Professor  T.  G.  Richardson ; also 
deriving  no  small  assistance  from  Professor  S.  D.  Gross, 
who  enjoyed  a widespread  surgical  reputation.  In  the 
spring  of  1850  he  graduated  and  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  the  university.  He  now  returned  to  Indiana 
and  commenced  the  successful  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  the  course  of  two  years,  his  wife  dying,  he  again  went  to 
Louisville,  and  attended  a third  course  of  lectures  at  the 
university;  this  time  enjoying  the  office  instructions  of  Pro- 
fessor Gross.  Inspired  by  Dr.  Gross’s  eminent  e.xample,  he 
conceived  a strong  taste  for  the  study  of  surgery,  and  oph- 
thalmology especially.  In  the  spring  of  1852  Dr.  Williams 
located  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
crossed  the  Atlantic  in  order  to  pursue  his  medical  studies 
in  the  great  schools  of  Europe.  This  was  a step  in  his 
early  plan,  and  to  prepare  for  this  partly  he  made  himself 
master  of  the  German  language  before  leaving  this  country. 
He  first  visited  Paris  in  order  to  study  French.  By  labor- 
ious study  and  daily  attendance  at  the  hospital  clinics,  he 
was  soon  able  to  speak  the  French  and  fully  comprehend 
the  medical  lectures  in  that  language.  His  chief  object 
being  the  thorough  study  of  ophthalmology,  he  was  for 
eighteen  months  a daily  attendant  at  the  clinics  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Desmarres.  During  this  time  he  lost  no  oppor- 
tunity of  improving  his  general  medical  and  surgical 
knowledge.  In  1854110  crossed  over  from  Paris  to  London, 
and  faithfully  devoted  himself  to  his  special  study  under 
Bowman,  Critchett,  Dixon,  and  others  in  the  London 
Royal  Ophthalmic  Hospital.  About  this  time  the  wonder- 
ful ophthalmoscope  was  discovered  by  Helmholtz,  at  Heidel- 
berg, and  Dr.  Williams  had  become  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  its  use  at  the  clinics  of  Desmarres,  in  Paris ; yet  it  had 
not  found  its  way  to  London,  and  to  Dr.  Williams  was 
left  the  rare  pleasure  of  introducing  it  to  the  profession  in 
that  city.  This  fortunate  circumstance,  and  his  professional 
enthusiasm,  secured  for  him  a w'arm  reception  and  the  valu- 
able instruction  and  lasting  friendship  of  the  leading  oph- 
thalmic surgeons  of  London.  Leaving  London  in  1854,  he 


went  to  Vienna,  where  ophthalmology  had  first  been  taught 
as  a separate  branch  of  medical  science  by  the  famous 
Beer,  who  defined  amaurosis  as  a “ disease  in  \r  Inch  the 
patient  sees  nothing  and  the  doctor  sees  nothing.”  Then 
there  was  no  ophthalmoscope.  In  Vienna  Dr.  Williams 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  instructions  of  Rosas,  Jaeger, 
and  Stellwagvon  Carion,men  distinguished  in  his  specialty. 
Prom  Vienna  he  went  to  Prague  to  profit  by  communication 
with  Professor  Arlt,  who  now  fills  the  chair  of  ophthalmol- 
ogy in  the  university  at  Vienna.  After  a few  weeks’  stay 
in  Prague  he  was  attracted  to  Berlin  to  attend  the  most 
popular  clinics  in  Europe — those  of  Albrecht  von  Graefe. 
Here  he  remained  several  months,  and  a warm  personal 
friendship  sprang  up  between  himself  and  this  great  oph- 
thalmologist. P'inally  returning  to  Cincinnati  in  the  spring 
of  1855,  he  opened  an  office  for  the  exclusive  treatment  of 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  This  was  against  the  advice 
of  his  professional  brethren,  who  predicted  failure  for  any 
specialist.  Dr.  Whlliams  is  the  pioneer  ophthalmologist  in 
America,  and  Cincinnati,  therefore,  has  the  honor  of  intro- 
ducing this  new  science  to  the  western  world.  Notwith- 
standing the  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  the  medical 
profession,  his  progress  was  at  first  necessarily  slow;  and 
the  remarkable  fact  may  here  be  recorded  that  the  first  .six 
months  of  professional  career  in  Cincinnati  brought  him  but 
one  patient  and  five  dollars  in'  money,  not  paying  his  ex- 
penses the  first  two  years.  In  1856  he  was  invited  to  con- 
duct the  eye  clinics  in  the  Miami  Medical  College.  Now 
his  private  ]:ractice  began  to  increase.  The  pioneer  chair 
of  opihthalmology  was  established  in  this  country  in  the 
Miami  Medical ' College.  This  chair  in  the  college  Dr. 
Williams  has  always  filled.  All  respectable  medical  insti- 
tutions of  the  country  have  followed  the  example  of  this 
one.  To  the  writings  and  labors  of  Dr.  Williams  must  be 
put  the  credit  of  this  advance  of  medical  science  in  Amer- 
ica. For  twelve  years  he  was  ophthalmologist  to  the 
Cincinnati  Hospital.  This  position  his  growing  private 
practice  compelled  him-  to  resign.  During  the  war  he  was 
Surgeon  for  the  Marine  Hosjrital ; but  in  1S62  he  again 
visited  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  attending  the  Ophthalmo- 
logical  Congress  at  Baris.  Before  this  assemblage  he  read 
an  important  paper  which  was  published  in  its  proceedings. 
In  1866  he  made  his  third  trip  to  Europe  to  meet  the  oph- 
thalmologists. FJr.  Williams  has  contributed  largely  to 
American  and  foreign  journals,  and  is  now  arranging  the 
materials  for  a work  to  embody  the  results  of  his  research 
and  vast  practice.  Dr.  Williams’  succe.ss  has  gone  far  be- 
yond his  most  sanguine  expectations,  his  reputation  extend- 
ing over  the  entire  nation,  and  his  private  practice  being 
simply  immense.  In  1872  he  made  another  trip  to  Europe 
to  assist  at  the  OphthalmologiCal  Congress  held  that  year  in 
London.  Out  of  deference  for  Dr.  Williams,  who  has  done 
so  much  for  this  great  cause,  and  other  American  ophthal- 
mologists attending  that  Congress,  it  was  decided  to  hold 
the  next  meeting  of  that  august  body  in  New  York  citv,  in 


V.  ■-  \ 


r,:' 


/ 


lvj  . 


i> 


i 


.i. . . ^ 


%< 


> 


'f  - 


4 


( 


.« ■ • it  ■ 


t 


t 


•■ .? . . i 


t; 


f 


* 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


37 


1876.  This,  of  course,  will  be  its  first  meeting  in  A^merica. 
Dr.  Williams  is  a member  of  the  American  Ophthalmologi- 
cal  Society,  the  Universal  Ophthalmological  Congress,  the 
American  Medical  Association,  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society,  the  Cincinnati  Medical  Society,  and  the  Cincin- 
ncati  Academy  of  Medicine.  In  April,  1857,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Sallie  B.  McGrew.  The  history  of  ophthalmic 
science  in  A\menca  is  largely  embraced  in  the  life  of  Dr. 
Williams.  Few  .American  surgeons  enjoy,  so  deservedly, 
sach  a widespread  reputation,  and  yet  no  man  bears  more 
unaffectedly  and  quietly  such  distinction.  The  accompany- 
ing portrait  depicts  a character  without  a line  of  vanity,  nor 
vaunts  a word  of  all  the  man  has  done.  It  is  the  face  of  a 
Christian. 


LLEN,  MaARSTON,  Merchant,  was  born  at  Barn- 
stable, Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts,  May  iilh,  1789 
Ills  father,  John  Allyn,  was  descended  from  a 
Welsh  family  who  emigrated  to  America  some 
two  hundred  years  previous  to  the  birth  of  our 
subject.  His  educational  advantages  were  lim- 
ited. His  native  place  afforded  little  scope  for  the  exercise 
of  that  inherent  energy  so  characteristic  of  his  later  years, 
and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  Boston,  where  he 
obtained  a situation  in  a hardware  store.  He  subsequently 
became  salesman  in  the  store  of  a leading  paper  hanger  of 
that  city,  and  while  there  devoted  his  evenings  to  the 
acquirement  of  a practical  knowledge  of  the  business  from 
one  of  the  journeymen.  By  1812  they  had  saved  between 
them  a sufficient  sum  to  warrant  the  formation  of  a copart- 
nership, and  they  engaged  in  business  on  their  own  account. 
He  married  in  Boston  and  there  united  with  the  Baptist 
Church  ; but  he  afterward  became  familiar  with  the  writings 
of  Swedenborg,  warmly  embraced  his  doctrines,  and  was 
brought  under  the  discipline  of  his  church.  L^pon  his  re- 
fusal to  recant,  that  body  pronounced  the  sentence  of 
expulsion ; his  former  pastor.  Rev.  Dr.  .Sharp,  acquiescing 
in  the  decision  on  the  ground  that  under  the  church  rules  it 
could  not  do  otherwise,  but  earnestly  soliciting  the  pres- 
ervation of  the  close  personal  intimacy  v.  h ch  had  existed, 
and  which  was  continued  with  the  utmo.st  cordiality  until 
1818,  when  Mr.  Allen  left  Boston  to  explore  the  western 
El  Dorado.  He  w.as  so  favorably  impressed  with  Cincin- 
nati that  he  removed  his  family — consisting  of  wife  and  two 
sons — thither  the  following  year,  and  in  addition  to  his 
regular  business,  eng.aged  successively  and  with  limited 
success  in  dry  goods,  pork  packing,  and  manufacture  of 
n.ails.  Several  of  his  outsiile  speculations,  notably  that  of  a 
tobacco  merchant,  proved  unsuccessful,  and  he  learned 
therefrom  a useful  le.sson.  Having  finally  prepared  him- 
self by  a long-continued,  extended,  and  thorough  course  of 
re.ading  and  study,  he  embarked  in  the  drug  business  in 
1824.  The  terrible  fire  of  the  winter  of  1826  swept  away 
his  all ; but  he  was  not  overwhelmed  by  this  catastrophe. 


and  upon  the  ruins  rose  another  w.arehouse  in  which  for 
many  years  the  firm  of  Allen  & Co.  carried  on  the  drug 
business  in  connection  with  paper  hanging.  This  firm 
founded  the  Cincinnati  Laboratory,  and  in  1840  the  busi- 
ness was  divided,  Mr.  Allen  taking  the  drug  store  at  Fifth 
and  Main  streets.  Shortly  after  this  he  suffered  from  an- 
other disastrous  fire,-  but  the  same  indomitable  energy 
triumphed  over  adversity,  and  from  the  ashes  sprang  an- 
other structure  more  complete  in  all  its  appointments  than 
its  predecessor.  As  the  years  rolled  on  he  reaped  the  just 
rewards  of  integrity,  perseverance,  and  an  intimate  knowl- 
edge of  human  nature,  and  he  lived  to  enjoy  the  abundant 
fruits  of  his  labors.  He  was  blessed  with  two  other  sons 
after  his  removal  to  Cincinnati,  and  of  the  four  three  sur- 
vive and  .succeed  him  in  business  at  the  old  stand,  all  known 
as  men  of  culture,  integrity,  and  true  benevolence.  Marston 
Allen  was  a man  of  sterling  integrity,  decided  and  indepen- 
dent, but  as  unassuming  as  he  was  benevolent.  He  never 
aspired  to  nor  accepted  political  office,  but  devoted  his 
energies  to  business  pursuits,  the  training  of  his  sons  for 
usefulness  in  life,  and  the  promotion  of  those  charitable 
objects  commending  themselves  to  his  judgment.  Being  a 
practical  mechanic,  he  became  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
Ohio  Mechanics’  Institute.  Subsequently,  when  it  was 
financially  embarrassed,  he  and  Miles  Greenwood,  by  muni- 
ficent donations,  saved  it  for  its  future  career  of  usefulness. 
The  institute  proposed  to  recognize  this  spirit  of  true  philan- 
thropy by  placing  his  portrait  in  the  proscenium  at  Green- 
wood Hall,  but  it  was  only  after  a long  and  persistent 
solicitation  that  he  yielded  a reluctant  consent,  and  it  there 
stands  to  remind  young, and  old  of  the  value  and  durability 
of  the  lessons  inculcated  by  j ure  hearts  and  noble  lives. 
He  was  long  an  active  member  of  the  New  Jerusalem 
Church,  and  for  some  ye.ars  previous  to  his  death  lived  in 
retirement  at  Glendale,  surrounded  by  his  family  and  a 
circle  of  devoted  friends.  He  passed  away  August  12th, 
1868,  mourned  alike  by  rich  and  poor.  His  deeds  of  love 
are  green  in  the  memory  of  all  who  knew  him  and  a))])re- 
ciated  them  for  their  unostentatious  performance.  He  was 
honored  by  the  great,  and  loved,  revered,  and  deplorcil  by 
those  in  the  humbler  walks  of  life. 


|ISHOP,  RICHARD  M.,  Wholesale  Grocer,  was 
born  November  4th,  1812,  in  Fleming  county, 
Kentucky.  His  parents  were  from  Virginia,  and 
of  German  and  English  lineage.  He  was  bred  to 
merchandising,  and  for  many  years  carried  on 
business  in  his  native  .State.  In  1848  he  removed 
to  Cincinnati  and  commenced  the  wholesale  grocery  busi- 
ness at  No.  8 Public  Landing,  under  the  style  of  Bishoj-), 
Wells  & Co.,  which,  on  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Wells,  in. 
1855,  was  changed  to  that  of  R.  M.  Bishop  & Co.  The 
firm  i.s  now  composed  of  himself  (Richard  M.j  and  three 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


sons,  viz. : W.  T.,  R.  II.,  and  J.  A.  They  are  now  doing 
Business  at  Nos.  85  and  87  Race  street,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  extensive  grocery  houses  in  the  West,  their  sales  some 
years  amounting  to  nearly  $5,000,000.  It  is  rarely  that  a 
merchant  with  such  heavy  business  interests  devolving  upon 
him  has  been  so  largely  in  iniblic  life.  Honors  and  respon- 
sibilities have  been  thrust  upon  him,  not  sought.  In  1857 
he  was  elected  to  the  Common  Council,  and  in  the  succeed- 
ing year  his  fellow-members  chose  him  their  President.  In 
1S59  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  which  ofiice  he 
held  until  1861,  when  he  declined  a renomination  succes- 
sively tendered  him  by  each  of  the  political  parties.  During 
his  administration  many  remarkable  events  occurred,  and  it 
was  characterized  by  wisdom,  courage,  and  an  active  inter- 
est in  everything  that  looked  to  tlie  material  and  social 
prosperity  and  uplniilding  of  the  city.  In  January,  1S60, 
when  the  Union  was  threatened  by  the  leaders  of  the  rebel- 
lion, the  Legislatures  of  Oliio,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee  visited  Cincinnati  to  encourage  each  other  to 
stand  by  the  old  flag.  At  the  grand  reception  given  them 
at  Pike’s  Opera  House,  Mayor  Bi^liop  made  an  address  of 
welcome  amid  a storm  of  applause.  In  the  September  en- 
suing His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  visited 
Cincinnati  at  the  invitation  of  the  Mayor,  and  received  from 
him  a cordial  welcome.  In  I-'ebruary,  1861,  when  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  was  passing,  on  his  w’ay  to  his  inauguration, 
through  Cincinnati,  he  W'as  received  in  a speech  by  the 
Mayor.  Mayor  Bishop  presided  at  the  great  Union  meeting 
lield  in  Cincinnati  the  same  year.  During  his  administra- 
tion the  laws  were  rigidly  enforced,  of  wdiich  the  Sunday 
ordinance  and  those  against  gambling  houses  were  notable 
examples.  Liquor  selling  and  various  other  forms  of  Sab- 
bath desecration  were  in  the  main  suppressed.  He  inaugu- 
rated amid  much  opposition  most  important  reforms  in  the 
management  of  the  city  prison,  work-house,  and  police. 
Mr.  Bishop  has  become  widely  known  for  his  liberality  and 
devotion  to  the  Christian  Church,  of  which  he  has  long 
been  a most  conspicuous  ami  honored  memirer.  P'rom 
1859  to  1869  he  was  President  of  the  Dhio  State  Mission.ary 
Society,  and  was  the  successor  of  the  late  Dr.  Alexander 
Campbell  in  the  Presidency  of  the  General  Christian  Mis- 
sionary Convention,  which  office  he  held  until  1875. 
is  President  of  the  Board  of  Curators  of  Kentucky  Univer- 
sity; is  also  one  of  the  Curators  of  Bethany  College ; was 
for  many  years  Trustee  of  the  INIcMicken  University;  is 
Director  of  the  First  National  Rank  and  several  insurance 
and  other  business  as  well  as  philanthropic  institutions. 
He  was  a member  of  the  Ohio  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1873-74.  He  was  President  of  the  Great  National 
Commercial  Convention,  held  at  Baltimore  in  1871.  He 
was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  that  great  enterprise,  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  wdiich  is  being  so  success- 
fully managed,  having  been  a Trustee  from  the  Ireginning. 
The  laborious  work  of  obtaining  charters  for  the  road  was 
largely  his.  P'ew  men  in  the  State  can  point  to  so  many 


substantial  benefits  conferred  upon  society  as  the  results  of 
their  single  labors.  Prompt  decision,  constant  industry, 
sound  judgment,  and  a desire  to  benefit  his  fellow-men, 
accompanied  by  a frank,  hearty  address,  are  his  great  char- 
acteristics. 


HATFIELD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Paper  Man- 
ufacturer and  Merchant,  was  born  July  i6th, 
1828,  at  Middlebury,  Summit  county,  Ohio. 
His  parents,  Leonard  Ch.rtfield  and  Nancy  P. 
Clark,  were  from  Waterbury,  Connecticut.  When 
he  W'as  in  his  fourth  ye.ar  the  family  removed  to 
Cincinnati,  w here  his  father  engaged  in  the  occupation  of 
master  of  a steamboat  in  the  New  Orleans  trade.  At  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  having  been  left  an  orphan,  he  entered 
as  an  errand  boy  in  the  P'ireman’s  Insurance  Company,  and 
thenceforth  entirely  supported  himself.  In  his  leisure 
hours,  by  close  application,  he  remedied  the  deficiencies  of 
his  education,  p'rom  the  age  of  seventeen  to  that  of  twenty- 
five  he  was  engaged  in  the  Cincinnati  Post-Office,  rising  in 
the  interim  from  an  inferior  | osition  to  one  wherein  he  was 
given  the  entire  charge  of  the  delivery  department,  with 
the  .salary  of  $1200  per  annum.  In  1853,  on  the  advent  of 
Dr.  J.  L.  Vattier  as  PMstmaster,  he  was  offered  a higher 
position,  with  a salary  doubled.  Wishing  to  learn  the  mer- 
cantile business,  and  feeling  that  the  remaining  a mere 
government  official  would  prove  the  grave  of  his  ambition, 
he  refused,  and  accepted  the  position  of  clerk  in  the  paper 
warehouse  of  Nixon  & Co.,  at  $600  per  annum.  By  the 
end  of  the  year  he  became  Bookkeeper  and  General  Man- 
ager. The  next  year  the  firm  was  reorganized,  the  business 
trebled,  and  he  shared  in  the  profits.  In  1857  he  became 
a full  partner,  the  firm-name  Nixon  &•  Chatfield.  In  i860 
Mr.  William  Woods,  a native  of  Maryland,  a brother-in- 
law'  of  Mr.  Chatfield,  entered  the  firm  ; and  in  1865  the 
present  film  of  Chatfield  & Woods  w'as  formed,  and  is  now 
doing  business  at  No.  25  West  P'ourth  street,  Cincinnati. 
When  Mr.  Chatfield  entered  the  paper  business,  in  1853,  it 
W'as  a small  branch  of  manufacture.  Now  it  is  second  only 
to  that  of  iron  ; the  capital  involved  in  paper  mills  alone  in 
the  country  being  $60,000,000.  Their  establishment  is  the 
heaviest  in  the  West.  They  have  two  mills,  and  their  sales 
as  manufacturers  and  dealers  amount  annually  to  about 
$1,500,000.  The  manufacture  of  paper  bags  is  a heavy 
item  w'ith  them.  They  w’ere  the  first  to  introduce  machin- 
ery in  the  West  for  the  purpose,  being  the  sole  lessees 
under  the  Rice  Patent.  They  were  the  first,  also,  in  the 
West  to  manufacture  paper  from  straw.  In  1857,  rags  for 
paper  manufacture  having  become  so  scarce  that  it  threat- 
ened the  annihilation  of  this  industry,  they  began  experi- 
ments with  straw'  as  a substitute;  the  late  far-seeing  M.  D. 
Potter,  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  for  the  printing  of 
his  sheet,  agreeing  to  take  all  the  straw  paper  they  could 
manufacture.  They  expended  in  experiments  about  $75,000. 


> ^ 


» ■■  * 


r.  I- 

_ • , \ 

*-■ 


/ 


Put  Co.  S’hllaMP^'^’ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


39 


Now  so  successful  have  been  these  efforts  that  there  is 
scarcely  a Jaily  sheet  in  the  country  but  what  prefers  the 
straw  paper.  Cincinnati  and  vicinity  .is  now  the  great 
paper  centre  of  the  West,  supplying  largely  Chicago,  St. 
I.ouis,  and  the  South  with  the  finest  book  and  writing 
papers  as  well  as  the  commoner  article.  On  November  23d, 
1854,  Mr.  Chatficld  married  with  Mary  A.  Disney,  daughter 
of  William  Disney,  of  Cincinnati.  She  died  December 
31st,  1S69,  leaving  two  children,  Albert  II.  and  Mary  K. 

QAo'c) 

cj/^VTRAUCM,  ADOLPH,  Superintendent  of  Spring 
Grove  Cemetery  and  the  Public  Parks  of  Cincin- 
nati,  was  born,  August  30lh,  1822,  at  Eckersdorf, 
near  Glatz,  in  the  Prussian  province  of  Silesia,  his 
parents  being  natives  of  that  country,  wliere  they 
died.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  zealously 
upon  what  has  since  been  his  favorite  study,  the  art  of  land- 
scape gardening.  This  he  pursued  in  the  Austrian  domin- 
ions for  six  years,  under  prominent  masters  in  the  imperial 
gardens  at  Vienna,  Schoenbrunn  and  Lixenberg.  In  1845 
he  started  on  a tour  of  inspection  through  Germany,  Hol- 
land and  Belgium,  spending  about  six  months  in  Berlin, 
Hamburg  and  Amsterdam.  At  the  conclusion  of  this  pro- 
fitable tour  he  remained  for  about  three  months  in  the 
celebrated  horticultural  establishment  of  Louis  Van  Houtte, 
near  the  city  of  Ghent.  Paris,  that  great  centre  of  taste  and 
refinement,  was  now  his  objective  point,  and  here  he  spent 
three  years  in  the  culture  and  perfection  of  his  professional 
taste.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution  of  1848  he 
went  to  England  and  passed  three  years  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  world’s  metropolis,  being  last  employed  in  the  Royal 
Botanic  Society’s  Gardens,  Regent’s  Park,  London.  At  the 
expiration  of  this  period  he  started  for  America,  and  landed 
at  Galveston,  Texas,  November  5th,  1851.  During  the 
winter  succeeding  his  arrival  he  travelled  through  the 
western  portion  of  that  State,  stopping  at  San  Antonio  and 
other  places,  and  in  the  spring  following  went  North  by 
way  of  New  Orleans  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  made  an  en- 
g.agement  with  the  late  R.  B.  Bowler,  a gentleman  of  great 
taste,  and  an  entluisiastic  admirer  of  arboriculture  and  land- 
scape gardening.  During  the  two  years  he  remained  at 
Clifton  he  inaugurated  the  lawn  system,  which  continued  by 
others  has  made  the  environs  of  the  Queen  City  the  rival 
unrivalled  of  any  in  the  world.  His  Royal  Highness  the 
Prince  of  Wales  visited  this  spot  during  his  travels  in  the 
United  States  in  i860,  and  expre.ssed  himself  much  de- 
lighted with  the  Bowler  Place,  as  it  reminded  him  of  old 
England.  In  1854,  after  making  a tour  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  to  take  charge  of 
Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  where  he  has  continued  to  reside, 
and  where  his  genius  has  enabled  him  to  present  the  noblest 
effects  of  landscape  gardening  as  applicable  to  the  adorn- 
ment of  rural  cemeteries.  His  courteous  manner,  united 


with  the  refinement  of  his  education,  has  won  for  him  the 
highest  esteem.  To  him  is  due  the  honor  of  having  origin- 
ated the  landscape  lawn  method  for  the  development  of 
rural  cemeteries  in  this  country.  It  is  a curious  and  interest- 
ing circumstance  that  this  idea  may  be  traced  to  the  Chinese, 
dating  back  to  a period  long  anterior  to  the  Christian  era, 
and  that  its  application  and  modification  in  its  present  form 
was  suggested  to  Adolph  Strauch  by  no  less  an  intermediary 
than  the  celebrated  natural  philosopher,  Alexander  Von 
Humboldt,  in  whose  “Cosmos”  every  page  may  be  found 
pleasing  and  instructive.  In  1863  Adolph  Strauch  crossed 
the  Atlantic  on  a tour  of  inspection  to  most  of  the  principal 
public  and  royal  parks,  zoological  gardens,  agricultural  col- 
lege  grounds  and  rural  cemeteries,  a description  of  which 
was  given  by  his  travelling  companion,  Charles  L.  Flint,  in 
his  eleventh  annual  report  as  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  also  in  the  “ History  of 
Spring  Grove  Cemetery,”  compiled  by  Adolph  Strauch  and 
published  by  Robert  Clarke  & Co.  in  1869.  For  twenty 
years  he  has  devoted  much  of  his  own  time  and  money  to 
the  importation  of  rare  and  useful  birds  and  water-fow  Is, 
which,  having  been  successfully  acclimated  and  reared,  can 
now  be  seen  in  large  numbers  by  every  visitor  to  the  ceme- 
tery, and  from  which  he  has  donated  many  .specimens  to 
various  parks  and  public  institutions  throughout  the  country. 
The  services  of  this  master  have  since  been  called  into  reipii- 
sition  by  many  cities  of  the  American  Union,  viz.  : Nash- 
ville, Hartford,  Chicago,  Buffalo,  Detroit,  Cleveland  and 
others.  Judge  Walker,  of  Detroit,  in  delivering  the  in- 
augural address  of  Wood  mere  Cemetery,  near  that  city,  used 
the  following  flattering  comment : “ No  man  has  done  more 
for  the  correction  and  cultivation  of  the  public  taste  in  this 
particular  than  Adolph  Strauch,  Superintendent  of  Spring 
Grove  Cemetery,  near  Cincinnati.”  What  Spring  Grove 
has  done  for  that  place  was  well  expressed  by  the  Hon. 
Lewis  F.  Allen  at  the  dedication  of  h'orest  Lawn  Cemetery, 
Buffalo,  in  1866,  from  which  the  following  is  an  extract : 
“ Were  I,  of  all  cemeteries  within  my  knowledge,  to  point 
you  to  one  taking  precedence  as  a model,  it  would  be  that 
of  Spring  Grove,  near  Cincinnati.”  . . . Again  : “ Intrusted 
with  its  superintendence,  and  guided  by  his  genial  ta.ste, 
during  the  time  of  his  administration  hundreds  of  individual 
lot  enclosures,  with  their  forbidding  gates  and  locks,  have 
been  voluntarily  swept  away  by  their  proprietors;  and  in 
their  places  broad  undulations  of  green  turf,  stately  avenues 
and  tasteful  monuments,  intermingled  with  noble  trees  and 
groups  of  shrubbery,  now  meet  the  eye,  conferring  a grace 
and  dignity  which  no  cemetery  in  our  country  has  yet 
equalled — thus  blending  the  elegance  of  a park  with  the 
pensive  beauty  of  a burial-place.”  Nor  should  its  financial 
success  be  overlooked.  Since  the  adoption  of  his  ])lan 
of  improvement  the  current  expenses  have  all  been  paid 
from  the  sale  of  lots  ; about  400  acres  of  additional  territory 
have  been  added,  for  which  over  ^330,000  have  been  paid, 
and  an  improvement  fund  of  over  $100,000  still  remains  in 


40 


IJIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


the  treasury,  which  it  is  Strauch’s  intention  to  increase  to  a 
sum  the  interest  of  which  will  suffice  to  keep  Spring  Grove 
Cemetery  in  perpetual  order  after  all  lots  shall  have  been 
taken  up.  Thus  a system  of  improvement  is  established  by 
our  subject  which  will  last  through  all  time,  and  under  which 
the  dead  may  rest  secure  while  the  living  enjoy  its  purifying 
and  refining  influences. 


ra 


TRAUB,  WALTER  FERRY,  Lawyer  and  Judge, 
was  born  on  the  13th  of  February,  1834,  at  Milton, 
Northumberland  county,  Pennsylvania.  This  town 
was  fotmded  by  his  grandfather,  Andrew  Straub, 
in  1791.  Here  also  were  born  his  father,  Isaac 
Straub,  and  his  mother,  Anne  .Straub.  They  sur- 
vive still  in  the  enjoyment  of  a green  old  age,  living  a few 
miles  from  Cincinnati,  in  Kentucky.  In  .\pril,  1S38,  the 
family  went  to  Cincinnati  to  live,  where  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  has  ever  since  resided.  At  an  early  age  Walter  entered 
one  of  the  district  schools  of  the  ]}ublic  school  system  of  Cin- 
cinnati. When  the  “ Central  School”  (the  nucleus  of  the 
present  High  School  of  Cincinnati)  was  established  he  was 
one  of  tlie  boys  selected,  after  a rigid  examination,  to  enter 
upon  the  advanced  course  there.  He  remained  a pupil  there 
until  1848,  when,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  found  it  necessary 
to  commence  work  for  a living.  From  that  time  until  1853 
he  was,  by  turns,  errand  boy,  clerk  and  bookkeeper.  During 
1853  he  w.as  engineer  at  h.is  father’s  factory.  He  had  early 
developed  a taste  for  writing  and  considerable  ability  in  the 
expression  of  his  ideas,  and  by  this  time  had  become  a con- 
triluitor  to  the  newspaper  press  of  his  city.  During  all  this 
time  he  was  a devoted  student  at  nights,  which,  he  has  told 
the  writer  of  this  sketch,  “ yielded  good  fruit.”  In  1S54  he 
took  the  first  important  step  of  his  life,  entering  the  office 
of  Hon.  Henry  Stanbery  as  a law  student.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  remained  at  it  until  the  war 
of  the  rebellion  1)roke  out,  when  he  entered  the  Union  army 
as  Aide-de-Camp  to  General  McCook.  He  was  compelled 
to  leave  the  service,  however,  in  about  a year  by  reason  of 
ill-health,  which  was  l)rought  about  by  an  attack  of  typhoid 
fever,  contracted  on  the  march  to  Shiloh,  in  whicli  action 
he  participated.  He  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  several 
months  of  home  nursing  restored  him  to  comparative  health, 
although  he  has  never  since  been  jffiysically  rugged.  In 
the  spring  of  1863  he  was  elected  City  Prosecutor  by  the 
Re]uil)licans.  At  that  time  the  writer’s  acquaintance  with 
him  commenced.  He  discharged  the  onerous  and  important 
duties  of  this  position  with  such  ability  and  fidelity  that  he 
was  re-elected  for  two  years  in  1S65.  In  1867,  on  the  ex- 
piration of  his  second  term  as  Prosecutor,  he  was  rewarded 
for  his  fidelity  and  manly  course  in  that  place  by  election  by 
the  Republican  party  to  the  office  of  Judge  of  the  Police 
Court,  which  he  held  for  three  terms — of  two  years  each — 
retiring  in  1873.  Judge  Straub  distinguished  liimself  on  the 
bench  of  the  Police  Court — in  the  midst  of  the  daily  annoy- 


ances of  an  average  of  fifty  cases  a day  the  year  throughout 
for  six  years — by  almost  unerring  judgment  and  never-failing 
truthfulness  to  his  trust.  He  was  severe  where  severity  was 
demanded;  but  he  could  and  did  temper  justice  with  mercy 
when  there  was  a fair  chance  that  the  result  would  be  better 
for  society.  His  mistakes  were  very  few,  if  any,  in  dispos- 
ing of  cases.  His  record  as  Judge  of  the  Police  Court  is  a 
bright  paragraph  in  the  history  of  the  Queen  City  of  the  West, 
no  other  person  having  remained  in  that  office  so  many 
years  and  given  such  universal  satisfaction.  Since  his  re- 
tirement from  the  bench  Judge  Straub  has  pursued  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

JT) 

MEDLEY,  ANDERSON,  M.D.,  was  born,  July 
31st,  1810,  at  Batavia,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  a 
spot  which  in  that  early  time  bore  the  name  of 
Durhamtown.  He  began  life  at  sixteen  as  a 
cabinet-maker,  and  worked  at  this  trade  until  his 
twenty-third  year.  His  father,  Aaron  Smedley, 
was  a prominent  tanner,  and  died  in  1819  at  Hamilton, 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  was  an  early  settler  in  that  section, 
and  stood  in  high  estimation  for  his  purity  of  character  and 
for  his  public  spirit.  His  wife  was  Joanna  Southard,  a 
daughter  of  Hezekiah  Southard,  and  was  born  at  Browns- 
ville, Pennsylvania,  when  her  father  with  his  family  was 
moving  from  New  Jersey  to  F'lemingsburg,  Kentucky.  She 
became  the  mother  of  eight  children,  and  is  still  living  at 
the  advanced  age  of  eighty-five  years.  The  early  education 
of  Anderson  was  of  that  limited  quantity  and  narrowness  of 
range  obtainable  in  a log  school  house;  but  during  his  ap- 
prenticeship he  made  valuable  use  of  all  his  leisure  moments, 
and  acquired  at  these  odd  moments  a profound  knowledge 
of  the  science  of  medicine.  In  1833  he  entered  upon  its 
practice  in  Fairfield,  Indiana,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
and  then  made  his  residence  in  Franklin,  Warren  county, 
Ohio,  and  thence,  after  three  years,  he  went  to  Carthage, 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He  is  now  a resident  of  Cummins- 
ville,  Cincinnati,  and  has  continued  with  general  success  in 
that  profession  which  he  acquired  by  persevering  energy. 
In  1844  he  began  a course  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical 
College,  and  from  this  institution  he  took  a high  degree  in 
1846.  For  three  years  he  was  Physician-in-Chief  for  the 
Hamilton  County  Infirmary.  In  1831  he  was  married  to 
Caroline  Penton,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  fruit  of 
this  happy  wedlock  was  eight  children.  His  career,  crowned 
now  with  distinction,  is  that  of  a self-made  man.  He  was 
always  a close  student,  and  avoided  all  political  affiliations 
and  associations  that  tended  to  hinder  him  in  his  progress 
towards  perfection  in  medical  science.  He  has  at  all  times 
manifested  a philanthropic  spirit,  and  has  especially  inter- 
ested himself  in  the  cause  of  popular  education.  He  has 
served  repeatedly  as  a Controller  of  the  public  schools.  He 
was  an  earnest  advocate  and  sujiporter  of  the  war  against 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


41 


rebellion,  and  gave  one  son  to  bis  country.  This  son  was 
Daniel  P.  Smedley,  a Surgeon  of  the  Ohio  volunteer  infantry, 
who  died  from  disease  contracted  while  in  service. 


ICKENLOOPER,  ANDREW,  Brigadier-General 
United  States  Volunteers,  was  born,  of  mixed 
German  and  Irish  ancestry,  at  Hudson,  Ohio, 
August  30th,  1836.  In  1S46  the  family  removed 
' to  Cincinnati,  where  Andrew  ended  his  school 
education  at  old  Woodward,  afterward  entered 


the  counting-room  of  the  IVeckly  Despalch  ; was  then  for  a 


time  in  an  insurance  office;  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  en- 
tered the  City  Civil  Engineer’s  office  as  rodman.  In  1857 
he  received  die  appointment  of  City  Surveyor,  which  office 
he  held  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  He  recruited  an  artil- 
lery company,  originally  known  as  Hickenlooper’s  Cincin- 
nati Battery,  which  first  saw  service  under  P'reniont  at  Jeffer- 
son City.  On  March,  1S62,  the  battery  was  transferred  to 
General  Grant’s  army  at  Pittsburgh  Landing,  and  did  such 
excellent  service  there  that  three  days  after  the  battle  its 


commander  was  promoted  to  division  commander  of  artil- 
lei-y.  He  served  in  this  capacity  until  after  the  battles  of 
luka  and  Corinth,  when  he  was  especially  honored  in  the 
official  report  of  the  latter  battle,  and  on  the  26th  of  October 
ordered  by  General  Grant  to  report  for  staff  duty  to  General 
McPherson.  He  was  at  first  made  Chief  of  Ordnance  and 
Artillery,  and  then  in  February,  when  about  to  start  down 
to  Vicksburg,  he  was  made  Chief  Engineer  of  the  17th 
Army  Corps.  In  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  he  conducted  the 
siege  operations  in  front  of  the  corps  with  such  signal  ability 
as  to  win  the  warmest  approval  from  McPherson  himself, 
whose  own  abilities  as  an  engineer  were  of  the  highest  order. 
He  wrote  of  him  as  exhibiting  “ untiring  energy  and  skill 
in  conducting  reconnoissances,  making  maps  of  the  route 
passed  over,  and  superintending  the  repairs  and  construction 
of  bridges,  etc.,  and  exposing  himself  constantly  night  and 
day.”  In  this  siege  the  first  mine  that  was  made  and  ex- 
ploded under  the  enemy’s  works  was  made  under  Hicken- 
looper’s directions.  After  the  fall  of  Vicksburg  the  “ Board 
of  Honor”  of  the  17th  Corps  awarded  him  the  gold  medrl 
with  the  inscription,  “ Pittsburgh  Landing,  Siege  of  Corinth, 
luka,  Corinth,  Port  Gibson,  Raymond,  Jackson,  Champion 
Hills,  Vicksburg.”  When  McPherson  took  command  of 
the  .\rmy  of  the  Tennessee  he  was  made  Judge  Advocate 
on  his  staff,  and  a little  later  Chief  of  Artillery  for  the  De- 
partment and  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  In  this  position  he 
accompanied  his  chief  through  the  Atlanta  campaign.  After 
the  death  of  McPherson  he  returned  to  his  duties  as  Judge 
Advocate,  and  a little  later  accepted  the  position  of  Assistant 
Inspector-General  of  the  17th  Army  Corps,  which  carried 
with  it  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  the  spring  of 
1865  he  wa-s  brevetted  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers,  and 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  oldest  brigade  in  the  Army  of 


6 


the  Tennessee,  composed  of  the  nth,  13th,  15th  and  i6th 
Iowa  Veteran  Volunteers,  with  which  he  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  formed  a 
partnership  with  R.  C.  Philips,  civil  engineer.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the 
Southern  District  of  Ohio.  Generals  Grant,  Sherman,  How- 
ard, Logan,  Leggett  and  Belknap,  when  his  application  was 
made  for  this  office,  gave  the  very  highest  of  testimonials ; 
Leggett  said,  “ McPherson  regarded  him  as  his  model  of- 
ficer;” while  Howard  wrote,  “As  a military  engineer  I 
never  knew  his  equal.”  In  January,  1871,  he  resigned  the 
office  of  Marshal,  and  in  May  was  appointed  City  Civil  En- 
gineer; served  one  term,  was  unanimously  re-elected  for  a 
second,  but  shortly  resigned  to  accept  the  Vice-Presidency 
of  the  Cincinnati  Gas  Light  & Coke  Company.  The  career 
of  General  Hickenlooper  has  been  remarkable.  He  was  in 
eighteen  distinct  battles  and  many  skirmishes,  and  received 
not  a mark  : and  this  war  record  closed  in  his  twenty-ninth 
year. 


tCHEV,  JOHN  IL,  Banker,  was  born  in  Jones- 
town, Lebanon  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  Septem- 
ber 1st,  1S02.  His  parents  were  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Hoover)  Achey,  people  in  moderate  circumstances, 
^ who  followed  the  quiet  pursuit  of  farming.  After 
receiving  a good  rudimentary  education  in  Eng- 
lish and  German,  Mr.  Achey  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade 
of  carpenter,  which  he  followed  for  a short  time  after  the 
expiration  of  his  indenture,  and  then  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  also  in  mercantile  trading.  In  the  spring  of 
183S  he  moved  to  Ohio,  settling  at  Dayton,  where  he  en- 
gaged for  twelve  or  fifteen  years  extensively  in  the  lumber 
business.  He  became  a Director  in  the  old  Dayton  Branch 
of  the  Ohio  State  Bank,  which  in  1865  was  converted  into 
the  Dayton  National  Bank.  He  has  been  a Director  in  the 
new  institution,  and  for  the  last  three  years  its  President. 
Soon  after  settling  in  Dayton  he  joined  the  Masonic  order 
and  passed  all  the  degrees.  P'or  twenty-two  years  he  was 
Commander  of  the  Knights  Templar  in  Dayton,  and  for  two 
years,  1S57  and  1858,  Grand  Commander  of  the  State  of 
Ohio.  He  has  taken  a lively  interest  in  the  cause  of  Ma- 
sonry, and  has  been  a delegate  to  most  of  their  conventions. 
A strict  Methodist  in  his  religious  belief,  he  has  taken  a 
special  interest  in  the  degree  of  Knights  Templar,  which 
none  but  those  accepting  the  orthodox  view  of  the  Christian 
religion  can  take.  This  degree  he  conferred  on  nearly  four 
hundred  Masons  during  the  twenty-two  years  of  his  com- 
mandership  in  Dayton.  He  has  also  been  active  and  liberal 
in  establishing  lodges  throughout  the  smaller  rural  towns. 
He  married  Mary  Rife,  of  Dauphin  county,  Pennsylvania, 
with  whom  he  has  had  three  children,  one  son  and  two 
daughters.  Only  one  now  survives,  a (laughter,  the  wife  of 
Dr.  Thomas  L.  Neal,  of  Dayton.  In  his  seventy-third  year 
Mr.  Achey  is  still  a man  of  great  vitality  and  enjoys  excel- 


42 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


lent  health.  lie  is  found  every  day  at  his  place  of  business, 
and  his  step  is  as  light  and  his  form  as  straight  as  most  men’s 
at  fifty. 

NTIIONV’,  GENERAL  CIIARLE.S,  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  March  31st,  1798. 
Ilis  parents  were  Joseph  and  Rhoda  Anthony, 
both  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  who  re- 
moved to  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  in  iSli,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  occupation  of  farming.  Their  son 
was  carefully  educated  and  sent  to  Cincinnati  to  study  law, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  about  1820.  In  1824  he 
removed  to  Springfield,  where  his  superior  acquirements 
soon  gave  him  position  at  the  head  of  the  bar.  He  was 
especially  distinguished  as  a jury  advocate.  He  was  three 
times  a member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature,  and 
was  chosen  Speaker.  In  1833  he  was  also  elected  to  repre- 
sent his  district  in  the  Senate,  where  he  served  one  term. 
He  was  a Grand  Master  in  the  order  of  Free  Masons,  and 
from  an  early  period  of  his  life  a devout  and  active  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  While  a member  of  the 
Legislature  he  succeeded  in  reforming  the  policy  of  the 
State  in  the  management  of  its  prisons,  securing  all  the  re- 
forms and  committing  the  government  to  humanitarian  and 
reformatory  principles  in  its  treatment  of  the  criminal  class. 
He  derived  his  military  title  from  his  connection  with  the 
State  militia.  General  Anthony  was  twice  married ; on 
March  23d,  1S20,  to  Elizabeth  Evans,  of  Cincinnati,  who 
died  in  1841,  leaving  four  children  and  having  lost  five;  in 
1844  he  married  Mary  E.  Hulsey,  of  Springfield;  with  her 
he  had  seven  children,  four  of  whom,  together  with  their 
mother,  survived  him.  He  died  in  Springfield,  May  loth, 
1862,  and  was  buried  with  distinguished  honors  by  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  the  Clark  county  bar. 


’’URTIS,  ALVA,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  son  of  Chauncy 
Curtis,  a soldier  of  the  Revolution,  was  born  in 
Columbia,  Coos  county.  New  Hampshire,  June 
3d,  1797.  His  mother  was  Mary  Anne  Burnside, 
daughter  of  James  Burnside,  of  Northumberland, 
same  county.  He  received  from  his  parents  an 


efficient  primary  education,  and  by  unusual  industry  and 
economy  paid  for  his  own  boarding  and  tuition  in  later  years. 
In  1815  he  became  a teacher  on  Great  Neck,  Long  Island, 
where,  in  performing  the  duties  of  his  position  and  in  per- 
sonal research  into  literature  and  the  sciences,  he  passed 
three  years.  During  this  time  he  acquired  a good  knowl- 
edge of  the  I.atin  language  and  the  higher  mathematics. 
Though  poorly  paid  he  saved  enough  money  there  to  carry 
him  through  a two-years’  course  in  Union  College,  but  was 
deprived  of  this  long-desired  benefit  by  the  illness  of  his 
brother  Abner,  a student  of  the  institution,  with  whom  he 


travelled  until  the  death  of  the  latter  in  Trenton,  New  t 
Jersey.  The  learned  Dr.  John  McKelway  having  decided 
that  this  brother  had  died  from  the  “ abuse  of  mercury,” 
Alva  was  attracted  towards  the  study  of  medicine.  But, 
wanting  means,  he  accepted  the  charge  of  the  female  de- 
partment of  the  Trenton  Academy.  In  1819  he  was  raised 
to  the  position  of  teacher  of  the  higher  English  branches  in 
the  male  department.  During  his  occupancy  of  this  post 
he  pursued  in  his  leisure  hours  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  mentorship  of  Dr.  McKelway.  While  thus  studying  he 
saw  what  he  considered  well-founded  objections  to  the  allo- 
pathic principles  and  treatment.  In  1820  he  attended  a 
course  of  lectures  on  botany  ; and  acquired  a good  knowl- 
edge of  the  French  language  by  studying  it  himself  and 
teaching  the  English  to  two  of  Bonaparte’s  generals.  In 
1821  he  was  compelled  to  travel  to  recover  his  broken 
health.  On  falling  and  fainting  one  day  he  discovered  a 
simple  method  for  the  prevention  or  the  relief  of  syncope, 
viz.,  simply  to  lay,  on  the  discovery  of  the  first  symptom,  his 
head  much  lower  than  his  body.  To  defray  his  expenses 
while  travelling  he  procured  subscribers  to  “ Burritt’s  His- 
tory of  the  United  States.”  In  September  he  went  to  Rich- 
mond, Virginia,  in  the  hope  that  a warmer  climate  would 
prove  beneficial  to  him.  There  he  united  to  teaching  in 
Mrs.  Broome’s  Female  Seminary  and  to  tuition  in  private 
families  the  labor  of  aiding  in  the  publication  of  the  Sotithern 
Religions  Telegraph,  and  the  preparation  of  the  astronomical 
calculations  for  the  “ Franklin  Almanac.”  In  1827  he 
opened  a Female  Seminary,  which  he  successfully  conducted 
until  1832,  when  the  ravages  of  the  cholera  rendered  its 
closing  a prudential  measure.  He  treated  this  disease  on 
the  Thomsonian  plan,  which  proved  unusually  effectual. 
Having  married  in  1829  Harriet  Ann  Charter,  of  Richmond, 
whom  he  afterward  rescued  from  death  by  the  same  treat- 
ment, after  allopathy  had  completely  failed  to  relieve  her, 
his  practice  in  that  system  and  his  superior  success  arrayed 
against  him  a large  antagonistic  medical  fraternity,  a part 
of  whose  policy  was  the  withdrawal  of  their  daughters  from 
his  seminary.  He  then  closed  it  and  devoted  his  attention 
exclusively  to  the  practice  of  medicine,  in  the  interest  and 
upon  the  merits  of  which  he  delivered  in  Baltimore  in  1834 
two  lectures.  These  being  published  in  The  Georgia  Federal 
Union  made  converts  of  Dr.  Deloney  and  many  others,  and 
led  to  the  establishment  of  the  present  Botanic  Medical 
College  at  Macon.  In  1835  he  was  invited  to  become  the 
editor  of  the  Thomsonian  Recorder,  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  to 
establish  an  infirmary  and  to  instruct  others  in  the  new  prac- 
tice. Meeting  with  unusual  encouragement,  he  obtained 
from  the  Legislature  in  1839  a charter  for  a new  college, 
but  not  without  bitter  opposition,  which  he  speedily  swept 
away.  In  May,  1841,  he  was  made  by  Professor  John  P. 
Harison  the  subject  of  a bitter  attack  at  the  close  of  the 
session  of  the  Ohio  Medical  Association,  but  he  successfully 
repelled  it  in  a discourse  delivered  the  next  evening  to  an 
immense  assemblage  (see  Botanico-Mcdical  Recorder,  vol. 


OaXaxy  Piib  Co  PhUo^ 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOr.'EDIA. 


43 


x.,no.  l).  In  t’ne  same  year  the  Legislature  transferred  the 
iJotanico-Medical  College  to  Cincinnati,  where  in  1S48-49 
the  institution  had  a faculty  of  6 professors  and  83  students 
in  the  winter  session  and  30  in  the  spring,  and  the  Recorder 
had  2250  subscribers.  From  the  commencement  of  the 
college  to  that  time  Dr.  Curtis  had  been  the  sole  proprietor 
of  the  institution ; had  furnished  all  its  means  and  facilities 
for  its  operations,  and  obtained  the  aid  of  its  professors  by 
paying  them  seven-tenths  of  the  proceeds  of  the  tuition. 
By  their  promise  to  aid  him  all  they  could  in  conducting  it 
according  to  his  plans,  the  professors  persuaded  him  to  sell 
to  each  of  them  a sixth  of  the  property  of  the  college,  and  the 
right  to  an  equal  power  with  him  in  conducting  its  affairs. 
Though  they  failed  to  jiay  for  those  rights,  they  resolved  to 
request  him  to  leave  the  buildings,  the  infirmary  and  the 
paper  to  the  management  of  the  other  professors,  and  to 
travel  and  lecture  for  the  benefit  of  all.  Believing  also  that 
they  could  prosper  better  elsewhere,  they  left  in  1851  the 
building  on  his  hands,  and  commenced  their  lectures  in 
another  part  of  the  city.  Thus  deprived  of  the  means  to 
pay  the  balances  due  on  his  property.  Dr.  Curtis  leased  it 
to  K.  Winne  for  a hotel,  on  terms  which  would  have  en- 
abled him  to  retain  it  and  sustain  the  college.  But  two  se- 
vere fires,  the  failure  of  Winne,  and  of  his  successor.  Young, 
to  pay  the  rent,  and  the  closing  for  a year  by  the  sheriff  of 
the  building  till  the  seized  furniture  of  Young  should  be 
sold,  caused  the  failure  of  Dr.  Curtis  to  save  the  building, 
and  to  prevent  the  loss  of  so  much  other  property  that  he 
has  never  been  able  to  recover  his  pecuniary  condition. 
But  the  before-named  professors  totally  failing.  Dr.  Curtis 
resumed  lectures  in  the  old  Cincinnati  College,  on  Walnut 
street,  above  Fourth,  employing  professors  as  at  first,  and 
paying  all  expenses,  till  October,  1855,  when  the  number 
of  students  was  forty-two,  and  of  professors  four.  Having 
given  to  these  professors,  on  their  promise  to  harmonize 
with  him,  as  he  had  given  to  others,  the  balance  of  power 
in  the  institution,  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  his  spare  time 
to  the  labor  of  endowing  the  college  on  the  scholarship 
plan,  he  soon  had  the  mortification  to  see  it  sinking  as  be- 
fore. In  1858  he  resigned  his  professorship  and  accepted 
a position  in  the  Ohio  Female  College  as  teacher  of  physi 
ology,  physical  geography,  astronomy  and  the  French  lan- 
guage. In  1859,  the  professors  of  the  college  having  had 
some  trouble  in  their  operations,  several  of  them  resigned 
their  positions  and  set  up  another  school  under  a different 
name.  Whereupon  Dr.  Curtis  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  and  the  instruction  of  students  in  the  I’hysico- 
MecFical  College,  as  at  first,  and  has  secured  an  enviable 
reputation  as  an  educator  and  practitioner.  In  addition  to 
editing  the  Recorder  for  twenty  years,  he  has  published  a 
work  entitled  “Medical  Discussions;”  one  on  “Obstet- 
rics and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children ; ” two  on 
“ Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  ; ” one  of  “ Criticisms 
on  all  the  Popular  Systems  of  Medicine;”  also,  “The 
Provocation  and  Reply;”  and  “The  Philosophy  of  Lan- 


guage, Grammar  and  Composition ; ” and  has  issued  many 
volumes  of  reviews,  tracts  and  lectures.  He  has  educated 
about  1000  men  and  scores  of  women  for  the  practice  of 
medicine,  in  which  many  of  them  have  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful. June  23d,  1875,  completing  his  seventy-eighth 
year,  he  closed  his  last  regular  course  of  lectures  to  students, 
and  consecrated  the  remainder  of  life  that  may  be  allotted 
to  him  to  the  careful  revision,  correction  and  improvement 
of  his  regular  books,  the  gathering  up  and  preserving  in  The 
Good  Old  Recorder,  and  other  receptacles,  of  some  of  the 
best  of  his  scattered  reviews,  criticisms,  lectures  and  essays ; 
and  securing  to  them  a perpetual  publication  and  distribu- 
tion. At  the  close  of  two  lectures  which  he  had  been  in- 
vited to  deliver  at  the  commencement  in  1854  of  Knox  Col- 
lege, Illinois,  the  faculty  of  that  institution  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 


CAMP,  HARVEY,  Builder,  was  born  in  West- 
field,  Essex  county,  New  Jersey,  November  25th, 
1807.  He  came  with  his  parents,  Ezekiel  and 
Mary  De  Camp,  in  the  fall  of  1812,  to  Butler 
county,  Ohio,  where  they  opened  a farm  from  a 
dense  forest.  Mr.  De  Camp  came  in  the  spring 
to  Cincinnati,  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  of 
Ezekiel  Ross,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  began  busi- 
ness in  that  city  on  his  own  account,  taking  apprentices  to 
assist  him.  He  followed  it  steadily  for  thirty  years,  build- 
ing more  houses  than  almost  any  other  man  of  his  day,  and 
he  was  especially  instrumental  in  designing  and  superin- 
tending St.  Paul’s  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  Wes- 
leyan Female  College.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  paper  at  Lockland.  I le  was  for  five  years 
a member  of  the  City  Council.  He  has  been  for  forty-three 
years  prominently  connected  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  holding  all  the  offices  in  church  and  Sabbath- 
school  ; and  holding  also  directorship  in  various  charitable 
and  educational  institutions  and  business  companies.  In 
1829  he  was  married  to  Rebecca  A.  Wright,  by  whom  he 
has  seven  living  children;  and  in  1874  to  Mrs.  Sylvia  A. 
Willis.  The  family  of  Ezekiel  and  Mary  De  Camp  con- 
sisted of  five  girls  and  twelve  boys,  seventeen  in  all ; one  son 
dying,  Ezekiel  put  his  eleven  surviving  boys  to  trades,  ten  as 
builders  and  the  eleventh  to  the  business  of  millwright. 
They  taught  their  children  to  revere  the  Bible,  and  gave 
them  two  leading  ideas  as  guides  through  life,  “ honesty  ” 
and  “ industry.”  Consequently  all  have  been  prosperous. 
Nine  of  the  eleven  brothers  married  and  settled  in  Cincin- 
nati, and  never  had  a family  jar.  A month  before  the  assassi- 
nation of  President  Lincoln  Jud^e  William  Johnson,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, introduced  to  him  David,  Walter,  Hiram,  Harvey, 
Joseph,  Daniel,  Lambert  and  Job,  as  “ eight  brothers  from 
Ohio  who  all  voted  for  him,  and  who  daily  prayed  to  the 
Almighty  that  he  might  be  guided  by  wisdom  and  the  Union 


44 


LIOGRAPiilCAL  ENCYCLOI’.'EDIA. 


preserved.  On  June  1st,  1S70,  about  300  members  of  the 
De  Camp  family  had  a reunion  at  the  old  homestead  in 
Reily  township,  Butler  county.  All  gathered  around  one 
table,  with  vacant  chairs  for  the  absent  and  the  dead.  Had 
all  been  living  they  would  have  numbered  363,  and  includ- 
ing the  93  added  by  marriage,  456  persons.  A huge  cake 
occupied  the  centre,  crowned  with  a sugar  emblem  of 
clasped  hands.  It  weighed  100  pounds,  was  cut  into  300 
pieces,  which  gave  to  each  person  a third  of  a pound. 


UST,  RICHARD  SUTTON,  A.  M.,  D.  D.,  is  one 
of  the  most  energetic,  enthusiastic,  and  successful 
ministers  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church ; 
and  in  the  varied  official  positions  to  which  he 
has  been  called  has  rendered  valuable  service 
and  exhibited  rare  executive  ability  in  the  admin- 
istration of  affairs  intrusted  to  his  care.  He  was  born  in 
Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  September  12th,  1815.  His  mother, 
from  wiiom  he  inherited  many  of  liis  traits  of  character,  was 
a woman  of  deep  piety  and  superior  attainments,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  Sutton,  distinguished  among  liis  townsmen 
for  integrity,  independence,  and  intelligence.  He  was  left 
an  orphan,  his  father  dying  when  he  was  eight  years  old, 
and  his  mother  when  he  was  ten,  leaving  him  no  patrimony 
but  a parentage  spotless  and  revered.  One  of  his  uncles 
gave  him  a year’s  schooling,  where  he  first  formed  a taste 
for  study  which  never  forsook  him.  Another  uncle  gave 
him  a home  till  he  was  fourteen,  during  which  time  he  was 
compelled  to  work  hard  upon  a farm,  with  only  three 
months’  schooling  each  winter.  He  was  then  apprenticed 
to  learn  a cabinet-maker’s  trade,  and  at  the  end  of  three 
years,  yearning  fir  school  and  more  congenial  pursuits, 
purchased  the  balance  of  the  apprenticeship,  and  entered 
Phillips’  Academy,  Andover,  Massachusetts,  to  prepare  for 
college.  While  at  Andover  the  distinguished  abolition 
lecturer,  George  Thompson,  of  England,  visited  Phillips 
Academy  and  lectured  to  the  students  on  slavery.  With 
his  wonderful  eloquence,  wit,  and  logic  the  students  were 
charmed,  and  a large  number  of  them  became  abolitionists 
and  formed  an  anti-slavery  society.  The  teachers  were 
displeased  at  this  action,  and  required  the  students  to  leave 
the  anti-slavery  society  or  the  academy.  Nearly  one  hun- 
dred of  them,  rather  than  give  up  their  principles  and 
rights,  left  the  school ; some  went  into  the  anti-slavery  field 
as  lecturers,  and  others  to  institutions  where  freedom  of 
thought  and  speech  could  be  enjoyed.  Young  Rust,  with 
several  others,  went  to  Canaan,  New  Hampshire,  where  an 
academy  had  been  established  upon  liberal  principles,  and 
where  young  men  and  women  of  color  were  allowed  to 
enter  and  enjoy  the  advantages  of  culture.  So  bitter  was 
the  opposition  to  this  school,  because  it  extended  its  jirivi- 
leges  alike  to  all  without  distinction  of  color,  that  the  man- 
date went  forth  that  it  must  be  broken  up,  and  the  farmers 


I in  the  vicinity,  with  a hundred  yoke  Oi  oxen,  drew  the 
academy  more  than  a mile  out  of  town  into  the  woods  and 
broke  up  the  school ! Our  young  friend  finished  his  pre- 
; paratory  studies  at  the  Wilbrahain  Academy,  and  in  1837 
I entered  the  Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1841,  and  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in  1844.  In  1859  he  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  U.  D.  from  the  Wesleyan  University  at 
Delaware,  Ohio.  While  in  college  he  paid  his  expenses  by 
teaching  and  lecturing  winters.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
anti-slavery  lecturers  in  Connecticut,  and  in  New  Haven 
county  was  mobbed  repeatedly  for  his  lectures  against 
slavery.  He  aided  the  ladies  in  organizing  the  First  Anti- 
Slavery  Fair  at  Hartford,  and  published  for  that  occasion 
“ hreedom’s  Gift,”  a little  annual  of  anti-slavery  poems  and 
prose.  The  great  anti-slavery  struggle  reached  its  height 
as  he  came  to  his  manhood,  and  he  did  valiant  service  in 
the  good  cause,  and  was  a pioneer  in  the  Methodist  Epis- 
' copal  Church  in  this  grand  conflict.  In  1842  he  was 
Principal  of  Ellington  School,  Connecticut;  in  1843  Princi- 
jral  of  Middletown  Iligh  School;  in  1844  he  joined  the 
j New  England  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
I Church,  and  was  stationed  at  Springfield,  Massachusetts; 
and  in  1846  was  stationed  at  Worcester,  Massachusetts. 
During  the  next  five  years  Mr.  Rust  passed  through  one  of 
the  most  interesting  periods  of  his  life.  He  originated  and 
published  the  “American  Pul])it,”  was  transferred  to  the 
j New  Hampshire  Conference,  was  Principal  of  the  New 
I Hampshire  Conference  Seminary  and  Female  College,  and 
, was  State  Commi.ssioner  of  Common  Schools  for  New 
j Hampshire  for  three  years.  He  delivered  popular  lectures 
on  education  all  over  the  State,  awakened  the  deepest  inter- 
est in  the  schools,  assailed  with  wit,  sarcasm,  and  invectives 
the  miserable  old  school -houses,  and  did  a grand  work  in 
introducing  into  New  Hampshire  good  school-houses, 
teachers’  institutes,  and  an  improved  .system  of  common 
school  education.  In  1859  Dr.  Rust  was  transferred  from 
the  scenes  of  his  early  struggles  and  triumphs  to  the  Cincin- 
nati Conference.  The  name  and  character  of  the  man  pre- 
ceded him  in  the  West,  and  he  was  at  once  welcomed  to 
active  service  in  the  leading  enterprises  of  the  church.  He 
was  for  four  years  President  of  Wilberforce  University,  at 
Xenia,  after  which  he  became  pastor  of  Morris  Chapel, 
Cincinnati,  when  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Wesleyan 
Female  College,  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  until  the 
old  college  was  sold  and  vacated,  and  the  school  was  sus- 
pended until  the  new  college  could  be  erected.  He  was 
Corresponding  Secretai'y  of  the  Western  Freedinen’s  Aid 
Society,  and  in  connection  with  Bishop  Clark  and  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Walden,  aided  in  the  organization  of  the  Freedmen’s 
Aid  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  for  the 
last  eight  years  has  been  its  Corresponding  Secretary,  and 
has  discharged  its  duties  with  such  marked  efficiency  and 
ability  as  to  meet  the  highest  commendation  of  the  whole 
church.  This  society,  under  the  administration  of  Dr. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


45 


Rust,  has  established  and  sustained  in  central  locations  in 
the  South  twelve  institutions  of  learning,  styled  seminaries, 
colleges,  or  universities,  for  the  training  of  teachers  and 
preachers  for  the  elevation  of  this  long-neglected  race  so 
lately  admitted  to  all  the  rights  and  duties  of  American  cit- 
izens. For  the  successful  management  of  this  important 
educational  work  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  by  his  deep, 
long,  life  interest  in  this  people,  his  attainments  as  a scholar, 
his  previous  experience  as  an  educator,  and  shrewd  business 
habits,  was  pre-eminently  fitted,  and  the  results  achieved  by 
this  society  have  exceeded  the  highest  anticipations  of  its 
friends.  Dr.  Rust  was  successful  as  a pastor,  a fine  writer, 
and  an  impressive  preacher;  pre-eminent  as  an  educator, 
possessing  great  power  over  the  young  of  awakening  them 
to  high  and  noble  purpose ; and  there  arc  but  few  men  in 
this  country  who  have  aided  in  educating  so  many  of  her 
youth  who  now  fill  important  positions  in  society  and  wield 
so  great  influence  for  Christ  and  the  right.  In  his  boyhood 
he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  slave,  labored  for  his  emanci- 
pation ; and  his  mature  life,  attainments,  and  amide  means 
are  consecrated  to  the  preparation  of  this  emancipated 
people  for  tlie  appropriate  discharge  of  the  important  duties 
imposed  upon  them  by  freedom,  so  that  liberty  may  prove 
a ble.ssing  rather  than  a curse  to  them.  As  a Christian 
philanthropist  he  has  done  his  noblest  work,  and  for  this  by 
a grateful  people  he  will  be  held  in  remembrance. 


JOFFMAN,  SILAS  WRIGHT,  City  Auditor  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Hoffman’s,  Sche- 
nectady county.  New  York,  October  6th,  1846. 
His  father,  John  Hoffman,  was  a native  of  Ger- 
many, who  emigrated  to  the  United  .States  when 
he  was  about  thirteen  years  of  age ; while  his 
mother,  Elizabeth  Wheaton,  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  educated  in  .Schenectady,  New  York,  and  at  the 
Albany  Mercantile  College,  whence  he  graduated  in  Janu- 
ary, 1863.  He  then  removed  to  Dunkirk,  New  York, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  office  of  the  Erie  Railroad 
until  December,  1863,  when  he  resigned  his  position.  He 
arrived  in  Cincinnati  Januaiy  28th,  1864,  and  there  became 
entry  clerk  for  Dickson,  Clark  & Co.,  wholesale  hardware 
merchants.  After  a service  of  one  month  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  position  of  Bookkeeper  for  H.  J.  Montgomery, 
a wholesale  hat  and  cap  merchant.  Here  he  remained 
until  April,  1870,  when,  on  account  of  his  election  to  the 
City  Council  by  the  citizens  of  the  First  Ward,  he  resigned 
his  position  and  opened  a family  grocery  and  provision 
store.  His  ward  was  strongly  Republican,  and  he  was  the 
first  Democrat  who  had  been  elected  for  ten  years.  During 
his  term  as  Councilman,  in  1871,  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Democratic  Convention  for  County  Auditor,  though  only 
twenty-five  years  of  age.  Although  he  ran  about  fifteen 
hundred  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  was  defeated  by 


about  six  hundred  majority;  but  in  April,  1872,  he  was 
elected  City  Auditor  for  a term  of  three  years.  In  April, 
1875,  he  was  unanimously  re-elected  for  another  term,  re- 
ceiving flattering  recognition  of  his  efficiency  and  faithful- 
ness as  a public  officer.  He  was  married  on  June  20th, 
1867,  to  Amanda  M.,  daughter  of  J.  C.  Thompson,  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  this  union  has  been  sealed  by  the 
birth  of  a son  and  a daughter.  Though  still  in  the  early 
prime  of  manhood,  he  has  attained  a position  in  public  and 
social  life  rarely  achieved,  and  of  which  his  friends  are 
justly  proud. 


^ILMORE,  JAMES,  of  the  banking  house  of  Gil- 
more, Dunlap  & Co.,  Cincinnati,  was  born  Sep- 
tember 2lst,  1814,  at  Bridgehampton,  Long 
Island,  New  York.  His  father,  Gordon  R.,  was 
a native  of  Bailiboro’,  county  Cavan,  Ireland. 
His  mother,  Phoebe  Sandford,  was  of  Bridgehamp- 
ton. In  1821  his  father,  Gordon  R.,  and  father’s  brother, 
John,  emigrated  to  Cincinnati,  and  established  the  earliest 
private  banking  house  in  the  histoiy  of  the  city,  under  the 
firm-name  of  J.  & G.  R.  Gilmore.  It  was  on  the  west  side 
of  Main  street,  a few  doors  north  of  the  present  Madison 
House.  His  father,  October  21st,  1832,  fell  a victim  to  the 
Asiatic  cholera,  it  being  its  first  visit  to  our  country.  James 
Gilmore  entered  Yale  College  in  1830,  graduated  in  1834; 
studied  law  but  never  practised;  and  January  1st,  1840, 
founded  his  present  banking  house.  On  July  l8th,  1842, 
he  married  Mary  Jane  Stubbs,  of  Cincinnati,  by  whom  he 
has  five  children.  His  second  son,  Virgil  G.,  is  an  active 
partner  in  his  father’s  business,  and  was  married  September 
5th,  1872,  to  Bessie  Smith,  of  Cincinnati.  They  have  one 
daughter,  Genevra. 


OLFE,  N.  B.,  M.  D.,  belongs  to  the  fourth  of  de- 
S 1 I I sesnding  generations  which  were  born  in  or  near 
/III  Columbia,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania.  The 
roots  of  his  family  stock  came  from  England  and 
^ Germany  about  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  ; 

his  maternal  ancestor,  Mary  Hudson,  being  one 
of  the  Quaker  colonists  who  accompanied  William  Penn  in 
the  voyage  of  “ye  good  ship  ‘Canterbury,’”  which  an- 
chored before  Newcastle,  Delaware,  in  the  winter  of  1699. 
The  doctor  was  born  in  Columbia,  on  Christmas,  1823. 
His  father,  who  was  an  architect,  died  in  the  preceding 
summer  of  yellow  fever,  while  superintending  the  construc- 
tion of  the  capitol  buildings  at  Jackson,  Mississippi.  His 
mother  was  left  to  provide  for  the  necessities  of  her  little 
family  without  means,  save  such  as  her  own  industry  could 
sujiply.  But  she  managed  to  bring  them  up,  as  the  doctor 
facetiously  puts  it,  “ fat,  ragged,  and  saucy.”  She  suc- 
ceeded in  giving  to  all  her  children  such  education  as 
enabled  them  “to  read,  write,  and  cypher.”  As  a youth 


46 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


the  doctor  was  full  of  fun  and  adventure.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  began  to  make  a living  for  himself  as  boat  driver 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal.  He  made  one  trip,  and  when 
he  got  up  to  the  mountains  of  Huntingdon  county  he  left 
the  canal  and  engaged  as  a boy  of  all  work  with  Robert 
Speer,  of  Cassville.  P'or  two  years  he  was  engaged  in  this 
way,  and  attending  two  full  winter  sessions  of  the  Cassville 
Academy.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  returned  home  and 
assisted  his  brother  Henry  during  the  plastering  season. 
In  1839  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Coliiitibia  Spy,  where 
he  displayed  ability  in  learning  the  art  of  printing.  While 
serving  in  this  capacity  he  was  prominent  in  organizing  the 
Franklin  Debating  Society  and  Library,  and  was  active  as 
a speaker  in  its  discussions.  Eli  Bowen,  who  became  dis- 
tinguished as  a Pennsylvania  geologist,  was  a talented 
member  of  this  little  society.  In  1840  young  Wolfe  was 
elected  Captain  of  the  Junior  Washington  Rifles,  a military 
company  which  he  commanded  two  years.  In  1842  he 
started  on  a journey  from  Columbia  to  Ohio.  He  crossed 
the  Allegheny  mountains  two  hundred  miles  from  home, 
and  brought  up  at  Ebensburg  in  a footsore  and  impecunious 
condition.  Here  he  stopped  and  engaged  at  plastering  dur- 
ing the  summer  season,  and  in  winter  taught  school.  A 
slight  accident  while  teaching  gave  a new  direction  to  the 
after  life  of  young  Wolfe.  While  raising  a window  his 
hand  slipped  and  forced  itself  through  the  glass.  A small 
artery  was  cut,  and  to  arrest  the  bleeding  surgical  aid  was 
required.  While  dressing  the  wound  the  surgeon — Dr. 
Aristide  Rodrigue — said  : “ I will  take  you  as  a student, 
and  assist  you  with  means  to  graduate,  if  you  will  render 
me  certain  services.”  The  conditions  were  accepted,  and 
Wolfe  entered  regularly  as  a student  in  medicine  in  his 
office.  Dr.  Rodrigue  soon  after  moved  to  Hollidaysburgh, 
Blair  county,  where  for  two  years  Wolfe  closely  applied 
himself.  It  then  became  apparent  to  him  that  his  preceptor 
was  not  able  to  fulfil  the  conditions  of  the  contract ; so  he 
accepted  propositions  from  Dr.  Wallace  to  go  to  Canada, 
who  promised  to  assist  him  through  a course  of  lectures  at 
Dr.  Rolph’s  Medical  -School.  This  time  the  quasi  pre- 
ceptor performed  more  than  he  promised  ; for  after  crossing 
the  lake  he  stole  Wolfe’s  trunk  and  left  him  penniless  at 
the  Black  Horse  Tavern,  in  Toronto.  As  soon  as  Wolfe 
comprehended  his  situation  fully  he  started  on  foot  down 
the  Kingston  pike  with  neither  “ purse  nor  script.”  The 
day  was  bleak  and  chilly  and  omened  a wintry  night.  He 
took  shelter  in  a wayside  cottage  till  morning.  At  noon  on 
the  following  day  he  entered  a public  house  in  Millville  and 
declared  his  intention  to  settle  and  practise  medicine  in 
that  place.  The  landlord  was  delighted  with  the  honor  of 
having  a doctor  in  his  house,  and  gave  him  his  best  room. 
Wolfe  prospered  in  his  new  location  ; but  in  a few  months 
moved  north  to  Cartright,  in  the  vicinity  of  an  Indian  reser- 
vation on  I.ake  Skugog.  He  became  a favorite  with  the 
red  men,  and  with  them  hunted  and  fished;  at  one  time 
accompanying  a party  for  that  purpose  through  a wilderness 


of  woods  several  hundred  miles  away.  The  chief  of  these 
Indians  offered  Wolfe  his  daughter  “ Fawn  Eye  ” in  mar- 
riage ; but  Wolfe,  not  desiring  to  re-enact  the  drama  of 
Pocahontas,  respectfully  declined.  He  returned  to  his 
home  in  1850,  having  first  travelled  through  the  Western 
States  of  the  Union.  Soon  after  he  passed  an  examination 
by  the  professors  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  received  the  degree  of  Medical  Doctor.  He 
now  became  interested  in  politics,  and  represented  his 
county  in  a State  Gubernatorial  Convention  ; was  an  admirer 
and  friend  of  James  Buchanan.  He  soon,  however,  lost 
his  party  standing  in  consequence  of  a disagreement  with 
his  political  friends  in  regard  to  the  practical  operations  of 
the  fugitive  slave  law.  An  old  black  man  was  shot  down 
in  the  streets  of  Columbia  for  resisting  arrest  by  a slave 
hunter  from  Maryland,  who  claimed  the  negro  as  his 
property.  The  doctor  ever  afterwards  absolved  himself 
from  all  political  parties  in  a partisan  sense.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  defection,  however,  Mr.  Buchanan,  who  was  then 
Minister  to  England,  offered  him  the  position  of  private 
secretary,  which  he  declined.  This  unaccepted  offer  was 
supplemented  by  another  in  the  form  of  a commission  from 
Washington,  authorizing  Wolfe  to  travel  through  Farther 
India,  Thibet,  Persia,  and  Arabia,  to  gather  information 
respecting  the  medical  botany  of  those  Oriental  countries. 
Also  to  travel  through  China  to  make  observations  upon 
the  eultivation  of  the  tea  plant,  with  the  view  of  introducing 
the  same  into  the  United  States.  Wolfe  accepted  this  coni- 
mission  ; but  before  the  vessel  sailed,  in  which  he  had  stored 
his  trunks,  from  Boston  harbor  for  Calcutta,  the  Southern 
rebellion  broke  out  and  put  an  end  to  the  enterprise.  He 
now  devoted  himself  to  his  profession,  and  began  to  make 
the  pathology  and  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  pulmonary 
structure  a special  study.  To  succeed  the  better  im  this 
purpose  he  returned  to  Canada,  and  settled  in  .St.  Jacob’s, 
Waterloo  county,  in  the  upper  provinces.  Here  he  rapidly 
built  up  a lucr.ative  practice,  and  after  several  years  married 
and  returned  to  the  United  States.  He  opened  an  office  in 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  with  the  special  purpose  of  treating 
diseases  of  the  nose,  throat,  and  lungs ; but  after  a residence 
of  two  years  in  that  city,  he  changed  his  location  to  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  in  1857,  where  he  still  remains.  He  has  pub- 
lished several  medical  works  on  the  pathology  and  treat- 
ment of  diseases  of  the  pulmonary  structure.  The  one  by 
which  he  is  best  known,  however,  is  his  “ Common  Sense 
Book.”  He  began  the  publication  of  this  work  in  1857, 
since  which  time  he  has  printed  and  distributed  gratuitously 
more  than  three  million  copies.  These  he  has  sent  into 
every  hamlet  in  the  United  .States  and  Canada.  The  cost 
of  this  publication  has  been  over  ^300,000:  $60,000  has 
been  paid  to  the  government  alone  for  postage.  In  his 
Cincinnati  practice  Dr.  Wolfe  has  written  more  than  two 
hundred  thousand  professional  letters.  He  has  had  twenty 
thousand  patients,  and  has  kept  a full  record  of  each  case. 
His  professional  fees  have  exceeded  $1,000,000.  He  is 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


47 


estimated  to  be  the  wealthiest  physician  in  Cincinnati,  but 
lives  in  a veiy  unostentatious  manner.  He  is  a firm  and 
outspoken  believer  in  modern  spiritualism,  and  quite  re- 
cently has  written  a most  remarkable  book  on  that  subject, 
detailino-  his  experience  with  spirit  media.  This  book  has 
passed  through  a second  edition  in  the  United  .States,  and 
has  been  republished  in  England  and  Germany.  In  review- 
ing this  work  a writer  in  the  “ Human  Nature,”  which  is 
published  in  London,  says : “ Ur.  Wolfe’s  opportunities 
have  been  remark.able ; but  the  book  is  more  indebted  to  the 
author  than  to  his  surroundings.  In  it  we  have  not  merely 
a literary  production,  but  the  soul  of  a true  man  fully  devel- 
oped in  the  m.anifold  phases  of  his  character.  With  the 
tenderness  of  a woman  there  is  exhibited  the  stern  disci- 
pline of  a general ; the  reverence  of  the  highest  adoration  is 
strengthened  by  the  boldness  of  the  iconoclast ; an  intuitive 
faith,  reaching  up  to  loftiest  secrets  of  existence,  finds  a sure 
footing  in  a fonn  of  skepticism — if  th.at  be  a true  term  for 
it — which  will  have  facts  alone  as  a basis  for  deductions ; 
and  to  the  burning  enthusiasm  of  an  investigator  who  in 
two  years  devoted  thirty  weeks  to  close  experimentation, 
with  one  medium,  is  well  supplemented  by  a scrutiny  which 
left  no  test  unemployed  which  ingenuity  could  devise  to 
attest  the  truth  of  the  phenomena  he  records.” 


-^ERKE,  JOHN,  ex-Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county, 
is  the  eldest  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Gerke, 
of  Meppin,  Kingdom  of  Hanover,  and  was  born 
Januaiy  19th,  1822.  His  parents  were  poor, 
which  compelled  him  to  bear  part  of  the  burdens 
of  the  family  at  an  early  age.  This  he  did  at 
every  available  kind  of  work.  Thus  he  worked  to  support 
his  father’s  family  until  his  twenty-first  year,  when,  growing 
weary  of  such  life,  he  determined  to  go  to  America  to  seek 
his  fortune.  In  April,  1S43,  landed  in  New  York. 
Making  a brief  stay  in  New  York,  he  came  West  and  located 
in  Fort  Mayne,  Indiana.  There  he  engaged  to  work  in  a 
brick  yard,  at  moulding,  at  $30  per  month  and  board  in- 
cluded. In  the  winter,  not  being  able  to  work  at  brick- 


making, he  chopped  cord  wood  at  twenty-five  cents  per 
cord.  At  the  commencement  of  the  second  year  he  started 
the  brick-making  business  for  himself,  in  connection  with 
six  of  his  countrymen.  This,  however,  soon  was  aban- 
doned, not  proving  as  remunerative  as  was  desired.  After 
trjdng  various  other  expedients  to  get  on,  and  not  being  at 
all  successful,  the  currency  of  Indiana  then  being  in  such 
an  unsafe  and  valueless  condition,  Mr.  Gerke  began  to 
think  he  had  not  much  bettered  his  chances  on  the  road  to 
fortune  by  coming  to  America.  He  still  kept  trying,  and 
among  other  things  actually  went  to  knitting  woollen  stock- 
ings with  his  own  hands  at  fifty  cents  a pair.  Of  course, 
while  currency  was  so  depreciated  and  wages  so  low,  pro- 
visions were  correspondingly  low,  and  consequently  he  was 


enabled  to  live  along  tolerably  smoothly,  and  even  save  a 
little  money,  although  he  was  married  and  had  the  care  of 
a family.  After  two  and  a half  years  spent  in  this  manner 
he  became  disgusted  and  started  to  St.  Louis  to  try  his  for- 
tune there.  Here  he  was  unsuccessful,  and  in  le.ss  than  a 
year  started  back  to  Fort  Wayne.  Arriving  in  Cincinnati, 
and  finding  the  canal  frozen  up,  he  managed  to  remain  and 
struggle  through  the  winter,  some  days  working  at  twenty- 
five  cents  per  day.  His  little  family  now  consisted  of  three 
persons.  In  the  spring  following  he  obtained  employment 
in  a brick-yard  at  ^40  per  month,  at  moulding;  but  choos- 
ing to  work  double  time,  he  made  much  more  than  that 
sum.  He  was  now  soon  enabled,  with  one  of  his  country- 
men, to  start  a brick-yard  of  his  own  west  of  Freeman 
street.  This  was  his  first  start  in  life.  They  soon  opened 
another  yard  on  Laurel  street.  From  this  they  moved 
their  business  into  Storrs  township,  across  Mill  creek. 
Their  business  increased  to  a very  great  extent,  making 
tens  of  thousands  daily,  and  supplying  many  large  buildings. 
He  was  all  the  time  clerk,  superintendent,  and  workman. 
This  business  was  carried  on  very  successfully  for  more 
than  eight  years.  On  January  28th,  1855,  he  bought  the 
distillery  of  George  W.  Skaats,  for  $15,000,  without  paying 
down  a cent  of  money.  He  was  to  pay  for  it  in  five  yearly 
instalments,  his  personal  honor  only  being  required  as 
security.  In  this  new  adventure  he  commenced  very  suc- 
cessfully ; but  in  the  course  of  six  months  the  whole  estab- 
lishment, together  with  a large  amount  of  corn  and  other 
material,  including  seven  hundred  fat  hogs,  was  consumed 
by  fire ; the  errtire  loss  not  being  less  than  $80,000,  not 
over  one-tenth  being  covered  by  insurance.  One  hundred 
men  were  the  next  day  put  to  work  to  clear  away  the  rub- 
bish. In  less  than  a month  a three-story  brick  building 
was  ready  for  the  machinery.  But  at  this  time  a great 
storm  sweeping  over  this  part  of  the  country  levelled  his 
new  building  to  the  ground.  Still  the  man  turned  not 
from  his  purpose.  In  eighty-five  days  from  the  fire  his 
works  were  in  full  operation.  But  hard  times  now  set  in. 
^Yith  a great  debt  upon  him,  borrowing  from  numerous 
sources,  and  receiving  the  invaluable  services  of  his  two 
friends,  Uavid  Gibson  and  George  W.  Skaats,  he  finally 
came  out  triumphant.  During  the  war  his  business  became 
enormous,  and  he  accumulated  a vast  amount  of  money. 
In  1866  his  business  had  assumed  such  dimensions  that 
during  the  year  he  actually  paid  a government  tax  of  over  a 
million  and  a quarter  of  dollars.  During  all  this  time  he 
was  his  own  bookkeeper  and  manager.  What  is  remark- 
able, too,  Mr.  Gerke  had  never  been  in  school  a single  day, 
and  had  hardly  acquired  the  simplest  rudiments  of  an  Eng- 
lish or  German  education.  In  1864  he  purchased  one-half 
of  the  Eagle  Brewery  of  Joseph  Schallcr.  In  1868  he  built 
the  Union  Distillery,  No.  9,  still  in  operation.  He  was 
three  years  Trustee  of  Storrs  township,  was  the  first  Aider- 
man  of  the  Twenty-first  Ward,  and  has  served  two  years  as 
Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county.  The  duties  of  these  posi- 


48 


lilOGRArniCAL  ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 


tions  he  has  filled  with  peculiar  faithfulness.  So  great  was 
his  popularity  that  he  ran  2200  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket  in 
the  race  for  the  Treasurership.  Previously  to  starting  to 
America  (in  1843)  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Konnon, 
of  Neppen.  Of  eleven  children  in  his  family  only  three 
are  now  living.  George  is  now  engaged  in  his  father’s 
business,  and  in  a way  highly  gratifying  to  his  father.  At 
the  time  of  his  marriage  Mr.  Gerke  was  without  money,  but 
his  wife  had  ^300,  on  which  they  came  to  America  and 
started  life  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  Although  Mr.  Gerke 
belongs  to  more  social  and  secret  orders  than  any  Western 
man,  when  he  is  sick,  or  money  is  otherwise  due  him  from 
them,  he  receives  none,  but  orders  his  dues  to  be  paid  to 
the  orphan  or  other  benevolent  institutions.  Few  men 
have  been  so  characteristically  liberal  in  all  their  dealings. 
Being  a Catholic,  he  does  not  adhere  to  the  strict  formulae 
of  the  church ; believes  in  the  power  of  the  great  God,  and 
not  that  of  the  priest;  supports  all  churches  and  believes  in 
them,  lie  pays  regular  fees  to  thirty-eight  secret,  social, 
and  benevolent  organizations.  He  has  paid  more  business 
taxes  than  any  man  in  Cincinnati  in  his  business,  and  de- 
frauded no  man  out  of  a cent  justly  due  him.  This  is  a re- 
markable career,  having  many  examples  of  pluck,  persever- 
ance, economy,  industry,  and  honorable  dealing  worthy  of 
imitation.  Mr.  Gerke  possesses  most  of  the  true  elements 
of  success  in  life,  with  great  force  of  character,  business 
integrity,  benevolence  of  disposition,  and  all  those  qualities 
that  gather  friends  without  respect  to  party.  He  thinks 
America  the  best  country  in  the  world  for  a poor  man,  and 
considers  himself  one  of  her  best  Democrats,  as  he  holds  no 
bonds,  but  turns  his  money  into  channels  beneficial  to  his 
government  and  useful  to  his  fellow-men. 


father. 


HUMPHREYS,  JOSEPH  BLOOMFIELD,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, was  born  June  l6th,  1802,  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  and  his  baptismal  register  may  be  found 
in  the  parish  church  of  Clontarf.  He  was  the 
fourth  of  five  children,  whose  parents  were  Isaac 
Humphreys  and  Elizabeth  Montgomery.  His 
native  of  Ireland,  came  to  America  before  the 
Revolution,  was  raised  and  educated  in  Philadelphia,  was 
occupied  as  a farmer  through  life,  and  died  in  1850  at 
Marietta,  Ohio.  He  settled  in  Marietta  previous  to  Burr’s 
conspiracy,  and  at  one  time  represented  Washington  county 
as  a Senator  in  the  Ohio  Legislature.  The  mother  of 
Joseph  was  a native  of  Philadelphia,  dying  in  that  city  in 
1826.  His  facilities  for  obtaining  an  early  education  were 
limited ; but  his  progress,  necessarily  slow  for  the  want  of 
advantages,  was  by  his  industi-y  made  thorough  and  of 
practical  use.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  began  life  for  him- 
self as  a clerk  in  the  clerk’s  office  of  AVashington  county, 
Ohio,  and  this  position  he  held  for  five  years.  This  he  left 
to  accept  a desk  in  the  Ohio  Land  Company’s  office,  and 


after  a year’s  service  was  taken  as  clerk  on  an  Ohio  river 
steam  packet.  I'rom  1824  to  1829  he  was  in  the  office  of 
the  County  Clerk  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  during 
the  last  year  he  was  Secretary  pro  te7n.  of  the  Cincinnati 
Municipal  Council.  The  three  subsequent  years  were 
spent  by  him  as  assistant  to  the  County  Auditor  of  Hamilton 
county.  From  1833  to  1849  engaged  in  farming  in 
Sycamore  township  of  same  county.  From  1849  1863 

he  engaged  and  continued  in  service  as  an  assistant  in  the 
Auditor’s  office  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio;  and  from  1863 
to  1865  he  filled  a responsible  post  in  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Cincinnati.  From  1865  to  1873  he  again  served 
as  assistant  in  the  office  of  the  Hamilton  County  Auditor. 
In  1S73  '’2  elected  Auditor  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio; 
his  term  of  incumbency  ending  November  loth,  1875. 
has  therefore  spent  no  small  portion  of  his  life  (forty-two 
years)  in  positions  of  public  trust  and  responsibility.  He 
was  married  in  March,  1833,  to  Martha  L.  Pendery,  a 
daughter  of  Alexander  Pendery,  who  settled  in  Hamilton 
county  in  1805,  and  is  the  father  of  eleven  children.  He 
was  whilom  an  old-line  Whig,  and  during  the  civil  war  a 
Republican.  He  is  a man  of  fine  social  qualities  and  a 
conscientious  churchman. 


yTRONG,  HON.  ROBERT  O.,  City  Solicitor  of 
Cincinnati,  was  born  in  that  city  August  2d,  1846. 
He  is  the  son  of  D.  E.  A.  Strong,  and  his  family 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Hamilton 
county.  He  was  educated  at  the  Miami  Univer- 
sity, at  Oxford,  Ohio,  whence  he  graduated  with 
honor  in  1867.  He  then  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  law 
with  E.  A.  Ferguson,  of  Cincinnati,  and  pursued  the  regu- 
lar course  at  the  Law  School  of  the  Cincinnati  College, 
whence  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1869,  and  was  then 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  at  once  devoted  himself  to  a 
vigorous  prosecution  of  his  professional  duties.  In  recog- 
nition of  his  ability  he  was  placed  in  nomination  for  the 
State  Legislature  by  the  Democratic  party  of  Hamilton 
county,  in  1S71,  and  triumphantly  elected.  Having  been 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  county  in  the  fall  of 
1872,  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Legislature  to  enter  upon 
the  duties  of  that  office.  He  fulfilled  the  duties  thus  de- 
volving upon  him  so  acceptably  that  he  was  elected  City 
Solicitor  for  two  years,  in  April,  1875.  He  died  January 
i8th,  1876. 

AO  5 

G yiHoODENOW,  HON.  JOHN  MILTON,  late  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  West- 
moreland, Cheshire  county.  New  Hampshire,  in 
the  year  1782.  He  was  of  Puritan  ancestry,  and 
bore  the  name  of  one  of  the  most  renowned  that 
adorns  the  history  of  that  wonderful  people.  His 
education  was  the  best  attainable  in  the  public  schools  of 


BIOGRArillCAL  E^XVCLOI^EDIA. 


49 


that  early  clay.  lie  embarked  for  a time  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, but  wa-s  unfortunate,  lie  next  commenced  the  study 
of  the  law  at  Canton,  Stark  county,  Ohio,  in  iSii.  After 
his  admission  to  the  bar  he  practised  at  Steubenville,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1S29,  but  before  the  close 
of  the  first  session  he  was  appointed  a Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  Owing  to  ill-health  h^  was  compelled  to  resign. 
In  the  spring  of  1S32  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where,  in 
1833,  he  was  appointed  President  Judge.  He  died  July 
20th,  183S,  leaving  a disconsolate  widow  and  two  daughters 
to  mourn  his  loss.  As  a law'yer  he  was  wmll-read,  skilful, 
quick,  and  adroit  in  seizing  a point  of  law  and  in  confusing 
his  antagonist,  and  he  was  an  able  jurist.  He  w'as  twice 
married,  leaving  one  daughter  by  each  union. 


^ /i'^^.VLLOWAY,  REV.  JOHN  SMIIH,  the  son  of 
C'll\  John  and  Margaret  (Smith)  Calloway,  was  born 
Oil  I)  Cettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  August  5th,  1806. 

jje  belonged  to  a good  old  Presbyterian  stock. 

His  father  was  a ruling  elder  in  the  church  of 
^ Cettysburg,  under  the  pastorates  of  Rev.  Drs. 
Will  iam  Paxton  and  David  McConaughy,  and  his  ancestors 
on  the  maternal  side  for  three  generations  were  also  ruling 
elders  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  this  country  and  in 
Ireland,  from  whence  they  emigrated  to  the  United  Col- 
onies early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  were  then  recog- 
nized as  connected  wdth  that  portion  of  the  people  usually 
designated  as  “ Scotch-Irish.”  The  cdiaracter  of  their  an- 
cestors may  be  learned  by  the  coat  of  arms  wdiich  is  to  be 
seen  engraved  on  the  ancient  marble  which  covers  their 
graves  in  the  beautiful  cemetery  at  Cettysburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. With  such  a lineage  it  was  reasonable  to  expect 
corresponding  results.  The  subject  of  this  .sketch,  after  a 
careful  academic  training,  entered  Jefferson  College,  at 
Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania,  then  under  the  Presidency  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Brown,  and  graduated  in  1826.  During  his  col- 
lege course  he  was  led  to  seek  the  Saviour,  and  his  parents’ 
hearts  were  gladdened  by  his  giving  himself  to  God  in  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  To  this  holy  w’ork  they  had  dedi- 
cated him  from  his  infancy.  He  entered  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  under  the  Presidency 
of  the  elder  Dr.  A.  Alexander,  and  graduated  in  1829.  He 
was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle  in  1828.  After 
leaving  the  seminary  he  preached  for  a time  in  Chambers- 
hurg  and  Mercersburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  also  at  Frederick, 
Maryland  ; and  then  leaving  the  home  of  his  nativity  and 
turning  his  face  westward,  took  charge  of  the  united  con- 
gregations of  Newton,  in  Muskingum  county,  and  Somer- 
set, Perry  county,  Ohio-.  Instead  of  settling  in  these 
churches,  as  he  was  desired  to  do,  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment as  agent  of  the  Board  of  Education,  in  w’hich  he 
continued  until  invited  to  the  church  of  Springfield,  Ohio, 
where  he  began  his  labors  in  April,  1832.  He  accepted 
7 


the  call  of  this  church,  and  was  ordained  and  installed  as 
pastor  by  Miami  Presbytery  on  October  3d,  1832.  October 
9th,  1832,  he  married  Belinda  Gardner,  of  Chillicothc, 
Ohio.  His  charge  at  Springfield  was  his  only  jiastoral 
charge,  and  was  one  of  the  most  useful  in  the  history  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Brother  Galloway  was  among  min- 
isters “the  beloved  disciple.”  Though  highly  impulsive 
and  emotional,  he  w'as  never  known  under  the  influence  of 
evil  passion.  The  cross  and  life  of  Christ  was  the  constant 
theme  of  his  effective  ministrations.  He  never  took  part  in 
controversy  in  the  spirit  of  a partisan,  yet  w'as  ever  ready  to 
take  a decided  .stand  on  all  important  questions.  The 
church  of  .Springfield  was  held  together  during  the  disrup- 
tion of  1S37-38  by  his  wisdom,  the  prudence  of  his  course, 
and  the  power  of  his  personal  influence.  He  was  an  indus- 
trious and  uniform  laborer.  His  church  at  Springfield  had 
a constant  increase.  The  additions  from  year  to  year, 
mostly  on  examination,  amounted  in  all  to  553  during  his 
pastorate.  Before  he  resigned  the  charge  in  Springfield  he 
had  felt  himself  seriously  disabled  in  his  ministry  by  im- 
paired hearing,  wdiich  continued  to  the  end  of  his  life. 
This,  how'ever,  did  not  hinder  his-  labors  or  usefulness  to 
any  great  extent.  Soon  after  the  pastoral  relation  was  dis- 
solved he  accepted  an  agency  for  the  American  Bible 
Society,  and  entered  this  service  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1851,  in  which  he  continued  with  great  zeal  and  suc- 
cess for  eleven  years.  A more  acceptable  and  unblamable 
public  servant  for  such  a field  could  not  be  found.  About 
a year  before  his  decease  he  took  charge  of  Cooper  Female 
Academy,  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  in  his  first  year  he  had 
made  substantial  progress  in  restoring  the  patronage  and 
character  of  the  institution  to  its  former  high  degree,  when 
he  was' suddenly  called  away  from  his  labors.  He  died 
August  25th,  1862,  and  his  mortal  remains  were  taken  to 
Springfield,  Ohio,  and  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  that  place, 
with  four  of  his  children  who  preceded  him  and  one  since  ; 
leaving  a beloved  wife  and  three  children  to  mourn  the  loss 
of  a devoted  husband  and  father.  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Thomas, 
lately  deceased,  W'rote  of  him  as  follows:  “ Brother  Gallo- 
way W'as  a man  of  strong  natural  sense,  of  an  amiable 
temper,  and  w'arm  affections.  I le  w'as  distinguished  by 
simplicity  of  character,  purity,  frankness,  and  earnestness 
of  purpose.  His  juety  was  unquestioned,  uniform,  con- 
sistent, ardent.  Modesty,  humility,  and  love  were  among 
his  characteristic  Christian  excellencies.  As  a preacher  he 
was  simple,  sincere,  scriptural,  practical,  and  affectionate.” 

REED,  W.  J.,  Manufacturer,  the  son  of  A.  1). 
Breed,  and  a member  of  the  firm  of  Crane, 
Breed  & Co.,  was  born  in  Fairhaven,  Massachu- 
setts, in  1835,  received  a thorough  common 
school  education  in  New  England.  He  w’as 
nearly  jirepared  for  a regular  collegiate  course  at 
Rhillips’  Academy,  Andover,  but  impaired  health  prevented 


50 


LIOGRAPJIICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


his  entering  college.  In  1S54  he  came  to  Cincinnati,  hut 
stayed  only  a short  time,  returning  to  New  England.  In 
1S55  he  went  back  to  Cincinnati  and  was  employed  by  the 
firm  of  Crane,  Breed  & Co.  in  various  capacities.  In  i860 
he  purchased  the  interest  of  John  Mills,  of  Marietta,  Ohio, 
and  became  a member  of  the  firm,  and  has  since  been  con- 
nected with  it  in  that  capacity,  lie  is,  like  his  father,  a 
gentleman  of  decided  energy,  of  fine  business  tact  and  of 
unimpeachable  integrity.  He  was  married  in  April,  1869, 
to  Laura  Adams,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 


I OUGLAS,  ROBERT  L.,  Life  Underwriter,  was 
born  of  Scotch  ancestry,  Septemher  4th,  1831,  in 
Oneida  county.  New  York.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Clinton  Liberal  Institute,  New  York ; 
from  1848  to  1850  was  a clerk  in  a wholesale 
and  retail  dry-goods  store  in  Buffalo;  from  1850  ! 
in  a wholesale  dry-goods  house  in  New  York; 
from  1855  to  1857  was  associated  with  the  largest  whole- ' 
sale  liquor  establishment  on  the  Pacific  coast,  in  San  P'ran-  j 
cisco;  from  1857  to  1861  was  a salesman  again  in  a| 
wholesale  dry-goods  house  in  New  York.  In  1862  he 
entered  into  the  business  of  life  insurance,  and  has  been 
constantly  employed  as  General  Agent  from  that  time  in 
New  York  and  Ohio — since  1865  in  the  latter  State  for  the 
Charter  Oak  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, the  reputation  of  which  he  has  ably  sustained,  his 
]dace  of  business  being  73  West  Third  street,  Cincinnati. 
He  has  been  twice  married:  first  to  Itlaria,  daughter  of 
the  Hon.  A.  Billings,  of  Oneida  county.  New  York,  on  the 
29th  of  October,  1857;  second  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  D. 
■S.  Drake,  Lsq.,  of  Marion  county,  Ohio,  on  June  1st,  1869. 
The  life  insurance  business  in  Ohio  owes  a very  great 
reform  to  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Douglas  for  his  sagacity  in 
conceiving  plans  for,  and  his  exertions  in,  founding  a Life 
Underwriters’  Association.  P’or  years  he  had  felt  the  neces- 
sity of  a reform  in  the  agency  work.  Life  insurance  agents, 
from  a want  of  appreciation  of  the  inestimable  value  to 
society  of  their  business,  had  become  so  aggressive  as  to 
bring  contumely  upon  themselves  as  a class,  and  conse- 
quently to  degrade  it  in  the  public  estimation.  To  correct 
this  and  other  abuses,  which  had  engrafted  themselves  upon 
the  workings  of  the  agency  .system  of  life  insurance,  Mr. 
Douglas  and  four  other  gentlemen  called  a meeting  of  the 
agents  in  Cincinnati,  in  1872,  which  proved  to  be  the 
nucleus  of  a Life  Underwriters’  Association  for  Cincinnati, 
Mr.  Douglas  writing  the  original  constitution  and  by-laws. 
The  success  of  this  was  so  surprising  in  accomplishing  the 
purposes  for  w’hich  it  was  designed  that  six  months  later  a 
State  association  was  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Douglas  is 
President.  The  movement  so  happily  begun  in  Ohio  has 
extended  over  the  Union,  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
those  of  Ohio  being  essentially  adopted  by  the  organizations  | 


of  other  States.  The  good  eft'ects  of  the  system  in  elevating 
i the  reputation  of  the  business,  promoting  harmony  and 
kind  fellowship  among  agents  of  different  companies,  is  a 
' matter  of  general  rejoicing  with  them,  and  Mr.  Douglas  as 
' the  founder  of  this  reform  has  become  widely  and  pleasantly 
I known.  He  is  a free  contributor  to  the  insurance  literature 
of  the  day,  and  alert  in  attacking  any  abuse,  no  matter  how 
elevated  or  powerful  its  source. 


ECKWITH,  S.  R.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Bronson, 
Ohio,  on  November  22d,  1832.  His  parents 
were  William  W.  Beckwith  and  Annie  Herrick. 
His  father,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Huron 
county,  Ohio,  died  iii  i860,  on  the  farm  on 
which  he  had  lived  for  more  than  forty  years. 
The  subject  of  this  biography  received  such  an  education 
as  is  usually  given  to  the  sons  of  farmers.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  entered  the  Norwalk  Academy,  and  continued 
his  studies  until  he  was  eighteen,  when  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  John  Tefft,  a prominent  physi- 
cian and  surgeon  of  Norwalk,  Ohio.  After  completing  his 
medical  education  in  the  colleges  of  Cleveland  and  New 
York  he  commenced  practice  with  his  preceptor,  and  in  a 
few  months  married  his  daughter,  Laura  L.  Tefft.  During 
the  year  he  remained  in  Norwalk  he  performed  several  im- 
portant surgical  operations,  which  attracted  the  notice  of 
the  trustees  of  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College,  and  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Surgery  in  that  institution.  He 
removed  to  Cleveland  after  delivering  his  first  course  of 
lectures,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  surgery.  In  a 
short  time  he  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  different  rail- 
roads entering  the  city,  and  in  connection  with  the  roads 
established  a private  hospital  known  as  the  .Surgical  Re- 
treat. He  has  always  taken  an  interest  in  the  education 
of  poor  young  men  ; he  makes  it  a rule  to  take  one  student 
annually  in  his  office  and  assist  in  his  education.  As  a 
reward  for  this  generosity  he  now  has  the  pleasure  of 
knowing  that  all  thus  assisted  are  prominent  medical  men  ; 
several  of  them  are  teachers  in  medical  colleges.  In  1870, 
on  account  of  Mrs.  Beckwith’s  health,  he  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati, and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  a 
new  field,  devoting  his  time  mostly  to  medical  consultations 
and  operative  surgery.  The  physicians  of  his  school 
availed  themselves  of  his  experience  and  skill  as  a surgeon, 
and  he  now  has  a more  lucrative  practice  than  before.  One 
portion  of  his  practice  is  worthy  to  mention.  He  has  oper- 
ated fifty-eight  times  for  ovarian  tumors  with  a loss  of  but 
four  patients;  his  success  is  attributed  to  the  beneficial 
action  of  the  medicines  given  by  physicians  of  his  school, 
more  than  to  any  peculiarity  in  operating.  In  1872  he  re- 
signed his  professorship  in  the  Cleveland  College,  and  with 
a few  others  organized  the  Pulte  College,  where  he  still 
holds  the  chair  of  Surgery. . Although  his  time  seemed  to 


BIOGRAI'IIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


51 


be  fully  occupied,  yet  he  has  written  a work  on  surgery  of 
more  than  800  pages,  ready  for  the  press ; and  two  years 
since  he  purcliased  the  large  properly  and  organized  the 
incorporation  known  as  the  Sanitarium,  for  the  treatment 
of  nervous  and  mental  diseases.  He  brought  this  institu- 
tion into  e.xistence  to  prove  that  insane  people  could  always 
be  treated  without  mechanical  restraint,  and  their  delusions 
cured  by  kindness  and  amusements  to  occupy  their  minds. 
Ilis  e.xpeclations  have  been  more  than  realized.  There 
have  been  more  than  three  hundred  patients  admitted,  with 
a ratio  of  ninety  per  cent,  of  cures  of  acute  mania. 


S3, 


^UIIME,  IIER^L\NN,  Manufacturing  Jeweller  and 
Merchant,  of  the  house  of  Duhme  & Co.,  Cincin- 
nati, was  born,  June  I4ih,  1819,  on  a farm  in  the 
Dukedom  of  Osnabruck,  Kingdom  of  Hanover, 
Germany.  In  1834  he  came  with  his  father  (who 
led  a band  of  emigrants)  to  Springfield,  Ohio. 
He  soon  became  a clerk  in  a wholesale  jewelry  and  fancy 
store  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  1S42,  when  twenty-three  years 
of  age,  was  enabled  by  close  economy  and  industry  to  start 
the  business  there  on  his  own  account.  Shortly  after  the 
opening  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  established  the 
manufacturing  of  jewelry  in  connection  with  his  other 
business,  an  especial  feature  of  which  was  that  of  diamond- 
setting. Designing  was  introduced  ; alchemy  was  added, 
.steam  power  used  in  every  department,  and  nothing  was 
left  undone  until  a complete  diamond-selling  and  gold  and 
silverware  manufacturing  establishment  was  perfected.  It 
finally  became,  as  it  yet  remains,  the  only  establishment  of 
the  kind  of  magnitude  in  the  West.  It  has  over  two  hun- 
dred workmen  constantly  employed,  and  its  salesrooms,  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Walnut  streets,  Cincinnati,  with 
a frontage  of  fifty  and  a depth  of  one  hundred  feet,  are 
the  most  extensive  of  the  kind  on  the  continent.  Its  whole- 
sale and  retail  customers  are  numbered  by  thousands,  while 
its  goods  find  their  way  into  every  Slate  of  the  Union. 


i 


t^OMSTOCK,  THEODORE,  Manufacturer,  was 
.born.  May  ist,  1818,  in  Sharon  township,  Frank- 
lin county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  son  of  Buckley  and 
Margaret  J.  Comstock.  The  family  had  settled 
for  many  generations  in  New  England,  and  in 
1811  Mr.  Buckley  Comstock  removed  to  Ohio 
and  settled  in  Franklin  county.  He  was  a very  extensive 
and  successful  farmer,  and  was  also  largely  engaged  in  the 
commission  and  forwarding  and  pork-packing  businesses. 
Theodore  Comstock  was  educated  in  such  schools  as  were 
common  in  the  days  of  his  boyhood,  and  worked  on  his 
father’s  farm  till  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  a 
dry-goods  store  at  Worthington.  At  the  expiration  of  two 


years  he  became  clerk  in  the  commission  house  in  Colum- 
bus, of  which  his  father  was  part  owner.  In  1S49  he  com- 
menced the  commission  business  on  his  own  account,  and 
his  industry  and  enterprise  in  a few  years  added  pork- 
packing, the  manufacture  of  lard  oil  and  flour-milling.  In 
these  pursuits  he  was  actively  and  profitably  engaged  till 
1858,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  retire  for  a few 
years  from  business  life.  On  his  restoration  to  health  he 
again  devoted  himself  for  several  years  to  business,  being 
extensively  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade  and  various  manu- 
facturing enterprises.  He  has  also  invested  largely  in  many 
other  manufacturing  interests  in  Columbus;  he  has  been  a 
stockholder  and  director  of  the  1 locking  Valley  Railroad 
from  its  commencement  to  the  present  time.  From  1852 
for  twenty-one  years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  City 
Council,  and  President  five  years,  and  has  greatly  interested 
himself  in  the  material  prosperity  of  the  State  capital ; for 
three  years  he  was  County  Commissioner.  He  was  ap- 
pointed, by  Governor  Chase,  Trustee  of  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Asylum  for  three  years.  Governor  Dennison  aji- 
pointed  him  for  three  years  Director  of  the  Ohio  Penitentiary. 
Mr.  Comstock  has  carried  into  his  public  life  the  same 
energy  and  business  sagacity  that  have  marked  his  more 
private  enterprises.  He  was  married  in  1841  to  Catharine 
E.  .Styles,  of  Worthington ; his  family  consists  of  five 
children. 

TROBRIDGE,  HINES,  Lithographer,  was  born, 
November  28th,  1823,  in  Solon,  Corllandt  county. 
New  York.  His  father,  James  Gordon  .Stro- 
bridge,  was  by  profe.ssion  a contractor  on  public 
works,  a native  of  Claremont,  New  Hampshire, 
and  the  fourth  in  descent  from  William  Stro- 
bridge,  born  in  Londonderry,  Ireland,  in  1687.  His 
mother,  Nancy  Maybury,  was  a native  of  Wilkesbarrc, 
Pennsylvania.  In  his  infancy  the  family  emigrated  to 
Hamilton,  Canada.  In  1843  came  from  Canada  to 
Cincinnati,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  with  his 
brother  and  on  his  own  account.  From  1848  to  1854  he 
was  bookkeeper  for  the  Methodist  Book  Concern.  In 
1854  he  formed  a partnership  for  the  carrying  on  of  litho- 
graphy with  E.  C.  Middleton  and  W.  R.  Wallace.  The 
latter-named  soon  withdi-ew,  and  Mr.  Middleton  in  1861. 
In  1868  the  firm  of  Strobridge  & Co.  was  formed  into  a 
joint  stock  company,  with  William  Sumner  as  president 
and  Mr.  .Strobridge  as  manager.  When  the  latter  first  en- 
gaged in  lithography  it  was  a comparatively  small  irrterest 
in  the  country,  the  entire  value  of  work  then  annually  done 
in  the  city  not  amounting  to  $^0,000:  the  printing  was 
entirely  by  hand-presses.  Within  a very  few  years  the 
lithographic  power-press  has  been  introduced,  which  has 
revolutionized  the  business  and  rendered  lithographic 
printing  perhaps  nearly,  if  not  rprite,  as  cheap  as  botrk 
printing  fifty  years  ago.  The  amount  of  business  has  nrore 


UNIVERSITY  OF 
ILLINOIS  LIBRARY. 


52 


B I O G R A r n I C A L E \ C Y C L O P . 1 D T A . 


than  tenfolded  in  Cincinnati  since  1854.  It  exceeds  annu- 
ally half  a million  in  value.  The  establishment  of  Stro- 
bi  idge  & Co.,  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Race  streets,  is 
the  most  extensive  west  of  New  York.  All  varieties  of 
lithographic  work  are  executed.  The  house  is  noted  for 
its  exquisitely  beautiful  chromos.  Its  corps  of  lithographic 
artists  are  capable  of  anything  within  the  domain  of  the 
art.  From  the  presses  of  this  house  first  originated  the 
series  of  Middleton’s  celebrated  national  oil  portraits, 
\Yashington,  Martha  Washington,  etc.  The  head  of  John 
Wesley,  issued  by  it  in  1858,  was  the  first  successful 
chromo-portrait  in  the  country. 


f:URDSAL,  JAMES  S.,  Wholesale  Druggist,  was 
born  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  November  4th, 
1S27,  to  which  locality  his  parents,  Aaron  and 
Nancy  Burdsal,  emigrated  from  New  Jersey  in 
1804.  The  first  ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
upon  his  father’s  farm,  and  in  the  discipline  of 
parental  care  and  the  labor  of  farm  work  he  acquired  a 
strength  of  character  and  vigor  of  physical  system  which 
have  jiroven  to  be  of  inestimable  value  in  his  maturer  years. 
Though  small  of  stature,  he  was  exceedingly  active  and 
strong,  and  his  schoolmates  well  remember  the  superiority 
he  enjoyed  in  all  athletic  exercises.  He  was  very  fleet  of 
foot,  and  had  the  reputation  of  being  the  strongest  youth 
of  his  size  and  weight  in  Cincinnati.  At  eleven  years  of 
age  he  entered  the  employ  of  his  brothers  in  the  drug 
business,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Main  and  Fifth  streets, 
Cincinnati,  and  with  the  exception  of  two  terms  at  the  old 
Cincinnati  College,  previous  to  its  destruction  by  fire,  he 
has  been  in  the  same  business  ever  since.  His  tuition  then 
was  paid  for  by  the  services  he  rendered  at  the  store  out  of 
school  hours,  and  notwithstanding  this  tax  upon  his  time 
he  always  kept  well  up  with  his  classes.  His  studying  had 
to  be  done  after  the  store  closed,  at  ten  o’clock  at  night. 
It  was  his  desire  and  intention  to  pursue  a full  course  at 
this  or  some  other  institution,  but  his  brothers  found  his 
services  so  valuable  to  them  that  he  felt  it  a duty  to  yield 
to  their  wishes  and  give  his  entire  time  to  business,  though 
he  still  did  not  neglect  his  studies  after  the  day’s  business 
duties  were  done.  By  such  a course  of  training  and  study 
Mr.  Burdsal  prepared  himself  for  the  active  and  untiring 
business  life  to  which  he  has  devoted  himself.  In  1850, 
with  his  brother.  Colonel  H.  W.  Burdsal  (now  deceased), 
he  purchased  the  stock  of  George  H.  Bates  & Co.,  and 
began  business  at  their  old  stand,  corner  of  Main  and 
Front  streets,  Cincinnati.  On  this  corner,  it  is  said,  the 
first  drug  store  in  Cincinnati  was  established,  seventy- 
five  years  ago,  and  it  has  been  used  for  the  same  business 
ever  since,  Mr.  Burdsal  himself  having  occupied  it  for  the 
last  twenty-five  years.  At  first  the  firm  occupied  but  one 
storehouse,  but  with  increasing  business  they  have  been 


compelled  to  enlarge  their  accommodations  until  now  they 
use  the  three  stores.  Nos.  i,  3 and  5 Main  street,  besides  a 
large  warehouse  and  au  extensive  chemical  Laboratory,  at 
the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Broadway,  capable  of  supplying 
an  almost  unlimited  quantity  of  chemicals  and  other  manu- 
factures in  their  line  of  trade.  The  well-known  firm  of 
James  S.  Burdsal  & Co.  has  a business  reputation  co- 
extensive with  the  West  and  South,  where  their  business  is 
principally  transacted,  and  to  all  the  details  of  this  vast 
business  Mr.  Burdsal  gives  his  immediate  personal  atten- 
tion, having  his  desk  located  right  in  the  midst  of  his 
employes  and  where  all  can  have  direct  access  to  him  for 
advice  and  instruction.  In  1850  Mr.  Burdsal  married 
Mary  F.  Wood,  eldest  daughter  of  William  Wood,  Esq., 
of  Cincinnati,  and  they  have  been  blessed  with  a consider- 
able family  of  .sons  and  daughters.  I'or  about  thirty  years 
Mr.  Burdsal  has  been  an  earnest  and  devoted  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  occupied  in  that 
denomination  many  important  and  influential  positions, 
having  been  at  various  times  trustee,  steward,  class-leader, 
member  of  the  Board  of  Council  of  the  Church  at  large, 
trustee  of  the  Home  Mission  organization,  etc.,  etc.  Prob- 
ably his  most  vigorous  efforts  have  been  given  to  the  de- 
partment of  Sunday-school  work.  In  this  field  he  has  been 
for  a score  of  years  past  one  of  the  most  prominent  laborers, 
and  he  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  system  and 
thoroughness  in  the  teaching  of  Sabbath-schools.  To  this 
cause  he  contributes  the  same  energy  and  enthusiasm  that 
characterize  him  in  his  secular  business  pursuits.  As  a 
Sabbath-school  superintendent  he  has  long  experience  and 
few  equals,  and  as  a speaker  to  children  his  services  are 
eagerly  sought  for  in  all  directions  where  his  Sunday-school 
acquaintance  extends.  Though  still  a young  man,  well 
inside  the  mark  of  fifty,  he  has  made  for  himself  a business 
character  and  a reputation  well  worthy  of  the  ambition  of 
all  young  men,  and  by  his  success  he  gives  new  evidence 
of  the  truth,  that  the  power  to  gain  an  enviable  and  honor- 
able position  in  life  lies  within  the  reach  of  any  young  man 
who  will  with  singleness  of  aim  and  jnirpose  devote  himself 
to  business  and  to  the  acquisition  of  practical  knowledge. 


URSEL,  SMITH,  retired  Farmer,  was  bom.  May 
30th,  1804,  in  Union  township,  Ross  county, 
Ohio.  His  father  was  a Virginia  farmer,  who 
removed  to  Ross  county  about  the  year  iSoo,  and 
was  among  the  pioneers  of  that  section.  He 
settled  in  Union  township,  where  he  resided, 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursints  until  his  death.  He  was 
one  of  three  of  the  original  Democrats  of  the  township. 
His  wife  was  a native  of  Delaware,  who,  with  her  father 
and  five  brothers,  came  to  Ohio  at  a very  early  day  with 
General  Massie  and  located  at  Station  Prairie,  near  Chilli- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.-L DIA. 


53 


cothe.  Her  brother,  Samuel  Smith,  was  the  first  justice 
of  tlie  peace  that  held  the  office  in  Ross  county.  Smith 
Pursel  obtained  his  education  in  the  ordinary  log  cabin 
school  of  those  primitive  times,  and  from  an  early  age  was 
trained  to  labor  on  his  father’s  farm.  When  he  arrived  at 
man’s  estate  he  continued  the  same  avocation,  which  he 
followed  until  1S74,  when,  having  attained  the  age  of 
threescore  years  and  ten,  he  retired  to  take  his  ease  and 
enjoy  the  fruit  of  his  labors  in  Chillicothe.  Faithful  to  the 
traditions  of  the  family  he  has  ever  been  a consistent 
Democrat,  but  has  steadily  refused  to  accept  office,  content 
to  do  his  duty  as  a citizen,  who  ever  takes  a deep  interest 
in  all  that  pertains  to  the  honor,  glory  and  welfare  of  the 
country.  His  religious  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the 
doctrines  of  any  particular  church,  but  he  is  a sincere 
believer  in  the  Christian  principle  of  charity  toward  all. 
He  h.as  passed  through  life  quietly,  without  making  any 
display,  but  is  esteemed  by  the  community  among  whom  he 
resides  as  a man  of  unimpeachable  integrity  and  honest 
jntrpose.  He  was  married,  September  28th,  i828_,  to 
Phoebe  Clark,  of  Ross  county,  and  is  the  father  of  eight 
children. 


of  1812. 


OLLETT,  M.\RTIX  DEWRY,  Lawyer,  Marietta, 
was  born  in  Enosburg,  Vermont,  on  October  8th, 
1826.  His  ancestors  were  of  Scotch  and  English 
descent,  and  in  this  country  the  name  has  ap- 
peared often  on  the  roll  of  honor.  His  grand- 
father, uncle  and  his  father  served  in  the  war 
In  1836  John  F.  Follett,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  moved  to  Ohio  and  settled  at  Johnstown,  | 
Leibring  county,  bringing  with  him  his  entire  family,  con-  i 
sisting  of  his  wife  and  nine  children.  He  first  attended  the 
common  school,  and  on  leaving  school,  up  to  the  time  he 
was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  lived  with  his  father  on  his 
farm,  when  he  left  his  home  for  Granville  Academy,  and 
wxs  at  Granville  College  two  years,  completing  his  educa-  j 
tion  at  Marietta  College,  all  of  which  he  paid  for  bv  his 
own  efforts ; and  when  he  graduated  it  was  at  the  head  of 
his  class  and  with  the  highest  honors.  On  leaving  college 
he  began  teaching  school,  first  at  Marietta  for  one  year, 
then  at  X'ewark,  Ohio,  then  for  one  year  at  Marietta  Col- 
lege; he  was  then  made  Superintendent  of  the  Public 
Schools  of  Marietta  for  two  years.  Having  during  this 
time  studied  law,  on  leaving  his  last  position  he  began  the 
practice,  locating  in  Marietta  in  1859,  since  which  time  he 
has  practised  continuously.  In  politics  he  has  always  been 
a Democrat,  and  in  1866  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats 
as  their  candidate  for  Congress.  In  1868  the  same  compli- 
ment was  tendered  him.  The  district  has  always  been 
largely  in  favor  of  the  dominant  party;  so  success  was  not 
expected,  yet  the  large  vote  polled  in  his  favor  shows  the 
great  esteem  in  which  he  is  held.  He  was  married  on 


December  19th,  1856,  to  Harriet  L.  Shipman,  of  Marietta, 
Ohio;  and  married  a second  time,  on  January  6th,  1875,  to 
Abbie  M.  Bailey,  of  Lowell,  Massachusetts. 


AMILTOX’',  JOHX  A.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania,  on  August  2d,  1847.  His 
father  was  Dr.  David  Hamilton,  a well-known 
medical  practitioner  of  that  city,  of  which  also 
his  mother,  Ruth  Allen,  was  a native.  The 
family  removed  to  Marietta,  Ohio,  in  1853. 
John  A.  attended  the  public  schools  of  Marietta  for  his 
preliminary  education,  and  completed  it  at  the  High  School 
in  that  city.  On  leaving  school,  in  August,  1863,  he  at 
once  entered  the  army  as  a private,  joining  the  2d  Ohio 
Artillery,  with  which  he  served  until  r'ebruary,  1864,  when 
he  was  detailed  as  Private  Secretary  to  General  Hugh 
Ewing,  then  commanding  the  2d  Division,  District  of 
Kentucky.  This  position  he  filled  until  Augu.st,  1S65, 
when  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  service.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Marietta,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business 
until  1867,  when,  having  a preference  for  the  law,  he  com- 
menced its  study  with  Golonel  David  Alban,  and  in  due 
course  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  the  spring  of  1871,  by 
the  District  Court  then  in  session  at  Gallipolis,  Ohio.  Im- 
mediately thereafter  he  became  a member  of  the  firm  of 
Knowles,  Alban  & Hamilton.  From  this  copartnership 
Colonel  Alban  retired  in  December,  1874,  but  the  remain- 
ing partners  continued  under  the  firm-name  of  Knowles  & 
Hamilton  until  the  fall  of  1875,  when  Mr.  Knowles  was 
elected  to  fill  a vacancy  on  the  Common  Pleas  bench.  He 
then  formed  a partnership  with  Judge  L.  W.  Chamberlain, 
which  last-named  firm  are  now  engaged  in  jiractising  at  the 
Washington  county  bar.  He  h.as  always  been  a Repub- 
lican in  politics,  though  in  1872  he  espoused  the  Greeley 
cause,  and  made  a vigorous  canvass  of  his  county  for  that 
cause.  He  was  married  in  iCya  to  Mary  M.  Martin,  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 


ILL,  COLOXEL  WILLIAM  IL,  General  Business 
Agent  of  the  Ohio  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  was 
born,  January  21st,  1826,  in  Hummelstown,  Dau- 
])hin  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  of  German 
descent.  His  father  was  a merchant,  having  a 
store  of  general  merchandise,  and  died  in  the 
East  when  William  was  quite  young.  His  mother,  a noble 
woman,  moved  with  her  family  to  Winchester,  Indiana, 
where  she  gave  her  children  the  best  education  in  her 
power,  that  afforded  by  the  common  schools.  His  first 
step  after  leaving  school  was  to  learn  the  carding  and 


54 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


spinning  business,  in  which  he  was  engaged  until  he  began 
for  himself  the  mercantile  trade  and  milling  business,  which 
was  prosecuted  with  the  great  energy  so  characteristic  of 
Colonel  Hill.  In  1S62,  when  the  great  war  of  the  rebellion 
was  fully  inaugurated  and  all  the  loyal  sons  of  the  United 
States  were  preparing  to  defend  our  flag,  he  was  among  the 
first  to  settle  his  business  and  enroll  his  name  in  the  8ist 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  chosen  Captain 
of  Company  A.  On  the  12th  day  of  August,  1S64,  in  an 
engagement  in  front  of  Atlanta,  Colonel  Hill  received  a 
gunshot  wound  in  his  left  hand,  and  was  sent  to  the  hos- 
pital in  Cincinnati.  Before  he  had  sufficiently  recovered 
to  return  to  his  regiment  he  was  assigned  to  duty  on  a court 
martial.  As  soon  as  he  was  relieved  from  that  duty  he 
immediately  returned  to  his  regiment,  and  remained  with  it 
until  the  war  had  closed  with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee. 
He  was  then  with  his  regiment  mustered  out  of  the  service 
at  Camp  Dennison.  He  entered  the  service  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  and  attained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel.  His  war  record  is  so  good  that  he  and  his  friends 
are  justly  proud  of  it.  Very  few  men  who  drew  their 
swords  at  the  commencement  of  that  terrible  struggle 
served  their  country  with  greater  devotion  through  the 
entire  rebellion  than  did  the  gallant  officer  whose  name 
stands  at  the  head  of  our  biographical  sketch.  On  return- 
ing to  civil  life  he  found  thousands  of  poor  soldiers  who 
had  not  yet  received  the  money  due  them  from  the  United 
States,  and  on  their  solicitation  he  ojiened  in  Cincinnati  a 
war  claim  and  real  estate  office,  and  was  en.abled  to  greatly 
aid  the  noble  defenders  of  the  country  he  loved  so  well. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  no  claim  agent  in  the  State  had  a 
larger  business.  In  the  spring  of  1868  he  removed  to  a 
farm  in  Butler  county,  where  he  remained  till  1870,  when 
he  removed  to  his  valuable  farm  in  Sycamore  township, 
Hamilton  county.  During  the  last  seven  years  he  has  been 
largely  engaged  in  farming.  Without  doubt  Colonel  Hill 
grew  and  harvested  more  wheat  on  his  farm  last  summer 
(1875)  than  any  other  f.trmer  in  his  township.  In  August, 
1873,  he  assisted  in  organizing  Eden  Grange,  No.  97, 
Patrons  of  Husbandry.  When  the  Hamilton  County  Coun- 
cil was  instituted.  Colonel  Hill  was  chosen  for  its  special 
Business  Agent.  On  the  29th  of  July,  1874,  after  the 
County  Council  had  become  thoroughly  organized,  he  was 
appointed  Business  Agent  of  the  .State,  the  locating  office 
being  at  Sharon;  but,  business  increased  so  rapidly,  it  was 
necessary  to  open  an  office  in  Cincinnati,  which  was  accom- 
plished on  April  ist,  1875,  with  local  agents  in  varioirs 
parts  of  the  State.  On  the  1st  day  of  October,  1S75,  the 
business  had  become  so  extensive  that  a large  warehouse 
was  opened  at  No.  63  Walnut  street,  Cincinnati.  He  has 
now  (November  12th,  1875)  several  assistants,  with  business 
increasing  so  rapidly  that  more  clerical  force  will  soon  be 
employed  in  his  counting-room.  The  following  advertise- 
ment from  the  Cincinnati  Daily  Conitnercial  shows  the 
manner  in  which  all  purchases  are  made: 


Proposals  will  be  received  at  the  Business  Office  of  the 
Ohio  .State  Grange,  63  Walnut  street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
until  the  15th  day  of  November,  1875,  *-  o’clock  M., 

for  furnishing  on  the  cars,  at  the  place  of  manufactory,  500, 
750  and  icoo  or  more  first-class,  two-horse  sulky  corn- 
cultivators,  in  lots  of  not  less  than  one  car-load  at  a time, 
and  at  such  times  as  the  Business  Agent  may  direct,  said 
cultivators  to  be  ])aid  for  on  or  before  July  or  August,  1876, 
each  bidder  to  furnish  a sample  cultivator  on  or  before  tlje 
day  of  letting.  The  right  is  reserved  to  reject  any  and  all 
bids.  Enclose  in  envelopes  “ Bids  for  Cultivators,”  and 
direct  to  the  undersigned.  Box  50,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

W.  11.  Hill, 

Business  Agent  Ohio  State  Grange. 

In  1874  Colonel  Hill  was  a candidate  for  the  office  cf 
County  Commissioner,  and  although  he  was  not  elected,  his 
popularity  in  his  own  township  was  so  great  that  he  re- 
ceived almost  the  entire  vote.  On  September  8th,  1849, 
he  was  married  to  Charlotte  L.  Kelley,  at  Winchester, 
Indiana.  Nine  children  have  been  born  of  this  union,  of 
whom  only  six  are  now  living. 


"PPLV,  JOHN  P.,  Furnishing  Undertaker,  was 
born  at  York,  Pennsylvania,  January  9th,  1818. 
His  grandparents  were  natives  of  Wurtemberg, 
Germany.  They  emigrated  to  America  about 
1760,  and  settled  in  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  his  parents  were  born.  In  1830  his  father 
purchased  a large  farm  and  mill  property  about  five  miles 
south  of  Gettysburg,  upon  which  in  1863  General  Meade 
rested  his  army  during  the  night  preceding  the  opening  of 
the  celebrated  battle  of  Gettysburg.  The  family  removed 
thither,  and  John  was  engaged  in  the  labor  incident  to  this 
farm  until  1836,  when  he  became  an  a]iprentice  to  the  house 
carpentering  trade.  In  November,  1837,  he  arrived  in 
Cincinnati  with  a cash  capital  of  $i.So  in  his  pocket.  He 
found  work  at  once  at  the  carpentering  trade  at  81.25  pet- 


day,  and  commenced  then  to  lay  ihe  foundation  of  a sub- 
stantial education,  by  attending  night  schools  and  employing 
all  his  leisure  moments  in  study.  In  April,  1848,  he  en- 
gaged with  P.  Rush  & Son,  undertakers,  as  bookkeeper 
and  assistant,  and  continued  in  this  capacity  until  1851, 
when  he  found  his  cash  capital,  gathered  from  scanty  earn- 
ings, to  be  8100.  With  this  he  resolved  to  start  in  business 
on  his  own  account,  with  the  determination  to  make  up  in 
energy  and  enterprise  what  he  lacked  in  ready  cash.  In 
1853  he  constructed  the  first  glass  hearse  in  the  United 
States,  and  some  years  after  he  purchased  in  New  Haven 
and  introduced  into  Cincinnati  the  first  Clarence  coach  used 
in  that  city.  About  the  same  time  he  secured  the  first  oval 
glass  hearse  known  to  that  section  of  the  country,  and  by 
enterprises  of  this  character  acquired  a business  surpassed 
1)y  none  of  the  kind  in  southern  Ohio.  He  was  the  first  to 
bring  into  use  the  metallic  burial-case,  and  is  the  only  un- 
dertaker in  Cincinnati  who  has  kept  up  a regular  supply 


^'^.->7/  r,  /7-  ' 


BIOGRAPHICAL  LNCYCLOP.EDIA. 


55 


house  for  uiulerlakers’  goods.  He  has  the  credit  alone  of 
success  in  producing  a perfectly  air-tight  wood  case  and 
casket.  In  addition  to  the  manufacture  of  his  own  style 
of  cases,  he  has  for  a long  time  constructed  his  own  hearses 
and  carriages,  in  an  establishment  which  is  one  of  the  most 
complete  in  all  its  mechanical  appointments.  Rendered 
peculiarly  susceptible  to  the  taint  of  disease  from  the  nature 
of  his  business,  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  pass  un- 
harmed through  the  dreadful  cholera  scourges  of  1849-50 
and  1866,  and  the  ravages  of  the  small-pox  in  Cincinnati. 
He  was  a member  of  the  old  fire  department  of  that  city, 
and  contributed  largely  towards  raising  that  important  mu- 
nicipal institution  to  its  present  excellent  condition.  He  is 
a man  of  liberal  impulses,  and  an  energetic  supporter  of 
public  improvements.  He  takes  little  interest  in  politics, 
has  no  aspirations  for  civil  office,  and  gives  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  a business  which,  developed  from  a small  beginning 
with  enterprise  and  care,  is  now  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
Cincinnati,  or  any  point  in  the  United  States. 


fISHER,  SAMUEL  WARE,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Cler- 
g)man  and  College  President,  was  born  at  Mor- 
ristown, New  Jersey,  on  April  5th,  1814.  His 
father  was  an  eminent  Presbyterian  minister,  for 
many  years  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Morristown, 
then  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State  ; and  after- 
ward for  twenty  years  the  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  Paterson.  He  was  the  first  Moderator  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  New  .School  body  after  its  separation  from 
the  old,  and  was  long  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  earnest 
workers  in  the  church,  to  whose  welfare  his  life  was  conse- 
crated. To  the  example  and  counsels  of  such  a father  was 
naturally  owing  something  of  the  tastes  and  tendencies  of  the 
son.  Dr.  h'isher  was  early  initiated  into  the  modes  of  thought 
and  action  common  to  the  great  body  with  which  he  was 
connected.  Its  traditions  were  all  familiar  to  him  from  boy- 
hood. The  choice  of  a profession  to  a young  man  is  some- 
times difficult;  the  result  of  anxious  deliberation,  the 
conclusion  reached  through  much  doubt  and  conflict.  To 
him  it  was  easy  ; a profession  to  which  his  life  had  been 
naturaliy  and  divinely  shaped  ; the  most  satisfying  and  best, 
he  thought,  which  can  be  chosen  by  man.  His  desires  and 
wishes,  his  purposes  and  ambitions,  if  I may  use  the  word 
in  its  better  sense,  opened  out  in  the  direction  of  work  for 
and  through  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Here  was  ground 
ample  and  noble,  whose  every  hillside  and  vale  were  familiar 


to  him,  and  it  is  perfectly  natural  that  he  should  always 
have  felt  himself  most  at  home  with  the  congregations  and 
presbyteries,  the  synods  and  assemblies  of  this  powerful 
body.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1835,  spent  a 
year  in  Middletown,  Connecticut,  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  IVinceton  for  two  years,  and  completed  them 
afterwards  at  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  New  York. 
Immediately  after  leaving  the  seminary  he  became  the 


minister  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  M'est  Bloomfield, 
New  Jersey.  During  his  ministry  of  a little  more  than  four 
years  in  this  place  his  fidelity  was  crowned  with  two  revivals 
of  religion.  From  there  he  removed  in  1843  *0  ^ larger 
and  more  trying  field  of  labor,  being  installed  on  the  13111 
of  October  in  that  year  as  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Albany.  This  position  was  one  of  unusual  deli- 
cacy and  difficulty.  The  church  was  probably,  at  that  time, 
the  largest  in  the  whole  denomination,  having  more  than 
nine  hundred  names  upon  the  roll  of  its  communicants. 
The  important  work  of  his  predecessors  he  supplemented  by 
other  work  quite  as  important  in  forming  a complete  and 
sound  Christian  character,  and  a vigorous  and  active  Chris- 
tian church.  The  work  that  he  did  there  has  not  lost  its 
value  by  the  lapse  of  years,  nor  is  the  estimation  of  its  im- 
portance in  the  judgment  of  the  most  judicious  observers 
less  than  at  first.  The  extent  of  his  reputation  as  a vigorous 
and  effective  preacher  may  be  indicated  by  the  fact  that,  in 
October,  1846,  he  was  called  to  succeed  the  most  popular, 
the  most  widely  known,  and  the  most  powerful  preacher  of 
the  New  .School  body,  in  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Cincinnati,  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher,  and  entered  on  the  duties 
of  the  service  in  April,  1S47.  It  "'tts  not  a small  thing  then 
for  a minister  still  young,  comparatively  unknown,  to  follow 
in  pulpit  ministrations  the  most  renowned  pulpit  orator,  the 
most  powerful  controversialist  of  the  West  ; not  an  easy 
task,  with  prudence,  skill,  commanding  vigor,  and  above 
all,  with  Christian  fidelity  and  with  a view  to  the  broadest 
Christian  success,  to  maintain  his  position,  to  secure  the 
confidence,  the  good-will,  the  sympathy  of  a large  and  un- 
usually intelligent  congregration,  of  various  political  affini- 
ties, trained  to  vigorous  and  discriminating  thought.  Here 
was  not  only  opportunity  but  imperative  demand  for  large 
and  exhaustive  labor.  Here  were  conflicting  opinions  to 
harmonize,  critical  minds  to  .satisfy,  plans  for  Christian  labor 
to  be  formed,  machinery  to  be  organized  and  put  in  motion, 
new  evils  to  be  met  by  new  methods,  the  life  and  vigor  of 
the  church  itself  to  be  maintained  in  the  midst  of  peculiar 
temptations,  and  so  a larger  and  completer  Christian 
household  gathered  and  inspired.  This  was  the  work 
which  he  performed.  The  difficulties  of  his  position  stimu- 
lated his  energy.  He  was  in  the  full  vigor  of  every  faculty. 
The  field  of  labor  was  broad  and  full  of  encouragement. 
His  words  were  not  spoken  to  the  empty  air,  but  came  back 
laden  with  the  murmurs  of  approving  voices.  He  became 
an  intellectual  and  moral  power  in  the  city.  The  young 
gathered  about  him,  and  he  prepared  more  than  one  series 
of  discourses  particularly  adapted  to  their  tastes  and  wants. 
One  of  these  series,  “ Three  Great  Temjitations,”  published 
in  1852,  went  through  six  editions.  In  no  other  place  did 
he  Labor  continuously  so  long  as  in  Cincinnati,  and  to  this 
period  he  afterward  looked  back  as  on  the  whole  the  most 
successful  and  fortunate  of  his  life.  He  was  in  his  chosen 
employment,  his  manly  energies  at  their  highest  vigor;  a 
working  church,  trained  and  stimulated  by  large  foresight, 


56 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILEDIA. 


in  full  sympathy  with  him,  accepting  his  leadership,  and 
cheerfully  co-operating  in  Christian  word  and  work.  His 
ministry  in  this  church  was  eminently  successful — one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight  personshaving  been  added  to  the 
church  by  profession  and  two  hundred  and  forty-eight  by 
letter  during  the  eleven  years  of  his  pastorate.  His  charac- 
ter was  a rare  combination  of  mildness  and  energy.  He 
possessed  the  faculty  of  discovering  the  capabilities  and 
most  valuable  characteristics  of  those  with  whom  he  asso- 
ciated, and  of  infusing  into  them  the  ardor  and  zeal  which 
animated  his  own  heart.  He  developed  the  latent  energies 
and  abilities  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  and  con- 
gregation in  a remarkable  degree,  and  by  his  skill  in  organ- 
izing and  combining  individual  talent  into  congenial  asso- 
ciation for  Christian  work,  accomplished  great  results  for 
the  cause  of  his  Master.  Thus  quietly  operating,  he  put  in 
motion  various  plans  and  organizations  in  the  church  which 
resulted  in  great  and  lasting  usefulness.  Among  them  was 
Ihe  Young  Men’s  Home  Missionary  Society,  so  successful 
in  establishing  Sabbath  schools,  providing  for  vacant 
churches,  and  other  works  of  a similar  character.  He 
awakened  an  unusual  interest  in  Foreign  Missions  by  ap- 
pointing different  members  of  the  church  to  make  reports  at 
the  monthly  concerts  on  the  condition  of  the  important 
foreign  stations.  He  held  regular  meetings  at  his  own 
house  of  the  younger  members  of  the  church  for  devotion, 
consultation  and  advice.  In  numerous  ways  he  was  con- 
stantly leading  on  the  church  in  matters  of  Christian  enter- 
prise. During  the  eleven  years  of  his  service  in  the  great 
commerci.al  city  of  Ohio,  his  mind  had  not  been  growing 
narrower,  nor,  engaged  as  he  constantly  was  in  duties  most 
important  and  exacting,  had  he  forgotten  the  claims  of 
science  and  letters,  or  failed  to  meet  the  demands  upon  his 
time  and  talents  necessary  to  their  encouragement.  The 
schools,  colleges  and  professional  seminaries  of  the  State, 
and  of  neighboring  States,  heard  his  voice  and  felt  his  in- 
fluence whenever  he  could  say  a word  or  lift  a finger  for 
their  help.  It  was  natural  also  that,  occupying  so  promi- 
nent a place,  he  should  have  been  called  upon  for  various 
public  services,  and  become  of  influence  in  the  larger  assem- 
blies of  the  church.  In  1857  the  New  School  General  As- 
sembly of  the  Presbyterian  Church  met  at  Cleveland.  Of 
this  learned  and  able  body  Dr.  Fisher  was  chosen  Moderator. 
The  subject  of  slavery  had  been  discussed  in  more  than  one 
General  Assembly,  and  the  system  strongly  condemned.  The 
southern  members  had  as  frequently  protested  against  these 
deliverances,  and  in  1856  did  not  hesitate  to  acknowledge 
that  their  views  in  respect  to»  the  evil  of  slavery  had  mate- 
rially changed,  and  they  openly  avowed  that  they  now  ac- 
cepted the  system,  believing  it  to  be  right  according  to 
the  Bible.  This  position  the  assembly  at  Cleveland 
pointedly  condemned,  while  yet  expressing  a tender  sympa- 
thy for  those  who  deplore  the  evil,  and  are  honestly  doing 
all  in  their  power  for  the  present  well-being  of  their  slaves> 
and  for  their  complete  emancipation.  These  ideas  of  the 


two  parties  were  too  radically  antagonistic,  too  deeply  held, 
too  frequently  and  publicly  affirmed  to  allow  fraternal  co- 
operation. The  southern  synods  thereupon  withdrew,  and 
formed  themselves  into  a separate  body,  called  the  United 
Synod  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  It  was  in  reference  to 
this  secession  that,  in  the  sermon  before  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  1858,  in  Chicago,  with  which,  as  retiring  Moderator, 
he  opened  the  sessions  of  that  body.  Dr.  Fisher  used  these 
strong  and  generous  words  ; “ Fathers  and  brethren,  minis- 
ters and  elders,  we  assemble  here  amidst  the  brightness  of 
scenes  of  revival,  scenes  such  as  the  church  of  Christ,  per- 
haps, has  never  enjoyed  so  richly  before.  But  as  my  eye 
passes  over  this  audience,  a shade  of  sadness  steals  in  upon 
my  heart.  There  are  those  who  have  been  wont  to  sit  with 
us  in  this  high  council,  whose  hearty  greeting  we  miss  to- 
day. Taking  exception  to  the  ancient,  the  uniform,  the 
oft-repeated  testimony  of  our  church,  as  well  as  to  the  mode 
of  its  utterance,  I'especting  one  of  the  greatest  moral  and 
organic  evils  of  the  age;  deeming  it  better  to  occupy  a plat- 
form foreign,  indeed,  to  the  genius  of  our  free  republican 
institutions,  yet  adapted,  in  their  view,  to  the  fuller  promul- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  the  section  where  they  dwell,  they 
have  preferred  to  take  an  independent  position  ; and  while 
we  cannot  coincide  with  them  in  their  views  on  this  subject, 
while  we  know  that  this  separation  has  been  precipitated 
upon  us,  not  sought  by  us,  yet,  remembering  the  days  when, 
with  us,  they  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  against  ecclesias- 
tical usurpation  and  revolution,  when  in  deepest  sympathy 
we  have  gone  to  the  house  of  God  in  company,  and  mingled 
our  prayer's  before  a common  mercy-seat,  we  cannot  but 
pray  for  their  peace  and  prosperity.  \Ve  claim  no  monop- 
oly of  wisdom  and  right.  If  in  our  course  hitherto  we 
have  been  moved  to  acts  or  deeds  unfraternal  or  unbefitting 
our  mutual  relations — if  in  the  attempt  to  nraintain  our  an- 
cient principles  and  apply  the  Gospel  to  the  heart  of  this 
gigantic  evil,  we  have  given  utterance  to  language  that  has 
tended  to  exasperate  rather  than  quicken  to  duty,  we  claim 
no  exemption  from  censure,  we  ask  the  forgiveness  we  ai'e 
equally  ready  to  accord.”  From  the  delivery  of  this  able 
and  weighty  discourse  on  the  “ Conflict ' and  Rest  of  the 
Church,”  of  the  style  and  spirit  of  which  the  above  brief 
extract  may  give  us  an  imperfect  notion.  Dr.  Fisher  went 
directly  to  Clinton,  New  York,  having  been  already  con- 
sulted respecting  the  presidency  of  Hamilton  College.  He 
entered  upon  his  duties  at  the  opening  of  the  fall  term  of 
185S,  the  ceremonies  of  the  inauguration  not  taking  place 
until  the  4th  of  November.  The  college  had  risen  far  above 
its  earlier  difficulties,  and  under  a wise  administration  had 
for  many  years  enjoyed  an  honorable  reputation  for  thorough- 
ness of  instruction  and  discipline,  but  its  resources  were  still 
insufficient,  and  its  appeals  for  aid  had  not  been  quite  loud 
enough  to  reach  the  ear  of  the  wealthy  and  the  liberal.  To 
the  period  of  his  presidency  dates  the  growth  of  a greater 
confidence  in  the  college,  the  endowments  of  its  professor- 
ships and  charitable  foundations,  and  prizes  for  the  encour- 


LIOGRAPlIICAl.  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


7 


agement  of  good  learning,  bearing  honored  names  in  this 
and  in  neighboring  eonimnnities,  never  to  be  forgotten. 
I'rom  this  period  dates  also  the  effective  enlargement,  almost 
the  new  creation  of  the  general  funds  of  the  college,  and  an 
impetus  and  direction  imparted  to  the  hberality  of  the  gen- 
erous and  noble-minded  which  has  not  ceased,  but  has 
yielded  but  the-first-fruits  of  an  increasing  harvest.  During 
his  presidency  the  efficiency  of  the  college  instruction  was 
increased.  Under  his  influence  and  in  accordance  wi.h  his 
wi>hes  the  Bible  assumed  a more  ])rominent  place  as  a part 
of  the  regular  curriculum,  a place  whiclt  it  has  ever  since  re- 
tained, for  the  advantage  of  all.  Dr.  Fisher's  views  of  the 
ends  and  methods  of  education  are  contained  in  several  ad- 
ilresses  which  he  delivered  at  different  times,  and  which 
were  afterwards  collected  and  published.  The  very  sub- 
jects of  these  are  suggestive  of  broad  and  careful  thought. 
They  are  such  as  “Collegiate  Education,”  “Theological 
Training,”  “The  Three  -Stages  of  Education”  (by  which 
he  discriminates  child-life,  the  school  and  society),  “ Female 
Education,”  “The  Supremacy  of  IMind,”  “Secular  and 
Christian  Civilization,”  “ Natural  Science  in  its  Relations 
to  Art  and  Theology.”  These  addresses  arc  eloquent  and 
sound.  The  most  complete  of  them,  perhap.s,  is  his  inau- 
gural, in  which  he  endeavors  to  develop  his  idea  of  what  he 
calls  the  American  collegiate  .system.  The  whole  address 
is  an  argument  for  breadth  and  loftiness  of  culture.  The 
scheme  which  it  defends  and  enforces  is  noble  and  generous 
to  the  last  degree.  In  1862,  in  the  midst  of  our  civil  war, 
occurred  the  semi-centennial  celebration  of  the  founding  of 
Hamilton  College,  a memorable  occasion,  marking  the  age 
and  progress  of  the  institution  as  with  a tall  memorial  shaft 
visible  from  afar.  The  address  of  Dr.  Fisher  is  an  admira- 
ble sketch  of  the  college  hisSoiy,  iiortraying  in  picturesque 
language  the  events  of  its  early  and  later  life,  with  enthusi- 
asm and  faith  commending  it  to  the  good  will  of  its  alumni 
and  friends,  and  predicting  its  future  prosperity.  “ It  was,” 
he  said,  “ amid  the  smoke  and  thunder  of  war  that,  fifty 
years  ago,  the  foundations  of  this  college  were  laid  ; and 
when  they  passed  away,  lo ! on  the  hill-top  had  sprung  into 
being  a power  mightier  than  the  sword,  more  glorious  than 
its  triumphs.  It  is  amid  the  heavier  thunder  and  darker 
clouds  of  this  dread  conflict,  when  all  that  to  us  is  most 
precious  is  in  peril,  that  we  celebrate  our  semi-centennial 
jubilee.  This  thunder  shall  roll  away  and  the  cloud  dis- 
])erse  before  the  uprising  patriotism  of  twenty  millions  of 
freemen  and  the  red  right  arm  of  the  I^ord  of  hosts.”  That 
w.as  indeed  to  the  nation  an  hour  of  darkness,  when  the 
light  was  as  darkness,  but  he  never  “bated  one  jot  of  heart 
or  hope,”  or  failed  to  act  up  to  his  patriotic  faith.  After  a 
sendee  of  eight  years  in  Hamilton  College,  Dr.  Fisher  was 
solicited  to  accept  again  the  position  of  pastor  by  the  West- 
minster Church  of  Utica,  New  York,  and  was  installed  as 
jiastor  November  15th,  1867.  For  nearly  four  years  of 
active  and  progressive  work  the  church  enjoyed  the  minis- 
trations and  stimulating  energies  of  this  able,  active,  and 
8 


untiring  pastor.  There  was  yet  one  other  occasion  not  to 
be  forgotten  in  which  Dr.  Fisher  bore  a prominent  part  in  a 
great  and  memorable  public  service  whose  influence  is  in- 
calculable; viz.,  the  measures  which  led  to  the  reunion  of 
the  separated  branches  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  There 
was  no  object,  perhaps,  nearer  his  heart,  none  which  more 
moved  his  enthusiasm.  The  disruption  had  taken  place  in 
1837,  just  before  he  entered  upon  his  ministry.  His  father 
was  the  first  Moderator  of  the  New  School  Assembly.  The 
doctrines  and  the  men,  the  causes  and  the  consequences,  he 
had  heard  discussed  from  his  boyhood,  and  in  the  reunion 
of  the  two  branches  of.  the  church  he  was  relied  upon  as 
among  the  most  judicious  counsellors  in  the  very  delicate 
and  difficult  questions  that  impeded  its  jirogress  and  threat- 
ened to  prevent  its  consummation.  He  was  one  of  the  able 
committee  of  conference  appointed  by  the  two  assemblies, 
which  reported  the  plan  of  reunion  in  1869.  Nor  does  he 
seem  to  have  doubted  the  beneficent  result.  In  behalf  of  the 
joint  committee,  he  proposed  the  resolution  for  raising 
$1,000,000,  immediately  afterward  raised  to  $5,000,000,  as 
a memorial  fund.  His  last  work  to  which  he  gave  himself 
with  all  the  confidence  and  enthusiasm  of  his  nature  was  to 
prepare  a paper  for  the  General  Assembly  of  1870,  an  as- 
sembly which  he  was  never  to  sec.  Dr.  Fisher  received  the 
Doctorate  of  Divinity  from  Miami  University  in  1S52,  and 
the  Doctorate  of  Laws  from  the  University  of  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1859.  As  a preacher,  Dr.  Fisher  must  be 
held  to  rank  among  the  ablest  of  the  Presbyterian  boclv. 
With  all  that  may  be  said  by  way  of  detracting  criticism,  it 
must  still  be  allowed  that  our  religious  communities  move 
along  a pretty  high  level  of  intellectual  experience  and  of 
religious  feeling.  To  satisfy  the  reasonalde  demands  of  our 
congregations  requires  a continuous  intellectual  exertion, 
which,  when  we  come  to  measure  its  force,  is  something 
startling.  It  is  not  a wonder  that  so  many  poor  sennons  : re 
preached,  but  rather  that  there  are  so  many  good  ones.  But 
Dr.  Fisher  moved  above,  far  above  the  common  level. 
Within  the  ample  dome  of  that  forehead,  you  felt,  at  sight, 
there  dwelt  a jrowerful  brain.  He  brought  to  his  discourses 
a mind  well  stored  and  well  disciplined.  There  was  a ful- 
ness and  richness  of  thought  which  left  you  little  or  nothing 
in  that  direction  to  desire.  An  intellectual  hearer  could  not 
fail  to  be  attracted  by  his  vigor.  His  style  was  often  bold, 
sometimes  picturesque,  almost  always  clear  and  direct.  His 
words  were  well  chosen  and  exuberant.  Thus  full  and 
weighty  in  matter,  affluent  in  language,  with  no  ambiguity 
in  expression,  fertile  in  imagery  and  illustration,  with  a 
voice  clear  and  penetrating,  and  a manner  somewhat  au- 
thoritative, it  is  not  surprising  that  he  was  constantly  sought 
fir  to  address  public  bodies  on  important  occasions,  a duty 
which  he  always  performed  with  dignity  and  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  his  hearers.  The  subjects  of  his  discourses  were  va- 
rious, and  as  his  mind  was  mainly  occupied  with  grand  and 
lofty  themes,  so  there  was  a certain  nolileness,  freedom,  and 
power  of  development,  the  natural  and  necessary  fruit  of  his 


BIOGRAI'IIICAL  ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 


5S 


general  studies  and  habits  of  thought.  No  man  could  ever 
listen  to  Dr.  Eisher  when  engaged  upon  those  great  themes 
with  which  his  soul  was  tilled,  without  a persuasion  that  he 
spoke  from  absolute  conviction  of  the  truth  and  an  over- 
whelming sense  of  the  importance  of  the  message  he  bore 
as  an  embassador  of  Christ  and  a “ legate  of  the  skies.” 
His  ordinary  discourses  were  full  of  thought  as  well  as  of 
feeling.  Those  who  heard  the  course  of  sermons  on  the 
“Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,”  and  on  the  “ Life  of  Christ,” 
need  not  be  told  that  a more  remarkable  series  of  discourses 
has  seldom  been  heard  from  an  American  pulpit.  There 
were  puljlic  occasions  also  when  he  discussed  great  topics 
with  a fulness  and  a power  that  left  nothing  more  to  be 
said,  and  with  results  of  conviction  in  the  minds  of  his  au- 
ditors that  nothing  could  shake,  nothing  even  disturb. 
There  are  several  di'courses  of  Dr.  Fisher  that  would  alone 
make  a distinguished  reputation  for  any  man,  and  that  are 
to  be  ranked  among  the  highest  efforts  of  the  pulpit  of  his 
day.  But  not  in  the  pulpit  only  did  he  shine.  So  unusu- 
ally is  m.rrked  excellence  as  a preacher  combined  with  an 
equal  excellence  as  a pastor,  that  it  would  not  have  been 
strange  if  Dr.  Fisher  had  proved  comparatively  inefficient  in 
pastoral  work.  Nevertheless  he  did  prove  to  be  an  excep- 
tionably  good  pastor.  He  gave  living  demonstration  that 
one  man  may  be  both  great  preacher  and  good  pastor.  In 
all  the  families  that  made  up  his  congregation,  his  name  was 
a household  word.  Carrying  everywhere  an  atmosphere  of 
cheerfulness  and  sunshine,  no  one  ever  met  him  in  social 
life  without  feeling  the  charm  of  his  manners  and  conversa- 
tion. Slow  to  condemn  and  quick  to  sympathize,  shrinking 
instinctively  from  wounding  the  feelings  of  any,  and  prompt 
in  all  offices  of  kindness  and  love,  he  won  the  hearts  of  his 
people  to  a most  singular  degree.  Never  was  any  pastor  more 
universally  beloved.  The  minister  most  covetous  of  the  love 
of  his  people  might  well  be  satisfied  with  the  measure  of 
affection  accorded  to  Dr.  Fisher.  A prince  he  was,  not  by 
virtue  of  any  patent  of  nobility  bestowed  by  an  earthly  mon- 
arch, but  by  the  direct  gift  of  Heaven,  with  the  royal  signet 
of  the  giver  legibly  impressed  thereon;  a prince  in  intellect, 
a prince  in  large  and  liberal  culture,  but  o',  er  and  above  all, 
a prince  in  active  sympathies,  warm  affections,  and  a great 
human  heart  going  out  impulsively  toward  all  that  pertained 
to  man,  however  lowly,  or  sin-stained,  or  desjiised,  and  de- 
voting his  best  powers  and  faculties  to  the  good  of  the 
world  and  the  glory  of  God.  It  was  in  the  practical  and 
persistent  consecration  of  the  gifts  and  graces  with  which  he 
was  endowed  to  these  "large  and  beneficent  ends,  that  he 
earned  the  title,  secured  the  honors  and  obtained  the  re- 
wards of  a prince  and  a great  man  in  Israel.  Such,  most 
imperfectly,  and  in  the  merest  outline  sketched,  was  Dr. 
Samuel  Ware  Fisher  up  to  the  day  and  hour  when,  at  the 
flood-tide  of  his  influence,  and  apparently  in  the  meridian 
fulness  of  his  intellectual  and  moral  powers,  he  was,  by  the 
mysterious  stroke  of  an  unseen  hand,  suddenly  struck  down, 
leaving  him  with  the  bounding  pulse  of  life  faintly  flutter- 


ing, the  bright  eye  dimmed,  the  eloquent  tongue  mute  or 
incoherent.  His  half-executed  plans,  his  high  expectations, 
his  large  purposes  arrested,  nothing  remained  for  him  but 
with  childlike  trust  and  sweet  patience  to  await  the  final 
summons,  which,  January  i8th,  1874,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
came  in  kindness  to  call  him  home.  The  temporary  torpor 
of  his  faculties  was  at  once  dispelled,  the  clouds  and  the 
shadows  that  gathered  about  his  setting  sun  have  all  been 
dissipated,  the  darkness  has  passed  and  light  perennial  and 
eternal  beams  on  him,  for,  in  his  own  beautiful  words, 
“Another  Teacher,  infinitely  wise  and  good,  is  now  leading 
him  up  the  heights  of  knowledge,  and  in  a moment  he  has 
learned  more  than  men  on  earth  can  ever  know.” 

c) CHENCK,  JAMES  F'.,  Rear  Admiral  United 
States  Navy,  son  of  William  C.  and  Elizabeth 
(Rodgers)  Schenck,  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Ohio,  January  ilth,  1807.  Upon  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1821,  he  was  appointed  to  the  United 
States  Military  .School  at  West  Point  by  his 
guardian  and  namesake.  General  James  Findley,  then  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Cincinnati.  There  was  no  naval 
academy  at  that  time,  but  having  a disposition  for  sea  ser- 
vice, his  guardian  procured  him  an  appointment  as  midship- 
man in  1825.  March  ist  of  that  year  he  sailed  in  the 
“ Hornet,”  on  his  first  cruise,  and  continued  in  the  service 
till  retired  on  the  superannuated  list,  January  nth,  1869. 
He  passed  successively  through  all  the  grades  up  to  that  of 
Rear  Admiral.  During  the  Mexican  war  he  served  in  the 
Pacific  squadron  on  the  staff  of  Commodore  Stockton,  and 
did  military  duty  in  common  with  the  whole  naval  force  in 
seizing  California.  After  the  conclusion  of  that  struggle 
and  the  discovery  of  gold,  the  government  subsidized  a pri- 
vate line  of  steamers  to  carry  the  mails  via  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  upon  the  condition  of  appointing  the  commanders 
from  the  officers  of  the  navy,  and  Mr.  Schenck  was  detailed 
Captain  of  one  of  the  vessels  of  the  line,  a position  he  held 
till  1855.  The  breaking  out  of  the  great  Rebellion  found 
Mr.  .Schenck  in  China,  Commander  of  the  “ Saginaw.”  As 
soon  as  he  could  be  called  home,  which  was  not  until  1862, 
he  was  promoted  to  Captain  and  ordered  to  the  western 
Gulf  squadron,  on  the  frigate  “St.  Lawrence.”  Here  his 
duty  was  simifly  blockading,  and  he  saw  no  very  active  ser- 
vice. In  1864  he  was  promoted  to  Commodore,  and  in  the 
two  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher  commanded  the  third  division  of 
the  fleet,  consisting  of  seventeen  vessels,  the  “ Powhatan  ” 
being  his  flag-ship.  In  both  engagements  he  was  in  the 
hottest  of  the  fight,  and  lost  a third  of  his  men  and  four 
officers  of  a party  of  one  hundred  with  whom  he  landed,  but 
escaped  untouched  himself.  His  son,  Caspar  Schenck,  pay- 
ma.ster  at  the  time  on  the  “Juniata,”  was  wounded  on  the 
opening  of  the  first  engagement,  and  afterwards  promoted 
for  the  gallantry  he  displayed  in  the  battle.  After  the  close 


tn-J. 


lR[E\f..SAKOIU[£[L  WAOSTE  irDSOilllllS,  ®„®. 


SIXTH  PBESIDEN'I'  Of  RAVTITON  COI.LEGE 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOr.^;DIA. 


59 


of  the  war,  Mr.  Schcnck  was  for  some  time  in  command  of 
the  United  Stales  naval  station  at  Mound  City,  Illinois,  and 
in  September,  1868,  he  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  Rear  Ad- 
miral United  States  Navy,  and  upon  reaching  his  sixty- 
second  year,  June  nth,  1S69,  was  regularly  retired  on  the 
superannuated  roll.  July  24th,  1829,  he  married  Dorethy 
A.,  daughter  of  Woodhull  Smith,  of  Suffolk  county.  Long 
Idand,  and  for  many  years  made  his  home  there.  In  1836 
he  brought  his  family  to  the  West,  and  took  up  his  home  in 
D.iyton,  where  he  now  resides  in  his  retirement.  He  has  had 
four  children — Sarah  S.,  who  married  Col.  Joseph  G.  Crane, 
of  Dayton,  murdered  in  1869  while  acting  military  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Jackson,  Mississippi,  under  the  provisional 
government;  Jane,  married  to  A.  Burr  Irwin;  Caspai,  pay- 
inspector  United  States  Navy;  Woodhull  S.,  chief  of  the 
imperial  maritime  customs  of  China  at  Shanghai.  Such  a 
life  as  that  of  Admiral  Schenck  there  is  no  need  to  praise. 
The  facts  speak  for  the  man.  Laudation  could  only  taint. 
He  has  spent  his  life  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and  he 
still  lives  to  enjoy  that  country’s  confidence,  and  partake  of 
the  frcedo  n he  has  helped  to  preserve. 


«CHENCK,  HON.  WTLLIAM  C.,  Member  of  the 
Ohio  Legislature,  and  General  of  the  State  Militia, 
was  born  in  Monmouth  county.  New  Jersey,  Jan- 
uary nth,  1773.  His  p.arents  were  Rev.  W’illiam 
J and  Anna  (Cummings)  Schenck.  He  was  one  of 
nine  children.  The  family  are  of  Dutch  origin, 
but  have  been  in  America  for  nearly  two  hundred  years.  Mr. 
Schenck  graduated  from  Princeton  in  1793  or  1794,  and  at 
once  came  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  land 
office  for  a while,  and  afterwards  became  a surveyor.  He 
acquired  an  immense  tract  of  land  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  Warren  county,  in  the  valley  of  the  Miami,  on  which  he 
laid  out  the  town  of  Franklin,  and  established  his  home. 
During  the  war  of  1812  he  commanded  a brigade  of  militia, 
and  though  not  in  active  service,  he  had  a duty  to  jjerform  in 
guariling  against  Indian  depredations.  In  company  with 
ten  other  men  who  had  acquired  the  hand  in  the  vicinity,  he 
projected  and  laid  out  the  city  of  Toledo  in  1817,  but  having 
personally  made  the  surveys  in  an  unfavorable  season,  he 
was  stricken  with  a swamp  fever,  and  became  so  disgusted 
with  the  enterprise  that  he  sold  his  whole  interest  for  a 
thousand  dollars.  In  connection  with  his  uncle.  General 
John  M.  Cummings,  of  Newark,  New  Jersey,  he  laid  out 
the  town  of  Newark  in  Licking  county,  Ohio.  In  1798  he 
married  lilizabeth  Rodgers,  of  Huntington,  Long  Island, 
with  whom  he  had  seven  children — William  R.,  Salley  R., 
James  F.  (rear  admiral  United  States  navy),  Robert  C.  (a 
general  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  member  of  Congress, 
and  United  States  Minister  to  England),  Woodhull  .S.  (a 
lieutenant  in  the  United  States  navy),  Edwin,  and  Egbert 
T.  S.  His  only  daughter  married  Egbert  T.  Smith,  and 


moved  to  Iowa,  where  she  died,  leaving  a numerous  family. 
•Mr.  Schenck  had  several  times  been  a member  of  the  Ohio 
Legislature,  and  died,  while  occiqrying  that  position,  at 
Columbus,  January  nth,  1821.  His  wife  survived  till  1855. 


NDREWS,  GENERAL  GEORGE  W.,  Senator 
from  the  Thirty-second  District  of  Ohio,  Lawyer, 
was  born  in  Medina,  Orleans  county.  New  'S’ork, 
September  ist,  1S25.  He  is  the  son  of  Joel  An- 
drews and  Anne  (Lewis)  Andrews;  the  former 
was  a Quaker,  and  was  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  His  grandfather  on  the  maternal  side,  John  Lewis, 
was  a major  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  descended 
from  the  Lewises  of  Rhode  Island,  a Baptist  family,  whose 
members  took  a prominent  part  in  the  religious  controver- 
sies and  movements  of  Roger  Sherman’s  time.  His  earlier 
education  was  received  at  the  Quaker  institution  known  as 
the  “ Nine  Partners’  College,”  in  Dutchess  county.  New 
York,  and  also  in  the  Oberlin  University,  Ohio.  He  then, 
at  the  age  of  eighteen,  began  the  study  of  law  at  Granville, 
Licking  county,  Ohio,  and  in  1S45  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Norwalk,  Huron  county.  He  subsequently  entered  on 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Linn,  Allen  county,  and  was 
at  once  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  During  his  stay  of 
three  years  in  this  place,  he  established  and  edited,  with 
marked  ability,  the  Linn  Argus.  In  1848  the  counties 
were  divided,  and  he  removed  to  Wapakonetta,  Auglaize 
county,  the  southern  one,  and  there  established  The  Au- 
glaize Democrat.  In  the  same  year  he  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  for  Auglaize  county,  and  in  1850  was  re- 
elected to  the  same  position.  In  1856  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the  Legislature,  in  1858  secured  a re-elec- 
tion, and  again  in  i860  was  re-elected.  In  1861,  at  the  re- 
quest of  Governor  Dennison,  he  left  the  Legislature,  returned 
to  his  home,  within  two  days  raised  a company  of  volun- 
teers to  assist  in  crushing  the  rebellion,  and  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  the  United  States  with  a commission  of  Captain. 
He  was  afterward  promoted  successively  to  the  following 
positions  : Major,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Colonel,  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General.  Leaving  the  service  in  1864,  after  a 
brilliant  and  useful  career  as  a soldier,  he  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate 
on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  upon  the  organization  was 
made  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee — that  intrusted 
with  the  conduct  of  the  most  important  matters  ; also  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Works,  of  that  on  Fees 
and  Salaries,  of  that  on  the  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Orphans’ 
Home,  of  that  on  Privileges  and  Elections,  and  also  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Military  Yffurs.  He  is  distin- 
guished at  the  bar,  and  has  conducted  to  successful  issues 
many  important  cases;  while,  as  a public  official,  he  has  a 
record  free  from  blemish,  and,  often  under  trying  circum- 
stances, has  laborcvl  successfully  for  the  interests  of  his  con- 


6o 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


slituency  ami  the  welfare  of  the  general  comnuinily.  lie 
was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  in  October,  1875,  without 
opposition 


yUNN,  ANDREW,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  and  Physician, 
was  born  in  Poland,  Maine,  April  24th,  1S04. 
Ills  father,  a well-to-do  farmer,  was  of  Scotch  ex- 
traction, and  owned  and  cultivated  a large  and 
beautiful  farm,  which  was  his  son's  birthplace. 
In  1834  Andrew  graduated  at  Buudoin  Medical 
College,  under  the  instruction  of  Professor  Reuben  1).  Mus- 
sey,  and  was  selected  out  of  the  graduating  class  to  be  one 
of  his  assistant  dissectors  for  the  ensuing  class.  Professor 
Mussey  also  honored  him  with  an  invitation  to  go  on  a mis- 
•sion  to  India.  Soon  after  leaving  college  he  settled  in  New 
York,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which 
he  continued  with  great  energy  and  success  during  many 
years.  He  soon  became  widely  known  for  his  remarkable 
skill  in  midwifery,  his  record  showing  the  loss  of  no  patient 
in  a period  embracing  forty  years  of  constant  practice.  In 
the  earlier  part  of  his  career  his  attention  was  directed  to 
that  formidable  disease  called  hernia  (rupture),  with  which 
the  ablest  physicians  and  surjeons  feared  to  encounter.  His 
efforts  in  devising  new  appliances  to  permanently  cure  this 
terrible  affliction  were  crowned  with  perfect  success.  A 
few  years  since  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  found  there 
a large  and  remunerative  fiehl  for  practice,  and  has  had 
astonishing  results  in  his  favorite  branch  of  his  profession — 
the  treatment  of  hernia.  He  is  a man  of  generous  impulses, 
and  takes  a speci.rl  delight  in  the  society  and  education  of 
the  young. 


- ■^^''.VRSON,  ENOCH  T.,  was  born  in  Greene  town- 
ship, Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  September  l8th, 
1822.  He  is  the  son  of  William  J.  Carson  and 
Margaret  Terry.  His  maternal  ancestors,  the 
Terrys,  came  from  Virginia,  and  were  among  the 
first  settlers  in  Cincinnati.  He  was  bred  on  his 
father’s  farm,  and  there  remained  until  he  was  twenty-three 
years  of  age,  when  he  served  three  years  as  a collector  of 
tolls  on  the  Cincinnati  & Harrison  turnpike,  there  making 
up  at  his  leisure  the  deficiencies  of  his  early  eilucation  by 
systematic  reading.  From  1S4S  to  1850  he  served  ns  a 
Deputy  in  the  sheriffs  office  of  Hamilton  county;  from 
December,  1850,  until  November,  1852,  he  was  in  the  em- 
ployment of  tha  Handiton  & Dayton  Railroad  Comirany, 
and  became  their  first  Depot  Master  at  the  Sixth  Street  De- 
pot, Cincinnati.  From  November,  1852,  until  November, 
1856,  he  was  Chief  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Hamilton  county.  In 
185S  he  went  into  the  lamp  and  gas  business,  in  which  oc- 
cupation, after  an  intermission  of  many  years,  he  is  now. 
In  May,  1861,  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of 


Cincinnati  and  Lhiiled  States  Depository  by  President  Lin- 
coln. With  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  this  from  an  office 
of  minor  importance  became  one  of  vital  interest.  Cincin- 
nati being  the  di,-,tributing  point  for  the  armies  .South,  ques- 
tions arose  of  the  most  perplexing  character,  requiring  the 
soundest  judgment  to  decide  correctly  between  clashing  in- 
terests. During  his  administration  sometimes  ten  millions 
per  day  were  received,  and  thirty  millions  were  frequently 
on  deposit.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  retired  from  the 
office.  In  1870  he  was  elected  amendjerof  the  State  Board 
of  Equalization  by  an  almost  unanimous  vote,  being  the 
nominee  of  both  parties;  in  this  position  he  rendered  signal 
service  to  the  taxpayers  of  Cincinnati.  In  1871  he  was  ap- 
pointed Commissioner  of  Costs  and  Fees  of  Hamilton  county; 
also  a member  of  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  of  Cin- 
cinnati. In  1S45  he  became  a member  of  the  Masonic 
order.  In  1871  he  was  elected  Grand  Commander  of 
Knights  Templar  of  Ohio;  and  about  that  time  also  Lieu- 
tenant Commander  of  the  Northern  .Supreme  Conned  of 
the  order  of  the  Scottish  Masonic  Rite,  33°.  Mr.  Carson 
has  one  of  the  largest  private  libraries  on  secret  societies  in 
the  world,  including  English,  French  and  German  works ; 
and  his  large  private  library  is  especially  rich  in  illustrated 
.Shakspearian  literature. 


' R.YNE,  JOSEPH  IL,  an  eminent  Lawyer  and 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Dayton, 
Ohio,  and  for  several  terms  a member  of  Con- 
gress, was  born  in  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey, 
.\ugust  31st,  1782.  His  father  was  a Major  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  lost  a limb  in  the 
service.  He  was  a brother  of  Commodore  William  M. 
Crane,  and  of  Ichabod  B.  Crane,  a Colonel  in  the  regular 
armv.  He  married  Julia,  daughter  of  John  Elliot,  Surgeon 
in  the  United  States  army,  and  stationed  at  Vincennes,  then 
one  of  the  frontier  posts.  He  died  in  November,  1851, 
having  had  a large  family,  most  of  whom  died  young. 


RANE,  COLONEL  JOSEPH  G.,  son  of  Joseph 
H.  and  Julia  (Elliot)  Crane,  was  born,  October 
25th,  1825,  at  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  a lawyer 
by  profession,  and  at  one  time  Probate  Judge  for 
Montgomery  county.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
rebellion  he  was  living  in  Indiana,  and  at  once 
entered  the  service  of  his  country.  He  served  through  the 
whole  war  on  the  staff  of  General  Robert  C.  Schenck,  and 
at  the  close  accepted  the  commi.ssion  of  Captain,  with  the 
brevet  of  Colonel,  in  the  regular  army.  While  acting 
military  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Jackson,  Mississippi,  under  the 
provisional  government  instituted  for  the  reconstruction  of 
the  States,  he  was  assa.ssinated  in  the  street  by  the  notorious 
Colonel  Yerger  of  the  Confederate  army.  He  was  a man 


:Puh  Co.  FkOaddvy^- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


6i 


of  cultivated  mind  and  amiable  disposition,  and  possessed 
not  only  the  qualities  to  endeai'  him  to  his  friends  but  those 
also  which  distinguished  him  among  his  fellow-men.  He 
married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Admiral  James  F.  Schenck,  in 
1852,  with  whom  he  had  two  sons  that  survived  him. 


i^OGSWELL,  BEN’JAMIN  S.,  Clerk  of  the  Court 
1 of  Common  Pleas  of  Cuyahoga  County,  Ohio, 
was  born,  April  6th,  1831,  at  Oxford,  Huron 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Susan  tBill)  Cogsweli.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Ibrldwin  University,  Berea,  and  after  leaving 
school  became  a clerk  in  the  post-office  at  Berea,  where  he 
remained  until  March,  1859.  At  this  period  he  removed  to 
Cleveland,  where  he  entered  the  clerk’s  office  department, 
continuing  there  for  a considerable  time.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  to  the  position  of  County  Clerk  for  the  term  of  three 
years,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office,  February 
9th,  1873.  energy  and  good  business  ability, 

well  calculated  to  fulfil  the  duties  of  his  office  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  community.  He  was  married,  April  5th, 
1855,  to  Helen  M.,  daughter  of  Chester  Gee,  of  Thompson, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  father  of  two  children,  one  son  and  one 
daughter. 


»NDER.SON,  EDWIN,  Architect,  is  a native 
Ohioan,  having  been  born  in  Clermont  county  on 
the  24th  of  February,  1834.  His  father  died  in 
j January,  1841,  and  soon  afterwards  his  mother 
o removed  to  Cincinnati.  Here  Edwin  was  edu- 

cated, with  a view  to  adopting  the  profession  of 
civil  engineer.  He  devoted  special  attention  while  attend- 
ing the  public  schools  to  mathematics,  and  when  he  left 
school  he  continued  the  study  of  civil  engineering.  For 
some  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  business  of  railroad  con- 
struction in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  In  the  meantime 
he  had  pursued  the  study  of  architecture  with  Messrs.  Hamil- 
ton & Rankin,  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  1857  he  formed  a part- 
nership with  Samuel  Hannaford,  and  commenced  business 
as  architect,  to  which  he  henceforward  devoted  his  energy 
and  skill.  The  firm  continued  until  January  ist,  1871,  since 
which  time  he  has  continued  the  business  in  his  own  name. 
He  has  attained  very  high  rank  in  his  profession,  and  com- 
mands a very  extensive  patronage.  While  the  firm  of  An- 
derson & Hannaford  continued,  they  were  the  architects  of 
buildings  aggregating  in  cost  over  $80,000,000.  Among 
these  buildings  may  he  mentioned  the  Cincinnati  Work- 
House ; the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & Dayton  Railroad  Pas- 
senger Depot,  at  Cincinnati ; Turner’s  C)|)era  House,  at  Day- 
ton,  Ohio;  St.  John’s  German  Lutheran  Church,  at  Cincin- 
nati ; and  the  Jewish  Synagogue,  Eighth  and  Mound  streets. 


Cincinnati,  and  many  others  of  equal  importance.  Since 
the  dissolution  of  the  partnership  the  former  head  of  the 
firm  has  been  the  architect  of  the  Congregational  Church  at 
Ironton,  Ohio ; Clay  Pool  Building,  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana; 
Kanawha  Presbyterian  Church,  at  Charleston,  W’est  Vir- 
ginia; Niles  Tool  Works,  at  Hamilton,  Ohio,  and  many 
other  public  and  private  buildings  throughout  the  country. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Cincinnati  Chapter  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Architects,  of  which  he  was  for  several  years 
the  Secretary.  Political  office  he  has  never  sought  and 
never  accepted.  He  entered  the  Federal  army  in  1861  and 
served  throughout  the  war  in  various  capacities,  princijrally 
in  the  engineering  department.  He  is  a thoroughly  public- 
spirited  man,  and  although  he  has  not  allowed  his  name  to 
come  into  marked  prominence,  he  has  been  a warm  and 
active  supporter  of  every  public  enterprise  of  merit,  and  to 
his  active  and  well-directed  labors  Cincinnati,  the  city  of 
his  home,  owes  not  a little  of  her  advancement. 


ENTGN,  ROSW  ELL  IL,  County  Treasurer  of 
Hamilton  County,  Ohio,  was  born,  February  27th, 
1821,  in  that  county,  being  the  fifth  of  seven 
children,  whose  parents  were  Roswell  and  Ann 
(McFaren)  Fenton.  His  father,  a native  of  New 
York,  followed  through  life  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  settled  in  Hamilton  county — becoming  one  of  the  pio- 
neers to  that  section — in  the  spring  of  1806.  He  subse- 
quently located  permanently  in  Greene  township,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death,  November  30lh,  1830.  His  wife 
was  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  her  parents  being  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  She  died  on 
March  19th,  1855.  There  were  but  limited  facilities  for  the 
early  education  of  Roswell,  his  instruction  being  conducted 
at  a country  school-house.  He  made  the  best  use  of  his 
meagre  advantages  by  assiduceis  application  to  books,  and 
developed  a taste  for  reading,  which  grew  w ith  his  years. 
When  twelve  years  old  he  hauled  wood  to  Cincinnati,  and 
steadily  followed  this  occupation  for  seven  years.  The 
family  then  moved  to  what  was  well  known  as  the  “ .Se\'en- 
mile  House,”  situated  on  the  Harrison  tunqiike,  and  Ros- 
well took  charge  of  the  place, hi  i attention  being  exclusively 
confined  to  this  charge  for  two  years.  After  this  he  went 
upon  a farm  and  cultivated  it,  hauling  wood  to  the  city  in 
the  fall  and  winter  months.  After  five  years’  labor  in  this 
direction  he  moved  to  Cincinnati  in  1847,  and  embarked  in 
the  meat  and  provision  business,  which  he  has  since  suc- 
cessfully conducted.  His  present  establi^hment  is  at  Nos. 
182  and  184  M’est  .Sixth  street.  During  the  war  he  gave 
1 irgely  of  his  means  and  time  to  advance  the  interests  of  his 
township  and  of  Hamilton  county,  and  was  influential  in 
his  support  of  the  government.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county,  and  now  holds  that  imjior- 


62 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E.NXVCLOP.-EDIA. 


laiit  and  responsible  office,  and  brings  to  the  discharge  of  its 
duties  a ripe  knowledge  of  financial  affairs.  Ilis  political 
affiliations  are  Democratic,  and  his  first  vote  was  cast  for 
James  K.  Polk  for  the  Presidency.  He  is  lilieral  in  religious 
opinion,  and  generous  in  impulse,  and  his  career  is  that  of 
an  energetic  and  prosperous  business  man,  whose  conduct, 
though  without  ostentation,  has  won  the  great  respect  of 
his  fellow-citizens.  He  was  marrieil  on  February  23d,  1842, 
to  Sarah  Bray,  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  and  is  the 
father  of  four  children. 


t 


^/^AVLOR,  EZRA  B.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  July  9th, 
1823,  in  Portage  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of 
Elisha  and  Theresa  (Couch)  Taylor.  The  family 
on  both  sides  are  of  New  England  birth,  they 
having  removed  from  Berkshire  county,^  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1813,  and  settled  in  Portage  county. 
Mrs.  Taylor  was  a relative  of  the  celebrated  General  I).  N. 
Couch  of  M.assachusetts.  The  fa.r.ily  were  oidy  in  moderate 
circumstances,  and  Ezra  was  only  able  to  attend  school 
during  the  winter  months,  the  balance  of  the  year  being  de- 
voted to  labor  and  toil.  He  went  to  the  common  school, 
however,  up  to  the  age  of  seventeen  years," but  the  greater 
part  of  his  education  was  obtained  by  his  own  indefatigable 
exertions.  Every  moment  that  he  could  snatch  from  his 
daily  task  and  the  evening  hours  were  devoted  to  study,  and 
all  this  without  the  aid  of  an  instructor.  He  commenced 
reading  law  under  the  direction  of  (udge  Robert  F.  Payne 
of  Cleveland,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845,  and  he 
at  once  commenced  the  practice  of  his  jirofession.  In  1862 
he  removed  to  Warren,  Trumbull  county,  where  he  has 
since  continued  to  reside,  and  in  1854  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  of  Portage  county  (this  was,  of  course,  be- 
fore he  went  to  Warren).  His  practice  has  been  very  large 
and  widely  extended  ; he  is  among  the  best-known  lawyers 
in  the  .State,  and  though  regarded  as  most  excellent  in  all 
the  different  branches  of  his  profession,  he  is  particularly 
distinguished  as  an  advocate.  His  nanre  occurs  on  the 
docket  of  nearly  every  court  in  northern  Ohio,  and  few  at- 
torneys in  the  State  have  appeared  in  as  great  a number  of 
cases  as  he.  During  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was 
a private  in  the  Home  Guard,  and  when  Governor  Brough 
called  out  the  militia  during  the  invasion  of  Ohio  by  the 
guerillas,  instead  of  hiring  a substhute,  he  shouldered  his 
musket  and  marched  to  the  defence  of  the  southern  border. 
The  force  was  captured  by  the  celebrated  and  notorious 
John  Morgan,  after  a hard  battle,  who  took  them  to  Cyn- 
thiana,  Kentucky,  where  they  were  released  on  parole  and 
returned  home.  During  the  construction  of  the  Atlantic  & 
Great  Western  Railway  he  served  as  a Director  of  that  com- 
pany; and  since  the  completion  of  the  line  he  has  lieen  its 
attorney  and  counsel.  He  was  married  in  1849  Harriet 
M.,  daughter  of  Colonel  William  Fjazier,  of  Ravenna, 
and  is  the  father  of  two  children. 


UCHANAN,  ROBERT,  Merchant,  was  born,  on 
the  15th  of  January,  1797,  in  western  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  Scotch- Irish  parentage — of  Revolution- 
ary war  stock.  The  rudiments  of  an  English  educa- 
tion were  obtained  at  a country  school ; lout  learn- 
ing in  his  case,  as  in  every  other,  did  not  come 
unsought,  for  the  nearest  school  was  two  miles  away,  and 
that  distance  the  young  student  was  obliged  to  walk  each 
day  that  he  sought  knowledge  from  this  source.  In  1808 
he  removed  with  his  father  to  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  and 
there  his  educational  advantages  were  greatly  increased. 
He  commenced  attending  the  Meadville  Acadenly,  and  in  a 
year  from  the  lime  he  entered  the  school  he  was  made  as- 
sistant teacher.  Shortly  after  this  his  father  died,  and  in 
consequence  of  this  bereavement  he  left  school  and  entered 
a store  in  Pittsburgh.  In  the  year  181 1,  when  only  fourteen 
years  of  age,  he  was  sent  by  his  employers  to  East  Liverpool, 
Ohio,  to  assist  in  a branch  store  they  had  established  there. 
His  stay  there  was  made  memorable  by  a sight  of  the  first 
steamboat  (“  the  Orleans  ”)  built  on  the  Ohio  river.  He 
returned  to  Pittsburgh  the  same  year,  and  his  return  is  also 
made  memorable  by  the  fact  that  it  was  on  the  day  before 
the  great  earthquake.  In  1816  he  entered  into  business  for 
himself — in  partnership  with  his  former  employers — and 
carried  it  on  with  varying  success  in  West  Union,  Ohio, 
until  1S21.  He  was  the  first  Ohio  merchant  who  shipped 
grain  to  Europe.  He  had  his  grain  conveyed  on  flatboats 
to  New  Orleans,  where  it  was  loaded  on  ships  for  Liverpool. 
In  the  year  1 82 1 he  was  employed  as  Captain  of  the  steam- 
boat “ Mary'sville.”  He  continued  in  this  position  until 
1823.  In  that  year  he  entered  into  a partnership  with 
Charles  Mac.Allister,  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  wholesale 
grocery  business  in  Cincinnati.  The  firm  for  several  years 
was  largely  engaged  in  the  pork -packing  business,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  grocery  and  commission  business.  In  1825,  in 
connection  with  his  partner,  he  established  the  Phoenix  Cot- 
ton Factory  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  year  1828  he  built  the 
Covington  Cotton  Factory.  About  1825  he  and  his  partner 
formed  a business  connection  with  William  Tift,  and  estab- 
lished the  first  manufactory  for  producing  steam  engines  and 
sugar  mills  for  the  Southern  sugar  plantations.  The  busi- 
ness was  carried  on  under  his  superintendence  from  1827 
to  1832,  when  it  was  discontinued.  During  this  time  he 
was  also  part  owner  in  four  or  five  steamboats.  When  the 
sugar  mill  manufactory  was  closed  he  commenced  the  com- 
mission business  in  his  own  name.  It  did  not  suffice  for 
him,  however,  and  in  1844  he  bought  a fourth  interest  in 
the  Cooper  Cotton  Factory,  at  Dayton,  Ohio.  In  1S60,  in 
connection  with  William  Manser,  he  leased  the  Covington 
Rail  Mills,  and  continued  his  interest  in  them  until  1872. 
In  addition  to  all  these  enterprises,  he  has,  with  his  various 
partners,  built  no  less  than  thirteen  dwelling-houses  and 
stores  in  difierent  parts  of  the  city.  Moreover,  he  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Commercial  Bank  from  1831  to  1835;  was 
.Secretary  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad  Board  of  Directors 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


63 


from  1836  to  1S41  ; was  President  of  \Vhite  Water  Canal 
Company  in  1841,  and  is  still  President  of  the  Spring 
Grove  Cemetery  Company,  which  was  organized  at  his 
house  in  1844.  He  is  President  of  the  Cincinnati  College, 
was  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Historical  Society,  and  is  a 
Trustee  of  the  Cincinnati  Orphan  Asylum.  He  was  also 
elected  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  at  the  time  of  its  organization,  in  1835.  He  re- 
tired from  business  in  the  fall  of  1872,  and  in  the  following 
December  he  was  elected  a Director  of  the  City  Infirmary, 
which  office  he  still  continues  to  hold.  In  1837  he  was 
engaged  to  purchase  gold  and  silver  for  the  Lhiited  States 
Bank.  He  fulfilled  the  duties  of  this  position  for  two 
years,  and  during  that  time  he  bought  over  $5,000,000  in 
specie  and  about  $1,000,000  in  Southern  banknotes.  He 
was  married  in  October,  1822,  to  Miss  Browning,  of  Ken- 
tucky, who  is  still  living. 


IXSEY,  JOSEPH,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, in  the  year  1828.  His  parents,  Oliver  and 
Sarah  (Griffith)  Kinsey,  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  P'riends.  His  mother  died  when  he 
was  only  three  years  of  age,  leaving  a family  of 
nine  children,  all  of  whom,  with  one  exception, 
reached  maturity.  When  Joseph  was  five  years  old  the 
family  removed  to  Richmond,  Indiana.  His  father  was  a 
liberal  patron  of  schools  and  education,  giving  his  boys  the 
best  advantages  the  place  afforded,  which,  however,  was,  at 
that  early  period  of  its  history,  rather  limited.  Living  on  a 
farm,  he  found  constant  einployment  when  out  of  school — 
his  father’s  maxim  being  “ there  must  be  no  idleness  ” — but 
plenty  of  time  for  innocent  recreation.  This  idea  was 
thoroughly  and  persistently  instilled  into  the  minds  of  his 
numerous  family.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  engaged 
in  the  retail  country  store  kept  by  William  Owens,  where 
he  remained  two  years.  After  another  year  at  school,  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  in  the  year 
1845,  and  engaged  with  the  firm  of  J.  K.  Ogden  & Co., 
hardware  merchants,  at  ir8  Main  street.  After  two  years 
he  changed  to  the  laiger  house  of  Clark  & Booth,  subse- 
(piently  Clark  & Groesbeck,  in  the  wholesale  hardware 
business.  About  this  time  Mr.  Kinsey  made  arrangements 
to  take  an  overland  trip  to  California  in  search  of  gold ; but 
having  a good  offer  to  go  into  the  old-established  house  Of 
Tyler,  Davidson  & Co.,  he  changed  his  mind  and  accepted 
their  offer.  In  the  meantime  he  became  acquainted  with  a 
young  lady  from  Massachusetts,  the  daughter  of  E.  D. 
Ammidown,  whom  he  married  in  Boston  in  1851.  After 
patient  service  as  salesman  he  was  admitted  as  partner  in 
the  house  of  Tyler,  Davidson  & Co.,  where  he  continued  till 
he  completed  in  all  eight  years  of  steady  work.  He  then 
bought  into  the  fllobe  Rolling  Mill  Comjrany,  the  business 
being  conducted  under  the  style  of  Worthington  8;  Co. 


The  fact  that  iron  can  be  made  in  Cincinnati  so  as  to  com- 
pete with  the  large  establishments  of  Pittsburgh  has  long 
been  manifest  in  the  many  prosperous  and  growing  mills  in 
the  former  city.  In  this  industry  Mr.  Kinsey  labored  with- 
out rest  until  the  beginning  of  the  year  1866,  when  the 
copartnership  expired  by  limitation,  and  the  firm  irroperly 
was  put  into  a joint  stock  company,  comprising  the  original 
owners  and  others  who  had  long  been  connected  with  the 
management  of  the  business,  and  still  conduct  it  with  most 
favorable  and  growing  prosperity.  Pie  gave  up  business  in 
the  spring  of  1866,  and  s])ent  two  years  with  his  family  in 
Massachusetts.  On  his  return,  in  1868,  he  was  elected  to 
fill  a term  of  two  years  in  the  City  Council  of  Cincinnati  as 
a member  from  the  Eleventh  Ward,  where  he  resides  with 
his  family,  consisting  of  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 
He  was  not  sorry  to  retire  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  ser- 
vice, as  the  position  of  Councilman  was  tiot  pleasing  to  him. 
He  now  owns  an  interest  in  the  great  house  of  Post  & Co., 
manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  railway  supplies  and  machin- 
ery, and  is  now  giving  active  service  in  the  management  of 
its  affairs.  In  politics  Mr.  Kinsey  is  a Republican  of  the 
“ straitest  sect;”  in  religion  a liberal  thinker,  believing  in 
the  exercise  of  religious  charity  in  its  broadest  sense  ; in 
temperance  he  believes  in  total  abstinence  from  all  intoxi- 
cating liquors,  and  is  a prominent  leader  in  that  great 
reform.  He  is  ardent,  energetic,  and  generous  in  all  of  his 
business  and  social  relations.  He  is  one  of  the  most  influ- 
ential members  and  a Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
and  is  also  a leading  member  of  the  Industrial  League  of 
Cincinnati  and  the  United  States  ; nor  is  he  wanting  in  the 
support  of  all  public  enterprises  and  charitable  institutions, 
to  all  of  which  he  contributes  freely  both  his  time  and 
money.  In  fine,  he  is  one  of  those  liberal  and  public- 
spirited  men  who  are  of  the  greatest  advantage  to  any 
society,  and  whose  personal  welfare  tends  to  the  advance- 
ment of  the  whole  community. 


ISHER,  GEORGE,  Merchant,  was  born  in  Durk- 
heim,  Rhenish  Bavaria,  December  25111,  1829. 
He  came  to  the  United  .States  with  his  father  in 
1837,  and  settled  in  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  enjoyed  such  educational  advantages  as 
were  afforded  by  the  schools  of  that  city  until 
1841.  He  was  then  apprenticed  to  the  mcrch.ant  tailoring 
business,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  the  cxiiiration 
of  his  term,  in  1845,  "hen  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  and 
engaged  as  a journeyman  with  Samuel  Thomas.  He  left 
the  employ  of  the  latter,  in  1847,  enter  that  of  his 
brother,  doing  Inisiness  on  Central  avenue,  and  there  con- 
tinued until  1850,  when  he  formed  a copartner^hip  with 
/\dam  Epply,  under  the  firm -name  of  George  Eisher  & Co., 
invested  all  his  savings — amounting  to  $75 — in  the  new 
enterprise,  and  embarked  in  business  on  his  own  aecount. 


64 


BIOGRAl'IIICAL  EXCYCLOI'-EDI  A. 


Here  he  l)rought  lo  bear  his  energy  and  skill,  and  by  the 
latter  part  of  1852,  when  they  changed  their  location  to 
East  Pearl  street,  his  share  in  the  business  amounted  to 
$2800.  Tlie  firm  was  dissolved  in  1854,  and  all  its  indebt- 
edness was  assumed  by  our  subject,  who  paid  all  liabilities 
dollar  for  dollar,  and  found  himself  about  even  with  the 
world.  P>ut  he  w'as  not  to  be- crushed  by  misfortune,  and 
with  characteristic  energy  set  about  the  restoration  of  his 
loss,  and  engaged  in  business  on  his  own  individual  account 
at  his  present  store,  257  Walnut  street,  in  Day’s  building. 
Since  tliat  period  he  has  pursued  a career  of  uninterrupted 
prosperity,  and  by  close  attention  to  business  and  the  strict- 
est integrity  has  won  a proud  position  in  the  mercantile  and 
social  community.  This  success  is  in  great  measure  due  to 
his  adherence  to  his  own  legitimate  pursuits;  for  though  he 
has  never  been  wanting  in  public  spirit,  nor  deaf  to  the  calls 
upon  him  as  a patriotic  and  benevolent  citizen,  his  best 
energies  have  been  given  to  the  furtherance  of  his  business 
interests,  in  which,  though  modest  and  unassuming  in  all 
his  operations,  he  is  recognized  as  the  leading  house. 


II.WER,  PROCTOR,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  in 
the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  was  born  on 
October  i6th,  1823,  at  Williamstown,  Berkshire 
county,  Massachusetts,  and  is  a son  of  the  late 
Daniel  Thayer,  a farmer  of  that  section,  who 
died  when  his  son  was  but  seven  years  of  age.  Pie  w'as 
educated  at  the  Western  Reserve  College,  Hudson,  Ohio, 
graduating  in  the  scientific  department  of  that  institution 
when  nineteen  years  old.  Shortly  after  this  event  he 
entered  the  office  of  I'rofessor  J-  Delamater,  M.  D.,  of 
Cleveland,  where  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine, 
jirosecuting  the  same  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  College, 
from  which  school  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1849. 
turning  to  the  office  of  his  preceptor,  he  became  associated 
with  him  in  his  practice  for  a period  of  ten  years.  Mean- 
while he  W'as  appointed,  in  1852,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy 
in  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  and  in  1856  was  chosen 
to  fill  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  same 
institution,  which  position  he  held  until  1862.  In  the  last- 
named  year  he  w'as  transferred  to  the  Professorship  of  the 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery,  which  he  yet  retains, 
with  the  addition  of  Medical  Jurisprudence.  During  all 
this  period  he  hxs  attended  to  a large  medical  and  surgical 
practice.  A portion  of  the  years  1862  and  1863  were  spent 
as  Surgeon  in  the  army  during  the  w'ar  of  the  rebellion. 
Returning  to  Cleveland,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  addition  to  his  duties  as  Professor.  In  the  eigh- 
teen hundred  lectures  delivered  by  him  not  one  has  ever 
been  given  from  written  notes,  as  he  is  a fluent  lecturer, 
withi  a fine  command  of  language;  and  as  he  is  a complete 
master  of  his  subject,  the  lectures  are  always  interesting  and 


instructive.  As  a surgeon  he  is  generally  known  to  be 
skilful  and  safe,  having  performed  many  operations  with 
brilliant  success;  and  his  reputation  as  a fine  clinical  lec- 
turer and  demonstrator  is  well  established.  He  has  served 
in  the  City  Councils  for  four  years  with  credit  to  himself 
and  advantage  to  the  public.  He  was  married  in  1861  to 
Mary  Ellen  Masury,  of  Cleveland,  and  is  the  father  of  four 
children. 


I^^UFFIN,  CAPTAIN  JAMES  L.,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 22(1,  1S13,  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  the  eighth 
of  eleven  children,  whose  parents  W'ere  Major 
M'illiam  Ruffin  and  Elizabeth  Rue.  The  former 
was  a native  of  Virginia,  who  came  to  Ohio  at 
a very  early  age,  and  served  with  gallantry  under 
General  Wayne  in  his  successful  campaign  against  the 
Miami  river  Indians.  After  this  service  he  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  resided  there  until  his  death,  in  1834.  He 
manifested  great  interest  in  the  public  welfare,  and  was 
frequently  selected  for  public  office,  having  been  Clerk  of 
Cincinnati  and  Sheriff  of  Hamilton  county.  His  wife,  a 
native  of  Maryland,  died  in  1831  at  Cincinnati.  James  had 
unusual  advantages  in  the  w'ay  of  educational  advancement 
when  young,  and  profited  by  them.  His  finishing  studies 
were  pursued  at  Cincinnati  College,  an  institution  now 
extinct,  but  then  of  wide  celebrity,  his  mentor  having  been 
Milo  G.  Williams,  an  educator  of  some  renown.  At  the 
completion  of  his  academic  career  he  accepted  in  1832  a 
position  as  clerk  in  the  house  of  Nesbitt  & McCullough,  of 
Cincinnati,  and  remained  in  it  one  year,  when  he  became 
clerk  on  an  Ohio  river  steamboat,  upon  w hich  he  stopped 
two  years.  In  1835  he  began  the  trade  of  book-binding, 
and  continued  at  it  for  four  years.  This  season  of  labor 
was  followed  by  one  of  enforced  idleness,  acute  rheumatism 
rendering  it  impossible  for  him  to  engage  in  any  employ- 
ment. In  1839  he  was  made  Deputy  Clerk  under  General 
Harrison,  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio,  and  remained  in  that  office  until  1840,  when 
he  was  made  Deputy  to  Daniel  Gano,  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  one  year.  P'rom  1841  to 
1842  he  served  as  clerk  to  Moses  Brooks,  a prominent 
lumber  merchant,  and  from  1842  to  1849  ''dd  the  office 
of  Constable.  The  six  succeeding  years  found  him  in  the 
office  of  City  Marshal  of  Cincinnati,  the  responsible  duties 
of  which  he  discharged  with  fidelity  and  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  public.  From  1856  to  1857  he  again  filled  the  posi- 
tion of  Constable,  and  from  1857  to  1858  he  acted  as 
detective.  Upon  the  election  to  the  mayoralty  of  N.  W. 
Thomas,  he  was  appointed  Chief  of  Police  of  Cincinnati, 
and  held  that  office  two  years,  and  was  re-selected  to  the 
discharge  of  its  grave  responsibilities  during  the  period  from 
1863  lo  1871.  Since  his  retirement  from  that  position  he 
has  filled  others  of  a public  nature,  always  winning  the 
good  opinion  of  the  public  for  his  zeal  and  rectitude.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XYCLOP/LDIA. 


65 


was  married  on  December  8th,  1840,  in  Cincinnati,  to 
Elizabeth  Grindle.  He  was  in  jralitics  originally  a Whig, 
and  has  been  a Republican  ever  sinee  the  organization  of 
that  party.  He  resides  at  Clifton,  and  is  now  a man  of 
wealth  and  of  great  social  and  political  influence. 


3 NIGHT,  EDWARD  HENRY,  Editor  of  the 
Official  Gazette,  Patent  Office,  was  born  in  Lon- 
don, England,  June  1st,  1824.  His  earlier  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  Southampton,  England.  He 
studied  in  London  as  a landscape  engraver,  and 
subsequently  pursued  his  profession  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  About  thirty  years  ago,  the  demand  for  that  kind  of 
work  being  rather  limited,  he  qualified  himself  to  act  as  a 
surveyor  and  mechanical  engineer.  In  1864  he  took  charge 
of  the  preparation  of  the  Patent  Office  Report,  and  in  1868 
of  the  classification  of  the  Patent  Office.  In  the  beginning 
of  1872  he  was,  at  its  foundation,  appointed  Editor  of  the 
Offcinl  Gazette.  His  principal  literary  production  is  a 
“ Mechanical  Dictionary,”  published  by  H.  O.  Houghton 
& Co.,  Riverside  Press,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts  (Hurd 
& Houghton,  New  York),  a work  in  three  volumes,  con- 
taining 2600  pages,  with  6000  illustrations,  and  embracing 
20,000  subjects.  He  is  the  compiler  also  of  a volume  of 
poetry  published  recently  in  New  York,  entitled  “A  Library 
of  Poetry  and  Song.”  It  was  honored  by  an  introduction 
on  the  subject  in  general  by  William  Cullen  Bryant,  and  has 
had  a greater  success  than  any  other  collection  of  poetry 
ever  published  in  this  or  perhaps  any  other  country.  A re- 
vised and  extended  edition  has  lately  been  published.  His 
miscellaneous  literary  productions  are  to  be  found  in  various 
magazines  and  newspapers,  and  consist  of  articles  on  ma- 
chinery and  the  progress  of  the  useful  arts.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned  particularly  current  “ Reviews  of  Recent 
Inventions,”  in  Harper's  Weekly,  and  monthly  contribu- 
tions to  Harper's  Magazine  on  “ The  Mechanical  Progress 
of  the  Century”  (December,  1874,  to  March,  1875),  which 
form  a portion  of  an  extended  series  on  our  “ Centenary  of 
Progress.”  More  recently  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
arrangement  and  appointed  custodian  of  the  Patent  Office 
display  at  the  Government  building.  Centennial  grounds, 
Philadelphia.  He  was  married  in  1848,  at  Dayton,  Ohio, 
to  Maria  J.  Richards. 


L ^'MIN'GHAM,  FRANCES,  Farmer,  was  born  in 


October,  1806,  in  Sycamore  township  of  Hamil- 
ton county,  Ohio,  and  was  the  youngest  of  ten 
children,  whose  parents  were  James  and  Jennette 
(Parker)  Cunningham.  His  father,  a native  of 
Pennsylvania,  settled  in  Kentucky  at  an  early 
day,  remaining  there,  however,  only  a short  time.  He  then 
moved  to  I'ort  Washington,  Hamilton  county — the  site  of 
9 


mi 

e-  X.3 

& tj 


what  is  now  the  city  of  Cincinnati — in  1790.  Shortly  after 
this  he  purchased  section  twenty-eight  of  Sycamore  township, 
in  the  same  county,  from  Symmes,  its  original  proprietor, 
and  settled  on  it.  Here  he  followed,  until  his  death,  June 
1st,  1812,  the  occupation  of  a farmer.  His  wife  was  a na- 
tive of  Pennsylvania,  her  death  occurring  in  1835.  P'rancis 
had  few  facilities  for  obtaining  an  education,  but  fully  im- 
proved these  in  order  to  be  ready  for  better  ones.  The 
school  he  attended — irregularly  of  nece.ssity — was  of  the  old 
frontier  type  ; but  rude  as  the  appointments  of  this  were, 
they  enabled  him  to  form  a strong  taste  for  reading,  and 
whetted  his  ambition  for  a substantial  education,  which  he 
eventually  secured  by  his  individual  and  unaided  exertions. 
He  commenced  farm  labor  early  in  life,  and  has  followed 
it,  with  some  slight  interruptions,  ever  since.  P'or  some 
years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  trading  and  speculating  in 
the  Southern  States.  In  i860  he  moved  to  Lebanon,  War- 
ren county,  Ohio,  and  resided  there  for  about  ten  months, 
and  then  returned  to  his  original  estate  to  resume  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  His  political  affiliations  are  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  his  first  vote  was  cast  for  General  Jackson. 
While  taking  a deep  interest  in  civil  affairs,  he  has  never 
aspired  to  public  office,  and  has  declined  to  accept  it.  He 
has  been  active  in  efforts  to  improve  the  system  of  popular 
education  observed  in  his  section,  and  has.  succeeded  in 
perfecting  it.  Though  raised  in  what  was  known  as  the 
Seceder  Church,  and  a constant  attendant  upon  worship, 
his  religious  views  are  not  narrow  and  circumscribed.  He 
believes  in  religious  tolerance.  He  is  a man  of  pleasing 
social  qualities,  and  of  good,  strong  common  sense,  and  is 
everywhere  respected  for  his  enterprise  and  sterling  integ- 
rity as  a citizen.  His  father  had  the  honor  of  having 
erected  the  first  brick  house  in  Sycamore  township,  in  the 
year  1801.  He  was  married  on  March  6th,  1855,  to  Caro- 
line M.  Bryant,  a daughter  of  John  Bryant,  an  old  citizen 
of  Hamilton  county,  who  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life 
moved  to  Platte  county,  Missouri,  and  died  there  in  1863. 


CHWAB,  MATTHIA.S,  Organ  Builder,  was  a 
German  by  birth,  having  been  born  in  Baden  in 
the  year  1810.  He  was  still  quite  young  when 
he  came  to  this  country.  He  was  taken  to  Cin- 
cinnati,  and  in  that  city  the  principal  portion  of 
his  remaining  years  were  passed.  He  became  in 
the  widest  and  truest  sense  of  the  word  a citizen  of  the 
jilace;  identified  himself  with  all  its  best  interests,  and  suf- 
fered no  opportunity  to  pass  in  which  he  might  fittingly 
show  his  regard  for  his  adopted  city.  His  education  was  a 
thoroughly  good  one,  and  he  brought  to  all  his  enterprises 
and  all  his  intercourse  a fine  culture  and  a rare  intelligence. 
He  possessed  a fine  combination  of  musical  taste,  mechani- 
cal aptitude,  and  unyielding  jierseverance ; so  when  he 
I decided  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  organ  building,  he 


66 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOIVEDIA. 


brought  to  his  work  the  elements  that  insure  ultimate  suc- 
cess. He  was  one  of  the  very  first  to  engage  in  the  work 
in  Cincinnati,  and  his  earnestness,  his  fitness  for  the  busi- 
ness, his  patient  industry,  and  his  intelligent  perseverance 
enabled  him,  in  the  development  of  his  chosen  field  of 
labor,  to  attain  a celebrity  probably  unequalled  west  of  the 
Alleghenies.  By  hard  work  and  sympathetic  study  he 
achieved  perfection  in  mechanism,  and  the  instruments 
produced  by  him  became  famous  for  their  delicacy  of  touch, 
their  range  and  their  richness  of  tone.  The  high  places  of 
prosperity  were  not  reached  without  a hard  struggle,  how- 
ever. At  one  time,  after  his  marriage,  while  he  was  at 
work  at  the  foundation  of  his  reputation,  his  means  were  so 
meagre  that  one  room  served  for  his  factory  and  for  the 
home  of  his  wife  and  himself.  He  married  early  in  life 
Solomence  Yeck,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  result 
of  the  marriage  was  eleven  children.  In  the  year  1865, 
after  having  lived  to  enjoy  to  some  extent  the  prosperous 
results  of  his  early  struggles,  he  died,  widely  and  sincerely 
mourned.  In  religion  he  was  a Catholic,  and  was  a promi- 
nent and  influential  member  of  the  church.  In  politics  he 
was  a Democrat ; but  he  was  a patriot,  never  a jiartisan. 
He  steadily  and  earnestly  worked  for  the  support  of  the 
government  in  its  efforts  to  crush  the  rebellion,  and  at  his 
instance  three  of  his  sons  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  and 
took  part  in  many  of  the  battles  of  the  war.  Not  only  was 
he  patriotic  and  public-spirited,  he  was  philanthropic  in  a 
large  degree,  and  always  gave  generously  of  his  means, 
large  or  small,  to  promote  the  welfare  of  benevolent  institu- 
tions and  to  meet  the  calls  of  private  charity. 


LF,  DANIEL,  Broker,  is  a native  of  Bavaria. 
He  was  born  in  the  town  of  P'reidesheim,  at 
Rheinpfalz,  in  that  country,  on  the  2d  of  April, 
1819,  and  continued  to  live  there  until  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age.  While  still  living  in  his 
native  town  he  secured  the  rudiments  of  a good, 
substantial  education.  With  his  residence  there  his  school 
opportunities  came  to  an  end,  and  such  mental  training  as 
he  subsequently  obtained  was  wholly  due  to  his  own  un- 
aided efforts.  In  the  year  1833  he  came  with  his  parents 
to  this  country,  and  settled  in  Stark  county,  Ohio,  where 
his  father  went  into  business  as  a butcher  and  hotel  keeper. 
In  the  following  year  he  went  with  the  family  to  find  a 
home  in  Cincinnati.  He  assisted  his  father  there  in  the 
butchering  business ; but  the  profits  of  the  business  did  not 
come  up  to  his  desires,  and  he  concluded  to  relinquish  it. 
Accordingly  he  accepted  a position  in  a store  at  the  dazzling 
salary  of  three  dollars  per  month.  P'or  six  months  he  con- 
tinued to  work  in  this  situation  and  on  these  terms,  and 
then,  in  the  year  1837,  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
he  went  again  to  work  with  his  father,  who  had  gone  into 
the  clothing  business.  He  remained  with  his  father  until 


1842,  and  then  entered  into  a copartnership  with  his 
brothers,  Abraham  and  Isaac,  in  the  clothing  and  woollen 
goods  business,  under  the  firm-name  of  A.  & 1.  Wolf  & Co. 
This  firm  was  dissolved  in  the  year  1865  by  the  death  of 
the  leading  partner,  Abraham.  It  was  soon  reorganized, 
however,  under  the  style  of  1.  & D.  Wolf.  The  firm  relin- 
quished the  mercantile  business  in  1869,  and  went  into  the 
brokerage  line,  which  line  it  has  since  continued  to  pursue'. 
In  politics  Daniel  Wolf  was  originally  a W’hig;  but  when 
the  Know  Nothing  party  was  organized  he  left  the  ranks 
of  the  Whigs  and  entered  those  of  the  Democrats.  He 
continued  in  the  Democratic  faith  until  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  in  1861,  and  then  he  considered 
that  the  time  had  come  to  revoke  his  allegiance  to  any  mere 
party  and  yield  it  alone  to  his  adopted  country.  He  was 
earnestly  devoted  to  the  preservation  of  the  Union  in  its  in- 
tegrity,  and  supported  with  all  his  energy  every  measure  for 
the  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war.  He,  together  with 
other  prominent  and  infiuenlial  citizens  of  the  old  Fifth  and 
the  adjacent  wards  of  the  city,  started  and  organized  the 
first  company  of  home  military.  The  company  was  called 
the  “ Stoner  Rifles,’’  and  was  composed  of  old  men,  who 
armed  and  equipped  themselves  at  their  own  expense. 
This  organization  formed  the  nucleus  of  many  of  the  com- 
panies that  entered  the  army  and  participated  in  some  of 
the  hardest  work  of  the  war.  In  the  year  1865  Daniel 
W’olf  was  elected  a member  of  the  City  (,'ouncil  in  place  of 
Benjamin  Eggleston,  who  had  been  chosen  to  a seat  in 
Congress.  He  was  put  forward  by  the  best  citizens  of  the 
ward,  was  elected  by  a large  majority,  and  performed  the 
duties  of  his  position  so  accejitably  that  by  successive  re- 
elections  he  has  been  kept  in  the  position  ever  since.  For 
four  years  he  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  City  Improve- 
ments, and  at  the  present  time  he  is  Chairman  of  the 
Finance  Committee.  He  was  married  in  1847  'o  Rebecca 
Bruel,  of  Cincinnati.  Ten  cbildren  have  been  born  to 
them,  and  of  these  nine  are  now  living.  His  eldest  daugh- 
ter is  the  wife  of  H.  S.  Mack,  of  the  firm  of  H.  S.  Mack  & 
Co.,  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin  ; and  his  second  daughter  is 
the  wife  of  A.  Meyer,  of  the  firm  of  Meis  & Meyer,  whole- 
sale boots  and  shoes. 


TIMSON,  RODNEY  M.,  Marietta,  Ohio,  was 
lorn  at  Milford,  New  Hampshire,  on  October 
26th,  1824.  He  was  descended  from  John  Stim- 
son,  who  came  from  England  to  Boston,  Ma.ssa- 
chusetts,  about  1640.  He  received  his  education 
at  Marietta  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1847.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  in  1849 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  But  his  fancy  for  newspaper  life 
being  greater,  he  abandoned  the  law  and  established  the 
Register,  at  Stouton,  Lawrence  county.  This  new  work 
received  his  best  energies,  and  until  the  spring  of  1862  he 
gave  his  entire  attention  to  that  paper.  He  then  moved  to 


1.  # 


? •• 


I 


B I OG  R A PH  I C A L E XC  VCIX)  P JiD  1 A . 


67 


Marietta,  and  there  edited  and  published  the  Marietla 
Rtgister,  in  which  he  continued  until  May,  1872.  Since 
that  he  has  been  out  of  business,  and  has  devoted  his  time 
between  leisure  and  study,  possessing  a fine  library  of  over 
two  thousand  carefully  selected  volumes.  He  can  always 
be  found  among  them.  His  contributions,  which  are  many, 
are  of  the  highest  order.  In  1869  he  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  State  .Senate  as  a Republican.  The  universal  satis- 
faction felt  by  his  constituents  caused  his  re-election  to  the 
same  office  in  1871,  where  he  served  in  all  four  years.  His 
record  while  in  the  Legislature  was  highly  honorable,  and 
the  record  shows  him  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  ener- 
getic men  in  the  Legislature  during  his  time.  He  has  been 
married  twice;  first  in  1851,  and  then  again  in  1862. 


fORRILL,  HENRY  ALBERT,  Lawyer,  is  the 
v.X^I  third  son  of  .Stmuel  Morrill  and  Martha  Morrill, 
and  was  horn  in  Potsdam,  X'ew  York,  February 
13th,  1835.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  one 
of  five  or  six  brothers  who  in  early  life  emigrated 
from  X'ew  Hampshire  to  Caledonia  county,  Ver- 
mont, then  a wilderness,  and  there  became  ultimately  the 
possessors  of  large  and  productive  farms.  They  were  men 
of  prominence  in  church,  benevolent,  and  in  Christian  en- 
terprises. His  maternal  grandparents,  whose  name  was 
Tilton,  were  members  of  a family  prominent  in  business 
circles  in  northern  New  York.  His  father,  soon  after  mar- 
riage, settled  near  the  home  of  his  wife’s  parents,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  various  business  pursuits,  meeting  with 
varied  success,  until  his  decease,  which  occurred  about 
thirteen  years  ago.  He  was  a man  of  inflexible  integrity  in 
all  the  affairs  of  life,  and  was  endowed  with  more  than 
ordinary  intellectual  powers.  At  the  age  of  four  years,  his 
mother  dying  and  leaving  a large  family  of  young  children, 
he  removed  to  Vermont  to  live  with  his  paternal  grand- 
parents, with- whom  he  remained  until  their  death;  then 
with  their  married  daughter,  who  had  succeeded  to  the 
homestead  as  head  of  the  household,  continued  to  reside 
there  until  he  had  attained  his  eighteenth  year.  During 
this  time  he  was  engaged  in  working  on  the  farm,  and  at- 
tended also  the  village  school  and  academy.  Conceiving 
about  that  period  a distaste  for  agricultural  pursuits,  he 
visited  St.  Louis,  proposing  to  turn  his  attention  to  Inisiness, 
and  was  there  engaged  for  six  months  in  a large  commission 
house.  At  the  close  of  his  engagement  with  that  establish- 
ment he  returned  to  his  home,  whence,  after  completing  a 
preparatory  course  of  studies,  he  entered  D.artmoulh  College  1 
in  1856,  and  graduated  with  honor  in  i860.  During  his! 
college  course,  and  also  while  fitting  himself  for  it,  he  ! 
taught  school  in  the  winter,  and  in  the  summer  vacations  j 
worked  for  hire  on  the  farms,  thus  defraying  his  entire  ex- 
penses, receiving  no  outside  help  from  any  source.  After 
graduating  he  at  once  began  the  study  of  law,  and  during  ■ 


the  ensuing  fall  presided  over  an  academy  at  Lisbon,  New 
Hampshire.  In  the  early  part  of  1S61  he  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati, where  for  three  years  he  was  engaged  in  teaching 
in  private  schools,  continuing  also  the  study  of  law,  and  in 
the  meantime  taking  an  active  part,  as  an  orator  and  de- 
bater, in  the  current  political  movements  of  the  State.  In 
1863  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  on  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  In  the  spring  of  1865,  General  E. 
F.  Noyes,  since  Governor  of  Ohio,  with  whom  he  had  read 
law,  having  been  elected  City  Solicitor  of  Cincinnati,  he  was 
appointed  by  him  Assistant  Solicitor.  In  the  fall  of  1866, 
after  the  election  of  Noyes  to  the  Probate  Judgeship  of  the 
county,  he  was  appointed  by  the  City  Council  to  fill  the 
vacancy  in  the  Solicitor’s  office,  and  in  the  following  spring 
was  elected  to  the  Solicitor^hip  for  the  term  of  two  years. 
Retiring  from  office  in  1869,  he  formed  a law  partnership 
with  his  father-in-law,  and  since  then  has  been  constantly 
engaged  in  carrying  on  an  extensive  and  remunerative 
practice,  to  which,  with  the  exception  of  the  work  he  has 
done  in  connection  with  the  Law  School  of  Cincinnati,  he 
has  devoted  his  entire  attention.  In  1S70  he  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Mercantile  Law,  Contracts,  and  Evidence,  in 
the  Law  .School,  and  still  retains  that  position.  He  is  a 
zealous  and  prominent  officer  and  v'orker  in  his  church — 
Presbyterian — and  in  political  matters,  while  holding  him- 
self apart  from  the  machinations  of  corrupt  partisanship,  is 
fearless  and  outspoken  in  delivering  his  views  and  senti- 
ments concerning  every  important  measure.  He  w'as  mar- 
ried in  1S67  to  Anna  McGuffey,  eldest  daughter  of  A.  H. 
McGuffey,  a prominent  lawyer  of  Cincinnati. 


AI.DWIN,  DWIGHT  H.,  Wholesale  and  Retail 
Dealer  in  Pianos  and  Organs,  was  born  in  North 
East,  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  September 
15th,  1821.  His  parents  were  from  the  .State  of 
Connecticut,  and  were  of  English  and  Irish  ex- 
traction. His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Caji- 
tain  Samuel  Waugh,  who  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  war 
when  he  was  but  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  served  as  an 
officer  seven  years.  Cat  tain  Waugh  married  Miss  Good- 
win, who  was  a lineal  descendant  of  one  of  the  best  families 
of  that  name  in  England.  Our  subject  acquired  his  educa- 
tion principally  in  the  public  and  select  schools  of  his 
native  town,  and  subsequently  entered  Oberlin  College. 
After  spending  several  years  as  a student  in  jireparing  for 
the  ministry,  on  account  of  failing  health  he  was  compelled 
to  abandon  his  studies  and  college,  and  relinquish  his  cher- 
ished object  of  becoming  a regularly  educated  minister  of 
the  gospel.  Having  thus  been  frustrated  in  obtaining  the 
yrrofession  of  his  choice,  he  visited  Kentucky  and  engaged 
in  teaching  music,  which  he  found  agreeable,  and  therefore 
continued  several  years  in  that  State  and  in  that  business. 
He  then  removed  to  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  after  remaining 


68 


r.  IOC ; u A p 1 1 1 c ' A I , i: nc  v c i.o  p. p:  i > i a . 


there  a few  years,  being  engaged  in  teaching  music,  he 
went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
During  the  first  seven  years  of  his  residence  in  the  Queen 
City  of  the  West  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  music  in  the 
public  schools.  It  has  been  estimated  by  those  who  are 
qualified  to  know,  that  he  has  given  music  lessons  to  more 
than  one  hundred  thousand  pupils  in  cla'sses,  and  more  than 
one  hundred  persons  are  now  teaching  music  who  were  at 
one  time  his  scholars.  In  1863  he  began  in  a very  small 
way  to  sell  pianos  and  organs.  This  business  has  gradually 
but  constantly  increased  until  now  it  extends  over  ten  or 
twelve  different  States.  lie  began  with  the  determination 
of  building  up  a large  business  on  a basis  of  strict  integrity, 
and  the  results  have  far  surpassed  his  most  sanguine  expec- 
tations, his  sales  of  pianos  and  organs  being  more  than 
double  that  of  any  other  house  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  The 
name  D.  H.  Baldwin  on  a bill  is  a sufficient  guarantee  that 
every  musical  instrument  sold  from  his  warerooms  is  quite 
as  good  in  every  respect  as  it  had  been  represented  to  be  by 
the  salesman.  In  his  remarkable  success  in  business  he  has 
not  for  an  instant  forgotten  how  ardently  he  desired  to  be- 
come a clergyman  by  profession.  Although  defeated  by 
ill-health  in  attaining  to  that  position,  he  has  found  many 
opportunities  in  the  church  and  Sabbath-school  to  labor  for 
his  Divine  Master.  In  July,  1863,  he  was  elected  a Ruling 
Elder  in  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cincinnati,  and 
still  holds  that  honorable  and  responsible  position.  Since 
1868  he  has  been  the  efficient  and  tireless  Superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  of  that  church.  The  printed  reports 
of  the  Sabbath-schools  of  the  Presbytery  of  Cincinnati,  for 
the  year  ending  May,  1875,  show  that  the  school  over 
which  he  presides  had  a larger  number  of  pupils  than  any 
other.  Every  day,  at  an  early  hour  in  the  afternoon,  he 
leaves  the  cares  of  his  business  and  devotes  the  remainder 
of  the  day  in  visiting  the  families  of  the  pupils  of  his  school, 
thus  reducing  to  practice  the  religion  which  he  iwofesses. 
On  December  30th,  1844,  he  married  Emerine  Summers, 
of  Elizaville,  Kentucky. 


^jERARD,  CLINTON  W.,  Lawyer,  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in 


Newtown,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  September 
20th,  1842.  His  ancestors  were  known  as  es- 
teemed companions  of  the  earlier  pioneers  and 
settlers  in  the  southwestern  section  of  Ohio,  where 
they  located  themselves  when  that  part  of  our  country,  now 
so  thriving  and  populous,  was  sparsely  settled  and  wholly 
undeveloped.  His  parents  were  Isaac  Gerard  and  Maria 
(lerard.  Until  he  had  attained  his  seventeenth  year  he 
lived  on  a farm,  engaged  in  agricultural  labor  during  the 
summer  season,  and  in  the  winter  months  attending  the 
neighboring  country  schools,  where  he  received  a limited 
and  preliminary  education.  He  subsequently  conceived 


the  idea  of  entering  some  profession,  and,  holding  that  de- 
sign steadily  in  view,  employed  himself  in  teaching  a 
common  school,  thus  securing  the  desired  opportunity 
which  enabled  him  to  complete,  in  a measure,  his  store  of 
crude  acquirements,  and  to  prepare  his  mind,  by  a con- 
sistent course  of  drilling,  to  receive  profitably  a higher 
system  of  training.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  rehellion, 
however,  he  temporarily  relinquished  his  student  life,  and 
entered  the  service  of  the  United  States  to  assist  in  the 
maintenance  and  defence  of  the  Union.  Enlisting  as  a 
private  in  the  83d  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  he  served 
actively  during  the  ensuing  three  years  as  a non-commis- 
sioned officer,  participating  in  many  hard-fought  battles, 
and  at  all  times,  under  the  most  trying  and  perilous  circum- 
stances, acquitting  himself  with  intrepidity  and  efficiency. 
While  acting  in  a military  capacity  he  was  recognized  as 
an  ardent  and  useful  soldier,  and  upon  various  occasions 
was  favorably  mentioned  by  his  superiors.  Receiving  his 
discharge  in  August,  1865,  he  re-entered  the  college  at  the 
beginning  of  the  September  term  of  this  year,  resuming  the 
prosecution  of  his  former  studies,  and  through  indefatigable 
exertions  and  economical  management  graduated  in  the 
fall  of  1868  at  Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio.  In  the 
following  September  he  received  the  aiipointment  of  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  at  the  I'armers’  College,  located  a' 
College  Hill,  Ohio,  which  position  he  filled  with  ability  for 
a period  of  two  years.  In  the  meantime,  also,  having  re- 
solved to  embrace  the  legal  profession,  he  studied  law 
under  the  directions  of  Dickson  & Murdoch,  of  Cincinnati, 
and  attended  the  Cincinnati  I.aw  School,  whence  he  grad- 
uated April  19th,  1870,  receiving  his  diploma  in  that  year. 
In  the  ensuing  June,  the  college  session  having  closed,  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  entering  at  once  upon  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession,  rapidly  secured  an  extensive  and 
remunerative  clientage.  In  the  fall  of  1872,  the  position  of 
Assistant  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Hamilton  county  being 
tendered  him,  he  accepted  it,  and  in  January,  1S73,  received 
his  appointment.  During  1873-74,  having  performed  the 
functions  of  his  office  with  faultless  ability  and  well-directed 
zeal,  he  was  widely  named  as  a fit  candidate  for  the  posi- 
tion of  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  in  1875  unanimously 
nominated  by  the  Democratic  party  for  his  present  office, 
ultimately  securing  an  election  by  a m.ajority  of  over  five 
thousand  in  the  county,  running  far  ahead  of  his  ticket. 
Nominated  by  acclamation  by  the  Democratic  Convention, 
elected  by  an  overwhelming  majority,  he  was  installed  in 
his  new  office  on  January  4th,  1875,  under  the  most  felici- 
tous circumstances.  Throughout  his  administration  his 
course  and  actions  have  been  invariably  characterized  by  a 
fearless  and  impartial  construction  of  the  law,  an  inflexible 
determination  to  repress  the  growth  and  spread  of  the  crim- 
inal classes,  and  an  undeviating  attention  to  eveiy  detail 
connected  with  the  proper  fulfilment  of  his  many  important 
duties.  He  is  what  may  be  termed,  in  the  fullest  sense  of 
the  expression,  a self-made  man.  Encompassed  with  diffi- 


r.Tor.RAPiiicAi,  F.\cvcLnp.Kr)iA. 


(>(} 


culties  ;it  his  outset  in  life,  he  met  them  with  vigor  and 
determination,  and  now — holding  an  honorable  and  im- 
portant office,  an  esteemed  and  prominent  citizen,  a skilful 
lawyer — reaps  deservedly  the  reward  of  his  tireless  ex- 
ertions. 


'ILDRETII,  GEORGE  OSGOOD,  M.  D.,  was 
born  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  November  17th,  1812. 
Ilis  father.  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott  Hildreth,  widely 
known  as  a medical  practitioner,  author  and 
scientist,  was  born  in  Methuen,  Massachusetts, 
September  30th,  1783,  descending  from  a distin- 
guished New  England  ancestry,  traced  directly  to  Richard 
Hildreth,  who  emigrated  from  England  more  than  two 
centuries  ago.  His  boyhood  was  passed  on  his  father’s 
farm  and  in  studies  at  a common  school.  His  preparations 
for  a collegiate  course  "were  made  at  Phillips’  Andover 
Academy,  but  before  the  completion  of  his  college  training 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas 
Kittredge,  at  Andover,  North  parish.  In  May,  1805,  not 
then  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  began  practice  in  Hamp- 
stead, Rockingham  county.  New  Hampshire,  and  after  a 
sixteen  months’  residence  in  this  place  he  started,  Sep- 
tember 9th,  1806,  on  horseback  for  the  West,  arriving  at 
Marietta,  Ohio,  October  4th.  Here  he  remained  nine 
weeks,  and  then  went  to  Belpre,  twelve  miles  distant,  to 
practise.  Here,  on  August  19th,  1807,  he  married  Rhoda, 
daughter  of  G.rptain  Pardon  Cook.  .She  was  a native  of 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  and  came  to  Ohio  in  1804 
with  her  mother,  then  a widow.  In  1808,  after  a stay  of 
fifteen  months  in  Belpre,  Dr.  Hildreth  returned  to  Marietta, 
and  there  resided  until  his  death,  July  24th,  1863.  His 
wife,  a lady  of  most  estimable  qualities  and  many  accom- 
plishments, died  at  the  same  place,  June  21st,  1868.  In 
1810,  when  twenty-seven  years  of  age.  Dr.  Hildreth  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in  1811. 
At  that  time  he  was  a supporter  of  the  Jefferson  and  Madi- 
son administrations.  His  unsuccessful  opponent  in  1811 
was  the  late  Judge  Ephraim  Cutler,  a Federalist.  In  later 
years  both  acted  in  concert  as  Whigs.  Upon  the  expiration 
of  his  second  term  he  declined  to  act  further  in  that  capa- 
city. He  was  a man  of  decided  political  opinions,  and  of 
such  unswerving  integrity  that  there  was  no  inducement 
that  could  lead  him  against  the  right.  He  was  a Repub- 
lican from  the  formation  of  that  party,  in  1854.  The  Legis- 
lature of  which  he  was  a member,  in  1811,  elected  him 
Collector  of  Non-resident  Taxes,  at  a salary  of  $250  per 
annum,  and  he  held  that  office  for  eight  y'ears,  when,  in 
1819,  it  was  abolished.  In  1810  he  became  clerk  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  Ministerial  Lands,  and  retained  that  po- 
sition until  his  death.  At  home  and  abroad  he  was  highly 
esteemed  for  his  scientific  labors.  Among  his  publications 
were,  in  1808,  a “ History  of  the  Plpidemic  of  the  Year 
1807  ; ” in  1812  a “ Description  of  the  American  Colombo, 


with  a Drawing  of  the  Plant;”  in  1822  a “ Treatise  on 
Hydrophobia,”  and  another  on  a curious  case  similar  to 
that  of  the  Siamese  twins,  which  occurred  in  his  practice. 
These  papers  were  jiublished  in  the  A\'w  York  Medical 
Repository.  In  1824  he  published  in  the  riiiladclphia 
yournal  of  Medical  Science  a full  history  of  the  great 
Epidemic  Fever  that  visited  the  Ohio  valley  and  Marietta 
in  1822  and  1823;  and  in  1S25,  in  the  Western  fournal  of 
Medictne,  of  Cincinnati,  an  account  of  the  minor  diseases 
I of  the  epidemic.  In  1826  he  became  the  author  of  a series 
I of  papers  on  the  “Natural  and  Civil  Histoiy  of  Washington 
j County,”  printed  in  Silliman's  Journal  of  Science,  New 
I Haven.  From  that  time  until  his  death  he  w'as  a frequent 
j contributor  to  that  journal  on  conchological,  geological, 

I meteorological  and  medical  subjects.  These  were  all  very 
j valuable,  especially  those  treating  on  the  salt-bearing  rock 
i in  Ohio,  and  the  history  of  salt  manufacture  from  the  first 
settlement  in  that  State.  His  “ Diary  of  a Naturalist”  was 
exceedingly  interesting  and  instructive.  In  1837  he  became 
one  of  the  assistant  geologists  on  the  Ohio  State  Geological 
Survey,  and  in  1839  became  President  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  Ohio,  and  delivered  before  it,  at  Cleveland,  as 
the  annual  address,  a “ History  of  the  Diseases  and  Climate 
of  Southeastern  Ohio  from  its  F'irst  Settlement,”  which  w'as 
printed  by  the  society  and  widely  circulated.  In  the  same 
year  he  published  a “ History  of  the  Settlement  of  Belvllle, 
Western  Virginia,”  which  was  continued  through  several 
numbers  of  the  Hesperian,  a magazine  issued  in  Cincinnati. 
In  1842-43  he  contributed  frecpiently  to  the  American 
Pioneer published  monthly  in  the  same  city.  In  1S48 
he  issued  his  “ Pioneer  History,”  an  octavo  volume  of  525 
pages,  which  was  “an  account  of  the  first  examinations  of 
the  Ohio  valley  and  early  settlement  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory.” This  was  followed  in  1852  by  his  “ Lives  of  the 
Early  Settlers  of  Ohio,”  an  octavo  volume  of  539  pages. 
In  1830  he  began  a cabinet  of  natural  history,  from  the 
fossil  insects,  shells  and  plants  of  Ohio,  to  which  were 
addeJ  minerals,  insects  and  marine  specimens  from  other 
quarters.  In  a few  years  he  had  gathered  four  thousand 
specimens,  including  many  relics  from  “ancient  mounds.” 
In  1855  he  donated  this  valuable  cabinet  to  Marietta  Col- 
lege, together  with  his  scientific  libraiy,  and  many  rare 
works  pertaining  to  the  pioneer  history  of  the  West.  These 
occupy  a room  knowm  as  “ Hildreth’s  Cabinet,”  and  by  this 
donation  he  became  one  of  the  leading  benefaclors  of  that 
institution.  He  was  a man  of  sincere  piety,  and  was  every- 
where esteemed  for  his  profound  learning  and  his  attractive 
social  (pialities.  George  Osgood  Hildreth,  his  son,  was 
educated  at  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1829.  Upon  leaving  this  institution  he 
entered  at  once  upon  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  father, 
and  soon  after  entered  the  medical  depaitment  of  Transyl- 
vania University,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1835.  He  commenced  practice  at  once,  asso- 
ciated with  his  father,  at  Marietta,  and  has  uninterruptedly 


70 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E N C V C L O IL:E  D I A . 


continued  it  until  the  present  time,  with  the  exception  of 
four  years,  from  1S49  to  1853,  when  he  was  in  California, 
to  w'hich  the  prevalent  “gold  fever”  had  impelled  him. 
lie  resumed  his  professional  duties  upon  his  return,  and 
continued  alone  in  their  performance  since  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  1863.  In  June,  1863,  he  was  appointed  Ex- 
aminer of  United  States  Pensioners,  and  still  retains  that 
position.  P'or  a number  of  years  he  has  acted  as  clerk  of 
the  Ministerial  Trustees  of  Marietta;  is  a stockholder  in 
the  Eirst  National  Bank  and  in  the  Marietta  National 
Bank;  a member  of  the  Washington  County  Medical 
Society ; occupies  the  family  homestead  on  Putnam  street, 
and  is  still  unmarried. 


I'TERSON,  JOHN  E.,  M.  D.,  was  born,  Febru- 
ary iSth,  1830,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Westmoreland 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  the  third  of  six 
children  whose  parents  were  A.  O.  and  Maria  S. 
(.Speer)  Patterson.  Ilis  father,  a native  of  Fay- 
ette county,  Pennsylvania,  was  a graduate  of 
Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  and  became  a jiromi- 
nent  clergyman  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  was  a 
learned  and  eloquent  divine,  and  during  the  last  year  of 
his  life  preached  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  where  he  died,  Decem- 
ber 14th,  1868.  His  wife  was  born  at  Chillicothe,  and 
was  a woman  of  many  virtues  and  accomplishments.  John 
E.  had  in  youth  the  advantages  of  a liberal  education,  and 
became  at  quite  an  early  age  a student  in  Washington  Col- 
lege, which  he  left  in  1850,  going  in  that  year  to  Cincin- 
nati, where  he  commenced  to  read  medicine  with  Dr.  I.  J. 
Dodge.  He  remained  with  this  gentleman  three  years, 
and  in  this  period  attended  three  courses  of  lectures  at  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  from  which,  in  the  spring  of 
1855,  he  graduated  with  high  honor.  He  at  once  located 
in  Cincinnati  as  a practitioner,  remaining  there  for  seven 
months,  when  he  went  to  Pittsburgh,  and  followed  his 
profession  in  that  city  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebel- 
lion. In  1862  he  entered  the  United  States  service  as 
Assistant  Surgeon,  and  was  stationed  at  Paducah,  Ken- 
tuckv,  having  charge  of  the  hospital-boat  “ ftr.  Robinson.” 
He  remained  here  about  six  months,  when  he  moved  his 
boat  to  Columbus,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  stationed  for 
another  half  year.  Here  also  he  was  assigned  charge  of 
the  hospital-boat  “ N.rshville,”  which  he  retained  for  six 
months.  Then  he  accompanied  this  boat  as  Assistant 
Surgeon  to  Vicksburg,  where  he  was  stationed  for  a year, 
being  part  of  the  time  in  the  hospital  of  that  city  and  the 
remainder  of  the  time  on  the  boat.  In  March,  1864,  he 
went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  was  there  commissioned  as 
Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  itSth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and,  after  a short  sojourn  with  this  regiment,  was  placed  on 
the  “ Operating  Board  of  Surgeons  ” of  the  2d  Division  of 
the  23d  Army  Corps,  and  was  actively  connected  with  that 
corps  during  the  active  campaign  against  Atlanta,  engaging 


in  its  skirmishes  and  battles.  Subsequently  he  went  as 
Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Marietta  Hospital,  Georgia,  and 
after  this  he  was  stationed  in  the  hospitals  of  Atlanta  until 
the  troops  were  ordered  out  of  that  city,  in  contemplation 
of  Sherman’s  march  to  the  sea.  He  then  went  to  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  and  for  about  two  months  served  in 
Crittenden  Hospital,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Nashville, 
where  he  remained  six  months  in  Hospital  No.  l.  His 
regiment  was  then  ordered  to  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  at  his 
request  he  joined  it  in  January,  1S65,  and  acted  with  it 
during  the  balance  of  its  service  in  North  Carolina,  at  Wil- 
mington and  at  Saulsltury.  He  was  mustered  out,  June 
24th,  1865,  and  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  practised 
medicine  two  years.  Then,  on  account  of  his  father’s  im- 
paired health,  he  moved  to  Oxford,  Ohio,  where  the  latter 
was  residing,  and  followed  his  profession  in  that  place  for 
two  years;  and  upon  the  expiration  of  this  period  located  in 
Glendale,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  is  a physician  of 
great  skill,  and  his  long  hospital  service  in  the  army  has 
been  of  great  benefit  to  him  and  his  patrons,  as  well  as  to 
the  science  of  which  he  is  a leading  exponent.  He  is  a 
gentleman  of  great  energy  of  character,  of  fine  culture  and 
attractive  social  qualities,  and  is  highly  esteemed  for  his 
public  and  private  services.  He  is  a member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  is  a Republican  in  his  political 
affiliations. 


I ARD,  WILLIAM  W.,  Lumber  Merchant,  was 
born  in  Underhill,  Chittenden  county,  Vermont, 
July  6th,  1811,  and  was  the  fourth  child  in  a 
family  of  seven  children  whose  parents  were 
William  Ward  and  Anna  (Spenser)  Waid.  His 
father,  a native  of  Vermont  and  the  direct  de- 
scendant of  Revolutionary  ancestry,  followed  agricultural 
pursuits  through  life,  and  was  a man  of  influence  and  edu- 
cation; he  died  in  East  Poultney,  Rutland  county,  Vermont, 
1S50.  His  mother  was  a native  of  Hartford,  Connecti- 
cut, noted  for  fervid  piety;  she  died,  January  3d,  1819. 
His  grandfather,  Hon.  William  Ward,  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Poultney,  Rutland  county,  Vermont,  and  during 
the  Revolutionary  war  took  an  active  and  zealous  part,  as 
an  officer,  in  the  Continental  army  in  his  country’s  defence. 
He  was  a member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  State,  and  for  six  years  presided  as  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  County  Court  of  Rutland  county.  For 
twenty-two  years  he  was  Judge  of  Probate  for  the  District 
of  Fairhaven ; served  for  forty  years  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  and  during  eighteen  years  represented  the  town  in 
the  .State  Legislature.  Also,  for  more  than  a half  century, 
he  made  a public  profession  of  religion,  and  for  nearly  forty 
years  served  as  deacon  of  a church.  He  was  a direct  de- 
scendant of  General  Artemas  Ward,  of  the  Massachusetts 
Continental  troops.  He  was  engaged  in  labor  at  an  early 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOICLDIA. 


71 


age,  and  his  elementary  education,  obtained  solely  by  his 
own  exertions,  was  limited  in  degree  and  kind.  When 
but  twelve  years  of  age  he  was  compelled  to  maintain  him- 
self, and  up  to  i8jO  remained  in  Vermont,  employed  in 
laborious  but  honorable  pursuits.  He  then,  in  company 
with  Horace  Greeley,  afterward  so  famous,  left  his  native 
.State  on  foot  for  the  West.  His  total  capital  was  nine 
dollars,  while  Greeley’s  capital  was  eighteen  dollars.  At 
Albion,  Orleans  county.  New  York,  he  was  attacked  by 
illness,  and  rested  there  temporarily  with  a friend.  Greeley 
had  then  but  nine  dollars  left,  out  of  which  sum  he  gave 
five  dollars  to  his  comrade,  and,  the  latter  not  permitting 
him  to  remain,  he  proceeded  on  his  journey.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  a friendship  between  the  fortune-seekers  that 
lasted  through  life,  and  which  was  abundantly  evidenced 
by  the  correspondence  and  exchanged  favors  of  subsequent 
years.  He  was  detained  at  Gaines,  three  miles  from 
Albion,  by  sickness,  for  about  one  month,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  time  he  found  employment  as  a clerk  there,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  during  the  ensuing  three  years.  In 
1833  he  went  by  stage  to  Silver  Creek,  Chautauqua  county, 
New  York,  where  he  established  his  head-(iuarters  for  the 
.sale  of  goods.  In  1839  he  set  out  for  Cincinnati,  and,  ac- 
complishing the  journey  on  foot,  arrived  at  his  destination 
in  the  .spring  of  1840,  without  a cent  in  his  pocket  and  with 
not  even  an  acquaintance  in  the  town.  He  had  accumu 
bated  a few  dollars  while  in  New  York,  but  had  lost  every- 
thing in  trading  ventures  on  the  lake.  His  first  occupation 
in  Cincinnati  was  the  measuring  and  selling  of  lumber  for 
Captain  Calvin  Corvin,  whom,  two  months  later,  he  accom- 
panied on  business  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  succeeded  in 
gaining  $300.  At  the  expiration  of  two  months  he  returned 
with  his  employer  to  Cincinnati,  and  there  engaged  in 
lumber  selling’  on  his  own  account.  Within  eighteen 
months  from  this  time  he  laid  aside  a sum  of  ^10,000,  and 
has  since  continued  to  prosecute  the  business  in  which  he 
met  with  such  speedy  and  extraordinary  .success.  In  1856, 
exhausted  by  sickness,  he  was  taken  to  western  New  York, 
presumedly  to  die,  and  simultaneously  was  crushed  by  dis- 
astrous reverses  in  business.  Two  years  elapsed  before  his 
health  was  re-established,  and  he  then  returned  to  Cincin- 
nati, as  poor  as  upon  his  first  arrival  in  the  place;  resumed, 
by  the  aid  of  a little  credit,  his  former  business,  and  was 
soon  again  on  the  full  tide  of  prosperity.  From  the  time 
of  his  failure  to  the  present  day  he  has  never  given  a 
moneyed  obligation,  and  he  is  now  widely  recognized  as  a 
far-seeing  and  able  man  of  business.  His  lumber  yard  is 
located  at  156  Harrison  avenue.  Politically,  he  is  attached 
to  the  Republican  party,  and  for  many  years  was  noted  as 
a zealous  abolitionist.  At  the  time  of  Lovejoy’s  murder  by 
a pro-slavery  mob  at  Alton,  Illinois,  he  was  energetic  in 
his  denunciations  of  the  outrage,  fearless  in  his  advocacy 
of  true  right  and  justice.  Religiously,  he  is  a Spiritualist, 
believing  firmly  in  the  immortality  of  man  and  the  possi- 
bility of  communication  with  friends  in  the  spirit  land. 


He  was  married,  September  13th,  i860,  to  Rosanna  C. 
Jobson,  a native  of  Germany;  and  again,  July  i8th,  1875, 
to  Caroline  Henzler,  of  Cincinnati. 


HON.  JOHN  F.,  Lawyer  and  Represent- 
ative in  the  Sixtieth  and  Sixty-first  General 


Assemblies  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Champaign 
county,  where  he  still  resides,  December  yth, 
1846.  The  name  was  originally  spelled  Goewey, 
and  his  ancestors  settled  and  lived  in  Rensselaer 
county.  New  York.  He  is  the  son  of  Hartland  D.  Gowey 
and  Eliza  A.  (Willey)  Gowey.  His  mother,  whose  ances- 
tors were  natives  of  Connecticut,  was  Irorn  in  Ohio.  His 
father  was  a native  of  Madison  county.  New  York,  and 
after  his  arrival  in  Ohio  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in 
the  town  of  North  Lewisburg,  Champaign  county.  His 
education  was  acquired  primarily  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University;  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  the  study 
of  law  under  the  preccptorship  of  Hon.  John  H.  Young, 
of  Urbana.  In  1869  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  at 
once  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1872  he 
was  elected,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  to  fill  a vacancy  in 
the  House,  and  in  1873  was  re-elected  for  the  next  full 
term.  While  a member  of  this  body  he  has  served  on  the 
Committees  on  Privileges  and  Elections  and  on  Insane 
Asylums.  In  1875,  declining  a re-election  to  the  House, 
he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Champaign  county. 
To  undertake  to  estimate  the  life  and  career  of  one  so 
young  as  he,  would  be  a premature  proceeding ; but, 
marked  as  it  has  been  by  integrity  and  the  profitable  exer- 
cise of  sound  abilities,  there  can  be  no  danger  in  predicting 
that  his  future  will  satisfy  every  reasonable  hope  of  his 
many  friends.  He  was  married,  April  25th,  1867,  to  Clara 
McDonald,  of  Champaign  county,  Ohio. 


ELTZER,  VAN  S.,  Physician  and  Surgeon,  was 
born  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  the  house  where  he 
still  resides,  August  31st,  1834.  His  grandfather, 
George  Seltzer,  emigrated  from  Germany,  and  at 
an  early  day  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  He  was  the 
organizer  of  Johnstown,  Lebanon  county,  in  that  State,  and 
was  widely  recognized  as  an  able  man  of  business  and  use- 
ful citizen.  His  family  consisted  of  three  sons  and  two 
daughters;  his  oldest  son,  Samuel  Z.  Seltzer,  M.  D.,  left 
Pennsylvania  in  1831  and  settled  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  until  his  death, 
in  1852.  His  mother,  Mary  (Tansnacht)  Seltzer,  of  Johns- 
town, Pennsylvania,  was  the  mother  of  thirteen  children. 
He  was  the  third  son,  and  was  educated  preliminarily  in 


72 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LUI A. 


the  public  schools  of  his  native  place.  In  1848  he  entered 
the  Capitol  University,  where  he  remained  as  a student 
during  the  ensuing  three  years.  lie  then  began  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  his  father,  with  whom 
he  read  until  death  carried  off  his  preceptor,  in  1852. 
Later,  he  entered  the  Starling  College,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  1855.  He  then  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  where  his  father  had  labored  for  a period 
extending  over  twenty  years,  and  at  the  present  time  pos- 
sesses in  the  capital  an  extensive  and  lucrative  business. 
For  three  years,  1869-70-71,  he  held  the  position  of  Physi- 
cian and  Surgeon  to  the  Franklin  County  Infirmary.  At 
the  present  time  he  is  Physician  and  Surgeon  of  the  Ohio 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  In  politics,  be  is  strongly 
attached  to  the  Republican  party.  He  was  married,  August 
19th,  1856,  to  Minerva  1.  Smcltzer,  of  Zanesville,  Ohio. 


OOMIS,  WILLIAM  B.,  Lawyer  and  ex-Judge  of 
the  Seventh  Judicial  District,  Marietta,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  New  London,  Connecticut,  on  Feb- 
ruary 1st,  1837.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
New  England,  and  the  family  date  their  resi- 
dence in  this  country  two  hundred  and  fifty  years 
back,  originally  having  come  from  England.  In  1840 
Christopher  C.  Loomis,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  emigrated  to  Ohio  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business.  William  B.  Loomis  attended  the  Marietta  Acad- 
emy, and  finished  his  education  at  the  Marietta  High 
School.  After  leaving  school  he  assisted  in  the  mercantile 
business,  but  only  for  a few  months,  when  he  was  employed 
in  the  Clerk’s  office  of  this  county,  and  while  there  began 
tbe  study  of  law,  and  in  1857  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
Leaving  the  County  Clerk’s  office  he  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  in  which  he  has  always  been  em- 
ployed when  not  on  the  bench.  In  1868  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  District  Court, 
which  position  he  filled  until  1873,  his  time  then  having 
expired.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, and  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Loomis, 
Alban  & Oldham,  of  Marietta,  where  they  enjoy  a large 
and  lucrative  practice.  He  was  married  in  i860  to 
Frances  Wheeler,  of  Marietta. 


jURNS,  REV.  ANDREW,  father  of  Hon.  Andrew 
M.  Burns,  was  born  in  Berks  county,  near  Read- 
ing, Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1813,  July  24th, 
and  is  of  Scotch-Itish  extraction.  While  still  a 
small  lad,  in  1820,  he  emigrated  with  his  father’s 
family  to  Richland  county,  Ohio,  then  a wilder- 
ness. With  limited  means  originally  for  obtaining  an 
education,  he  has  been  throughout  his  life  a close  and 


tireless  student,  and  now,  at  the  age  of  sixty-two  years,  is  a 
profound  scholar,  a man  of  valuable  and  varied  literary 
and  general  knowledge,  and  one  of  the  ablest  preachers  of 
the  Disciple  Church.  In  1856  and  1857  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives,  from  Rich- 
land county,  the  only  Republican  ever  elected  to  the  House 
from  this  county.  He  was  one  of  the  first  three  Abolition- 
ists of  hts  county,  and  from  the  earliest  days  of  the  anti- 
slavery  cause  was  one  of  its  most  ardent  and  fearless  sup- 
porters. He  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  the  political 
movements  of  the  day,  and  is  widely  recognized  as  a valu- 
able ally  by  those  to  whom  he  offers  the  assistance  of  his 
sterling  abilities.  F'rom  the  fall  of  1861  to  the  spring  of 
1863  he  served  in  the  PInited  States  army  as  Chaplain  of 
the  65th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  commanded  by  Colonel 
Harker,  who  fell  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  in  the  division 
commanded  by  General  Wood.  Colonel  Harker  was  a 
Brigadier-General  when  he  fell.  Mr.  Burns  has  probably 
held  more  public  debates  on  religious  topics  than  any  other 
living  preacher  in  the  West,  and  to  the  support  of  his 
views  and  arguments  brings  a formidable  store  of  natural 
talents  and  masses  of  knowledge  bearing  directly  and 
heavily  upon  the  points  held  under  consideration.  He  has 
preached  for  forty  years,  and  travelled  and  preached  in 
twenty-four  States  of  the  Union.  He  now  resides  at 
Chagrine  F'alls,  Cuyahoga  county,  Ohio. 


^ ARGENT,  EDWARD,  retired  Publisher,  was  born 
' in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  April  2d,  1820. 
His  father  was  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Sargent,  of 
Frederick  county,  Maryland.  In  1832  he  came 
with  his  father’s  family  to  Cincinnati,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  In  1833  his  father  died, 
and  at  that  early  age  he  was  compelled  to  begin  the  busi- 
ness of  life  for  himself.  This  he  did  by  entering  the 
Methodist  ■ Book  Concern  as  a clerk.  Here  and  in  the 
employ  of  Mann  & Clark,  wholesale  grocers,  he  remained 
until  1841.  From  1841  to  1845  engaged  in  river  com- 
merce, as  clerk  and  part  owner  of  the  steamer  “ Queen  of 
the  West.”  This  boat  operated  on  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi, running  from  Cincinnati  to  New  Orleans.  This 
adventure  not  proving  altogether  satisfactory,  and  a new 
field  offering,  he  entered  the  book  publishing  house  of  W. 
B.  Smith  & Co.  This  firm  was  then,  in  a small  way,  pub- 
lishing “ Ray’s  Arithmetics  ” and  “ McGuffey’s  Readers.” 
After  seventeen  years’  connection  with  this  house  it  was 
dissolved,  in  1862,  and  succeeded  by  that  of  Sargent, 
Wilson  & Hinkle.  By  reason  of  impaired  health  Mr. 
Sargent  retired  from  this  house  and  active  business  to  his 
home  at  East  Walnut  Hills  in  1868.  The  house  of  Sar- 
gent, Wilson  & Hinkle  became  the  largest  and  most  suc- 
cessful school-book  publishing  establishment  in  the  world  ; 
and,  although  the  world  has  been  scarcely  cognizant  of  the 


inOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


73 


fact,  it  has  for  years  been  quietly  but  certainly  exerting  a 
widespread  influence  for  untold  good  on  the  educational 
interests  of  the  country.  The  “ Eclectic  Educational 
Series,”  so  well  known  as  the  class-books  of  the  public 
schools  of  the  country,  engaged  for  years  almost  their  entire 
attention.  One  million  o^  these  books  were  annually  put 
in  the  schools  over  the  country;  and  the  greatest  care  was 
constantly  exerted  in  selecting  and  adding  to  this  series, 
from  time  to  time,  works  of  the  greatest  intrinsic  worth. 
Iso  school  publicationS"on  the  globe  have  gained  such  unpre- 
cedented popularity  as  those  of  this  house,  and  no  gentlemen 
in  our  business  history  more  deservedly  rank  as  benefactors 
of  the  youth  of  the  land  than  the  members  of  this  vast 
establishment.  Since  retiring  from  active  business  Mr. 
Sargent  has  given  his  attention  more  to  the  amelioration  of 
the  condition  of  some  for  whom  society  must  provide.  lie 
is  an  active  worker  in  his  church,  and  has  so  followed  the 
great  Pattern  in  his  life  as  to  deserve  most  eminently  a 
])lace  with  those  who  have  made  the  world  better  by  their 
life  in  it.  He  commenced  business  with  little  of  the  ad-  ^ 
vantage  of  the  schools  of  which  he  became  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  successful  builders  and  p.atrons.  During  his 
long  connection  with  the  school-book  interest  he  acquired  a 
fine  English  education,  and  may  certainly  be  justly  placed 
arrjong  the  self-educated  architects  of  their  own  fortunes. 
In  October,  1845,  married  to  Mary  Smith,  daughter 

of  Christopher  Smith,  well  known  among  the  old  citizens 
of  Cincinnati.  lie  has  three  children  and  two  grand- 
children. 

OTII,  MORITZ,  Merchant  and  Author,  was  born 
of  Hebrew  parents,  at  Milotiz,  in  the  province  of 
Moravia,  Austria,  December  29th,  1832.  He  is  the 
twelfth  son  in  a family  of  twenty-two  children,  born 
of  one  father  and  mother.  He  received  elementary 
instruction  in  the  German,  Hebrew  and  Bohemian 
languages,  showing  remarkable  aptitude  in  their  acquire- 
ment; but  his  father  died  when  he  was  nine  years  of  age, 
and  he  was  soon  after  thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  He 
went  to  Pesth,  the  capital  of  Hungary,  in  1842,  where  his 
brother  Joseph  assisted  him  to  a situation  in  a lace  and 
ribbon  establishment.  Here  he  devoted  his  evenings  to  a 
systematic  course  of  study,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
extensive  culture  he  attained  in  after  life.  He  served  in 
one  of  the  I.andsturm  during  the  revolution  of  1848-49; 
after  the  Hungarian  defeat,  in  the  latter  year,  Joseph  came 
to  the  United  States,  promising  to  send  Moritz  a passage 
ticket  if  he  met  encouraging  prospects.  Moritz  was  shortly 
directed  to  go  to  Berlin,  where  he  would  find  a letter  in 
waiting  containing  the  ticket.  He  was  obliged  to  travel 
from  Pesth  to  Berlin  without  a passport,  but  his  recom- 
mendations from  the  Republican  Revolutionary  Club  at 
Pesth  secured  him  friends,  and,  though  he  accomplisherl 
his  hazardous  journey  in  safety,  he  failed  to  find  the  passage 
10 


ticket  in  the  post-office.  After  weeks  of  waiting  he  went  to 
Hamburg,  hoping  to  be  able  to  work  his  passage  in  some 
vessel.  He  found  the  Austrian  army  at  Hamburg,  watching 
the  Schleswig-Holstein  complications,  and  a passport  de- 
manded of  every  stranger;  but  he  obtained  lodgings  at  the 
house  of  a member  of  the  Revolutionary  Club  of  Hamburg. 
In  1851  Kossuth  sent  an  agent  to  Hamburg  with  despatches 
and  instructions  to  induce  the  Hungarian  soldiers  of  the 
Austrian  army,  who  were  quartered  in  a fortress  at  Schles- 
wig-Holstein, to  revolt  and  combine  with  the  German 
patriots  for  the  re-establishment  of  their  lost  liberties.  The 
agent,  being  quartered  at  the  same  house  with  Moritz,  was 
accompanied  by  the  landlord  in  his  dangerous  task  of  ex- 
citing the  soldiery  to  mutiny.  They  were  betrayed  by  some 
loyal  soldiers  to  whom  they  had  intrusted  their  scheme, 
were  seized  and  put  in  irons.  The  house  was  surrounded 
by  the  Austrian  soldiers  and  the  keys  of  every  drawer  de- 
manded ; but  the  hostess  fainted  from  terror,  and  the  duty 
of  answering  the  officer  devolved  upon  Moritz,  who  was 
then  a youth  of  eighteen.  The  carpet-bag  containing  the 
papers  had  been  placed  under  a bed,  and  the  youth,  com- 
prehending the  situation,  determined  to  outwit  the  soldiery. 
As  the  captain  ripped  open  jiillows  and  beds  with  his 
sword,  Moritz  threw  the  feathers  over  the  bag  and  thus 
saved  it.  This  failure  to  secure  such  important  papers 
caused  great  rejoicing  among  the  Revolutionary  Club  of 
Hamburg,  who  delegated  Moritz  Loth  to  convey  these 
papers  to  Kossuth,  who  was  still  in  London.  He  accepted 
the  perilous  mission,  and  was,  by  the  aid  of  a small  boat  at 
midnight,  placed  on  board  a steamer  bound  for  London 
whose  captain  was  a member  of  the  club.  He,  with  his 
despatches,  was  stowed  among  the  water-casks,  where  he 
remained  two  long  and  dreary  days,  on  account  of  foggy 
weather,  which  prevented  departure  and  entailed  anxiety 
upon  the  messenger.  After  the  steamer  had  passed  the  last 
lighthouse  the  captain  ventured  to  take  him  into  his  cabin. 
Having  arrived  in  London  a day  after  the  departure  of 
Kossuth,  he  delivered  his  papers  to  Baron  Kemeny,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Hungarian  Revolutionary  Club  in  London. 
The  latter  expressed  his  pleasure  and  gratitude,  and  offered 
him  pecuniary  reward,  which  was  declined ; but  he  re- 
quested the  baron  to  procure  him  a passage  to  the  United 
States.  The  baron's  death,  a few  weeks  later,  blasted  his  hopes 
and  he  sought  and  found  employment  at  a caji  factory  near 
Regent  street,  where  he  remained  until  the  coup  d'  ctat  of 
Napoleon,  in  December,  1851.  He  resolved  to  join  the 
revolutionary  party  at  Paris,  but  the  news  of  the  overthrow 
of  the  republic  by  Napoleon  caused  him  to  abandon  the 
design,  and  he  shortly  after  accepted  the  offer  of  Lord 
Dudley  .Stuart,  who,  in  behalf  of  Najioleon  and  the  Em- 
peror of  Austria,  gave  free  passage  and  four  jxnmds  in 
money  to  all  revolutionary  republicans  who  would  emigrate 
to  the  United  States.  He  landed  in*  New  ^'ork  in  May, 
1852,  and  proceeded  immediately  to  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
where  he  found  his  brother  doing  a flourishing  dry-goods 


74 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


business,  and  ascertained  that  the  passage-ticket  had  been 
sent  according  to  promise,  and  after  a long  time  returned 
marked  “ Cannot  be  found.”  Joseph  offered  him  a clerk- 
ship, but  he  resolved  to  be  his  own  master,  and  commenced 
peddling  notions  on  his  own  account  with  the  fraction  of 
the  memorable  four  pounds,  and  so  successful  was  he  that 
in  1853  he  opened  a dry-goods  store  at  Hartford,  which 
was  continued  with  marked  success  for  four  years,  lie 
then  relinquished  the  dry-goods  business  and  purchased  . a 
patent-right  on  a spring  gun  for  ^tiooo,  which  he  also 
patented  in  Russia,  and  for  which  he  was  offered  ^40,000 
l)y  a joint  stock  company;  but  he  believed  there  was  a 
greater  fortune  in  it,  and  devoted  two  years  of  arduous 
laltor,  beside  an  e.xpenditure  of  $7700,  to  find  it  in  the  end 
a complete  failure.  Ilis  capital  being  thus  reduced  to 
S1300,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1859  and  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  notion  business  at  his  jiresent  location,  121 
Main  street.  Here  his  perception,  promptness  and  system  j 
won  immediate  recognition  in  business  circles,  and  he  now  1 
rinks  as  one  of  the  most  thorough  business  men  of  the  [ 
Queen  City.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  in  1861,  he  j 
opened  a branch  house  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  under  the  j 
firm-name  of  M.  Loth  & Co.,  and  the  annual  sales  of  the  1 
two  houses  soon  reached  the  sum  of  $1,000,000.  At  the  j 
close  of  the  war  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  Louisville  house  1 
and  commenced  also  to  draw  in  his  own  extensive  trade  at  ! 
Cincinnati.  This  policy  saved  him  from  the  serious  loss  [ 
from  the  rapid  and  continued  decline  in  goods  which  fob  [ 
lowed,  and  enabled  him  to  give  his  attention  to  real  es'ate  ( 
transactions;  and  streets  which  were  heretofore  considered 
unavailable  for  dwelling  and  building  purposes  were, 
through  his  sagacity  and  energy,  made  the  most  desirable 
in  the  city,  and  he  erected  a large  number  of  model  dwell- 
ings for  families  of  limited  means,  giving  each  family  one 
floor,  with  all  the  modern  improvements,  for  its  own  use.  j 
Apart  from  business  he  has  devoted  considerable  attention  | 
to  literature,  and  wields  the  pen  with  no  ordinary  talent,  i 
He  has  been  a liberal  contributor  to  the  huielite  under  the  , 
noni  de  plume  of  “ Milotiz,”  ami  also  wrote  for  it  the  tale  j 
entitled  “The  Miser’s  Fate.”  He  is  also  the  author  of  ! 
“Our  Prospects:  A Tale  of  Real  Life,”  a work  of  377; 
pages,  published  by  Robert  Clarke  & Co.,  of  Cincinnati,  in  ; 
which  he  vividly  portrays  the  misfortunes  that  befell  a 
family  through  the  thoughtless  extravagance  of  the  wife  and 
daughters.  This  was  followed  by  “ The  Forgiving  Kiss; 
or.  Our  Destiny,”  published  by  George  W.  Carleton  & Co., 
of  New  York  city.  It  is  a work  of  even  greater  merit  than 
the  preceding,  and  has  reached  the  second  edition,  which 
is  having  a large  sale  in  Europe  as  well  as  in  America. 
Though  systematically  devoted  to  his  mercantile  and  real 
estate  interests,  and  a diligent  student,  he  possesses  social 
qualifications  that  render  him  an  admirable  companion,  and 
an  unassuming  liberality  has  won  for  him  fitting  esteem. 
He  was,  in  1872,  honored  by  a unanimous  election  to  the 
presidency  of  the  congregation  at  the  Plum  .Street  Temple,  I 


and  continues  to  fill  that  office  with  great  dignity  and 
ability.  He  is  also  President  of  the  Union  of  American 
Hebrew  Congregations,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  origin- 
ators; was  President  of  the  first  Hebrew  Congregational 
Convention  held  in  Cincinnati,  1S73;  President  of  ihe  first 
Council  of  the  Union  of  American  Hebrew  Congregations, 
held  at  Cleveland,  July,  1S74.  He  was  one  of  the  origin- 
ators of  the  Hebrew  Union  College,  established  at  Cin- 
cinnati, and  free  to  all  students  without  regard  to  race 
or  creed.  He  was  married,  Februa'iy  5th,  i860,  to  F'red- 
ericka  Wilhartz,  of  New  York  city,  and  this  union  is 
blessed  by  a family  of  seven  interesting  childr 


HCPl,  RIIESE  E.,  ex- Brigadier-General  of  the 
Ohio  State  Militia,  was  born  at  Oak  Thorjie,  in 
Derbyshire,  England,  August  I2lh,  1 795.  His 
father  with  his  family  landed  at  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, August  30th,  iSoi,  and'after  a residence  in 
that  city  of  five  years  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death,  November  19th,  1S21.  His 
education  was  limited  in  degree  and  kind,  but  he  had  been 
early  accustomed  to  labor,  and  the  lack  of  school  training 
was  more  than  balanced  by  his  natural  powers  of  observa- 
tion and  discrimination.  In  the  peculiar  abilities  demanded 
by  pioneer  life,  and  by  the  requirements  and  exigencies  of 
a frontier  home,  he  was  excelled  by  none;  u ith  his  keen- 
edged  axe  he  would  enter  the  wilderness  of  trees,  and  from 
sunrise  to  sunset  cut,  split  and  stack  from  the  stump  three 
full  cords  of  wood.  He  also  manufactured  millions  of 
bricks  to  be  used  in  building  the  houses  of  Cincinnati.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-six  he  found  his  father’s  estate  was  insol- 
vent; at  the  age  of  thirty-four  he  could  point  to  it  cleared, 
by  his  exertions,  from  every  incumbrance.  He  acted  at  one 
time  as  Brigadier-General  of  the  Ohio  State  Militia,  and  for 
many  years  was  prominent  and  influential  as  a zealous  up- 
holder of  anti-slavery  principles  and  measures.  He  is  now 
free  from  business  relations,  and  widely  known  as  one  of 
the  most  useful  and  benevolent  men  of  Cincinnati;  he  re- 
sides in  a superb  mansion  on  Price’s  Hill.  While  in  his 
thirtieth  year  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Matson,  daughter 
of  Judge  Matson. 


HELLABARGER,  HON.  SAMUEL,  I.awyer,  ex- 
Member  of  Congress,  ex-United  .States  Minister 
Resident  to  Portugal,  etc.,  was  born  in  Clark 
county,  Ohio,  December  loth,  1817.  His  father, 
Samuel  Shellabarger,  a farmer,  was  a native  of 
Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  mother, 
Bethany  (McCurdy)  Shellabarger,  was  born  near  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  His  father’s  family  was  of  Ger- 
man-Swiss  extraction.  Martin  Shell.abargcr,  the  founder 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


75 


of  the  family  in  America,  who  emigrated  from  Switzerland 
to  this  country  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  - 
was  a descendant  of  Henry  Shellabarger  (German — Schol-  , 
lenhergerj  who  lived  in  the  Canton  of  Uii,  at  the  date  of 
the  battle  at  “ Rutli  Meadow,”  in  1307.  Samuel  graduated 
at  Miami  University,  with  the  class  of  1S41,  and  subse- 
quently studied  law  under  the  instruction  of  Hon.  Samson 
Mason.  Pie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  in  1847 
entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Miami  county. 
In  1848,  however,  he  returned  to  Springfield,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  more  or  less  regularly  engaged  in  professional 
l.abors  u[)  to  1874.  Pie  is  now  engaged  in  his  profession  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  Legislature  on  the  Whig  ticket,  and  served  in 
the  first  Legislature  under  the  present  Constitution.  In 
l86o  he  was  elected,  as  a Republican,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress;  in  1864  was  elected,  as  a Republican,  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress;  and  in  1866  was  elected,  as  a Re- 
pulilican,  to  the  P'ortieth  Congress.  In  1869  he  was  sent, 
as  United  States  Minister  Resident,  to  Portugal,  but  resigned 
that  position  in  the  following  December.  In  1870  he  was 
elected  to  the  Lorty-second  Congress, ’and  served  through 
that  Congress.  In  this  Congress  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce,  and  of  the  Select  Committee  on 
Southern  .\ffairs,  and  reported  from  this  committee  the  bill 
known  as  “the  Ku-Klux  Bill,”  which,  under  his  manage- 
ment, became  a law.  During  the  Thirty-ninth  and  Lortieth 
Congresses,  he  was  a member  of  the  Elections  Committee, 
and  was  author  of  and  mover  of  important  parts  of  the  first 
Reconstruction  Act.  In  1873  appointeil  by  the  J 

President  a member  of  “ the  Civil  Service  Commission.” 


I 


I 

C ^c.  , 


OTTGN,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  Judge,  was  born  in  Ply- 
mouth, Massachusetts,  in  September,  1792.  His 
fath  T,  Rev.  Josiah  Cotton,  was  a graduate  of  Yale 
College,  and  was  educated  for  the  ministry.  After 
presiding  temporarily  over  a church  in  Wareharn, 
he  abandoned  the  desk,  and  was  appointed  Clerk 
of  the  Courts  in  Plymouth  county,  which  post  he  filled  for 
many  years.  He  was  a descendant  of  Rev.  John  Cotton, 
one  of  the  early  ministers  of  Boston,  whose  name  he  bore, 
and  from  whom  he  inherited  many  intellectual  and  moral 
characteristics.  His  mother,  Rachel  (Barnes)  Cotton,  was 
a daughter  of  Rev. ’David  Barnes,  of  .Scituate.  His  boy- 
hood was  passed  in  the  town  of  Plymouth,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  He  was  noted  for  his 
mild  and  gentle  trisposition,  his  retiring  habits,  and  a greater 
fondness  for  study  than  for  the  rude  sports  which  commonly 
occupy  the  time  and  thoughts  of  school  boys.  His  prepara- 
tions for  college  were  completed  at  the  academy  in  Sand- 
wich, and  entering  Cambridge  College  at  the  early  age  of 
f)urteen,  he  graduated  from  that  institution  in  1810.  He 
then  became  the  preceptor  of  an  academy  in  Larmingham, 


and,  while  thus  occiqned,  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  John  Kittredge,  a practitioner  of  the  town.  He  after- 
ward attended  medical  lectures  in  Boston,  and  in  1814  took 
at  Cambridge  the  wished-for  degree  of  M.  D.  He  then  en- 
tered on  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Andover,  whence, 
after  a brief  sojourn,  he  removed  to  Salem.  Ifventually  he 
decided  to  remove  to  the  milder  region  of  the  Ohio  valley, 
thinking  that  a change  of  climate  might  be  beneficial  to  his 
rather  delicate  constitution,  and,  in  November,  1815,  arrived 
in  Marietta,  Ohio,  with  his  family.  Heat  once  resumed  the 
practice  of  medicine  on  the  west  side  of  the  Muskingum 
river,  and  rapidly  acquired  an  e.xtensive  business.  In  the 
course  of  the  ensuing  year  he  entered  zealously  into  the 
enterprise  of  establishing  Sabbath  schools,  a mode  of  instruct- 
ing the  young  in  morality  and  religion  then  unknown  in  the 
valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  thenceforu'ard  he  filled  constantly 
the  role  of  spiritual  teacher  and  guide.  In  order  to  acquire 
the  needed  ability  to  explain  more  fully  and  clearly  some 
of  the  obscurer  passages  of  the  Old  Testament,  he  took  up 
the  study  of  Hebrew,  being  then  forty  years  of  age,  and 
within  a remarkably  brief  period  was  able  to  read  in  the 
original  tongue  the  worals  of  eternal  life.  In  1824  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  from  Washington  county,  Ohio, 
and,  while  serving  with  this  body,  labored  loyally  and  effi- 
ciently for  the  interests  of  his  constituents.  In  1825  he  was 
elected  by  the  Ohio  Legislature  an  Associate  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  to  which  position  he  was  continu- 
ally reappointed  until  the  period  of  his  decease.  Lor  that 
station  he  was  admir.ably  qualified  by  his  calm  and  well- 
balanced  mind,  and  by  his  sound  judgment  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  principles  of  law,  which  he  had  studied 
with  great  care,  as  also  the  statutes  of  the  State  by  which  he 
was  guided.  The  varied  stores  of  classical  and  scientific 
knowledge  garnered  in  his  collegiate  course  and  after  life, 
were  often  spread  before  the  public  in  the  guise  of  lectures 
delivered  in  the  Marietta  Lyceum,  and  also  to  the  scholars 
in  the  I'emale  Seminary.  At  the  incorporation  of  the 
Marietta  College,  in  1836,  he  was  one  of  the  original  trus- 
tees, and  for  several  years  was  the  presiding  officer  of  the 
board.  Among  his  other  posts  of  distinction  was  that  of 
Trustee  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  located  at  Cincin- 
nati. Embracing  with  ardor  whatever  he  deemed  would 
benefit  the  community  or  country,  he  acted  also  as  Chairman 
of  the  Whig  Central  Committee  of  Washington  county,  and 
for  several  years  discharged  with  notable  ability  the  duties  of 
that  vexatious  post.  As  a medical  practitioner  he  stood  de- 
servedly high  among  his  brethren,  and  was  often  called  in 
council  in  serious  and  peculiar  cases,  not  only  in  Marietta, 
but  also  in  adjacent  towns,  and  was  a skilful  operator  in 
surgery,  as  well  as  a successful  manager  of  cases  requiring 
simply  medical  treatment.  He  was  married  in  August, 
1815,  to  Susan  Buckminster,  of  fi'anningham,  Massachusetts, 
whose  family  was  nearly  related  to  Dr.  Buckminster,  of 
Portsmouth,  and  also  to  the  gifted  Joseph  S.  Buckminster, 
of  Bo.ston.  His  death  was  sudden  and  unexpected,  and  oc- 


76 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 


currecl  after  a Ijrief  illness  ; but  the  messenger  found  him 
ready,  “ watching  for  the  coming  of  his  Lord.”  lie  died 
April  2d,  1S47,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

ELCII,  JOHN,  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
I I belongs  pre-eminently  in  the  honorable 

ranks  of  self-made  men.  He  shared  the  hard- 
ships  of  pioneer  life,  struggled  against  ill-health 
^ and  wrenched  success  finally  out  of  the  hard  hand 
of  poverty.  He  was  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio,  on  the  28th  of  October,  1805.  The  region  was  then, 
to  a great  extent,  a wiMerne.ss,  and  John’s  father  was  one 
of  the  earliest  pioneers  who  undertook  the  task  of  subduing 
it  and  transforming  it  into  a cultivated  and  productive  land. 
He  was  a poor  man  with  a large  family,  consisting  of  seven 
sons  and  four  daughters.  The  child  of  such  a household 
who  would  have  prosperity,  must  manifestly  work  it  out  for 
himself.  It  certainly  would  not  be  thrust  upon  him,  no 
matter  how  ardent  the  parental  love  or  how  .strong  the  pa- 
rental wish  to  have  things  better  than  they  are  for  those  who 
come  after.  John  Welch  was  one  to  work  out  results  for 
himself.  He  had  early  set  his  heart  on  success,  and  his 
purpose  never  faltered,  no  matter  how  discouraging  the  ob- 
stacles that  presented  themselves.  He  worked  with  his 
father  upon  the  family  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of 
age,  and  during  that  interval  he  acquired  such  education  as 
was  to  be  acquired  by  attending  the  country  district  school 
during  the  winter  months.'  The  opportunities  were  not  very 
great  for  scholastic  attainments.  Country  schools  in  the 
early  days  did  not  offer  very  high  or  very  extended  courses 
of  study;  and  withal,  such  offers  as  they  did  make  did  not 
imply  that  very  much  of  each  year  should  be  consumed  in 
study,  for  farm  lalior  commences  early  in  the  year  and  con- 
tinues late.  Such  opportunities  as  were  offered,  however, 
were  made  the  most  of  in  this  case.  When  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age  John  was  “ given  his  time”  by  his  father,  and 
then  he  began  in  very  serious  earnest  to  obtain  the  educa- 
tion he  had  early  determined  to  procure.  He  taught  school 
that  he  might  earn  money,  and  then,  the  money  earned,  he 
spent  it  in  the  prosecution  of  liberal  studies  under  the  best 
auspices  within  his  reach.  He  had  entered  Franklin  Col- 
lege, Oiiio,  and  for  five  years,  by  this  .system  of  alternate 
teaching  and  attendance  upon  school,  he  maintained  himself 
in  that  institution,  and  in  September,  1828,  he  graduated 
from  the  college  with  honors.  He  had  decided  upon  the 
law  as  his  future  profession,  and  in  January,  1829,  he  com- 
menced his  legal  studies  under  Hon.  Joseph  Dana,  of 
Athens,  Ohio.  Excessive  study  and  sedentary  h abits  im- 
paired his  health  long  before  his  course  of  .stiuly  had  been 
completed,  and  for  a time  it  seemed  that  his  cheiished  ]Hir- 
pose  of  becoming  a lawyer  must  be  abandoned.  His  physi,- 
cian  assured  him  that  the  surest  means  of  restoring  his  broken 
health  was  to  resume  the  active  and  laborious  habits  of  his 


early  life.  He  determined  to  act  at  once  upon  this  assur- 
ance, and  accordingly  he  engaged  in  attending  a saw  and 
grist-mill.  This  engagement  offered  a double  advantage. 
It  not  only  promised  to  bring  back  the  departed  health,  but 
would  also  reinforce  in  a very  desirable  manner  the  finances 
of  the  young  student,  and  they  were  in  need  of  reinforce- 
ment. The  mill  work  did  not  come  altogether  as  an  inter- 
ruption of  the  legal  studies  either,  and  it  is  .said  that  the 
studious  mill-hand  would  “ set  the  saw  and  then  read  Black- 
stone  while  it  was  running  through  the  log.”  Be  this  as  it 
may,  he  continued  his  legal  studies  in  connection  with  his 
mill  work.  And  so,  while  he  was  gaining  new  health  and 
renewing  his  store  of  needful  money,  he  was  also  drawing 
nearer  to  the  object  of  his  endeavors.  He  continued  thus 
to  work  and  study  until  1833,  and  in  the  meantime  he  had 
taken  a wife,  marrying  Martha  Starr,  daughter  of  Captain 
James  Starr,  formerly  of  Connecticut,  but  at  this  time  a resi- 
dent of  Ohio.  This  marriage  took  place  soon  after  he  en- 
gaged in  the  milling  business,  and  on  the  3d  of  June,  1833, 
when  he  gave  up  that  business,  his  family  consisted  of  a wife 
and  two  children.  With  this  family  he  removed  to  the 
town  of  Athens,  where  he  established  his  residence,  and 
where  he  has  ever  since  continued  to  reside.  In  the  month 
of  November  of  the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His  prac- 
tice grew  rapidly,  and  he  was  soon  established  as  a pros- 
perous lawyer,  with  import.ant  and  laborious  work  always 
on  his  hands.  He  brought  to  the  practice  of  his  profe.ssion 
the  same  ability,  diligence,  energy  and  fidelity  th.at  had 
marked  his  preparatory  career,  and  they  are  qualities  which 
win  ready  recognition  and  yield  material  results.  In  his 
case  they  were  recognized  and  yielded  results  outside  the 
immediate  circle  of  his  profession.  In  1845  he  was  elected 
a member  of  the  St.ate  Senate  of  Ohio,  and  served  a term 
of  two  years  in  that  body.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress as  the  successor  of  Hon.  Samuel  F.  Vinton.  During 
his  term  the  Congressional  District  from  which  he  was 
elected  was  changed,  and  in  consequence  of  this  fact  he 
failed  of  re-election  in  1852.  During  his  sitting  in  the 
National  Legislature  he  made  two  important  speeches,  one 
on  the  Tariff,  and  the  other  on  the  Public  Land  Question. 
Both  were  able,  thorough,  and  marked  by  the  clear  sagacity 
and  the  str.aightforward  honesty  that  characterize  the  man. 
The  speech  on  the  Public  I.and  Question  attained  the  honor 
ofa  jHiblication  in  full  in  the  columns  of  the  A'aiional  Jn- 
telligcnrcr  of  Washington.  In  the  yestr  1S52  he  served  as  a 
Delegate  in  the  Baltimore  Convention  which  nominated 
General  Winfield  Scott  for  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  in  1S56  he  was  a member  of  the  Pllectoral  College 
which  cast  the  vote  of  Ohio  for  John  C.  Fremont.  In  1862 
he  was  called  from  the  liar  to  the  bench.  In  February  of 
that  year  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  He  sat  U|)on  the  bench  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court 
until  February,  1865,  when  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  vice  Hon.  Rufus  P.  Ranney,  resigned.  He 


'H.  - ■ 


1 


/ 


liSRit  t!  . 


A J 


■Eng  fly  &E  Per'®® 


RIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


77 


has  remained  upon  the  Supreme  bench  ever  since,  having 
been  re-elected  to  the  position  three  limes.  His  present 
term  will  e.xpire  in  Eebruary,  1878.  Soon  after  his  election 
as  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  his  Alma  Mater,  Eranklin 
College,  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D. 
He  announces  the  purpose  of  retiring  from  public  and  offi- 
cial life  at  the  expiration  of  his  present  term  as  judge,  and 
if  faithful  labor,  well  performed,  earns  the  privilege  of  rest, 
it  h:s  surely  earned  it  in  his  case. 


(OERLEIN,  CHRISTIAN,  Manufacturer  of  Lager 
Beer,  was  born  in  Truppach,  Bavaria,  May  13th, 
1818,  and  is  the  son  of  Conrad  Moerlein.  After 
attending  the  village  school  until  he  had  attained 
his  thirteenth  year,  he  learned  the  trade  of  black- 
smithing,  and  engaged  in  firming  with  his  father. 
His  uncle  being  a brewer,  he  obtained  a knowledge  of  the 
brewing  business,  which  proved  ultimately  to  be  of  great 
.service  to  him.  At  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  life  on 
his  own  resources  as  a bkacksmith,  and  during  the  succeed- 
ing five  years  worked  in  that  capacity  foi  a Prussian  dollar 
per  week.  Later,  with  a hundred  guilders  given  him  by 
his  father,  he  started  on  foot  to  Bremen,  with  his  tools  and 
knapsack,  and  after  travelling  a distance  of  three  hundred 
miles,  reached  his  destination  in  safety.  On  St.  John’s  day 
the  ship  “ Rebecca  ” was  in  port,  and  advertised  to  sail 
within  three  weeks  for  America.  While  awaiting  its  de- 
parture he  worked  at  his  tr.ide,  and  thus  secured  sufficient 
money  to  enable  him  to  defray  his  passage  expenses.  After 
a journey  of  fifty-eight  days,  he  arrived  at  Baltimore  with  a 


c.ash  capital  of  twelve  dollars,  out  of  which  sum  he  paid 
eight  dollars  for  a passage  by  canal  and  rail  to  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania.  But  failing  to  secure  work  in  this  place,  he 
started  on  foot  for  Wheeling,  succeeding,  however,  in  find- 
ing employment  at  Hendricksburg,  Belmont  county,  Ohio, 
at  seven  dollars  per  month  including  board,  which  salary 
was  increased  afterward  to  fi.^teen  dollars  per  month.  He 
landed  in  Cincinnati  in  1842,  where  he  was  employed  first 
in  digging  a cellar  at  fifty  cents  per  day.  In  the  following 
October  he  commenced  business  for  himself  on  Finley  street, 
and  in  1853  sold  his  blacksmith  shop,  and  formed  a co- 
partnership with  .Vdam  Dillman,  in  connection  with  whom 
he  erected  a small  brewery.  March  ist  of  the  same  year 
the  partner.i  sold  their  first  beer.  A.  Dillman  dying  in  the 
ensuing  May,  he  conducted  the  business  alone  for  one 
month,  and  then  formed  a partnership  with  Conrad  W’in- 
disch,  a competent  brewer.  In  1855  the  manufacture  of 
common  beer  was  abandoned,  and  that  of  lager  beer  ini- 
tiated. During  the  winter  of  this  year  the  product  was 
about  2000  barrels,  while,  in  1866,  26,500  barrel's  were 
brewed.  In  September  of  the  latter  year  he  purchased,  for 
the  sum  of  8130,000,  the  entire  interests  of  his  partner,  and 
two  years  afterward  erected  the  main  building  of  his  present 


works.  To  the  nine  cellars  then  constructed,  with  a capac- 
ity of  9000  barrels,  he  has  added  four  additional  ones  w hich, 
with  the  main  structure,  give  a total  capacity  of  150,000 
barrels.  The  building  is  225  feet  by  1 10,  and  four  stories 
in  height.  In  1872  ten  other  cellars  were  built,  with  a 
capacity  of  1000  barrels  each,  making  a total  capacity  of 

35.000  barrels.  He  has  floor  room  for  125,000  bushels  of 
barley,  and  his  cooperage  is  done  on  the  premises.  He  em- 
ploys constantly  a force  of  from  80  to  100  men,  while  from 
35  to  50  horses  are  required  to  do  the  hauling  for  the  estab- 
lishment. In  1864  he  erected  three  large  houses  on  the 
corner  of  Fifteenth  and  Elm  streets,  under  which  he  built 
two  cellars  capable  of  storing  about  3000  barrels  of  beer. 
From  1866,  when  his  sales  amounted  to  about  25,000  barrels, 
down  to  the  present  time,  his  annual  increase  has  been  about 

19.000  barrels.  The  sales  of  1872  amounted  to  over  40,000 
barrels ; tbe  sales  of  the  current  year  amount  to  over  70,000 
barrels.  His  extraordinary  success  is  due  mainly  to  inflex- 
ible integrity,  unusual  financial  abilities,  and  a thorough 
knowledge  of  all  the  details  connected  with  his  vast  business. 
His  superb  mansion,  16S  Mulberry  street,  Cincinnati,  is  one 
of  the  noted  ornaments  of  the  city.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Water  Works.  July  4lh,  1873, 
the  first  building,  insured  as  a malt  house,  fell  from  the 
weight  of  grain,  over  20,000  bushels  of  malt  being  stored 
there.  A new  one  was  then  immediately  erected,  at  a cost 
of  over  880,000,  with  a capacity  of  loo,oco  bushels.  He 
was  manied  in  1843  to  Sophia  Adam,  formerly  of  Strausburg, 
France,  who  died  during  the  cholera  season  of  1849,  leaving 
three  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  the  same  year,  and 
another  in  1853.  John  Moerlein,  the  surviving  child,  is  now 
engaged  in  business  with  his  father.  He  was  again  married, 
in  the  fall  of  1849,  to  Barbara  Ochalso,  a native  of  Bavaria, 
by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now 
living.  George  Moerlein  and  Jacob  Moerlein,  by  his  second 
wife,  and  John,  by  his  first  wife,  are  now  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  him. 


^GGLESTON,  HON.  BENJAMIN,  Merchant,  Leg- 
islator and  Newspaper  Broprietor,  was  born  at 
Corinth,  Saratoga  county.  New  York,  January  3d, 
1816.  He  grew  up  and  was  educated  in  that 
historic  locality,  but  in  1831  his  parents  removed 
to  Hocking  county,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in 
commercial  pursuits,  and  was  connected  for  some  years  with 
the  business  of  the  Ohio  Canal,  then  the  sole  means  of 
transportation  from  the  Ohio  river  to  the  great  Lakes.  He 
removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1845,  and  associated  with  James 
Wilson,  a leading  merchant  of  that  city.  The  firm  of  James 
Wilson  & Co.  continued  their  successful  career  until  the 
death  of  James  Wilson  in  1867,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  sons,  and  the  style  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Wilson, 
Eggleston  & Co.,  which  still  holds  the  prestige  and  reputa- 
tion it  has  so  lom^  sustained.  He  has  been  identified  a\'ith 


78 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


nearly  every  measure  for  the  promotion  of  the  public  weal, 
during  the  twenty -five  years  of  residence  in  the  Queen  City, 
and  has  been  the  recipient  of  unusual  marks  of  esteem  from 
his  fellow-citizens.  Among  other  positions  of  trust  and  ^ 
honor,  he  has  been  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Public  Im-  | 
provements,  Chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee,  President 
of  Council,  State  Senator,  and  Representative  in  Congress.  , 
The  coal  famine  of  1857  occurred  during  his  term  as  Chair-  j 
m.rn  of  the  Finance  Committee,  and  with  his  usual  humanity 
and  energy  he  proceeded  to  secure  an  appropriation  of  ^ 
$100,000  to  relieve  the  distressed,  whicli  he  obtained  despite 
the  most  determined  opposition  of  interested  parties,  and  re-  ; 
duced  the  price  of  coal  from  eighty  cents  to  twenty-five 
cents  per  bushel.  In  1863  there  occurred  a repetition  of  ' 
this  circumstance,  and  again  our  subject  became  the  cham- 
]Mon  of  the  oppressed,  and  secured  a like  appropriation,  ! 
thus  averting  the  threatened  calamity.  Again  during  the  j 
prostration  of  all  branches  of  industry  incident  to  the  out- 
break of  the  war  of  rebellion,  when  the  families  of  men 
who  had  gone  forth  in  response  to  their  country’s  call 
were  left  dependent  upon  those  who  remained  at  home,  he 
devoted  himself  assiduously  to  the  succor  of  these  women 
and  hapless  innocents  from  their  impending  peril,  and  hav- 
ing secured  an  appropriation  of  $100,000  from  Council,  he 
was  privileged  to  disburse  to  some  3700  families  the  means 
to  preserve  them  from  actual  want  until  employment  could 
be  obtained.  During  his  official  term  in  the  Senate,  a bill 
was  presented  in  January,  1S62,  levying  a tax  of  three- 
quarters  of  a mill  for  the  relief  of  the  families  of  Ohio  vol- 
unteers. Opposition  was  made,  and  in  the  warm  discussion 
which  followed  he  took  a leading  part,  and  urged  its  pas- 
sage in  his  usual  elociuent  and  forcible  style,  winning  high 
encomiums  from  the  loyal  press  for  his  unflinching  patriot- 
ism. It  was  due  to  his  efforts,  too,  that  the  Legislature 
ceded  to  Cincinnati  that  portion  of  the  canal  extending  from 
Broadway  to  the  Ohio  river,  and  City  Council  appropriately 
recognized  this  service  by  unanimously  naming  it  Eggleston 
avenue,  in  accordance  with  a suggestion  coming  from  the 
Legislature.  In  1864  his  name  was  brought  before  the 
Republican  Convention  of  the  First  District  for  the  Congres- 
sional nomination,  as  the  competitor  of  the  late  Hon.  Sal- 
mon P.  Chase,  and,  having  been  nominated,  defeated  his 
Democratic  opponent,  Hon.  George  E.  Pugh,  by  over  3000 
majority,  though  the  district  had  been  consiilered  Demo- 
cratic. Being  unanimously  renominated  in  1866,  he  was 
triumphantly  re  elected  over  Hon.  George  11.  Pendleton. 
His  career  in  Congress  was  characterized  by  the  same  fear- 
less ability  which  he  had  exhibited  in  the  discharge  of  his 
other  official  duties.  He  drew  and  obtained  the  passage  of 
the  bill  making  Cincinnati  a p n t of  entry,  and  secured  the 
first  national  appropriation  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Louis- 
ville Canal.  During  the  impeachment  of  Andrew  Johnson 
he  stood  firmly  by  his  conviction  of  right  and  justice,  and 
throughout  his  career  was  the  arduous  su|)porterof  measures 
to  secure  the  back  pay  of  soldiers  and  the  pensions  of  the 


widows  and  orphans  of  those  who  had  sacrificed  their  lives 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union.  He  was  renominated 
by  the  Republicans  in  1868,  and  though  his  Democratic  op- 
ponent, Gen.  Peter  \V.  Strader,  bore  off  the  palm  of  victory, 
he  did  not  cease  his  efforts  for  the  iiromotion  of  the  interests 
of  his  former  constituency,  and  by  his  influence  at  Wa.shing- 
ton  prevented  the  obstruction  of  navigation  on  the  Ohio  by 
the  erection  of  a low  bridge,  the  company  being  required  to 
build  it  one  hundred  feet  above  low  water  mark.  He  was 
largely  interested  in  the  Cincinnati  LIuonicle,  previous  to  its 
purchase  of  the  Cincinnati  Times  in  1872,  and  consequently 
became  a heavy  stockholder  in  the  Times  Company,  of 
which  he  was  elected  President  on  its  organization.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  Board  of  Councihnen  in  1S75,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, being  one  of  its  representatives  to  the  National  Board 
of  Trade.  He  is  still  engaged  in  active  business,  where  his 
sterling  worth  and  integrity  have  won  for  him  the  un(|uali- 
fieil  esteem  of  his  business  associates.  His  intercourse  with 
his  fellow-men  is  characterized  by  that  frank  and  generous 
manner  that  leaves  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  any  as  to  his 
re.il  feeling.;  and  motives.  He  was  married  in  1837  to  L. 
M.  Wagar,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  who  deceased  in  1S64, 
leaving  him  two  children.  In  April,  1867,  he  married  Mary 
E.,  daughter  of  the  late  John  11.  Davis,  of  Cincinnati,  and 
this  union  has  been  sealed  by  the  birth  of  four  children. 


A.SE,  HON.  OAKLEY,  Lawyer,  ex-Judge,  Jour- 
nalist, Representative  in  the  Sixtieth  and  Sixty- 
first  General  Assemblies  of  Ohio,  now  Chief  Clerk 
in  the  Ohio  Department  of  State,  was  born  in 
Hartford,  Hartford  county,  Connecticut,  Tunc  29th, 
1824.  He  is  the  .son  of  Amlrrose  Case  and  Esther 
(Chapman)  Case.  He  was  educated  preliminarily  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  county;  also,  fora  term,  in  the 
Granville  College  and  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens,,  his 
parents  having  removed  with  him  to  this  State  in  1840,  set- 
tling in  Hocking  county.  On  the  completion  of  his  course 
of  studies,  he  found  employment  in  the  printing-office  of  the 
Hocking  Sentinel.  In  1845  he  became  the  owner  by  pur- 
chase of  this  journal,  and  during  the  following  thirteen 
years  was  its  publisher  and  editor.  The  Sentinel  was  con- 
ducted as  a weekly  paper,  and  was  Democratic  in  its  politics. 
In  i860  he  was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Hocking  county, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  for  six  years,  two  terms.  In 
l856,  having  read  law  while  holding  the  Probate  Judgeshi|>, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  at  once  entered  on  the  prac- 
tice of  his  jirofession  in  Hocking  county.  During  1868  and 
1869  he  officiated  as  Mayor  of  Logan,  the  county-seat,  and 
in  1871  was  elected  to  the  House  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
and  in  1873  re-elected  to  the  same  position.  In  the 
following  year  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  House  in  order  to 
accept  the  office  of  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Ohio  Department  of 


lUOGRAPIIICAL  EN'CYCLOREDIA. 


79 


State,  whose  attendant  duties  he  performs  with  unexception- 
able ability.  He  was  married,  January  21st,  1S45,  to  Mar- 
garet A.  James,  of  Hocking  county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has 
had  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 


ORCHARD,  HON.  MATHEW,  Judge  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Ohio,  President  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  the  Third  Circuit  under  the 
old  Ohio  Constitution,  and  Solicitor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  and  of  the  General  Land  Office 
at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  was  born  in 
Peckct,  Massachusetts,  January  19th,  1804.  His  parents 
were  Nathan  and  Mercy  (.Ashley)  Pirchard,  and  he  was  the 
seventh  of  ten  children  born  to  them.  The  family  is  of 
English  extraction,  the  founder  of  the  line  in  America, 
Thomas  Birchard,  having  arrived  in  Boston  from  London, 
September  19th,  1635,  with  his  wife  and  six  children.  His 
only  son,  John,  became  one  of  thirty-five  proprietors  of  a 
tract  of  eighty-one  square  miles  of  Indian  lands  in  Connect- 
icut, embracing  the  county  of  New  London  and  the  towns 
of  Norwich  and  Saybrook.  Pie  left  a numerous  progeny, 
through  whom  the  name  became  widely  extended.  A large 
number  of  his  descendants  are  now  residents  of  Ohio.  Judge 


Birchard’s  parents  removed  to  the  Western  Reserve  in  1812, 
and  settled  in  Portage  county,  where  his  father  became  one 
of  the  original  proprietors  of  Windham  township.  Judge 
Birchard  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  that  early 
period,  and  for  a few  terms  in  academies  at  Boston  and 
Warren.  He  studied  medicine  for  a short  time,  but  finally 
discarded  it,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  commenced  to  read 
law  under  the  direction  of  General  Roswell  .Stone,  of 
Warren.  During  this  preparation  for  the  bar  he  taught 
school  during  the  winter  seasons.  In  1828  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  at  once  entered  upon  practice  with  David 
Tod,  afterwards  Governor  of  the  State,  but  at  that  time  a 
young  lawyer  with  distinction  yet  to  be  earned.  In  1832 
Mr.  Birch.\rd  was  elevated  to  the  Common  Pleas  bench, 
and  in  1836  received  the  appointment  of  .Solicitor  for  the 
General  Land  Office  of  the  United  .States  at  Washington, 
and  for  five  years  filled  this  responsible  station.  During  the 
latter  portion  of  this  term  he  was  honored  with  the  additional 
appointment  of  Solicitor  for  the  United  States  Treasury,  to 
succeed  Henry  D.  Gilpin.  In  1841  he  returned  to  War- 
ren and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  his  old 
|)aitner,  Mr.  Tod,  but  in  the  following  winter  he  was  elected 
to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  f)hio.  Though  pos- 
sessing qualities  to  adorn  public  life.  Judge  Birchard  has 
seldom  been  before  the  people  for  office.  While  absent 
from  home  in  1856  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  as  a can- 
didate for  Congress  against  Jo.shua  R.  Giddings.  Though 
defeated.  Judge  Birchard,  who  had  been  a life-long  Demo- 
crat, succeeded  in  a strong  Whig  district  in  greatly  reduc- 
ing the  majority  of  his  popular  and  celebrated  opponent  be- 


low the  usual  average  given  to  the  Whig  tickets.  Under 
similar  circumstances  he  was  nominated  for  the  Ohio  As- 
sembly, and  in  this  smaller  field  his  personal  popularity 
secured  his  election  against  overwhelming  odds.  He  is 
generally  recognized  as  a man  of  liberal  and  progressive 
ideas,  and  his  influence  and  support  has  been  given  to  every 
enterprise  aiming  to  i.nprove  the  public  welfare.  Lor  many 
years  he  was  Chief  Solicitor,  and  subsequently  a Director, 
of  the  Atlantic  & Great  Western  Railroad  Company.  In 
1867  he  purchased  the  ITarm!  Cons/i/ii/ion,  a.  jomnal  whi.di 
he  has,  in  connection  with  his  only  son,  since  conducted. 
In  1S41  he  married  Jane  Elizabeth  Weaver,  of  I’rincc  Wil- 
liams county,  Virginia,  daughter  of  Captain  William  A. 
Weaver  of  the  United  States  navy.  Seven  children  were 
born  to  them,  only  two  of  whom  survive  ; Jane,  the  daughter, 
is  the  wife  of  Lrank  11.  Mason,  editor  of  the  Ckvcland 
Leader.  William  A.,  (he  son,  is  associated  with  his  father 
in  the  management  of  the  Warren  Constilutiim.  He  served 
two  years  and  a half  as  Master’s  Mate  anel  Ensign  in  the 
United  States  navy  under  Admiral  Porter. 


■’^'^'OLLIN,  ADAM  G.,  Lawyer,  ex-Mayor  of  ki]dey, 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Ripley,  Brown  county,  Ohio, 
October  loth,  1834.  He  is  the  son  of  Thomas 
W.  Collin  anti  Sarah  G.  Collin.  His  grandfather, 
Nathaniel  Collin,  was  one  of  the  earlier  pioneers 
and  settlers  of  Cfiiio.  His  father  was  one  of  seven 
who  voted  the  Abolition  ticket  in  Brown  county  in  i8qo, 
and  his  house  was  for  many  years  the  principal  depot  of  the 
“ under-ground  railway,”  and  once  there  the  fugitive  Was  in 
safe  (.piarters.  There  the  lacerated  and  fealing  slave  was 
sheltered  and  nurtured  ; and  thence  on  a favorable  occasion 
was  transferred  swiftly  and  silently  to  the  Canadian  border. 
His  mother  was  a daughter  of  Rev.  James  Gilliland,  an  early 
settler,  and  one  of  the  first  Presbyterian  ministers,  having 
settled  at  Red  Oak,  Brown  county,  in  1805.  His  earlier 
education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  located  in 
the  vicinity  of  his  home.  On  the  completion  of  his  allotted 
course  of  studies  he  was  placed  to  learn  the  carpentering 
trade,  but  after  working  at  it  for  several  years,  when  en- 
deavoring to  save  a neighbor’s  house  while  a prey  to  the 
flames,  fell  from  its  roof  and  received  a severe  sprain  in  the 
back,  which  compelled  him  ultimately  to  turn  his  attention 
to  another  avenue  of  labor.  Being  endowed  naturally  with 
considerable  oratorical  jioAvers,  his  friends  induced  him  to 
enter  the  political  arena,  and,  after  filling  various  minor 
municipal  offices,  he  received  in  1861  the  aiipointment  of 
Deputy  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Southern  District  of 
Ohio.  The  occupation  of  this  position  drew  down  tqion 
him  the  bitterest  denunciations  of  the  Democratic  press,  and 
thus  he  was  brought  more  prominently  before  the  public, 
particularly  in  the  Sixth  Congressional  District.  He  steadily 
refrained  from  making  any  arrests  for  disloyalty  except 


8o 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


throu<Th  the  orders  of  his  superior  officers,  and  on  account 
of  refusing  to  act  without  the  sanction  of  such  authority  was 
often  denounced  by  those  who  would  not  or  could  not  recog- 
nize the  fact,  that  for  any  illegal  arrest  made  he  was  liable  to 
suits  for  heavy  damages.  One  arrest  made,  moreover,  un- 
der an  order  issued  by  E.  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War, 
involved  him  in  a suit  which  cost  him  several  hundreds  of 
dollars.  And  on  this  occasion  those  impetuous  Unionists 
who  had  been  foremost  in  urging  him  to  a harsh  exercise  of 
his  authority  then  stood  aloof  from  him  and  refused  to  sanc- 
tion publicly  his  course.  That  case  occupied  the  attention 
of  tlie  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  of  the  District  Court  and  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  about  seven  years  ; and  the  suit 
was  only  abandoned  on  account  of  the  inability  of  the  at- 
torneys for  the  prosecution  to  secure  from  their  client  the 
reipiired  fee.  He  afterward  acted  in  the  capacity  of  Dep- 
uty Provost  Marshal  of  the  Sixth  Congressional  District  of 
Ohio,  where  his  heretofore  political  opponents  became  his 
personal  enemies,  and,  residing  at  the  time  in  Brown  county, 
a place  not  then  more  loyal  than  South  Carolina  or  Alabama, 
he  had  many  narrow  escapes  from  death.  On  one  occasion 
an  order  was  received  to  arrest  a certain  deserter  hiding  in 
the  woods  near  Arnheim  and  New  Hope.  The  fellow  it 
was  known  was  constantly  armed  with  a .short  rifle,  and  was 
one  of  the  marauders  who  infested  the  underbrush  of  the 
neighborhood.  After  much  trouble — for  the  citizens  in 
general  constituted  a regularly  organized  company,  avow- 
edly formed  for  the  purpose  of  resisting  the  draft  and  de- 
fending all  deserters — he  succeeded,  with  his  two  guards,  in 
tracking  the  deserter  to  the  house  of  a noted  desperado, 
living  in  a wild  and  uninhabited  .spot.  Here  he  was  con- 
fronted by  three  men,  two  of  whom  were  armed;  the  other, 
however,  returned  hastily  to  the  log  shanty  and  ran  for  his 
rifle.  This  was  the  one  “ wanted  ; ” the  Marshal  sprang 
upon  him,  wrenched  away  the  ascending  weapon,  and  in- 
stantly was  engaged  with  him  in  a hand-to-hand  combat, 
the  guards  during  this  exciting  time  restraining  the  other 
two  scoundrels  by  keeping  a steady  aim  on  them  with 
their  revolvers.  Finally  one  of  his  guards  ran  to  his  assist- 
ance, and  before  the  comrades  of  the  desperado  could  come 
to  his  aid  had  mastered  and  handcuffed  him.  On  another 
occasion  he  was  advised  of  two  deserters  who  regularly  at- 
tended the  drill  of  the  disloyal  company  referred  to,  thinking 
themselves  secure  with  an  entire  military  organization  to  be- 
friend them.  With  his  usual  guard  of  two  men.  Captain  J. 
II.  Shaw  and  J.  O.  Carr,  he  set  out  to  capture  these  men. 
"When  within  one  mile  of  the  rendezvous  they  were  warned 
of  impending  peril,  and  advised  to  return.  Undaunted, 
however,  they  proceeded  on  their  way,  and  as  they  entered 
Arnheim,  were  met  by  an  armed  squad,  which  was  passed 
in  silence.  A passing  actpiaintance  then  informed  him  that 
one  of  the  deserters  was  in  the  company  which  had  entered 
the  woods  adjoining  the  town.  Acting  at  once  on  the  in- 
formation, he  retraced  his  steps;  found  the  entire  company 
in  the  woodland,  the  butts  of  their  guns  resting  on  the 


ground ; placed  Shaw  on  his  riglU  and  Carr  in  the  rear;  and 
finding  the  man  needed  at  head-quarters,  slapped  him  on 
the  back;  forced  him  to  give  up  his  gun,  and  led  him  away 
a prisoner,  while  his  scores  of  friends  looked  on  in  silence, 
overpowered  by  the  cool  daring  of  the  Marshal  and  his  faith- 
ful guards.  The  other  deserter  he  was  told  “ was  at  a but- 
ternut picnic,  about  two  miles  below  Russelville.”  Thither 
he  went,  found  over  three  hundred  persons  assembled,  coolly 
arre.sted  the  second  deserter,  and  before  the  crow'd  thoroughly 
comprehended  proceedings  had  marched  him  away  to  a 
place  of  safety.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  studied 
law  with  G.  Bamback,  of  Ripley,  Ohio,  and,  September 
30th,  1867,  was  admitted  to  practise  in  Georgetown,  Brown 
county,  Ohio.  In  1871  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Ripley,  and  while  serving  in  this  capacity  distinguished  him- 
self by  his  severe  rectitude  and  inflexible  impartiality  in  all 
matters  connected  with  his  administration.  During  his 
Mayoralty  he  was  mobbed  at  one  time  by  those  interested 
in  the  liquor  traffic,  for  alleged  undue  harshness  in  dealing 
with  their  interests ; and  the  jail  was  broken  open  and  many 
prisoners  released.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office 
he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  there  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  No.  6 West  Fourth  street.  He  has  now  an  exten- 
sive practice,  and  is  recognized  as  a legal  practitioner  of 
sterling  merits  and  ability.  Politically  he  was  primarily  a 
“ Free-Soiler,”  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  .Salmon  P.  Chase 
for  Governor  of  Ohio.  He  then  until  1872  voted  the  Re- 
publican ticket,  since  which  time  he  has  voted  independently, 
with  little  or  no  regard  for  party  principles  or  partisan  issues. 

«TRAIGHT,  HON.  SEYMOUR,  Merchant,  Philan- 
thropist, was  born  in  Charlotte,  Chittenden  county, 
Vermont,  P'ebruary  4th,  1816.  When  he  was  two 
years  of  age  his  parents  moved  into  the  wilderness 
of  western  New  York.  Here  in  later  years  he 
worked  on  the  paternal  farm,  and  in  the  winter  • 
months  pursued  a course  of  elementary  studies  in  the  neigh- 
boring log  school-house.  Dissatisfied  with  the  meagre  edu- 
cation thus  acquired,  he  jtrocured  desirable  books  and  ap- 
plied himself  earnestly  to  the  agreeable  task  of  increasing 
his  store  of  learning.  At  the  completion  of  his  day’s  labor 
on  the  farm  he  invariably  spent  a considerable  portion  of 
the  night  in  poring  over  his  books,  and  was  not  seldom  com- 
pelled to  walk  to  and  fro  in  his  chamber  to  prevent  being 
overcome  by  sleep.  Thus  was  laid  the  foundation  of  a 
varied  and  thorough  education,  and  thus  also  was  strength- 
ened those  peculiar  traits  of  character  which  were  displayed 
in  after  life.  From  western  New  York  his  father’s  family 
removed  in  1836  to  northeastern  Ohio.  Here,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one,  he  became  a teacher  in  the  public  schools,  in 
which  avocation  he.  was  engaged  for  several  years.  In  July, 
1845,  he  moved  to  Cincinnati  and  took  a thoroi^^h  course 
of  business  education  in  Baitlctt’s  Commercial  College. 


i 


u 


4ft  o 


r.  I ( )( ; K A I ’ 1 1 1 C A L E AX  V C l.( ) r.  !•:  D I A . 


Si 


After  the  coniplehon  of  this  course,  being  unable  to  obtain  | 
a fair  position  in  a mercantile  house,  he  returned  to  his 
former  [)rofession  of  teaching  in  Amelia,  Clermont  county, 
Ohio.  While  in  that  school  he  was  befriended  by  Andrew 
Coombs,  who  gave  him  a jiosition  in  a store  at  Cincinnati 
in  which  he  owned  a large  interest.  After  several  years’ 
experience,  at  low  wages,  he  borrowed  a few  hundreds  of 
dollars,  [uly  1st,  1851,  and  established  himself  in  the  pro- 
duce commission  business.  The  borrowed  money,  with  the 
friendshi])  of  Western  Reserve  shippers  and  the  confidence 
of  the  Cincinnati  business  men  who  knew  him,  was  then  his 
sole  capital  in  trade.  Elis  rapid  success  shortly  after  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  Judge  William  S.  Deming,  who,  in 
October,  1852,  became  his  partner  and  furnished  needed  cap- 
ital. Since  that  date  “ Straight,  Deming  cc  Co.”  has  been  a 
familiar  firm-name  throughout  this  section  of  the  country. 
At  the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  partnership  Cincinnati 
had  become  the  great  distributing  point  for  cheese  for  the 
Western  and  Southern  markets;  Judge  Deming  was  then  an 
extensive  cheese  dealer  in  Ashtabula  county,  thus  his  asso- 
ciate’s Western  Reserve  acquaintance  became  a highly  val  li- 
able accessory.  Fidelity  to  the  interests  of  his  patrons  and 
strict  attention  to  business  soon  brought  in  a large  trade, 
which  finally  outgrew  the  capacities  of  the  house;  in  1857 
James  McFarlan  was  admitted  as  a partner;  and  in  1S62 
the  business  was  removed  to  44  Vine  street,  its  present  lo- 
cality. During  this  year  A.  C.  Baldwin  also,  who  had  been 
engaged  in  the  establishment  for  several  years,  was  admitted 
into  partnership,  and  the  original  member  went  to  A’ew  Or- 
leans, Fouisiana,  to  open  there  another  business  house,  and 
also  in  order  to  look  after  the  firm’s  interests,  as  large  sums  of 
money  were  then  due  him  and  his  associates  in  the  Southern 
States,  and  the  rebellion  was  assuming  ominous  aspects. 
After  the  occupancy  by  General  Butler  of  New  Orleans, 
when  avenues  for  trade  with  the  N^orth  were  opened,  he 
established  the  house  of  McFarlan,  Straight  & Co.  Utterly 
opposed  as  he  was  to  the  doctrines  dearest  to  the  .Southern 
people,  he  was  yet  unwilling  to  identify  himself  with  the 
so-called  Republican  leaders  in  this  city,  and  during  his  slay 
there  was  often  placed  in  peculiar  and  embarrassing  condi- 
tions, both  as  a man  of  business,  as  a loyal  citizen,  and  as  a 
government  official.  In  August,  1867,  he  accepted  an  ap- 
pointment from  General  Sheridan  as  member  of  the  Council 
of  New  Orleans,  a position  which  enabled  him  to  benefit 
materially  many  important  public  and  private  interests.  In 
1 868  he  was  pressed  by  the  leaders  of  the  Warmouth  party  to  j 
accept  the  Mayoralty  of  the  city,  but  positively  declined  to 
accept  the  office.  Twelve  y^ears  prior  to  this  event  he  had  ' 
been  noted  as  a radical  Republican,  and  in  the  exciting  j 
campaign  of  1856  had  taken  an  active  part  in  favor  of  John 
C.  Eremont.  Also  in  l868  he  became  the  nominee  of  the 
Republican  “ bolters”  for  Congress,  but  failed  to  secure  an 
election.  Since  that  lime  he  has  refrained  from  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  iiolitical  movements  of  the  dav,  and  exer- 
cises his  influence  for  or  against  every  office-seeker  without 
1 1 


regard  to  parly.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Chase, 
anil  held  frequent  correspondence  with  him  concerning  the 
war  ])olicy  against  the  South,  also  as  to  the  |)roblem  of  free 
labor  on  the  sugar  jilantations  of  Fouisiana,  and  the  jiressing 
necessity  of  educating  the  freedmen.  Ilis  political  convic- 
tions were  based  on  religious,  humane  and  conscientious 
principles  ; he  was  uncompromisingly  opposed  to  slavery  and 
the  fugitive  slave  law;  and  in  the  contests  before  the  courts 
of  Ohio,  instituted  by  Kentucky  claimants,  appeared  as  one 
of  the  boldest  and  most  generous  defemlersof  the  oiipressed. 
This  course  earned  for  him  the  hatred  of  the  .South,  and 
finally  caused  many  of  the  .Southern  patrons  of  the  house  of 
Straight,  Deming  & Co.  to  put  an  end  to  their  business  re- 
lations with  his  firm.  Not  only  did  these  former  customers 
of  the  house  withdraw  tlieir  patronage,  but  also  on  every 
favorable  occasion  sought  lo  destroy  the  fame  and  prosperity 
of  the  partners.  Those  hostile  proceedings  did  not,  how- 
ever, dampen  his  ardor,  nor  could  they  obstruct  materially 
the  forward  movement  of  his  business  plans.  lie  has  for 
several  years  past  been  withdrawn  from  active  participancy 
in  the  business  of  the  house,  the  man.agement  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati establishment  being  now  wholly  in  the  hands  of  Mc- 
E'arlan  and  Baldwin,  men  of  enviable  business  and  social 
reputation,  who  have  aided  materially  in  establishing  the 
high  standard  of  the  house.  In  1S67,  with  his  son,  W.  B. 
Straight,  he  built  two  cheese  factories  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  a 
fine  town  in  the  Western  Reserve,  and  yearly  continued  to 
buy  or  build  new  factories  until  father  and  son  together  now 
own  and  operate  about  a dozen  cheese  factories,  all  within 
a few  miles  of  Hudson.  The  cheeses  made  by  this  firm  are 
sold  “from  Maine  to  Texas,”  literally;  but  mostly  in  the 
Southern  and  Western  States  after  the  fall  tr.ade  opens.  In 
all  movements  of  an  educational,  benevolent  and  moral 
character  he  has  been  throughout  his  life  an  energetic  and 
efficient  leader  or  co-laborer.  His  appointment  to  a place 
in  the  City  Council  of  New  Orleans  was  due  to  .Sheridan’s 
laudable  desire  to  oust  from  office  disloyal  and  unscrupulous 
politicians,  and  put  in  their  places  men  of  known  probity 
and  courage;  and  while  serving  in  this  body  he  contributed 
in  no  small  measure  to  the  safety  of  the  well-disposed 
citizens.  His  appointment  in  1868  by  the  President  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  as  one  of  a committee  to  visit  the 
cities  of  the  valley  and  the  great  lakes  was  productive  of 
much  good  ; that  committee  was  formed  with  a view  also  to 
investigate  the  improvements  of  the  said  cities,  also  their 
commercial  interests,  the  results  of  which  investigations  were 
to  be  reported  to  the  chamber.  In  New  Orleans  in  1869  a 
body  consisting  of  pnlilic-spirited  men  of  broad  cducalioiml 
views  was  incorporated,  under  the  provisions  irf  the  I.ouis- 
iana  statute,  for  the  jiurpose  of  educational  improvement 
and  reform.  The  corjiornte  name  of  the  institution  fostered 
was,  “The  .Straight  University,”  and  he  was  appointed 
President  of  its  Board  of  Trustees.  “ The  purposes  of  the 
corporation  are  the  education  and  training  of  young  men 
and  women,  irrespective  of  race  or  color,”  and  it  is  under 


82 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOIAEIJIA. 


the  auspices  of  the  American  Missionary  Association.  To 
the  construction  of  the  line  buildings  attached  to  the  uni- 
versity the  h'reedmen’s  Bureau  contributed  material  aid ; 
but  he  in  honor  of  whom  it  was  named  stands  foremost  as 
giver  and  helper.  In  1S72  he  was  elected  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Lelund  University,  an  educational 
institution  which  cherishes  the  same  views  as  those  espoused 
by  Straight,  Atlanta  and  Eisk  Universities;  is  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Baptist  Association,  and  takes  its  name  from 
a famous  Baptist  family.  In  the  same  year  he  w.as  made 
one  of  the  administrators  of  the  Hathaway  House  of  New 
Orleans,  an  institution  designed  as  a home  for  indigent 
colored  people,  and  founded  and  endowed  by  Elisha  Hath- 
aw.ay,  a New  England  philanthropist.  In  1872  also  he  was 
appointed  by  the  National  Committee  for  the  United  States 
a member  of  the  International  Penitentiary  Congress,  to 
assemble  in  London,  England.  This  committee,  composed 
of  the  most  liberal-minded,  capable  and  humane  men  of 
different  nations,  was  assembled  for  the  purpose  of  inaugu- 
rating prison  reforms,  etc.  That  appointment,  however,  he 
was  compelled  to  decline,  and  through  his  request  E.  C. 
Palmer,  of  New  Orleans,  was  appointed  in  his  place  to  rep- 
resent Louisiana  in  the  Congress.  In  1874  he  was  ap- 
])ointed  by  the  Governor  of  Louisiana  a member  of  the 
Board  of  Control  of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege of  that  State;  and  in  1875  received  a second  commis- 
sion, confirmed  by  the  .State  Senate,  making  him  a member 
of  the  same  body.  He  now  has  a business  office  in  New 
Orleans,  and  lives  there  during  one-half  of  each  year.  In 
this  city  he  is  an  esteemed  memher  .and  officer  of  Coliseum 
Place  Baptist  Church,  the  largest  and  finest  church  of  the 
denomination  in  the  .Southwest.  At  the  present  time  he 
possesses  a considerable  fortune,  but  avoids  the  accumula- 
tion of  great  wealth  by  bestowing  all  excesses  over  a com- 
petent income  on  benevolent  and  charitable  objects.  His 
record  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  also  reflects  great 
credit  on  him,  for  although  not  a soldier  in  the  field  he  was 
in  really  more  valuable  capacities  an  indefatig.able  worker. 
He  became  the  support  of  poor  men’s  families,  paid  for  sub- 
stitutes for  the  disabled,  and  fed  and  clothed  the  destitute 
sick  and  wounded.  He  also  sent  his  only  son  into  the  army, 
and  his  cherished  wife  into  the  hospitals  to  succor  the  suf- 
fering soldiers,  paying  for  delicacies  they  greatly  needed 
before  sanitary  supplies  were  received,  and  all  expenses  in- 
curred by  her  in  travelling,  and  for  bo.ard,  etc.,  while  work- 
ing for  months  in  the  sick  wards  of  different  hospitals.  At 
the  battle  of  Cheat  Mountain,  West  Virginia,  Lieutenant 
Straight,  his  son,  was  wounded,  and  it  was  here  that  Mrs. 
■Straight’s  war  record  first  began.  After  heroic  labors  in 
this  section  of  the  country  she  returned  to  Hudson  with  her 
son.  In  1862  Lieutenant  .Straight  having  returned  to  the 
army  in  the  South,  she  again  entered  the  hospitals  at  Nash- 
ville, and  afterward  proceeded  to  Huntsville,  Alabama, 
where  no  Northern  women  had  as  yet  ventured,  and  where 
womanly  services  were  most  needed.  There  she  w.as  in- 


trusted with  the  chief  management  of  the  Calhoun  Hospital, 
where  she  remained  until  rail  communications  were  opened 
and  others  came  to  supply  her  place.  She  then  returned  to 
Nashville,  but  did  not  return  to  ber  home  until  late  in  the 
fall.  She  is  an  active  member  of  her  church,  and  at  one 
time  was  one  of  the  lady  managers  of  the  Hathaw.ay  House 
at  New  Orleans.  He  has  always  been  a firm  friend  to  the 
well-disposed  of  the  South,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war 
was  successfully  instrumental  in  inducing  Congress  to  re- 
lieve I.ouisiar.a  from  the  heavy  taxation  on  sugar;  while  in 
various  other  ways,  too  numerous  to  mention,  he  has  ably 
exerted  his  influence  to  further  the  work  of  reconstruction 
and  lasting  reconciliation.  He  was  married,  April  15th, 
1841,  to  Caroline  .Sibylla  Williams,  a native  of  Greensburgh, 
Trumbull  county,  Vermont. 


PPELLAR,  WILLLAM  .S.,  Deputy  Auditor  of 
Hamilton  County,  Ohio,  was  born,  on  P'ebruary 
23d,  1839,  in  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania, 
being  the  son  of  William  G.  Cappellar,  who 
emigrated  from  Pennsylvania  in  1848  and  located 
upon  a farm  near  Richmond,  Indiana.  During 
the  Presidential  campaign  of-  1852,  being  an  eloquent 
speaker  and  well  versed  in  civil  affairs,  his  father  stumped 
the  State  of  Indiana  for  Franklin  Pierce,  addressing  his 
audiences  in  English  and  German.  He  died  in  the  winter 
of  1852,  leaving  William  S.,  his  only  child,  upon  whom  de- 
volved the  cultivation  and  management  of  the  farm  for  the 
support  of  his  widowed  mother.  He  worked  assiduously 
during  the  spring  and  summer  months,  and  in  the  fall  .and 
winter  attended  school  and  received  an  excellent  elementary 
education.  In  this  employment  he  secured  a robust  aiifi 
vigorous  constitution,  which  in  later  years  has  enabled  him 
to  perform  an  unusually  large  amount  of  public  and  private 
labor.  lie  attended  the  county  lyceums  and  became  an 
able  debater,  acquiring  at  these  meetings  a taste  and  de- 
veloping a fine  talent  for  extempore  speaking.  He  was  ap- 
prenticed to  lion.  D.  P.  Holloway,  then  editor  of  the  A’/W/' 
j/iond  ralladium,  to  learn  the  trade  of  a printer,  but  his 
uncle,  Philip  Dorn,  of  Mount  Ile.althy,  Ohio,  offered  him 
the  opportunity  for  obtaining  a finished  education  at  Farmer’s 
College,  which  he  accepted.  That  gentleman  had  recently 
lost  his  wife,  and  Mrs.  Cappellar  and  her  son  went  to  reside 
with  him.  Mr.  Cappellar  entered  this  institution  and  se- 
cured a very  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  sciences  and 
arts,  and  of  other  branches  requisite  for  a successful  career 
in  life.  Ilis  mother  watched  carefully  over  his  instruction, 
and  his  prosperity  is  due  to  the  .attention  and  care  she  be- 
stowed on  his  e.arly  education.  In  1859  he  married  Lizzie 
Killen,  of  Mount  Healthy,  and  embarked  in  the  dry-goods 
and  grocery  business  at  that  place.  In  1866  he  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster  of  Mount  Healthy,  and  held  that  office 
until  1872.  In  1869  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  Springfield 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


8 


township,  and  also  Clerk  of  the  townsliip  Board  of  Ifduca- 
tion,  and  was  three  times  re-elected.  During  his  leisure 
hours  he  studied  law,  and  thoroughly  qualified  himself  for 
admission  to  the  bar.  lie  soon  opened  an  office  in  the  vil- 
lage and  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  store.  At  this  time 
the  press  of  Cincinnati  were  declaiming  against  the  mis- 
management and  corruption  of  county  officials ; and  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  in  October,  1S71,  appointed  a com- 
mittee of  three  to  investigate  these  charges,  and  Mr.  Cap- 
pellar  was  placed  on  that  committee.  He  discharged  his 
duty  so  faithfully  and  earnestly  as  to  elicit  the  commenda- 
tion of  the  people  and  the  press,  and  the  Legislature  of  the 
State,  acting  upon  the  e.xposilion  of  the  cause  of  these  com- 
plaints made  by  that  committee,  amended  the  laws  pertain- 
ing to  the  compensation  of  county  officials,  by  a bill  known 
as  the  “ Hamilton  county  fee  bill.”  His  quick  perception, 
clearness  of  expression  and  open  and  fearless  advocacy  of 
the  right,  secured  him  a clerkship  with  the  then  County 
Auditor,  Hon.  Walker  M.  Veatman.  In  October,  1873, 
Hon.  Joseph  B.  Humphreys  being  elected  Auditor  of  the 
county,  appointed  Mr.  Cappellnr  his  deputy ; and  that  gentle- 
man being  re-elected  in  October,  1875,  continued  Mr.  Cap- 
pellar  in  his  position,  which  he  now  fills  with  energy  and 
intelligence.  He  has  been  for  many  years  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  contrib- 
uting to  its  publications,  delivering  lectures,  and  in  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  .State  an  able  representative  and  wise  coun- 
sellor. He  is  a gentleman  of  scholarly  and  fine  business 
qualities,  and  has  caused  his  success  in  life  by  industry  and 
talent,  and  by  a courteous  demeanor  toward  those  with 
whom  he  has  come  in  contact. 


OORE,  CORNELIUS,  M.  A.,  Lawyer,  Journalist, 
? ifl  I born  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware  river,  in 

iDi  L Huntington  county.  New  Jersey,  November  23d, 
1806.  He  lived  on  a farm  until  he  had  attained 
^ s)  his  sixteenth  year,  wlien  he  was  apprenticed  to 
learn  the  trade  of  blacksmithing,  at  which  he  was 
engaged  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  During  this 
time,  in  the  intervals  of  labor,  he  attended  the  schools  in 
the  neighborhood  of  his  home,  and  through  tireless  applica- 
tion and  industry  fitted  himself  to  follow  the  vocation  of  a 
te.icher.  He  was  subsequently  engaged  for  about  two  years 
in  teaching,  and  in  1832  removed  to  and  settled  in  Zanes- 
ville, Ohio.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  law.  After 
his  .admission  to  the  bar  he  was  occupierl  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  for  a period  of  several  years.  In  1844  he 
contracted  a di.sease  of  the  throat,  and  was  advised  to  desist 
from  speaking  to  any  great  extent.  In  aceordance  with 
this  counsel,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1845  began 
the  |)ubIication  of  the  Masonic  Ki-i’icso,  a monthly  m.aga/.ine 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  Free  M.asonrv.  He  was  initiated 
in  Lafayette  Lodge,  No.  79,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  in  March, 


1837,  and  in  the  following  year  received  the  capitular  de- 
grees in  the  Zanesville  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  No.  9.  Since 
his  initiation  he  has  been  intimately  identified  \\  ith  the 
order,  and  has  passed  through  the  Couticil  and  Comtnandery 
and  the  different  grades  of  the  Scottish  Rites.  Wheti  he 
began  the  publication  of  the  Masonic  Review  it  was  the  only 
periodical  in  the  West  or  South  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  Free  Masonry,  while  in  the  East  there  was  but  one  other, 
die  Free  Masons'  JMagazine,  published  in  Boston.  He  has 
continued  the  publication  of  the  Review  down  to  the  present 
time,  and  it  is  now  the  oldest  Masonic  journal  in  America. 
F'or  several  years  it  was  contained  in  a single  volume  per 
year,  but  was  subsequently  increased  in  size  until  the  annual 
issue  required  the  publication  of  two  volumes.  The  forty- 
seventh  volume  has  been  published,  and  with  the  fiftieth 
volume  he  proposes  to  free  himself  from  the  labors  connected 
with  its  man.agement.  He  has  written  and  published  the 
following  works  : “ Outlines  of  the  Temple,  or  Masonry  in 
its  Moral  Aspects,”  a volume  of  300  jiages ; “The  Ancient 
Charges  and  Regulations  of  Free  Masonry;  ” also  a “ His- 
tory of  the  Constitutions  and  Authority,”  a volume  of  300 
pages ; “ Leaflets  of  Masonic  Biography,  or  .Sketches  of 
Eminent  F'ree  Masons,”  a volume  of  420  pages.  He  has 
also  compiled  and  prepared  for  the  press  the  “ Craftsman, 
and  Free  Masons’  Guide,”  and  the  “ Templar’s  Text  Book,” 
containing  the  ritual  pertaining  to  the  orders  of  knighthoods. 
In  1859  he  visited  Europe,  and  while  abroad  made  the  tour 
of  England,  Ireland,  Scotland  and  I'rance.  During  his  ab- 
sence the  university  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  M.  A.  He  has  been  twice  married ; first  in 
Easton,  Pennsylvania,  to  Ann  Gano ; and  secondly  to  Kate 
Kirk,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

ra 

0 ^ MITH,  JAMES  M’LAIN,  Editor  of  the  Dayton 
Democrat,  was  born  in  Miami  county,  Ohio,  No- 
vember  4th,  1838.  His  father,  Thomas  ].  .S. 
AojSu,  Smith,  was  a lawyer  of  prominence,  twice  a mem- 
ber  of  the  Legislature,  twice  an  unsuccessful  can- 
diilate  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Attorney 
for  the  Dayton  & Michigan  .Railway  Company,  and  also  its 
President.  His  mother  was  Jane,  daughter  of  Henry  Bacon, 
a lawyer  of  great  ability  and  a mendrer  of  the  Ohio  Legisla- 
ture. Mr.  Smith  graduated  from  the  Miami  University  in 
the  class  of  1S59,  taking  the  valedictory  honor,  and  at  once 
began  the  study  of  law  with  his  father.  He  was  adiidltcd 
to  the  bar  in  1861,  and  practised  for  a short  time,  Init  soon 
gave  u]j  his  jirofession  and  engaged  in  farming  for  a period 
of  eight  years.  In  1867  he  purchased  the  Dayton  F7npirc 
and  converted  it  into  the  Dayton  Ledger ; :.fter  six  months 
he  sold  a half  interest  in  the  concern  to  the  Hon.  C.  L. 
Vallandingham,  and  at  tlie  end  of  a year  sold  his  remaining 
interest  to  John  A.  Cockerele.  In  1S71  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  at  the  end  of 


84 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


his  term  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Dayton,  at  which 
he  continued  until  the  fall  of  1874,  when  the  Dayton  Dem- 
ocrat was  established  and  he  became  its  editor.  At  the  age 
of  thirty-seven  Mr.  Smith  remains  unmarried. 


«TRATTON,  ELDER  WILLIAM  PERRY,  ex- 
Journalist,  etc.,  second  son  of  William  .Stratton 
and  Mary  (Perry)  .Stratton,  was  born  in  Franklin, 
Warren  county,  Ohio,  December  12th,  1807. 
Ills  parents  emigrated  from  New  Jersey  in  1805, 
and  were  married  in  July  of  the  same  year,  on 
their  arrival  in  Cincinnati,  his  father  having  accompanied 
the  parents  of  his  affianced  for  that  purpose.  The  marriage 
ceremony  was  performed  in  a house  made  of  the  flat-boat 
in  which  the  party  had  descended  the  Ohio  river.  Decem- 
ber 24th,  1807,  soon  after  settling  at  Franklin,  his  mother’s 
decease  occurred,  and  on  the  following  day — Christmas — 
he  was  taken  by  his  grandmother  to  Cincinnati,  who  was  to 
him  as  a loving  and  careful  mother.  This  relative,  Martha 
Perry,  was  a Quakeress,  and  the  daughter  of  Captain  Joshua 
1 luddy,  a brave  soldier  of  the  Revolution;  also  mother  of 
Joshua  11.  Perry  and  William  Perry,  both  enterprising  and 
influential  men  during  the  earlier  days  of  Cincinnati.  Ilis 
great-grandfather,  Joshua  Ilucldy,  a native  of  New  Jersey, 
was  one  of  those  Revolutionary  patriots  who  sacrificed  for 
the  welfare  of  their  country  not  only  the  comforts  of  family 
and  home,  but  life  as  well.  P'alling  into  the  hands  of  the 
British,  the  soldiers,  who  were  incensed  at  his  bold  and 
stubborn  opposition  to  the  home  authority  and  British 
aggressions,  hanged  him  while  he  was  under  escort  to  be 
exchanged  for  an  officer  of  his  rank,  llis  early  religious 
training  was  conducted  after  the  fashion  of  the  Friends. 
At  the  early  age  of  thirteen,  however,  he  became  a teacher 
in  a Methodist  Sunday-school,  and  at  this  time  began  the 
change  in  his  religious  feelings.  In  1823  he  commenced 
to  attend  the  preachings  of  lildcr  James  Challen,  of  Enon 
Baptist  Church,  now  Court  .Street  Baptist  Church;  and  in 
1826,  while  the  church  was  temporarily  under  the  care  of 
Elder  James  Ranoldson,  was  by  baptism  admitted  to  regular 
membership.  He  was  present  during  the  memorable 
debate  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  between  Alexan- 
der Campbell  and  Robert  Dale  Owen,  in  1828.  About 
this  time  also  he  attended  the  preachings  of  various  emi- 
nent ministers  of  the  denomination  of  Disciples,  among 
whom  were  John  Smith  and  the  Creaths  of  Kentucky. 
'I'hese  and  other  influences  induced  him,  with  other  Bap- 
tists, in  1830,  to  reject  the  merely  written  creeds  and  take 
the  Bible  only  as  the  rule  of  life.  He  was  then  a teacher 
in  the  first  school  in  Cincinnati  for  the  education  of  the 
colored  people  of  the  city.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  had 
been  apprenticed  to  the  printing  business  in  the  office  of  the 
old  Liberty  Hail  and  Cincinnati  Gazette,  then  controlled 
partly  by  E[)hraim  Morgan  and  Charles  Hammond,  the 


editor,  and  for  a period  of  twenty  years  was  occupied  as  a 
printer.  In  1832,  in  connection  with  John  H.  Wood,  he 
published  the  Cincinnati  Mirror  and  Ladies'  Depository. 
The  poet,  William  D.  Gallagher,  was  the  editor  of  the 
journal.  This  author  has  written  several  works  of  merit, 
and  once  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  having  one  of  William 
Cullen  Bryant’s  poems  dedicated  to  him.  Elder  .Stratton 
has  Ibr  many  years  been  a prime  mover  and  energetic 
worker  in  the  cause  of  i)ublic  education  in  Cincinnati,  for 
fifteen  years  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and 
officiated  for  several  years  as  its  Vice-President.  He  has 
always  been  an  advocate  of  physical  exercise  and  training 
in  the  schools  as  a portion  of  the  regular  school  course,  and 
through  his  influence  the  gymnastic  facilities  now  presented 
in  a limited  degree  in  the  schools  have  been  secured.  He 
was  one  of  the  earliest  movers  in  establishing  the  present 
uniform  system  of  penmanship  in  the  public  schools,  and 
also  in  the  establishment  of  the  “ Intermediate  Department.” 
For  many  years  he  was  Trustee  of  the  First  Intermediate, 
and  Delegate  to  the  Union  Board  of  High  Schools.  He 
was  a member  of  the  City  Council  for  nine  years,  and  for 
one  year  acted  as  President  of  that  body.  In  company  with 
two  other  members  of  Council,  he  located  the  present  city 
buildings.  The  site  chosen  was  then  thought  to  be  im- 
proper, to  be  unreasonably  far  from  the  town  centre ; but 
with  the  lapse  of  time  has  come  the  vindication  of  the  course 
pursued.  He  was  also  one  of  the  committee  who  selected 
the  site  for  the  Plouse  of  Refuge,  and  under  whose  direc- 
tions this  institution  was  erected.  He  was  one  of  its  first 
Board  of  Directors,  and  also  acted  with  its  Committee  of 
Indentures  for  several  years.  During  his  connection  with 
the  Council,  the  P'ire  Department  was  changed  from  a vol- 
unteer to  a regularly  organized  paid  department;  and  to 
him,  with  Charles  Thomas  and  Louis  Broadwell,  the  city  is 
mainly  indebted  for  the  admirable  and  needed  change. 
This  was  a bold  piece  of  work,  as  the  Fire  Department 
had  become  a great  power  in  the  city,  unfortunately,  on  the 
side  of  corruption.  Duly  by  conquering  the  determined 
opposition  of  the  firemen  and  their  first  chief,  Niles  Green- 
wood, were  they  able  to  succeed  in  this  unpopular  but 
absolutely  necessary  innovation.  He  had  been  himself  for 
fourteen  years  a member  of  the  old  volunteer  organization. 
With  the  exception  of  five  years,  he  has  spent  all  his  lime 
in  Cincinnati.  During  those  years  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Christian  Church  in  Petersburg  and  Burlington,  Kentucky, 
and  in  Rising  .Sun,  Indiana.  While  residing  in  the  latter 
]ilace  he  was  Editor  and  Publisher  of  the  Dising  Sun 
Jottrnal.  In  1850  he  accepted  the  Surveyorship  of  the 
City  Insurance  Company,  and  held  this  position  for  sixteen 
years.  When  that  establishment  was  merged  into  the  En- 
terprise Insurance  Company,  he  retained  his  office,  and  still 
acts  as  Surveyor.  For  over  forty  years  he  has  been  a |)rom- 
inent  Odd  Fellow,  and  thirty-eight  years  ago  was  elected 
Grand  Chaplain  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio.  He  has  also 
been  Chaplain  of  the  Cincinnati  Association  of  Pioneers 


’>  ■ '•  ^ j 


■’vf  . , ',  . . 


'fi 


..'f* 


’i 


» 


i 


>- 


..>e 


p 


< / 


M 


Ir 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 


^5 


since  1864.  In  1S66-67  lie  was  Vice-President  of  this  asso- 
ciation, and  from  1858  to  1864  acted  as  its  Corresponding 
. Secretary.  Although  he  has  been  for  over  forty  years  a 
public  teacher  and  preacher  among  his  brethren,  he  has 
always  sustained  himself  and  his  family  by  secular  pursuits. 
He  has  baptized  over  one  thousand  persons  and  married 
over  fifteen  hundred  couples,  and  is  known  over  a wide 
extent  of  country  as  “ the  marrying  parson.”  He  remem- 
bers distinctly  the  days  when  the  boundaries  of  Cincinnati 
were  East  Row  ( Broadw'ay),  Western  Row  (Centra!  avenue). 
Seventh  street,  and  the  Ohio  river;  has  seen  Indian  encamp- 
ments on  the  present  grounds  of  Hughes’  High  School,  and 
recalls  minutely  the  time  when  the  fields  west  of  Central 
avenue  were  the  mustering  grounds  of  the  militia.  He  is 
now  one  of  the  wealthy  and  most  prominent  men  of  Cincin- 
nati, and,  notwithstanding  his  sixty-eight  years,  is  hale  and 
vigorous.  He  was  married  on  July  2d,  1829,  to  Catherine 
Eliza  .Stibbs,  second  daughter  of  Samuel  Stibbs,  the  first 
chair  manufacturer  of  Cincinnati. 


& 


)EWIS,  CHRISTOPHER,  Superintendent  of  Co- 
lumbus Rolling  Mill,  Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Worcestershire,  England,  December  25th, 
1831,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
Lewis.  His  father  by  profession  was  a blast  fur- 
nace man.  In  1838  he  emigrated  to  America, 
and  shortly  after  his  arrival  was  employed  at  the  Mount 
Savage  Iron  Works,  Maryland,  where  in  1841  he  was 
joined  by  his  wife  and  family.  He  subsequently  moved  to 
Mooresburg,  and  shortly  afterwards  to  Danville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  still  lives,  and  where  the  mother  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  buried.  After  the  emigration  of  his 
father  to  this  country,  necessity  compelled  Christopher,  with 
two  other  brothers,  to  go  to  work.  His  first  occupation  was 
at  the  blast  furnaces  where  his  father  was  employed  before 
leaving  for  America,  at  what  is  known  as  filling  boxes,  to 
assist  fillers  at  the  blast  furnaces.  Finding  this  too  labor- 
ious for  one  of  his  age,  he  sought  and  obtained  work  in  a 
wood  screw  factory,  and  about  one  year  afterwards  met 
with  an  accident  by  which  he  lost  three  fingers  of  his  right 
hind,  which  |irevented  him  from  doing  any  more  work 
until  his  arrival  at  Mount  Savage,  Maryland.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  years  he  left  home,  and  was  engaged  at  pud- 
dling at  Brady’s  Bend  and  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  for 
about  three  years.  He  then  returned  to  Danville,  and  was 
there  employed  as  puddler  and  heater  for  several  years. 
He  then  went  to  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  capacity 
of  a heater,  and  remained  there  about  six  years.  During 
the  war  he  was  employed  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  as 
heater,  and  for  a short  time  rolling  gun  barrels  for  the 
government.  In  the  early  part  of  1865  he  was  employed  as 
Assi^tant  Superintendent  of  Spuyten  Duival  Iron  Works, 
near  New  York,  and  subsequently  in  the  same  ])osition  at 


Danville,  Pennsylvania.  In  1866  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Superintendent  of  the  Lochiel  Iron  Works,  Harris- 
burg, Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  until  1871,  when 
he  engaged  to  superintend  Wheatland  Iron  Works,  Mercer 
county,  Pennsylvania;  but  which,  owing  I0  the  unhealthy 
condition  of  the  place,  he  resigned  four  months  afterward. 
He  next  engaged  as  Superintendent  of  Columbia  Steel  & 
Iron  Company,  Columbia,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania, 
which  he  held  but  a short  time  before  he  agreed  to  return 
to  Wheatland.  Here  he  continued  for  ten  months,  and 
then  accepted  a similar  position  at  the  Valley  Iron  Works, 
Youngstown,  Ohio.  One  year  afterwards  he  accepted  an 
offer  as  Superintendent  of  the  Columbus  Rolling  Mill, 
which  he  still  holds.  In  1851  he  applied  for  a patent  for 
shearing  iron  hot  from  the  rolls,  which,  owing  to  unfavor- 
able circumstances  and  lack  of  means  at  the  time,  he  lost 
control  over  his  invention  and  gained  no  advantage  from  it, 
though  it  is  of  incalculable  benefit  to  all  manufacturers  of 
railroad  iron.  In  1867  he  invented  “ water  doorframes” 
and  “water  necks”  for  puddling  and  heating  furnaces;  an 
invention  whose  value  and  merit  is  well  known  to  all  prac- 
tical men.  Since  that  time  he  has  received  a patent  for  a 
sewer  trap  for  the  prevention  of  the  escape  of  foul  gases 
from  sewers,  which  is  believed  by  many  medical  and  other 
practical  men  wdll  be  of  great  value  in  preventing  diseases 
attributable  to  this  cause  alone.  Being  destitute  of  educa- 
tion, except  what  little  he  had  obtained  before  he  com- 
menced to  work,  he  availed  himself  of  the  first  opportunity 
to  join  a small  library  at  Brady’s  Bend;  and  to  this  he  owes 
all  the  educational  advantages  he  has  ever  possessed.  And 
as  he  has  always  regarded  it  of  great  value  to  himself,  he 
has  at  all  times  been  intimately  identified  with  the  establish- 
ment of  reading  rooms  and  libraries  in  connection  with  the 
works  he  has  been  identified  with,  and  has  never  failed 
to  take  a deep  interest  in  the  educational  advancement  of 
iron  workers.  He  was  married  on  April  1st,  1853,  to 
Ellen  Davis,  of  Danville,  Pennsylvania,  and  by  her  has  had 
several  children,  four  of  whom  are  living. 


I^HOMPSON,  JOHN  L.,  President  of  the  Cincinnati 
' Fire  De]iartmcnt,  Treasurer  of  the  Cincinnati 


•Savings  Society,  was  born  in  Hamilton  counly 
Ohio,  July  30th,  1832.  He  was  educateil  pri 
marily  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  county 
and  afterward  jnirsued  a higher  course  of  studies 
in  the  Hanover  College,  at  Hanover,  Indiana;  securing  by 
industry  and  close  application  a varied  store  of  general  and 
useful  knowledge.  He  subsequently  entered  on  the  study 
of  law  under  the  instruction  of  James  Peat,  a well-known 
practitioner  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  1865  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  then,  for  a period  of  fifteen  years,  served  in  various 
capacities  in  the  several  county  offices,  ending  in  1867  his 
term  of  Deputy  Sheriff.  To  this  office  he  had  been  mnni- 


r* 


86 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


iiatecl  ill  1866  by  the  adherents  of  President  Johnson. 
Upon  his  retirement  from  the  position  of  Sheriff  lie  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  a fresh  office  of  trust  and  responsibility 
as  Treasurer  of  the  Cincinnati  Savings  Society,  wliich  posi- 
tion he  still  holds.  In  April,  1S74,  he  was  elected  a mem- 
ber of  the  School  Board  for  the  term  of  two  years.  He 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  promotion  of  educational 
interests;  and  while  serving  in  his  various  public  capacities 
has  been  importantiy  instrumental  in  advancing  the  cause 
of  progress  and  reform.  Prior  to  his  admission  to  the  bar, 
having  resided  for  many  years  in  Columbia,  and  taken  a 
prominent  part  in  the  current  political  movements,  he  was 
in  1803  elected  Mayor  of  the  incorporated  village  for  the 
term  of  two  years.  He  was  then  elected,  in  1865,  Presi- 
dent of  the  School  Board  of  the  same  place,  and  filled  that 
office  until  1867,  when  his  position  in  the  .Savings  Society 
precluded  his  acceptance  of  any  public  office.  Since  the 
consolidation  of  the  town  he  has  continued  to  maintain  a 
leading  position  in  municipal  affairs,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
influential  citizens  of  the  place.  In  April,  1874,  he  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Johnson  President  of  the  Cincinnati 
Fire  Department;  and  April  19th,  1875,  honored  by  an 
election  by  acclamation  to  the  Vice-Presidency  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati School  Board. 


J) 

cll 


I 


c 

C'.lU  ' 


3 


'OTTON,  JOSIAH  DEXTER,  M.  D.,  w.as  born  in 
Marietta,  Ohio,  May  iplh,  1S22.  His  ancestors 
came  to  America  in  the  f.rmous  “ Mayflower,” 
and  settled  in  Plymouth,  Massachusetts,  where 
succeeding  generations  of  the  family  continued  to 
reside.  His  father,  John  Cotton,  judge  and  phy- 
sician, moved  from  Plymouth  to  Ohio  in  1815,  settling  in 
Marietta,  where  he  died  in  1847.  (For  further  details  con- 
nected with  his  family  see  sketch  of  Dr.  John  Cotton.)  He 
was  educated  preliminarily  at  the  Marietta  College,  and  on 
leaving  school  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the 
supervision  of  his  father.  In  1S45  he  attended  a course  of 
lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College;  and  in  1S47,  having 
attended  also  the  medical  department  of  the  Louisville 
University,  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  then  en- 
tered on  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Marietta,  .succeed- 
ing to  his  father's  round  of  business.  Since  this  time  he 
has  been  engaged  exclusively  in  professional  labors,  and  is 
the  acknowledged  leader  in  the  medical  circles  of  his  town. 
In  1862  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  92d  Regiment  of 
Ohio  Volunteers,  and  was  connected  with  the  army  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  a participant  at  the  battles 
of  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  and  Nashville,  and  was 
present  at  the  fall  of  .Atlanta.  For  two  years  he  officiated 
as  Brigade  Surgeon  of  General  Turchin’s  Brigade,  and  was 
Medical  Director  of  the  Provisional  Department  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee.  In  1865  he  was 
mustered  out  of  the  service,  and  on  his  return  to  Marietta 
resumed  the  civil  practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  still 


continues.  P'or  nine  years  he  filled  the  office  of  Council- 
man in  Marietta,  and  for  several  years  was  Physician  for 
the  Board  of  Health.  Also,  for  two  years  he  officiated  as 
President  of  the  Washington  County  Medical  Society,  and 
for  one  year  was  Vice-President  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society.  In  July,  1S75,  appointed  one  of  the  Cen- 

sors of  the  new  Medical  College  of  Columbus,  a position 
for  which  he  is  admirably  qualified  by  his  technical  and 
general  attainments,  his  varied  experience,  and  his  personal 
characteristics.  He  *vvas  married  in  1S48  to  Ann  M. 
Steece,  of  Lawrence  county,  Ohio. 


IBI.EV,  JAMES  WHITELAW,  Commission  Mer- 
chant, is  a native  of  the  Green  Mountain  State. 
He  was  born  in  Montpelier,  Vermont,  on  the 
20lh  of  February,  1S16.  When  he  was  about  a 
year  old  his  father,  Derick  .Sibley,  lemoved  with 
his  family  to  Rochester,  New  Vork,  then  a small 
village  of  a few  hundred  inhabitants.  It  was  here  that 
James  received  such  education  as  fell  to  his  lot.  On  his 
approach  to  manhood  he  embarked  in  the  dry-goods  busi- 
ness, and  continued  in  that  line  of  trade  until  the  year  1847, 
when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati.  There  he  engaged  in  the 
produce  and  commission  business  in  company  with  A.  D. 
E.  Tweed,  under  the  firm-name  of  Tweed  & Sibley.  Sub- 
sequently it  was  changed  to  Sibley,  French  & Co.,  and  so 
the  firm  remains  at  this  time.  It  h.as  done  and  is  doing  a 
steadily  thriving  business,  and  is  one  of  the  solid  firms  of 
the  city.  In  1S60  James  W.  Sibley  was  elected  President 
of  the  Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a position  which 
he  filled  ably  and  accept.ably.  He  was  married  in  1S40  to 
Mary  A.  Hastings,  of  Clinton,  New  York. 

ART,  SAMUEL,  Physician,  Marietta,  was  born  at 
Marietta,  Ohio,  on  June  7th,  1830.  His  grand- 
parents were  of  English  descent,  who  settled  in 
New  York  and  Connecticut.  His  father,  Dr- 
Seth  Hart,  came  to  this  State  about  fifty  years 
ago,  and  is  still  in  active  practice  at  Harmcr, 
Ohio.  His  education  consisted  of  an  academical  course; 
on  leaving  school  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  his 
father,  and  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  Medical  College 
of  Ohio.  He  then  commenced  the  practice  of  his  proles- 
sion  in  partnership  with  his  father,  at  Harmer.  I his  con- 
tinued abouf  two  years,  when  he  moved  to  hlarietta  and 
there  established  the  practice  in  which  he  has  continued 
uninterruptedly,  with  the  exception  of  his  services  in  the 
late  war.  In  1862  he  entered  the  army  as  Surgeon  of  the 
75th  Ohio,  and  served  with  his  regiment  nearly  one  year. 
He  was  then  examined  for  appointment  as  Staff  .Surgeon  in 
the  Volunteer  Corps,  ranking  as  Assistant  Surgeon.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


87 


was  then  promoted  to  Surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  Major,  and 
in  this  capacity  he  served  until  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  was  brevetted  Lieutenant-Colonel.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  his  services  he  returned  to  his  home,  and  for  one 
year  devoted  his  time  to  the  review  of  his  studies,  taking 
his  degree  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  at 
New  York.  He  then  resumed  his  practice  at  Marietta, 
where  he  is  now  located,  enjoying  probably  the  largest  in 
the  place.  He  was  married  in  1S56  to  Sarah  Purple,  of 
Massachusetts. 


fALCONER,  CYRUS,  Physician  and  Surgeon  of 
Hamilton,  Butler  county,  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton county,  Pennsylvania,  January  2i:.t,  1810. 
His  parents  were  Isaac  and  Mary  (^Yilkins)  Fal- 
coner. The  family  are  of  English  descent.  They 
first  settled  in  Queen  Anne  county,  Maryland, 
and  from  there  a portion  of  them  went  to  Berkeley  county, 
Yirginia,  and  from  Virginia  Samuel  Falconer,  grandfather 
of  Cyrus,  moved  to  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania.  His 
father  emigrated  to  the  valley  of  the  Miami  in  1812,  settling 
in  Butler  county.  Dr.  Falconer  received  his  education  at 
the  Miami  University,  but  left  without  graduating;  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  began  the  study  of  medicine.  Having 
attended  several  courses  of  lectures  and  acquired  a fair 
degree  of  clinical  experience  he  began  practice  in  Hamil- 
ton in  1832,  and  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1839  from  the 
Cincinnati  Medical  College.  In  the  quiet  but  useful  routine 
of  professional  duties  he  has  continued  in  Hamilton  for 
nearly  half  a century,  and  has  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice. 
He  followed  the  allopathic  school,  and,  though  in  no  sense 
of  the  word  a specialist  in  his  profession,  he  enjoys  an  ex- 
ceptional reputation  as  an  obstetrician  among  the  members 
of  his  profession.  He  has  twice  performed  the  Caesarean 
operation,  admitted  to  be  one  of  the  most  critical  in  surgery, 
and  in  one  of  the  exses  with  complete  success.  In  public 
affairs  Dr.  Falconer  has  never  permitted  himself  to  take  a 
more  jwominent  part  than  the  plain  requirements  of  his  duty 
xs  a citizen  demanded.  He  is  a member  of  the  Ohio  .State 
Medical  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  trustees  to  build  the 
Agricultural  College  at  Columbus.  Though  an  anti-slavery 
advocate,  and  bold  in  the  support  of  the  Union  during  the 
war,  the  only  prominent  political  act  of  his  life  was  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Harrisburg  Convention,  that  nominated  W. 
H.  Harrison  for  the  Presidency.  He  has  been  married 
twice:  first  to  Mary,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  John  Woods,  of 
H.imilton,  October  8th,  1839;  she  died,  .September  l8th, 
1870,  having  borne  eight  children,  five  of  whom  survived 
her;  one  died  in  infancy  and  two  were  killed  in  the  war, 
Jerome  dying  from  a wound  received  at  the  battle  of  .Stone 
River,  and  John  W.,  a Captain,  after  having  passed  through 
the  conflict  and  participated  in  most  of  the  principal  en- 
gagements, was  shot  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  Virginia, 
less  than  half  an  hour  before  the  surrender  of  Lee  and 


the  collapse  of  the  Southern  Confederacy.  He  died  a few 
days  later.  On  February  1st,  1872,  Dr.  I'alconer  married 
Margaret  McKee,  of  Wheeling,  West  Virginia. 


^HkSON,  PETER,  Mechanic,  Manufacturer  and 
Capitalist,  was  born  near  Edinburgh,  Scotland, 
October  20th,  1802,  and  was  thrown  upon  his 
own  re.sources  for  a livelihood  when  twelve  years 
of  age.  He  was  first  engaged  as  a shepherd  boy, 
and  continued  in  that  capacity  for  six  years. 
Having  then  attained  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  apprenticed 
himself  to  the  plumber’s  trade  in  Edinburgh,  and  made 
unusual  progress  in  this  business.  In  the  second  year  of 
his  apprenticeship  he  took  the  place  of  a journeyman,  and 
six  months  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  he 
w'as  bound  he  was  offered  the  foremanship  of  another  estab- 
lishment, but  his  master  refused  to  part  with  him  upon  the 
completion  of  the  apprenticeship  term.  During  the  latter 
part  of  this  period  he  was  at  w'ork  in  Edinburgh  College, 
then  in  course  of  construction,  and  after  accomplishing  Ids' 
■work  there  accepted  the  proffered  foremanship  which  had 
been  kept  open  for  him.  This  was  in  the  year  1S27,  and 
about  this  time  he  was  married  to  Martha  Bolden,  of  Edin- 
burgh. He  held  this  foremanship  for  three  years,  and  then 
determined  upon  emigrating  to  America,  to  which  an  elder 
brother  had  already  removed.  Desiring,  however,  to  per- 
fect himself  in  all  branches  of  his  trade,  he  went  to  England 
and  remained  three  years,  being  greatly  benefited  by  the 
improvements  in  appliances  which  he  saw  in  operation 
there.  After  completing  three  large  jobs  he  left  for 
America,  setting  sail  with  his  wife  and  twm  children  on 
May  1st,  1831.  He  arrived  at  New'  York  on  the  1st  of 
June,  and  was  dejected  when,  upon  an  immediate  canvass 
of  the  city,  he  saw'  no  opening  for  him.  For  some  time  he 
was  without  work,  finding  at  length  a job  which  brought 
him  means  enough  to  pay  his  way  back  to  Scotland,  to 
which  he  had  determined  upon  returning.  Naturally  de- 
sirous of  seeing  his  elder  brother,  who  was  a practising 
physician  in  St.  Mary’s  parish,  Louisiana,  he  wrote  to  him 
to  come  to  New  York  before  they  set  sail  for  Scotland. 
The  elder  brother  answered  that  Peter  should  meet  him  in 
Cincinnati  on  a certain  day.  This  was  before  the  era  of 
steam  locomotion,  and  long  journeys  W'ere  tedious,  if  not 
dangerous.  Mr.  Gibson,  notwithstanding  the  drawback  of 
such  a trip,  determined  to  acquiesce,  and  reached  Pitts- 
burgh by  stage  travel  over  the  Alleghenies,  and  thence  by 
boat  to  Cincinnati.  The  metropolis  of  to-day  was  then  a 
small  town,  and  the  Dennison  Hotel,  at  which  he  stopped, 
and  the  Pearl  Street  House  w'erc  the  only  hotels.  He  w'as 
disappointed  upon  learning  that  his  brother  had  not  arrived, 
and  on  one  .Sunday  morning,  nervously  uneasy  about  this 
second  failure,  he  started  out  for  a walk  to  quiet  his 
anxiety.  In  turning  toward  the  river  he  encountered  his 


88 


BIOGKArillCAL  ENCVCLOIMiDIA. 


brother,  who  had  just  arrived.  The  recognition  was 
mutual  and  the  greetings  affectionate.  At  tlie  earnest 
solicitation  of  this  brother,  Mr.  Gibson  gave  up  his.  imme- 
diate return  to  Scotland  and  started  in  business  in  Cincin- 
nati under  circumstances  far  from  encouraging.  His  trade 
at  that  time  had  not  become  a distinct  one,  and  his  capital 
was  very  limited.  During  the  first  three  years  he  was 
twice  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  calling  u]ion  his  brother 
for  assistance,  who  promptly  and  cheerfully  gave  it.  The 
fourth  year  of  his  career  opened  a brighter  prospect.  His 
business  grew  in  proportions,  and  was  so  remunerative  that 
he  was  able  to  liquidate  all  his  indebtedness,  with  a fair 
balance  which  he  kept  as  a reserve  fund.  His  skill  as  a 
workman  was  now  recognized,  and  the  orders  which  came 
in  upon  him  were  more  than  he  could  fill,  and  he  was 
compelled  to  increase  his  facilities.  He  purchased  a new 
pipe  machine,  an  engine  and  incidental  machinery,  and 
with  these  aids  he  was  able  to  meet  the  demands  upon  his 
establishment.  His  business  rapidly  enlarged,  and  became 
constantly  more  remunerative.  His  patronage  was  not  con- 
fined solely  to  the  city,  but  came  from  the  interior  of  Ohio 
and  adjoining  States.  In  1845  he  constructed  for  Davis  C. 
Lawler  the  first  water-closet  ever  made  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghenies, and  this  transaction  opened  to  him  a very  large 
and  lucrative  business.  He  commenced,  with  the  capital 
derived  from  his  establishment,  which  had  obtained  a very 
extended  and  honorable  reputation,  to  build  upon  quite  a 
large  scale  in  Cincinnati.  He  put  up  several  conspicuous 
business  houses,  and  in  1849  erected  the  Gibson  House, 
which  was  greatly  enlarged  and  remodelled  in  1S57. 
About  'the  year  1854,  having  amassed  a comfortable  for- 
tune, he  retired  from  active  business,  leaving  his  plumbing 
and  lead  pipe  business  to  his  son,  John  B.  Gibson,  and  a 
nephew.  Since  his  retirement  from  these  cares  he  has 
devoted  a considerable  share  of  his  time  and  attention  to 
the  interests  of  the  city.  He  serverl  two  years  in  the  City 
Council  and  several  years  in  the  Public  School  Board,  bc- 
siiies  filling  other  positions  of  public  trust  and  responsi- 
bility. The  Gibson  House,  which,  as  has  been  said,  was 
built  in  1849,  rebuilt  entirely  in  the  years  1873-74  by 
Mr.  Gibson,  under  the  supervision  of  his  son,  John  B.  It 
is  now  under  the  management  of  O.  H.  Jeffrey  and  John  B. 
Gibson.  The  building  was  planned  by  the  latter,  and  has 
now  a frontage  of  150  feet  by  a depth  of  200  feet,  and  is 
six  stories  high,  exclusive  of  the  basement  and  sub-cellar. 
It  contains  over  300  rooms.  The  front,  which  is  of  stone, 
is  the  embodiment  of  a fine  type  of  architecture,  presenting 
a massive  and  symmetrical  appearance.  The  office,  on  the 
first  floor,  is  90  by  40  feet,  with  an  L attachment  40  by  16 
feet,  being  connected  with  the  dining  hall,  the  dimensions 
of  which  are  too  by  40  feet.  There  is  also  an  “early 
breakfast  ” room,  which  can  accommodate  fifty  guests.  On 
the  same  floor  there  is  a fine  billiard-room,  bar-room, 
barber-shop,  cigar-stand,  telegraph -office,  anti  two  ele'aators 
by  the  use  of  which  patrons  may  easily  reach  the  upper 


floors.  One  is  for  guests  and  the  other  for  baggage.  These 
rooms,  in  additions  to  sjrace  set  off  into  kitchen  and  pastry 
rooms  and  four  large  stores,  comprise  the  entire  ground 
floor  of  the  hotel.  The  flooring  used  in  the  first  story  is 
marble  tiling.  In  the  sub-cellar  ami  basement  are  the 
laundry,  drying  room,  pastry-room,  store-room,  engine- 
room,  the  ice-house,  carpenter-shop,  paint-shop,  wine- 
cellar,  etc.  Upon  the  second  floor  there  are  parlors,  recep- 
tion-rooms and  rooms  en  siii/e.  These  are  all  furnished  in 
elegant  style.  The  four  remaining  stories  are  devoted  to 
bedchambers  and  rooms  en  suite,  and  are  equally  well  fur- 
nished. Each  floor  is  supplied  with  water-closets  of  a 
superior  character,  planned  by  John  B.  Gibson,  with  gas 
and  water  and  all  the  necessities  for  making  the  house  a 
comfort  and  a pleasure  to  its  patrons.  There  is  attached  to 
the  hotel  a water-works  arrangement,  which  renders  the 
subjection  of  fire  in  any  part  of  the  building  instantaneous. 
In  addition,  there  are  fire-proof  stairways,  and  every  room 
is  furnished  with  a fire-alarm.  All  the  doors  have  patent 
combination  burglar-proof  locks,  and  the  transoms  have 
burglar-proof  fastenings,  an  improvement  found  in  no 
other  hotel  in  the  city.  Each  floor  has  its  hot  and 
cold  baths.  The  heating  and  ventilation  aie  perfect,  and 
the  house,  in  all  its  appointments  and  in  the  details  of 
management,  is  without  a superior  in  the  country.  I’eter 
Gibson,  the  original  projector  of  this  hotel,  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem  in  the  social  and  business  communities  of 
Cincinnati.  He  is  a man  of  substantial  acquirements,  of 
keen  business  penetration,  of  energy  of  action  and  of  the 
most  irreproachable  character.  He  is  generous  by  impulse 
and  public-spirited,  and  supports  every  movement  made  in 
the  interest  of  the  welfare  of  the  citizens  of  his  adopted 
city,  and  of  which  he  is  one  of  the  few  pioneer  business 
men  who  still  remain. 

NOX,  SAMUEL,  State  Senator  from  the  Twentieth 
Cfliio  District,  was  born,  September  l6th,  1822, 
in  Harrison  county,  (Jhio,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (Davis)  Knox.  His  father  was  a chair- 
maker,  and  a descendant  of  a family  belonging  to 
the  same  section  of  country  from  which  John 
Knox,  the  reformer,  hailed.  They  were  among  the  people 
sent  to  the  north  of  Ireland  by  Cromwell  to  carry  out  his 
scheme  of  reconstruction  in  that  country.  William  Knox, 
grandfather  of  Samuel,  and  a well-known  Methodist  Fqiis- 
cojr.al  clergvman,  came  to  America  in  1794*  and  located  in 
Frederick,  Maryland.  In  1816  John  Knox,  the  father  of 
Samuel,  settled  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio.  His  wife’s 
family  came  from  Armagh,  Ireland,  to  the  same  county  in 
1806.  Samuel  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and 
by  a private  tutor.  Dr.  Horace  Belknap,  the  principal  of 
Freeport  Academy,  and  made  rajiid  headway  in  learning. 
■M  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  became  clerk  in  a store,  hut 
was  soon  prostrated  by  impaired  health  for  eight  years. 


4 


, ‘yi--' 


■ 


4 

>' 


■*r« 


i 


\ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


Upon  his  recovery  he  commenced  leaching  in  Freeport,  his 
native  village,  and  four  years  remained  thus  occupied.  In 
i860  he  was  elected  Auditor  for  Harrison  county,  and 
served  two  terms,  covering  four  years,  during  the  eventful 
period  of  the  war.  He  then  acted  as  clerk  in  the  Auditor’s 
office  for  one  year,  and  in  1867  bought  out  the  Cadiz  Repub- 
lican and  edited  it  for  two  years,  earning  an  e.\cellent 
reputation  as  an  able  and  enterprising  journalist.  From 
1867  to  1871  he  acted  as  Deputy  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue  for  the  Si.xteenth  District  of  Ohio,  and  in  1871 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  on  the  Republican  ticket, 
from  the  Twentieth  District,  embracing  Belmont  and  Har- 
rison counties.  In  1873  was  re-elected,  being  the  only 
Republican  in  his  district  who  enjoyed  the  honor  of  a re- 
election.  In  the  Senate  he  has  served  ably  on  the  Com- 
mittees on  Schools  and  School-lands,  Mines  and  Mining, 
Claims,  Revision,  Enrolment,  Penitentiary,  Library  and 
Public  Printing,  and  has  energetically  supported  measures 
for  public  improvements.  He  is  an  influential  member  of 
the  Republican  party,  and  has  done  effective  labor  in  its 
various  campaigns  as  an  organizer  and  speaker.  In  1862 
he  became  Chairman  of  the  Harrison  County  Republican 
Committee,  and  has  ever  since  held  a membership  in  it. 
In  1874  he  was  chosen  a member  of  the  .State  Central  Re- 
publican Committee.  During  the  war  he  was  a member 
of  the  Military  Committee  appointed  by  the  late  Governor 
Brough.  He  is  unmarried.  In  1875  Knox  was  again 
re-elected,  being  for  the  third  term,  a rare  honor  in  the 
history  of  the  Ohio  Senate. 


'RRETT,  ISA.\C,  A.  M.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  January  2d,  1820.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Arklow,  county  of  Wicklow,  Ireland. 
His  mother  was  a native  of  Portsmouth,  England. 
During  the  Irish  rebellion  of  1798  his  paternal 
grandfather  was  shot  dead  near  his  own  home. 
His  parents  were  Protestants,  and  became  identified  with 
the  Disciples  in  New  York  city  as  early  as  1816,  his  father 
being  a ruler  and  preacher  in  the  original  church  in  that 
place,  and  as  early  as  18  il  wrote  and  published  a work  in 
defence  of  the  principles  now  advocated  by  the  Disciples. 
In  1825  his  father  died.  In  1832  his  mother,  after  a 
second  marriage,  moved  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 
There  young  Errett  was  baptized,  in  his  thirteenth  year. 
At  the  age  of  ten  he  became  dependent  upon  his  orvn 
exertions  for  a living.  He  has  a fine  education,  gathered 
in  the  midst  of  toil  and  care.  His  early  life  was  one  of 


checkered  and  interesting  experience,  and  while  laboring 
as  farmer,  miller,  lumberman,  editor,  printer,  bookseller 
and  school  teacher,  one  great  object  was  ever  before  him  : 
the  augmentation  of  his  stock  of  knowledge.  Thus  it  was 
that  he  became  one  of  the  most  refined  and  scholarly  re- 
ligious editors  of  the  day.  In  1840,  at  the  early  age  of 
12 


89 

twenty,  he  commenced  his  career  as  a preacher  in  the  city 
of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania.  He  had  the  rare  advantage 
of  an  intimate  association  with  Thomas  Campbell,  Alex- 
ander Campbell,  Walter  Scott  and  other  early  advocates 
and  apostles  of  primitive  Christianity  in  the  West.  Mr. 
Errett’s  ministerial  labors  have  been  divided  between  the 
work  of  an  evangelist  and  that  of  a pastor.  Through  his 
evangelical  and  editorial  labors  he  has  become  more  widely 
known  and  his  influence  more  largely  diffused  than  is  the 
case  with  any  other  living  man  in  the  connection.  The 
history  of  his  past  forty  years  is  largely  the  history  of  the 
progress  and  growth  of  the  Church  of  the  Disciples  in  the 
West.  He  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Pittsburgh  three 
years;  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  five  years;  North  Bloomfield, 
Ohio,  two  years;  Warren,  Ohio,  five  years;  Muir  ami  Ionia, 
Michigan,  eight  years;  and  Detroit,  Michigan,  two  years. 
In  1851  he  removed  to  Warren,  Ohio,  and  there  became 
Corresponding  .Secretary  of  the  Ohio  Christian  Missionary 
.Society.  This  position  he  filled  for  three  years,  and  under 
him  the  society  first  became  really  active  and  successful. 
In  1856  he  again  removed  his  family  to  Ionia  county, 
Michigan,  and  now  again,  on  account  of  his  rare  executive 
ability,  he  was  made  Corresponding  .Secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Christian  Missionary  .Society.  After  three  years  he 
resigned  this  position,  but  not  until  the  society  was  ad- 
v.anced  to  its  highest  state  of  prosperity.  He  was  then 
chosen  first  Vice-President  of  the  society,  and  w.as  in  fact 
for  several  years  its  presiding  officer;  and  in  1866,  after  the 
death  of  Alexander  Campbell,  was  elected  fits  President. 
This  position  he  declined,  and  in  the  same  year  moved  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  Christia7i  Standard  as  editor-in-chief.  In  1868  Mr. 
Errett  accepted  the  Presidency  of  Alliance  College,  at 
Alliance,  Ohio.  This  new  institution,  under  his  manage- 
ment and  supervision,  became  very  successful  and  estab- 
lished an  enviable  reputation.  P'inding  that  his  residence 
at  Alliance  was  interfering  deeply  with  his  publishing 
business,  as  well  as  his  evangelical  and  editorial  Labors,  he 
resigned  his  position  in  the  college,  and  in  1869  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  where  he  now  resides,  giving  his  attention 
chiefly  to  the  editing  of  the  Chrislian  Standard.  This  re- 
ligious journal  has  become  very  prosperous,  and  is  now  the 
most  popular  and  widely  circulated  weekly  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Disciples.  After  leaving  Alliance  College 
he  was  elected  President  of  the  Agricultural  College  in 
Kentucky  University,  at  I^exington,  and  was  also  chosen  to 
fill  the  chair  of  Biblical  Literature  in  Bethany  College, 
Bethany,  Virginia.  But  these  and  all  other  such  positions 
he  was  compelled  to  decline,  on  account  of  his  increasing 
editorial  labors.  He  is  now  President  of  the  Foreign 
Christian  Missionary  Society.  The  most  important  of  Mr. 
Errett’s  writings  are  “Debate  on  Sjjiritualism  ” (this  debate 
lasted  ten  days  and  was  carried  on  with  Joel  Tiffany,  Esq.) ; 
“ Walks  about  Jerusalem  ; ” “ Talks  to  Bereans  ; ’’  “ Brief 
View  of  Chiistian  Missions;’’  and  the  “ First  Principles 


90 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


of  the  Gospel.”  Sermons,  essays  and  tracts  on  leading 
topics  of  the  times  have  come  from  his  pen  in  vast  numbers, 
lie  is  now  engager!  in  writing  a “Commentary  on  the 
Epistles  to  the  Gorintliians.”  In  1S67  Bethany  College 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  As  a 
public  speaker  he  has  few  superiors.  His  writings,  like  his 
sermons,  are  full  of  strong  and  rugged  points.  His  per- 
sonal appearance  will  be  recognized  as  striking  and  prepos- 
sessing. He  represents  the  advance  and  progressive  ele- 
ments of  life  in  the  church.  Over  forty  years  in  the 
advance  certainly  gives  him  rank  as  one  of  the  first  and 
most  representative  men  in  the  Christian  church.  In  1840 
he  was  married  to  Harriet  Reeder,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  five  sons  and  two  daughters  living. 

■fe 

ra  — •<>* 

ELLEW,  WILLIAM,  Merchant,  was  born  in 
Glastenbury,  Connecticut,  February  iith,  1806, 
and  is  a lineal  descendant  of  the  Huguenots  of 
France.  His  maternal  ancestors  were  of  the  old 
English  Puritan  stock,  who  emigrated  to  this 
country  at  an  early  day  and  settled  at  a place  now 
known  as  Cromwell,  near  Middletown,  Connecticut.  In 
the  cemetery  near  the  latter  town  many  generations  of  the 
family  are  buried.  The  genealogy  of  his  father’s  family  is 
as  follows:  Philip  Sellew,  the  great-great  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  Ihographical  sketch,  was  a native  of  Bor- 
deau.x,  France,  and  was  liberally  educated  for  the  Protes- 
tant ministry.  In  consequence  of  the  revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes  by  Louis  XIV.,  he  came  to  America  and 
settled  near  Boston,  .Massachusetts,  then  a wilderness, 
which  he  and  his  family  braved  for  the  freedom  of  worship- 
ping God  without  the  fear  of  a Jesuit  edict  or  a St.  Barthol- 
omew massacre,  and  which  eight  weary  and  devastating 
wars,  with  a loss  of  nearly  a million  of  lives,  had  failed  to 
secure  for  them  in  their  native  country.  He  died  in  Har- 
wich, Barnstable  county.  May  15th,  1763,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-five  years.  He  had  been  a teacher  of  mathematics, 
navigation  and  the  languages  for  more  than  fifty  years. 
Very  little  is  known  of  his  wife,  except  that  her  name  was 
Beriar.  Of  their  several  children,  John  .Sellew,  great- 
grandfather of  William,  was  a captain  of  a vessel,  and  was 
married  on  September  20th,  1739,  to  Hannah  Hamilton, 
who  was  born  in  England  and  came  to  this  country  in  con- 
sequence of  Cromwell’s  usurpation,  and  settled  in  Boston. 
Thomas,  the  eldest  son  of  John  Sellew,  was  born  September 
22(1,  1740.  Philip,  the  second  son,  was  born  at  Martha’s 
Vineyard,  August  ist,  1743.  John,  the  third  son,  was  born 
August  14th,  1745.  Soon  after  his  birth  his  mother,  Han- 
nah, received  the  sad  intelligence  of  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band, Captain  John  Sellew,  who  had  died  July  2d,  1745, 
while  on  his  voyage,  and  her  presence  was  required  at 
Boston  to  settle  his  estate.  As  he  was  a part  owner  of  the 
vessel,  she  went  on  board  the  .ship.  A storm  drove  them  to 
sea  and  the  mother  and  babe  were  separated  three  weeks. 


She  finally  received  only  a part  of  a hogshead  of  molasses 
of  her  husband’s  jiroperty.  W'hen  Captain  John  sailed  on 
this  his  last  voyage,  he  left  his  wife  in  charge  of  his  friend 
and  former  mate,  Samuel  P'indlay,  wdio  subse(]uently  mar- 
ried her  and  by  her  had  several  children.  They  resided  in 
Marlborough,  Connecticut,  where  she  died  in  July,  1790,  at 
the  age  of  sixty-eight  years.  Her  eldest  son,  Thomas, 
married  and  lived  at  Rocky  Hill,  but  died  in  Scarborough, 
Maine,  leaving  no  children.  John  settled  and  died  in 
Glastenbury,  Connecticut.  Philip,  the  grandfather  of  Wil- 
liam Sellew,  was  brought  up  and  educated  by  his  grand- 
father, at  Marwick  ; went  to  Rhode  Island  and  New  York  ; 
served  at  Brown’s  Point  during  the  French  war.  Making 
a visit  to  his  mother,  Mrs.  Findlay,  he  formed  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Elizabeth  Smith,  whom  he  married,  and  settled  in 
Glastenbury;  he  was  for  several  years  a member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  died  in  Glastenbury,  June  17th,  1828,  at 
the  age  of  eighty-five  years.  He  left  several  children,  of 
whom  the  second  son,  Samuel  Sellew,  was  the  father  of 
William  Sellew,  whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  this 
biography.  Samuel  married  Lucy  Gibson,  of  Middletown, 
and  settled  in  Glastenbury,  where  he  died  in  August,  1828, 
having  attained  the  age  of  fifty-five  years.  His  wife  also 
died  at  the  same  age,  in  September,  1831,  leaving  eight 
children,  viz.:  Timothy  G.,  William,  Enos,  Osman,  Ralph, 
Hannah  S.  (who  married  S.  B.  Munson),  Lucy  Ann, 
Angeline.  All  these  children  are  living  except  Lucy  Ann 
and  Hannah  S.  Munson.  As  above  stated,  the  great- 
grandmother of  William  Sellew,  Hannah  Hamilton,  wife 
of  Captain  John  Sellew,  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  (or 
James)  I lamilton,  and  granddaughter  of  Thomas  Hamilton, 
a commander  in  the  sea  service,  who  was  the  fourth  son  of 
Sir  George  Hamilton,  third  son  of  James,  sixth  Earl  of 
Abercorn,  lineally  descended  from  James  Hamilton,  second 
Earl  of  Arron,  in  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  and  Duke  of 
Chatebrault,  in  France,  who  was  the  great-grandson  of  King 
James  H.  by  the  Princess  Mary.  William  Sellew  remained 
with  his  parents  until  eleven  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
live  with  a maternal  uncle,  where  he  resided  until  his 
seventeenth  year,  when  he  apitrenticed  himself  to  learn 
cabinetmaking;  but,  having  a greater  desire  for  mercantile 
pursuits  than  for  mechanics,  at  the  expiration  of  one  year  he 
left  his  trade  and  commenced  his  mercantile  career  as  a 
clerk  in  the  hardware  store  of  his  cousin,  Ogden  Kilburn, 
in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  where  he  continued  till  1832, 
when,  with  his  brother  Osman  and  a few  friends,  he  started 
West  to  seek  a future  home.  Coming  by  the  way  of  New 
York  they  took  the  canal  to  Buffalo,  steamer  to  Cleveland, 
and  thence  by  stage  to  Cincinnati,  where  they  arrived  after 
a journey  of  two  weeks.  They  found  the  Queen  City  of 
the  West  at  that  time  with  a population  of  17,000  inhabi- 
tants. William  and  his  brother  Osman’s  prosperity  dates 
from  their  starting  the  business  of  manufacturing  Britannia- 
ware,  it  being  the  first  and  only  manufacturing  establish- 
ment of  its  kind  west  of  the  mountains.  Although  with 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


91 


limited  means  and  few  acquaintances,  yet,  with  th.at  perse- 
verance and  energy  which  have  ever  been  cliaracteristic  of 
their  house,  they  entered  upon  their  mission  without  a 
doubt  of  its  success.  Renting  a small  house  on  the  north 
side  of  Fifth  street,  near  Walnut,  they  began  with  salesroom 
in  front  and  shop  in  the  rear.  Very  soon  being  compelled 
to  seek  more  commodious  quarters,  they  moved  their  fac- 
tory to  Main  and  Orchard  streets,  and  fheir  store  to  Main 
street,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth,  near  where  the  present 
business  house  now  .stands.  Up  to  that  time  power  had 
been  furnished  first  by  hand,  and  then  by  horse,  but  both 
proved  insufficient  to  meet  the  wants  of  their  fast-increasing 
business;  so  they  were  compelled  to  move  their  factory  to 
the  canal,  where  they  could  obtain  w.ater-power.  About 
this  time  (1836)  Enos,  another  brother,  came  from  the  East 
and  entered  the  firm  as  a partner.  With  an  increased  capi- 
tal they  added  to  their  stock  many  of  the  metals  for  which 
there  had  grown  quite  a demand,  and  for  which  the  house 
at  the  present  d.ry  has  become  so  w'ell  known.  Having 
been  educated  in  the  school  which  teaches  there  is  no  re- 
ward without  great  labor,  Mr.  .Sellew'  shirked  no  responsi- 
Iiility,  nor  thought  himself  above  performing  any  manual 
labor  that  the  success  of  his  business  retpiired.  Like 
.Stephen  Girard,  there  w.as  no  part  of  his  fast-increasing 
business  he  did  not  thoroughly  master.  A merchant  who 
commenced  business  without  any  capital  save  that  repre- 
sented by  indomitable  perseverance  and  honesty  of  purpose, 
he  has  developed  ability  that  entitles  him  to  rank  second  to 
none  among  the  various  members  of  sckciety.  But  he  has,  in 
addition  to  this,  lent  a helping  hand  to  the  industrious  poor, 
the  unfortunate  mechanic  and  the  new  beginner,  which  in- 
variably has  secured  friends  and  patrons  that  time  and  com- 
petition have  failed  to  alienate.  He  has  contributed  not  a 
little  to  the  prosperity  of  his  adopted  city,  and  by  his  own 
efforts  risen  to  affluence.  He  was  married  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  on  h'ebruary  9th,  1847,  to  Mary  A.  Munson. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  them,  of  whom  only  one  is 
now'  living.  Much  of  his  business  care  he  has  transferred 
to  younger  hands,  and  at  his  beautiful  residence  in  A\von- 
dale  is  spending  his  declining  years  in  the  society  of  his 
family  and  friends,  and  enjoying  that  peace  and  quietude 
which  are  incident  to  a well-spent  life.  Though  in  com- 
parative retirement,  the  active  business  life  he  has  spent  will 
not  suffer  him  to  be  itlle,  and  he  still  retains  a liv'ely  interest 
in  the  city  in  which  he  acquired  his  fortune  and  so  justly 
obtained  renown. 


ojhfi 

ORNELL,  JOSEPH,  Farmer,  was  born  in  Hun- 
/ I terilon  county.  New'  Jersey,  on  the  1st  of  May, 
1799-  He  was  the  eldest  of  five  children.  His 


parents,  Samuel  and  Mary  (Temple)  Cornell, 
were  both  natives  of  New  Jersey.  They  came 
to  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  in  1816,  and  estab- 
liihed  a permanent  home  in  Sycamore  township,  near 


which  Joseph  Cornell  at  present  resides.  His  father  fol- 
lowed the  occupation  of  carpenter,  as  well  as  attending  to 
the  interests  of  his  farm  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1856.  His  mother  died  some  years  jirevious. 
He  received  careful  home  training,  being  early  taugbt  the 
dignity  of  labor  as  w'ell  as  tbe  importance  of  cultivating 
habits  of  morality.  His  school  education  w'as  obtained  in 
the  public  institutions  of  the  immediate  vicinity;  but,  desir- 
ous of  increasing  his  mental  abilities,  he  applied  himself 
closely  to  reading,  and,  being  naturally  an  acute  observer, 
succeeded  in  obtaining  a more  than  ordinary  amount  of  in- 
formation. At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  life  as  a 
farmer,  relying  entirely  on  his  own  resources,  and  after  five 
years  of  industry  and  economy  obtained  his  present  farm, 
and  W'as  successful  in  the  establishment  of  a pleasant  home, 
where  he  expects  to  reside  permanently.  Politically,  he  is 
a Rejiublican,  his  first  vote  having  been  cast  for  John 
Quincy  Adams.  His  religious  views  are  liberal;  he  con- 
fines himself  to  no  particular  doctrine,  but  spends  his  life 
in  general  usefulness,  and  in  social  circles  his  influence  is 
always  for  good.  For  some  years  he  has  been  'I'rustee  of 
the  township  in  which  he  lives,  and  is  particularly  inter 
ested  in  matters  pertaining  to  education  and  public  enter- 
prise. Notwithstanding  a long  life  of  excessive  labor  he  is 
yet  active  and  buoyant.  He  w'as  married,  March  loth, 
1825,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  Beeler,  of  Hamilton 
county. 

AYLOR,  JAMES,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  was  born  in 
1809,  at  Cedar  Grove  farm,  on  Paint  creek,  near 
Bainbridge,  Ross  county,  Ohio.  The  town  of 
Bainbridge  w'as  named  for  Commodore  Bain- 
bridge, of  the  United  States  navy,  by  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  who  was  a near  relative 
of  the  commodore.  The  old  farm  and  homestead  is  still 
owned  by  Price  Taylor,  a brother  of  James,  these  brothers 
being  two  of  the  nine  children  that  clustered  around  the 
family  hearthstone.  Joseph  Taylor,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  was  born  m Monmouth  county,  New' 
Jersey,  where  the  Taylor  family,  of  English  extraction,  was 
settled  more  than  two  hundred  years  ago.  His  mother, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Jane  Irwin,  was  born  in  A'irginia, 
of  Scotch-lrish  stock,  and  was  married  to  Joseph  Taylor  in 
1797.  In  1801  the  young  pair,  with  the  husband's  father, 
William  Taylor,  removed  to  Ross  county,  being  among  the 
first  settlers  of  the  county.  Here  James  Taylor  was  reared, 
contending  with  great  obstacles  in  securing  an  education, 
by  reason  of  the  limited  resources  of  the  county;  for  at 
this  time  wheat  sold  for  thirty  cents  and  corn  for  ten  cents 
per  bushel,  if  they  could  be  sold  at  all.  But  the  father, 
being  magistrate  and  school  commissioner,  employed  New 
England  teachers,  often  graduates  of  colleges,  who  made 
his  house  their  home.  Thus  a good  English  education  was 
secured  to  the  children,  while  the  presence  for  so  long  a 


92 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA, 


lime  of  educated  men  in  the  family  fostered  a taste  for 
reading  and  study.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  James  had 
chosen  medicine  as  Ids  future  profession,  and  advised  by 
an  old  family  physician  he  began  the  study  of  Latin  and 
anatomy  at  the  same  time.  In  1826  Dr.  John  Harris 
settled  in  Bainbridge,  having  an  excellent  reputation  as  a 
physician,  and  among  the  students  that  sought  his  instruc- 
tion the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  soon  numbered.  After  a 
year  of  close  application  to  study  on  the  part  of  his  scholar. 
Dr.  Harris  turned  his  own  special  attention  towards  the 
study  and  practice  of  dentistry.  The  works  of  Koeker, 
Bell,  Fitch  and  Hunter  were  procured  and  eagerly  read  by 
both  the  doctor  ami  his  student.  After  a lime  the  latter 
was  sent  to  Cincinnati,  to  purchase  the  requisite  instruments 
and  materials  for  work.  The  trip  was  made  on  horseback, 
and  it  required  several  days  to  find  files,  seniors,  forceps 
(at  that  time  very  rare),  elevators,  turnkeys,  hippopotamus’ 
tusks,  gold  and  tin  foil,  etc.,  etc.  A set  of  instruments 
worth  fifty  dollars  was  not  then  to  be  obtained  in  the  city. 
On  his  return  he  found  his  horse  lamed  at  Batavia,  and  to 
occupy  the  time  of  his  delay  the  young  dentist  began  to 
practise  with  such  success  that  he  soon  made  enough 
money  to  pay  for  his  new  instruments  and  the  whole  ex- 
jienses  of  the  trip.  Some  of  these  first  patients  in  after 
years  gave  him  their  practice  when  he  had  settled  in  the 
()ueen  City.  The  teacher  and  pupil,  being  now  in  partner- 
ship, visited  various  neighboring  towns,  among  others 
Greenfield,  twelve  miles  distant,  where  Dr.  C.  A.  Harris,  a 
brother  of  the  former,  was  then  practising  medicine.  This 
Dr.  Harris,  afterward  of  Baltimore,  was  soon  induced  to 
devote  himself  also  to  dental  science,  and  with  his  in- 
dustry, integrity  and  professional  pride,  proved  a great 
acquisition  to  the  profession.  After  tw'o  years  Dr.  John 
Harris  removed  permanently  to  Chillicothe,  and  Mr.  Taylor 
went  to  Hillsboro’,  placing  himself  under  the  t-uition  of  Dr. 
Kirby,  a noted  and  eminent  physician  of  that  town.  His 
dental  practice,  however,  by  which  he  supported  himself 
meanwhile,  so  interfered  with  his  medical  studies  that  he 
did  not  enter  the  medical  school  of  Transylvania  Univer- 
sity, Lexington,  Kentucky,  until  the  autumn  of  1830. 
After  having  passed  through  the  difficult  course  of  study  in 
this  school,  from  which  he  subsequently  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.,  he  retuimed  to  Ohio,  and  was  examined  and 
licensed  to  practise  by  a board  of  physicians  appointed  as 
censors  by  the  Legislature  to  examine  those  who  desired 
to  practise  medicine.  His  first  office  was  opened  in  Bain- 
bridge.  His  brother  Joseph  having  studied  dentistry  with 
him  previously,  had  spent  the  winter  of  1830  profitably  in 
Vicksburg,.  Mississi]ipi,  and  induced  James  to  return  to  that 
place  with  him  the  subsequent  winter.  The  latter  settled 
at  Port  Gibson  and  in  Natchez.  Thus  for  several  years  he 
spent  his  winters  in  the  South  and  his  summers  in  the 
North.  In  183.4.  Dr.  Taylor  decided  to  give  up  the  practice 
of  medicine,  although  he  was  very  successful  therein,  and 
devote  himself  wholly  to  dentistry.  And  he  has  ever 


deemed  his  medical  career  invaluable  to  his  success  in  his 
present  jirofession.  At  that  time  there  were  not  more  than 
a dozen  dentists  in  the  West,  and  few  of  these  had  made 
any  reputation  worth  naming.  Both  cities  and  towns  were 
small,  and  could  not  afford  a permanent  location  to  any 
professional  man.  Indeed,  ten  years  later,  though  the 
number  of  dentists  hatl  increased  fourfold,  yet  very  few  had 
attained  to  eminence.  After  assuming  the  practice  of 
dentistry  alone.  Dr.  Taylor  continued  his  winter  visits  South 
until,  in  1838,  he  had  accumulated  about  ^Ifiooo,  which 
he  invested  in  the  dry-goods  business  in  Bainbridge, 
placing  his  youngest  brother,  Irwin,  in  charge  of  the 
store.  His  eyes  threatening  to  fail  him,  shortly  after,  he 
feared  that  he  would  be  compelled  to  relinquish  his  pro- 
fession ; and,  selling  out  his  store,  he  removed  with  his 
brother  Irwin  to  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  taking  with  him 
a stock  of  goods.  But  here  he  .soon  found  himself  again  in 
full  practice,  visiting  Lafayette,  Covington  and  neighboring 
towns.  In  1841,  his  merchandise  not  proving  successful. 
Dr.  Taylor  closed  up  his  business  and  visited  his  old  field 
of  labor  in  the  South,  while  his  brother  went  to  Maysville, 
Kentucky,  to  study  dentistry  with  another  brother,  Joseph, 
who  had  several  years  before  settled  there.  Still  longing 
for  a permanent  settlement,  however,  in  1842  Dr.  James 
Taylor  bought  of  Dr.  Rostaing,  in  Cincinnati,  his  house, 
office,  instruments,  fixtures,  etc.,  and  enlisted  in  his  chosen 
profession  in  this  young  city,  then  numbering  about  60,000 
inhabitants.  Meanwhile  a fourth  brother,  Edward,  who 
had  also  studied  medicine  and  then  dentistry,  and  who  had 
pursued  the  same  career  of  vibration  between  the  North 
and  South,  and  was  settled  in  a successful  practice  in 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  was  now  induced  to  join  his  brother 
in  Cincinnati,  and  in  a few  years  they  had  built  up  a most 
flourishing  and  lucrative  practice,  with  a widespread  repu- 
tation. The  health  of  Edward,  however,  failing  after  some 
years.  Dr.  Joseph  Taylor,  of  Maysville,  took  his  place, 
while  the  former  retired  to  Cleveland  and  engaged  in 
horticultural  pursuits  there  until  his  death,  in  1867.  The 
two  remaining  brothers  extended  their  practice  among  the 
best  families  of  the  community,  and  became  well  known  in 
the  profession.  Thus  these  three  brothers  (the  younger,  a 
fourth  practitioner,  having  died  early)  laid  a broad  founda- 
tion for  the  rising  profession  of  dentistry,  and  by  their 
enthusiasm  and  labors  in  it  helped  to  give  it  that  high  pro- 
fessional character  and  standing  which  it  has  attained  not 
only  in  the  West,  hut  throughout  the  whole  001111117.  While 
thus  engaged  in  Cincinnati,  Dr.  James  Taylor  was  invited 
to  a chair  in  the  Dental  College  in  Baltimore,  wljich  had 
been  organized  by  his  quondam  friend.  Professor  C.  H. 
Harris;  but,  feeling  that  a college  of  dental  surgery  should 
be  established  in  the  West,  he  declined  the  flattering  offer. 
.“Vt  this  time  it  was  a serious  sacrifice  to  science  to  liecome 
a professor  in  a dental  college.  In  1S44  Dr.  Taylor  first 
advocated  the  necessity  of  a dental  school  for  Cincinnati. 
After  discussion  of  the  subject  with  Drs.  J.  W.  Cook  and 


'"‘JarnPui  Ce, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOP/IiDIA. 


93 


M.  Rogers,  they  concluded  to  apply  to  the  Legislature  for 
a charter.  After  some  opposition  the  charter  was  obtained, 
and  in  1845  the  college  was  organized.  Dr.  Taylor  being 
assigned  to  the  chair  of  Practical  Dentistry  and  Pharmacy. 
This  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery  was  the  second  of 
the  kind  in  this  country.  After  three  years  a new  assign- 
ment of  chairs  was  made,  and  that  of  the  Institutes  of 
Dental  .Science  was  allotted  to  Dr.  Taylor,  which  he  occu- 
pied for  si.xteen  or  eighteen  years,  when  he  voluntarily 
retired  with  the  honor  of  Emeritus  Professor.  He  has  con- 
tinued every  session  since  to  deliver  a few  lectures  to  the 
classes.  The  college  is  owned  by  an  association  of  dental 
surgeons.  Dr.  Taylor  being  a large  stockholder,  and  as 
President  of  the  Board  he  confers  the  degrees  at  the  annual 
commencements  upon  the  members  of  the  graduating  class. 
He  was  chosen  President  of  the  National  Convention  of 
Dentists,  which  met  in  Boston  in  1856.  Dr.  Taylor  with  his 
brothers  were  also  among  the  originators  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons,  which  is  the  oldest 
and  one  of  the  most  efficient  societies  in  the  United  States, 
and  which  was  organized  in  Cincinnati  in  1845.  The 
publication  of  the  Dental  Register  was  begun  in  1847,  ^"cl 
Dr.  T.iylor  being  the  only  resident  editor  in  Cincinnati, 
where  it  was  published,  the  editorial  duties  weie  largely- 
devolved  upon  him,  so  that  after  three  years  the  magazine 
was  placed  entirely  in  his  hands,  he  assuming  all  its 
e.xpenses.  For  nine  years  he  continued  to  edit  and  publish 
this  journal,  which  still  e.xists,  when  it  became  self-support- 
ing and  took  high  rank  among  the  leading  organs  of  the 
profession.  During  this  time  his  literary  contributions 
were  very  numerous,  embracing  well  nigh  every  topic 
relating  to  dental  practice,  and  in  many  cases  being 
original  and  thorough  discussions  of  subjects  which  had 
been  but  little  discussed  previously.  The  value  of  these 
articles  has  been  widely  acknowledged,  many  of  them 
having  been  republished  elsewhere.  Were  these,  with  his 
contributions  to  the  American  yournal  of  Dental  Science, 
his  numerous  addresses  to  the  graduating  classes  and  his 
carefully  prepared  lectures,  to  be  publiffied  together,  they 
would  make  several  large  volumes  of  great  interest  and 
practical  value.  In  1838  Dr.  Taylor  married  R.  Maria 
Applegate,  of  Monongahela  City,  Pennsylvania,  a most 
estimable  lady,  which  happy  union  was  severed  by  her 
death,  in  1858.  He  was  subsequently  married  to  Belle  P. 
McMaster,  of  Cincinnati,  a talented  and  accomplished  lady, 
beloved  by  all  who  knew  her,  but  who  died  in  1873. 

Taylor  remains  in  practice  in  Cincinnati,  having  as  his 
partner  his  nephew.  Dr.  Janies  1.  Taylor.  He  resides  on 
the  Kentucky  side  of  the  Ohio  river,  on  his  beautiful  sub- 
urban farm,  his  spacious  residence  overlooking  the  city, 
and  from  whose  conservatory  lovely  floral  offerings  are 
brought  to  adorn  his  city  office.  His  health  is  nearly  jicr- 
fect,  and  he  does  not  seem  to  be  more  than  forty-five  or 
fifty  years  of  age.  And  for  more  than  twenty  years  he  has 
been  a ruling  elder  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church, 


of  which  Dr.  T.  H.  Skinner  is  pastor,  and  where  he  is 
highly  esteemed  and  honored  by  the  congregation,  as  well 
as  by  the  entire  community. 


URCH,  CHAUNCEY  M.,  Merchant,  was  born  in 
Hebron,  Washington  county.  New  York,  April 
22d,  1816.  When  quite  young  his  father  removed 
to  the  western  part  of  that  State,  and  being  the 
oldest  of  fourteen  children  he  was  early  com- 
pelled to  assist  in  the  carrying  on  of  a farm  to 
support  this  large  family,  his  father’s  means  being  limited. 
He  continued  thus  employed  until  he  attained  his  majority, 
cultivating  the  farm  in  the  spring  and  summer  seasons,  and 
attending  the  district  schools  in  the  winter.  The  studies 
pursued  in  these  did  not  satisfy  him,  and  he  decided  to 
secure  a collegiate  education  at  his  first  opportunity.  He 
commenced  his  preparations  by  careful  study  in  select 
schools,  with  the  intention  of  entering  Gberlin  College,  a 
theological  institution  under  the  charge  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church.  Although  a member  of  this  denomination, 
Mr.  Murch  did  not  wholly  indorse  the  doctrines  taught  at 
Oberlin,  being  more  liberal  in  his  religious  opinions.  After 
a short  attendance  at  this  college,  this  among  other  reasons 
induced  him  to  withdraw  from  it,  which  he  did  upon  the 
expiration  of  one  term.  He  commenced  then  to  teach 
music,  and  continued  in  this  profession,  for  which  he  was 
in  many  ways  eminently  qualified,  for  twelve  years.  In 
1844  he  went  to  Cincinnati  and  entered  upon  the  manufac- 
ture of  an  improved  melodeon,  his  factory  being  the  first 
of  its  kind  established  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  At  the  end 
of  two  years  he  sold  an  interest  in  his  business  to  James  M. 
White,  and  the  firm  soon  extended  their  enterprise  to  em- 
brace the  manufacture  of  pianos.  The  factory  originally 
started  by  Mr.  Murch  was  the  first  business  house  on  Fourth 
street  west  of  Main.  Shortly  after  the  inaugural  of  the 
manufacture  of  pianos,  he  repurchased  the  interest  disposed 
of  to  Mr.  White,  and  since  then  has  continued  in  control 
of  the  entire  establishment  to  the  present  time.  P'or  the 
past  six  years  his  business  has  been  transacted  in  the 
splendid  four-story  stone  front  arcade  builditig,  on  Sixth 
street  near  Central  avenue.  This  imposing  edifice  was 
erected  by  him  with  the  view  of  occupying  the  lower  floors 
for  his  store,  and  of  fitting  the  upper  portions  for  the  use  of 
Masonic  lodges.  They  are  now  used  for  this  jnirposc,  and 
there  are  few  cities  possessing  lodge-rooms  more  spacious 
or  elegant  in  adornment.  Mr.  Murch  also  reared  a fine 
four-story  residence,  with  a front  of  cut  stone  embodying  a 
highly  ornamental  type  of  architecture,  on  Poplar  street. 
This  structure  has  a frontage  of  53  feet  and  a deplli  of  120, 
and  is  bi-sected  by  a large  hall.  It  contains  twenty-one 
large  rooms  and  a number  of  small  ones.  There  is  in  it  a 
handsome  parlor  for  dancing,  and  a hall  21  by  40  feet. 
The  building  is  surmounted  by  a beautifully  designed 


94 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-LDIA. 


observatory,  which  commands  a compreliensive  view  of  the 
city  and  surrounding  country.  This  handsome  structure  is 
occupied  by  Mr.  Murch’s  family,  and  is  in  its  appointments 
and  decoration  one  of  tlie  finest  private  mansions  in  the 
country.  Mr.  March,  when  lie  embarked  in  business  in 
Cincinnati,  had  a capital  of  $1500,  which  had  been  earned 
by  hard  labor  and  rigid  economy.  He  now  pays  in  taxes 
on  his  constantly-improving  real  estate  in  that  city  more 
than  three  times  that  sum.  His  fortune  has  been  amassed 
from  the  business  which  he  so  ably  conducted,  his  personal 
estate  being  in  itself  more  than  a competency.  His  genius 
for  invention  has  resulted  in  his  securing  several  valuable 
patent  rights,  one  of  them  being  for  “ Murch’s  street 
chariot,”  intended  to  supersede  the  common  street  car. 
This  chariot  is  made  in  two  sizes,  for  one  and  two  horses. 
Among  its  many  advantages  its  adaptability  for  running  on 
any  street,  without  tracks,  is  perhaps  its  chiefest.  It  is  now 
in  successful  operation  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
and  is  rapidly  being  introduced  in  other  cities.  He  has 
also  patented  a double  head  light  reflector,  w hich  has  been 
adopted  in  New  York  and  other  eastern  as  well  as  w'estern 
cities.  It  is  simple  in  construction,  less  expensive  than  any 
other  and  increases  the  light  from  one  burner  sixteen  times. 
Mr.  March  was  married  when  twenty-five  years  old  to 
Mary  K.,  daughter  of  Hon.  R.  W.  Gates,  of  New  York,  by 
whom  he  had  two  daughters,  w'ho  died  when  quite  young. 
11  is  wife  died,  October  20th,  1S46.  His  second  wife  was 
Ann,  daughter  of  Elijah  Carpenter,  of  New  York,  by  whom 
he  had  one  child,  a daughter,  who  died  of  scarlet  fever. 
Mr.  March  is  a man  of  great  energy  and  force  of  character. 
He  has  been  an  industrious  worker  and  has  achieved  his 
great  fortune  by  the  prudent  and  enterprising  management 
of  his  business.  He  has  done  much  to  beautify  the  city  in 
which  he  lives,  by  the  erection  of  handsome  buildings,  and 
to  improve  its  commercial  and  mercantile  interests,  by  the 
support  of  important  business  ventures.  He  is  greatly  re- 
spected for  his  services  a.;  a manufacturer  and  citizen,  and 
has  merited  the  esteem  and  confidence  wdth  which  he  is 
honored. 

HEPHERI),  HON.  HENRY  Senator  from  the 
Sixth  District  in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly 
of  Ohio,  w’as  born,  February  pih,  1843,  iu  High- 
land county.  His  p.arents  w'ere  William  A.  and 
I ranees  A.  (Rogers)  Shejrherd.  His  father  W’.as 
a physician,  and  practised  in  Highland  county 
until  October,  1S61,  when  he  removed  to  New  Vienna, 
Clinton  county,  wdiere  he  continued  to  follow  his  profession  j 
till  his  death,  which  occurred  May  13th,  1871.  Mr.  Shep- 
herd received  his  education  principally  in  the  common  j 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
began  the  study  of  medicine;  but  receiving,  by  a kick  from  j 
a horse,  a ]iersonal  injury  which  threatened  to  render  the  j 
practice  of  that  |)rofession  impossible,  after  two  years  he  j 


gave  it  up  and  began  tlic  study  of  law.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Washington  Court  House,  May  20th,  1867, 
and  .at  once  began  practice  in  Clinton  county.  In  1869  he 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  the  office  of  Probate 
Judge  of  Clinton  County;  but,  though  he  ran  ahead  of  his 
ticket  very  considerably,  he  was  defeated  by  a small  ma- 
jority, the  county  being  at  that  time,  as  now,  a Republican 
stronghold.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1870,  he  removed  to 
Hillsborough,  Highland  county,  where,  in  1872,  he  was 
again  nominated  for  Probate  Judge,  and  again  defeated. 
In  1S73  he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket  to  repre- 
sent his  district  in  the  Senate,  where  he  serves  on  the 
Judiciary  Committee,  Committee  on  .Statutes,  the  Committee 
on  Corporations  other  than  Municipal,  Federal  Relations, 
Railroads  and  Turnpikes,  Roads  and  Highways,  Revision, 
and  Privileges  and  Elections,  being  Chairman  of  the  last 
two.  By  that  law  of  intellectual  gravitation  which  regu- 
lates such  matters  Mr.  Shepherd  has  attained  a rank  among 
the  first  of  his  colleagues,  and  his  legislative  career  has 
been  marked  by  a degree  of  good  sense  and  independent 
judgment,  which  distinguish  the  statesman  who  serves  his 
constituency  rather  than  the  politician  who  connives  for  his 
party.  His  standing  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that,  in 
addition  to  the  important  regular  committees  on  which  he 
serves,  he  is  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Select  Committee  on 
Constitutional  Amendments,  regarded  as  the  most  impor- 
tant committee  of  the  General  Assembly,  At  the  age  of 
thirty-two  he  is  still  unmarried. 


^^^RYE,  WILLIAM  C.,  Treat 
(>rJJ  Ohio,  was  born  in  Wineb 
ber  5th,  1815.  He  is  the  ; 
a Methodist  Episcopal  r 
^ Frederick  county.  Virgin 


'reasurer  of  Cl.arke  Countv, 
achester,  Virginia,  Decem- 
son  of  George  M.  Frye, 
Methodist  Episcopal  minister  and  native  of 
Frederick  county,  Virginia,  and  Mary  (Wolfe) 
Frye,  also  a native  of  this  county  and  St.ate.  On 
the  paternal  side  he  is  remotely  of  German  extraction.  His 
grandfather,  Christopher  Frye,  was  a commissioned  officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  army.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Charlestown  Academy,  in  Virginia,  and  was  occiqned  by 
his  studies  until  1833.  He  then  moved  to  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  keeping 
a general  store  in  Greenfield  until  1848.  In  this  year  also 
he  removed  to  Springfield  and  became  connected  with  the 
business  of  banking,  remaining  in  association  with  the  Mad 
River  Valley  branch  of  the  Ohio  .State  Bank  until  1S56.  He 
was  then  elected,  on  the  American  ticket,  to  the  County 
Treasurership,  and  in  185S  \\;as  re-elected  Treasurer,  on 
the  Republican  ticket.  In  i860  he  became  joint  proprietor 
and  publisher  of  the  Sprinf^field  Repiihliccui,  and  sustained 
his  relations  with  that  organ  until  1862.  In  March,  1864, 
he  became  Cashier  of  the  Second  National  Bank,  then 
entering  011  its  existence,  and  was  connected  with  this  in- 
stitution until  July,  1869.  In  1870  he  established  a private 


IJIOGRArmCAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


95 


banking  firm,  under  the  style  of  Fryer,  McWilliams  & Co., 
which,  in  April,  1873,  was  merged  into  the  Lagonda  Na- 
tional Bank,  of  which  he  was  bookkeeper  until  September, 
1874.  He  was  then  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  Richard  Mountjoy,  Treasurer  of  Clarke 
county,  Ohio.  Later  in  the  year  he  was  formally  elected  to 
fill  the  Treasurership  for  a full  term.  He  was  married, 
January  26th,  1839,  to  Mary  K.  Bell,  of  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children;  six  of  these — 
two  sons  and  four  daughters — are  now  living. 


OOS,  JOSEPH,  was  born  in  Chester  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, about  1767.  His  father  was  a native  of 
Germany  and  his  mother  of  Wales.  He  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Tennessee,  and  afterwards  to 
Harrison  county,  Kentucky,  where,  in  1797,  he 
married  I.ydia  Nelson,  and  the  following  year 
moved  to  Franklin  (now  Columbus),  Ohio,  where  he  owned 
the  ferry  over  the  Sciota,  then  a franchise  of  great  value  ; 
he  also  kept  a large  tavern.  He  was  a man  of  fine  natural 
ability,  and  though  he  spoke  German  and  English  with 
fluency  and  elegance,  his  early  education  was  deficient. 
His  memory  was  remarkable,  and  his  perception  very  (piick  ; 
and  after  taking  private  instruction  of  an  Irish  schoolmaster, 
who  came  to  his  house  in  indigent  circumstances,  he  came 
to  be  regarded  as  a man  of  more  than  usual  acquirements, 
and  throughout  the  remainder  of  his  life  carried  on  a volu- 
minous correspondence  with  Clay,  Ewing,  Corwin,  Harrison 
and  other  contemporary  characters  of  prominence.  He  was 
a member  of  the  first  Legislature,  and  before  his  death  served 
twenty-five  sessions  in  the  Senate  and  House.  He  became 
an  eloquent  and  moving  speaker,  and  it  was  mainly  through 
his  persistent  efforts  that  the  capital  of  the  State  was  re- 
moved to  Columbus.  In  recognition  of  the  services  the 
authorities  of  the  city  afterwards  gave  him  a square  of 
ground,  allowing  him  to  choose  it  for  himself.  He  served 
in  the  war  of  1812,  rising  from  the  rank  of  Captain  to 
Brigadier- General.  During  the  years  of  this  war  and  the 
Indian  troubles  that  followed,  Franklin  w.as  an  important 
military  post  and  his  tavern  the  resort  of  the  army  officers. 
His  opportunities  for  making  money  were  very  great ; his 
ferry  alone,  during  the  movement  of  military  forces  and  the 
tide  of  emigration  sweeping  in  great  caravans  to  the  plains 
of  Illinois,  fre(iuently  netted  him  three  hundred  dollars  a 
(hay.  But  his  liberality  was  equal  to  his  resources.  His 
house  was  the  head-centre  for  political  agitators,  and  they 
were  always  needy.  Even  in  entertaining  such  men  as 
Clay  there  was  more  distinction  than  profit.  His  inffuence 
throughout  the  State  at  this  time  was  undoubtedly  very 
great,  but  it  suffered  a decline.  He  was  defeated  for  Con- 
gress, and  his  property  having  depreciated  by  the  changed 
circumstances  of  the  countrjq  he  removed  to  Madison  county 
and  engaged  in  farming.  About  1825  he  was  ajipointed 


General-in-Chief  of  the  State  Militia,  and  held  the  office 
until  his  death.  He  had  taken  a remarkable  interest  in  the 
study  of  geography,  and  when  the  subject  of  canals  was 
agitating  the  country,  after  the  inception  of  De  Witt  Clin- 
ton’s great  scheme  in  New  York,  his  attention  was  drawn 
to  the  feasibility  of  a ship  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 
He  opened  correspondence  with  the  Spanish  authorities, 
who  were  civil  enough  to  furnish  him  the  required  informa- 
tion in  furtherance  of  his  plan  fcrr  a grand  highway  of  na- 
tions; he  furnished  a pamphlet  with  a map.  M'hile  this 
was  remembered  it  was  known  as  “ Foos’  folly,”  but  sev- 
eral years  after  his  death  it  reflected  great  credit  on  his 
name,  when  some  controversy  arose  between  England  and 
the  United  States  on  the  subject  of  the  discovery  of  the  route, 
and  Tom  Corwin  arose  in  Congre.ss  and  drew  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  idea  had  originated  years  before  with  a 
citizen  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  General  Foos’  first  wife  died 
in  1810,  having  two  sons  and  two  daughters;  and  in  1812 
he  married  Margaret  Phifer,  of  Madison,  with  Mhom  he 
had  six  children,  five  sons  and  one  daughter.  He  died  in 
1S32,  and  was  buried  at  Columbus. 


OOS,  WILLIAM,  Banker,  was  born  in  P'ranklin 
county,  July  14th,  1814.  His  father  was  General 
Joseph  Foos;  his  mother  Margaret  (Phifer)  Foos. 
During  his  early  childhood  his  father  removed  to 
Madison  county  and  engaged  in  farming.  W'il- 
liam  received  a fair  English  education,  but  his 
father  dying  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  he  was  com- 
pelled afterwards  to  earn  his  own  living.  He  began  as 
clerk  in  a dry-goods  store,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
embarked  in  the  same  business  on  his  own  account  at 
Springfield,  Ohio,  at  which  he  continued,  in  connection  with 
his  brothers,  up  to  1856,  carrying  on  a large  trade  and  be- 
coming widely  known  throughout  the  county.  In  1858  he 
and  his  brother,  Gustavus  S.,  established  the  private  bank- 
ing house  of  I'oos  & Brother,  which  in  1861  wms  changed 
into  the  Second  National  Bank  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  of 
which  he  has  since  been  President.  Since  1865  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  mill  machinery  on  a 
large  scale  at  .Springfield,  the  works  furnishing  constant  em- 
ployment to  too  men.  The  Leffel  turbine  water-wheel,  an 
invention  of  one  of  the  partners  of  the  house,  is  a specialty. 
His  son,  Lamar  Foos,  is  associated  in  the  business,  and  has 
charge  of  the  foreign  trade  at  a branch  house  in  New'  York 
city.  Mr.  Foos  has  a farm  of  4000  acres  under  a high  state 
of  cultivation  in  Champaign  county,  Illinois.  The  wdiole  is 
under  the  management  of  a steward,  who  accounts  and  re- 
ports to  Mr.  Foos  at  stated  jieriods.  It  has  been  his  pride 
to  make  this  a model  and  remunerative  farm  ; it  is  finely 
stocked,  and  contains  over  thirty  miles  of  fence.  It  is  cut 
through  the  centre  by  the  Chicago  & Paducah  Railway; 
and  two  years  since  he  has  had  a depot  erected,  and  laid  off 


96 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


lots  for  a village,  which  is  called  Foosland,  in  which  he  has 
already  sold  all  the  lots,  and  which  will  probably  grow  to 
preserve  his  name  anil  commemorate  his  enterprise  among 
the  generations  of  the  future.  August  ayih,  1837,  he  mar- 
ried Sarah,  daughter  of  James  and  Nancy  (Van  Kirk)  Mark, 
of  Madison  county,  and  with  her  he  had  two  children, 
Lamar  and  Fergas  W.,  cashier  of  the  Second  National  Bank. 


[RICHARD,  GEORGE  A.,  Wholesale  Shoe  Mer- 
chant and  Manufacturer,  was  born  in  West  Brook- 
field, Worcester,  Massachusetts,  December  5th, 
1815.  He  was  educated  at  New  Ipswich,  New 
Hampshire.  Wdiile  in  his  twentieth  year,  he 
launched  himself  into  the  current  of  business  life 
on  his  own  resources,  and  found  employment  in  a dry-goods 
store  in  Boston.  At  the  expiration  of  one  year  he  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1837,  and  here  entered,  in  the  capac- 
ity of  clerk,  the  store  of  John  Chillits.  A year  or  more 
elapsed,  and  finally,  having  received  various  promising  of- 
fers from  the  West,  he  decided  to  embark  in  the  business 
enterprises  thus  brought  under  his  notice.  At  the  termina- 
tion of  several  years  of  interesting  and  valuable  experience 
in  business  matters  in  the  new  field  of  labor,  he  returned  to 
Cincinnati  in  1S42  and  established  himself  in  the  retail  and 
jobbing  shoe  trade,  which  ultimately  was  changed  into  the 
jobbing  trade  exclusively.  In  1847,  after  five  years  of  great 
success,  he  connected  his  house  with  that  of  Charles  B. 
Johnson,  under  the  firm-name  of  Johnson,  Prichard  & Co. 
This,  after  being  developed  into  one  of  the  most  extensive 
and  prosperous  wholesale  .shoe  establishments  in  Cincinnati, 
was  disposed  of  by  sale,  and  a new  and  even  more  exten- 
sive business  projected  in  Boston,  Massachusetts.  The  latter 
venture  not  meeting  with  desirable  success,  he  returned  to 
Ohio  and  bought  a farm,  situated  near  Lebanon,  where  he 
remained  until  1861.  He  then  returned  to  Cincinnati,  and 
purchased  the  shoe  establishment  of  Moses  Brooks,  which 
under  his  able  management  rapidly  became  a very  prosper- 
ous business.  In  January,  1871,  he  closed  out  all  his  in- 
terest and  business  in  the  jobbing  of  Eastern  goods,  and 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  an  entire  line  of  goods  for 
the  Western  trade.  1 le  accordingly  engaged  all  his  energies 
and  resources  exclusively  in  manufacturing  for  the  supply 
of  dealers  in  the  West,  and  made  for  them  in  his  factory 
boots  and  shoes  of  every  kind  and  style  demanded.  No 
shoe  manufacturer  had  ]ireceded  him  in  this  enterprise,  and 
by  many  of  the  more  timid  houses  it  was  regarded  as  a 
bold  and  hazardous  venture.  At  the  present  time  it  is  the 
only  shoe  manufactoiy  in  the  city  where  so  many  lines  and 
such  great  variety  of  styles  and  grades  of  goods  are  made. 
In  1873  fitted  up  a large,  extensive  factory  on  Lock 
street,  which  is,  confessedly,  unrivalled  throughout  the  West 
as  a thoroughly-arranged  and  commodious  establishment ; 
while  its  operations  are  greatly  facilitated  by  his  promptness 


and  shrewdness  in  availing  himself  of  every  new  invention 
or  improvement  connected  with  shoemaking  machinery. 
He  constantly  employs  several  hundreds  of  hands,  and  turns 
out  annually  several  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars 
worth  of  stock.  He  is  now  one  of  the  wealthy  men  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  is  widely  esteemed  as  an  able  and  enterprising 
man  of  business. 


^UTCHINS,  FRANCIS  E.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born,  .September  l6th,  1827,  in  Litchfield  county, 
Connecticut.  His  parents  were  Myron  M.  and 
Mary  M.  (Porter)  Hutchinson;  the  former  born 
in  Vermont,  the  latter  in  Connecticut.  The 
family  in  1833  removed  to  and  settled  in  Summit 
county,  Ohio,  where  they  remained  until  1835,  when  they 
removed  to  Kalamazoo  county,  Michigan.  His  father  was 
by  occupation  a farmer.  Leaving  Michigan  in  1844  they 
returned  to  Ohio,  locating  at  Youngstown,  then  in  Trumbull, 
now  in  Mahoning  county.  Want  of  opportunity,  both  in 
Michigan  and  after  his  return  to  Ohio,  prevented  young 
Hutchinson  from  deriving  much  benefit  from  even  such 
schools  as  the  county  afforded  in  that  early  day,  and  as  to 
his  education  he  is  mainly  self-taught.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  he  entered  upon  the  .study  of  the  law  at  Youngstown, 
in  the  office  of  William  Ferguson,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1851.  During  his 
legal  studies,  at  the  suggestion  of  his  law  preceptor,  he 
dropped  the  last  syllable  of  his  name,  and  has  ever  since 
been  known  by  the  name  of  Hutchins.  On  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  he  formed  a partnership  with  his  former  preceptor 
at  Youngstown,  where  he  continued  to  juactise  until  the 
spring  of  1859,  when  he  located  in  M^arren,  Ohio,  where  he 
has  since  continued  to  practise  and  reside. 


|UTZ,  HON.  LAWRENCE,  Jr.,  Mayor  of  Dayton, 
Ohio,  was  born  at  Sidney,  Shelby  county,  Ohio, 
July  26tb,  1838,  being  the  son  of  Lawrence  and 
Elizabeth  (Spitznagel)  Butz,  both  of  whom  were 
natives  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  near  Straus- 
burg.  . He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  D.ayton,  to  which,  when  he  was  quite  young,  his  parents 
moved.  He  graduated  in  Latin,  French,  German  and 
English,  from  the  College  of  Nazareth,  a Catholic  institution 
near  the  city,  lately  transformed  into  St.  Mary’s  Institute. 
Having  acquired  a liberal  and  substantial  education,  when 
sixteen  years  of  age,  he  was  withdrawn  from  school  and  em- 
ployed in  his  father’s  grocery  store  as  attendant  and  book- 
keeper. He  continued  in  this  capacity  until  1861,  when 
his  father  admitted  him  to  a partnership  interest,  and  the 
operations  of  the  firm  were  extended  to  embrace  pork- 
packing and  candle-making.  In  this  line  of  trade  he  con- 
tinued with  great  success  up  to  the  time  of  his  election  to 


i;  lOG  R A I>I  1 1C  A L ENC  YC  LO  P/ED I A . 


97 


the  Mayoralty  of  Dayton,  when  he  disposed  of  his  business 
in  order  to  give  his  entire  attention  to  the  responsible  duties 
of  the  office  to  which  he  had  been  called  by  the  suffrages  of 
his  fellow-citizens.  On  April  6th,  1874,  he  was  elected,  on 
the  Democratic  ticket,  as  Mayor,  receiving  a majority  of 
403  votes  over  hi^ opponent,  David  A.  Hook;  and  since  His 
inaugural  in  that  office  he  has  discharged  its  duties  with 
dignity,  with  great  care  and  with  fidelity,  unbiased  by  any 
partisan  feeling.  He  has  always  been  an  active  Democrat, 
and  for  a long  time  was  a member  of  the  Central  Committee 
for  Montgomery  county.  He  has  always  taken  a deep  in- 
terest in  municipal  affairs,  supporting  all  public  improve- 
ments, and  exerting  his  influence  and  his  energy  as  a busi- 
ness man  to  increase  the  mercantile  welfare  of  the  city  over 
which  he  now  presides.  For  three  years  he  served  the 
Eighth  Ward  in  the  City  Councils,  and  also  fdled  a term  in 
the  Board  of  Health.  He  was  married,  on  Noi’ember  26th, 
1S61,  to  Louisa  Schafer,  of  Dayton,  who  was  born  July 
loth,  1841. 


ELL,  HON.  WILLIAM,  Jr.,  Secretary  of  State 
for  Ohio,  was  born  in  Licking  county,  August 
23d,  1827,  his  parents  having  been  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Hanger)  Bell.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
by  occupation  a farmer.  His  mother  was  a Vir- 
ginian by  birth,  and  her  name  is  well  known  and  her  con- 
nections are  many  in  the  “Old  Dominion  ” State.  Mr.  Bell 
wa.s  educated  at  Martinsburg  Academy,  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  and  made  rapid  progress  in  the  various  branches  of 
English  culture.  Upon  leaving  that  institution  he  remained 
with  his  father  until  1852,  when  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
lacking  county,  and  discharged  all  the  duties  of  that  station 
with  fidelity  and  intelligence.  Soon  after  the  expiration  of 
his  term  he  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Newark,  and  re- 
tained this  position  until  1858, when  the  peojrle  of  the  county 
again  elected  him  to  the  Sheriffalty.  In  i860  they  honored 
him  in  the  same  form,  and  the  care  with  which  he  adminis- 
tered his  trust  indicated  how  completely  they  had  estimated 
his  character  as  a faithful  and  energetic  official.  He  acted 
as  .\uditor  of  Licking  county  from  1864  to  1870,  serving  three 
successive  terms.  In  1871  he  was  chosen  from  that  county 
to  the  lower  House  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1873  was 
re-elected.  These  di.stinctions,  so  thoroughly  merited  and 
so  generously  conferred,  prepared  the  way  for  his  election 
in  1874  to  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State,  which  station 
he  now  fills.  \\  hile  a member  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives he  was  Chairman  of  the  Standing  Committee  on  Public 
Works,  and  a member  of  the  Committees  on  Insurance  and 
Municipal  Corporations.  He  has  been  a life-long  Democrat, 
and  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  campaign  or- 
ganizations of  that  party.  His  friends  are  not  all  within  the 
lines  of  this  party,  however.  His  genial  disposition,  affable 
manners,  and  sterling  qualities  have  won  the  personal  sup- 
13 


port  of  many  who  differ  with  him  in  political  doctrine.  His 
career  has  been  one  of  success,  due  perhaps  entirely  to  the 
manner  in  which  he  has  discharged  the  duties  of  every  trust ; 
and  there  is  a fair  probability  that  his  progress  will  realize 
the  expectations  of  his  friends.  On  January  1st,  1856,  he 
married  Lizzie  A.  Ocheltree,  of  Newark,  and  this  wedlock 
has  been  blessed  with  three  children,  one  son  and  two 
daughters. 


TRIBLEY,  GEORGE,  Shoe  Manufacturer,  was 
born  at  St.  Columb,  Cornwall,  England,  April 
6th,  1824.  His  ancestors  for  many  generations 
back  lived  and  died  in  this  place.  His  father 
was  a miller,  and  naturally  endowed  with  unusual 
mechanical  ability.  He  received  the  education 
usually  obtained  by  boys  in  his  condition  of  life  in  England, 
and,  always  a lover  of  literature,  added  greatly  to  his  store 
of  attainments  by  a varied  course  of  reading  pursued  on  all 
favorable  occasions.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  learn  the  trade  of  shoemaking,  and,  in  accordance 
with  English  custom,  was  engaged  at  it  during  the  succeed- 
ing period  of  six  years.  On  the  completion  of  his  appren- 
ticeship he  remained  in  England  for  about  three  years, 
working  at  his  trade  during  this  time,  and  having  heard 
much  concerning  the  golden  opportunities  offered  to  young 
men  in  the  United  States,  decided  to  emigrate  to  the  land 
of  promise.  Leaving  his  country,  accordingly,  he  finally 
arrived  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  November,  1847,  having  be- 
fore quitting  England  selected  that  city  as  his  objective 
point.  He  then  worked  as  a journeyman  in  various  shops 
for  several  years,  but  not  finding  sufficient  occupation  to  con- 
sume all  his  time,  purchased  some  stock,  entered  on  the 
role  of  manufacturer,  and  sold  his  work  to  the  retail  traders. 
Disposing  profitably  and  easily  of  all  his  wares,  he  con- 
tinued this  sy.stem  of  business,  adding  a hand  when  he  saw 
that  prospects  warranted  the  acquisition  with  its  attendant 
expense.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Walnut.  Hills,  where  he 
opened  his  business  afresh  and  conducted  it  on  a larger 
scale.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  con- 
trolled a force  of  fifty  hands,  and  was  the  possessor  of  a 
flourishing  business.  After  the  cessation  of  the  depression 
attending  the  opening  years  of  the  conflict  the  demand  for 
his  Work  became  great  and  pressing,  and  he  rajtidly  accumu- 
lated wealth.  As  early  as  October,  1851,  he  had  made  use 
of  the  “ Blodgett  & Lerow  stitching-machine  for  fitting  up- 
pers ” — his  machine  being  the  first  of  its  kind  used  in  the 
West — and  in  December,  1S62,  he  introduced  into  his  busi- 
ness the  now  celebrated  “ McKay  sole  sewing-machine,” 
the  first  one  set  up  on  the  western  side  of  the  Alleghenies. 
The  initiatory  introd  iction  of  this  machinery  required  a 
prolonged  struggle  on  his  part,  for  the  machine  accomplish- 
ing successfully  the  work  of  many  men,  its  overthrow  was, 
naturally,  earnestly  determined  upon.  Not  only  was  the 
opposition  of  workmen  to  be  stemmed  and  turned,  but  also 


BIOGRAI’IIICAL  ENCVCI.Or.EDlA. 


9S 


the  prejudice  eradicated  from  the  tradesmen's  minds  con- 
cerning the  inferiority  of  machine-made  work.  The  war 
continued,  however,  until  the  rebellion  created  a new  de- 
mand for  shoes,  and  it  was  discovered  also  that  men  with 
little  or  no  knowledge  of  the  shoemaker’s  trade  could  use 
the  machinery  profitably.  Also  the  merchants  began  to  un- 
derstand that  machine-work  was  not  a deception,  and  their 
doubts  once  removed,  the  demand  for  it  received  a fresh 
impetus.  He  then,  from  time  to  time,  continued  to  intro- 
duce machinery  into  his  business,  until  his  establishment,  as 
now  conducted,  contains  specimens  of  all  the  useful  shoe- 
machinery  in  existence.  After  fairly  launching  his  business 
into  the  new  order  of  things,  the  Sons  of  St.  Crispin  ap- 
peared on  the  scene,  and  by  this  association  he  was  persist- 
ently and  determinedly  attacked.  Their  hostile  measures, 
however,  were  fated  to  end  in  failure ; for,  organizing  the 
Manufacturers’  Association,  he  succeeded  within  a brief 
jieriod  in  quelling  their  spirit,  and  eventually  was  instru- 
mental in  securing  their  defeat  as  a partisan  organization. 
His  Inisiness  increasing  beyond  the  capacity  of  his  place  at 
Walnut  Hills,  he  moved  to  Pearl  street,  where  he  has  since 
remained,  fie  now  turns  out  daily  looo  pairs  of  women’s, 
misses’  and  children’s  shoes,  and  he  is  second  to  none 
throughout  the  West  in  the  amount  of  work  done,  in  the 
character  of  his  wares,  and  in  the  excellence  of  his  reputa- 
tion. For  three  different  years  he  has  received  the  highest 
rewards  offered  on  manufactured  goods  in  his  line  in  the 
various  expositions ; and  his  business  relations  extend  over 
all  the  Western  and  Southwestern  States,  and  amount  to 
four  or  five  hundred  thousands  of  dollars  per  annum. 
Owing  to  the  unceasing  pressure  of  business  he  has  been 
prevented  from  taking  an  active  part  in  the  political  move- 
ments of  the  day,  but  has  served  two  terms  in  the  Board  of 
Aldermen.  As  early  as  1863  he  made  the  needed  applica- 
tion of  steam  to  the  working  of  shoe-machineiy,  and  was  the 
first  manufacturer  who  operated  by  steam  the  common  sew- 
ing-machine, or  applied  steam  in  the  use  of  any  shoe-ma- 
chinery west  of  the  mountains.  He  is  a valued  member  of 
several  social  orders,  and  is  veiy  influential  in  the  move- 
ments, political  and  social,  of  the  community  amid  which 
he  is  esteemed  and  respected. 


ENXKENSTEIN,  JULIUS,  Merchant,  was  horn 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June  26th,  1846,  and  is  the 
son  of  John  Christian  Benckenstein,  who  emi- 
grated from  Prussia  in  1830  and  settled  in  Balti- 
more in  1831  ; he  then  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio;  he  was  engaged  through  life  as  a gardener 
and  florist,  and  until  his  death,  which  occurred  March  7th, 
1868,  was  the  owner  of  the  place  known  as  “ Benckenstein’s 
Garden.”  Julius  was  educated  in  Cincinnati,  and  graduated 
from  one  of  its  institutes  of  learning  in  1865.  He  subse- 
quently entered  the  retail  boot  and  shoe  store  of  C.  T.  Spear 


as  clerk,  and  remained  there  .for  about  one  year.  He  then 
found  employment  as  head  salesman  in  the  wholesale  boot 
and  shoe  house  of  J.  S.  Howe,  128  Walnut  street,  between 
Third  and  Fourth  streets,  where  he  remained  for  a period 
of  six  years,  serving  during  the  latter  portion  of  this  time  in 
the  capacity  of  buyer  for  the  establishment.  In  1871  he 
formed  a copartnership  with  James  P.  McNamara,  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  on  the  wholesale  auction  and  commission 
boot  and  shoe  business.  Their  house  was  opened  at  Nos. 
37  and  39  West  Pearl  street,  where  a successful  business  at- 
tended their  united  efforts.  October  1st,  1874,  he  purchased 
the  entire  interest  of  his  associate;  and  continued  the  busi- 
ness under  the  firm-style  of  “Julius  Benckenstein  tS;  Co.,” 
which  name  has  been  retained  up  to  the  present  time.  He 
is  now  proprietor  of  one  of  the  largest  boot  and  shoe  houses 
in  the  city,  and  does  an  annual  business  of  over  8400,000 — a 
larger  business  perhaps  than  is  done  by  any  other  house  of  its 
age  in  Cincinn.ati.  Aside  from  his  regular  business  he  has 
made  some  very  profitable  investments  in  city  real  estate,  the 
taxes  on  which  amount  to  over  $1000  peryear.  His  residence, 
with  extensive  attached  grounds,  on  the  corner  of  Hamson 
and  McLean  avenues,  is  cited  as  one  of  the  handsome.st 
places  of  its  kind  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  Commencing 
his  business  career  with  a small  capital,  he  has,  through  the 
medium  of  natural  ability,  reinforced  by  strict  habits  of 
regularity,  incessant  attention,  and  unvarying  integrity  in  all 
the  affairs  of  life,  won,  and  deservedly  won,  a place  among 
the  leading  citizens  and  merchants  of  Cincinnati,  and  ac- 
cumulated a very  large  fortune.  He  was  married,  June 
ilth,  1868,  to  Lizzie  Schwcnkmeyer,  by  Rev.  Joel  Swartz, 
pastor  of  the  First  English  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of 
Cincinnati,  of  which  both  he  and  his  wife  are  members. 
The  fruits  of  this  union  have  been  three  children,  two  sons 
and  one  daughter;  Leonard  Frederic,  Carrie  Sadie,  and 
Julius  James. 

MIZER,  WESLEY,  M.  D.,  was  horn  in  Clermont 
county,  Ohio,  February  28th,  1828.  He  was  the 
youngest  of  seven  children.  His  father,  Philip 
Sniizcr,  was  a native  of  Maryland,  and  engaged 
extensively  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  became 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Clermont  county,  re- 
siding there  until  his  death,  which  occurred  on  July  5th, 
1839.  His  mother,  Mary  Cannon,  was  a native  of  Ohio, 
and  died  in  1870.  Wesley  Smizer  when  quite  young  was 
taught  to  take  part  in  the  labors  of  the  farm,  hut  notwith- 
standing this,  his  education  was  very  liberal,  being  received 
at  the  best  institutions  of  his  native  county.  In  1849  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  direction  of 
Henry  Smizer,  a prominent  physician  of  Waynesville,  War- 
ren county,  Ohio,  reading  diligently  for  a period  of  three 
years ; he  graduated  in  1856.  He  then  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Paducah,  Kentucky,  which  he  continued 
for  about  eight  months,  when  his  health  failing,  he  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


99 


obliged  to  return  to  Waynesville,  « here  he  remained  three 
years.  He  attended  a course  of  lectures  at  the  Cincinnati 
Eclectic  College,  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in 
1856;  immediately  afterwards  locating  in  Sharonville, 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  where  he  has  resided  up  to  the 
present  time,  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  vocation 
and  commanding  a very  large  practice.  In  matters  of  re- 
ligion, the  doctor’s  views  are  very  liberal,  not  being  limited 
by  the  doctrines  of  any  particular  church.  Politically,  he 
is  a Democrat.  In  social  life  he  is  pleasant  and  genial, 
rather  reserved  in  disposition,  avoiding  any  attempt  of 
display,  and  to  an  attentive  observer  his  face  indicates  a 
character  resolute  and  distinguished  for  uprightness.  He 
was  married  in  the  year  1S58  to  Elizabeth  Hook,  a native 
of  Hamilton  county.  Her  father,  William  Hook,  was  a 
prominent  resident  and  successful  farmer  of  that  place. 

o'  -^y^sVLL,  HON.  FL.VMEN,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  New 
-J  -c  York  city,  January  5th,  iSog,  being  the  only  son 
fo  I I Flamen  Ball,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  that  place, 
and  a lineal  descendant  of  Allen  Ball,  who,  in 
i6’43,  was  one  of  the  founders  and  proprietors 
of  the  colony  of  New  Haven,  and  a grandson  of 
Rev.  Eliphalet  Ball,  the  founder  of  Ballston,  Saratoga 
county.  New  York,  which  was  named  after  him.  In  the 
year  1S32  Mr.  Ball  removed  from  New  York  to  Cincinnati, 
with  his  wife  Evelina,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Cap- 
tain Samuel  Candler.  In  1838,  having  adopted  his  father’s 
profession,  he  formed  a law  partnership  with  lion.  Salmon 
P.  Chase,  late  Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States,  the  firm- 
name  being  that  of  Chase  & Ball.  They  established  them- 
selves in  a large  and  valuable  general  practice,  and  re- 
mained in  partnership  for  over  twenty  years,  winning  their 
way  to  eminence  as  lawyers  of  commanding  talent.  Their 
reputation  became  more  than  a local  one:  it  was  national, 
for  they  appeared  as  leading  counsel  in  important  civil  and 
criminal  actions  in  the  State  and  Federal  courts  of  all 
sections,  and  conducted  cases  which  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  entire  country.  They  were  influential  in  political 
affairs,  giving  their  counsel  and  energy  to  movements 
which  affected  the  civil  affairs  of  the  n.ation.  It  was  per- 
haps as  much,  if  not  more,  to  Mr.  Ball’s  sagacity  and 
fidelity,  than  to  the  influence  of  any  one  else,  that  Mr. 
Chase  was  indebted  for  his  rapid  advancement  to  promi- 
nence in  political  affairs.  Unfortunately,  for  the  continu- 
ance of  a law  firm  which  had  covered  .so  great  a field  of 
labor  and  had  achieved  so  sjrlenclid  a reputation,  the  in- 
satiable love  of  public  office  which  animated  Mr.  Chase, 
and  his  growing  ambition  for  the  Presidency,  finally 
wrought  the  dissolution  of  a partnership  which  was  known 
as  the  oldest  and  characterized  as  the  ablest  in  the  West. 
In  1861  President  Lincoln,  who  before  his  election  was 
known  as  a thoroughly  read  and  skilful  lawyer,  and  a warm 


personal  friend  of  both  Messrs.  Ball  and  Chase,  called  upion 
the  latter  to  fill  the  Secretaryship  of  the  Treasury.  At  the 
same  time  he  appointed  Mr.  Ball  as  Attorney  for  the 
United  .States  for  the  Southern  Di.strict  of  Ohio,  in  which 
capacity,  shouldering  the  entire  responsibility  of  conducting 
that  office  himself  and  avoiding  a division  of  the  labor  by 
the  aid  of  assistants,  he  served  the  country  throughout  the 
rebellion  with  zeal  and  ability.  The  war  brought  up  many 
new  and  grave  questions,  and  developed  cases  of  an  al- 
together novel  and  intricate  character;  but  he  became  the 
master  of  them  all.  These  questions  related  to  supplies  for 
the  army  and  navy,  to  the  duties  of  provost  marshals,  asses- 
sors and  collectors,  to  the  seizure  of  goods,  contraband  of 
war,  shipped  in  aid  of  the  rebellion.  There  were  frequent 
criminal  prosecutions  for  resisting  officers,  for  obstructing 
the  draft  and  for  the  violation  of  the  revenue  laws.  All 
these,  to  the  detriment  of  his  large  private  practice,  fully 
occupied  his  time.  In  1867,  upon  the  passage  of  the  Bank- 
rupt law,  Mr.  Chase  then  being  Chief-Justice,  he  appointed, 
by  virtue  of  powers  delegated  to  him  by  that  law  for  the 
selection  of  registers  in  bankruptcy,  Mr.  Ball  to  the  office 
of  Register.  This  important  jiosition,  unsolicited  by  him,  he 
accepted,  and  still  fills  it  acceptably.  The  beautiful  village 
of  Clifton — a suburb  of  Cincinnati — where  Mr.  Ball  has  re- 
sided uninterruptedly  for  more  than  a quarter  of  a century, 
owes  its  development  to  him.  In  1849  conceived  the 
plan  of  a municipal  or  chartered  corporation  for  the  govern- 
ment and  protection  of  that  then  small  settlement,  com- 
posed mainly  of  merchants  and  professional  men  whose 
health  required  the  invigorating  stimulus  of  pure  country 
air.  A meeting  was  held  at  his  residence,  at  which  he 
presented  the  draft  of  a law  for  the  incorporation  of  Clifton 
as  a municipality,  and  a petition  addressed  to  the  General 
Assembly  praying  for  its  passage.  This  petition  being 
signed  was  duly  presented  to  the  Assembly,  which,  in 
March,  1850,  granted  a special  charter  for  the  incorjjoration 
of  that  village.  Mr.  Ball  consented  to  serve  as  its  Mayor, 
and  ex-ojjicio  President  of  its  Council,  and  for  nearly  twenty 
years  acted  in  this  capacity.  In  1834,  with  others,  he 
established  the  Young  Men’s  Bible  Society,  and  for  fifteen 
years  acted  as  its  Corresponding  Secretary.  Upon  his  re- 
tirement he  was  created  a director  for  life  of.,lhe  American 
Bible  Society,  as  a mark  of  respect  for  his  character  and 
long-continued  and  faithful  labors.  In  1849  he  was  chosen 
by  the  Cener.al  As.sembly  of  Ohio  a trustee  of  the  Ohio 
Medical  College,  and  still  holds  that  office.  For  the  past 
si.xteen  years  he  has.  served  as  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  that  venerable  institution.  Mr.  Ball  was  ori- 
ginally a Democrat,  but  upon  the  formation  with  the  Free- 
soil  and  Republican  ])arties,  in  the  organization  he  aided 
largely,  he  has  co-operated  with  them  in  the  belief  that 
through  their  agency  the  jrrinciples  of  pure  Democr.acy 
might  be  best  established  and  jiromoted.  As  a lawyer,  Mr. 
Ball  is  profoundly  read  in  all  deparlments  of  the  science  of 
jurisprudence.  He  is  a forcible  and  eloquent  advocate. 


lOO 


IJIOGRAPIUCAL  EXCYCLOIMCDIA. 


and  is  careful  in  the  preparation  and  management  of  the 
cases  intrusted  to  him.  lie  is  greatly  esteemed  for  his 
social  as  well  as  professional  qualities,  and  for  the  support 
he  has  given  to  works  of  a public  character.  In  1864  his 
first  wife  was  removed  by  death,  and  in  1S73  he  was  again 
married  to  Elizabeth  II.  Parmlee,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York. 


NOW  EES,  SAMUEL  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Athens,  Athens  county,  Ohio,  August  25th,  1S25. 
He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  His  grand- 
father, a Highlander,  was  a soldier  and  an  active 
participant  in  the  Revolutionary  conflict.  His 
grandmother  was  a native  of  Ireland.  His  earlier 
education  was  acquired  at  the  Ohio  Lhiiversity,  located  in 
his  native  place.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  course  of  studies 
in  this  institution  he  began  the  reading  of  law  under  the 
instructions  of  Hon.  L.  L.  .Smith  and  L.  Jewett,  of  Athens, 
Ohio.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  from  1852 
to  1856  officiated  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  same 
county,  having  been  twice  elected  to  that  position.  In  the 
spring  of  1861  he  removed  to  Marietta,  Ohio,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  engaged  in  successful  and  professional  labors. 
Erom  May  to  October,  l86q,  he  acted  as  Captain  of  a com- 
pany of  infantry  in  the  148th  Regiment  of  Ohio  National 
Guards,  stationed  at  Bermuda  Hundreds.  He  was  subse- 
quently mustered  out  of  the  service.  For  four  years,  from 
1862  to  1S66,  he  presided  as  Mayor  of  Marietta,  and  for 
two  years,  from  January,  1S66,  served  in  the  Ohio  Senate 
from  the  counties  of  Noble,  W'ashington  and  Morgan.  In 
October,  1875,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas  of  the  Third  .Subdivision  of  the  .Seventh  Judicial 
District  of  Ohio,  and  entered  at  once  upon  the  discharge 
of  his  office,  in  which  capacity  he  is  now  serving.  He 
was  married,  June  23d,  1852. 


PENCE,  GEORGE,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Clarke 
county.  May  22d,  1828.  His  parents  were  W'il- 
liam  and  Elizabeth  (W^ones)  Spence,  both  natives 
of  Yorkshire,  England,  who  came  to  this  country 
about  1816  and  settled  on  government  land  in 
Clarke  county.  George  was  the  seventh  son  in  a 
family  of  thirteen  children.  He  received  the  most  of  his 
education  at  the  public  schools,  working  on  his  father’s 
farm  during  the  summer  and  attending  school  in  the  winter. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  sustained  very  severe  personal 
injuries,  having  both  legs  and  one  arm  broken  in  a thresh- 
ing machine,  which  unfitted  him  for  the  heavy  manual 
labor  of  the  farm,  and  probably  had  some  influence  in  de- 
termining his  career.  He  was  sent  for  a short  time  to  the 
old  Springfield  Academy,  and  in  1848  began  the  study  of 
law  with  the  distinguished  firm  of  Rodgers  & White.  On 


April  19th,  1850,  he  was  admitted  to  the  liar,  and  soon 
after  began  practice  in  Springfield,  where  he  has  ever  since 
remained,  having  acquired  an  extensive  practice  and  high 
standing  at  the  bar.  He  has  been  a constant  sufferer  from 
the  injuries  received  in  his  youth,  but  the  great  vitality  of 
his  nature  and  the  energy  of  his  character  have  sustained 
and  impelled  him  to  a life  of  more  than  usual  activity. 
Though  seldom  a candidate  for  office,  he  has  taken  a 
prominent  part  in  politics.  In  1S60  he  was  a delegate  to 
the  National  Democr.atic  Convention  at  Charleston,  and, 
after  the  adjournment  to  Baltimore,  sustained  the  Northern 
wing  in  the  nomination  of  Douglas.  He  was  also  a dele- 
gate to  the  Chicago  Convention  that  nominated  McClellan 
and  Pendleton,  in  1864.  He  has  frequently  been  a member 
of  the  State  Convention,  and  active  on  the  Committee  on 
Resolutions.  In  1865  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  Treasurer  of  State,  but  with  the  whole  of  his  party  sus- 
tained defeat.  His  influence  in  municipal  affairs  has  been 
very  considerable.  He  has  been  seven  years  in  the  City 
Council,  and  his  name  has  been  identified  with  every 
measure  looking  to  the  improvement  of  the  place.  He 
was  the  principal  projector  of  the  Springfield  street  railway, 
and  has  been  President  of  the  company  since  it  was  organ- 
ized. He  is  largely  interested  in  real  estate,  and  has  a fine 
home  in  the  western  part  of  the  city,  on  a farm  of  about 
forty  acres,  surrounded  by  a park  of  native  oaks  of  four 
acres.  He  was  married  on  July  30th,  1855,  to  E.  Jane 
Edmondson,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  two 
children  ; but  one,  George  E.  Spence,  about  fourteen  years 
of  age,  is  living. 


^OSBROOK,  JOHN  L.,  son  of  Daniel  and  Eunice 
(Bates)  Ho.sbrook,  was  born,  November  15th, 
1817,  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  on  the  farm  adjoining  his  present  resi- 
dence. He  was  the  fifth  of  a family  of  ten 
children.  His  father  was  a native  of  New  Jer- 
sey, and  although  following  through  life  the  occupation  of 
farming  he  was  at  the  .same  time  a skilful  surveyor.  He 
became  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Hamilton  county,  and 
united  in  promoting  the  best  interests  of  the  place.  He 
w.as  the  first  Sheriff  of  that  county,  and  was  several  times 
elected  a member  of  the  State  Legislature.  His  death  oc- 
curred in  1868.  John’s  mother  was  also  a native  of  New 
Jersey.  Her  son  was  early  taught  the  principles  of  labor, 
at  the  same  time  receiving  a liberal  education  at  the  com- 
mon schools ; afterwards  improving  himself  by  teaching 
and  reading.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  life  as  a 
carpenter,  and  remained  at  this  occiqration  .about  one  year, 
relying  on  his  own  exertions  for  support.  Having,  by  per- 
severing industry,  fitted  himself  for  surveying,  he  now 
entered  on  the  duties  of  this  profession,  which  he  has  con- 
tinued ever  since,  at  the  same  time  superintending  his  farm 
and  taking  contracts  for  building.  He  is  thoroughly  versed 


rf  r . - 


• ‘ -v  yr  ■ ^ 


'■•*}>  •FT  ’*  • 


k , . 


▼ 


4 


‘ > 


V' 

#• 


r 

v'la 


Hij 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


10 


in  nialheniatics,  and  in  1843  was  elected  Surveyor  of  Ilam- 
iiton  County,  and  being  re-elected  held  the  office  for  the 
term  of  six  years.  lie  was  also  County  Engineer  for 
several  years.  He  was  for  many  years  connected  officially 
with  the  School  Board,  and  has  always  been  actively  inter- 
ested in  educational  matters.  He  has  also  acted  as  Notary 
Public  for  a number  of  years.  He  w.as  married,  January 
7th,  1841,  to  Deborah,  daughter  of  .Solomon  Ferris,  one  of 
the  earliest  and  most  successful  settlers  of  Hamilton  county. 
Of  this  union  there  are  two  sons,  Daniel  and  Asaph,  who 
are  also  surv’eyors  and  engineers,  and  are  now  officially 
connected  with  the  business  of  the  counties  in  which  they 
reside,  viz. : Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  Marion  county, 
Indiana;  and  one  daughter,  Mary,  who'  is  an  artist  and 
w.as  last  year  a successful  competitor  for  the  medal  at  the 
Cincinnati  School  of  Design,  and  is  also  organist  for  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Madeira.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Hosbrook  is  a Democrat.  Pie  is  a prominent  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  having  united  with  it  when  quite 
young.  His  manner  is  quick  and  resolute.  In  private  life 
he  is  pleasant  and  affable,  winning  many  friends.  His 
life  has  been  well  spent.  Active  and  industrious,  he 
leaves  no  duties  unperformed. 


l-D 


Y^ANE,  colonel  p.  p., 

A I C in  N.assau,  near  .A.lbany, 
1821,  being  the  son  of  D 


Manufacturer,  was  born 
New  York,  October  5th, 
David  and  Melinda  I.ane, 
both  of  whom  were  natives  of  Killingsworth, 
Connecticut.  For  several  years  they  'lived  in 
New  York,  and  moved  to  Ohio  in  1828,  locating 
in  Portage  county  when  it  was  still  a comparative  wilder- 
ness. They  were  compelled  to  cut  a roadway  through  a 
dense  forest  to  reach  the  site  where  they  intended  for  the 
future  to  make  their  home.  Being  the  oldest  son.  Colonel 
Lane  shared  with  his  father  in  the  rough  and  exhausting 
labor  incidental  to  placing  heavily-timbered  land  in  con- 
dition for  cultivation.  The  tract  was  to  he  cleared  of  thick 
underbrush  and  closely-studded  trees,  buildings  were  to  be 
erected,  and  the  turf,  which  before,  perhaps,  had  not  been 
touched  by  civilized  man,  prepared  for  the  sowing  of  crops. 
In  this  taxing  backwoods  career  he  became  habituated  to 
industry  and  economy,  necessary  in  the  support  of  a large 
family,  and  to  these  traits  thus  developed  he  owes  in  a 
great  measure  the  success  which  has  attended  him  in  busi- 
ness. The  school  system  followed  the  pioneers,  and  in  a 
rudely-equipped  school-house  during  the  fall  and  winter 
months,  when  the  settlers  w'ere  somewh.at  relieved  of  ardu- 
ous farm  labors,  he  obtained  the  rudiments  of  an  education, 
which  in  subsequent  years,  by  close  application  to  study 
and  a well-selected  course  of  reading,  he  rendered  very 
comprehensive  and  thorough.  M'hcn  twenty-three  years 
of  age  he  left  home  and  went  to  we.stern  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  engaged  in  a lumbering  enterprise.  This  fixed 


his  attention  for  two  years,  but  was  not  profitable,  though 
he  gave  all  his  energy  and  attention  to  it.  He  then  found 
employment  in  the  machine  shop  of  Bill  & Brother,  at 
Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio,  which  suited  his  tastes  and  talent, 
and  in  this  new  avocation  he  made  rapid  progress.  Subse- 
quently he  worked  in  Massillon  and  Ashland,  and  in  1848 
went  to  Cincinnati,  where,  until  1850,  he  w’orked  as  a jour- 
neyman. In  the  latter  year  he  started  a small  repair  shop 
on  Pearl  street,  the  room  occupied  being  17  by  40  feet,  and 
employed  one  journeyman.  He  prospered  in  this  enter- 
prise, making  it  a point  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  all  his 
customers.  In  the  same  year  he  married  Sophia  R.  Bos- 
w'orth.  In  1852  he  took  into  partnership  with  him  Joseph 
T.  Bodley,  a former  fellow-workman,  the  firm  being  known 
as  Lane  & Bodley.  Their  business  grew'  so  steadily  th.at  in 
1856  it  was  found  nece.ssary  to  find  larger  quarters,  and 
they  removed  to  the  building  of  Reynolds,  Kite  & Tatum, 
at  the  corner  of  John  and  Water  streets,  part  of  w'hich  they 
rented.  In  1859  the  latter  firm  suspended,  and  offered  the 
property  for  sale.  Messrs.  Lane  & Bodley  bought  out  the 
entire  establishment,  and  necessarily  involved  themselves  in 
a large  indebtedness.  They  carried  this  safely,  and  with 
every  prospect  of  speedily  clearing  it,  when  the  rebellion 
broke  out  and  deprived  them  of  a large  Southern  trade, 
which  proved  a serious  blow  to  them.  They  conducted 
their  affairs  with  the  utmost  prudence,  and  in  this  way  won 
the  confidence  of  their  creditors,  who  granted  them  exten- 
sions and  saved  them  from  impending  failure.  Both  Mr. 
Lane  and  Mr.  Bodley  were  staunch  Unionists,  and  so  far 
as  their  individual  influence,  which  w.as  not  inconsiderable, 
was  available,  they  exerted  it  in  supporting  the  adminis- 
tration. Upon  consultation  they  decided  that  one  of  them 
should  take  the  field,  and  the  other  remain  at  home  to 
cari-y  on  the  business.  Mr.  Lane  determined  to  join  the 
army,  and  within  a few  days  he  became  a member  of  the 
Home  Guards,  with  the  intention  of  entering  the  three 
months’  service.  The  quota  for  this  service  was,  however, 
filled.  In  a short  time  came  the  call  for  three  years’  troops, 
and  the  Guards  were  accepted  and  went  into  camp  at  Camp 
Dennison,  where  they  were  mustered  into  the  nth  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Infantry.  Mr.  Lane  was  elected  Captain,  and 
in  this  capacity  went  with  the  regiment  to  West  Virginia 
under  General  J.  D.  Cox.  His  company  was  mainly  com- 
posed of  mechanics,  and  they  rendered  most  acceptable 
service  as  pioneers  in  making  roads,  building  bridges,  ar- 
r^inging  ferries  and  in  constructing  fortifications.  In  1862 
they  were  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Colonel 
Coleman,  who  commanded  the  regiment,  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  and  at  the  unanimous  request  of  the 
surviving  officers  Cajilain  Lane  was  commissioned  to  the 
vacant  Colonelcy.  In  1863  the  regiment  was  sent  to 
Nashville,  where  it  joined  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
and  remained  with  it  until  its  tenure  of  service  expired. 
Colonel  Lane  was  a thorough  disciplinarian,  and  his  com- 
mand soon  gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 


102 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


organized  regiments  in  the  field.  The  men  were  intelligent 
and  soldierly  in  their  bearing  and  qualities,  and  in  the  field 
or  on  review  always  elicited  the  commendation  of  the  di- 
vision and  corps  commanders.  The  gallantry  and  bravery 
of  their  colonel  stimulated  the  men  and  rendered  them 
conspicuous  in  action.  It  was  well  said  of  them,  “ They 
were  never  called  upon  to  do  duty  in  the  rear,  except  on  a 
retreat.”  Upon  his  return  from  the  army  Colonel  Lane 
found  to  his  gratification  that  his  business  had  greatly  pros- 
pered under  me  careful  management  of  his  copartner,  Mr. 
Bodley,  who  was  a man  of  excellent  qualities  in  every 
respect.  He  died  in  1868,  and  the  business  then,  in  its 
supervision,  devolved  principally  on  Mr.  Lane.  The  works 
of  this  firm  are  among  the  largest  in  the  West,  and  are 
favorably  known  in  almost  every  section  of  the  country, 
and  in  foreign  lands,  by  the  excellence  of  their  machines. 
Colonel  Lane  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Cincinnati 
Board  of  Trade,  and  is  one  of  its  most  acti  ve  members. 
The  establishment  of  the  Cincinnati  Exposition  was  largely 
due  to  his  efforts,  and  since  its  inception  he  has  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  its  management.  Mr.  Lane  went  to 
that  city  in  1848  with  little  money  and  with  no  acquaint- 
ances to  aid  him  with  their  sympathy  or  more  material 
support.  He  has  progressed  step  by  step,  blending  in  his 
business  enterprise  with  energy  and  honorable  dealing,  and 
has  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  his  position  in  the 
community  has  been  earned  by  hard  Labor,  without  any  ad- 
ventitious fortune. 


yljRRILL,  M.  S.,  Principal  of  the  Cumminsville 
Intermediate  and  District  Schools  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  was  born  near  Pleasant  Ridge,  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio,  Eebruary  8th,  1831.  His  father 
was  a native  of  New  Milford,  Connecticut,  from 
which  place  his  grandfather,  Jared  Turrill,  emi- 
grated in  August,  1818,  to  Ohio.  His  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  James  Wood,  who  was  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  and  settlers  of  Pleasant  Ridge,  to  which  place  he 
emigrated  from  New  Jersey,  in  1810,  and  purchased,  at  the 
rate  of  fifty  cents  per  acre,  the  land  now  constituting  that 
town.  His  earlier  years  were  passed  on  the  paternal  farm, 
and  ill  attending  the  district  school,  where  he  acquired  the 
primary  elements  of  his  present  varied  store  of  learning. 
When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  became  a student  in  the 
Earniers’  College,  at  College  Hill,  Ohio,  and  graduated 
from  that  institution  in  the  autumn  of  1851.  Having  de- 
cided to  embrace  teaching  as  his  profession,  he  applied 
himself  diligently  to  the  acquisition  of  the  needed  qualifi- 
cations, and,  while  pursuing  his  studies  in  the  college,  was 
also  occupied  for  three  terms  in  imparting  instruction.  In 
the  early  part  of  December  of  the  same  year  he  removed  to 
Cumminsville,  and  was  first  employed  in  the  school  district 
west  of  that  village.  After  three  years’  efficient  service  he 
was  elected  Principal  of  the  Cumminsville  Union  School,  a 


position  which,  with  but  unimportant  intermissions,  he  has 
since  occupied.  During  1857-58  he  presided  as  Assistant 
Teacher  in  the  Cincinnati  Thirteenth  District  School,  under 
John  B.  Trevor.  During  1867  he  was  engaged,  in  partner- 
ship with  his  father-in-law’,  Caleb  Idngo,  in  the  sash  and 
blind  business  in  Cumminsville.  The  latter  occupation, 
however,  w'as  foreign  to  his  tastes,  and  he  shortly  after 
returned  to  his  original  profession.  For  five  successive 
terms  he  acted  as  Clerk  of  the  incorporated  village  of 
Cumminsville,  and  in  1868  was  appointed  by  Judge  E.  F. 
Noyes  one  of  the  Hamilton  County  Board  of  Examiners 
of  Teachers,  serving  three  years  in  this  capacity  with  John 
Hancock,  of  Cincinnati,  and  A.  B.  Johnson,  of  Avondale. 
In  addition  to  his  ordinary  routine  labors  in  the  school- 
room, he  has  contributed  frequently  to  educational  periodi- 
cals, and  also  made  many  valuable  reports  of  the  State 
Teachers’  Associations  of  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Kentucky  for 
various  newspapers.  As  a disciplinarian  and  an  educator 
his  talents  are  unquestioned,  while  many  of  his  former 
pupils  now  fill  honorable  positions  in  public  life  in  Ohio 
and  other  States.  Also  as  a geologist  he  has  deservedly 
acquired  an  extended  reputation,  and  has  collected  a valu- 
able cabinet  of  the  leading  minerals  and  fossils  of  Ohio  and 
environing  States.  He  was  married  in  1862  to  Mary  L. 
Lingo,  and  has  a delightful  residence  on  one  of  the  many 
beautiful  knolls  in  the  north  part  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward 
of  Cincinnati. 


ORRY,  WILLLAM,  Lawyer  and  first  Mayor  of 
Cincinnati,  was  born,  December  i6th,  1779,  in 
Washington  county,  Virginia,  being  the  son  of 
John  Corry,  an  Irishman,  and  a farmer  in  the 
valley  of  the  Holston  river,  near  Abingdon,  Vir- 
ginia. The  latter,  upon  the  call  of  Governor 
■Shelby,  in  October,  1781,  for  volunteers  to  pursue  the 
British  General  Ferguson,  abandoned  his  plow  in  the  field 
and,  mounting  his  horse,  joined  a company  of  cavalry  as 
lieutenant  in  this  service  of  the  State.  He  exposed  himself 
recklessly  to  the  enemy’s  fire  on  King’s  Mountain,  where 
Ferguson  made  his  last  stand.  The  assault,  repeated  many 
times,  on  his  position  by  the  Federal  troops,  was  a terrible 
one,  hotly  contested  on  both  sides.  Ferguson  finally  suc- 
cumbed and  surrendered  to  Governor  Shelliy.  Among  the 
fatally  wounded  was  Mr.  Corry,  who  died  within  half  an 
hour  after  having  been  shot  through  the  body.  He  was 
buried  upon  the  battle  field,  his  grave  being  near  the  .South 
Carolina  line.  William,  his  son,  was  then  but  two  years 
of  age.  During  his  youth  he  was  placed  in  an  excellent 
school,  and  obtained  a substantial  knowledge  of  mathe- 
matics and  of  the  English  and  ancient  languages,  a study 
for  which  throughout  his  life  he  retained  great  taste.  He 
was  for  some  time  a student  in  Parson  Doke’s  Academy,  in 
Jonesboro’,  Tennessee.  As  was  customary  at  that  time 
William  worked  at  intervals  upon  his  mother’s  farm,  and 


F.KXiRArillCAL  ENCVCLOI’AiDIA. 


•03 


continued  in  this  division  of  his  time  between  study  and 
labor  until  his  twentieth  year.  Ohio  was  to  be  the  scene 
of  his  future  career — a State  founded  principally  by  settlers 
from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  with  the  exception  of 
that  portion  better  known,  perhaps,  as  the  Western  Reserve, 
where  New  England  people  had  located.  Among  the  very 
earliest  emigrants  was  William  McMillan,  a lawyer  of 
merit,  but  of  the  plainest  taste  and  manners.  He  reached 
Ohio  from  Virginia  in  1789,  and  subsequently  purchased  a 
tract  of  land  for  his  home  embracing  the  present  site  of 
Avondale,  and  this  homestead  he  occupied  until  the  time 
of  his  death,  in  1804.  lie  was  tlie  first  Federal  delegate  to 
Congress  from  the  Northwest  Territory,  before  the  State 
w.as  organized.  He  was  a graduate  of  Winn’s  College, 
S nith  Carolina,  from  which  institution  he  took  his  degree. 
He  loved  books  and  sought  the  society  of  educated  people. 
It  was  owing  to  this  love  and  to  the  impulse  of  his  kinship 
that,  in  179S,  he  invited  William  Corry  to  come  to  Oliio 
and  enter  his  home  as  a member  of  his  family.  He  had  a 
wife,  but  no  children.  His  further  inducement  to  Mr. 
Corry  was  that  in  his  office  he  might  profitably  study  law 
and  fit  himself  for  honorable  practice.  The  invitation  was 
accepted,  and  for  three  or  four  years  Mr.  Corry  remained 
with  his  friend  and  preceptor,  studying  law  and  attending 
to  Mr.  McMillan’s  business,  in  and  out  of  the  profession, 
while  that  gentleman  was  abroad.  About  the  year  1803 
Mr.  Corry  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  soon  after  his  ad- 
mission went  to  Hamilton  and  opened  an  office  in  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  John  Reily.  They  inhabited  the  same  log- 
cabin,  being  bachelors,  and  for  some  time  remained  unin- 
terruptedly together.  Mr.  Reily  was,  however,  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Common  Pleas  of  Butler  County,  and  Mr. 
Corry  practised  alone  in  the  old  office  until  his  marriage,  in 
February’,  1810.  His  wife  was  Eleanor,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Fleming,  of  the  “ Big  Hill,”  in  Butler  county, 
who  had  emigrated  from  Frederick,  Maryland,  into  the 
beech  and  walnut  forest  of  that  locality,  purchasing  there  a 
tract  of  400  acres,  the  difficult  labor  of  clearing  which  de- 
volved not  alone  upon  him  and  his  five  sons,  but  upon  his 
daughters  as  well.  Mrs.  Corry  often  described  these  early 
reminiscences  in  the  tedious  task  of  opening  up  the  wilder- 
ness to  cultivation,  in  which  she  as  well  as  her  brothers 
earnestly  engaged.  Under  the  provisions  of  Mr.  McMil- 
lan’s will  his  widow  and  ^^r.  Corry  were  created  executors, 
she  to  have  a life  estate  in  the  Avondale  farm,  and  the 
brothers  and  sisters  of  the  testator  to  receive  the  residuary 
estate.  Mr.  Corry,  in  order  to  see  the  farm  properly  culti- 
vated, went  to  live  upon  the  homestead;  but  a year’s  resi- 
dence there  dissatisfied  him,  and  he  came  to  Cincinnati 
with  his  wife  and  eldest  son,  whom  he  had  named  after  his 
deceased  patron,  William,  and  entered  here  upon  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law.  This  was  in  1811.  He  settled  with  the 
late  Ethan  Stone,  in  a house  on  Main  street,  between  Fifth 
and  Sixth  streets,  of  which  he  shortly  became  the  sole  ten- 
ant, and  soon  after  purchased  the  property  of  its  owner. 


John  Reily.  His  law  office  was  in  this  building,  and  here 
also  for  many  years  was  kept  the  Cincinnati  Library,  of 
which  he  was  librarian.  It  was  an  old  white  frame  double 
house — a landmark  in  the  city — where  the  Trustees  of  the 
Cincinnati  College  and  of  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  Mr. 
Corry  being  the  secretary  of  the  latter  body,  used  to  as- 
semble for  business.  In  1817  and  1818  it  became  the  office 
of  the  Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  when  Mr.  Corry  himself,  by 
the  suffrages  of  his  fellow-citizens,  was  chosen  first  Mayor 
of  that  new-born  municipality.  He  served  but  one  term, 
having  for  his  marshal  during  this  period  James  Chambers, 
whose  very  name  “ was  a terror  to  evil-doers,”  and  who 
“ from  the  river  flat-boats  to  the  outskirt  cabins  made  war 
on  all  who  failed  to  respect  the  law.”  The  infancy  of  the 
new  town  had  its  characteristics.  Lawlessness  abounded, 
weapons  were  indiscriminately  carried  and  used  on  the 
slightest  provocation  ; and  bowie-knives,  the  broad  blades 
of  which  were  riveted  into  iron  or  wooden  handles,  were 
carried  about  for  ornament  and  for  tooth-picks  ! The 
mayor’s  office,  to  which  issues  were  adjourned  in  the  ex- 
pectation of  a peaceful  and  judicial  settlement,  often  became 
the  scene  of  bloody  riot.  But  this  was  only  for  a time. 
The  determination  of  Mayor  Corry,  the  coolness  and  daring 
of  his  able  lieutenant.  Marshal  Chambers,  the  rigor  of 
prison  discipline,  had  its  effect  upon  the  sanguinary-dis- 
posed part  of  the  community.  Mayor  Corry  disposed  of 
the  many  cases  coming  before  him  with  deliberation,  hand- 
ing the  prisoners  under  sentence  over  to  the  marshal,  who 
in  turn  delivered  them  to  jailor  Cunningham,  who  placed 
them  on  a bread  and  water  diet  in  the  public  jail  at  Fifth 
and  Market  streets.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  as 
Mayor,  Mr.  Corry  resumed  his  professional  duties,  and  was 
moderately  well  compensated.  He  was  a well-read  and 
skilful  counsellor.  His  legal  opinions  were  sound  in  their 
interpretation  of  law  and  presentation  of  fact,  and  com- 
manded the  respect  of  his  associates  at  the  bar  and  the 
antagonists  in  the  actions  at  issue.  His  voice  was  low  and 
gently  modulated,  and  his  entire  deportment  was  devoid  of 
the  ostentation  of  those  far  inferior  to  him  in  ability  and 
experience.  When  he  addressed  court  or  jury  it  was  with 
diffidence  and  hesitation,  without  pretence  to  great  power 
of  oratory,  making  capital  points  and  presenting  his  argu- 
ment clearly  and  forcibly,  though  not  attractively.  He  had 
less  taste  for  politics  than  for  law,  the  strifes  and  bickerings 
of  which  were  repugnant  to  him;  but  was,  nevertheless, 
.sent  to  the  Legislature  twice,  and  discharged  his  duty  well. 
It  was  not  long  before  his  genine  ability  and  integrity  of 
character  created  a favorable  impression  in  that  body.  The 
party  abuse  and  personal  villification  which,  much  more  so 
than  in  latter  days,  characterized  the  political  campaigns  of 
that  period,  .so  inoculated  him  with  a distaste  for  public 
service  that  he  never  after  consented  to  enter  it.  His 
friends  urged  him  to  a judicial  career,  for  which  his  talents 
especially  qualified  him,  but  he  was  averse  to  its  labors  and 
responsibilities.  He  took  pleasure  in  the  prosperity  of  his 


104 


BIOGRArniCAL  ENCYCLOPy^EDIA. 


friends  and  fellow-citizens,  with  whom  he  always  lived  upon 
most  excellent  terms.  His  habits  were  sedentary,  and  his 
passion,  books  of  every  description,  giving  preference  to 
historical  and  works  on  general  liderature,  rather  than  to 
those  on  purely  scientific  subjects.  He  retained  his  love 
for  and  mastery  of  the  ancient  languages  to  the  last,  and 
felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  education  of  his  sons.  His 
wife  was  a lady  of  cultivated  and  literary  tastes.  She  was 
a member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  Rev. 
Joshua  L.  Wilson  was  pastor.  The  entire  labor  of  managing 
and  caring  at  home  for  her  family  of  eight  children  rested 
upon  her,  and  heavily  taxed  her  strength.  She  was  a 
woman  of  sincere  piety,  insiiired  by  an  ardent  and  lasting 
love  for  her  husband  and  children.  Mr.  Cony,  whose 
health  had  been  for  some  years  declining,  died  in  Cincin- 
nati on  the  anniversary  d.iy  of  his  birth,  December  l6th, 
1833,  having  reached  the  age  of  fifty-five.  His  widow  sur- 
vived him  for  nearly  twenty  years,  dying  in  September, 
1S52,  and  both  lie  together  in  Spring  Grove  Cemetery. 
The  character  of  Mr.  Corry,  judged  Iry  his  walk  in  life,  was 
tint  of  an  upright,  inteliigent  man;  courteous  in  his  man- 
ners, generous  in  his  impulses,  retiring  in  public  affairs,  but  | 
enjoyable  in  social  intercourse  with  his  friends;  devoted 
to  his  family  and  to  the  welfare  and  progress  of  the  city  of 
Cincinnati  and  the  country  at  large. 


UNT,  JAMES  C.,  Physician  and  Agriculturi.st,  was 
born  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  December  25th,  1814.  He  was  the  fourth 
child  in  a family  of  twenty-one  children,  whose 
parents  were  Isaac  Hunt  and  Hannah  (Carpen- 
ter) Hunt.  His  father,  a native  of  Somerville,  ■ 
New  Jersey,  followed  through  life  the  occupations  of  | 
farmer,  speculator  and  trader.  He  moved  to  Ohio  at  an 
early  date,  1790  or  thereabout,  and  settled  near  Shaker- 
town,  WHrren  county,  whence  he  afterward  removed  to 
Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county,  and  there  purchased  , 
a farm,  on  which  he  resided  until  the  date  of  his  decease,  j 
in  the  meantime  alternating  his  labors  as  a farmer  with 
numerous  trips  to  the  Southern  States  as  a trader  and 
speculator.  He  was  widely  known  as  a valuable  and  , 
public-spirited  citizen,  and  during  his  residence  in  Hamil- 
ton county  held  various  offices  of  trust  and  importance. 
In  all,  he  made  thirty-two  trips  by  land  from  his  home  to 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  and  about  thirty-four  by  flat-boat 
down  the  rivers.  His  death  occurred  in  1852.  His  mother 
also  was  a native  of  New  Jersey,  and  at  an  early  day  moved 
with  her  father,  James  Carpenter,  to  Ohio,  settling  at 
Columbia — with  a blockhouse  for  a home — where  the 
family  constituted  the  earliest  settlers  of  that  portion  of 
Hamilton  county.  His  early  education  was  limited  in 
degree  and  kind,  and  was  obtained  at  the  ordinary  schools 
of  frontier  settlements.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he 


began  life  on  his  own  resources  as  a blacksmith,  and  during 
the  ensuing  period  of  fourteen  years  he  was  constantly  and 
assiduously  employed  at  his  trade.  In  1847  lie  purchased 
a farm  in  Union  township,  Butler  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  agricultural  operations  for  about  seven 
years.  This  farm  he  disposed  of  by  sale  in  1854,  and  later 
bought  a fresh  farming  tract  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamil- 
ton county,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  i860  he  began 
the  practice  of  magnetic  healing;  and  from  this  date  down 
to  the  present  time  has  been  occupied  in  attending  to  the 
duties  embraced  in  pathetising  or  magnetic  healing. 
Through  life  he  has  been  a close  reader  and  a keen  ob- 
server of  men  and  events ; is  very  liberal  in  his  religious 
and  political  views ; has  always  evinced  a zealous  interest 
in  the  advance  of  educational  reform.  Politically  he  is  at- 
tached to  the  Republican  party.  He  was  married  in  1836 
to  Roda  Ryan,  a daughter  of  William  Ryan,  an  early  settler 
and  prominent  farmer  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  She 
died.  May  l6th,  1844,  leaving  issue  of  five  children.  He 
was  again  married,  November  lolh,  1844,  1°  Ann  E.  Els- 
worth,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  daughter  of  William  Els- 
worth,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Hamilton  county,  and  for 
forty  years  a prominent  educator  of  this  section  of  the  State. 


f'OLLOWAV,  GENERAL  EPHRAIM  S.,  Repre- 
sentative in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio, 
July  27th,  1833,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Lydia 
(Dryson)  I lolloway,  the  former  of  whom  followed 
the  occupation  of  a farmer.  His  family  were 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  State,  his  parents  having 
both  been  born  in  the  same  county  as  himself.  His  father’s 
family  came  from  Loudon  county,  Virginia,  and  his  mother’s 
from  Redstone,  Pennsylvania.  Both  his  paternal  and  ma- 
ternal grandparents  settled  in  Columbiana  county  in  1801, 
when  Ohio  was  incorporated  in  what  was  then  known  as 
the  Northwest  Territory.  John  Dryson,  his  maternal  grand- 
father, was  one  of  the  original  surveyors  of  Ohio.  General 
Holloway  w.as  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
county,  and  followed  the  occupation  of  a farmer  until  1857, 
when  he  embarked  as  a builder,  and  remained  thus  engaged 
until  1861.  In  October  of  that  year  he  enlisted,  raising  a 
company  of  volunteers,  of  which,  upon  its  organization,  he 
was  made  First  Lieutenant.  He  served  four  years  and 
three  months  in  the  army,  in  active  service,  participating  in 
all  of  the  engagements  with  which  his  regiment  partici- 
pated, including  all  of  those  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  under  General  Buell,  the  army 
under  General  Sherman  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and 
under  General  Thomas  in  the  Nashville  campaign.  On 
September  Sth,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to  Captain;  Novem- 
ber 6th,  1864,  to  Major;  March  6th,  1865,  to  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  May  1st  of  the  same  year  to  Colonel.  On  the 


IJIOGKArillCAL  ENCVCLOI'/EDIA. 


recommendation  of  Major-Generals  Z.  J.  \\  ood,  David  S. 
Stanley,  P.  11.  Sheridan  and  Lieutenant-General  U.  S. 
Grant,  he  was  brevetted  to  the  important  station  of  Brig- 
adier-General for  gallant  and  mcruorious  services  in  the 
held.  His  brevet  rank  dates  from  March  13th,  1865.  He 
assumed  command  of  his  regiment,  the  41st  Ohio  \ olunteer 
Infantry,  on  the  5th  day  of  July,  1S64,  while  engaging  the 
enemy  in  a herce  skirmi.sh  near  Chattahoochie  river, 
Georgia,  and  retained  command  until  the  regiment  was 
mustered  out,  gaining  a splendid  record  for  gallantry.  He 
was  a good  disciplinarian  and  strategist,  and  his  regiment 
was  employed  in  many  important  missions,  which  were 
always  successfully  carried  out,  and  in  a manner  that  won 
the  commendation  of  his  superiors.  Upon  his  return  from 
the  army  he  re-embarked  as  a builder,  which  he  followed 
until  March,  186S,  when  he  was  appointed  Superintendent 
of  the  Enterprise  Agricultural  Works  of  Columbiana,  a 
position  requiring  great  executive  ability,  which  he  filled 
with  credit  until  September,  1S73,  which  time  he  re- 
signed. In  1873  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
to  represent  Columbiana  county  in  the  lower  House  of  the 
Ohio  .Sixty-first  General  Assembly,  and  as  a member  of  this 
body  he  distinguished  himself  as  an  effective  debater  and  as 
an  advocate  of  important  reform  measures.  He  was  ap- 
pointed as  a member  of  the  Committees  on  Insurance  and 
Public  Printing,  and  has  the  reputation  of  an  effective  legis- 
lator. In  1871  he  purchased  the  Independent  Register,  of 
Columbiana,  which  he  has  since  edited  and  published. 
This  is  a weekly  paper  with  a deservedly  high  name,  and  is 
in  thriving  circumstances.  It  represents  the  Republican 
jrarty  in  that  county,  but  deals  with  party  issues  in  an  inde- 
pendent manner.  General  Holloway  is  an  earnest  advocate 
of  the  temperance  cause,  and  an  active  worker  in  favor  of 
popular  education,  using  every  endeavor  and  lending  all  his 
influence  to  the  improvement  of  the, system.  He  is  in  every 
respect  a self-made  and  self-educated  man.  His  grand- 
parents were  prominent  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 
1 le  was  married  to  Margaret  Windel,  of  Columbiana  county, 
and  five  children  has  been  the  result  of  that  marriage,  four 
of  whom  are  now  living,  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 
General  Holloway  was  re-elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
to  represent  his  county  in  the  Sixty-second  General  As- 
sembly. 


^'^^,ODDS,  HON.  OZRO  J.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  March  22d,  1840.  He  is  of 
Scotch  lrlsh  extraction.  His  father,  William  B. 
Dodds,  a native  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  was 
formerly  a prominent  safe  manufacturer,  but  is 
now  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  savings  banks  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  His  earlier  education  was  received  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  he  graduated  at 
the  Hughes  High  School  in  1858.  In  the  same  year  he 
entered  the  freshman  class  at  Wabash  College,  in  Indiana, 


'I' 


14 


105 

and,  finishing  the  junior  year  in  i860,  matriculated  at 
Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio.  He  would  have  com- 
pleted his  course  at  this  institution  in  the  summer  of  1861, 
but  the  aspect  of  the  rebellion  becoming' ominous  he  raised 
a company  known  as  the  University  Rifles  from  among  his 
fellow-students,  and,  becoming  attached  to  the  20lh  Regi- 
ment of  Ohio  Volunteers,  served  under  General  George  B. 
McClellan  in  West  Virginia  during  the  three  months’  ser- 
vice. At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  recruited  another 
company,  which  became  Company  E,  of  the  8ist  Regiment 
of  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  continued  in  that  command  until 
October,  1863.  He  was  then  commissioned  by  Hon. 
Edwin  M.  Stanton,  on  the  recommendation  of  General  G. 
M.  Dodge,  commanding  the  2d  Division,  15th  Army  Corps, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  ist  Regiment  of  Alabama  Cav- 
alry, recruited  from  among  the  sturdy  mountaineers  of 
northern  Al.abama.  After  the  close  of  the  conflict  he  re- 
turned to  Cincinnati,  where  he  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Hon.  Stanley  Matthews.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  fall  of  1866,  and  since  then,  excepting  the  interruptions 
attendant  on  the  occupancy  of  official  position,  has  been 
constantly  and  successfully  occupied  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1S69  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Ohio,  and  in  1872  was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  as  Rejiresentative  of  the  First 
District,  to  succeed  Hon.  Aaron  F.  Perry,  resigned,  receiv- 
ing a majority  of  2268  votes  over  his  competitor,  Hon. 
Charles  P.  Taft.  At  the  expiration  of  his  official  term  he 
again  devoted  himself  solely  to  the  practice  of  law,  and 
now  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  leaders  at  the  Cincinnati  bar. 
He  is  a trustee  of  the  McMicken  University,  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  has  held  this  position  since  January,  1875. 


NTIIONY,  JOHN,  was  born  in  Cincinnati  on  the 
l8th  of  November,  1828.  He  is  of  French  de- 
scent, his  father  having  been  a native  of  Paris. 
His  boyhood  was  passed  amid  poverty  and  hard 
work,  and  he  is,  in  the  most  literal  sense  of  the 
term,  a self-made  man.  His  educational  advan- 
tages were  of  the  most  limited  description,  and  in  all  his 
life  he  never  went  to  school  six  months,  taken  all  together. 
But  this  want  of  school  advantages  was  not  sufficient  to 
keep  from  him  all  learning.  He  was  a close  and  industri- 
ous reader  and  a keen  observer,  and  these  characteristics 
more  than  counterbalanced  the  absence  of  scholarly  re- 
sources. At  the  early  age  of  eleven  years  he  was  compelled 
to  rely  upon  himself  for  support,  and  he  proved  equal  to  the 
emergency.  He  became  an  assistant  in  a Cincinnati  brick- 
yard, and  this  position  furnished  him  occupation  and  sup- 
port for  five  years.  Then  he  became  a teamster  and  dray- 
man, and  worked  hard  in  this  calling  until  the  year  1857. 
In  that  year  he  was  a])pointed  a member  of  the  ]>oIice  force 
under  Mayor  'Phoinas.  He  served  on  the  force  under 


io6 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.BDIA. 


Mayor  Thomas  for  about  a year,  and  was  reappointed  to 
the  position  when  Mayor  Bishop  commenced  his  adminis- 
tration. After  serving  about  eight  months  under  Mayor 
Bisliop  lie  resigned  his  position  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of 
Constable  in  the  Fifteenth  Ward.  For  the  eight  succeeding 
years  he  continued  to  fill  the  position  of  Constable,  and  at 
the  end  of  that  time  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Wilstach 
to  the  position  of  Ideutenant  of  Police.  He  served  as  Lieu- 
tenant for  two  years  and  then  resigned  his  position.  He 
had  been  elected  Magistrate  in  1869,  and  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  new  position.  This  office  he  has  continued  to 
hold  ever  since,  having  been  re-elected  at  the  expiration  of 
each  term.  In  politics  he  is  a Republican,  his  first  vote  for 
President  having  been  cast  for  General  John  C.  Fremont. 
An  idea  of  his  popularity  may  be  gained  from  the  fact  that 
he  was  the  only  Republican  elected  in  Hamilton  county  in 
1874.  He  was  married,  on  the  iSth  of  September,  1850, 
to  Martha  O.  Frost,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a family 
of  five  children  has  gathered  about  them. 


OGAN,  PA  PRICK  J.,  Manufacturer  and  Member 
of  Council,  was  born  in  Ireland  on  the  7th  of 
March,  1838.  Being  the  favorite  of  his  grand- 
parents he  was  early  taken  under  their  care  and 
sent  to  school.  This  was  a Catholic  school,  and 
such  as  the  church  could  then  afford,  his  grand- 
parents taking  the  not  very  advanced  view,  entertained  by 
many  even  now,  that  only  such  learning  as  could  be  ob- 
tained in  the  schools  of  the  church  would  be  of  any  use  in 
the  world.  At  the  age  of  eight,  in  1846,  he  came  with 
these  good  old  pieople  to  America.  They  located  in  New 
York  city,  but  in  1848  they  found  it  to  their  advantage  to 
move  to  Cincinnati.  Here,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  young 
Hogan  left  home  and  started  life  for  himself  in  a saw  factory. 
This  rare  trade  he  soon  learned,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
became  foreman  of  the  shop.  After  remaining  five  years  in 
this  factory  he  concluded  to  travel,  according  to  the  custom 
in  Europe,  and  perfect  his  knowledge  of  his  trade  by  work- 
ing in  various  towns.  This  he  did,  working  in  different 
cities  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion.  But  in  the 
meantime  he  was  married  to  Catherine  Connell.  The  war 
now  commencing,  he  was  the  first  to  answer  the  call  of  his 
adopted  country,  and  entered  the  ist  Kentucky  Regiment 
as  a private  soldier.  After  carrying  a musket  nearly  two 
years,  he  left  the  army  and  joined  the  Quartermaster’s  de- 
partment of  the  army.  In  this  and  other  positions  he  served 
until  late  in  the  year  1864,  when  he  left  the  army  and  estab- 
lished a manufactory  for  the  manufacture  of  saws  in  Cincin- 
nati. This  establishment  now  exists  under  the  firm-name 
of  Hogan  & Louden.  From  the  time  of  starting  the  success 
of  this  house  has  been  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  manu- 
facturing, having  an  unbroken  record  of  growth  and  pros- 
perity ; few  manufactories  in  the  city  being  able  to  present 


such  a history  of  success  from  the  beginning.  This  house 
has  invented,  perfected  and  patented  some  valuable  macliin- 
ery  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  saws.  Some  of 
these  inventions  are  in  the  name  of  Mr.  Hogan.  Many  of 
these,  from  which  they  have  secured  patents  from  the  gov- 
ernment, lie  unused  in  their  hands,  business  necessities  pre- 
venting their  introducing  them  to  the  country.  Almost  the 
entire  attention  of  this  establishment  is  directed  to  the  manu- 
facture of  the  larger  kind  of  saws,  power,  scroll,  cross-cut, 
and  the  vast  variety  of  circular  saws  ; this  being  now  one 
of  the  two  establishments  in  Cincinnati  engaged  exclusively 
in  the  manufacture  and  introduction  to  the  trade  of  their 
own  saws.  After  the  war  Mr.  Hogan  became  actively  con- 
cerned in  the  politics  of  his  ward  ; being  a man  of  extremely 
social  and  affable  manners,  and  withal  of  fine  personal  ajj- 
pearance,  he  soon  became  very  popular,  the  result  of 
which  was  his  election  to  the  Council  in  1872;  with  increas- 
ing favor  he  was  again  elected  to  the  same  body  in  1874. 
He  now  finds  himself  in  great  demand  in  his  parly,  and  de- 
servedly popular.  Mr.  Hogan  is  a gentleman  of  great 
natural  ability,  and  although  Ids  literary  attainments  were 
not  of  the  highest  character,  yet  his  contact  with  the  busi- 
ness world  and  his  characteristic  command  of  words  gave 
him  great  force  in  a political  body.  Mr.  Hogan  has  already 
shown  his  faculty  of  success  in  politics  as  well  as  business. 
He  is  now  barely  in  the  prime  of  life,  with  a vast  store  of 
mental  and  physical  force,  which  should  give  him  a long 
life  and  useful  career. 


ECKETT,  WILLIAM,  Lawyer  and  Paper  Manu- 
facturer, son  of  Robert  and  Mary  Crawford 
Beckett,  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Ghio,  on 
the  17th  of  March,  1821.  After  obtaining  the 
rudiments  of  education  and  fitting  himself  for 
college,  he  entered  the  Miami  University,  in  his 
native  county.  He  graduated  here  in  the  class  of  1844, 
winning  the  degree  of  A.  B.  After  leaving  college  he 
studied  law  with  Hon.  John  Woods,  of  Hamilton,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  year  1846.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Butler  county,  but  very  soon  re- 
linquished the  idea  of  a career  at  the  bar  and  embarked  in 
the  extensive  manufacture  of  paper,  which  he  has  ever  since 
continued.  He  possessed  ample  means,  and  was  charac- 
terized by  great  executive  ability,  and  aside  from  his  regular 
manufacturing  business  he  has  engaged,  from  time  to  time, 
in  various  other  branches  of  business  enterprise.  His  real 
estate  operations  have  been  on  a very  extensive  scale;  and 
he  has  made  directly  from  his  own  property,  or  been  largely 
interested,  as  a financial  speculation,  in  no  less  than  sixteen 
additions  to  the  city  of  Hamilton,  besides  being  interested 
in  similar  enterprises,  no  less  important,  in  other  sections. 
I'or  fifteen  years  he  has  been  a Director  of  the  Cincinnati  & 
Dayton  Railroad  Company,  and  was  one  of  the  chief  stock- 
holders, as  well  as  one  of  the  original  projectors,  of  the 


% 


A. 


vU 


s 


^''i 


i 


f 


f' 


i>- . •■- 


^Li. 


i. 


f y 


/^  V 


C 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


107 


Hamilton  & Indiana  Junction  Railway.  In  this  enter- 
j)rise,  through  complications  growing  out  of  the  financial 
crash  of  1869,  he  lost  a quarter  of  a million  dollars.  In  the 
public  affairs  of  his  community  his  influence  has  been  very 
largely  felt,  and  his  name  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  nearly  every  measure  looking  to  the  material  improve- 
ment of  Hamilton.  He  has  encouraged  the  establishment 
of  manufacturing  enterprises  there  by  private  donations  of 
land  to  companies  and  firms  willing  to  bring  their  business 
to  the  place.  His  interest  in  the  cause  of  popular  education 
has  had  much  to  do  with  the  elevation  of  the  tone  of  the 
common  schools  of  Hamilton.  He  is  a Republican  in  poli- 
tics, and  was  a delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Con- 
vention in  Chicago,  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for 
the  Presidency  in  i860.  He  has  been  frequently  a member 
of  the  Republican  County  Committee,  and  in  1869  he  was 
induced  to  become  a candidate  for  the  State  Senatorship. 
His  opponent  was  a man  no  less  distinguished  than  the  Hon. 
Ferris  D.  Campbell,  but  although  defeated,  it  was  by  a small 
inaArity.  This  was  the  only  occasion  on  which  he  ever 
consented  to  be  a candidate  for  political  honors.  He  mar- 
ried, on  the  22(1  of  September,  1846,  Martha  Woods,  the 
daughter  of  his  preceptor,  Hon.  John  Woods.  Eight  of 
their  eleven  children,  three  daughters  and  five  sons,  still 
survive. 

^ECKETT,  DaWID,  Major  in  the  Union  Army, 
^ was  born,  in  the  year  1838,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio, 
I his  parents  being  Robert  and  Mary  Crawford 
^ Beckett.  He  was  educated  at  the  Miami  Univer- 
sily>  where  he  graduated  in  i860.  In  the  year 
1861,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion, he  entered  the  Union  army  as  a private  soldier.  In 
1862  he  w.as  made  a Captain,  and  in  1863  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
I' redericksburg.  Second  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Gettysburg, 
I-ookout  Mountain  and  Kenesaw  Mountain.  At  the  battle 
of  Kene.saw  Mountain  he  was  killed,  leaving  behind  him  a 
reputation  for  gallantry  and  manliness  which  all  might  envy. 
He  left  a wife,  but  no  children  to  bear  his  name. 


®EFF,  PETER,  retired  Merchant,  was  born,  March 
31st,  179S,  at  Frankford,  near  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania. The  family  emigrated  to  this  country 
from  Switzerland  before  the  American  revolution. 
When  he  was  very  young  his  father  died,  and  the 
means  of  the  family  being  all  required  for  the  sup- 
port of  his  mother  and  sisters,  he  was  early  taught  the  ne- 
cessity of  making  a living  for  himself.  He  received  careful 
instruction  in  the  plain  branches  of  an  English  educ.alion. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  left  school  and  became  a clerk  in 
Philadelphia.  During  this  time,  and  in  fact  during  life,  he 


neglected  no  opportunity  for  self-improvement.  His  pen- 
manship was  remarkably  clear  and  distinct,  and  in  all  mer- 
cantile and  arithmetical  calculations  he  attained  a marked 
prominence.  The  interruption  of  business  during  the  war 
of  1812  threw  him  out  of  employment,  but  when  peace  was 
proclaimed  he  again  obtained  a clerkship,  and  from  that 
time  was  enabled  to  support  himself  without  depending  upon 
the  family  for  assistance.  His  close  attention  to  business 
induced  a favorable  proposition  for  copartnership  from  Mr. 
Charles  Bird,  a prominent  hardware  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia, who  desired  to  establish  a branch  at  Baltimore,  and 
Mr.  Neff,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  became  a partner  in  that 
business,  with  which  he  was  at  that  time  unacquainted.  He 
soon  mastered  this  branch  of  mercantile  business  in  all  its 
details,  while  his  sterling  integrity  of  character  soon  obtained 
for  him  a credit,  which  he  has  preserved  untainted  during 
more  than  fifty  years  of  active  business  life.  In  June,  1824, 
Mr.  Neff,  with  his  brother  Mhlliam,  visited  Cincinnati ; al- 
though the  city  then  numbered  but  a few  thousand  inhalii- 
tants,  he  proposed  that  if  his  brother  would  leave  Savannah 
and  reside  in  Cincinnati  he  would  join  him  in  the  whole- 
sale hardware  business,  and  would  continue  to  reside  in 
Baltimore  and  make  all  the  purchases  for  the  firm.  The 
proposition  was  accepted,  and  the  brothers,  together  with 
John  and  George,  the  only  remaining  male  members  of  the 
family,  united  in  forming  the  first  importing  hardware  house 
west  of  the  Alleghenies.  Peter  only  was  acquainted  with  the 
business,  and  he  made  all  the  purchases  for  the  firm.  He 
went  to  Cincinnati,  marked  the  goods  and  fixed  the  price, 
which  was  firmly  adhered  to.  On  his  return  trip  Mr.  NelT 
was  twenty-three  days  reaching  New  York  by  the  most 
direct  route.  The  facilities  of  the  new  firm  and  their  high 
commercial  credit  .soon  led  to  fortune.  In  1827  Mr.  Neff 
married  Mrs.  Isabella  Lamson  (Freeman),  a lady  as  remark- 
able for  her  mental  ability  as  her  personal  graces,  whose  ad- 
vice and  assistance  through  life  were  of  very  great  value  to 
him.  Her  death  occurred  March  6th,  1844,  and  was  the 
severest  trial  he  ever  experienced  ; he  never  remarried.  In 
1828  Mr.  Neff  established  a business  house  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  which  was  very  successful,  and  in  1838  it  was 
united  with  his  Cincinnati  house.  In  1835  he  removed 
from  Baltimore  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
.At  the  time  of  the  death  of  his  accomplished  and  lovely 
wife  his  attention  was  directed  to  the  necessity  of  a cemetery 
for  the  city,  and  by  his  exertions  and  the  assistance  of  other 
gentlemen  .Spring  Grove  Cemetery  was  purchased  by  sub- 
scription. It  is  celebrated  for  the  extent  and  beauty  of  tbe 
grounds  and  the  costliness  and  variety  of  its  monuments. 
Mr.  Neff  has  always  been  a liberal,  iiublic-sjiirited  Christian 
citizen,  ever  ready  to  aid  in  promoting  the  welfare  and  jiros- 
]ierity  of  the  city  and  the  cause  of  good  morals  and  religion. 
The  temperance  reform  found  in  him  one  of  its  best  friends 
and  earliest  advocates.  Mr.  Neff  earnestly  and  zealously 
advocated  the  establishment  of  the  Chamirer  of  Commerce 
for  the  adjustment  of  difficulties  among  merchants.  The 


loS 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 


enteiprise  was  crowned  with  success,  and  he  was  appointed 
one  of  its  first  Vice-Presidents.  The  improvement  of  the 
architecture  of  business  houses  of  the  city  received  his  at- 
tention in  1850;  and  to  his  enterprise,  sagacity  and  example 
the  Queen  City  is  indebted  for  many  of  its  beautiful  build- 
ings. He  has  always  manifested  a deep  interest  in  the 
education  of  the  young,  especially  in  their  religious  training, 
and  the  Sabbath-schools  have  found  in  him  a liberal  bene- 
factor and  wise  counsellor.  The  organization  and  estab- 
lishment of  the  Poplar  Street  Presbyterian  Church  is  due  to 
him,  and  credit  is  given  to  him  for  personal  supervision  and 
liberal  contributions  to  the  same.  For  more  than  thirty 
years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  for  many  ye.irs  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  took  very  de- 
cided ground  in  favor  of  the  United  States  government. 
As  Chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee  of  Hamilton  county 
he  directed  the  movement  and  took  a very  active  part  in 
raising  the  amount,  ^250, 000,  which  prevented  a draft  in 
the  county.  During  the  “Kirby  .Smith  raid”  he  was  un- 
tiring in  his  efforts,  and  the  1st  Reserve  Regiment  will  bear 
witness  to  his  zeal  and  devotion.  Now  in  his  seventy-eighth 
year,  hale,  hearty  and  vigorous,  his  time  is  chiefly  spent  in 
the  development  of  his  property  in  the  western  portion  of 
the  city;  where  he  often  receives  visits  from  many  whom  he 
has  aided  with  loans  of  money  and  advice,  and  thus  saved 
from  financial  ruin  ; such  a life  is  useful  and  successful,  and 
will  be  more  fully  appreciated  in  the  future,  when  the  tri- 
umphs of  peace  shall  receive  the  honors  which  are  justly 
its  due. 


EVIS,  JAMES  A.,  Farmer,  was  born,  November 
6th,  1810,  in  Colerain  township,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  being  the  second  of  twelve  children,  whose 
parents  were  Jesse  and  S.rrah  (Martin)  Bevis. 
His  father,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  followed 


facturin; 


through 
' pursuits. 


life  agricultural,  mechanical  and  manu- 


He  was  a man  of  decided  originality  as 
an  inventor.  His  remote  ancestry  were  of  Irish,  Scotch 
and  English  extraction,  while  his  immediate  ancestors  were 
Pennsylvania  Dutch.  In  1 797  Jesse  Bevis  went  from  the 
Dutch  settlements  of  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  making  his  way 
down  the  Ohio  river  on  a flatboat,  and  located  in  Colerain 
township,  where  he  filled  the  vocations  of  a farmer,  a manu- 
facturer and  a mechanic.  In  1810  he  constructed  a flat- 
boat  on  the  Great  Miami  river,  near  Venice,  and  loading  it 
with  pork,  flour  and  other  provisions,  he  waited  for  a rise  of 
the  water,  and  when  it  came  passed  out  into  the  Ohio, 
making  a slow  and  difficult  passage  to  New  Orleans,  where 
he  disposed  of  his  produce.  With  the  proceeds  of  his  sale, 
a few  hundred  dollars  in  silver  and  gold,  belted  about  his 
person,  he  footed  the  entire  distance  back  to  his  home, 
through  forest  wilds  thickly  infested  with  savages.  He  died. 
May  4th,  1868,  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  in  Colerain  town- 


ship, and  the  community  keenly  felt  the  loss  of  a pure  and 
enterprising  citizen.  His  wife,  a native  of  Virginia,  died 
February  25th,  1873,  'n  the  eighty-third  year  of  her  age. 
The  early  education  of  James  A.  was  limited,  and  was  ob- 
tained in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  district.  In  his 
youth  he  was  employed  on  his  father’s  farm,  attending  to 
his  studies  only  in  seasons  when  farm  laltor  was  in  part  sus- 
pended. Arriving  at  his  majority,  he  set  out  as  a farmer 
upon  his  own  resources,  and  in  connection  with  this  pursuit 
commenced  distilling.  By  industry  and  enterprise  he  early 
laid  the  foundation  of  a competency,  which  he  now  enjoys. 
He  has  always  resided  in  his  native  township,  and  has  be- 
come one  of  its  most  ju'ominent  citizens.  On  May  9th, 
1834,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Ramsey,  who  was  born 
in  Colerain,  Hamilton  county,  and  was  the  daughter  of 
John  Ramsey,  an  early  settler  in  that  section  of  the  State. 
By  this  marriage  he  became  the  father  of  six  children.  For 
six  years  Mr.  Bevis  was  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  he  has 
occupied  other  township  offices,  discharging  their  duties 
with  fidelity  and  intelligence.  He  has  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  educational  matters,  and  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  School  Board.  While  he  is  a Republi- 
can in  his  political  affiliations,  he  has,  though  often  urged  to 
accept  party  nominations  for  positions  of  high  trust,  uni- 
formly declindd.  He  is  tolerant  in  his  religious  opinions. 
His  entire  life  has  been  one  of  quiet  usefulness,  characterized 
by  industry,  enterprise,  fine  social  qualities  and  generous 
impulses.  Temperance  in  language  and  in  habit  has  been 
with  him  a constant  rule  of  conduct,  and  he  lives  to  enjoy 
the  respect  of  his  neighbors.  His  wife  died  September 
27  th,  1870. 


ARMEYER,  HENRY,  Magistrate,  is  a native  of 
Cincinnati.  He  was  born  there  on  the  3d  of 
March,  1842,  and  was  the  oldest  of  the  six  chil- 
dren of  Rudolph  Harmeyer  and  Louisa  Kall- 
meyer,  natives  of  Hanover,  Germany.  His  father 
came  to  America  early  in  life,  settled  in  Cincin- 
nati, and  there  worked  at  his  trade,  that  of  stone  mason, 
until  his  death  from  cholera,  in  the  year  1S49.  In  the 
same  year,  and  of  the  same  dreadful  disease,  the  mother 
also  died,  and  the  children  were  left  orphans.  Henry, 
happily,  was  able  to  attend  the  public  schools  in  Cincinnati, 
and  so  laid  the  groundwork  of  the  education  which  he  had 
early  set  his  heart  upon  obtaining.  When  he  was  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  went  to  work  upon  a farm  in  Greene  town- 
ship, Hamilton  county,  and  conlinued  to  work  there  for 
some  two  years.  He  was  not  well  satisfied  with  his  condi- 
tion there,  however,  and  at  the  end  of  the  two  years,  desir- 
ing to  see  more  of  the  world,  he  ran  away  from  his  em- 
ployer and  guardian,  got  a situation  as  a deck  hand  on  a 
steamboat  on  the  Ohio  river  and  went  to  New  Orleans.  He 
remained  there  only  a few  days,  and  then  he  shipped  on  a 
vessel  as  a sailor  before  the  mast.  He  made  a trip  to  Liver- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPH^DIA. 


109 


pool  and  back  in  ibis  capacity,  and  on  his  return  went  back 
10  Cincinnati,  going  up  the  river  on  a steamboat  as  a pas- 
senger from  New  Orleans.  He  went  to  work  in  Cincinnati, 
and  worked  steadily  at  whatever  his  hands  found  to  do  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  That  offered 
him  a new  field,  and  in  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  of 
the  6th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  remained  in  the  army 
three  years  and  three  months,  and  during  his  term  of  service 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Mission 
Ridge,  besides  being  in  numerous  skirmishes  and  minor  en- 
gagements. At  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge  he  was  wounded, 
being  shot  through  the  lower  part  of  his  head.  On  account 
of  this  wound  he  was  sent  to  the  Cincinnati  Hospital,  and 
after  his  recovery  was  employed  as  baggage-master  at  the 
hospital  during  the  remainder  of  his  term  of  enlistment.  In 
the  fall  of  1864,  after  leaving  the  army,  he  returned  to 
Greene  township,  where  he  again  went  to  work  at  farming. 
He  continued  so  to  work  with  great  assiduity  until  another 
year  had  passed.  Then  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  continued  in  this  line  of 
business  until  the  year  1870.  In  that  year  he  was  elected 
Constable  of  the  old  Seventh  Ward,  and  to  this  position  he 
was  re-elected  four  limes.  In  the  fall  of  1875  he  was  elected 
Magistrate  of  Cincinnati  township.  For  the  responsible 
duties  of  this  position  he  is  admirably  fitted  by  education, 
e.xperience  and  the  upright  integrity  of  his  character.  He 
is  a man  of  temperate  life,  pleasant  social  characteristics, 
strict  justice  and  large  and  intelligent  observation.  He  is  a 
Protestant  in  religion,  and  a Republican  in  politics.  He 
was  married  in  1863  to  Harriet  Powner,  of  Greene  town- 
ship, Hamilton  county,  Ohio. 


OBLE,  JACK.SON  M.,  Superintendent  of  the  Street- 
Cleaning  Department  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  April  30th,  1817.  He 
was  the  second  child  in  a family  of  seven  children, 
whose  parents  were  Henry  Noble  and  Mary 
(Mitchell)  Noble.  His  father,  a native  of  Mary- 
land, was  engaged  in  agricultural  and  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  settled  in  Clermont  county  at  an  early  day.  He  was  a 
participant  in  the  last  war  with  Great  Britain,  and  served 
under  General  Harrison  in  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe.  He 
was  a member  of  the  City  Council  of  Cincinnati  for  several 
terms,  and  for  a long  time  officiated  also  as  Coroner  of 
Hamilton  county.  He  died  in  1866  in  Cincinnati,  to  which 
place  he  had  removed  in  1826.  His  mother,  a native  of 
Maryland,  died  in  Cincinnati  in  1834.  His  early  education 
was  obtained  at  the  common  schools  of  the  original  settle- 
ments. While  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  applied  his  atten- 
tion to  the  trade  of  carpentering,  which  he  subsequently 
followed,  as  apprentice,  journeyman  and  master  builder,  suc- 
cessively, until  1854.  In  that  year  he  eng.agcd  in  the  roof- 
ing business,  with  which  he  has  since  been  more  or  less  con- 


tinuously connected.  For  three  consecutive  terms,  from 
1856  to  1861,  he  was  a member  of  the  City  Council;  and 
in  the  latter  year  was  elected  City  Treasurer,  the  duties  of 
which  office  he  performed  efficiently  for  the  ensuing  two 
years.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  Presidential  Elector  for 
the  Second  Congressional  District  of  Ohio,  and  in  the  course 
of  the  same  year  received  the  nomination  for  Auditor  of  the 
county,  but,  with  the  entire  ticket,  was  defeated.  In  1873 
he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Street-Cleaning  De- 
partment of  Cincinnati,  which  position  he  still  fills.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  attached  to  the  Democratic  party,  and  cast  his 
first  vote  in  favor  of  Martin  Van  Buren.  He  was  married, 
f'chruary  17th,  1843,  Louisa  H.  Francisco,  a native  of 
Cincinnati,  and  is  the  father  of  nine  children. 


ONES,  M.  IL,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Georgetown, 
District  of  Columbia,  P'ebruary  13th,  1825.  His 
parents,  natives  of  Maryland,  settled  finally  in 
Georgetown,  which  w'as  the  home  of  the  family 
until  the  death  of  its  male  head,  Frederick  P. 
Jones.  His  mother  with  her  family  then  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  settled  at  Mechanicsburg,  wdrence  later  she 
moved  to  Piqua.  There  his  preliminary  education  was 
acquired.  After  engaging  for  a brief  period  in  teaching 
school,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  S.  S.  McKin- 
ney, of  Piqua,  and  in  1848  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
then  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he 
has  since  been  constantly  and  successfully  engaged.  In 
1851  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  was  twice 
re-elected,  serving  in  all  six  years.  In  1857  he  was  elected 
to  the  I.egislature  from  Miami  county,  and  served  two  terms. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  a Commissioner  of  Enrolment  f<  r 
the  P'ourth  Congressional  District,  which  position  he  resigned 
after  serving  about  eighteen  months.  Politically,  he  has 
been  attached  to  the  Republican  party  since  its  formation. 
He  was  married  in  1851  to  jane  \V.  Wood,  of  Piqua,  Ohio. 


CFARLAND,  WILLIAM  H.,  Clergyman,  was 
born,  June  iqlh,  1832,  near  New  Athens,  Har- 
rison county,  Ohio.  His  father  was  born  in  Ire- 
land, and  his  mother  in  Pennsylvania.  His 
parents  being  industrious,  frugal,  energetic  and 
upright,  he  had  much  better  than  an  average 
home  training,  and  a fair  common  school  education,  for 
which  he  was  indebted  chiefly  tojiis  father.  At  sixteen  he 
entered  Franklin  College,  New  Athens,  Ohio,  where  he 
graduated  wdth  honor  at  twenty-two.  When  twenty-five  he 
graduated  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Xenia,  Oh.io.  In 
1859  he  accepted  a call  to  become  pastor  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  congregation  of  Cambridge,  Ohio.  In  August, 
1862,  he  was  elected  and  commissioned  Chaplain  of  the 


I 


I lO 


BIOCRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOr.tDIA. 


97th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  whicli  he  served 
acceptably  and  successfully  for  nearly  three  years.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  tendered  a commission  as  Chaplain 
in  the  regular  army,  but  declined  to  accept  it.  Returning 
to  Cambridge  he  resumed  his  pastoral  labors  in  the  congre- 
gation, which  had  refused  to  accept  his  resignation.  His 
congregation  has  now  four  times  as  many  members  as  when 
he  became  its  pastor  in  1859.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  most  pros- 
perous United  Presbyterian  congregation  in  Ohio,  having 
received  nearly  five  hundred  members  within  ten  years.  It 
has  also  recently  completed  a very  handsome  church,  seat- 
ing a thousand  persons.  lie  seems  well  pleased  with  his 
situation,  although  tempting  offers  have  been  made  to  him 
from  much  larger  and  more  important  places.  lie  was  mar- 
ried, .\pril  26th,  1871,  to  l.izzie  J.  Hanna,  New  Athens, 
Ohio. 


ANNA,  MAJOR  JAMES  J.,  Attorney-at-Law, 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Hari  ison  county,  Ohio,  October  7th,  1839.  He 
is  the  son  of  Janies  Hanna  and  Margaret  (Fulton) 
Hanna.  His  father,  also  a native  of  Harrison 
county,  was  a farmer.  His  mother  was  born  in 
F'ayette  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  received  his  preliminary 
education  at  the  Franklin  College,  in  his  n.ative  county,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  i860.  January 
25th,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  as  a private  for 
the  term  of  three  years,  and  was  elected  and  commissioned 
Captain  of  Company  K of  the  69th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Vol- 
unteer Infantry.  This  force  was  assigned  to  Buell’s  army, 
operating  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  Mission  Ridge,  and  took  part  also  in  the  engage- 
ments of  the  Atlanta  campaign.  After  the  battle  at  Stone 
river  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  service  on  the  field.  At  Mission  Ridge  he  com- 
manded the  regiment,  and  was  handsomely  noticed  in  the 
official  report  of  that  engagement.  His  health  failing,  he 
obtained  leave  of  absence  after  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  and 
returned  for  a brief  visit  to  his  home,  while  the  army  under 
Sherman  struck  across  Georgia  to  reach  the  sea.  He  at- 
tempted to  rejoin  his  regiment  at  Moorchead  City,  via  New 
York  and  Savannah,  and  failing  to  do  this,  upon  reaching 
the  latter  place  after  the  enemy  had  departed  for  Carolina, 
commanded  a detachment  of  the  14th  Army  Corps,  and  was 
employed  in  post  duty  for  about  two  months.  After  which, 
and  near  the  termination  of  the  conflict,  he  again  returned 
to  his  home  and  commeneed  the  study  of  law.  The  winter 
of  1867-68  he  spent  in  the  law  department  of  the  Michigan 
University,  at  Ann  Harbor,  Michigan.  In  the  latter  year 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  entered 
on  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Springfield.  In  1871  he 
was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city,  on  the  Re|niblican  ticket,  and 
in  1873  re-elected  to  the  same  office.  He  still  con- 


tinues his  professional  labors,  and  is  widely  and  favorably 
known  as  a lawyer  and  an  upright  citizen.  In  his  capacity 
of  Mayor  he  has  served  with  great  credit  to  himself,  and 
loyally  guarded  the  best  interests  of  his  constituency.  He 
was  married,  Sejjtember  7th,  1869,  to  Fannie  L.  M’Fadden, 
of  Cadiz,  Harrison  county,  Ohio. 


OWEN,  DANIEL  DUANE  TOMPKINS, 
Lawyer,  was  born  in  Moorefield,  Harrison 
county,  Ohio,  on  January  20th,  1826,  being  the 
son  of  the  late  Benjamin  Sprague  Cowen.  From 
a very  early  age  until  December,  1832,  he  at- 
tended school  in  Moorefield,  and  upon  the  re- 
moval of  his  jiarents  to  St.  Clairsville,  at  that  time,  he  be- 
came a student  of  its  common  schools.  He  was  then  sent 
to  Cadiz,  Ohio,  where  he  studied  the  classics  until  the  fall 
of  1841.  His  father,  intending  him  for  the  bar,  desired  that 
he  should  acquire  first,  as  indispensable  to  a thorough  ap- 
prehension of  law  and  its  application  to  science,  a knowl- 
edge of  medicine.  To  this  end  he  read  under  Dr.  John 
Ale.xander  of  St.  Clairsville,  and  upon  the  completion  of  a 
full  course  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  with  his  father 
and  Hugh  J.  Jewett.  On  January  20th,  1847,  his  twenty- 
second  birthday,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Columbus, 
and  at  once  commenced  his  professional  duties  at  St.  Clairs- 
ville, occupying  the  office  formerly  used  by  his  father,  who 
had  just  been  elected  to  the  bench.  His  practice  was  be- 
gun under  most  favorable  auspices,  and  became  rapidly 
large  and  remunerative.  In  1851  he  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  of  Belmont  county,  and  was  honored  by 
re-elections  in  1853  and  1855.  Upon  the  resignation  of 
Judge  Okey,  one  of  the  incumbents  of  the  Common  Pleas 
bench  for  that  district,  Mr.  Cowen  was  appointed  by  the 
Governor  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  was  a delegate  to  the 
Ohio  Constitutional  Convention  of  1873,  and  was  one  of  its 
ablest  members,  filling  positions  on  important  committees, 
and  framing  many  articles  for  incorporation  in,  and  urging 
needed  amendments  to  the  organic  law  of  the  State.  From 
1854  until  1862  he  was  on  the  Board  of  School  Examiners 
of  Belmont  county.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  St.  Clairsville,  which  was  organized 
in  April,  1S64,  and  ever  since  its  commencement  of  business 
he  has  filled  its  Presidency.  In  1862  he  was  appointerl 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  526  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
served  with  that  command,  and  for  the  greater  portion  of 
the  time  in  charge  of  it,  until  February,  1863,  when  he  re- 
signed on  account  of  the  illness  of  his  wife.  He  was,  on 
March  28th,  1848,  married  to  H.  F.  Martin,  of  F'ayette 
county,  Pennsylvania,  who  died  in  May,  1864.  On  August 
8th,  1865,  he  married  her  sister,  Anna  E.  Martin.  Mr. 
Cowen  is  the  oldest  practising  lawyer  at  the  St.  Clairsville 
bar,  and  has  a large  and  influential  clientage.  He  has  been 
retained  in  almost  all  the  important  civil  and  criminal  actions 


^^axy  Pub-Co 


.TV  • 


V 


■f 


4>  .♦■•'• 


1. 


f 

1 •. 


i 


»' 


>v 


I 


■ -rf 

K 

V' 


r 


"■ 

, ,,'  ) 


^ %u.:  • 


'A  • •' 


.ii'- 


;•.•■  - -/: 

- *1; 

/ 

*•.  ",  '?%' 

V, 


I 


'.W 


"T 


tfc  Jrt* 


>■ 


' > •■» 

s 


: 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


Ill 


which  have  engaged  the  attention  of  the  local  coiuts,  and 
has  distinguished  himself  for  his  ability  as  a consulting  at- 
torney and  pleader.  While  upon  the  bench  his  rulings  and 
decisions  confirmed  popular  opinion  of  his  thorough  legal 
training,  and  his  wisdom  in  clear  and  conclusive  interpreta- 
tion of  the  laws.  His  arguments,  whether  addressed  to 
juries  or  to  the  court  sitting  in  banc,  have  always  been 
models  of  lucid  analyzation  of  fact,  and  faultless  interpreta- 
tion and  application  of  the  authorities.  As  Mayor  of  the 
city,  and  as  a member  of  municipal  depaitments,  he  excited 
every  effort  to  improve  the  material  welfaie  of  his  fellow- 
citizens.  In  all  his  labors,  private  and  official,  he  has  dis- 
]i!ayed  signal  tact  and  learning,  and  unquestionable  integiity, 
and  is  rewarded  with  the  respect  of  the  entire  community. 


^OR.SEY,  GODWIN  VOLNEV,  M.  D.,  President 
of  the  Citizens  National  Bank,  ex-State  Treasurer, 
was  born  in  Oxford,  Batler  county,  Ohio,  Novem- 
ber 17th,  1812,  being  the  only  son  of  James  Max- 
well Darsey.  The  Darsey  family  originally  settled 
in  Maryland  over  two  hundred  years  ago,  and 
succeeding  generations  have  continued  their  residence  in 
that  State  up  to  the  present  time,  not  merely  perpetuating 
the  family  name  but  rendering  it  one  of  the  mo:^t  reputable 
known  in  that  section  of  the  country.  The  names  of  Major 
Edward  Dorsey  and  John  Dorsey,  Esq.,  appear  on  the  com- 
mission appointed  in  1694  to  lay  out  the  town  of  Annapolis, 
or,  as  it  was  then  called,  “Anne  Arundel’s  Towne ; ” and 
in  locating  the  public  buildings  it  was  provided,  as  shown  by 
records  still  extant,  that  “ that  part  of  the  lands  which  lye  on 
ye  creeke  by  Major  Dorsey’s  house,  whereby  his  excellency, 
G ivernor  Nicliolson,  now  lives,  be  set  aside  for  public 
buildings,  and  if  in  case  ye  same  happens  to  come  within 
any  of  the  said  Major’s  lottes,  propose  that  land  be  given 
him  elsewhere  for  it.”  One  year  afterwards  the  same  gentle- 
men headed  a committee  which  procured  funds  and  built 
the  first  Episcopal  church  in  the  new  city.  From  these 
early  Maryland  families  the  name  of  Dorsey  spread  exten- 
sively through  that  State  and  into  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
and  even  Kentucky  and  Mississippi.  Major  James  Maxwell 
Dorsey,  the  father  of  Godwin  Volney  Dorsey,  removed  to 
Ohio  from  Baltimore  in  1809.  For  one  year  he  lived  in 
Cincinnati,  and  then  settled  in  Oxford  township,  Butler 
county.  This  was  in  1810.  For  many  years  succeeding  he 
was  connected  with  Miami  University,  having  the  care  of 
the  lands  and  the  charge  of  the  work  of  erecting  the  college 
buildings.  He  acted,  in  addition,  as  Treasurer  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees.  During  the  war  of  1812  he  commanded  the 
Odd  Battalion,  raised  in  Butler  county,  which  afterwards 
rendered  valuable  services  on  scouting  expeditions  in  the 
western  and  northwestern  parts  of  the  State.  It  was  at 
Miami  University  that  Godwin  Volney  Dorsey  was  educated. 
Upon  leaving  this  venerable  institution  he  studied  medicine 


with  Dr.  John  O’P’errall,  of  Piqua,  Miami  county,  and  with 
Professor  John  Eberle,  of  Cincinnati.  Immediately  after 
graduating  from  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in  1836,  from 
which  institution  he  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.,  he  entered 
upon  practice  in  Piqua,  and  in  a very  short  time,  by  his  skill 
and  care  in  the  discharge  of  his  professional  duties,  he  se- 
cured a very  large  and  influential  patronag^,  svliich  he  re- 
tained without  interruption  for  more  than  twenty-five  years. 
Although  there  were  many  inducements  for  his  withdrawal 
for  a time  from  his  practice,  he  allowed  none  to  influence 
him  in  his  steadfast  purpose  of  winning  a standard  reputation 
for  ability.  His  political  affiliations  were  originally  Lleino- 
cratic.  He  became  a disciple  of  the  old  Jeffersonian  school, 
casting  his  first  Presidential  vote  for  Martin  Van  Buren 
in  1836.  In  1848  he  was  an  Elector  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  and  supported  General  Cass  for  the  Presidency.  He 
was  elected  from  the  strong  M’hig  district,  comprising  Miami, 
Darke  and  Shelby  counties,  a Senatorial  delecate  to  the  Con- 
vention of  1849,  " hich  formed  the  new  Con.stitution  of  Ohio; 
and  though  acting  and  voting  uniformly  with  the  Democrats, 
he  refused  to  allow  himself  to  be  drawn  into  the  weakness 
of  endeavoring  to  incorporate  mere  party  politics  in  an  in- 
strument which  w'as  to  be  the  organic  law  of  the  whole 
State  and  of  all  parties.  He  introduced  and  carried  suc- 
cessfully through  that  body  the  present  self-regulating  ap- 
portionment scheme  for  State  Senators  and  Representatives, 
a scheme  which  gave  general  satisfaction  to  all  parlies  at  that 
time,  and  which  still  satisfies  them.  Prior  to  the  assembling 
of  this  Convention  each  decade  witnessed  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature scenes  of  bitter  partisan  contests,  and  ihe  introduction 
of  the  most  flagrant  and  indefensible  plans  for  an  apportion- 
ment of  the  districts  to  favor  and  continue  the  success  of 
the  dominant  party  at  the  time.  Dr.  Dorsey  proposed  to 
the  Committee  on  Apportionment  the  measure  now  em- 
bodied in  the  Constitution,  as  a remedy  for  this  constantly- 
recurring  evil.  Pie  also  drew  up  that  clause  of  Ihe  Consti- 
tution, to  be  found  in  section  vii.  of  article  13,  in  reference  to 
the  investiture  of  associations  with  banking  powers.  In  the 
memorable  Know-Nothing  contest  of  1854  he  was  defeated 
for  Congress,  as  was  every  Congressional  candidate  of  his 
party  in  the  State.  In  1856  he  was  a delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional Democratic  Convention  at  Cincinnati,  and  advocated 
the  nomination  of  Mr.  Buchanan.  He  w'as  again  placed  in 
the  field  for  Congress,  when  Mr.  Buchanan  w’as  the  standard- 
bearer  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  although  he  ran  ahead 
of  that  distinguished  gentleman  in  his  district,  he  sustained 
another  defeat.  In  1857  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  State  Auditor,  upon  the  ticket  with  Hon.  R.  P.  Ranney 
for  Governor.  In  i860  he  became  an  ardent  supporter  of 
-Senator  Douglas  for  the  Presidency,  and  differed  with  Mr. 
Buchanan  on  the  question  of  the  Lecompton  Constitution 
for  Kansas.  He  was  one  of  the  original  anti-slavery  Dem- 
ocrats, having  been  a member  of'the  Committee  on  Resolu- 
tions in  the  Democratic  Convention  of  1848,  which  drew 
1 up  the  celebrated  anti-slavery  resolution  of  that  year. 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


1 12 

When  the  civil  war  broke  out,  and  before  Mr.  Lincoln  was 
inaugurated,  Dr.  Dorsey  openly  declared  himself  in  favor 
of  sustaining  the  administration,  and  from  that  time  his 
energies,  his  influence,  his  material  aid  were  all  generously 
given  in  aid  of  the  Union  cause.  He  wrote  the  celebrated 
“Statesman  Letter,”  published  originally  in  that  paper  at 
Columbus,  and  afterwards  in  every  paper  in  the  State,  ad- 
vocating the  formation  of  a Union  party,  and  which  did 
more  perhaps  than  any  one  thing  in  organizing  that  party 
in  the  State.  lie  became  a candidate  in  i86l  for  State 
Treasurer  on  the  Union  ticket,  and  was  elected  by  the 
largest  majority  of  any  one  on  the  State  ticket.  In  1863  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  same  office,  which  he  resigned  iii 
1S65.  On  the  8th  of  January,  1864,  he  delivered  by  request 
a Eulogy  on  General  Andrew  Jackson  before  both  Houses 
of  the  General  Assembly,  at  Columbus,  and  in  the  same 
year  was  one  of  the  Senatorial  delegates  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention,  and  advocated  the  renomination  of  Mr.  Lin- 
coln. During  the  years  1863  and  1864  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Republican  Executive  Committee  of  Ohio.  In  1868 
he  was  chosen  by  the  Electoral  College,  on  the  Grant  and 
Colfax  ticket,  a Senatorial  Elector,  to  till  the  place  made 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Governor  D.avid  Tod.  He  served 
as  a member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1873,  and 
distinguished  his  service  in  that  body  by  advocating  the 
adoption  of  reform  measures,  which  he  ably  and  eloquently 
sustained.  For  twenty  years  he  was  a member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Miami  University.  He  was  the  first  President 
of  the  Piqua  Hydraulic  Company,  and  is  now  President  of 
the  Citizens’  National  Bank  of  Piqua.  The  ability  of  Dr. 
Dorsey,  in  the  profession  of  medicine  and  in  the  field  of 
politics,  of  education  and  of  business  enterprise,  may  be 
fairly  estimated  from  this  record.  There  are  few,  perhaps, 
who  have  so  well  merited  the  confidence  and  respect  of 
their  fellow-citizens  as  he,  and  few  have  discharged  the 
varied  and  responsible  duties  imposed  upon  them  with 
greater  energy  or  greater  fidelity.  He  was  married,  June, 
1837,  to  N.  M.  McCorkle,  daughter  of  Hon.  John  Mc- 
Corkle,  of  Piqua.  In  1S56  he  was  married  to  L.  P.  Mor- 
row, daughter  of  D.  Tuttle,  Esq.,  of  Indianapolis. 


IlOYCE,  HON.  GEORGE  \V.,  Member  of  the  Ohio 
Legislature,  was  born  in  Columbiana  county.  May 
3d,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Jane  (Brady) 
Boyce,  both  of  whom  were  of  Irish  descent.  His 
father  was  a lumber  dealer  and  a farmer,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  by  bis  neighbors.  George  W. 
had  meagre  advantages  for  culture  in  early  life,  but  these 
he  improved  in  the  highest  degree  possible.  He  was  am- 
bitious for  liberal  and  substantial  culture  in  the  most  prac- 
tical and  popular  branches,  and  to  this  end  he  entered  the  ' 
University  of  Ohio,  at  Athens,  after  attaining  his  majority, 
and  sustained  himself  by  teaching.  He  graduated  in  1867, 


taking  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  receiving  subsequently,  in 
course,  the  degree  of  A.  M.  Upon  leaving  this  institution 
he  started  an  academy  at  Savannah,  Athens  county,  which 
soon  attained  a flourishing  condition  and  took  bigh  rank  as 
a school  for  instruction.  Having,  however,  previously 
registered  for  the  bar,  he  disposed  of  this  institution  at  the 
end  of  a year  and  entered  the  Cincinnati  Law  School,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1869.  During  this  course  of  study 
he  read  law  under  the  private  supervision  of  Judge  Stover, 
of  the  Superior  Court,  and  became  thoroughly  fitted  for 
memljership  of  the  bar,  to  which  he  was  admitted.  He  at 
once  associated  with  W.  F.  Boyd,  and  entered  into  practice, 
in  which  he  made  rapid  progress,  attaining  gradually  to  the 
position  of  a leading  lawyer.  In  1873  he  was  elected  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  to  represent  Cincinnati  in  the  Sixty-first 
General  Assembly  of  the  State,  and  is  still  a member  of  that 
body.  He  is  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revision,  and 
a member  of  the  Committee  on  Finance.  He  is  a clear 
and  logical  debater,  an  active  worker,  and  has  participated 
prominently  in  all  the  proceedings  of  the  Assembly  since 
his  entrance  to  it.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being  a.  thor- 
oughly-read lawyer,  familiar  with  all  branches  of  practice, 
careful  in  the  management  of  all  cases  intru.sted  to  him, 
and  faithful  to  the  interests  of  those  who  seek  his  skill  and 
confidence. 

OWE,  ANDREW  J.\CKSON,  Surgeon,  was  born 
in  Paxton,  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  in 
1826.  His  early  years  were  passed  on  a farm. 
He  receiv'ed  a classical  course  at  Leice.ster  Acad- 
emy, and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1853. 
During  this  year  and  the  following  one  he  took 
courses  of  lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, and  afterwards  hospital  instruction  in  New  York. 
After  graduating  at  the  Worcester  Medical  Institution  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  his  Alnta  Mater. 
In  1S56  he  accepted  the  same  position  in  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute,  of  Cincinnati.  In  1870  he  brought  out  a 
“Treatise  on  Fractures  and  Dislocations,”  and  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  Surgery.  In  1873  he  wrote  a 
“ Manual  of  Eye  Surgery,”  and  has  in  an  advanced  state 
of  preparation  a general  work  on  the  “ Principles  and  Prac- 
tice of  Surgery,”  designing  most  of  the  illustrations  with  his 
own  pencil.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  exhibited  in- 
ventive talent  in  the  construction  of  instruments,  and  in  the 
execution  of  difficult  operations.  He  has  successfully  per- 
formed most  of  the  great  operations  in  surgery,  and  many 
of  them  repeatedly.  He  has  frequently  been  called  long 
distances  as  an  expert  witness  in  malpractice  trials,  and  is 
familiar  with  nice  points  in  medical  jurisprudence.  He 
illustrates  his  lectures  with  striking  diagrams  of  his  own 
make  and  with  crayon  sketches  rapidly  drawn  while  speak- 
ing. He  is  a constant  contributor  of  surgical  pajiers  to  the 
Eclectic  Medical  Joztrual,  ’and  an  occasional  writer  for 


BIOGRAPIIICAI.  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


popular  and  scientific  periodicals.  He  has  also  acquired  I 
distinction  in  comparative  anatomy,  and  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Natural  History.  Dr.  Howe  stands  ( 
to-d.ay  among  the  leading  men  and  teachers  in  his  school  ; 
in  the  ^Vest,  and  ranks  as  one  of  the  first  surgeons  of  the 
country.  His  scholarly  attainments  give  him  some  advan- 
tages over  his  brethren,  being  one  of  the  finest  speakers  and 
most  successful  teachers  of  the  distinguished  medical  men 
of  the' day.  Dr.  Howe  has  a large  and  valuable  practice, 
is  yet  in  the  prime  of  life,  with  a fine  body  and  constitution, 
and  with  the  prospect  of  a bright  and  useful  career  before 
him. 


0 'to 

f 


■'  ELIS,  S.  H.,  Worthy  Master  of  the  State  Grange 
of  Ohio  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  was  born  near 
Martinsville,  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  January  3d, 
1830.  His  father,  Robert  Ellis,  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  removed  j 
with  his  father  to  Ohio,  where,  in  young  man-  ] 
hood,  he  married  Susan  Lewis,  who  died  in  a few  months 
after  marriage.  Seth’s  mother’s  name  was  Anna  Hackett, 
who,  in  young  womanhood,  married  James  Moon,  and 
from  this  marriage  had  one  child,  a daughter.  Soon  after 
the  birth  of  this  child  her  husband  died  ; in  course  of  time  j 
Robert  Ellis  and  Anna  Moon  were  united  in  marriage.  ! 
Their  first  child,  being  a daughter,  was  named  Susan  Ellis;  j 
and  their  second,  being  a son,  was  named  James  M.  Ellis,  | 
thus  preserving  the  name  of  the  husband  of  one  and  the  ' 
wife  of  the  other  in  the  family.  This  union,  which  con- 
tinued more  than  fifty  years  and  was  one  of  unusual  happi-  I 
ness,  was  terminated  by  the  death  of  Robert  Ellis,  in  | 
March,  1874,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine  years  and  six  ' 
months.  His  widow,  Anna,  is  still  living.  The  early  edit-  ' 
cation  of  the  .subject  of  this  sketch  was  confined  to  the 
usual  three-months  district  school  of  each  winter  until  he 
reached  his  seventeenth  year,  when  he  had  the  privilege  of 
attending  for  a year  in  succession  the  school  in  Springboro’, 
under  the  instruction  of  an  excellent  instructor,  Charles 
Kimble,  who  took  great  interest  in  his  advancement.  At 
the  close  of  this  year’s  schooling  he  received  a certificate 
from  the  Examiners  of  Warren  county,  Ohio,  to  teach 
school,  said  certificate  good  for  two  years.  He  afterwards 
obtained  a certificate  in  Montgomery  county,  on  which  he 
taught  school  six  months.  In  August,  1851,  just  before 
commencing  the  latter  school,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Rebecca  J.  Tressler,  who  was  born  and  reared  on  a farm 
adjoining  the  one  where  they  now  live,  one  and  one-half 
miles  east  of  Springboro’.  From  this  union  they  have  five 
girls  and  two  boys,  of  whom  the  eldest  daughter,  Evan- 
geline, is  married  to  A.  M.  Somers.  Mr.  Ellis  has  been  a 
practical  farmer  ever  since  he  commenced  business  for 
himself,  in  the  spring  of  1852.  At  the  organization  of  | 
Grange  No.  6,  in  Ohio,  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  October 
1st,  1872,  he  was  unanimously  chosen  to  be  its  principal  [ 

'5 


1 1 


officer,  or  Master;  and  at  the  expiration  of  this  term  of  office 
he  was  again  re-elected.  He  was  appointed  soon  after  his 
connection  with  the  order,  by  the  national  officers,  as  a 
General  Deputy,  to  organize  subordinate  granges  in  Ohio. 
I!y  the  ist  of  the  following  April  he  had  organized  over 
seventy  granges.  On  the  9th  day  of  April,  1873,  ^he  mas- 
ters of  the  various  subordinate  granges  in  the  State  (it  then 
being  located  in  the  following  counties,  viz. : Stark,  Portage, 
Hocking,  Montgomery,  Clinton,  Vinton,  Clermont,  Greene 
and  Warren)  met  at  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  and  with  the 
assistance  of  Mr.  T.  A.  Thompson,  of  Minnesota,  Worthy 
Lecturer  of  the  National  Grange,  organized  the  State 
Grange  of  Ohio.  Of  this  organization  his  associates  chose 
Mr.  Ellis  to  be  its  chief  officer,  that  of  Worthy  Master,  the 
election  to  last  for  two  years.  At  the  expiration  of  this 
period,  in  March,  1875,  1’*^  again  nearly  unanimously 
re-elected  to  the  same  position  for  another  term  of  two 
years.  The  granges  in  the  State  having  increased  up  to 
that  time,  under  his  efficient  leadership,  to  over  1 too,  with  a 
membership  of  over  50,000,  his  labors  in  this  good  work 
have  been  incessant,  and  next  to  his  family  and  the  church 
has  lain  nearest  his  heart.  His  position  as  the  chief  officer 
in  the  State  has  led  to  the  acquaintance  of  many  of  the 
best  men  and  women  in  Ohio,  he  having  in  this  capacity 
formed  acquaintance,  more  or  less  intimate,  with  persons 
in  every  county  in  the  State ; and  having  the  office  of  State 
Master  places  the  resjionsible  duty  of  representing  the  order 
in  Ohio  in  the  National  Grange  upon  Mr.  Ellis  and  his 
wife,  which  position  they  have  filled  in  three  meetings  of 
the  National  Grange,  the  first  at  St.  Loui;,  Missouri,  the 
second  at  Charleston,  .South  Carolina,  and  the  third  at 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  the  latter  commencing  November 
17th,  1875.  At  this  meeting  Mr.  Ellis  was  chosen  Chaplain 
of  the  National  Grange  for  the  next  three  years.  The 
biography  of  Colonel  William  H.  Hill  will  give  the  reader 
an  idea  of  the  business  transacted  by  this  noble  association 
of  farmers. 


RUHL,  GUSTAVUS,  M.  D.,  was  born.  May  31st, 
1826,  in  the  village  of  Herdorf,  in  the  Prussian 
province  of  Rhenania,  where  his  father  was  pro- 
prietor of  mines  and  smelting  furnaces.  He  re- 
ceived a classical  education  at  the  colleges  of 
Siegen,  Muenster-Eiffel  and  Treves,  where  he 
graduated,  then  studied  medicine,  philosophy  and  history 
at  the  universities  of  Munich,  Halle  and  Ilerlin,  and  after 
having  passed  the  required  examinations  he  was  honored 
with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He  was  induced  to  come  to 
America  in  1848,  partly  by  the  difficulty  of  finding  success- 
ful practice  in  a field  already  overstocked,  and  partly  by 
the  fever  of  emigration,  then  at  its  height  in  Germany, 
and  which  was  fanned  in  him  by  the  inviting  letters  sent 
him  by  his  uncle,  John  Gerlach  llriihl,  a resident  of 
Missouri.  Upon  his  arrival  he  started  en  route  for  Missouri, 


>4 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E \ CYC  LO  ICE  I ) I A . 


hut  on  his  way  down  the  Oliio  the  boat  in  which  he  took 
passage  was  laid  up  at  Cincinnati  on  account  of  low  water, 
('■oing  on  sliore  he  encountered  a relative  of  his  mother’s 
family,  who  persuaded  him  to  settle  permanently  in  that 
city,  lie  opened  an  office  at  the  corner  of  Laurel  and  Linn 
streets,  and  soon  established  himself  in  a lucrative  practice 
by  the  exercise  of  skill  and  care  in  the  performance  of  his 
profe.ssional  duties.  P’or  several  years  he  was  Acting 
Physician  of  St.  Mary’s  Hospital.  He  lectured  for  a while 
in  the  Miami  Medical  College  on  laryngoscopy  and  diseases 
of  the  throat,  but  refused  a chair  of  Obstetrics,  offered  him 
by  several  medical  colleges.  In  the  summer  of  1869  he 
accepted  the  editorship  of  the  German  Pioneer,  a monthly 
magazine  devoted  to  the  “ History  of  the  German  Inhabi- 
tants of  America,”  for  which  he  had  furnished  many  im- 
portant papers.  He  resigned  this  position  upon  the  con- 
clusion of  the  second  volume,  in  1870,  but  continued  to 
contribute  sketches  from  time  to  time  on  topics  of  interest 
to  the  readers  of  the  magazine.  Among  these  were  articles 
on  belles-lettres  and  scientific  subjects,  and  poems  in  the 
German  language.  He  issued  a volume  of  German  verse, 
entitled  “ Poesien  des  Urwalds  von  Kara  Giorg,”  the  latter 
being  his  noni  de  plnme.  This  volume  was  issued  in  New 
York,  in  1871.  Several  of  his  poems  were  published  in 
Steiger’s  “ Dornrosen  ” and  “ Ileimathgriisse,”  anthologies 
of  German-American  verse.  For  years  he  has  turned  his 
attention  to  the  study  of  yVmerican  archaeology,  and  de- 
livered many  lectures  on  this  topic  before  different  literary 
and  scien'.ific  societies.  The  results  of  his  investigations 
are  now  being  published  in  a work  entitled  “ Die  Cultur- 
volker  Alt- Americas,”  the  first  part  of  which  has  already 
appeared  in  print.  He  is  one  of  the  curators  of  the  His- 
torical and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio,  a member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  of  the  Natural  History 
Society  and  of  the  Literary  Club  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Peter  Clavcr  Society,  in  1867,  for 
the  education  of  poor  negro  children.  During  the  Franco- 
German  war,  in  1870-71,  he  was  President  of  the  Sanitary 
.'\id  .Society  of  Cincinnati,  and  jiresided  at  the  Peace  Jubilee 
held  in  that  city.  He  was  lately  a member  of  the  University 
Board  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  still  one  of  the  Board  of  Ex.am- 
iners  of  Public  .Schools.  Dr.  Briihl  is  a man  of  scholarly 
culture,  both  in  the  arts  and  sciences.  He  is  a patient, 
though  an  enthusiastic,  investigator,  and  his  labors  have 
thus  far  been  highly  beneficial  to  his  profession,  and 
through  this  profession  to  the  public.  He  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  improvement  of  popular  education,  and 
has  suggested  and  helped  to  carry  out  many  reforms.  He 
has  supported  all  steps  for  the  material  and  moral  welfare 
of  his  adopted  city,  and  in  this  manner  has  earned  the 
esteem  of  the  community.  His  political  affiliations  are 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  in  a number  of  campaigns 
he  has  been  one  of  the  most  eloquent  and  effective  of  its 
German  speakers.  While  absent  iir  California,  in  1871,  his 
party  honored  him  with  the  nomination  for  State  Treasurer, 


and,  though  not  elected,  his  great  popularity  in  the  State 
was  shown  by  the  heavy  vote  which  he  polled,  and  which 
was  the  highest  on  his  ticket. 


’’CKEL,  HERMANN,  was  born,  March  27lh,  1826, 
in  Woellstein,  Rheinhessen,  near  Bingen.  His 
father,  John  Peter  Eckel,  was  the  county  drug- 
gist in  this  wealthy  and  beautifully  situated  little 
town,  and  was  widely  known  in  the  community 
as  a gentleman  of  high  professional  attainments, 
liberal  views  and  humane  principles.  His  prominent  trait 
was  a tender  love  for  his  children,  united  with  a peculiar 
ability  to  impress  them  strongly  with  a sense  of  the  beauti- 
ful in  nature.  Until  his  eleventh  year  Hermann  had  no 
other  schooling  than  that  afforded  by  the  country  school  of 
his  native  village.  In  the  spring  of  1837  he  was  sent  to 
Darmstadt,  and  there  undertook  the  higher  curriculum  of 
the  “ Realschule,”  and  afterwards  that  of  “ Polytechnicum.” 
The  records  of  both  these  higher  institutions  show  that  he 
advanced  and  graduated  with  honors.  At  the  desire  of  his 
parents  he  chose  the  fields  of  pharmacy  in  which  to  serve 
the  usual  apprenticeship.  He  was  accordingly  articled  at 
Knonberg,  Nassau.  In  1844  he  passed,  before  the  Faculty 
of  the  Medical  College  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hessc- 
Darmstadt,  the  examination  necessary  to  qualify  him  ns 
pharmaceutist’s  assistant.  After  serving  in  this  capacity  in 
different  cities  he  returned  to  Darmstadt  in  1852  and  com- 
pleted his  pharmaceutical  course  in  the  laboratory  of  the 
Polytechnic  School,  under  his  former  teacher  and  paternal 
friend.  Professor  F.  Moldenhauer.  Here  in  the  autumn  of 
1852  he  had  become  the  dux  in  his  class  and  the  orator  for 
the  chemical  section  at  the  public  exhibition.  This  duty 
he  performed  in  a manner  that  elicited  for  him  flattering 
notice  in  the  Dannsiadt  Gazelle.  In  1S53  he  passed  the 
“ Staats  Examen,”  an  ordeal  which  qualified  him  to  set  up 
for  himself  as  a regularly  licensed  pharmaceutist  or  drug- 
gist. This  same  3’ear,  1S53,  he  came  to  ,\merica.  It  was 
Hermann’s  great  love  of  freedom,  probably,  above  every- 
thing else  that  induced  him  to  come  to  this  country.  Soon 
after  arriving  in  Cincinnati  he  began  work  in  his  profession, 
and  in  a few  years,  with  some  of  the  customary  thrift  of  his 
countrymen,  he  was  able  to  do  business  for  himself.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  he  has  had  his  store  where  it  now  is. 
He  is  one  of  the  most  scholarly  and  spirited  of  our  German 
population,  and  ranks  among  leading  men  of  his  country  in 
Cincinnati.  For  ten  years  at  least  it  is  but  fair  to  say  that 
he  has  been  the  champion  of  German  in  the  public  schools. 
Mr.  Plckel  maintains  that  while  English  is  the  language  of 
this  country,  such  a respectable  number  of  the  German 
patrons  of  the  school  desire  their  children  to  speak  and 
read  the  German  that  it  is  but  just  that  the  German  .should 
be  thoroughh'  taught,  as  any  other  branch,  in  the  schools. 


BIOGRArillCAL  EN’CYCLOP.'EDIA. 


>15 


During  the  memorable  crusade,  in  1874,  Mr.  Eckel  was 
one  of  the  first  to  speak,  at  a public  meeting  of  Germans, 
against  interference  by  sumptuary  enactments  against  what 
was  termed  the  right  of  the  citizen.  In  lS6l  he  was  first 
elected  a member  of  the  School  Board  of  Cincinnati.  With 
an  intennission  of  one  year  he  has  been  a member  of  that 
body  ever  since.  Several  times  he  has  been  favored  by  the 
nominations  from  both  political  parties.  His  anti-Catholic 
and  liberal  educational  views,  and  his  bold  advocacy  of  the 
c.mse  of  the  Gennans,  doubtless,  above  everything  else, 
produce  this  in  his  favor.  IMr.  Eckel  has  won  the  reputa- 
tion of  a skilful  druggist.  He  engages  in  nothing  in  a half- 
way manner,  but  devotes  himself  earnestly  to  anything  he 
undertakes.  While  this  is  the  true  state  of  the  case,  it  is 
also  true  that  he  has  not  accumulated  wealth  to  such  a 
degree  as  most  of  his  countn-men.  By  his  keen  insight, 
indomitable  will  and  his  great  pluck,  together  with  his 
knowledge  of  German  pedagogics,  he  has  probably  more 
than  any  other  member  of  the  .School  Board  been  instru- 
mental in  eradicating  many  supposed  errors  in  the  English 
and  German  methods  of  teaching.  Although  he  is,  in  a 
sense,  the  patron  of  the  German  in  the  schools,  he  came 
into  the  Board  not  for  the  Germans  as  an  element,  but  as  a 
citizen,  with  a deep  interest  in  the  schools  and  a determina- 
tion to  do  all  he  could  for  their  highest  good.  His  work, 
therefore,  in  the  schools  has  been  as  an  American.  In  the 
famous  Bible  question  Mr.  Eckel  made  one  of  his  greatest 
efforts  against  the  continuance  of  the  Bible  in  the  schools. 
On  the  great  question  of  the  division  of  the  fund  in  favor 
of  the  Catholic  Church  he  was  one  of  its  bitterest  opponents, 
and  on  the  visit  of  nineteen  members  of  the  Board  to  the 
residence  of  the  archbishop  he  was  the  spokesman.  He  is 
not  a church  member  or  a Christian  in  any  sense  of  the 
word.  This  position  of  course  makes  him  a target  for  all 
parties;  yet  the  boldness,  address  and  good  humor,  as  well 
as  the  ability  and  earnestness  of  the  man,  insure  his  success. 
A year  ago,  realizing  his  insufficient  provision  against  the 
changes  of  the  future,  he  began  to  study  modern  alchemy, 
and  thinks  he  has  bee.n  rewarded  by  finding  the  ])hiIoso- 
pher’s  stone.  He  has  now  perfected  a process  for  enamel- 
ling iron,  from  his  own  manipulation,  without  aid  from  any 
similar  process.  This  he  justly  deems  the  greatest  work 
of  his  life,  and  thinks  “ there  is  a tide  in  the  affairs  of  men 
that  leads  to  fortune,”  and  believes  that  a competency  now 
awaits  him  and  his  children.  Although  not  a Christian,  he  1 
is  yet  disposed  to  the  view  that  “ there  is  a Providence  j 
that  shapes  our  ends,  rough  hew  them  as  we  may.”  Mr. 
Eckel  is  thoroughly  republican,  and  in  adventurous  times  | 
would  l)e  a leader  of  radical  forms  of  right  or  thought ; he 
is  .scholarly  and  has  a strong  literaiy  tendency;  has  written  I 
considerable  and  belongs  among  the  members  of  the  ration- 
alistic school  of  ideas.  He  is  as  full  of  hope  and  vigor  as 
life  itself,  and  believes,  as  he  belongs  to  a family  of  men 
noted  for  their  longevity,  that  his  friends  and  country  may 
demand  his  service,  with  propriety,  thirty  ye.ars  hence. 


15 

RAH.\M,  WILEI.YM  A.,  Wholesale  Druggist, 
was  born  in  Westchester  county,  New  York,  Jan- 
uary 9th,  1821,  where  he  spent  his  early  years 
^ and  received  his  education.  Removing  to  New 
York  city  in  1839  he  entered  upon  a clerkship  in 
^ the  drug  house  of  Graham  & Co.,  and  remained 
connected  with  this  establishment  until  March,  1845,  when 
he  went  to  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In  company  with  David 
Maginnis  he  started  a drug  house,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Maginnis  & Graham,  in  that  place,  and  the  partnership  was 
continued  until  1850,  when  Mr.  Maginnis  retired,  leaving 
the  control  of  the  business  entirely  to  his  partner  until  the 
latter  admitted  Messrs.  Willis  Bailey  and  J.  D.  Porter  to  an 
interest  in  the  house.  Under  the  able  direction  of  Mr. 
Graham  and  his  associates  the  establishment  largely  in- 
creased its  transactions,  and  earned  the  reputation  of  being 
one  of  the  best  and  most  reliable  drug  houses  in  the  State. 
In  1847  Mr.  Graham  married  Sarah  V.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
John  Hamm,  an  ex-State  Senator  of  Ohio,  and,  under  the 
administration  of  President  Jackson,  Minister  of  the  United 
States  to  Chili.  From  the  date  of  its  organization,  in  1864, 
he  has  been  a large  stockholder  and  a director  of  the  Eiret 
National  Bank  of  Zanesville,  and  was.one  of  the  most  en- 
ergetic promoters  of  the  Ohio  Iron  Company,  of  which  for 
many  years  he  was  a director.  He  is  a gentleman  of  un- 
usually brilliant  business  qualifications,  possessing  excellent 
financial  ability  and  the  requirements  of  efficient  executive 
management  of  mercantile  and  industrial  works.  His  ex- 
perience has  been  a varied  and  valuable  one,  and  as  the 
senior  member  of  one  of  the  oldest  wholesale  drug  houses 
in  the  West  he  has  become  known  to  and  esteemed  by  the 
business  community  of  Ohio  and  neighboring  States.  He 
has  at  all  times  manifested  great  interest  in  the  improve- 
ment of  Zanesville,  and  erected  a large  warehouse  on  Main 
street,  as  well  as  one  of  the  handsomest  residences  in  that 
section,  which  his  family  now  occupies.  His' support  to 
meritorious  business  as  well  as  municipal  enterprise  has 
always  been  willingly  given,  and  in  his  entire  career  as  a 
me, chant  and  private  citizen  he  has  acted  in  a manner  to 
win  and  retain  the  respect  of  the  community  in  which  he 
lives.  ■ He  has  amassed  a large  fortune,  and  is  at  the  same 
time  one  of  the  most  liberal  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
prominent  citizens  of  Zanesville. 


'ale,  benjamin  T.,  Farmer,  of  Mill  creek 
township,  near  Bondhill,  Hamilton  county,  was 
born  near  Lewistown,  Delaware,  Ajiril  21st, 
1805.  He  was  the  fourth  child  in  a family  of 
seven  children,  whose  parents  were  Jacob  Dale 
and  Charlotte  (Truitt)  Dale.  His  father,  who 
followed  through  life  mercantile,  mechanical  and  agricul- 
tural pursuits,  died  in  Worcester  county,  Maryland,  January 
20th,  1816,  where  he  had  settled  at  an  early  day.  His 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


ii6 


mother’s  decease  occurred  also  in  Maryland,  January  25th, 
1823.  His  boyhood  was  passed  alternately  in  labor  ami  in 
study,  the  former  occupying,  however,  the  greater  portion 
of  the  time.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  placed  to 
learn  the  trade  of  plastering,  in  Worcester  county,  Maryland, 
where,  and  also  in  adjoining  counties  and  in  Virginia,  he 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1829.  He  subsequently  moved  to 
Ohio,  and  settled  in  Cincinnati,  having  journeyed  over  the 
mountains  on  foot,  his  wife  in  a six-horse  wagon.  At 
M'heeling  they  took  deck  passage  on  a boat  running  down 
the  Ohio  river.  On  his  arrival  he  found  himself  the  pos- 
sessor of  $igo.  He  then  went  at  once  to  work  at  his  trade, 
at  $1.25  per  day,  as  journeyman.  In  the  ensuing  year  he 
established  himself  in  business  on  his  own  account,  carrying 
it  on  for  three  years  in  connection  with  Julius  V.  Thomason. 
At  the  expiration  of  this  time  the  partnership  was  dissolved, 
and  he  sustained  the  business  alone  until  the  year  1852. 
His  eldest  son,  James,  then  became  his  partner  in  business. 
Their  last  important  job  was  the  plastering  of  the  fine,  large 
St.ate  House  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  was  a citizen  of  Cin- 
cinnati until  1857,  when  he  retired  from  his  regular  business 
and  his  home  in  the  city  and  settled  on  his  farm,  in  Mill 
Creek  township,  where  he  has  since  permanently  resided, 
principally  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  Com- 
missioner of  one  of  the  Special  Road  districts  of  IMill  Creek 
township,  and  for  five  years  was  a member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Cincinnati.  In  1S51  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
I.egislature,  and  served  for  two  years.  Since  the  expiration 
of  his  term  he  has  declined  a renomination  for  the  same 
office.  Politically,  he  is  attached  to  the  Democratic  party, 
and  cast  his  first  vote  in  favor  of  General  Jackson.  In  the 
educational,  political  and  religious  movements  he  has  al- 
ways manifested  a zealous  and  generous  interest,  and  has 
been  a valued  co-worker  in  many  enterprises  which  have 
had  for  ultimate  issue  the  welfare  of  the  community  in 
which  he  has  resided  and  the  more  speedy  development  of 
the  interests  of  his  State.  He  was  married,  PJecember  25th, 
1828,  to  Deborah  N.  Millburn,  a native  of  Accomac  county, 
Virginia.  They  were  iilessed  with  ten  children  ; three  of 
them  are  now  living,  and  reside  in  Cincinnati. 


(':-(^ONES,  GEORGE  W.,  is  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Davies  and  Elizabeth  Jones,,  and  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Cincinnati  on  the  26th  of  October,  1826. 
He  graduated  among  the  “honor-men”  in  his 
class  at  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler,  Ohio,  in 
1846,  having  while  a student  received  the  ben- 
efits of  the  tuition  of  such  esteemed  men  of  learning  as 
Bishop  McTlvaine,  President  Bronson,  Professor  Ross  and 
other  reputable  scholars  connected  with  that  institution,  at 
which  some  of  our  ablest  jurists  and  distinguished  doctors 
of  divinity  have  received  their  diplomas.  After  the  com- 
pletion of  his  collegiate  course  he  entered  the  dry-goods 


business,  in  August,  1S46,  and  in  the  following  year  became 
the  “buyer”  for  the  firm  of  J.  D.  & C.  Jones  & Co.,  of 
which  he  was  in  1848  made  a partner,  and  continued  as  a 
prominent  member  of  this  active  mercantile  firm  and  that 
of  Jones  Brothers  8;  Co.  until  the  dissolution  of  the  latter 
house,  in  July,  1865,  at  which  date  the  firm  of  George  W. 
Jones  & Co.  was  created,  of  which  he  was  the  principal, 
for  the  prosecution  of  the  same  business  so  well  established 
by  the  former  copartners.  In  July,  1869,  he  retired  from 
business  and  devoted  his  attention  to  the  management  and 
control  of  his  large  farm,  located  at  Jones’s  Station,  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  was  Chairman  of  the  Executive 
Committee  and  Treasurer  of  the  first  Exposition,  held  in 
Cincinnati  in  1869,  which  was  styled  the  “ Exposition  of 
Textile  Fabrics.”  The  success  then  achieved  in  this  com- 
paratively small  way — in  making  the  public  acquainted  with 
the  products  of  home  manufactories — laid  the  foundation 
for  more  enlarged  plans  for  effecting  far  more  satisfactory 
results,  and  now  our  industrial  expositions  have  become 
the  well-recognized  annual  occasions  for  the  exhibition  of 
articles  of  American  skill  and  workmanship,  as  well  as  for 
the  influx  of  a large  population  to  our  metropolis,  curious 
and  desirous  of  seeing  and  examining  the  products  wrought 
by  our  skilled  artisans,  or  beholding  the  progress  made  in 
matters  of  science.  The  whole  nation  have  been  made 
familiar  with  the  realizations  of  our  expositions,  and  it  is 
not  an  unreasonable  deduction  to  suggest  that  our  govern- 
ment obtained  from  Cincinnati  the  idea  w hich  w ill  develop 
into  the  far-famed  “ Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia 
in  1876.”  In  1S70  Mr.  Jones  was  elected  President  of  the 
Voting  Men’s  Mercantile  Library  Association  of  Cincin- 
nati, as  the  candidate  of  the  Independent  party,  and  in  this 
official  position  w'as  instrumental  in  making  the  change  in 
the  constitution  making  any  man  eligible  to  membership ; 
and  in  recognition  of  his  merits  as  a man  of  energy  and 
influence  he  w’as  elected  President  of  the  Miami  Valley 
Insurance  Company,  in  July,  1871,  under  whose  manage- 
ment this  corporation  has  become  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful companies  of  the  kind  in  Ohio,  if  not  in  the  country  : 
its  present  favorable  condition  being  in  no  small  degree 
attributable  to  the  labors  and  judgment  of  its  President. 
In  1872  he  was  Treasurer  of  the  Cincinnati  Board  of  Trade, 
and  was  delegated  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  to  act  as 
Commissioner  of  the  Cincinnati  Industrial  Exposition  for 
1873;  and  being  reappointed  he  was  subsequently  unani- 
mously chosen  as  President  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  the  Exposition  of  1874,  and  also  acted  as  a member 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Musical  Festival  Asso- 
ciation, held  in  Cincinnati  in  May,  1873  and  1875.  In 
1849  Jo'ie'^  married  Jane  O.  N.  Tibbatts,  daughter 

of  Hon.  John  Tibbatts,  ex-Member  of  Congress  from  Ken- 
tucky, and  granddaughter  of  General  James  Taylor  (now' 
deceased)  of  the  same  .State.  From  the  above  brief  outline 
of  the  positions  held  by  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  of 
his  active  jiarticipatioii  in  the  affairs  of  men,  we  discover 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXYCLOP.-EDIA. 


the  character  and  qualifications  which  have  commended 
him  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  the  community  in 
which  he  still  lives. 


R(D\VN,  BENJAMIN,  Revolutionary  Captain, 
was  horn  on  the  17th  of  October,  1745,  at  Lei- 
cester, Massachusetts.  He  was  of  English  de- 
scent, his  grandfather,  the  first  settler  in  the 
town  of  Hatfield,  on  the  Connecticut  river, 
having  come  to  this  country  from  England  when 
a youth.  It  was  a fighting  stock  from  the  earliest  days, 
and  this  founder  of  the  family  was  many  times  engaged  in 
the  Indi.an  wars  that  formed  so  large  a part  of  the  history 
of  the  country  in  those  days.  His  son.  Captain  John 
Brown,  the  father  of  Benjamin,  served  with  credit  in  the 
Colonial  army  during  the  Phench  war,  and  was  present  at 
the  taking  of  Louisburg  and  Cape  Breton.  He  rendered 
peaceful  service  also,  and  during  the  Revolutionary  war  and 
for  many  years  afterwards  he  represented  the  town  of  Lei- 
cester in  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts.  Until  he  was 
thirty  years  of  age  he  shared  the  usual  life  of  the  New 
England  citizen,  a life  full  of  toil  and  hardship,  but  full  also 
of  rugged  enjoyment  and  rigid  integrity.  In  February, 
■775)  "'hen  he  had  reacheil  his  thirtieth  year,  had  married 
and  had  a little  family  about  him,  he  enlisted  in  a regiment 
of  Mi.iute-men,  and,  without  fully  knowing  what  he  had 
done,  had  helped  form  the  basis  of  the  Revolutionary  army. 
In  the  May  following  he  received  the  commission  of  lieu- 
tenant and  Commissary,  and  in  the  next  month — the  historic 
month  of  June,  1775 — he  participated  in  the  battle  of  Bun- 
ker Hill.  In  the  year  1777  he  was  commissioned  a Captain 
in  Colonel  Michael  Jackson’s  regiment,  Massachusetts  line, 
of  which  Dr.  John  Brooks,  afterwards  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  William  Hull,  after- 
wards of  bad  fame,  was  Major,  and  took  part  in  nearly  all 
of  the  battles  preceding  the  surrender  of  General  Burgoyne. 
In  some  of  these  engagements  he  specially  distinguished 
himself  by  his  gallantry  and  daring.  So  highly  were  these 
qualities  in  him  appreciated  that  he  wxs  tendered  the  po- 
sition of  Aide-de-Camp  on  the  staff  of  Baron  De  Kalb,  who 
soon  after  fell  at  Camden.  His  self-confidence,  however, 
was  not  equal  to  his  gallantry.  He  distrusted  his  educa- 
tional ([ualifications  and  knowledge  of  the  details  of  military 
science,  and  therefore  declined  the  offered  honor.  Two 
years  after  receiving  his  commission  as  Captain,  in  1779,  he 
resigned  his  commission,  left  the  army  and  returned  home, 
impelled  to  this  step  by  rea.sons  of  a personal  character. 
Patriotism  made  him  reluctant  to  yield  his  share  in  the 
great  struggle,  and  a just  appreciation  of  his  high  qualities 
m.ade  his  superior  officers  reluctant  to  lose  his  services ; but 
his  necessities  could  not  be  disregarded,  and  he  went  home 
to  provide  for  the  support  of  his  family.  Although  no 
longer  a fighter  in  the  field  for  the  national  cause,  he  by  no 
means  ceased  to  work  in  its  behalf,  and  at  home  rendered 


117 


service  only  less  valuable  than  the  excellent  service  he  had 
rendered  in  the  camp  and  on  the  battle  field.  About  the 
year  1789  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Hartford,  Wasli- 
ington  county.  New  York.  He  remained  there  only  a few 
years,  however,  and  in  the  fall  of  1796  he  again  emigrated, 
seeking  a home  this  time  in  the  Northwest  Territory.  He 
reached  Marietta  in  the  spring  of  1797,  and  settled  there 
temporarily.  In  1799  he  removed  to  Ames  township,  in 
company  with  Judge  Cutler,  and  continued  to  reside  there 
until  the  year  1817,  when,  his  health  having  failed,  he  went 
to  Athens  to  reside  with  his  son.  General  John  Brown. 
Here  he  continued  to  reside  until  October,  1821,  when  he 
died,  full  of  years  and  of  honors.  During  his  residence  in 
Ames  he  was  one  of  its  prominent  citizens,  holding  various 
offices  and  contributing  largely  to  the  advancement  of  the 
settlement.  His  wife,  whom  he  had  married  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  who  had  shared  with  him  the  struggles  of  his 
early  years  and  the  successes  of  his  later  life,  survived  him, 
and  died  at  Athens  in  the  year  1S40,  at  the  ripe  age  of 
eighty-six  years. 


ONES,  JOHN  D.,  was  born  near  Morgantown,  in 
Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  9th  of  De- 
cember, 1797,  and  was  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Jones,  being  paternally  of  Welsh  an- 
cestry, as  his  name  would  indicate,  with  a mixtuie 
of  .Scotch-Irish  blood,  derived  by  maternal  de- 
scent. His  great-grandfather,  David  Jones,  came  to  this 
country  from  Wales  in  about  1720,  and  settled  in  Berks 
county,  whither  a large  number  of  his  native  people  emi- 
grated, becoming  inhabitants  for  the  most  part  of  what  is 
now  the  beautiful  Conestoga  valley,  and  built  the  pretty 
little  villages  of  Morgantown  and  Churchtown,  in  the 
vicinity  of  that  imposing  range  of  hills  known  as  the  Welsh 
mountains.  Being  Episcopalians  by  faith  and  education — 
coming  to  this  country  as  zealous  members  of  the  “ Church 
of  England  ” — they  gave  the  religious  character  to  the  lo- 
cality, which  even  to  this  day  has  not  been  removed  or 
impaired.  His  father  was  a native  and  resident  of  the 
Keystone  State,  and  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-two  years,  on 
the  14th  of  January,  1816,  at  Reading  P'orge,  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania,  being  at  that  time  a farmer  and  a 
recently  elected  member  of  the  House  of  the  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania,  but  died  before  taking  his  seat  in  that  legis- 
lative body.  His  wife  having  departed  this  life  previously, 
on  the  13th  of  January,  1814,  ten  orphan  children  were  left 
to  mourn  the  loss  of  parents  held  in  high  esteem  in  the 
community  of  which  they  had  been  members.  The  subject 
of  these  remarks  was  one  of  the  eldest  of  this  family,  and 
while  quite  young,  prompted  by  ambition  as  well  as  neces- 
sity, with  self-reliance  and  a determination  to  engage  in  the 
battle  of  life  on  his  own  account,  he  left  the  scenes  of  his 
boyhood  and  went  to  Philadelphia  to  learn  the  mercantile 
business,  and  was  employed  by  his  maternal  uncles,  Thomas 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


ii8 

and  John  K.  Graham,  East  India  merchants.  In  September, 
1819,  with  his  older  brother,  George  \V.  Jones,  he  came  to 
Cincinnati,  crossing  the  Allegheny  mountains  in  the  well- 
known  Conestoga  wagons,  of  whose  size  and  usefulness 
perhaps  only  the  oldest  inhabitants  have  a just  appreciation, 
and  came  down  the  Ohio  river  in  a flat-boat,  bringing  a 
stock  of  dry  goods  and  other  necessary  parts  of  an  outfit  to 
establish  a western  store.  Thus  these  young  merchants 
made  their  first  essay  in  a field  of  labor  at  that  time  of  cir- 
cumscribed dimensions,  but  which  now,  by  the  e.xpansion 
of  trade,  the  increased  facilities  of  transacting  business  with 
those  at  a distance  and  the  improved  condition  of  afiairs  in 
the  country  generally,  has  been  enlarged  commensurate 
with  the  skill,  science  and  capacity  of  those  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  On  the  1st  of  December,  1820,  at  the 
early  age  of  twenty-four  years,  his  brother  and  partner  died, 
leaving  the  care  and  responsibility  of  a new  business,  in  an 
undeveloped  and  almost  unsettled  country,  upon  one  as  yet 
untried  and  ine.xperienced.  Notwithstanding  this  disap- 
pointment and  bereavement,  happening  when  his  plans  of 
promise  and  life  had  scarcely  been  formed,  he  with  his 
uncle,  Thomas  Graham,  continued  his  business  under  the 
firm-name  of  John  D.  Jones  & Co.  till  its  dissolution,  in 
1827,  at  rvhich  date  his  brother  Caleb  Jones  became  his 
partner,  and  the  business  was  conducted  under  the  firm- 
name  of  J.  L).  & C.  Jones,  which  was  pursued  with  a steady 
and  constant  development  and  attended  with  uniform  pros- 
perity. On  the  22d  of  September,  1823,  at  Piqua,  Miami 
county,  Ohio,  the  subject  of  this  biographical  sketch  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Johnston,  daughter  of  the  late  Colonel 
John  Johnston,  .She  was  born,  September  22d,  1807,  at 
the  military  post  from  which  the  city  of  P'ort  Wayne, 
Indiana,  derived  its  name,  while  her  father,  familiarly 
known  as  one  of  our  western  pioneers,  was  United  States 
P'actor  and  Indian  Agent.  But,  to  return  from  this  diver- 
sion to  our  historical  connections,  the  firm  of  J.  D.  & C. 
Jones  was  engaged  in  business  for  the  period  of  twenty-one 
years,  and  succeeded  by  the  firms  of  J.  D.  & C.  Jones  & 
Co.  and  Jones  Brothers  & Co.  successively,  of  which  John 
I).  Jones  was  the  senior  partner:  these  mercantile  establish- 
ments being  heirs,  so  to  .speak,  of  the  parent  house,  created 
years  before,  and  but  the  substantial  changes  in  name  inci- 
dent to  the  demands  of  an  increasing  and  successful  busi- 
ness of  a mercantile  firm  well  and  favor.ably  known  through- 
out the  East  and  West.  Mr.  Jones  retired  from  all  active 
p.irlicipation  in  business  in  July,  1865,  having  been  engaged 
in  the  dry-goods  trade  uninterruptedly  for  almost' fifty  years, 
during  which  time,  in  addition  to  the  close  attention  de- 
manded in  looking  after  his  own  interests,  he  was  not  un- 
mindful of  his  obligations  and  duties  to  others;  and  there 
are  not  a few  men  now  numbered  among  the  prosperous 
and  prominent  merchants  of  Cincinnati  and  the  West  who 
have  received  encouragement  or  substantial  assistance  as 
well  as  good  counsel  from  him,  which  have  keen  of  benefit 
to  them  in  their  mercantile  career.  As  a merchant  Mr. 


Jones  has  ever  pursued  a methodical  and  systematic  course, 
managing  his  business  with  close  attention  and  upon  strict 
principles  of  integrity;  and  as  a citizen  has  been  associated 
in  spirit  and  action  with  the  party  of  progress,  being  identi- 
fied with  many  enterprises  and  public  movements  which 
have  facilitated  the  development  of  the  commercial,  bank- 
ing and  railroad  interests  of  his  city  of  adoption.  In  1834 
he  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Lafayette 
Bank,  and  with  Josiah  Lawrence,  Judge  David  K.  Este, 
lion.  S.dmon  P.  Chase  and  others,  continued  in  the  man- 
agement of  that  corporation  for  many  years.  He  w'as  also 
a member  of  the  original  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  & Dayton  Railroad,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  construction  of  that  important  public  benefit ; and 
also  for  many  years  Was  associated  wdth  Henry  Probasco, 
Robert  Buchanan  and  William  Crossman  in  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Cincinnati  Orphan  Asylum,  an  institution  in 
which  he  has  always  been  most  earnestly  interested,  and 
with  which  his  wife  still  continues  to  be  identified  as  one 
of  its  managers.  Of  his  once  large  family  but  four  sons  now 
are  living;  and  of  those  deceased  Colonel  William  G. 
Jones,  36th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  a graduate  of  the 
United  States  Military  Academy,  fell  mortally  wounded  in 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  on  September  19th,  1863;  and 
Charles  D.  Jones,  Lieutenant  United  States  navy,  a gradu- 
ate of  the  United  States  Naval  Academy,  died,  December, 
1865,  w Idle  in  the  service,  having  served  during  the  rebel- 
lion on  the  frigate  “Hartford,”  wdiile  floating  the  pennant 
of  our  gallant  k'niragut.  Mr.  Jones  is  still  alive  and  living 
in  quietness,  relieved  from  his  accustomed  business  respon- 
sibilities, in  the  beautiful  village  of  Glendale,  one  of  the 
suburban  settlements  of  Cincinnati. 


tIBSON,  CALVIN  C.,  Mayor  of  Zanesville,  was 
born  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,  May  6th,  1830. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  the  same  State.  His 
early  education  was  often  interrupted,  and  limited 
in  its  scope  to  such  rudiments  as  w'ere  usually 
taught  in  the  early  country  schools.’  His  labor 
was  required  during  the  greater  portion  of  the  year  on  his 
father’s  farm.  When  sixteen  he  left  school  entirely  and 
entered  upon  farming  as  his  future  occupation,  working  in 
the  fields  in  the  daytime  and  in  his  father’s  blacksmith  shop 
at  night.  This  double  labor  in  a dual  capacity  he  carried 
on  until  he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  then  entered 
upon  a clerkship  in  a country  store  at  Putnam,  now  the 
Ninth  Ward  of  Zanesville,  at  a salary  of  $250  a year  and 
board.  By  strict  economy  he  managed  to  lay  by  annually 
from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  as  capi- 
tal for  future  business  enterprises,  w Inch  were  eventually 
happily  realized.  After  remaining  in  this  store  for  some 
years  Mr.  Gibson  went  to  Cincinnati  and  there  took  charge 
of  a large  stove  warehouse,  which  he  retained  for  a tw'elve- 


BIOGRAl’IIICAL  ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 


month,  and  then  returned  to  Zanesville.  In  1S63  he  was 
appointed  Deputy  Sheriff'  under  Sheriff  Wolf,  and  upon  the 
expiration  of  his  term  in  this  office  he  was  selected  as  clerk 
of  the  Zane  House,  and  after  serving  a year  in  this  capacity 
remained  in  charge  of  the  house  for  the  same  length  of 
time.  Upon  leaving  this  position  he  opened  a general 
merchamlise  store  upon  his  own  account,  which  he  con- 
tinued with  prosperity  until  April  1st,  1875,  " hen  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  Mayor  of  Zanesville.  Mr.  Gibson 
had  all  the  qualities  necessary  for  a successful  mercantile 
career.  He  was  enterprising  and  honorable  in  all  his 
transactions,  and  gained  the  confidence  of  his  fellow- 
citizens.  He  has  taken  every  proper  measure,  since  his 
elevation  to  the  mayoralty,  to  increase  the  material  welfare 
of  the  city  of  which  he  is  chief  magistrate,  and  has  proposed 
and  carried  into  effect  many  improvements.  His  entire 
career  is  an  illustration  of  what  a poor  boy,  with  ambition 
and  integrity  of  character,  may  accomplish  by  energy.  In 
October,  1862,  he  was  married  to  Alice  Green. 


;USTOX,  ARCHIBALD  M.,  Banker,  was  born  in 
Perry  county,  Ohio,  at  Rehoboth,  on  April  lotb, 
1824.  His  parents  were  both  natives  of  Ireland, 
who  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1814  and 
^ ^ settled  permanently  in  that  State.  He  attended 
the  Rehoboth  common  schools  during  the  winter 
seasons  and  assisted  his  father  in  the  labor  of  cultivating  a 
farm  during  the  remaining  portions  of  the  year.  His  father 
was  a man  of  moderate  circumstances,  an  industrious  and 
persevering  agriculturalist,  who  had  earned  the  esteem  of  his 
neighbors  by  the  integrity  of  his  character.  M’hen  twenty 
Archibald  taught  school  for  a short  time,  and  then  for 
about  four  months  filled  a clerkship  in  a country  store.  In 
November,  1844,  associated  with  J.  C.  Whittaker,  he 
opened  a general  merchandise  store  at  New  I.exington, 
which  was  prosperously  conducted  for  eight  years.  Mr. 
Huston  then  gave  up  a mercantile  career  and  purchased  a 
farm  in  the  vicinity,  and  for  seven  years  engaged  success- 
fully in  raising,  buying  and  selling  stock,  his  transactions 
being  on  a very  extensive  scale.  In  1859  he  .sold  his  farm 
and  returned  to  mercantile  life,  and  was  exceedingly  fortu- 
nate in  all  his  ventures,  his  management  being  characterized 
by  enterprise  and  prudence.  He  was  elected  in  the  fall  of 
i860  .Auditor  of  Peri'y  County,  and  most  acceptably  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  this  office  during  his  term,  which 
expired  in  1863.  Purchasing  then  a fine  farm  near  Zanes- 
ville he  recommenced  stock-raising,  in  connection  with 
farming.  From  1867  to  1869  he  served  as  Assistant 
Treasurer  of  Muskingum  County,  and  supervised  the  col- 
lection of  taxes.  For  five  years  he  acted  as  superintendent 
of  extensive  coal  mines  at  Lick  Run,  near  Zanesville.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  .Second  National  Bank  of 
Zanesville,  and  during  the  greater  part  of  its  existence,  a 


119 


period  of  over  eight  years,  one  of  its  directors.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1872,  this  institution  settled  its  affairs  and  was  closed, 
and  Mr.  Huston,  in  company  with  other  gentlemen,  estab- 
lished a private  banking  house,  under  the  name  of  The 
Union  Bank,  with  a capital  of  $100,000,  whose  business 
and  management  were  controlled  by  a Board  of  Directors, 
of  whom  Mr.  Huston  was  President.  He  has  occupied 
this  responsible  station,  witbout  interruption,  until  the  pres- 
ent time,  and  the  bank,  now  second  in  size  in  Zanesville, 
has  a continually  and  a rapidly  increasing  business,  the 
evidence  of  the  growing  confidence  in  its  solidity  and  the 
wisdom  of  its  management.  Mr.  Huston  was  married, 
June  13th,  1S48,  to  Rachel  A.  Ream,  a resident  of 
Somerset,  Ohio,  who  died,  June  25th,  1850,  leaving  one 
daughter,  who  subsequently  became  the  wife  of  J.  B.  Ham- 
ilton, of  Newark,  Ohio.  On  October  17th,  1854,  he  was 
married  to  Maggie  E.  Stump,  of  Muskingum  county,  who 
died  June  12th,  1863.  On  P'ebruary  7th,  1865,  he  was 
married  to  Amanda  Holmes,  of  P'airfield  county,  Ohio,  who 
has  had  four  children  to  him.  Mr.  Huston’s  varied  ex- 
perience has  eminently  qualified  him  for  the  position  he  at 
present  holds  in  the  business  community.  He  is  a man  of 
liberal  ideas,  enterprising  yet  prudent  as  an  executive,  and 
possessed  of  a thorough  apprehension  of  all  the  essential 
details  in  the  successful  management  of  the  financial  aff.iirs 
of  an  important  monetary  institution.  He  is  quite  largely 
i interested  in  coal  lands  in  Jackson  and  Perry  counties,  and 
in  enterprises  for  the  development  of  the  mineral  resources 
I of  the  State.  During  the  late  war  he  rendered  material 
assistance  in  the  work  of  organizing,  equipping  and  sending 
j troops  to  the  field.  His  ability  as  a business  man  and  the 
integrity  of  his  character  has  given  him  a high  place  in  the 
respect  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  his  labors  have  rewarded 
him  with  a handsome  fortune. 


^I^OUTHARD,  MILTON  L,  Lawyer  and  Member 
of  Congress,  was  born  on  the  20th  of  October, 
1836,  at  Perryton,  Licking  county,  Ohio.  He 
comes  of  ancestry  identified  with  the  early  history 
of  the  country.  His  grandfather  was  born  near 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  was  related  to  Sen- 
ator Samuel  L.  Southard  of  that  State.  He  removed  from 
New  Jersey  to  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
was  born  the  father  of  Milton,  and  eventually  removed 
again  with  his  family  to  Ohio,  settling  in  Licking  county  in 
1805.  f)n  the  mother’s  side  Milton  1.  Southard  is  descended 
from  the  Parnells  of  Baltimore.  He  obtained  the  elements 
of  his  education  at  the  common  schools  of  Licking  county, 
and  when  he  had  reached  a proper  age  he  entered  the  more 
advanced  institutions  of  learning,  and  finally  passed  through 
the  course  of  study  at  Dennison  University,  at  Granville, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  from  this  institution  in  the  year  1861. 
Immediately  after  leaving  college  he  commenced  the  study 


120 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILLDIA. 


of  law,  wliicli  profession  he  had  decided  to  adopt.  He  con- 
cluded his  reading  in  the  office  of  Follett  & Follett,at  New- 
ark, Ohio.  In  the  year  1863  he  finished  his  course  of  legal 
study  with  the  firm  mentioned  and  was  admitted  a member 
of  the  bar.  He  at  once  prepared  to  enter  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  and  formed  a professional  partnership  with 
Mr.  Wm.  H.  Ingraham.  The  new  firm  established  them- 
selves in  practice  in  Toledo,  under  the  firm-name  of  South- 
ard & Ingraham.  They  continued  to  practise  there  together 
until  1866,  when  the  leading  member  of  the  firm  removed  to 
Zanesville,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  Shortly  after 
locating  in  Zanesville  he  formed  a law  partnership  with  his 
brother,  F'rank  II.  .Southard,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Southard  & Southard.  The  firm  still  continues,  and  he 
has  practised  without  interruption,  except  so  far  as  inter- 
ruption came  in  the  shape  of  the  duties  of  public  office. 
He  has  been  active  in  political  affairs,  and  has  always  been 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party.  In  the  year  1867  he 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Muskingum  County. 
In  1869  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position,  and  was  re- 
elected a second  time  in  1871.  While  serving  his  third 
term  in  this  position  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  to 
represent  the  Thirteenth  District  of  Ohio  in  Congress.  He 
was  elected  at  the  October  election  of  1872,  and  in  March, 
1873,  he  resigned  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  to  lake 
his  seat  in  the  national  legislature.  He  served  with  ability 
and  distinction  in  the  Forty-third  Congress.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a member  of  the  Committee  on  Mines  and  Mining, 
and  also  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  of  the  Treasury 
Department.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  House  debates 
on  the  currency  question,  and  in  a speech  made  on  that 
issue  he  reviewed  the  President’s  veto  of  the  Senate  Cur- 
rency bill.  He  was  also  active  in  opposition  to  the  Civil 
Rights  bill,  and  to  the  measure  that  was  popularly  known 
as  the  Force  bill.  The  course  taken  by  him  during  his 
Congressional  term  was  so  satisfactory  to  his  constituents 
that  he  was  renominated  for  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  and 
at  the  election  of  1S74  he  was  triumphantly  re-elected.  In 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress  he  has  been  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Territories,  and  also  a member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revision  of  Laws  of  the  United  States.  A 
man  of  integrity  as  well  as  of  ability,  of  strong  will  and  of 
honorable  purposes,  he  is  fitted  not  only  to  adorn  but  to 
honor  public  life,  and  in  these  days  such  men  are  worth 
seeking  far  to  find. 


ILES,  ROBERT  EDGAR  JACKSON,  Teacher, 
Comedian  and  Manager,  was  born  at  Culpeper 
Court  House,  Virginia,  September  9th,  1834. 
His  father,  Robert  Edgar  Miles,  whom  he  lost 
when  but  four  years  of  age,  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Virginia.  After  the  death 
of  his  father,  his  mother,  still  young  and  a woman  of  high 
mental  and  moral  culture,  removed  to  Charleston,  South 


Carolina,  where  her  brother,  J.  W.  Aldmann,  resided,  and 
where  she  proposed  to  secure  for  her  son  a thorough 
literary  and  medical  education.  After  a residence  of  five 
years  in  that  southern  capital,  however,  she  removed  to 
Covington,  Kentucky.  Here  he  made  uncommon  progress 
in  the  neighboring  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  be- 
came principal  of  the  first  free  school  established  in  Cov- 
ington. This  position  he  held  for  three  years,  and  during 
that  time,  having  contracted  a liking  for  stage  life,  oi'gan- 
ized  a dramatic  club,  composed  of  many  of  the  most 
respectable  young  people  of  the  town.  In  an  entertainment 
given  by  his  club,  in  1854,  he  made  his  first  appearance  as 
Alonzo  in  “ Rollo,  or  the  Death  of  I’izarro.”  In  1855  he 
organized  a troupe  for  the  rendition  of  “ Uncle  Tom’s 
Cabin,”  then  very  popular  throughout  the  North,  and  with 
it  visited  the  principal  towns  of  the  West.  After  meeting 
with  great  success  he  returned  from  his  tour  in  1857,  and, 
abandoning  entir-ely  his  earlier  views  and  intentions, 
adopted  the  stage  as  a profession.  Subsequently,  until 
after  the  outbreak  of  the  Southeim  rebellion,  he  played 
juvenile  and  leading  chai'acters  in  many  of  the  large  cities 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Canadas.  He  then  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  introducing  “ hoi'se  pieces  ” in  a novel 
and  exciting  manner,  and  in  1862,  accordingly,  opened  an 
engagement  in  Boston  with  the  celebrated  horse  “ Minne- 
haha.” In  this  line  of  business  he  afterward  played  “star 
engagements”  in  all  the  chief  cities  of  the  country.  In 
Albany,  New  York,  he  first  brought  out  the  Menken  as 
“ Mazeppa,”  and  was  successful  in  his  management.  The 
oil  fever  then  attacking  the  entire  community  he  also  em- 
barked in  the  promising  venture,  and  after  spending  over  a 
year  as  Superintendent  of  the  Ohio  River  Oil  Works,  in 
Vanceburg,  Kentucky,  concluded  to  return  to  his  former 
profession  in  order  to  retrieve  his  wasted  fortunes.  In 
October,  1868,  he  purchased  the  lease  of  the  National 
Theatre,  in  Cincinnati,  paying  therefor  an  enormous  sum — 
a greater  amount  probably  than  was  ever  before  paid  in  a 
similar  way.  In  the  following  year  he  leased  Wood’s 
Theatre,  in  the  same  city,  but  eventually  sold  his  lease  to 
the  present  lessee.  His  management  of  the  National 
Theatre  was  sustained  until  1870,  when  he  decided  to 
engage  in  the  circus  business.  In  1873  he  opened  Robin- 
son’s New  Opera  House,  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  ensuing 
year  opened  the  New  Grand  Opera  House,  in  the  same 
city,  of  which  he  is  now  lessee  and  manager.  In  1874-75 
he  organized  the  National  Hippodrome,  Menagerie  and 
Congres.s  of  Nations,  known  as  “America’s  Racing  Associ- 
ation.” This,  one  of  the  largest  shows  ever  organized  in  the 
world,  was  closed  in  June  of  the  latter  year,  with  great  loss 
to  the  management.  On  the  whole,  his  checkered  theatrical 
career  has  been  a very  successful  one;  while,  through  his 
various  enterprises,  he  has  repeatedly  won  and  lost  and 
recovered  princely  fortunes.  At  the  present  time  his  labors 
are  entirely  behind  the  scenes,  where,  and  also  in  the  outer 
world,  he  is  recognized  as  a fearless,  popular  and  successful 


LIOGRAI’IIICAL  EAXVCLOIAEDIA. 


21 


manager.  He  was  married,  in  i860,  to  Emily  L.  Dow, 
ex-member  of  the  “ Cooper  Opera  Troupe,”  one  of  the  first 
English  opera  troupes  that  came  to  this  country. 


NDRE,  HENRY  GEORGE,  Pianist,  was  born  in 
Nancy,  France,  in  the  year  1838.  Almost  from 
the  first  he  was  destined  for  a musical  career,  and 
his  achievements  in  later  life  have  abundantly 
justified  the  plans  formed  for  him  in  his  unde- 
veloped childhood.  He  springs  from  a musical 
family,  and  at  a very  tender  age  he  began  taking  lessons  on 
the  piano,  his  father,  a fine  musical  scholar  and  a skilled 
player,  being  his  first  instructor.  Happily  his  home  instruc- 
tion was  of  the  best,  and  he  was  trained  in  accordance  with 
the  highest  and  purest  standards  of  taste.  The  result  of 
this  early  discipline  has  been  constantly  apparent  in  the 
progress  of  his  professional  life.  When  he  was  fourteen 
years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  Paris  to  complete  his  musical 
education.  He  remained  in  that  great  art  centre  fora  period 
of  seven  years,  under  the  instruction  of  the  best  and  most 
distinguished  pianists.  At  the  end  of  this  long  course  of 
study,  training  and  artistic  discipline,  he  left  Paris  and  re- 
■turned  to  his  native  town,  where  he  at  once  commenced  to 
give  instructions  in  music.  He  continued  thus  occupied 
until  the  year  1S60,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States. 
His  original  plan  contemplated  only  a business  visit  to 
America,  and  that  accomplished  he  proposed  to  return  to 
France  and  resume  his  labors  as  a music  teacher.  Put  he 
made  friends  in  Cincinnati,  to  which  city  his  business  took 
him.  Finding  a congenial  home  there,  at  length  he  defin- 
itely determined  not  to  return  to  P'rance,  but  to  locate  per- 
manently in  Cincinnati ; and  soon  after  arriving  at  this  con- 
clusion he  began  his  musical  career  in  America,  a career 
that  has  been  l.onorable  alike  to  himself  and  to  the  city  of 
his  adoption.  His  first  attempts  in  Cincinnati  were  devoted 
to  the  holding  of  musical  soirees  or  small  concerts,  held  for 
the  purpose  of  introducing  the  compositions  of  the  best 
masters — the  classical  sonatas,  duos,  trios  and  quartos,  and 
the  beautiful  solos  for  which  he  has  become  so  famed. 
These  soirees  were  the  “ Kammer  concerts  ” of  Germany, 
at  which  only  invited  guests  appeared.  In  the  meantime  he 
also  began  to  give  instruction  to  private  pupils.  His  con- 
certs found  great  favor  with  the  music-loving  community, 
and  the  annual  series  came  to  be  looked  for  with  the  utmost 
interest;  and  partly  through  their  agency  his  private  patron- 
age became  large  and  infiuential.  Among  the  pupils  who 
gained  their  knowledge  under  his  instructions  were  many 
who  are  now  themselves  popular  performers  and  successful 
instructors  in  Cincinnati,  and  some  who  are  now  among 
the  most  honored  and  the  most  successful  artistes  in  the 
country.  ith  the  entire  history  and  development  of 
musical  taste  and  accomjrlishmcnt  in  Cincinnati  he  is 
identified,  and  very  many  of  the  earlier  as  well  as  of  the 
16 


later  steps  in  the  musical  progress  of  the  cit)  have  been 
taken  under  his  influence.  He  has  been  concerned  in  the 
organization  of  a number  of  the  concerts  for  which  the  city 
has  a reputation ; he  has  played  in  the  churches,  and  his 
“ Kammer  concerts,”  while  they  are  still  among  the  most 
interesting  of  his  professional  efforts,  are  also  among  the 
most  delightful  of  the  musical  experiences  enjoyed  by  the 
people  of  Cincinnati.  Of  course,  in  his  devotion  to  music 
he  is  an  enthusiast.  All  his  energy  has  been  directed  to  the 
establishment  of  a high  art  reputation,  and  the  elevation  of 
the  standard  of  musical  taste  in  the  city  of  his  adoption. 
He  is  not  only  a player  of  the  music  that  other  men  have 
composed,  but  he  has  composed  many  pieces  for  the  piano, 
and  some  of  them  have  attained  a deserved  popularity. 
Since  the  establishment  of  the  Cincinnati  Conservatory  of 
Music — an  institution  which  the  great  artist  Tsubenstein 
pronounced  one  of  the  best  of  the  kind  in  this  country — he 
has  been  director  of  its  piano  department ; and  here,  as  else- 
where, he  has  achieved  success.  He  plays  only  classical 
music,  and  scarcely  tolerates  any  other.  In  short,  standing 
among  the  first  musicians  of  the  West,  he  is  pre-eminently 
the  pianist  of  the  great  city  of  musical  festivals. 


ROWN,  ARCHIBALD  GREEN,  Lawyer,  is  a 
native  of  Ohio,  and  has  lived  in  that  State  since 
his  birth.  He  was  born,  on  the  l6th  of  April, 
1798,  near  Waterford,  Washington  county,  Ohio. 
When  he  was  a year  old  his  parents  removed  to 
Athens  county,  and  at  Athens  he  has  continued 
to  live  ever  since  that  time.  He  comes  of  New  England 
stock,  his  father.  Captain  Benjamin  Brown,  having  been 
born  in  Leicester,  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  on  the 
17th  of  October,  1745,  and  served  through  five  campaigns 
m the  Revolutionary  army.  He  removed  to  Ohio  in  the 
6arly  days,  and  died  in  Athens  in  the  year  1821.  The  son, 
Archibald,  attended  the  common  school  during  his  boyhood, 
but  his  early  educational  coiu'se  was  not  confined  to  his 
school  studies.  On  his  father’s  farm,  where  his  youth  was 
passed,  he  worked  hard  and  many  hours  each  day,  but  in 
spile  of  hard  work  the  studious  boy  found  leisure  for  reading 
and  study.  He  had  early  formed  the  purpose  of  acquiring 
a liberal  education,  and  this  purpose  was  his  constant  inspi- 
ration. He  had  in  view  all  the  time,  and,  in  the  resting 
spells  of  farm  work  and  in  the  days  of  attendance  at  the 
district  school,  he  worked  assiduously  for  the  fulfilment  of 
this  object.  All  this  hard  work  had  its  result,  and  by  the 
time  he  had  reached  the  proper  age  to  enter  college  he  was 
prepared  to  do  so  with  credit  and  honor.  He  became,  in 
due  time,  a student  in  the  Ohio  University  at  Athens,  and, 
after  prosecuting  the  regular  course  of  study  there,  graduated 
with  honors  in  the  year  1822.  Two  years  later,  after  teach- 
ing an  academy  in  Columbus  one  year,  in  1824,  he  was 
made  Preceptor  in  the  academical  department  of  the  univer- 


122 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 


sity,  a position  which  he  filled  for  one  year.  In  the  year 
1825  he  left  the  teacher’s  chair  in  the  university  to  under- 
take teaching  on  a larger  scale  from  the  editorial  tripod. 
In  that  year  he  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Athens 
Mirror,  the  first  paper  published  in  the  county.  For  the 
next  five  years  he  continued  his  connection  with  that  paper 
as  editor  and  publisher,  a good  indication  that  the  new  jour- 
nalistic venture  was  at  least  a fair  success.  In  the  year  1827 
the  young  editor  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Recorder  of 
the  county,  an  office  which  he  held  until  1833.  Three 
years  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  he  had  ceased 
from  his  journalistic  labors,  and  his  leisure  time  was  de- 
voted to  the  reading  of  law,  to  which  profession  he  had  de- 
cided to  devote  himself.  In  the  year  1836  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  position  of  County  Recorder,  and  held  the 
office  until  1841.  At  the  expiration  of  his  second  term  he 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  Athens.  In  the  same  year  he 
was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Ohio,  a position  he  has  continued  to  hold  to  the 
present  time.  In  1850  he  was  a delegate  to  the  convention 
which  framed  the  present  Constitution  of  Ohio,  and  for  a 
term  of  two  years,  from  1850  to  1852,  was  President-Judge 
of  the  Athens  District.  For  many  years  he  has  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Athens,  and  in  the  mean- 
time has  been  identified  with  many  of  the  interests  and  en- 
terprises in  his  section  of  the  State.  He  was  one  of  the 
stockholders  ifi  the  Marietta  & Cincinnati  Railroad  Com- 
pany until  the  failure  of  the  company;  he  held  stock  in  the 
first  telegraph  line  through  the  county  ; and  he  was  a stock- 
holder in  the  Athens  branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and 
afterwards  in  the  National  Bank  of  Athens.  Judge  Brown 
has  been  twice  married.  He  was  first  married  to  Priscilla 
K.  Crippen,  on  the  8th  of  January,  1824.  She  died  on  the 
3d  of  June,  1858,  and  he  married  again,  on  the  22d  of 
March,  1866,  Harriet  B.  Stewart. 


ARRETT,  HON.  ISAAC  M.,  Merchant  and 
Manufacturer,  Representative  in  the  Sixty-first 
General  Assembly  of  Ohio  from  Greene  county, 
was  born  in  Saratoga  county.  New  York,  May 
2d,  1827.  His  parents  were  George  Barrett  and 
Mahala  (Merritt)  Barrett.  His  education  was 
acquired  partly  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  but  he  did 
not  graduate  from  this  institution.  He  engaged  subsequently 
in  mercantile  business  at  Spring  Valley,  Greene  county,  Ohio, 
at  which  he  continued  for  a period  of  about  fifteen  years. 
Also  during  those  years  he  became  importantly  identified 
with  the  grain  trade  and  the  pork-packing  business,  and  his 
relations  with  these  businesses  are  still  of  an  extended  and 
highly  remunerative  nature.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  by 
Abraham  Lincoln  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Columbus  District,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1866. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  House  on  the  Republican 


ticket,  and  within  a brief  period  after  taking  his  seat  with 
this  body  assumed  a prominent  position  among  its  members. 
He  served  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Printing  and  on 
Reform  Schools,  and  in  various  ways  has  signalized  him- 
self by  his  energy,  fidelity  and  abilities.  In  addition  to  his 
other  occupations,  he  has  for  many  years  past  held  large 
interests  in  a woollen  factory,  in  a flouring  mill,  and  also  in 
various  agricultural  ventures.  He  is  a valued  member  also 
of  the  State  Republican  Central  Committee;  and  in  all 
matters  touching  the  welfare  of  his  State  and  party  is  a 
skilful  tactician  and  an  efficient  coworker.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  September,  1851,  to  Rebecca  Swayne,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Swayne,  who  died  in  January,  1854,  leaving  one 
son.  He  was  again  married,  in  March,  1856,  to  Mary 
Evans,  of  Spring  Valley,  by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children. 


ARRIS,  HON.  LEONARD  A.,  ex-Mayor  of  .Cin- 
cinnati, was  born,  October  nth,  1824,  in  Cincin- 
nati, and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  He  embraced  every  opportunity  opened 
to  him  for  the  improvement  of  his  mind,  and  be- 
came in  time  by  self  application  and  by  the  de- 
velopment of  a talent  naturally  bright  a man  of  culture,  the 
scope  of  whose  learning  comprehended  more  than  the  Eng- 
lish branches  of  instruction.  Upon  the  firing  by  the  rebels 
on  Sumter  he  raised  a company  of  volunteers,  of  which  he 
became  Captain,  and  tendered  his  services  to  the  govern- 
ment. These  were  readily  accepted,  and  the  organization 
was  attached  to  the  2d  Ohio  Infantry.  The  regiment  was 
early  sent  to  the  front,  and  participated  in  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run.  Captain  Harris  in  the  action  distinguished  him- 
self for  gallantry  and  coolness  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  and 
served  so  commendably  in  the  estimation  of  President  Lin- 
coln that  he  was  authorized  by  the  Chief  Executive  to  raise 
a regiment  in  Ohio.  He  set  about  this  task  with  so  much 
energy  that  within  one  month  the  new  command  with  full 
ranks  was  ready  for  the  field.  He  became  Colonel  of  the 
2d  Ohio  Infantry,  and  made  an  honorable  record  up  to  the 
time  of  his  disability.  This  regiment  was  withdrawn  from 
eastern  Kentucky  after  the  rebels  had  been  driven  out  of 
that  portion  of  the  State,  and  was  assigned  to  Rousseau’s 
division  of  the  army  under  General  Buell.  When  General 
Buell  was  massing  his  forces  to  prevent  the  capture  of  Louis- 
ville by  General  Bragg,  Colonel  Harris  with  the  33d  Ohio 
occupied  Fort  Fisher,  at  the  mouth  of  Battle  creek,  Ten- 
nessee, the  extreme  outpost  on  Buell’s  right  flank.  Fie  held 
this  position  until  nearly  surrounded  by  Bragg’s  forces. 
After  an  attack  which  lasted  all  day,  he  evacuated  the 
fort,  burned  all  the  stores  that  could  not  be  transported, 
and  united  with  the  army  at  Decherd,  Tennessee,  without 
the  loss  of  a man  taken  iirisoner.  General  Buell  was  well 
satisfied  with  the  conduct  of  Colonel  Harris  and  his  com- 
mand. Colonel  Harris  commanded  the  9th  Brigade  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCL0P.^:DIA. 


123 


action  at  Perryville,  October  8lh,  1S62.  This  brigade  was 
composed  of  the  2d,  the  33d  and  94tb  Ohio,  the  3Stl' 
Indiana,  lolh  Wisconsin  and  Captain  Simonson’s  5th  In- 
diana Battery.  That  this  was  a bloody  and  stubbornly- 
contested  fight  the  casualties  of  the  9th  Brigade  will  show  : 
commissioned  officers  killed,  four;  wounded,  ten;  non- 
commissioned officers  and  privates  killed,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-four;  wounded,  four  hundred  and  twelve;  missing, 
forty-one.  The  Colonel  was  complimented  by  General 
Rousseau  on  the  field  after  the  fight  for  his  skill  and  courage, 
and  recommended  in  his  official  report  for  promotion,  which 
would  have  been  done  had  not  his  health  compelled  his 
resignation.  L’pon  his  return  home,  the  latter  part  of  1862, 
he  was  placed  in  nomination  for  the  Mayoralty  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  in  April,  1863,  was  elected  to  that  imiiortant  office 
by  about  one  thousand  majority.  His  ability  as  an  executive 
officer  was  soon  apparent.  He  took  every  step  to  see  that 
the  laws  governing  the  municipality  were  enforced;  exerted 
every  measure  for  the  securing  in  a greater  degree  the  peace 
and  tranquillity  of  the  citizens  by  the  speedy  arrest  and  prose- 
cution of  criminals;  and  using  every  influence  which  he 
could  command  to  increase  the  m.aterial  as  well  as  moral 
welfare  of  the  community  which  had  honored  him  with  the 
highest  gift  within  its  prerogative.  As  Mayor  he  drafted 
the  law  for  the  enlistment  of  “ one  hundred  day  men,”  under 
which  Ohio  sent  over  thirty  thousand  volunteers  to  the  field. 
He  became  also  Colonel  of  the  7th  Regiment  Ohio  National 
Guards,  which  he  commanded  during  the  term  of  its  enlist- 
ment. He  was  during  this  jieriod,  in  addition.  Trustee  of 
the  Cincinnati  Hospital.  He  adopted  every  measure  of 
precaution  and  authority  to  secure  a fair  expression  of  the 
popular  will  at  the  polls,  and  this  effort  was  properly  recog- 
nized in  the  following  resolutions,  adopted  at  a meeting  of 
the  leading  citizens,  held  October  13th,  1803: 

Resolved,  That  the  perfect  preservation  of  the  peace  of  the 
city  by  its  civil  authorities,  through  the  most  exciting  political 
contest  ever  known  in  this  community,  is  largely  due  to  the 
impartiality  .and  ability  with  which  the  Mayor,  Colonel 
Leonard  A.  Harris,  has  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office. 

Resolved,  That  his  instructions  to  the  police  force,  relating 
to  their  deportment  in  ])olilical  affairs  during  the  canv.ass, 
insured  public  confidence  in  the  management  of  his  depart- 
ment on  the  day  of  the  recent  election  in  maintaining  order 
and  (juiet,  proved  his  capacity  and  integrity  as  a man  and 
official,  and  has  the  unreserved  approbation  of  his  fellow- 
citizens. 

Resolved,  That  a testimonial  of  our  appreciation  of  the 
credit  which  he  has  reflected  upon  the  good  name  of  the 
city  shall  be  presented  him. 

His  messages  to  the  City  Council  were  instruments  of 
good  sense,  presented  in  a clear,  business-like  manner.  He 
zealously  engaged  in  promoting  the  interest  of  municipal 
institutions,  and  earnestly  advocated  the  building  of  a work- 
house  and  hospital,  both  of  which  have  since  been  accom- 
plished. They  are  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the  city,  with 
largely  increa.sed  capacity  for  doing  good.  In  1865  he  was  | 


re-elected  to  the  Mayoralty  by  a largely  increased  majority, 
and  continued  while  in  office  to  deserve  the  high  esteem 
which  his  fellow-citizens  had  formed  of  his  character  and 
ability.  In  August,  1866,  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Johnson  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  First  Ohio 
District.  The  United  States  Senate  confirmed  the  appoint- 
ment, which  Colonel  Harris  accepted,  and  at  once  tendered 
his  resignation  of  the  office  of  Mayor.  In  1873 
pointed  by  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  Trustee  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati Hospital,  and  continues  to  serve  in  that  capacity. 
He  is  President  of  the  Cuvier  Club,  an  organization  having 
for  its  object  not  only  the  cultivation  of  sociability  amongst 
its  members  but  the  advancement  of  pisciculture,  ornith- 
ology and  the  natural  sciences  generally.  Colonel  Harris 
is  now  in  the  prime  of  life,  possessed  of  vigorous  physical  as 
well  as  quick  mental  faculties,  and  gives  promise  of  still 
greater  usefulness  to  the  community  which  has  already  so 
greatly  honored  him. 


OHNSTON,  COLONEL  JOHN,  was  born  near 
Ballyshannon,  Ireland,  on  the  25th  of  March, 
1775,  and  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents 
when  about  ten  years  of  age.  His  father,  Stephen 
Johnston,  with  his  brothers,  each  having  large 
families,  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  after 
the  close  of  the  American  revolution,  and  settled  in  Shear- 
man’s Valley,  in  the  then  county  of  Cumberland  (now  Perry 
county),  Pennsylvania.  His  paternal  ancestors  came  from 
■Scotland  into-Ireland  with  the  Protestant  King  William,  and 
being  officers  w'ere  rew'arded  with  estates  near  Enniskillen, 
in  the  county  of  Fermanagh;  and  his  maternal  ancestors, 
named  Barnard,  were  of  the  Huguenots,  who  fled  from 
France  for  conscience  sake  and  took  refuge  in  Ireland.  His 
early  years  rvere  spent  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  mer- 
cantile establishment  of  Judge  John  Creigh — that  place 
being  the  rendezvous  of  troops  enlisted  for  the  war  with  the 
Western  Indians.  In  his  seventeenth  year  he  accompanied 
Samuel  Creigh  to  the  West,  as  an  attache  of  the  Quarter- 
master's department  of  General  Wayne’s  army,  with  a stock 
of  goods  for  the  troops,  travelling  the  whole  distance  to 
Pittsburgh  on  foot,  in  company  with  wagons  loaded  with 
army  supplies  and  private  property.  Pittsburgh  at  that  time, 
1792,  was  a small  unimportant  place,  without  a single  brick 
building,  and  consisted  of  a string  of  log-houses  along  the 
bank  of  the  Monongahela  river.  In  January,  1793,  he  first 
came  to  Fort  Washington,  descending  the  Ohio  river  to 
Cincinnati  on  a common  Kentucky  flatboat  loaded  with 
merchandise,  manned  with  three  men,  himself  and  one 
female  passenger,  a P'rench  lady  from  Paris  in  quest  of  her 
husband,  whom  they  found  on  their  arrival  at  Gallipolis. 
He  spent  the  winter  1794-95  at  Bourbon  Court  House  (now 
Paris),  Kentucky,  having  an  uncle  at  th.at  time  a resident  of 
that  county.  While  there  he  formed  the  acf|uaintance  of 
Daniel  Boone,  who  was  at  that  time  eng.ige{l  in  tracing  u|) 


124 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


land-lines  and  titles,  and  many  years  afterwards,  upon  the 
invitation  of  the  Governor  of  Kentucky,  he  acted  as  pall- 
bearer at  the  reinterment  of  the  remains  of  Boone  and  his 
wife,  which  had  been  recently  removed  from  Missouri. 
Colonel  Johnston  also  while  at  Bourbon  Court  House  was 
made  a Mason  in  a lodge  working  under  authority  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Virginia — the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky 
being  not  yet  organized.  Soon  after  being  made  a Mason 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  and  was  for  some  years  in  the 
employ  of  the  government  in  the  war  office,  of  which  General 
Henry  Dearborn,  United  States  army,  was  chief.  He  fre- 
quently saw  the  father  of  his  country,  heard  him  deliver  his 
last  address  to  Congress  previous  to  his  retirement  from 
public  life  ; and  was  an  officer  of  the  military  escort  of  honor 
delegated  by  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  occasion 
of  Washington’s  retirement  from  the  Presidency;  and  also 
upon  the  occasion  of  the  inauguration  of  John  Adams ; and 
also  as  Secretary  of  a Masonic  lodge  in  Philadelphia  marched 
in  the  jnocession  and  participated  in  the  funeral  solemnities 
in  memory  of  Washington  in  the  winter  of  iSoo.  Not  long 
afterwards,  in  or  about  the  same  year,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  returned  to  the  West,  where  he  was  employed  under 
General  Harrison  in  the  superintendency  of  Indian  affairs, 
having  been  commissioned  by  President  Madison  as  Agent; 
and  in  this  capacity  was  charged  with  the  control  and  care 
of  10,000  Indians,  including  the  Miamies,  Delawares,  .Shaw- 
anese,  Wyandottes,  Pottawattamies,  Chippewas,Ottawas,  Sen- 
ecas, some  Kickapoos,  Saukees  and  Kaskaskias,  among 
whom  Bucking  Chilas,  Little  Turtle,  Black  Hoof  and  John 
were  the  influential  chiefs.  Previous  to  coming  West  in 
1800,  Colonel  Johnston  had  received  the  chapter  and  en- 
campment degrees  in  Masonry  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
and  during  life  continued  to  take  a prominent  part  as  a 
member  of  that  fraternal  order.  During  the  war  of  1812 
he  was  connected  with  the  army  under  General  William 
H.  H arrison,  and  afterwards  remained  on  the  frontier  as 
United  States  Factor  or  Indian  Agent  for  many  years,  and 
discharged  all  his  public  rluties  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
government  and  tribes  under  his  charge,  but  was  removed 
from  office  by  that  uncompromising  Democratic  hero,  An- 
drew Jackson,  upon  his  accession  to  the  Presidency  in  1829, 
simply  because  of  a difference  in  political  predilections. 
Phus  ended  the  tirit  period  in  his  official  authority  over  the 
denizens  of  the  forest ; but  afterwards  in  1841-42,  by  ap- 
pointment of  General  Harrison,  then  President,  he  was  in- 
trusted with  the  negotiations  for  a treaty  of  cession  and  emi- 
gration of  the  Wyandottes,  “the  last  of  the  native  tribes  of 
Ohio,”  for  their  removal  beyond  the  Missi.ssippi ; and  in  the 
consummation  of  this  important  and  responsible  matter, 
which  occurred  at  Upper  Sandusky,  in  this  State,  he  com- 
pleted the  entire  arrangements  so  faithfully  as  to  win  the 
commendation  of  not  only  our  government  but  red  men, 
who  were  about  to  leave  the  hunting-grounds  to  which  they 
had  become  ardently  attached.  Charles  Dickens,  the  cele- 
brated English  novelist,  being  present  on  this  occasion, 


makes  an  allusion  to  the  circumstances  witnessed  by  him  in 
his  “ Notes  on  America.”  Colonel  Johnston  was  a.  firm 
Whig,  of  the  Federal  cast  of  political  sentiments,  and  an  in- 
timate personal  friend  of  General  Harrison,  Lewis  Cass, 
Charles  Hammond,  Alfred  Kelly,  and  other  prominent  men 
identified  with  the  early  development  of  the  West.  In  1844 
he  was  a delegate  to  the  Whig  Convention  held  in  Balti- 
more, riding  all  the  way  from  his  home  at  Piqua  on  horse- 
back, and  made  speeches  in  the  interest  of  “ Harry  Clay” 
along  the  route.  His  ancestors  were  of  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  during  life  he  adhered  most  fervently  to  the 
religion  of  his  fathers.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  Ohio,  being  early  associated  with  the 
venerable  pioneer,  Bishop  Chase,  in  that  primitive  and  r-pos- 
tolic  work.  With  his  beloved  wife  he  established  and 
taught  the  first  Sabbath-school  in  Miami  county,  Ohio,  and 
in  all  things  endeavored  to  raise  up  their  large  family  of 
fifteen  children  in  the  faith  and  hopes  they  themselves 
cherished  so  dearly.  Appreciating  the  inestimable  benefits 
of  a thorough  education,  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
establishment  of  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler,  Ohio,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees,  and  also 
occupied  a similar  official  position  in  connection  with  Miami 
College,  at  Oxford,  Ohio.  He  was  President  of  the  His- 
torical and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio  ; a member  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  ; of  the  Antiquarian' 
Society  of  Massachusetts,  and  identified  with  similar  asso- 
ciations in  other  States;  and  was,  by  appointment  of  James 
Buchanan,  President,  one  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  West 
Point  in  1859.  Two  of  his  sons  were  distinguished  officers 
in  the  United  States  service — Cajitain  A.  R.  Johnston,  a 
graduate  of  the  Military  Academy,  being  killed  in  the  battle 
of  San  Pasquales  during  the  Mexican  war,  and  St.  Stephen 
Johnston,  having  died  soon  after  that  war,  and  having  served 
most  honorably  in  our  navy.  Colonel  Johnston  was  six  feet 
two  inches  in  height,  erect  in  form,  and  with  an  aspect  of 
venerable  dignity  that  commands  respect,  and  with  a kind- 
ness and  gentleness  of  manner  which  win  the  regard  of  all. 
He  died  in  Washington  City  on  the  1 8th  day  of  February, 
1861,  at  the  dawn  of  our  great  and  memorable  rebellion,  in 
the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  age,  possessing  his  physical  and 
mental  vigor  in  a remarkable  degree  to  almost  the  day  of- 
his  death. 


IRBV,  TIMOTHY.  There  is  so  little  to  be  said  in 
my  case  that  I have  a preference  to  say  it  myself, 
in  the  first  jicrson,  so  that  any  inaccuracies  may 
rest  only  upon  myself.  I was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut,  November  i6th,  1797,  and  left 
there  in  May,  1803,  with  my  father  and  family, 
and  lived  in  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  until  1815, 
except  a few  months  in  Springfield.  About  1812  I went 
into  the  Hunt  & Co.  factory,  below  Stockbridge,  with  many 
other  farmer  boys,  to  learn  to  make  wool  into  cloth,  at  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOIA-EDIA. 


125 


pay  of  six  dollars  a month  and  my  board.  We  had  deserters 
from  the  British  army  to  instruct  us  in  the  processes.  I recol- 
lect that  we  worked  up  one  cargo  of  Spanish  wool  captured 
ill  a British  ship.  My  zeal  for  my  trade  generally,  and  par- 
ticularly to  acquire  skill  in  coloring  and  finishing  broad- 
cloth, led  me  to  the  study  of  chemistry  to  a limited  extent. 
I recollect  copying  out  technical  terms  and  definitions  to 
have  before  me  to  commit  to  memory  when  running  a 
m.achine  in  the  factory.  Part  of  the  night  and  leisure  time 
I devoted  to  reading  books  from  a library  to  which  I had 
access.  Novels  I did  not  read,  because  there  were  none  to 
speak  of  at  that  day  within  my  control.  This  reading  to  me 
was  preferable  to  the  sports  of  the  boys.  It  was  very  agree- 
able, and  I have  always  had  a preference  to  keep  out  of 
crowds  and  entertainments.  In  a Springfield  factory  I was 
employed  at  eight  dollars  a month,  was  offered  more  to  con- 
tinue, but  believing  I could  do  better,  was  employed  in 
factories  near  Pittsfield,  and  earned  money  to  pay  the  ex- 
pense of  attending  the  Lenox  Academy  the  winter  of  1815. 
In  the  early  spring  of  1816  I put  what  I then  considered  my 
big  volume  of  chaptals,  chemistry  and  geology,  in  my 
knapsack,  and  went  direct  for  the  head  of  the  Ohio  river, 
and  down  it  to  Cincinnati,  making  some  money  by  aiding 
the  lumbermen,  but  finding  no  employment  at  my  trade, 
which  ought  to  have  been  in  a great  state  of  activity  if  Con- 
gress had  stood  by  the  factories.,  as  should  have  been  done 
at  the  close  of  the  British  war.  But  the  policy  of  a vast 
import  trade  has  prevailed  ever  since,  cutting  off  working 
people  from  the  manufacturing  employments  they  are  en- 
titled to  in  every  well-regulated  country.  I have  made  war, 
in  my  small  way,  on  that  policy,  as  I had  good  right  to  do, 
ever  since.  The  import  trade  is  an  incubus  upon  the  people 
that  cannot  be  shaken  off.  Hard  times  will  curtail  every- 
thing else  except  the  import  trade.  I dwell  a little  on  this 
matter  because  I have  so  long  been  a zealot  on  the  subject, 
and  regret  the  general  prejudices  of  the  people  and  parties 
against  a suitable  diversity  of  employments.  As  I said,  find- 
ing no  work  at  my  trade,  I went  back  into  the  country,  and 
taught  a school  at  Eaton,  Ohio,  for  three-quarters  of  a year. 
Thence  I went  back  to  Cincinnati,  and  became  a student  in 
the  Cincinnati  College,  under  the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Elijah 
Slack,  in  a class  of  three,  Vance,  Anthony  and  Kirby.  Dr. 
Slack  was  particularly  attentive  to  our  little  class,  and  we 
profited  by  his  earnest  and  learned  attention  to  us.  His  time 
was  principally  devoted  to  large  classes  of  students  in  the 
dead  languages.  From  the  Cincinnati  College  I went  into 
a crowded  private  school  until  I found  more  desiralde  em- 
])loyment.  In  the  fall  of  1818,  before  I ended  my  minority, 
I entered  the  service  of  General  William  Lytle  as  a land 
surveyor.  General  Lytle  was  one  of  the  best  of  men,  and 
w.vs  one  of  the  half  dozen  deputy  surveyors  for  the  military 
lands  in  Ohio  appointed  by  Colonel  Richard  C.  Anderson, 
principal  surveyor  and  recorder  of  entries  and  surveys  in 
that  district,  lying  between  the  three  rivers,  Ohio,  Scioto 
and  Little  Miami.  The  Gener.-'.l  had  done,  from  1790  down. 


a vast  deal  of  surveying,  locating  and  other  business  in  that 
district,  and  had  made  and  spent  a great  deal  of  money.  I 
aided  him  in  his  business,  as  well  as  I could,  for  several 
years,  but  he  had  many  older  and  more  experienced  em- 
ployes in  his  business  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky.  I studied 
law  in  the  office  of  Joseph  S.  Benham,  and  was  admitted  by 
the  Supreme  Court  at  the  May  term,  1827,  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  where  I was  then  trying  the  land  suit  of  Anthony  vs. 
Kirby,  in  which  I succeeded.  Henry  Avery,  of  Connecti- 
cut, was  a friend  of  mine  from  the  year  1S19;  I was  long  his 
agent,  and  managed  his  affairs  in  his  absence,  and  we  had  a 
land  partnership.  I have  done  a great  deal  of  business  for 
people  residing  in  and  about  Philadelphia,  extending  on 
down  to  a late  period.  In  1828  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States  gave  me  the  appointment  of  Land  Agent  at  their  Cin- 
cinnati agency,  which  agency  was  in  charge  of  George  W. 
Jones  from  1820  to  1830,  and  then  transferred  to  Herman 
Cope  from  1830  to  1836,  when  I was  aiipointed  Agent. 
The  agency  grew  out  of  the  old  Cincinnati  branch  of  1817 
to  1820,  the  assets  of  which  run  into  real  estate,  wild  lands, 
judgments  and  mortgages,  and  which  kept  on  growing  by 
accumulations  and  by  further  investments  down  to  1830. 
After  which  the  process  of  realizing  and  remitting  went  on 
I until  closed  up  under  the  subsequent  trusts,  and  I being  the 
j Manager  from  1836  to  the  final  close,  with  the  full  approba- 
j tion  of  all  the  boards  and  officers  I had  to  do  with.  I ought 
to  have  been  a geologist ; I have  taken  interest  in  the  science, 
as  time  permitted,  froiri  its  beginning,  without  much  prog- 
j less,  however,  in  keeping  up  with  this  great  science.  One 
thing  I claim,  and  that  is,  to  be  the  first  who  announced 
the  theoiy  of  north  and  south  currents  in  the  water  and  in 
the  air,  during  all  past  time,  making  the  earth  habitable, 
and  accounting  for  the  present  arrangement  of  the  earth’s 
surface. — Timotiiy  Kiruy.  [Died  1874.] 


cCLURE,  JAMES,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born  in 
Wilkersville,  Meigs  county,  Ohio,  May  24lh,  1835. 
His  father  was  a farmer,  who  came  to  this  Slate 
when  quite  a boy,  and  settled  in  Meigs  county, 
where  James  McClure  lived  with  his  parents  until 
he  reached  manhood.  His  mother  was  a native 
also  of  Ohio.  He  received  a classical  education  at  Ohio 
University,  in  Athens,  and  upon  his  leaving  the  college  be- 
came a teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Meigs  county  for 
some  time.  Being  of  a very  studious  turn  of  mind,  and 
having  a great  taste  for  medicine,  he  engaged  in  its  study, 
reading  with  Dr.  S.  Day  of  Harrisonvillc,  and  afterwards 
attending  a course  of  lectures  during  the  winter  of  i860  and 
1861.  He  then  resumed  and  practised  medicine  in  Albany, 
Athens  county,  Ohio,  until  the  fall  of  1863,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Starling  Medical  College  and  completed  his  course 
of  study,  and  graduated  in  the  S|)ring  of  1864.  In  May, 
1864,  he  entered  the  army  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  23d 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  attached  to  the  Army 


126 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPH£DIA. 


of  West  Virginia,  and  participated  in  the  fights  of  Opequan, 
Cedar  Creek,  Berryville,  Fisher’s  Hill,  and  many  other  minor 
engagements.  He  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment,  in 
August,  1865.  He  then  returned  to  his  home  in  Albany 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  continuing 
there  until  the  fall  of  1871,  when  he  moved  finally  to  Ma- 
rietta, and  there  resumed  practice,  in  which  he  is  now  en- 
gaged. He  afterwards  became  associated  in  partnership 
with  Dr.  Samuel  Hart,  and  with  him  now  enjoys  a large 
and  lucrative  practice.  He  was  married  in  October,  1866, 
to  Sarah  J.  Greene,  of  Newport,  Washington  county,  Ohio. 


'UNLAP,  ALEX.ANDER,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born  in  Brown  county,  Ohio,  January  I2lh, 
1815.  He  is  the  son  of  William  Dunlap  and 
Mary  (Shepherd)  Dunlap,  both  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. His  father,  a farmer,  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  Ohio,  having  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Kentucky  in  1782  or  thereabout,  and  thence  removed  in 
1796  to  the  former  State,  six  years  before  its  admission  as  a 
State  into  the  Union.  His  mother’s  family  came  from 
Shepherdstown,  of  which  place  its  members  were  probably 
the  founders.  He  passed  the  freshman  and  sophomore 
years  of  his  college  life  at  the  University  of  Ohio,  in 
Athens,  and  his  junior  and  senior  years  at  the  Miami  Uni- 
versity, graduating  in  1836.  He  then  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  instructions  of  his  brother  at  Green- 
field, Highland  county,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  old 
Cincinnati  Medical  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1839. 
Subsequently  associating  himself  in  practice  with  his  bro- 
ther, he  continued  to  reside  in  Greenfield  until  1846,  when 
he  removed  to  Ripley,  Brown  county,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  professional  labors  until  1856.  Later  he  established 
his  office  in  Springfield,  where  he  still  resides.  In  1843 
came  into  collision  with  the  fraternity  by  venturing  to  remove 
an  ov.rrian  tumor.  Although  this  operation  had  been  per- 
formed, in  a few  cases,  as  early  as  1809,  with  some  success,  by 
E[)hraim  M’Dowell,  of  Kentucky,  it  had  been  denounced  by 
the  profession  and  characterized  as  unjustifiable  butchery,  and 
for  more  than  thirty  years  had  been  abandoned  as  an  ele- 
ment of  medical  and  surgical  art.  In  the  various  publica- 
tions there  was  nothing  but  a brief  notice  of  its  failure,  and 
the  condemnation  of  the  faculty.  Clay,  of  England,  had 
performed  the  operation  in  1842,  and  Atlee,  of  Philadelphia, 
in  the  summer  of  1843.  Two  months  after  Atlee’s  opera- 
tion, he,  not  then  having  heard  of  the  cases  of  those  two 
jiractitioners,  and  following  only  the  traditional  report  of 
M’ Dowell’s  case,  ventured,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the 
patient,  who  was  apprised  of  the  risk,  to  undertake  the 
operation.  Surrounded  by  a few  country  physicians,  he 
finally  undertook  the  case,  and  removed  successfully  a 
tumor  weighing  forty-five  pounds.  A few  weeks  later  the 
patient  died,  and  the  operation  was  denounced  as  altogether 


unwarrantable  on  the  part  of  a“  country  surgeon,”  while  the 
medical  journals  refused  to  report  the  case.  The  woman’s 
death  had,  however,  not  been  the  direct  result  of  the  operation, 
and  though  frowned  upon  in  many  quarters,  he  persevered 
in  his  studies  and  practice  until  a brilliant  success  dissipated 
entirely  the  clouds  of  prejudice.  To-day,  his  reputation  as 
an  ovariotomist  is  co-extensive  with  the  circulation  of  med- 
ical literature,  while  his  practice  extends  throughout  the 
central  and  western  portion  of  the  United  States.  Down  to 
the  present  time  he  has  performed  nearly  one  hundred  oper- 
ations, and  has  reported  the  subject  ably  and  exhaustively. 
In  eighty  per  cent,  of  his  cases,  he  has  met  with  complete 
success — a higher  estimate  than  may  be  awarded  to  any 
other  American  or  European  ovariotomist,  with  but  a singl.e 
exception.  He  has  outlived  denunciation,  and  in  1S68  re- 
ceived from  the  faculty  of  the  State  of  Ohio  the  signal  com- 
pliment of  an  election  to  the  Presidency  of  the  Ohio  Medi- 
cal Society.  He  has  also  been  made  one  of  the  Judicial 
Council  for  the  American  Medical  Association.  He  has 
lately  been  appointed  to  a professorship  in  the  Starling 
Medical  College  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  has  a strong 
natural  proclivity  for  surgery,  which  early  developed  itself, 
and  which  has  been  cultivated  by  close  reading  and  an 
extensive  and  varied  practice.  In  “ Gross’s  Svstem  of 
Surgery,”  vol.  ii.,  he  is  reported,  under  the  heading  “ Li- 
thotomy,” as  “ having  successfully  removed  a stone  weighing 
twenty  ounces,”  the  largest  ever  removed  from  a living 
person.  Also  in  this  branch  of  surgery  his  practice  has 
been  very  extensive.  Among  exceptional  cases,  he  has 
three  times  removed  the  under-jaw,  once  ligated  the  com- 
mon carotid  artery,  and  once  removed  the  clavicle.  He 
was  married  March  27th,  1839,  to  Maria  Elizabeth  Bell,  of 
Highland  county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  chil- 
dren : two  sons,  one  of  whom  died  in  childhood  ; the  other, 
Charles  W.  Dunlap,  is  now  associated  with  him  in  his  pro- 
fessional practice;  and  a daughter,  Mary  I-Ilizabeth  Dunlap, 
who  was  married  to  William  Hamilton,  of  Springfield. 


^HACKER,  JOHN  A.,  M.  D.,  Editor  of  the  Medi- 
cal Nc7vs,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Goshen, 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  at  a point  about  twenty 
miles  distant  from  Cincinnati,  January  ist,  1S33. 
His  father,  John  Thacker,  was  also  a physician, 
whose  father  moved  to  Ohio  from  the  State  of 
New  Vork  at  an  early  date.  On  the  paternal  side  there 
exists  a family  record  which  dates  back  to  1750.  His  fore- 
fathers were  highly  respectable  farmers  in  easy  circum- 
stances. On  the  maternal  side  the  family  history  extends  to 
a period  preceding  for  many  years  the  revolt  of  the  colonies, 
to  a Mr.  Gardner,  who  came  from  England,  and  purchased 
the  island  in  Long  Island  Sound  known  as  “ Gardner’s 
Island.”  His  maternal  grandmother,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Lucretia  Willis,  was  a cousin  of  the  wife  of  General 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILLDIA. 


127 


Greene,- of  Revolutionary  celebrity.  In  his  earlier  clays  he 
attended  the  common  schools  of  his  village,  and  also  the 
^Vittenberg  College,  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  On  the  comple- 
tion of  his  general  literary  education,  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  under  the  preceplorship  of  a second 
cousin.  Dr.  Townsend  Thacker,  of  Goshen,  Ohio,  and 
March  1st,  1856,  graduated  at  the  Miami  Medical  College. 
The  day  succeeding  the  reception  of  his  diploma,  he,  with 
a number  of  other  competitors,  was  examined  in  order  to 
ascertain  his  fitness  for  an  important  position  in  the  St. 
John’s  Hospital,  of  Cincinnati,  now  known  as  the  Good 
Samaritan  Hospital.  On  this  occasion  he  was  one  of  the 
two  succe.ssful  candidates.  His  stay  in  the  hospital  was,  how- 
ever, of  limited  duration,  for,  receiving  the  appointment  of 
Physician  to  the  Himilton  County  Lunatic  Asylum,  he  at 
once  removed  to  that  institution.  At  the  expiration  of  ten 
months  he  resigned  his  position  in  the  a.syluin,  and  entered 
on  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  While  engaged  in  the  .Vsyluin,  although 
nominally  the  assistant  physician,  the  superintendence  of  the 
entire  establishment  devolved  on  him,  the  nominal  superin- 
tendent not  residing  on  the  premises,  and  visiting  the  house 
but  a few  times  per  w'eek,  his  visits  averaging  in  duration 
from  a half  hour  to  an  hour.  During  the  early  period  of 
his  practice  he  acted  for  a time  as  Secretary  of  the  Academy, 
of  Medicine  of  Cincinnati,  and  prepared  its  proceedings, 
embodying  lengthy  discussions  from  month  to  month,  for 
publication  in  the  medical  journalsi  He  is  a ready  writer, 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  both  literary  and  medical 
journals.  During  the  existence  of  the  Qiiartei'Iy  yoitrnal 
of  Psychological  Medicine,  of  New  Yotk,  edited  by  Professor 
W.  .A.  Hammond,  M.  D.,  he  published  in  its  columns 
many  interesting  and  valuable  articles  on  subjects  of 
Psychology.  Several  of  those  contributions  attracted  much 
attention,  and  received  highly  eulogistic  notices  from  the 
press — one  of  them  afterward  appearing  in  an  English 
Quarterly.  He  has  also  been  a contributor  to  the  London 
Lancet;  and  in  the  Monthly  AFicroscopical  yournal  of 
London,  for  .April,  1875,  is  a lengthy  article  written  by  him, 
copied  from  the  journal  which  he  at  present  edits,  the 
Cincitmati  Medical  Xe-uos,  rn  the  performance  of  micro- 
scopic leases  of  various  powers.  During  the  years  1861- 
62,  he  edited  the  Cincinnati  Medical  and  Surgical  News, 
and  in  1868  was  made  editor  of  the  Medical  Repertory, 
which  journal  he  continues  to  edit,  its  name  having  been 
changed  to  the  Medical  Ncsus.  His  vigorous  editorial 
writings  contributed  importantly  to  the  breaking  down  of 
the  almost  entire  monopoly  of  the  Cincinnati  Hospital  by  a 
single  medical  college,  and  was  the  cause,  in  a great  meas- 
ure,  of  the  establishment  by  the  trustees  of  the  institution 
of  a rule  by  which  college  professors  were  rendered  incapa- 
ble of  holding  a position  upon  the  hospital  staff.  And  this 
was  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  hospital  that  all  the 
regular  medical  colleges  enjoyed  its  clinical  advantages 
on  an  equal  footing.  During  the  years  1863-64  he  held 


the  Chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Med- 
icine and  Surgery,  lecturing  through  two  terms.  Al- 
though he  taught  anatomy  acceptably,  he  resigned  its  pro- 
fessorship in  consequence  of  the  chair  not  being  in  accord- 
ance with  his  tastes.  In  the  fall  of  1867  he  was  made 
Professor  of  Psychology  and  Diseases  of  the  Mind  in  the 
same  institution,  a branch  of  science  congenial  to  his  taste, 
and  in  whose  cultivation  he  has  expended  much  time  and 
attention.  In  1871,  upon  a reorganization  of  the  faculty,  he 
became  Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine, 
vice  Dr.  B.  .S.  Lawson,  resigned,  and  has  since  occupied 
that  chair.  He  has  also  devoted  his  attention  closely  and 
persistently  to  microscopy,  and  has  probably  the  greatest 
number  of  fine  lenses  of  eminent  makers  throughout  the 
world  of  any  private  individual  in  the  United  States.  He 
possesses  also  a very  large  and  rich  cabinet  of  microscopic 
objects,  and  the  Medical  News  contains  a microscopic  de- 
partment (a  need  met  by  no  other  journal  in  the  country), 
to  which  many  of  the  most  distinguished  microscopists  con- 
tribute. He  is  an  honorary  member  of  several  microscopic 
societies,  in  Memphis,  San  Francisco,  etc.,  and  is  a member 
also  of  various  medical  societies. 


AY,  GILBERT  OTIS,  Superintendent  of  the  Ohio 
Institution  for  the  education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
at  Columbus,  was  born  November  8th,  1834,  at 
Wadsworth,  Medina  county,  Ohio.  His  father 
belonged  to  the  clerical  profession,  and,  as 
well  as  his  mother,  descended  from  a long  line 
of  sturdy  Massachusetts  yeomanry.  They  left  that  State  at 
the  time  of  the  early  western  emigration,  and  he  soon  fell  a 
victim  to  the  malarial  diseases  of  a new  State.  The  care 
and  training  of  Gilbert,  his  only  son,  devolved  upon  the 
mother,  and  to  his  education  she  devoted  her  time  and 
energy,  supporting  herself  and  him  by  her  own  manual 
labor,  and  reserving  his  slender  patrimony  for  future  use. 
The  childhood  and  youth  of  Mr.  Fay  were  spent  in  her 
native  village.  His  attendance  at  school  was  limited  to 
the  winter  sessions,  but  by  application  and  under  the  guid- 
ance of  his  mother,  he  managed  to  acquire  a substantial 
knowledge  of  the  English  branches  of  study  with  thorough- 
ness and  rapidity.  As  he  advanced  to  manhood,  the  w'ell- 
husbanded  patrimony  and  his  mother’s  self-denial  secured 
to  him  increased  facilities  for  obtaining  a comprehensive 
education.  He  attended  successively  Phillips  Academy, 
Yale  College,  and  Andover  .Seminary,  and  obtained  in  this 
prolonged  course  of  study  a refined,  classical,  and  yet  a 
thoroughly  practical  culture.  He  became  a teacher  in  1862 
in  the  institution  which  has  since  been  conducted  w ith  so 
much  success  under  his  charge.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
as  superintendent,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  witnessing 
the  completion  of  the  new’  building  and  its  occupation  in 
1868.  The  attendance  in  the  school  has  increased  from  one 


I2S 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


luintlred  and  fifty  to  four  hundred,  and  the  most  gratifying 
results  have  been  achieved  by  the  methods  of  teaching 
adopted  and  carried  out  by  Mr.  Fay,  who  has  proven  him- 
self eminently  qualified  for  the  exercise  of  his  responsible 
duties  as  superintendent.  The  intellectual  life  of  the  insti- 
tution has  been  drawn  more  nearly  parallel  with  that  of  the 
public  schools,  while  its  domestic  life  has  been  character- 
ized by  comfort,  health  and  economy.  The  industrial  system 
in  use  is  rotaiy  in  its  method,  and  is  judiciously  arranged 
and  efficiently  carried  out.  Mr.  Fay  has  earned  a high 
reputation  for  his  skill  in  the  exceedingly  difficult  as  well 
as  exceedingly  delicate  work  of  instructing  the  unfortunate 
youth  who  are  incapable  of  speech  and  hearing,  and  has 
raised  the  institution  with  which  he  is  connected  to  a lead- 
ing position  for  success  in  teaching  deaf  mutes.  He  was 
married  to  Adelia  C.  Allen,  of  Leominster,  August  25th, 
1S63,  who  died  in  1867.  On  April  14th  1868,  he  mar- 
ried Mary  J.  Jarvis,  of  Massillon,  Ohio. 


UTI.IFF,  HON.  MILTON,  Lawyer  and  ex-Chief- 
Justice  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  was  born,  October 
i6th,  1806,  in  Trumbull  county,  Ohio.  He  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Samuel  and  Ruth  (Granger)  Sut- 
lifif,  who  removed  to  western  New  York  from 
Connecticut,  and  from  thence  to  the  Western  Re- 
serve in  1S04,  and  settled  on  a farm  in  Trumbull  county. 
His  Other  was  a firmer  of  intelligence  and  limited  educa- 
tion, but  understood  surveying  and  had  taught  school.  His 
mother  was  a cousin  of  Gideon  Granger,  Postmaster-General 
under  Jefferson.  Though  her  early  opportunities  for  educa- 
tion were  very  limited,  she  was  a woman  of  remarkable 
memory  and  extensive  reading.  Her  character  was  marked 
by  a devout  piety  and  great  resolution.  Her  father  fell  in 
the  war  for  independence,  and  her  husband  also  had  been  a 
soldier  in  the  same  cause,  when  only  a boy  of  sixteen. 
They  had  six  children,  all  sons,  four  of  whom  became  law- 
yers, and  achieved  distinction  in  their  profession.  The 
means  of  his  parents  being  limited.  Judge  Sutlifif  received 
his  early  education  in  the  district  school,  and  by  private  in- 
struction from  a clergyman  in  the  vicinity,  from  whom  he 
acquired  some  knowledge  of  mathematics  and  the  classical 
languages,  paying  for  his  tuition  by  manual  labor.  When 
he  was  seventeen  years  old,  he  taught  a private  school  in 
Ohio,  and  after  a few  years  went  to  the  Southern  States  to 
teach,  remaining  and  teaching  for  a time  in  ^^lssissippi  and 
Louisiana.  While  teaching  there,  at  his  leisure  hours  he 
continued  his  reading  law,  which  he  had  before  commenced. 
His  friends  there  offered  favorable  inducements  to  him  for 
a permanent  residence  in  that  sunny  clime,  but  his  northern 
education  and  settled  aversion  to  the  institution  of  slavery, 
and  a desire  to  perfect  his  education,  induced  him  to  re- 
turn to  Ohio.  Upon  his  return  he  entered  Western  Reserve 
College  in  1830,  recited  in  two  classes  the  first  year,  and 


graduated  in  1833,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  Shortly  after 
entering  that  institution,  the  subject  of  the  abolition  of 
American  slavery,  which  had  been  advocated  by  Lundy  in 
a paper.  The  Genius  of  Emancipalioii,  for  a time  published 
by  him  in  Baltimore,  and  afterwards  revived  or  continued 
by  Garrison  in  a small  paper,  Ihe  Liberator,  at  Boston,  in 
1830  (and  some  numbers  of  which  had  been  sent  to  the 
faculty),  had  been  introduced  into  the  college  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  college,  Charles  B.  Storrs,  and  Professors  Eliezer 
Wright  and  Beriah  Green,  men  of  eminent  ability,  approv- 
ing and  advocating  the  immediate  abolition  of  slavery.  The 
trustees  and  other  members  of  the  faculty  opposed  these 
views,  with  most  of  the  students.  Sutliff  and  a few  others 
earnestly  approved.  The  opposition  and  prejudice  by  the 
opponents  to  abolition,  as  then  termed,  on  the  part  of  the 
trustees  of  the  college  and  the  public  generally,  at  that 
time,  1833,  had  become  so  intense  that  the  president  and 
those  professors  resigned  their  places  rather  than  compro- 
mise their  sentiments.  Lfpon  the  commencement  occasion 
of  1833,  the  few  anti-slavery  men  then  present  formed  an 
Anti-slavery  Association,  with  the  special  object  to  dissemi- 
nate intelligence,  and  enlist  an  interest  in  the  anti-slavery 
subject  throughout  the  Reserve.  Sutliff,  who,  by  his  knowl- 
edge of  law,  and  experience  in  discussing  the  question  in 
debates  with  other  students,  had,  for  some  time,  been  thus 
regarded  by  the  faculty  and  students  as  a vei-y  logical  and 
able  advocate,  volunteered  his  services  to  disseminate  intel- 
ligence by  lectures  and  publications  on  the  subject  of  slavery 
throughout  all  the  counties  on  the  Reserve.  His  offer  was 
gladly  accepted  by  the  Association,  but  they  had  no  funds, 
and  Sutlifif  was  then  poor.  He,  however,  borrowed  money, 
and  proceeded  to  redeem  his  pledge,  without  loss  of  time — 
a notable  exception  to  the  saying,  “ Who  goeth  a warfare  at 
any  time  at  his  own  charges  ? ” The  task  undertaken  re- 
quired not  only  ability,  with  candor  and  courage,  but  a pa- 
tient perseverance.  The  undertaking,  supposed  to  require 
but  a few  weeks,  required  very  unexpectedly  a full  year  for 
its  completion.  During  that  time  Sutliff,  journeying  on 
horseback,  effected  anti-slavery  organizations  throughout 
every  county  on  the  Reserve,  attended  with  other  pioneers 
at  Philadelphia,  in  December,  1833,  to  form  the  National 
Anti-slavery  Society,  and  being  appointed  liy  that  society, 
debated  the  relative  merits  of  the  Anti-slavery  and  Coloniz- 
ation Societies  with  the  late  Walter  P'orward  before  the 
Anniversary  held  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  in  May,  1834, 
and  lectured  on  the  subject  at  Cannonsburgh  and  Washing- 
ton Colleges,  and  discussed  the  merits  of  the  subject  for 
some  days  with  the  faculty  of  Washington  College  in  that 
State,  the  college  exercises  being  suspended  by  the  faculty 
for  that  purpose.  He,  at  an  expense  of  a year’s  time  and 
$200  and  up,  and  expenses,  without  asking  or  receiving 
any  remuneration,  completed  his  undertaking.  Then  he 
obtained  admittance  to  the  bar,  in  1834,  and  at  once  settled 
at  Warren,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
The  battle  for  freedom  was  afterwards  continued,  with 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^’CVCLOIVEDIA. 


-9 


Chase  and  Giddings  and  Wade,  and  other  contemporaries,  of 
Ohio,  in  the  vanguard.  The  great  triumph  came  at  last,  but 
this  is  not  the  place  for  its  history.  Judge  Sutlifif  continued 
in  the  fight  until  victory  crowned  the  gallant  host,  but  the 
press  of  a large  professional  business,  and  an  indisposition 
towards  a political  life,  made  his  name  less  conspicuous  than 
others  towards  the  close  of  the  struggle.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1S49,  and  the  Free  .Soil  party, 
which  party  held  the  balance  of  power  in  the  Assembly, 
secured  the  election  of  Salmon  P.  Chase  to  the  United 
.States  Senate.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to  the  upper 
house  of  the  Legislature,  and  the  same  potent  balance  of 
power  compassed  the  election  of  Wade  to  the  United  .States 
senatorship.  In  1S57  he  was  elected  to  the  Supreme  Bench, 
t.aking  his  seat  in  February,  1858.  He  served  five  years, 
during  the  last  of  which  he  w.as  Chief  Justice.  In  1863  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  in  1S72  was 
nomin.ated  for  Congress  by  the  Liberal  Repuldican  party, 
but  with  the  Greeley  ticket  he  was  alike  defeated.  He  is 
now  in  his  si.xty-ninth  year,  in  the  enjoyment  of  good 
health,  and  still  continues  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
has  acquired  a competency,  but  has  never  married. 


ECK,  WILLIAM,  Merchant  and  Manufacturer, 
was  born  November  21st,  1821,  in  the  Electorate 
of  Hesse  Cassel,  Germany,  and  is  a son  of  Freid- 
rich  Carl  and  Mary  Magdelene  (Hooffman)  Beck. 
His  ancestry  belonged  to  the  higher  class  of 
Germans.  His  father  was  a printer,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  thirty-four  years,  when  Willi.am  was  but  three 
years  of  age.  His  widow  survived  him  forty-two  years,  and 
died  January  3d,  1866,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-two 
years,  retaining  her  mental  faculties  'unimpaired  to  the  end 
of  life.  When  five  years  of  age,  William  was  sent  to  school, 
and  was  most  constant  in  his  attendance  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  thirteen  and  a half  years,  during  which  period  he 
acquired  an  excellent  German  education.  At  the  expiration 
of  his  school  studies,  his  mother  jilaced  him,  1835,  in  a car- 
penter shop,  to  learn  that  trade,  but  on  account  of  ill  treat- 
ment he  remained  there  but  two  months,  and  thence  re- 
turned home.  He  was  then  apprenticed  to  a tailor,  with 
which  employment  he  was  well  pleased,  and  he  succeeded 
in  acquiring  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  during 
the  stipulated  three  yearn,  1838,  which  formed  his  term  of 
service.  lie  was  now  not  quite  eighteen  years  of  age,  but 
a master  of  his  trade,  though  he  could  not,  .as  yet,  enter  into 
business  for  himself.  According  to  the  Gennan  laws  and 
immemorial  custom,  he  was  required  to  travel  3s  a journey- 
man tailor  for  a certain  length  of  time.  He  accordingly  set 
out  on  foot,  with  his  knapsack  on  his  back,  and  travelled 
through  northern  and  eastern  Germany  from  August  15th, 
1838,  to  January,  1841,  working  diligently  in  various  cities 
and  towns.  He  was,  at  the  expiration  of  this  period,  re- 
•7 


quired  to  return  home,  in  order  to  undergo  an  examination 
by  the  War  Department  with  a view  to  entering  the  army. 
This,  however,  he  evaded  by  purchasing  a substitute,  re- 
ceiving his  exemption  pajiers,  and  being  released  from 
military  dutie.s.  He  then  resumed  his  pedestrian  travel, 
which  he  followed  for  eight  years  more,  traveliing  through 
Bavaria,  Switzerland,  France,  Italy  and  Austria,  working  iji 
all  the  principal  cities.  Having  more  than  fulfilled  the 
travelling  requirements  of  the  country,  he  returned  home  to 
undergo  his  final  examination  preparatory  to  his  engaging 
in  business  on  his  own  account.  This  examination  was  a 
rigid  one,  and  was  conducted  by  a committee  of  five  master- 
workmen,  all  practical  tailors,  duly  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose, to  ascertain  his  proficiency  in  his  calling.  He  was 
required  to  take  the  full  measure  of  a man  for  a complete 
suit  of  clothes,  coat,  vest,  and  pantaloons.  This  process 
having  been  ascertained  to  be  correct,  he  was  required  to 
cut  the  cloth,  and  subsequently  to  make  the  garments  with 
his  own  hands,  being  at  all  times  under  the  care  and  guar- 
dianship of  one  of  the  committee  who  never  lost  sight  of 
him  during  the  entire  period  of  his  ordeal.  The  suit  was 
completed  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  committee,  and 
he  thereupon  received  his  certificate  in  due  form,  which  au- 
thorized him  to  commence  business.  In  1849  I's  was  regu- 
larly established  as  a merchant  tailor,  and  he  succeeded 
beyond  his  most  sanguine  expectation,  being  recommended 
and  patronized  by  the  gentry  and  nobility,  among  these  the 
celebrated  Von  Brombach  and  Baron  Von  Schwartzenburg, 
beside  other  high  State  dignitaries.  After  conducting  the  busi- 
ness very  successfully  for  three  years,  he  m.anifesled  a desire 
to  try  his  fortunes  in  America;  so  he  disposed  of  his  stock, 
gave  his  mother  the  house  he  owned,  and  with  a little  over 
§500  in  gold,  together  with  a small  stock  of  goods,  bade 
adieu  to  the  fatherland,  September  15th,  1852,  and  fifteen 
days  thereafter  arrived  in  Philadelphia,  reaching  Cincinnati 
in  one  week,  October  9th,  1852.  He  did  not  find  his  line 
of  business  very  brisk,  the  Israelites  seeming  to  have  a 
monopoly  of  the  clothing  trade,  and  withal  he  was  totally 
unacquainted  with  the  English  language.  He,  however, 
commenced  making  cloaks  for  Mr.  White  and  Mr.  Lee,  on 
Fourth  street,  but  as  his  pay  was  meagre,  he  concluded  to 
try  something  else.  Having  purchased  a lot  of  shoes,  he 
commenced  the  peddling  business,  but  only  succeeded  in 
disposing  of  one  pair.  He  next  undertook  to  work  on  over- 
gaiters for  one  Koehler  and  others,  but  trade  being  in  a stag- 
nant condition,  he  answered  an  advertisement  for  a gardener 
at  Mount  Washington,  and  undertook  to  fill  that  position. 
The  work,  however,  proved  too  laborious,  so  he  returned 
to  the  city,  where  he  became  a cutter  in  Mr.  Stadler  & 
fjrothers’  establishments  until  1857,  when  he  started  in  busi- 
ne.ss,  on  Central  avenue,  in  the  line  of  boys’  clothing  and 
masquerade  costumes.  In  1858  he  removed  to  No.  266 
Fifth  street,  where  he  continued  the  same  business,  and  the 
following  year  leased  the  adjoining  lot,  and  erected  the 
house  No.  264,  where  he  carried  on  a very  lucrative  trade. 


1 30 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


In  1865  he  made  a trip  to  Europe,  in  company  with  his 
eldest  son,  August,  and  on  his  return  to  Cincinnati,  disposed 
of  his  establishment  with  a view  of  returning  to  Germany. 
About  that  time,  however,  the  German  war  Irroke  out,  and 
he  abatidoned  the  idea.  In  i865  he  opened  a store  at  the 
corner  of  Plum  and  Fifth  streets,  remaining  there  one  year, 
when  he  purchased  a house  on  Vine  street  between  Sixth 
and  Seventh,  where  he  opened  a restaurant.  In  1869  he 
sold  out  this  establishment,  and  removed  to  No.  74  Fifth 
street,  and  two  years  later,  on  account  of  the  houses  being 
torn  down,  to  Longworth  and  Central  avenue.  At  this 
Latter  stand,  however,  his  business  did  not  prove  so  success- 
ful ; so  he  removed  the  same  year  to  No.  264  Vine  street, 
opposite  the  Public  Library,  and  commenced  the  business 
of  manufacturing  regalia,  masonic  goods  and  masquerade 
costumes,  which  he  has  conducted  very  extensively  and 
successfully.  Four  years  after,  finding  these  premises  loo 
circumscribed  for  his  rapidly  extended  business,  he  leased  a 
three-story  house  on  the  corner  of  Vine  and  .Seventh  streets, 
to  which  he  built  for  his  business  an  addition  ; and  he  now 
possesses  one  of  the  finest  stores  in  the  city,  where  he  ex- 
pects to  remain  during  the  continuance  of  his  business  life. 
By  perseverance  and  close  attention  to  business,  he  has 
amassed  a competency,  and  he  appreciates  and  enjoys  the 
reward  of  his  labors.  He  is  prominently  identified  with 
many  of  the  leading  benevolent  organizations  of  the  city, 
among  which  may  be  named  the  Red  Men,  Odd  Fellows, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  the  Masonic  Order  up  to  Knights  Tem- 
plar, the  .Seven  Wise  Men,  Good  Fellows,  and  the  United 
Working  Men.  When  on  his  way  to  the  United  States,  in 
1852,  he  met  in  Liverpool  a gentleman  by  the  name  of 
I'uchs,  whose  sister  Elizabeth  was  on  her  way  to  America. 
He  was  asked  to  take  charge  of  her,  and  see  that  she  was 
properly  cared  for  during  her  long  and  hazardous  journey. 
So  faithful  was  he  in  attentions  to  her  comfort,  that  they 
have  been  continued  ever  since.  They  were  united  in  mar- 
riage February  14th,  1853,  and  five  children  have  Itlessed 
this  union,  all  of  whom  are  now  living.  The  oldest  son, 
August,  now  twenty-two  years  old,  has  been  in  business 
with  him  since  he  left  the  school. 


LDWELL,  JOHN  DAV,  so  well  known  through- 
out Ohio  as  the  “ Universal  Secretary,”  was  born 
in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  December  28th,  1816.  In 
the  year  1814,  his  mother,  Harriet  Wesley  Day, 
of  Harford  county,  Maryland,  while  on  a wed- 
ding party  in  the  Bay  of  Baltimore,  was  captured 
by  the  British,  and  placed  a prisoner  on  board  of  the  com- 
modore’s vessel,  at  the  time  Thomas  Scott  Key  wrote  the 
famous  “ Star-Spangled  Banner.”  Key  gave  her  a copy  in 
his  own  handwriting.  His  father,  James  Caldwell,  was  of 
Scotch-Irish  lineage.  The  Caldwells  were  of  the  stock  of 
Scotch-Irish  who  became  the  pioneer  preachers,  educators 


and  millwrights  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia. 
John  Day,  whose  name  he  bears,  was  the  pioneer  printer 
and  book  publisher  of  London  in  the  fifteenth  century.  On 
his  tombstone  it  is  stated  that  he  was  the  original  publisher 
of  Fox’s  “ Book  of  Martyrs.”  Mr.  Caldwell  was  for  nearly 
three  years  a student  at  Kenyon  College.  While  yet  a boy 
he  was  employed  in  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Peabody — ■ 
brother  of  the  great  banker  and  philanthropist — who  was 
visiting  Zanesville  with  auction  goods ; he  was  also  clerk 
with  Professor  Thompson,  chemist,  at  the  same  place,  and 
aided  him  in  experiments  that  resulted  in  the  discovery  of 
the  composition  of  Blackwell’s  matches,  and  in  the  manu- 
facture, about  the  year  1832,  of  the  first  friction  matches 
made  in  this  country.  In  1835  he  came  to  Cincinnati,  and 
until  1843  eng.aged  as  clerk  on  board  of  steamboats  running 
on  the  Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  rivers.  After  this  he  was 
transportation  agent  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad  Company, 
the  first  chosen  Secretary  of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
D.ayton  Railroad  Comp.any,  again  entered  the  service  of  the 
Little  Miami  Railroad  Company,  and  was  then  clerk  in 
Greene’s  Express,  the  pioneer  organization  at  Cincinnati. 
Later  he  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Atlas  and  Chron- 
icle newspaper.  This  was  in  the  Scott  campaign,  and 
Murat  Halstead,  now  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  then 
received  his  first  engagement  as  a writer  for  a daily  paper 
with  Mr.  Caldwell.  He  subsequently  sold  out  to  the  Cin- 
cinnati Gazette,  and  became  a stockholder  and  local  editor 
in  that  paper  in  connection  with  Judge  John  C.  Wright, 
Crafts  J.  Wright,  William  Schouler,  and  Luther  B.  Bruen. 
On  disposing  of  his  interest  in  the  Gazette  he  served  for  two 
years  as  Clerk  of  the  School  Board  of  Cincinnati,  when  he 
resigned  on  being  chosen  by  the  Ohio  State  Teachers’  As- 
sociation to  edit  their  yonrnal  of  Education,  which  he 
conducted  for  one  year.  Subsequently  he  was  Clerk  of  the 
Board  of  City  Improvements  of  Cincinnati,  and  during  two 
years  of  the  war  Reporting  Clerk  of  the  Ohio  House  of 
Representatives.  In  1850  he  acted  as  Assistant  Secretary 
to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  Ohio,  and  has  continued, 
by  successive  elections  each  year  since.  Grand  .Secretary 
also  of  three  other  Grand  Masonic  bodies.  P'or  nine  years 
he  was  Grand  Recorder  and  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand 
Encampment  of  Knights  Templar  of  the  United  States,  and 
also  of  the  General  Grand  Chapter  Royal  Arch  Masons  of 
the  United  States.  Since  1856  he  has  been  devoted  to  the 
interes's  of  the  Pioneer  Association  of  Cincinnati,  of  which 
he  remains  the  secretary.  He  is  an  assiduous  student  and 
collector  of  the  local  history  of  the  city,  but  has  published 
a few  tracts  only  of  his  accumulated  manuscript.  He  was 
at  one  period  Secretary  and  Librarian  of  the  Ohio  Histori- 
cal Society,  and  first  Librarian  of  the  Free  Public  Libraiy 
of  Cincinnati,  which  was  organized  in  his  office  when  he 
was  clerk  of  the  public  schools.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
rebellion,  on  the  first  day  of  news  of  need  for  a popular 
rally,  he  headed  the  movement  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  the 
organizer  of  the  “ Home  Guard,”  and  became  Chairman  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


the  Committee  of  Safety  until  a more  perfect  organization 
■w  as  effected  for  the  defence  of  the  city.  For  three  months 
he  was  Volunteer  Adjutant  General  on  staff  of  General 
Burbank  in  charge  of  the  military  of  the  city.  He  organ- 
ized the  Sanitary  Fair,  and  was  its  secretary.  By  its  ac- 
tivity over  a quarter  of  a million  of  dollars  was  placed  in 
the  treasury  of  the  Sanitary  Commission.  He  organized  the 
Soldiers’  Family  Fund,  the  Refugee  Relief  Association, 
and  was  the  active  Secretary  of  the  National  Union  Asso- 
ciation, which  was  so  effective  in  pubiic  meetings  and  by 
loyal  publications.  All  these  services  were  freely  volun- 
teered for  the  public  good  without  charge.  His  labors  were 
unremitting,  his  zeal  unquenchable,  and  his  services  most 
efficient.  Mr.  Caldwell  was  married  in  1S45  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Captain  William  Templeton,  of  Cincinnati. 
Their  only  child  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Caldwell  is  at 
))resent  proprietor  of  the  Masonic  Supply  establishment. 
No.  233  Fourth  street,  Cincinnati. 


WVER,  HON.  DENNIS,  Lawyer,  Judge  of  the 


I 


Probate  Court  of  Montgomery  county,  Ohio,  and 
Founder  of  the  Order  of  the  Irish  Catholic 
Benevolent  Union,  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
P'ethard  county,  Tipperary,  Ireland,  February  2d, 
1830.  His  parents  were  Cornelius  Dwyer  and 
Bridget  (Burns)  Dwyer,  people  in  moderate  circumstances, 
who  followed  the  vocation  of  farming.  While  in  his  tenth 
year  he  lost  his  father,  and  from  his  seventh  until  his  thir- 
teenth year  of  age,  he  attended  an  excellent  national  school 
located  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home,  and  there  acquired  a 
substantial  English  and  mathematical  education,  with  some 
knowledge  of  Latin  and  German.  He  subsequently  went 
to  Clonmell  to  live  with  an  uncle,  a man  of  notable  mechan- 
ical genius  and  unusual  scientific  attainments.  With  him  he 
learned  the  trade  of  clock  and  watch  making,  and  at  the 
same  time  improved  his  education  by  attending  school  and 
also  through  his  acquaintance  with  a circle  of  scientific  and 
scholastic  disputants  who  were  often  guests  at  the  house  of 
his  relative.  Having  witnessed  the  destitution  and  horrible 
suffering  attendant  on  the  famine,  his  s]:)irit  naturally  re- 
volted against  that  tyrannous  system  of  repression  of  Irish 
commerce  and  Irish  manufactures,  which  was,  in  a measure, 
responsible  for  the  calamitous  visitation.  His  uncle  was  a 


member  of  the  O'Connell  Petitioning  Law  and  Order  Party, 
and  looked  to  a calm  and  steady  policy  for  a final  redress 
of  grievances.  He,  however,  was  le.ss  circumspect.  Fired 
with  an  enthusiastic  patriotism  more  creditable  to  his  heart 
than  his  judgment,  he  broke  away  from  the  restraining  in- 
fluence of  his  uncle,  and  fled  to  Slievenamon  Mountain,  to 
join  O’Brien,  Meagher,  Dahoney,  and  the  army  of  “Young 
Icelanders  ” gathered  on  the  mountain,  and  armed  with 
pikes  and  clubs.  Opposed  by  the  strong  power  of  the 
government,  the  bubble  of  rebellion  shone  for  a few  days,  j 


131 

then  burst,  and  the  insurgent  forces  were  scattered  like 
chaff  before  the' winds.  To  avoid  arrest  he  then  fled  to 
America,  and  in  December,  1848,  landed  in  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  In  the  ensuing  spring,  he  found  himself  in 
Ohio,  in  very  straitened  circumstances,  and,  during  that 
year,  worked  as  a farm  laborer  in  Miami  county.  His 
misery  was  then  increased  by  an  attack  of  ague,  and  he  de- 
cided to  remove  to  Dayton,  where  he  served  a regular 
apprenticeship  at  the  trade  of  cabinet-making,  and  afterwards 
worked  at  pattern-making,  and  made  the  patterns  for  the 
first  steam-engine  used  in  United  Brethren  printing  establish- 
ment in  Dayton,  while  engaging  at  the  same  time  in  the 
study  of  law.  Pursuing  his  legal  studies  under  the  direction 
of  an  attorney,  while  working  assiduously  at  his  mechanical 
occupation,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  He  con- 
tinued, however,  to  work  at  his  trade  until  1S60,  from 
w'hich  time  until  1863  he  acted  as  Recording  Clerk  in  the 
County  Clerk’s  office.  He  was  afterw'ards  engaged  as  a 
bookkeejier  in  Dayton  until  his  election  in  1866  to  the 
office  of  Probate  Judge  of  the  county.  He  w'as  re-elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1869,  and  again  in  1872,  and,  be- 
sides, served  for  four  years  as  a member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  in  Dayton,  introducing  many  improvements  into 
the  public  schools.  He  possesses  many  qualities  which  fit 
him  peculiarly  for  public  life — a genial  temper,  an  ardent 
nature  balanced  by  the  wisdom  of  varied  experience,  ex- 
tensive general  reading,  and  an  easy  and  graceful  address. 
On  all  subjects  his  opinions  are  his  convictions,  and  while 
he  firmly  upholds  them,  he  has  the  utmost  respect  for  the 
opinions  of  those  with  whom  he  may  differ.  He  is  endowed 
also  with  the  executive  ability  to  control  and  harmonize  large 
numbers,  a natural  gift  which  Inought  him  prominently  be- 
fore the  public  in  1869,  when  he  organized  at  Dayton  the 
Irish  Catholic  Benevolent  Union,  an  association  whose 
ramifications  now  extend  over  nearly  every  State  in  the 
Union,  and  into  Canada,  embracing  among  its  members 
many  thousands  of  the  most  active  and  intelligent  Irish 
Catholics  in  America.  He  enjoyed  the  friendship  and  con- 
fidence of  the  late  Hon.  C.  L.  Vallandigham,  and  w’as  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  the  management  of  the  Dayton  Herald 
and  Empire,  from  1868  to  1870.  In  politics  he  has  always 
been  attached  to  the  Democratic  party,  and  frequently 
has  acted  as  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  Committees,  and 
been  also  the  representative  of  his  party  at  the  various  con- 
ventions. At  the  present  time  he  officiates  as  President  of 
the  National  Board  of  Immigration  of  the  Irish  Catholic 
Benevolent  Union.  He  was  married  May  9th,  1855,  to 
.^nnie  A.  Childs,  daughter  of  John  Childs  and  Mary 
fBingham)  Childs,  formerly  of  Richmond,  Virginia.  She 
died  October  i8lh,  1870,  leaving  issue  of  five  children — 
three  sons  and  two  daughters;  two  other  children  having 
died  in  infancy.  Judge  Dwyer  is  now  in  the  meridian  of 
his  manhood,  and  with  his  acknowledged  energy,  ability 
and  popularity,  we  bespeak  for  him  a distingui.shcd 
future. 


132 


B lOGR  API  I ICAL  EXC  VCLOP.EDI  A. 


' ■‘'/STE,  DAVID  K.,  Judge  of  the  First  Ohio  Judicial 
District,  aud  the  oldest  representative  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati bar,  is  tlie  son  of  Moses  and  Ann  Este, 
of  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  and  was  born  Octo- 
ber 2 1st,  1785.  Captain  Este,  his  father,  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  and 
would  have  died  from  exposure  but  for  the  personal  atten- 
tions of  Colonel  Hamilton,  aide  to  General  Washington,  wlio 
found  him  among  the  dead  and  dying,  and  provided  him 
with  food  and  medical  assistance.  He  was  subsequently 
Collector  of  Revenue  under  President  Adams,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  eighty-four.  David  K.,  his  son,  received  his 
elementary  education  in  his  native  town,  and  entered 
Princeton  College,  where  he  pursued  the  full  course  of 
studies,  and  graduated  with  distinction  in  1803.  In  April, 
1804,  he  commenced  to  read  law  in  the  office  of  Gabriel 
Ford,  Esc].,  at  Morristown,  and  after  thorough  preparation, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Trenton, 
in  May,  iSoS.  He  commenced  practice  in  Morristown  at 
once,  and  after  continuing  there  one  year  as  a lawyer,  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio ; but  with  the  intention  of 
making  his  practice  a very  general  one,  covering  all  the 
courts  in  that  judicial  district,  including  the  United  .States 
District  and  Circuit  Courts  at  Chillicothe,  and  subsequently 
at  Columbus,  he  opened  an  office  in  Hamilton  in  order  to 
be  centrally  located.  In  the  spring  of  1814  he  located  in 
Cincinnati,  and  established  himself  at  the  corner  of  Main 
and  Fifth  streets,  and  by  careful  attention  to  his  business 
and  the  exercise  of  rare  legal  talent,  he  soon  secured  a 
very  large  and  influential  clientage.  In  1S17  he  formed  a 
]rartnership  with  Bellamy  Stowi>i  and  this  business  relation- 
ship continued  until  1821.  In  1830  lie  admitted  Ezekiel 
Haines  to  an  interest  in  his  large  and  increasing  business, 
and  this  partnership  existed  until  Mr.  Este  was  made  Presi- 
dent Judge  of  Hamilton  county,  and  after  the  organization 
of  the  Superior  Court,  in  1837,  he  was  appointed  its  judge. 
Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  the  spring  of  1S45,  he 
retired  from  public  and  professional  life.  His  career  at  the 
bar  and  on  the  bench  was  a distinguished  one.  He  was 
profoundly  read  in  civil  and  criminal  law,  his  knowledge 
of  the  science  being  constantly  improved  by  continuous  re- 
search. He  was  as  indefatigable  a worker  as  a student, 
and  gave  to  all  the  business  intrusted  to  his  care  his  close 
attention.  He  was  especially  forcible  as  a pleader,  and  had 
rare  power  for  the  analyzation  of  evidence  in  order  to  pre- 
sent it  clearly  to  the  jury  and  the  court,  forming  from  it  a 
plain  and  easily  understood  exposition  of  the  continuity  of 
circumstances  involved  in  the  case.  He  was  skilful  in  the 
interpretation  of  the  law,  and  logical  in  his  arguments, 
which  were  models  of  rhetorical  expression.  Plis  decisions 
from  the  bench  were  accepted  as  authority,  and  were  char- 
acterized by  an  entire  absence  of  personal  bias.  He  was 
at  all  times  firm  in  his  support  of  the  integrity  of  the  law. 
These  qualities  won  for  him  the  sincere  respect  of  the  entire 
community,  and  his  retirement  from  professional  duties  was 


regarded  as  a public  loss.  His  career  is  closely  identified  wdth 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Cincinnati.  He  was  zealous 
in  his  efforts  to  secure  public  improvements,  and  to  make 
the  city  attractive,  not  alone  as  a jilace  of  residence,  but  as 
a good  field  for  capitalists,  in  tlie  way  of  increasing  mercan- 
tile and  commercial  traffic.  The  first  building  erected  by 
him  w'as  his  own  residence  on  Main  street.  Subsequently 
he  erected  fourteen  structures  on  the  same  thoroughfare  and 
Ninth  street,  three  on  .Sycamore  street,  and  one  on  Fourth 
street.  In  1858  he  reared  the  handsome  stone  residence  on 
West  Fourth  street,  which  he  now  occupies.  In  the  fall 
of  1819  he  was  married  to  Lucy  Ann,  daughter  of  General 
William  Henry  Harrison.  She  died  in  April,  1826,  having 
been  the  mother  of  four  children,  three  of  whom  died  when 
quite  young.  The  surviving  daughter  became  the  wife  of 
Joseph  Reynolds,  of  Baltimore,  and  died  in  1S69  at  the  age 
of  forty-seven  years,  leaving  seven  children.  In  May, 
1829,  Mr.  Este  married  Louisa  Miller,  daughter  of  Judge 
Wiliiam  Miller,  by  whom  he  had  .seven  children,  four  living 
at  the  present  time.  Judge  Este  is  now  ninety  ye.ars  of  age, 
and  still  takes  a great  interest  in  the  course  of  public  affairs. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  Senior  Warden  of  Christ  Church, 
of  which  he  is  a leading  member. 


AWREXCE,  DANIEL,  Retired  Manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Cumberland  county.  New  Jersey, 
April  7th,  1809,  and  was  the  eldest  child  in  a 
family  of  seven  children,  whose  parents  were 
Jonathan  Lawrence  and  Tamzon  (Massey)  Law- 
rence, both  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  descended 
from  the  early  settlers  of  that  Commonwealth.  His  father, 
who  was  engaged  chiefly  in  farming,  moved  to  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio,  in  1S17,  and  settled  primarily  in  the  place 
now  known  .as  Glendale.  He  died  in  this  county,  October 
22d,  1832.  His  mother’s  decease  occurred  in  May,  1845. 
His  early  education  was  obtained  in  the  log  school-houses 
of  the  frontier  settlements,  which  he  attended  when  not 
busied  in  farm  and  incidental  labor.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
throe,  he  took  the  place  of  his  deceased  father  as  the  head 
of  his  home,  and  for  several  years  managed  by  incessant 
industry  to  maintain  the  family  in  comfortable  circumstances. 
He  was  then  engaged  continuously  in  farming  until  the 
spring  of  1836,  when  he  moved  to  Reading  and  established 
himself  in  the  tanning  business,  which  he  followed  in  the 
same  jdace  until  1871.  In  this  year  he  disposed  of  his  in- 
terest in  the  business  and  invested  his  money  in  real  estate. 
Since  then  he  has  not  been  actively  employed  in  any  enter- 
prise of  a mercantile  character.  Politically,  he  has  been 
successively  a Whig  and' a Republican,  ami  c.ast  his  first 
vote  in  f.xvor  of  John  (luincy  Adams.  Religiously,  his  feel- 
ings incline  him  tow'ard  the  Swedenborgian  Church,  al- 
though his  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the  doctrines  of 
any  particular  denomination.  He  was  married,  November 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOREDIA. 


33 


3d,  1840,  to  Laura  1.  Fosler,  a native  of  Hamilton  county, 
whose  parents  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  State,  her  father  being  one  of  the  first  Judges  of 
the  Territorial  Court;  she  died  in  April,  1865.  He  was 
again  married  in  March,  1866,  to  Mary  P'.  (Cortelyon) 
Woodruff,  a native  of  Plamilton  county,  whose  parents  were 
also  among  the  first  settlei-s  of  that  county.  By  this  mar- 
riage he  has  two  children  : Mary  Elizabeth,  born  October 
nth,  1868,  and  Daniel  Lawrence,  born  January  18th,  1873. 


I’ 


iITTER,  ARTHUR  CARR,  Mechanic,  Farmer 
and  Lawyer,  was  born,  Februaiy  24th,  iSlo,  in 
Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  being  the 
sixth  of  thirteen  children,  whose  parents  were 
Abraham  and  Mary  Ann  (Nicholas)  Ritter.  The 
former  was  a native  of  Hagerstown,  Maryland, 
who  succe.ssively  settled  in  Somerset  and  Westmoreland 
counties,  and  until  he  reached  the  age  of  forty-five  he  fol- 
lowed the  avocation  of  a joiner  and  carpenter.  During  the 
remainder  of  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  farming.  In  1816 
he  went  to  Cincinnati,  making  the  journey  on  the  Ohio 
river  on  a flat-boat,  which  carried  his  family  and  his  house- 
hold effects.  He  resided  two  years  in  Cincinnati,  and  then 
went  on  his  farm  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death,  August  17th,  1828.  He 
served  as  captain  of  a rifle  company  in  the  second  war  with 
Great  Britain,  and  proved  a true  marksman  and  a gallant 
commander.  Prior  to  his  departure  to  Ohio  he  served  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  filling  that  office  for  eight  years.  Pie 
was  unusually  well  read  in  law,  and  performed  the  duties 
of  this  position  with  energy'  and  intelligence.  He  left,  at 
his  death,  thirteen  children,  who  all  inherited  the  marked 
characteristics  of  their  parents,  of  which  longevity  was  one. 
The  members  of  both  the  Ritter  and  Nicholas  families  usually 
attained  a ripe  age,  and  were  all  substantial  citizens  of  the 
communities  in  which  they  resided.  Mrs.  Ritter  was  a 
n.itive  of  Kings  county,  Virginia,  who  emigrated  with  her 
parents  to  Somerset  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  there 
married,  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  to  Abraham.  She  died, 
May  2d,  1872,  at  Sharonville,  Ohio.  The  educational  fa- 
cilities enjoyed  by  Arthur  Carr  Ritter  in  early  life  were  very 
few,  but  this  lacking  was  made  up  by  his  close  application 
to  substantial  text-books  at  home.  He  was  an  industrious 
laborer  when  a youth,  and  when  eighteen  began  the  trade 
of  a carpenter  and  joiner,  which  he  assiduously  followed  for 
thirty-five  years  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county. 
In  1864  he  turned  his  attention  wholly  to  wagon-making 
and  general  mechanical  efforts,  and  closely  applied  himself 
to  this  business  until  1872,  when  he  renounced  the  cares 
of  active  life  and  retired  to  enjoy  the  competency  amassed 
by  his  enterprise,  energy  and  economy.  He  had  not  long 
pursued  the  trade  of  carpentering  before  his  enterprise  and 
mathematical  accuracy  in  making  estimates  and  in  super- 


vising work  secured  him  the  reputation  of  a ma.ster  builder, 
and  large  contracts  were  placed  in  his  hands.  In  the 
period  from  1852  to  1863  he  found  time  fur  the  study  of 
theology,  and  often  preached.  He  is  a fluent  and  eloquent 
speaker,  and  his  sermons  from  the  pulpit  were  very  ef- 
fective. With  an  excellent  knowledge  of  the  law,  he  prac- 
tised for  some  time  with  success,  and  for  five  years  acted  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  In  1862  he  became  identified  with 
the  83d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served 
with  that  command  in  the  dual  capacity  of  soldier  and 
chaplain  for  one  year.  He  is  a member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  has  been  an  active  and  consci- 
entious churchman  since  1846.  In  politics  he  is  a Repub- 
lican, his  first  vote  having  been  cast  for  Andrew  Jackson. 
He  is  a gentleman  of  great  sociability,  and  is  courteous  in 
manner  to  all  who  approach  him.  His  experience  is  a 
great  and  varied  one,  his  life  being  a record  of  ceaseless 
activity,  while  his  knowledge,  gathered  not  alone  from 
books,  though 'he  has  always  been  a close  student,  is  com- 
prehensive in  its  scope.  He  was  married,  July  29th,  1830, 
to  .Sarah,  daughter  of  Samuel  Thompson,  who  descended 
from  Price  Thompson,  a soldier  of  the  Revolution  and  one 
of  the  original  pioneers  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  having 
as  early  as  1 790  settled  in  Sycamore  township,  on  a section 
of  land  belonging  to  the  celebrated  purchase. 


ORBERT,  JAMES  I>.,  was  born  in  Bucks  county, 
Pennsylvania,  February  25th,  1796.  He  received 
his  education  at  Princeton  College,  and  came  to 
Ohio  in  1818  and  taught  for  some  years  in  an 
academy  at  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  having 
under  his  instruction  several  who  have  since  be- 
come men  of  great  distinction  in  various  walks  of  life, 
among  them  the  great  astronomer.  General  O.  M.  Mitchell, 
who  founded  the  Observatory  at  Cincinnati.  He  cairre  to 
Springfield  in  the  autumn  of  1824,  and  for  several  years 
was  engaged  in  teaching  the  languages,  and  afterwards, 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  was  associated  with  Gen- 
eral Sampson  Mason  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  succeeded 
Joseph  R.  Swan  as  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
for  the  Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Ohio,  and  was  also  Pro- 
bate Judge  for  Clark  county  for  several  years.  He  was  a 
man  of  amiable  disposition,  deep  religious  convictions  and 
of  the  purest  integrity  of  character.  His  scholastic  attain- 
ments were  of  the  highest  order,  and  his  literary  taste  was 
very  fine.  He  was  a trran  of  the  most  retiring  and  unob- 
trusive irrodesty,  yet  firnr  and  immovable  by  love  and 
popular  favor,  or  fear  of  man,  in  his  devotion  to  u hat  he 
regarded  as  the  right  and  truth.  He  lifted  up  his  voice 
and  wielded  his  pen  at  an  early  date  against  op]rressiotr, 
when  no  small  amount  of  cour-age  was  requisite  to  maintairr 
his  views,  but  which  have  sirrce  become  popular.  General 
Sampson  Mason,  who  was  a man  rrever  superlative  of 


134 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


praise,  spoke  of  him  at  a meeting  of  the  Springfield  bar, 
convened  to  pass  resolutions  of  sympathy  and  respect,  as 
one  whom  no  mode  of  praise  could  flatter.  He  died  sud- 
denly, May  15th,  1859,  on  the  steamer  “ Tecumseh,”  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  near  New  Madrid,  Missouri,  on  the  pas- 
sage up  from  New  Orleans,  where  he  had  gone  \tdth  his 
wife  to  bring  liome  their  eldest  son,  who  had  been  sick  for 
a long  time  in  that  city.  He  was  buried  with  every  mark 
of  affection  and  esteem  from  the  bar  and  community.  He 
married,  July  31st,  1821,  Hannah  C.,  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
C.  Winans,  of  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  Ohio,  and  with  her 
liad  eight  children,  five  of  whom  survive  him,  two  sons  and 
three  daughters. 


Si 


gD 


OORMAN,  CHRISTIAN  L.,  Secretary,  Treasurer 
and  General  Manager  of  the  Bellaire  Manufac- 
turing Company,  was  born  in  Mechanicsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  October  2Sth,  1825.  His  parents 
also  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father 
was  a carpenter.  He  attended  school  in  his 
native  State  until  1834,  when  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  where  he  again  attended  school 
until  183S.  He  then  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
and  resided  there  until  1846,  during  that  time  learning  the 
trade  of  cabinetmaker  under  John  McGrew,  and  working 
for  a brief  period  also  as  journeyman,  while  attending  a 
night-school  in  his  leisure  hours.  In  1846  he  settled  at 
Wheeling,  where  he  worked  as  a journeyman  at  cabinet- 
making until  1850.  He  then  removed  to  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  and  labored  as  a builder  and  house  carpenter  until 
1858,  when,  after  having  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  he 
was  elected  Auditor  of  the  county,  and  re-elected  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term.  In  1861  he  filled  this  office  by 
deputy  and  entered  the  army  of  the  United  States  as  Cap- 
tain in  the  43d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  for  which 
body  he  had  recruited  a company.  He  remained  in  active 
service  until  July,  1862,  when  he  was  detailed  on  recruiting 
service.  Subsequently  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  98  h Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  with  that 
body  look  part  in  the  battle  of  Perryville,  in  October,  1S62, 
in  which  engagement  Colonel  Webster  was  killed  and  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  same  regiment, 
and  remained  in  active  service  with  it  until  the  command 
was  reduced  to  180  men,  when,  in  the  fall  of  1863,  he 
resigned  his  position.  He  then  returned  to  his  home  and 
took  a prominent  part  in  the  political  campaign  of  1863. 
I.ater,  he  installed  himself  in  the  editorial  chair  of  the 
Be.'mont  Chronicle,  which  he  had  purchased  in  1861,  and 
controlled  its  publication  from  the  fall  of  1863  until  it  was 
sold,  in  1870.  He  finally  removed  to  Bellaire,  and  organ- 
ized the  Bellaire  Manufacturing  Company,  over  whose 
affairs  he  presided  as  President  and  Superintendent  until 
1873.  Since  this  date  he  has  acted  as  Secretary,  Treasurer 
and  General  Manager  of  the  company,  which  controls  an 


extensive  and  flourishing  business  in  reapers  and  threshing- 
machines.  He  is  quite  an  inventor,  and  has  made  several 
important  improvements  in  reapers  and  threshing-machines, 
among  which  may  be  named  a combined  reaper  and  har- 
vester, which  may  be  used  as  a side-delivery  reaper  or  a 
harvester,  upon  which  the  binders  ride  to  bind;  an  adjust- 
able reel  for  harvesters ; an  improvement  in  horse-powers, 
and  an  adjustable  side-rest  for  threshing-machines.  While 
'holding  the  office  of  Auditor  he  studied  law,  and  after  at- 
tending a course  of  lectures  received  his  diploma  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  College.  Subsequently,  while  editing  the 
Chronicle,  he  practised  his  profession  for  a time,  meeting 
with  fair  success  as  a lawyer,  until  he  concluded  to  turn  his 
attention  to  a business  more  in  harmony  with  his  tastes.  At 
the  present  time  he  is  a member  of  the  City  Council  of 
Bellaire.  His  more  prominent  characteristics  are  energy, 
integrity  and  a comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  require- 
ments of  business  and  public  life.  He  was  married,  April 
1st,  1846,  to  Martha  Ebberl,  of  Wellsburg,  West  Virginia. 


ROWN,  WILLIAM  P.,  senior  partner  of  the  firm 
of  Brown  Brothers,  Abstractors  of  Titles  and 
General  Land  and  Loan  Agents,  was  born  in 
Circleville,  Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  March  25th, 
1842.  On  the  maternal  side  he  is  a grandson 
of  John  Cail  Scott,  of  Alexandiia,  Virginia,  one 
of  the  numerous  descendants  of  the  Rev.  James  Scott,  of 
Prince  W’illiam  county.  On  the  paternal  side  he  is  a grand- 
son of  John  Brown  and  Elizabeth  Hutchins,  of  Norfolk, 
Virginia.  His  parents  were  William  Ballard  Brown,  an 
agriculturist  of  Pickaway  and  Franklin  counties,  and  Jane 
(Scott)  Brown.  I lis  earlier  education  was  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  located  near  his  home,  and  at  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  graduated  from  the  High  School  of  Colum- 
bus, and  devoted  the  two  succeeding  years  to  teaching 
school.  F'rom  1S62  to  1866  he  served  in  the  capacity  of 
Assistant  Engineer  for  the  city  of  Columbus,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time  was  elected  Surveyor  of  Franklin 
county.  This  office  he  held  for  a period  of  six  years,  while 
his  thorough  performance  of  the  duties  attached  to  the  sur- 
veyorship  gave  a lasting  direction  to  his  aims  and  energies, 
and  was  also  instrumental  in  fitting  him  for  the  profession 
in  which  he  was  afterward  engaged.  Being  joined  by  his 
brother,  in  1S69,  they  established  the  business  in  which  he 
is  stiil  an  active  worker,  under  the  firm-style  of  Brown 
Brothers.  Beginning  their  business  career  on  a compara- 
tively limited  basis,  the  brothers  have,  by  steady  application 
and  integrity  in  all  their  dealings,  established  the  largest 
connections  of  any  othc  house  of  the  kind  in  the  State, 
requiring  an  extensive  investment  of  capital.  The  exami- 
nation of  old  land  claims  they  have  attended  to  as  a 
specialty,  and  in  this  line  their  relations  extend  into  many 
States,  East  and  West.  In  connection  with  their  business 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


135 


of  abstracting  they  have  introduced  the  negotiation  of  loans 
on  first  mortgage  security,  and  by  their  extensive  acquaint- 
ance with  titles  and  persons,  and  their  very  conservative 
manner  of  business,  are  building  up  the  most  extensive  loan 
agency  for  the  investment  of  trust  funds  in  central  Ohio. 
He  was  married,  April  30th,  1S73,  Louisa  IL,  a grand- 
daughter of  Balser  Hess,  the  highly  respected  pioneer 
family  of  Clinton  township,  Franklin  county,  Ohio. 


ROWX,  JAMES  FINLEY,  partner  of  the  firm 
of  Brown  Brothers,  Abstractors  of  Titles  and 
Commissioners  of  Deeds,  brother  of  William  P. 
Brown,  the  senior  partner  before  mentioned,  was 
born  in  Circleville,  Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  Feb- 
ruary 4th,  1848.  He  was  educated  at  the  com- 
mon schools  of  Columbus,  and  subsequently,  from  1867  to 
1869,  was  a .student  in  the  Yirginia  Military  Institute.  In 
1869  he  became  associated  with  his  brother  in  the  business 
which,  since  sustained  by  them,  is  now  of  such  a vast 
extent. 


USE,  ALEXANDER  B.,  M.  D.,  the  oldest  of  nine 
children  whose  parents  were  Robert  Fuse  and 
Mary  (Jones)  Luse,  was  born  in  Butler  county, 
Ohio,  I'ebruary  4th,  1809.  His  father,  a native 
of  New  Jersey,  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
through  life ; after  removing  to  Washington 
county’,  Pennsylvania,  he  remained  there  for  several  years, 
and  in  1806  came  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  settling  ultimately 
near  that  city,  on  the  I.ittle  Miami  river.  Later,  he  re- 
moved to  Butler  county,  Ohio,  and  settled  on  a farm  near 
Reily,  in  that  county,  and  in  1814  moved  seven  miles  dis- 
tant, into  Indiana,  where  he  remained  until  his  decease. 
Throughout  his  career  he  was  more  or  less  extensively 
connected  with  public  affairs,  and  for  a number  of  years 
officiated  as  Justice  of  the  Peace.  His  mother,  also  a native 
of  New  Jersey,  died  in  Franklin  county,  Indiana,  in  1866. 
His  early  education  was  limited,  and  received  at  the  com- 
mon schools  located  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  he  began  life 
on  his  own  resources  as  a farm  laborer.  While  in  his 
twentieth  year  he  began  the  reading  of  medicine,  under  the 
instruction  of  William  McGill,  M.  D.,  a well-known  prac- 
titioner of  Hamilton  county,  with  whom  he  continued  his 
medical  studies  for  a period  of  three  years.  During  this 
time  he  attended  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  of 
Cincinnati,  and  in  1832  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Mount  Pleasant,  where  he  has  since  been  suc- 
cessfully engaged.  Politically,  he  is  attached  to  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and,  religiously,  is  a member  of  the  Christian 
Church,  in  which  he  has  been  for  twenty  years  a zealous 


deacon.  He  was  married  in  1834  to  Hannah  Hill,  a 
native  of  Hamilton  county,  and  daughter  of  Samuel  Hill, 
one  of  the  earlier  pioneers  and  settlers  of  this  section  of  the 
State;  she  died  in  1S43,  leaving  issue  of  three  children. 
He  was  again  married  in  1847  to  Jemima  Hunt,  a native 
of  Plamilton  county,  Ohio,  with  whom  he  is  now  living. 


ILLIAMSON,  DAVID,  Edge  Tool  Maker,  was 
born  on  the  6th  of  June,  1808,  in  Hunterdon 
county,  New  Jersey.  He  comes  of  Revolutionary 
stock,  his  father,  John  Williamson,  having  served 
under  Generals  Greene  and  Washington,  in  the 
Revolutionary  army  and  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Trenton.  On  the  father's  side  David  was  descended 
from  the  earliest  settlers  of  Manhattan  Island,  and  on  the 
mother’s  side  was  of  English  descent.  When  the  boy  was 
three  years  old  his  father  emigrated  to  what  was  then  the 
far  West,  and  with  his  family  settled  in  Colerain  township, 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  The  first  efforts  of  the  pioneer 
were  directed  towards  developing  a farm  in  the  forest. 
Trees  were  felled,  stumps  uprooted  and  all  the  toil  incident 
to  a new  settlement  in  those  days  undertaken  and  gone 
through  with  ; and  the  result  was  a pleasant  and  comfort- 
able home  evoked  from  the  wilderness  in  a very  short  time. 
The  pioneer’s  sons  were  all  stalwart,  muscular  boys,  and  with 
their  aid  the  father  accomplished  results  that  at  first  thought 
would  seem  impossible.  In  the  midst  of  such  experiences  and 
surroundings  young  David  grew  up.  So  far  as  school  op- 
portunities were  concerned  his  educational  advantages  were 
limited;  but  of  the  education  that  comes  with  hard  work, 
self-reliance,  contact  with  nature  and  with  natural  men,  he 
had  his  full  share,  and  profited  by  it  to  the  utmost.  In 
1825,  in  accordance  with  his  own  desire,  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  the  trade  of  edge-tool  making  in  Cincinnati.  He 
learned  his  trade,  and,  as  might  be  expected,  he  learned  it 
thoroughly,  becoming  a most  finished  mechanic.  Even 
now  among  the  old  settlers  may  be  found  many  a favorite 
old  axe  bearing  his  stamp.  He  has  never,  in  the  course  of 
his  life,  held  any  public  office,  but  was  always  active  and 
prominent  in  the  ranks  of  the  old  Whig  party,  and  still 
ranks  himself  as  a Henry  Clay  Whig.  When  he  was 
twenty-five  years  old  he  married  Elizabeth  Huston,  daugh- 
ter of  Paul  Huston,  an  early  settler  and  thriving  farmer  of 
Hamilton  county.  Of  this  marriage  four  children,  two 
sons  and  two  daughters,  were  the  result.  A notable  event 
occurred  in  the  life  of  the  eldest  son,  Paul  IL,  in  the  year 
1858.  In  that  year  he  started  with  an  emigrant  train  for 
California,  going  over  the  plains  and  mountains  by  an  en- 
tirely unexplored  route.  The  train  was  attacked  by  the 
Indians  and  most  of  the  party  were  massacred.  Young 
Williamson  escaped  and  returned  to  the  States,  making  the 
entire  trip  on  foot,  and  arriving  safely  at  home.  He  is  now 


BIOGRAnilCAL  EN'CVCLOIVEDIA. 


136 

Recorder  of  Hamilton  County.  The  youngest  son,  Albert, 
has  been  quite  prominent  in  the  real  estate  business,  and  is 
now  first  Deputy  in  his  brother’s  office. 


^UMMINGS,  SAMUEL,  Machinist,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  November  i6th, 
1809.  His  father  was  an  Irish  Protestant  and 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  country.  His  mother 
was  born  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  was  of 
English  origin.  At  the  age  of  seven  young 
Cummings  left  home  and  commenced  life  for  himself. 
Much  of  the  journey  afoot,  and  with  no  ordinary  hard- 
ships, he  made  his  way  from  his  home  in  Philadelphia  to 
Pittsburgh.  After  trying  several  things  unsuccessfully  until 
his  fourteenth  year,  he  went  over  to  Pirminghani  and  was 
regularly  indentured  to  James  Patterson  to  learn  the  lock 
and  whitesmithing  trade.  His  father  had  now  been  some 
time  dead,  and  his  mother  had  removed  to  Pittsburgh. 
M’ith  some  exciting  adventures  he  managed  to  move 
smoothly  on,  and,  by  the  time  he  was  twenty  years  of  age, 
had  learned  his  trade,  obtained  a passable  education  and 
discharged  all  the  obligations  of  his  indenture.  He  now 
commenced  work  as  a journeyman  for  his  former  employer, 
at  a dollar  a day,  which  was  fine  wages  for  the  times.  He 
also  began  a course  of  rigid  self-culture,  which  he  kept  up 
for  years.  La  the  course  of  the  first  year’s  labor  he  man- 
aged to  save  $200.  And  a notable  fact  is  that  this  really 
became  the  nucleus  of  his  fortune,  and  at  no  time  after  did 
lie  ever  have  less  than  the  $200.  Now,  after  making  a trip 
to  different  parts  of  the  country,  with  a view  to  bettering 
his  condition,  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh  and  resumed  work 
for  Mr.  Patterson,  and  was  soon  after  married  to  his 
daughter,  Sarah.  Soon  after  his  marriage  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati,  and  immediately  commenced  work  in  the  lirass 
foundry  of  John  Tatem.  In  1S32  his  young  wife  fell  a 
victim  to  the  cholera.  After  this  great  misfortune,  being 
discouraged,  and  the  terrible  malady  having  prostr.ated  the 
business  of  the  city,  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh;  but  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year  he  again  began  business  in  Cincinnati. 
He  now  commenced  for  himself,  in  connection  with  Messrs. 
Parker  & Alexander.  He  soon  found  it  to  his  advantage 
to  withdraw  from  this  partnership  and  become  an  employe 
in  the  same  house.  This  was  the  old  brass  foundiy  and 
machine  shop  of  W.  G.  Berry.  The  manufacture  of  locks 
was  now  becoming  a more  important  interest  in  the  West ; 
and  having  become  acquainted  with  a valuable  new  lock, 
manufactured  in  Cincinnati,  he  went  to  Pittsburgh,  where 
he  remained  several  years  and  established  his  father-in-law 
in  the  manufacture  of  this  lock.  He  now  returned  per- 
manently to  Cincinnati  and  commenced  business  in  the  old 
P'ront  street  shop,  with  Mr.  Alexander  as  his  partner. 
Alexander  soon  after  dying,  the  business  was  left  entirely 
to  him.  By  careful,  judicious  management  and  honest 


dealings  with  his  customers,  his  trade  soon  became  exten- 
sive and  valuable.  After  some  changes  and  a continued 
prosperity  he  finally  admitted  his  son,  Patterson,  with  a 
partnership  interest,  under  the  firm-name  of  Samuel  Cum- 
mings & Son.  Eor  the  first  twenty  years  the  busine.ss  of 
this  house  was  mainly  in  brass  work  and  in  the  building 
of  fire  engines  and  light  machinery.  It  is  now  almost 
wholly  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fire  hydrants,  light 
machinery  and  stop-valves  for  water-works,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  safely  conducted  and  reputable  establishments  of 
its  kind  in  the  country.  In  1850  he  purchased  property  in 
Newport,  Kentucky,  and  has  since  been  a resident  of  that 
State.  He  soon  became  interested  in  the  civil  affairs  of 
Newport.  He  was  elected  President  of  the  City  Council 
of  Newport  in  1S69.  In  1871  he  was  re-elected,  serving 
in  all  four  years.  During  his  last  term  he  inaugurated  the 
movement  for  the  construction  of  the  Newport  Water-works. 
To  him,  more  than  any  man,  are  the  people  of  Newport, 
doubtless,  indebted  for  their  fine  water-works  and  the 
rejection  of  the  Holly  experiment.  Since  retiring  from  his 
position  in  the  city  government,  in  1873,  interested 

himself  in  the  affairs  of  his  own  home  and  business.  In 
1838  he  was  married  to  Eliza  Mason,  who  died  of  con- 
sumption in  1867.  In  1S72  he  married  the  widow  of  Mar- 
maduke  Doddsworlh.  Mr.  Cummings’  career  is  a remark- 
able one.  He  certainly  ranks  pre-eminently  as  a self-made 
man.  He  is  to-day  a fine  specimen  of  a well-preserved 
man,  with  an  ample  fortune,  the  work  of  his  own  hands, 
and  a reputation  of  which  he  may  justly  be  proud. 


ffUTTLE,  HON.  GEORGE  M.,  I.awyer  and  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  was  born,  June 
19th,  1S15,  in  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  and 
is  a son  of  liri  and  Harriet  (Philliiis)  Tuttle,  for- 
merly of  that  section.  His  father  was  a farmer 
by  occupation  both  in  Connecticut  and  in  Ohio. 
George  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  being  educated  in  the 
excellent  New  England  common  schools,  and  also  attended 
the  academy,  but,  the  means  of  his  parents  being  limited, 
he  had  to  forego  the  collegiate  course,  and  he  owes  the 
main  part  of  his  education  to  his  own  persevering  exertions 
and  studious  habits.  He  commenced  the  study  of  the  law 
in  the  spring  of  1837,  in  the  office  of  Governor  William  S. 
Hollibird,  at  Winsted,  Connecticut,  and  in  1841,  having 
meanwhile  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  his  father 
\\ith  his  family  having  removed  to  that  .State  two  years 
previously.  He  continued  there  until  the  beginning  of 
1844,  when  he  removed  to  Warren.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  President  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
which  position  he  most  ably  filled  and  for  which  he  was 
most  eminently  qualified  ; he  here  gained  an  enviable  repu- 
tation with  the  bar  of  Ohio.  In  order,  however,  to  devote 


PuA>.  C9 


lUOGRArillCAL  LNCVCLOr.LDIA. 


137 


himself  exclusively  lo  the  ]iractice  of  his  profession,  he  re- 
signed his  office,  January  I'-t,  1872.  In  1S73  he  was  chosen 
to  represent  his  district  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
Ohio,  over  which  the  present  Chief-Justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  was  then  the  presiding  officer.  This 
convention  was  composed  of  the  leading  men  of  the  State, 
and  many  of  the  best  minds  of  Ohio  took  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedings. Judge  Tuttle  acted  on  several  of  the  most  im- 
portant committees,  and  was  prominent  in  all  its  councils 
during  its  entire  session  of  a year  and  a day.  He  is  still 
in  the  vigor  of  manhood,  and  enjoys  an  extensive  and  lu- 
crative practice.  He  was  married  in  1852  to  Julia,  daughter 
of  Jeremiah  Sullivan,  of  Warren,  Trumbull  county,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 


ILSOX,  MOSES  FLEMING,  Lawyer,  was  born 
on  the  loih  of  September,  1839,  in  Franklin, 
Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  is  of  Irish  descent, 
his  ancestors  having  come  to  this  country  from 
county  Antrim,  Ireland.  His  maternal  grand- 
father, Colonel  John  Bigger,  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Warren  county,  Ohio,  while  his  paternal 
ancestors  settled  in  Dauphin  county,  Pennsylvania.  His 
father  removed  from  Pennsylvania  to  Warren  county  in 
1830.  In  184.7,  "’hen  Moses  was  eight  years  old,  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Cincinnati.  Here  he  went 
through  the  course  of  study  at  the  common  schools  of  the 
city,  and  in  due  lime  entered  the  Hughes  High  .School,  of 
that  city,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1857.  He 
then  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  Twelfth  District  School  in 
Cincinnati,  and  continued  in  that  occupation  until  i860. 
In  that  year  he  entered  the  freshman  class  in  Princeton 
College.  After  a year  passed  at  Princeton  he  entered  the 
Miami  University,  where  he  remained  another  year.  In 
the  month  of  August,  1862,  he  entered  the  land  office  of 
Taft  & Perry,  and  in  the  month  of  October  following  he 
matriculated  at  the  Law  School  of  the  Cincinnati  College. 
He  graduated  EL.  B.  in  April,  1864,  and  in  the  succeed- 
ing month  of  May  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati.  In  November, 
1866,  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
Hamilton  County,  which  position  he  held  until  January, 
1869.  In  the  month  of  April  in  that  year  he  was  a candi- 
date on  the  Independent  ticket  for  the  position  of  Prose- 
cuting .Attorney  of  the  Police  Court.  He  was  successful  in  * 
the  contest,  and  achieved  the  position,  which  he  held  until 
April,  1871.  After  leaving  the  office  he  devoted  his  whole 
lime  and  attention  to  his  private  practice.  On  the  1st  of  , 
November,  1871,  he  associated  in  partnership  with  Hon.  I 
Ozra  J.  Dodds,  under  the  firm-name  of  Dodds  & Wilson. 
In  the  month  of  .April,  1872,  he  was  elected  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  from  the  Twentieth  Ward,  and 
held  the  position  for  two  years.  In  June,  1873, 
elected  one  of  the  Board  of  .Managers  of  the  Public  Library 
18 


of  Cincinnati  for  a term  of  three  years.  Several  limes  he 
has  been  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  the  city  to  fill  tem- 
porarily the  office  of  Police  Judge.  Altogether  his  life, 
thus  far,  has  been  an  actively  busy  one,  characterized  by 
energy,  industry,  labor  well  directed  and  prosperity  well 
earned. 

ANFORD,  HON.  LORENZO,  Member  of  Con- 
gress, was  born  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  on 
October  l8th,  1829,  his  father  coming  from  the 
same  county,  and  his  mother  from  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania.  The  former  was  a promi- 
nent farmer,  and  held  several  offices  of  trust,  the 
duties  of  which  he  discharged  with  intelligence  and  fidelity. 

' Lorenzo  attended  the  common  schools,  and  llnished  his 
education  at  Waynesburg,  Pennsylvania.  When  twenty- 
three  years  of  age  he  began  lo  read  law  at  St.  Clairsville, 
under  Carlo  C.  Carroll,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1854.  In  1856  he  entered  the  political  arena  as  a Whig, 
, and  suiiported  P'illmore  for  the  Presidency,  and  was  upon 
the  Stale  electoral  ticket.  Afterwards  he  affiliated  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  has  ever  since  acted  with  it.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Belmont 
' County,  and  was  re-elected  in  1859,  vacating  the  office  in 
1861,  prior  to  the  exjiiration  of  his  term,  to  join  the  army. 
He  enlisted  as  a jirivate  in  the  17th  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, for  three  months’  service,  and  was  mustered  out  in 
■ .August  following.  He  returned  home  and  assisted  in 
raising  a company  for  the  15th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
of  wdiich  he  was  elected  Second-Lieutenant.  In  1862  he 
W'as  promoted  to  the  First-Lieutenancy,  and  then  to  the 
position  of  Cajitain,  w hich  he  resigned,  August  ist,  1864, 
on  account  of  ill  health.  He  was  active  and  influential  in 
his  support  of  Lincoln  in  i860  and  1864,  and  was  one  of 
the  electoral  delegation  from  Ohio  which  gave  the  vote  of 
that  State  to  Mr.  Lincoln.  In  October,  1872,  he  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  Forty-third  Con- 
gress from  the  Sixteenth  Ohio  District,  his  opponent  having 
been  C.  L.  Poorman,  who  ran  as  a Liberal  Republican. 
In  1874  he  was  re-elected,  his  opponent  having  been  on 
this  occasion  H.  Boyle.  Mr.  Danford  is  the  successor  of 
Hon.  John  A.  Bingham,  and  has  served  the  interests  of  his 
constituency  and  the  people  at  large  with  distinguished 
ability.  He  has  a wdde  reputation  as  a lawyer  of  great 
learning  and  skill,  and  as  an  orator  his  speeches  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  as  well  as  his  addresses  to  the 
bench,  evince  an  ability  for  trenchant  argument  possessed 
by  few  men.  He  is  deserving  of  the  credit  and  esteem 
accorded  him  for  his  successful  career,  as  it  is  the  result 
of  constantly  exercised  energy  directed  by  noble  purposes. 
On  October  7th,  1858,  he  was  married  to  Annie  If.  Cook, 
of  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  who  died,  October  24tli,  1867, 
On  October  27th,  1870,  he  was  married  lo  Mary  M.  Adams, 
of  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOICKDIA. 


'38 


ENNEDV,  JAMES  CHARLES,  M.  D.,  was  boin 
in  Butler  county,  Pennsylvania,  P'ebruary  iitb, 
1S09.  He  was  the  fourth  chihl  in  a family  of 
eight  children,  whose  parents  were  Robert  Ken- 
nedy and  Margaret  (White)  Kennedy.  His 
father,  a native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, followed  through  life  agricultural  pursuits.  He 
moved  to  Ohio  in  181 1 and  settled  in  Brown  county,  on  a 
farm  near  Georgetown.  He  was  noted  as  an  intelligent 
and  public-spirited  citizen,  and  fur  a number  of  years  held 
the  office  of  Magistrate.  His  decease  occurred  in  1849. 
His  mother,  also  a native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, was  a daughter  of  Thomas  White,  a captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  army.  His  ancestors  on  both  sides  of  the 
house  were  likewise  identified  with  the  cause  of  the  patriots. 
Until  he  had  attained  his  majority  he  assisted  his  father  in 
the  farm  labors,  having  in  the  meantime  secured  a limited 
education  by  attending,  through  the  winter  months,  the 
sessions  of  a country  school.  In  1829  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  Ivdward  New- 
ton, at  Felicity,  Clermont  county,  and  pursued  his  studies 
assiduously  until  1832.  In  this  year  he  entered  on  the 
(iractice  of  his  profession,  and,  with  the  exception  of  two 
winters,  was  subsequently  occupied  by  professional  labors 
in  Felicity  until  1854.  During  the  winters  of  1837-38, 
however,  he  attended  a course  of  lectures  at  the  Medical 
College  of  Ohio,  graduating  from  that  institution.  In  1S54 
he  settled  in  Batavia,  and  h.as  since  resided  there,  engaged 
in  the  control  of  a practice  at  once  extensive  and  lucrative. 
He  has  uniformly  avoided  offices  of  apolitical  nature,  but 
in  1847  was  elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and 
served  with  this  body  for  one  term.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  committee  appointed  by  the  Ohio  Legislature  to  escort 
the  remains  of  General  T.  L.  Hamer,  who  died  of  disease 
contracted  on  the  field  in  Mexico.  He  has  always  mani- 
fested a generous  and  intelligent  interest  in  educational  and 
public  enterprises,  and  has  contributed  to  various  medical 
journals  many  articles,  several  of  which  have  elicited 
special  attention  from  the  leading  men  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession. Politically,  he  is  an  inflexible  Democrat  of  the 
Jackson  school.  He  was  baptized  in  the  Methodist  Church, 
but  his  present  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the  doctrines 
of  any  particular  church. 


cGILL,  STEWART,  Agriculturist,  was  born  near 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  February  iSth,  17S8,  and 
was  the  oldest  of  eight  children,  whose  parents 
were  Neill  McGill  and  Elizabeth  (Larrison) 
McGill.  The  former,  a native  of  county  Antrim, 
near  Belfast,  Ireland,  was  engaged  through  life 
in  school-teaching  and  surveying,  and  while  still  a young 
man  emigrated  to  America.  He  sympathized  with  the 
colonies  in  their  resistance  to  the  rule  of  Great  Britain,  and 


took  an  active  part  in  common  with  the  insurgent  patriots. 
While  the  Hessians  were  in  winter-quarters  at  Trenton, 
prior  to  their  capture  by  General  Washington,  they  made  a 
descent  on  his  property,  and  appropriated  to  their  own  uses 
his  cattle  and  other  valuable  possessions.  He  died  in  Hun- 
terdon county.  New  Jersey,  in  1814,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
two  years.  His  mother  was  a native  of  New  Jersey  and 
daughter  of  Rodger  Larrison,  an  active  participant  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  She  died  in  1823.  His  earlier  edu- 
cation was  limited,  and  received  at  the  common  schools 
located  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home.  While  in  his 
twelfth  year  he  went  to  live  with  Judge  John  Corryell,  of 
Hunterdon  county.  New  Jersey,  with  whom  he  remained 
for  about  three  years,  during  this  time  attending  school  for 
a term  of  three  months  or  more.  He  subsequently  worked 
for  three  years  as  an  apprentice  under  Luke  Hebdon,  of 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  at  the  shoemaking  tiade,  afterward 
opening  a .shoe-shop  at  Lambertville,  New  Jersey,  where 
he  engaged  also  in  harness-making ; he  remained  there 
through  the  ensuing  year.  Up  to  1811  he  worked  in  New 
Jersey  and  in  New  York  city,  removing  later  to  Ohio, 
where,  July  3d,  iSii,  he  settled  finally  in  Colcrain  town- 
ship, Hamilton  county.  He  travelled  west  on  foot  through 
Pennsylvania  to  Pittsburgh,  and  thence  on  a flat-boat  to 
Cincinnati,  where  he  landed  July  2d.  The  battle  of  Tip- 
pecanoe, in  the  second  war  with  England,  had  been  fought, 
and  becoming  imbued  with  the  prevaletit  popular  excite- 
ment he  entered  the  volunteer  service  in  1812,  under  the 
command  of  General  Hull,  and  was  taken  prisoner  at  the 
time  of  that  officer’s  surrender  at  Detroit.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  a few  weeks  he  was  released  on  parole,  and  returned 
to  his  home  in  Hamilton  county,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided, occupied  mostly  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1821-22 
he  served  as  constable  and  assessor  of  chattel  property,  and 
in  1823  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  office  he 
held  for  nine  years.  He  also  held  at  various  times  the 
offices  of  trustee.  Township  Clerk  and  Assessor  of  Real 
Estate  for  Colerain  and  Springfield  Townships.  In  1824 
he  was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  .School  and  Ministerial 
Funds  of  his  township,  which  office  he  held  for  twenty- 
five  years.  In  1838  he  was  elected  a director  in  the  Cole- 
rain,  Oxford  & Brookville  Turnpike  Company,  whose  road 
was  then  in  the  course  of  construction.  In  1840  he  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  said  company,  which  position  he  held, 
with  the  exception  of  a year  or  two,  until  November,  1865. 
Upon  retiring  from  said  position  the  committee  (consisting 
of  the  president,  secretary  and  one  other  director)  appointed 
to  settle  his  accounts  passed  a resolution  expressing  their 
satisfaction  that  in  “ accounts  extending  over  a period  of 
nearly  a quarter  of  a century,  and  amounting  to  several 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  no  discrepancy  had  ever  ap- 
peared, nor  had  a single  dime  ever  been  unaccounted  for.” 
He  h.as  also  settled  the  estates  of  more  deceased  persons 
than  any  other  man  in  his  part  of  the  county.  Politically, 
he  is  attached  to  the  Republican  party;  he  cast  his  first 


3P 

r 


*• 


i 

•I* 


E - 


s . 


I 


k.* 


f. 


; 1 


i 


/ i 

\ 

•" 

-If 


J 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


139 


vote  for  President  for  James  Monroe.  In  1824  he  voted 
for  John  Quincy  Adams.  In  1826  or  ’27  he  became  a 
strong  Jackson  man  and  took  a leading  part  in  organizing 
the  Jackson  or  Democratic  party  in  Colerain  township,  and 
was  a delegate  to  the  first  convention  held  by  that  party  in 
Hamilton  countv.  He  voted  for  Oeneial  Jackson  in  1828, 
and  again  in  1832.  But  in  1833,  not  approving  the  course 
General  Jackson  had  taken,  he  left  the  Democratic  and 
joined  the  Whig  party,  to  which  he  adhered  until  it  died, 
after  which  he  became  a Republican.  In  his  younger  days 
he  took  an  active  part  in  politics,  although  he  never  sought 
office.  In  1833  he  was  nominated  as  a candidate  lor 
County  Commissioner,  but  was  defeated  by  a fevv^  votes. 
In  1836  the  Whigs  nominated  him  for  the  Legislature,  but 
he  was  not  elected.  He  was  nominated  several  times 
afterwards  for  the  same  office,  sometimes  accepting  and  at 
others  declining  to  be  a candidate;  but  as  his  party  was  in 
the  minority  he  never  was  elected.  He  was  married,  Oc- 
tober 5th,  1823,  to  Sarah  Johnson,  widow  of  Alexander 
Johnson  and  daughter  of  Elias  Hedges,  an  early  settler 
from  Morris  county.  New  Jersey,  who  settled  at  Dunlap’s 
•Station,  on  the  Big  Miami  river,  Hamilton  county,  in  1805, 
by  whom  he  has  had  three  children,  two  of  whom  are  still 
living,  a son  and  daughter.  He  lost  his  wife  in  April, 
1854,  and  has  never  married  again  ; his  son,  Amzi  McGill, 
has  been  twice  elected  a member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  Ohio,  and  has  served  one  term  as  County 
Commi.ssioner  of  Hamilton  County,  Ohio,  and  has  held 
various  other  tiusts  of  greater  or  less  importance.  He  has 
always  been  a veiy  industrious  and  temperate  man  in  all 
respects,  and  now  at  the  age  of  nearly  eighty-eight  years 
enjoys  good  health  and  sound  mental  faculties. 


ILSON,  J.AMES  K.,  .Architect,  is  a native  of  Cin- 
cinnati, where  he  was  born  on  the  nth  of  April, 
1828.  Early  exhibiting  a decided  talent  for 
drawing,  his  father  (then  a merchant  of  Phila- 
delphia) was  induced  to  remove  him  from  Dr. 
Crawford’s  school  and  to  place  him  with  Mr. 
Charles  H.  Mountain,  then  a prominent  architect  of  the 
Quaker  City.  With  Mr.  Mountain,  and  subsequently  with 
•Mr.  Martin  E.  Thompson,  of  New  York,  and  with  Mr. 
James  Renwick,  also  of  New  York,  he  continued  till  1S47, 
when  a year’s  residence  in  Europe  completed  his  profes- 
sional studies.  Returning  from  Europe  in  the  spring  of 
1848  he  immediately  sought  out  his  native  city,  at  once  es- 
tablished himself  in  an  excellent  practice,  and  in  1852  was 
married  to  Yirginia  Keys,  of  Cincinnati.  In  1858  he  again 
visited  Europe,  and  from  that  to  the  present  time  has  been 
actively  and  steadily  engaged.  Undoubtedly,  were  the 
profession  called  upon  to  select  some  one  as  the  best  and 
most  worthy  representative  of  architecture  in  the  West,  that 
one  would  be  Mr.  Wilson,  for  to  him  more  than  to  all  others 


belongs  the  credit  of  having  introduced  and  maintained 
that  noble  character  of  building  lor  which  Cincinnati  is 
celebrated  and  of  which  it  is  justly  proud.  The  buildings 
erected  by  Mr.  Wilson  are  too  numerous  to  be  here  men- 
tioned in  detail ; we  give  only  the  following  : The  Ohio 
Life  8;  Trust  Company  Bank,  the  Hamilton  county  Court 
House,  the  Cincinnati  Post-Office,  the  Jewish  Temple,  the 
villa  of  Mr.  George  K.  Shoenberger,  the  Dexter  Chapel 
and  entrance  to  .Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  etc.,  etc. 


ICHARDSON,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  P.,  Law- 
yer and  ex-Attorney-General  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  25th, 
1824.  His  ancestors,  four  generations  removed, 
moved  from  Maryland  into  Pennsylvania  and 
settled  opposite  Steubenville.  His  father,  Isaac 
Richardson,  was  engaged  in  farming  throughout  his  life. 
His  earlier  education  was  obtained  in  the  schools  located 
in  his  native  county.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered 
the  Washington  College,  where  he  completed  his  studies. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  until  1S46, 
when  he  enlisted  as  a volunteer  in  a company  that  went 
from  Steubenville,  and  was  assigned  to  the  3d  Ohio  Regi- 
ment. After  serving  one  year  in  this  capacity  he  was  dis- 
charged. While  connected  with  the  .army  he  served  under 
General  Taylor  and  participated  in  the  march  from  Mata- 
moras  to  Buena  Vista.  After  his  return  he  resumed  his 
avocation  of  teaching,  and  in  the  spring  of  1850  moved  to 
Harrison  county,  Ohio,  where  he  taught  school  and  studied 
law  at  the  same  time  until  August,  1852.  Llpon  finishing 
his  legal  studies  with  Allen  C.  Turner  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  in  the  spring  of  1853  removed  to  ^Yoodsfield, 
Monroe  county,  where  he  filled  until  the  following  year  the 
position  of  Principal  of  the  Woodsfield  .Seminary.  Later, 
he  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  in  1855 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Monroe  county,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  [losition  in  1S57,  and  again  in 
1S59,  holding  the  office  until  1S61,  when  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  United  States.  Also,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  he  was  a Brigadier-General  in  the  Ohio 
militia.  Immediately  after  the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter  he 
succeeded  in  raising  two  companies,  but  before  he  could 
secure  their  acceptance  Ohio’s  quota  was  filled.  The 
troops,  however,  changed  the  term  of  their  enlistment  from 
three  months  to  three  years,  and  were  assigned  to  the  25th 
Ohio  Infantry,  of  which  regiment  he  was  made  Major. 
June  loth,  1861,  he  was  promoted  to  a Lieutenant-Colo- 
nelcy. and  with  that  rank  proceeded  to  the  field.  May 
loth,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy  of  his  regi- 
ment. May  2d,  1863,  he  was  wounded  severely  in  the 
right  shoulder  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  which 
casualty  deprived  him  of  the  use  of  his  right  arm.  He  was 
then  freed  from  duty  until  January,  1864,  when  he  was 


140 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


detailed  as  President  of  a court-martial  at  Camp  Chase. 
On  the  ensuing  February  iith  he  was  placed  in  command 
of  that  post,  and  remained  there  until  the  end  of  August, 
1865.  In  the  fall  of  the  preceding  year  he  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  was  prevented 
from  leaving  the  army  only  through  the  pressing  instances 
of  Governor  Brough.  In  December,  1864,  he  was  brevetted 
Brigadier-General.  In  September,  1865,  he  joined  his 
command  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  placed  over  a sub- 
district, with  head-quarters  at  Columbia.  Subsequently  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  District  of  East  South 
Carolina,  with  head-quarters  at  Darlington.  Immediately 
after  being  mustered  out  of  the  service,  in  June,  1866,  he 
was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Fifteenth  Congressional  District.  In  1869  he  resigned  the 
Collectorship  and  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  in  which 
he  has  since  been  successfully  engaged.  As  a commanding 
officer  he  possessed  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  men ; 
his  services  in  detached  positions  have  frequently  been 
made  the  sulject  of  favorable  comment ; while,  during  his 
five  years  of  service,  no  charge  of  any  nature  was  ever 
brought  against  him.  He  has  been  connected  professionally 
with  various  enterprises,  and  was  a director  of  the  Marietta, 
Pittsburgh  & Cleveland  Railroad.  He  was  married  in 
184S  to  Sarah  E.  Smith,  of  Brooke  county,  Virginia. 


EAKIRT,  CHARLES  C.,  Druggist,  was  born  on 
the  13th  of  April,  1821,  in  New  Richmond, 
Clermont  county,  Ohio.  Remotely,  he  is  of 
Welsh-German  origin,  although  both  his  parents 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a 
Philadelphian,  and  a cabinetmaker  by  trade. 
Charles  received  his  education  at  New  Richmond,  and  in 
1837  went  to  Philadelphia  to  learn  the  drug  business. 
Here  he  served  his  apprenticeship  and  thoroughly  mastered 
the  business  he  had  chosen.  In  his  twenty-fourth  year,  by 
the  advice  of  his  uncle,  he  determined  to  start  in  business 
on  his  own  account.  At  first  he  determined  to  locate  in 
New  Orleans,  but  the  uncle’s  advice  led  to  the  changing  of 
this  plan,  and  finally  Cincinnati  was  determined  upon  as  the 
place  in  which  to  establish  himself.  In  the  spring  of  1844, 
therefore,  in  company  with  his  brother,  Joseph,  the  enter- 
prise was  begun.  The  young  partners  had  no  money  to 
speak  of,  and  starting  in  business  implied  getting  into  debt. 
So  they  got  into  debt,  but  were  not  long  in  getting  out. 
Joseph  remained  in  Philadelphia  to  secure  the  necessary 
stock,  have  the  printing  done  and  arrange  other  preliminary 
details,  while  Charles  went  to  Cincinnati  to  select  a proper 
location.  The  place  selected  was  on  Third  street,  opposite 
the  Henrie  House,  and  there  the  business  w-as  established 
and  there  it  prospered  greatly.  The  members  of  the  firm 
were  young,  the  place  chosen  was  not  a very  favorable  one 
and  there  were  not  wanting  those  w ho  predicted  a speedy 


failure.  The  failure  did  not  befall,  and  after  a while  the 
youthful  firm  came  to  be  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  in 
the  city  in  the  extent  of  its  business  and  its  commercial 
standing.  In  a steady,  safe,  sound  way,  business  was  good 
with  the  firm  from  the  first,  affording  another  illustration  of 
the  fact  that  strict  integrity,  close  application  and  piudent 
enterprise  form  the  sure,  safe  basis  of  all  pro.sperity.  In 
1847  ihfi  bought  out  and  became  the  successors  of  C. 
&;  J.  Bates,  and  established  themselves  on  the  corner  of 
Pearl  and  Reynolds  streets.  Charles  Reakirt  conducted 
the  negotiations  on  behalf  of  his  firm  with  Caleb  Bates, 
the  surviving  partner  of  the  other  firm,  J.  Bates,  w ho  had 
transacted  all  the  active  business  of  his  house,  and  in  effect- 
ing the  sale,  Caleb  intrusted  to  Charles  Reakirt  the  task 
of  inventorying  the  stock  and  affixing  the  prices.  The  part- 
nership between  Joseph  and  Charles  Reakirt  continued- for 
tw'enty-one  years,  and  in  1865  they  sold  out.  In  August, 
1874,  just  thirty  years  after  the  establishment  of  the  original 
house,  Charles  Reakirt,  at  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Reakirt, 
Hale  & Co.  (J.  Reakirt  having  died  in  1870),  ])urchnsed 
the  business  anew,  and  is  still  at  its  head,  the  firm  now  oc- 
cupying  a commodious  building.  No.  99  Walnut  street. 


|;RINKERHOFF,  JACOB,  ex-Judge  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  .St.ate  of  Ohio,  w'as  born  in 
the  town  of  Niles,  Cayuga  county.  State  of  New 
York,  on  August  31st,  1810.  His  father,  Henry 
1.  Brinkerhoff,  was  a farmer,  a native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, having  been  born  near  the  town  of 
Gettysburg.  His  mother,  nee  Rachel  Bevier,  came  from 
New  York  State.  After  a thorough  English  education,  ob- 
tained in  public  schools  and  at  the  academy  at  Prattsburg, 
Steuben  county.  New' York,  Jacob  entered  the  law  i ffice 
of  Messrs.  Howell  & Brother,  in  Bath,  Steuben  county,  in 
1834.  Here  he  vigorously  prosecuted  his  studies  for  two 
years,  and  in  the  spring  of  1836  removed  to  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  where,  in  May,  1S37,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State,  and  immediately  entered 
on  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  soon  acquired  repu- 
tation as  a lawyer  of  more  than  average  ability,  and  in  the 
course  of  a year  or  two  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Richland  County,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  satisfac- 
torily performed  for  a period  of  four  years.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  in  that  office,  in  the  fall  of  1843,  he  was 
elected  to  Congress  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  \\hile 
serving  as  a member  of  this  body  he  became  affiliated  with 
the  Free-soil  party,  and  drew  up  for  David  Wilniot  the 
celebrated  bill  known  as  “ Wilmot’s  Proviso.”  At  the  close 
' of  his  Congressional  career  he  resumed  his  legal  practice  in 
Mansfield,  in  w hich  he  successfully  labored  until  he  was 
elevated  to  a scat  on  the  Supreme  bench,  his  first  term 
commencing  January  qih,  1856.  In  this  highly  honorable 
position  he  was  retained  by  the  people  for  three  successive 


LIOU  R APli  IC  AL  EN’C  VCLOP.  EDI  A. 


141 


terms,  cos’ering  a period  of  fifteen  years;  and  it  is  but  justice 
to  the  Judge  to  mention  that  a fourth  term  was  offered  him, 
but  he  declined  a renomination.  The  “Ohio  State  Reports” 
contain  many  of  his  opinions,  delivered  during  his  terms  on 
the  Supreme  bench.  Since  retiring  from  the  bench  he  has 
resumed  his  law  practice,  although  not  as  actively  as  in 
former  years.  As  a judge  he  commanded  the  high  esteem 
of  all  brought  into  professional  contact  with  him,  and  his 
integrity  is  without  a blemish.  He  was  married,  October 
4th,  1S37,  to  Caroline  Campbell,  of  Lodi,  Seneca  county. 
New  York,  who  died  at  that  place,  while  on  a visit,  No- 
vember l8th,  1839.  His  present  wife  was  Marion  Titus, 
of  Detroit,  whom  he  married  January  6th,  1841. 


TEVEN.S,  LEVI  E.,  of  the  firm  of  Chambers, 
Stevens  & Co.,  dry-goods  merchants,  was  born  in 
Oneida  county,  western  New  York,  August  23d, 
1814,  and  is  of  Irish  extraction.  His  parents, 
natives  of  Nova  .Scotia,  moved  from  New  York 
State  to  the  western  frontier  in  1819,  and  settled 
in  Dearborn  county,  Indiana,  near  what  is  now  known  as 
Moore's  Hill.  Here,  in  the  backwoods,  he  became  inured 
to  hardship  and  danger,  and  acquired  habits  of  self-reliance 
which  have  since  formed  a marked  trait  of  his  character. 
The  educational  advantages  afforded  by  the  State  at  that 
early  period  of  its  history  were  quite  limited  and  of  a 
strictly  rudimentary  character,  consisting  of  about  three 
months’  schooling  during  the  winter  season.  Of  these  the 
future  merchant  availed  himself  to  the  fullest  extent ; and 
by  determined  perseverance  and  the  assistance  of  his  father, 
an  intelligent  farmer,  he  accjuired  a degree  of  proficiency  in 
the  English  branches  and  a fund  of  general  knowledge  that 
passed  current  at  that  time  for  a liberal  education.  At  the 
age  of  twenty,  preferring  business  pursuits  to  farming,  he 
engaged  as  clerk  in  the  store  of  Glenn  & M’atson  (William 
Glenn,  of  the  firm  of  William  Glenn  & Sons,  Vine  street, 
and  the  late  Rev.  J.  V.  Watson,  who  was  subsequently  the 
distinguished  editor  of  the  A^ort/nuestem  Christian  Ath'o- 


cate,  of  Chicago),  in  the  village  of  Hillsborough,  at  a salary 
of  twelve  dollars  per  month — a salary  considered  so  large 
at  the  time  that  his  employers  reserved  the  right  to  termi- 
nate the  engagement  at  the  end  of  any  month.  It  was  not 
many  months,  however,  before  the  young  clerk  had  almost 
full  charge  of  the  store.  Two  years  afterward  one  of  the 
partners.  Rev.  J.  V.  Watson,  desirous  of  resuming  bis  vo- 
cation in  the  ministry,  L.  E.  Stevens  purchased,  on  credit, 
his  interest,  and  continued  in  the  business  till  1842.  After 
a faithful  trial  of  merchandising  he  abandoned  it  for  the 
more  active  and  lucrative  business  of  steamboating.  A 
company,  of  which  he  and  his  jrresent  partner,  Mr.  Josiah 
Chambers,  were  members,  jiurchased  the  steamer  “ Fashion,” 
for  a Cincinnati  and  Madison  ( Indiana)  packet,  of  which  he 
was  chosen  clerk.  In  this  business  he  continued  for  some 


four  years,  when,  tired  of  river  life,  he  engaged  in  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Chambers,  under  the  firm-name  of  Chambers, 
Stevens  & Co.,  to  conduct  a dry-goods  business  at  Aurora, 
Indiana,  the  present  place  of  residence  of  the  senior  partner. 
This  house,  we  may  state,  is  still  in  existence,  and,  like  its 
counterpart  in  Cincinnati,  is  doing  an  extensive  business, 
having  been  in  operation  over  thirty  years.  In  1847  ^ ■ 1- 
Stevens  and  Francis  Wyman  were  admitted  to  partneishiji, 
and  in  1857  the  branch  house  was  opened  in  Cincinnati, 
when  the  subject  of  our  sketch  moved  to  that  city  to  assist 
in  conducting  the  new  wholesale  establishment,  which  has 
now  been  in  existence  on  Fearl  street  over  eighteen  years. 
Thus  the  old  reliable  firm  of  Chambers,  Stevens  & Co.  h.ns 
steadily  prospered  through  the  long  period  of  thirty  years 
by  acting  on  the  policy  of  limiting  its  capital  to  the  one 
legitimate  business,  that  of  dealing  in  dry  goods.  L.  E. 
.Stevens  was  married  to  Maria  Miller,  of  Dearborn  county, 
Indiana,  in  1839,  by  whom  he  has  had  tw’o  daughters,  Mrs. 
Charles  S.  Weatherby  and  Mrs.  M.  H.  Richardson,  and  a 
son  named  William  A.,  a young  man  of  promise  who  is  now 
actively  engaged  in  the  Cincinnati  house.  A man  of  de- 
cided convictions  in  matters  relating  to  church  and  politics, 
L.  E.  Stevens  commands  the  respect,  confidence  and  esteem 
of  all  who  know  him.  His  charily  is  broad  and  liberal,  as 
evinced  by  his  hearty  support  of  and  active  co-operation  in 
the  management  of  the  Cincinnati  Union  Bethel.  He  and 
his  estimable  lady  are  also  identified  with  other  organiza- 
tions for  the  alleviation  of  the  suffering  poor  and  the 
elevation  of  the  masses.  He  is  also  in  complete  sympathy 
w'ith  the  movements  of  business  men  for  the  extension  of 
trade,  commerce  and  manufactures,  and  is  a director  in  one 
of  the  city  banking  houses.  He  has  been  all  his  life  a total 
abstainer  from  all  intoxicating  liquors,  and  has  never  used 
tobacco  in  any  form,  to  which  be  attributes  tbe  enjoyment 
of  a clear  and  vigorous  intellect  and  a robustness  of  health 
possessed  by  few  of  his  age.  We  predict  for  him  many 
more  years  of  prosperity  and  useful  activity. 


HIELDS,  ROBERT  S.,  Brosecuting  Attorney  elect 
of  Stark  County,  Ohio,  v\’as  born  in  Washington, 
Warren  county,  New  Jersey,  on  Septcndier  28tb, 
1845.  parents  were  William  and  Anna 

(I lance)  Shields.  After  a preparatory  course  of 
study  at  the  seminary  in  Allentown,  Tennsyl vania, 
he  entered  Union  College,  .Schenectady,  New  Yoik,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1867.  Selecting  the 
legal  profession  he  entered  the  law  office  of  E.  W.  Stough- 
ton, in  New  York  city,  with  whom  he  prosecuted  l.is 
studies  for  about  eighteen  months.  At  the  expiration  of 
that  time  he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  completed  his  legal 
course  of  training  in  the  office  of  his  uncle,  Joseph  Hance, 
at  New’  Philadelphia,  and  was  admitted  to  tie  bar  at 
Cadiz  in  1870.  Locating  himself  in  Canton  he  has  there 


142 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 


successfully  followed  his  profession.  In  the  spring  of  1871 
he  was  honored  by  election  to  the  Mayoralty  of  Canton, 
being  chosen  to  occupy  that  position  for  four  years,  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  In  October,  1875,  he  was  elected  by  the 
same  party  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Stark  county,  for  a 
term  of  two  years.  The  duties  of  this  office  he  entered 
upon,  January  ist,  1876.  He  was  married  in  1871  to  Clara 
A.,  daughter  of  Marlin  Wikidall,  an  old  and  successful 
merchant  of  Canton. 


o/^^^ODM.\N^N,  FERDINAND,  late  Merchant  of  Cin 
cinnati,  wa.s  born,  July  l6th,  1801,  in  a German 
Princip.rlity  near  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  His 
opportunities  for  education  were  above  the  ordi- 
nary grade,  and  he  fully  improved  them.  He 
graduated  from  B.imborg  College  in  1S17,  and 
then  entered  a large  banking-house,  where  he  was  fully 
fitted  for  a business  career.  His  father,  Davis  C.  Bodmann, 
a Republican  in  principle,  wdio  view'ed  with  repugnance  and 
s irrow  the  devastating  effect  of  the  Napoleonic  wars,  de- 
termined upon  emigrating  to  the  more  tranquil  Western 
world,  and  reached  America  in  1822  with  three  sons.  His 
wife  died  eleven  years  prior  to  this  event.  Settling  in 
Hagerstown,  Maryland,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
until  the  death  of  his  father,  about  six  years  after,  when  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  then  a small  town  with  little 
promise  of  its  future  greatness.  He  erected  a large  tobacco 
warehouse  on  Main  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh,  and 
conducted  a thriving  business  until  his  death,  on  July  29th, 
1874.  By  close  attention  to  his  affairs  he  acquired  not  only 
a large  and  profitable  trade  but  a fine  reputation  as  an  ener- 
getic and  honorable  business  man.  At  the  time  of  his  de- 
cease the  transactions  of  his  house  far  exceeded  in  value 


those  of  any  other  establishment  west  of  the  Alleghenies. 
Mr.  Bodmann  was  deeply  interested  in  the  material  welfare 
of  his  adopted  city,  and  erected  quite  a number  of  fine  busi- 
ness houses  and  residences.  He  contributed  liberally  to  the’ 
construction  and  support  of  public  works,  and  was  generous 
to  the  charitable  and  deserving  institutions  of  Cincinnati. 
W'hen  he  set  out  in  his  mercantile  career  he  acted  upon  the 
sound  advice  given  him  by  his  father,  to  deal  entirely  upon 
a cash  basis,  and  in  this  way  finding  immunity  from  financial 
difficulties.  He  made  no  purchases  on  credit,  issued  no 
notes,  and  w’as  never  compelled  to  request  a creditor  to  call 
a second  time  for  the  amount  of  his  claim.  During  the  re- 
bellion he  gave  the  government  a practical  support,  and  did 
much  to  encourage  enlistments  and  to  relieve  the  distress 
of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  army.  He  was  married, 
December  14th,  1825,  to  Kate  Poplem,  of  Baltimore,  by 
whom  he  had  six  childien,  of  wdiom  but  two,  a son  and  a 
daughter,  are  now  living.  His  eldest  son,  Charles,  died  on 
May  loth,  1875.  Bodmann  was  the  founder  of  the 

leaf  tobacco  trade  of  Cincinnati,  and  he  lived  to  see  it  as- 
sume great  proportions.  The  surviving  son,  George,  is  a 


successful  merchant  in  Brussels,  Belgium.  The  surviving 
daughter,  Lauretta  Louisa,  the  widow  of  the  late  Joseph 
Reichart,  lives  at  the  homestead  at  Mount  Auburn,  one  of 
the  finest  residences  in  that  section  of  the  country.  Her 
mother  lives  with  her. 

J!^^0DMANN,  CHARLES,  Tobacco  Merchant,  the 
founder  of  the  extensive  tobacco  firm  of  Charles 
^ I li  Bodmann  & Co.  of  Cincinnati,  was  of  German 
_ descent,  and  was  born  in  Hagerstown,  Maryland, 
February  i8th,  1827.  Llis  father,  Ferdinand 
^ Bodmann,  was  horn  in  a German  Principality 
near  Frankfort,  on  July  i6th,  1801,  and  in  1817  graduated 
with  honor  from  Bamborg  College.  He  subsequently  re- 
ceived a commercial  education  in  a large  banking-house  in 
Frankfort,  in  which  he  conducted  the  French  correspond- 
ence. In  1822  he  emigrated  to  this  country  with  his  father, 
settling  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  but  shortly  thereafter  re- 
moved to  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  in 
July,  1874.  He  left  a wife  and  three  children,  a daughter 
and  two  sons,  of  whom  Charles  was  the  oldest.  As  he  grew 
up  he  was  liberally  and  thoroughly  educated,  and  very 
quickly  gave  evidence  of  brilliant  business  as  well  as  liter- 
ary qualities.  He  established  himself  in  the  tobacco  trade, 
and  his  house  grew  very  rapidly  in  reputation  as  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  trustworthy  in  its  line  in  the  M’est. 
By  diligence  and  by  careful  attention,  watchful  to  anticipate 
the  wants  of  the  trade  and  to  supply  them  with  the  utmost 
despatch,  employing  energetic  agents  and  correspondents  in 
the  principal  cities  on  both  sides  of  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line,  he  soon  secured  for  Cincinnati  the  largest  tobacco  trade 
in  the  West,  and  raised  his  establishment  to  pre-eminence 
as  a wholesale  and  retail  house  in  that  market.  The  well- 
known  warehouse  on  Front  street,  which  for  so  long  a time 
has  been  occupied  by  Charles  Bodmann  & Go.,  was  started 
in  1852  on  a modest  scale.  It  witnesses  now  annual  trans- 
actions to  the  value  of  over  eighteen  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  its  busine.-.s  is  still  increasing.  Mr.  Bodmann,  who 
was  never  married,  found  recreation  from  the  cares  of  this 
growing  trade  in  yearly  trips  to  foreign  lands.  He  became 
an  enthusiastic  traveller,  and  his  cultivated  as  well  as  varied 
tastes  and  acquirements  enabled  him  to  fully  appreciate  the 
rare  scenes  and  unusual  incidents  which  his  European  and 
Asiatic  lours  presented  to  him.  It  is  said  that  his  travels 
carried  him  to  nearly  every  country  of  the  globe,  and  being 
as  clever  a descriptive  writer  as  a mercantile  correspondent, 
he  very  often  gave  his  experiences  to  the  people  of  Cincin- 
nati through  letters  published  in  their  daily  papers,  signed, 
“A  Cincinnatian.”  These  letters  were  dated  from  Jerusalem, 
Constantinople,  various  cities  in  Australia  and  in  the  great 
Polynesian  archipelago,  and  were  written  in  an  easy,  graceful 
style,  gossipy,  sensible  and  instructive.  During  his  absence 
the  business  was  conducted  by  his  partner,  11.  H.  Hoffman, 
who  for  many  years  had  been  associated  with  Mr.  Bodmann, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVLDI  A. 


143 


and  who  completed  a partnership  relation  which  was  better 
known  to  the  mercantile  world  as  “ Charles  Bodmann  & 
Co.”  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Bodmann,  in  May,  1S75,  at 
the  residence  of  his  mother,  his  entire  business  was  left  to 
the  exclusive  control  and  management  of  Mr.  Hoffman, 
who  now  conducts  it  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same 
spirit  as  during  Mr.  Bodmann’s  life.  The  latter  during  his 
mercantile  career  gained  the  esteem  of  the  community,  not 
only  as  an  enterprising  and  honorable  business  man  but  as 
a liberal  and  public-spirited  citizen.  He  amassed  a large 
fortune,  the  benefits  of  which  he  generously  disbursed.  His 
brother  George,  now  in  business  in  Brussels,  Belgium,  is  a 
gentleman  of  wealth  and  social  influence,  and  his  mother 
and  sister,  who  reside  at  Mount  Auburn,  have  ample  means. 
Mr.  Hoffman,  who  succeeds  to  the  entire  control  of  the 
house  of  Charles  Bodmann  & Co.,  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
November  23d,  1845,  and  received  his  education  in  the  city 
schools.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was  engaged  by 
Mr.  Bodmann  as  assistant  bookkeeper,  becoming  head  book- 
keeper within  six  months  of  his  entrance  in  the  establish- 
ment. On  September  ist,  1870,  he  was  admitted  to  a part- 
nership interest,  and  the  firm  became  that  as  styled  above. 
This  relation  was  maintained  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Bod- 
mann. The  will  of  the  latter,  upon  its  admission  to  probate, 
gave  evidence  of  the  appreciation  in  which  he  held  his  part- 
ner. Under  its  provisions,  after  liberal  bequests  were  made 
to  many  charitable  institutions  and  individuals,  the  residuary 
estate,  amounting  to  between  four  and  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  was  devised  to  Mr.  Hoffman.  The  latter  is  a gentle- 
man substantially  educated,  of  thorough  business  acquire- 
ments, and  in  every  way  fitted  to  carry  out  the  designs  for 
the  extension  of  the  relations  of  the  house  prepared  by  its 
founder 


r-'A 


HORNE,  WILLIAM  1'.,  Wholesale  .Shoe  Mer- 

'1 


land,  November  24th,  1S22.  He  was  born  and 
reared  to  the  shoe  trade,  his  father  being  a shoe- 
maker and  dealer  before  him.  When  he  was 
thirteen  years  of  age  his  father  died,  leaving  him 
the  eldest  son  of  a family  of  seven  children.  After  his 
father’s  death  he  went  to  Claybrook  to  finish  learning  his 
trade  with  his  uncle,  a shoemaker  of  that  place.  Afterwards 
returning  to  Higham  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  the  shop  of 
Mr.  Luke  Marvin,  remaining  with  him  a year  or  two.  Dur- 
ing this  time,  having  read  many  letters  and  other  favorable 
accounts  from  America,  he,  with  six  other  young  men,  de- 
termined to  try  fortune  in  the  United  States.  Accordingly, 
obtaining  his  mother’s  consent,  on  April  7th,  1841,  he  em- 
barked on  the  ship  “ Rochester”  for  America,  the  Eldorado 
of  his  hopes.  Thinking  that  if  Cincinnati  were  the  Queen 
City  of  the  West  it  would  be  the  place  for  him,  he  decided 
to  locate  in  that  city,  and  nothing  could  turn  him  from  his 
purpose,  although  he  had  two  fine  offers  through  the  country 


from  New  York  to  Cincinnati  that  almost  any  young  man 
without  money  might  have  been  expected  to  accept.  On 
June  7th,  1841,  on  the  steamer  “ Pilot,”  he  arrived  in  Cin- 
cinnati from  Pittsburgh.  The  first  night  in  the  Queen  City 
he  spent  at  Colts’  Temperance  Hotel,  on  Sycamore  street. 
In  the  early  days  of  Cincinnati  this  house  and  its  sign  were 
landmarks.  Of  the  seven  who  started  from  England  young 
Luke  Marvin  and  himself  came  to  Cincinnati ; the  others 
were  dispersed  according  to  their  fancies.  Their  joint 
capital,  summed  up  in  their  quarters  at  Colts, read:  Marvin, 
one  five  dollar  gold  piece  ; William  F.  Thorne,  one  five- 
franc  piece.  Marvin  designing  to  start  for  Danville  in  the 
morning  should  have  just  five  dollars  for  his  fare.  Without 
breakfast,  their  two  suppers  and  two  lodgings  would  take 
Mr.  Thorne’s  five-franc  piece.  Marvin  paid  his  stage  fare, 
Mr.  Thorne  their  Temperance  House  bill  ; they  bade  each 
other  God-speed  ; Marvin  took  the  stage,  Mr.  Thorne  turned 
into  the  street  moneyless  and  friendless.  Opposite  the  old 
National  Theatre  he  found  Able  Doughty,  one  of  the  most 
energetic  shoemakers  of  his  time.  He  proposed  to  work 
for  Mr.  Doughty  for  his  board  and  lodging.  This  offer  was 
accepted.  In  a few  minutes,  having  removed  his  trunk  to 
the  .shop  and  eaten  his  breakfast,  he  began  his  first  work  in 
America.  In  a short  time  he  had  worked  out  his  board  for 
the  week.  Not  wishing  to  be  idle,  he  worked  the  rest  of 
the  week  for  dry  goods.  To  money  this  was  the  nearest  ap- 
proach he  could  then  make  with  Mr.  Doughty.  At  the  end 
of  the  first  week,  having  kept  the  Sabbath  according  to  the 
custom  of  his  fathers  and  his  home  in  Old  England,  attend- 
ing Sunday-school  and  all  the  services  at  Wesley  Chapel, 
he  made  an  engagement  with  Mr.  Doughty  for  six  months 
to  take  charge  of  his  sales  and  general  business,  Mr.  Doughty 
seeing  that  a young  man  of  such  habits  was  the  person  to 
fill  the  most  responsible  place  in  any  business.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  this  time  he  made  an  engagement  with  Mr.  Shad- 
ford  Easton  to  work  in  his  leather  and  findings  store  and 
live  in  liis  family.  After  remaining  two  years,  and  having 
saved  most  of  his  earnings,  he  concluded  to  start  business 
for  himself  on  Lower_  Market,  with  a capital  of  less  than 
$500.  Mr.  Easton  very  kindly  gave  him  all  the  assistance 
he  needed  in  supplying  his  shop  with  leather;  and  Mr. 
Abraham  Taylor  gave  him  a letter  to  William  Claflin  & Co., 
Boston,  Massachusetts.  This  afforded  him  all  the  accom- 
modation he  needed  in  Eastern  markets.  In  this  shop  the 
first  calf  and  kip  boots  were  made  and  sold  by  the  dozen  in 
Cincinnati.  Mr.  Thorne  has  always  been  an  advocate  of 
thorough,  energetic  business  advertising,  which  he  did 
largely  at  that  time,  chiefly  using  the  Cincinnati  Commerciai, 
then  a small  and  not  very  powerful  sheet,  as  the  medium. 
Thus  he  soon  got  the  name  of  the  enterprising  shoe  man 
and  did  the  business  of  the  town.  His  fortunate  circum- 
stances now  justifying  it,  on  September  loth,  1845,  he  was 
married  to  Sarah  E.  Collins,  member  of  Wesley  Chapel  and 
daughter  of  Henry  E.  Collins.  She  proved  to  be  in  every 
sense  of  the  word  a helpmeet.  He  now  found  it  necessary 


144 


BIOC'.RAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


to  take  a larger  store,  thus  giving  a new  impetus  to  his  busi- 
ness, which  developed  into  an  exclusively  wholesale  trade 
in  1851.  Notwithstanding  that  his  business  has  always  been 
what  is  termed  legitimate  jobbing  custom,  yet  by  using  great 
energy  in  every  honorable  way  he  has  increased  his  sales  to 
enormous  proportions,  some  years  reaching  $1,000,000. 
Although  he  is  now  ranked  among  the  wealthy  men  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  his  career  has  been  one  of  remarkable  suc- 
cesses, reverses  have  not  been  unknown  in  his  experience. 
He  has  at  least  learned  that  “riches  have  wings.”  Cincin- 
nati has  passed  through  three  great  monetary  panics  since 
he  began  his  business  career  in  it,  but  while  many  were  sorely 
pressed  or  failed  entirely  he  came  through  unscathed,  with 
a solid  business,  and  consequently  a credit  sounder,  if  pos- 
sible, than  before.  lie  has  crossed  the  ocean  thirteen  times 
since  he  became  an  American,  chiefly  for  his  health  and  to 
visit  his  old  mother,  who  is  still  living.  On  the  first  of  these 
trips  his  brother  Joseph  came  with  him  to  this  country,  and 
has  now  become  the  active  man  of  the  house  of  W.  F. 
Thorne  & Co.  Mr.  Thorne  has  recently  brought  into  the 
business  his  son,  W.  II.  Thorne,  a young  man  full  of  the 
enterprise  and  business  vigor  of  his  father,  who  is  training 
him  by  his  side  that  he  may,  as  he  has  every  reason  to  hope, 
more  than  fill  his  father’s  place  in  business,  church  and 
society.  Like  most  mercantile  men  of  his  times,  Mr.  Thorne 
has  found  most  of  his  education  in  the  school  of  the  world 
on  the  highway  to  fortune.  He  has  been  too  busy  to  be  a 
politician,  but  has  always  been  a Whig  in  principle  and  an 
earnest  advocate  of  the  best  Republican  interests  of  the 
country.  He  is  a member  and  officer  in  St.  Paul’s  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church ; has  been  eleven  years  Superintendent 
of  its  Sunday-school ; is  one  of  the  Directors  of  Wesleyan 
Female  College;  is  Vice-President  of  the  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Association  ; and  was  one  of  the  earliest  sup- 
porters of  the  old  Methodist  Bethel,  having  been  its  Super- 
intendent for  nine  years.  He  is  now  one  of  the  stirring, 
earnest  workers  of  his  church.  Always  a consistent,  active 
temperance  man,  he  was  one  of  the  warriors  in  the  romantic 
temperance  movement  of  1848,  and  one  of  the  most  persist- 
ent workers  in  the  recent  crusade.  A man  whose  practice 
has  never  varied  from  his  principles,  whose  motto  in  busi- 
ness has  ever  been  honor,  and  the  key  to  his  success  work, 
Mr.  Thorne  has  made  his  mark,  and  the  world  is  better  for 
his  having  lived  in  it. 


I INCH  AM,  HON.  EDWARD  FRANKLIN, 
Lawyer,  and  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born,  August  1,4th,  1828,  at 
West  Concord,  Vermont.  The  family  is  veiw 
ancient,  and  in  its  different  branches  has  many 
eminent  representatives  in  this  country.  Thomas 
Bingham  was  its  founder  in  America  ; he  emigrated  from 
Sheffield,  England,  and  settled  in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  in 
1663,  being  then  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  traces  his 


family  back  to  the  Binghams  of  Somerset,  England,  who  in 
the  early  Norman  period  received  knighthood  and  were 
settled  for  many  generations  on  an  estate  in  the  west  of 
England.  The  family  is  of  Saxon  origin,  and  therefore  had 
existence  in  England  before  the  Conquest.  Thomas  Bingham 
had  eleven  children  ; his  second  son,  Abel,  married  Maiy 
Odell,  and  had  a family  of  ten  children.  Abel’s  eighth  .son 
was  Jonathan,  who  marrieil  Sarah  N.  Newton,  and  one  of 
his  sons,  Jonathan,  married  Betsy  Warner,  and  his  son, 
Elisha  Warner  Bingham,  who  was  the  second  son  of  a family 
of  ten,  married  Miss  Perry.  Warner  Bingham,  son  of  the 
last-named  and  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born 
in  Cornish,  New  Ilamp.diire,  1789;  his  father  moved  with 
the  family  to  Concord,  Vermont,  1796.  Warner  Bingham 
married  Lucy,  daughter  of  Captain  John  Wheeler.  Only 
three  of  his  sons  now  survive  : Harry  Bingham,  the  eldest, 
a leading  lawyer,  politician.  Democrat,  of  New  Hampshire  ; 
George  A.  Bingham,  a prominent  lawyer  of  the  same  .State; 
his  sixth  son.  Judge  Edward  Franklin  Bingham.  Judge 
Warner  Bingham  was  a man  of  great  energy;  he  led  a 
life  of  much  usefulness  to  his  State,  and  was  held  in  high 
repute  for  integrity  of  character  and  purity  of  motive.  Ed- 
ward I'ranklin  Bingham  received  his  early  education  at  the 
public  schools  of  Vermont ; in  his  fourteenth  year  he  en- 
tered Caledonia  county  grammar  school,  where  he  zealously 
and  successfully,  under  able  tutorship,  prosecuted  his  studies 
for  three  years.  In  1846,  visiting  Ohio,  he  became  so  de- 
lighted with  the  country  that  he  determined  to  settle  in  the 
State.  After  spending  a short  time  at  Marietta  College  he 
read  law  under  Hon.  Joseph  Miller,  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
and  his  own  brother,  Harry,  in  New  Hampshire,  till  1850, 
when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio,  at  Georgetown,  and  commenced  practice  of  law,  June 
1st,  at  McArthur,  Vinton  county,  Ohio.  In  October,  1850, 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  appointed  him  Prosecuting  At- 
torney of  Vinton  county ; after  this,  in  1851  and  1853,  he 
was  elected  to  the  same  office.  At  the  expiration  of  that 
time,  in  1855,  being  elected  as  Representative  (Democratic) 
for  the  counties  of  Vinton  and  Jackson,  he  sat  in  the  Legis- 
lature during  the  sessions  of  1856  and  1857.  He  now  de- 
termined to  devote  himself  exclusively  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  and,  notwithstanding  he  belonged  to  the  political 
party  which  was  in  the  minority  in  his  district,  was,  in  1858, 
barely  defeated  in  his  candidacy  for  the  Judgeship  of  the 
Common  Pleas.  His  party  has  frequently  desired  him  to 
put  himself  forward  in  politics,  but  the  Judge  has  rather 
sought  distinction  in  his  profession  than  political  preferment. 
He  was  a delegate  from  the  Eleventh  Congressional  District 
of  Ohio  in  1S60  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at 
Charleston  and  Baltimore.  Wishing  a more  extended  field 
for  the  prosecution  of  his  profession  he  removed  to  Columbus 
in  1861,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  law.  In  May,  1873, 
he  was  elected  to  the  bench  as  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas.  From  1867  to  1871  he  was,  by  election.  Solicitor 
of  the  city  of  Columbus.  The  Judge  has  ever  .shown  great 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENX'YCLOILEDIA. 


•45 


interest  in  educational  matters,  and  for  many  years  was  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  1868  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Democratic  State  E.xecutive  Committee  of  Ohio.  He 
was  married,  November  21st,  1850,  to  Susanah  P.  Gunning, 
of  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  and  has  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 
The  distinguished  career  of  Judge  Bingham  is  entirely  due 
to  his  own  indomitable  industry  and  perseverance,  coupled 
with  unflinching  integrity  of  character. 


'V 


k^ORM.\NN,  FREDERICK,  is  a native  of  the  State 
I of  Hanover,  Germany,  where  he  was  born,  August 
I 6th,  1820.  He  was  the  second  of  three  children. 


his  parents  being  George  Dormann  and  Fredericka 
X Hilka,  both  natives  of  Hanover,  where  the  former 
followed  through  life  the  occupation  of  baker. 
At  the  time  of  the  death  of  his  father  Frederick  was  in  his 
infancy.  His  early  education  was  limited  to  such  studies  as 
were  pursued  in  the  common  schools  of  his  country.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  for 
a livelihood,  and  commenced  at  once  an  active  life  in  the 
pursuit  which  his  father  had  engaged  in.  In  1836,  as  from 
boyhood  and  the  fatherland  he  wandered,  and  after  sailing 
eight  weeks  and  one  day  in  the  staunch  ship  “Alexander,’' 
he  at  length  reached  Baltimore,  landing  a stranger  in  a 
strange  land,  with  no  friends  save  the  two  willing  hands 
inured  to  toil  in  a country  where  bread  comes  but  with  labor, 
and  no  words  of  cheer  save  those  whispered  to  a brave  soul 
by  a dauntless  heart,  young  Frederick  found  himself  penni- 
less, and  consequently  found  work.  In  1838  he  went  to 
^Vheeling,  Virginia,  remaining  there  until  1842,  when  he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Cincinnati,  which  has  been  his 
abiding  place  ever  since.  Three  years  after  landing  on  the 
American  shore  his  guiding  star  brought  him  to  the  feet  of 
a light-haired,  blue-eyed  fraulein,  who  had  come  across  the 
seas  in  the  same  vessel,  but  had  been  lost  both  to  sight  and 
mind  for  all  those  long  months,  and  the  maiden  had  grown 
into  a woman  when  Frederick  gave  her  his  honest  heart  and 
empty  hand.  In  1840  he  was  married  in  Wheeling  to  this 
maiden,  who  was  the  late  Fredericka  Brodfuchrer,  also  a 
native  of  Germany,  and  a lady  of  most  amiable  qualities. 
Time  rolled  on,  and  by-and-by  babies  came,  and  with  them 
the  desire  to  find  some  home  that  they  might  truly  call  their 
own.  This  inborn  feeling  of  the  German  over  every  other 
nation  to  have  some  spot,  no  matter  how  small,  a house,  be 
it  ever  so  tiny,  over  which  there  is  but  one  master,  was 
strong  in  these  two,  and  in  1842,  with  the  goods  and  chat- 
tels, babes  and  good  health,  they  drifted  down  the  Ohio  to 
what  was  then  an  insignificant  Queen  City.  On  Western 
Row  and  Everett  street  the  bake  shop  again  coined  silver 
pieces,  and  deep  into  the  capacious  pockets  of  the  good  frau 
they  rested  until  enough  were  garnered  to  buy  not  only  the 
long-coveted  home  but  a few  acres  besides.  To  his  occu- 
pation as  a baker  he  soon  joined  that  of  a grocer,  and  pur- 
19 


sued  this  joint  enterprise  for  five  years.  At  this  time  he 
interested  himself  in  the  sale  and  purchase  of  real  estate, 
and  commenced  the  draying  business,  which  he  followed 
with  profit  for  six  years.  In  1845  he  invested  largely  in 
property,  now  comprising  the  Twenty- fifth  Ward  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  in  1S47  “Pi  "’hh  but  one  exception  (that  of 
Ephraim  Knowlton’s),  the  first  building.  From  that  until 
the  present  time  he  has  been  a continuous  resident  of  Cum- 
minsville,  and  has  become  one  of  the  largest  property- owners. 
The  fine  hotel  on  the  corner  of  Spring  Grove  avenue  and 
Dormann  street  is  a monument  of  his  industry,  and  has  been 
his  home  for  years.  A few  years  ago  the  cheery  helpmate, 
who  had  for  so  long  been  a tender  companion  and  wise 
counsellor,  left  his  side  and  started  on  the  mysterious  jour- 
ney that  leads  we  know  not  where,  but  he  hopes  with  the 
remainder  of  his  family  that  when  the  trials  and  cares  of 
this  world  are  over  to  meet  her  on  that  happy  shore  where 
sorrows  are  unknown.  Twelve  children  were  born  to  them, 
eight  daughters  of  whom  are  still  living,  while  the  remainder, 
three  sons  and  one  daughter,  have  departed  this  life  and  gone 
to  where  the  angels  dwell.  But  Mr.  Dormann’s  blue  eyes 
still  twinkle  with  the  fire  of  youth,  and  his  step  is  elastic 
as  it  was  twenty  years  ago.  The  world  has  given  him  some 
hard  knocks,  has  often  given  him  frowns  when  he  wooed 
her  smiles,  but  it  has  failed  to  warp  his  kindly  nature  or 
harden  his  generous  heart.  There  are  few  whose  lives  have 
been  more  actively  spent  or  more  honorably  employed  than 
his.  His  was  a struggle  against  poverty  from  the  outset,  and 
a struggle  intensified  but  never  stopped  by  adverse  fortune. 
Industrious  perseverance  won  at  length  what  he  so  richly 
merited — a fortune,  and,  moreover,  left  him  health  to  enjoy 
it.  He  has  often  been  solicited  to  accept  public  office,  but 
has  invariably  declined,  wishing  rather  than  its  cares,  and 
often  doubtful  honor,  the  untrammelled  enjoyment  of  his 
family  circle  and  the  society  of  a few  intimate  friends.  In 
his  political  views  he  is  Democratic,  and  always  has  been 
from  the  time  of  his  manhood  until  the  present  day.  He  is 
one  of  the  old  German  pioneers,  and  belongs  to  several  of 
the  different  societies  of  Cincinnati.  His  children  have  all 
experienced  the  Protestant  baptism,  and  his  religious  opinions 
are  circumscribed  by  the  tenets  and  creeds  of  the  Protestant 
churches. 


MITH,  R.  I’.,  Assistant  General  Manager  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Company  for  the  Cleveland  & Pitts- 
burgh Railroad,  was  born  in  M'indham,  Connect- 
icut, June  20th,  1830.  His  father,  Edwin  .Smith, 
one  of  the  pioneer  merchants  of  the  city  of  Cleve- 
land, was  a well-known  produce  dealer  and  an 
esteemed  citizen.  He  was  educated  in  the  city  schools  con- 
tiguous to  his  home,  and,  after  the  completion  of  the  allotted 
course  of  studies,  entered  a hardware  store  as  clerk  in  New- 
ark, Ohio.  Returning  at  the  expiration  of  one  year  he  en- 
tered his  father’s  store,  where  he  served  in  a similar  capacity. 


146 


BIOGRAl'IIICAL  ENCYCLOr.KDIA. 


Tiiere  hs  remained  for  a period  of  two  years  or  more,  until 
he  had  attained  his  majority,  then  found  employment  in  a 
dry-goods  house,  where  he  was  occupied  during  the  ensuing 
four  years.  In  1855  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Cleve- 
land & Pittsburgh  Railroad,  primarily  in  the  capacity  of 
Paymaster,  subsequently  was  promoted  to  an  Auditorship, 
and,  later,  became  Vice-President.  At  the  present  time  he 
i-)  the  Manager  of  the  road,  and  is  also  Director  of  the  Ash- 
tabula, Youngstown  & Pittsburgh  Railroad  Company.  He 
lias  persistently  avoided  the  turmoil  and  e.xcitements  of  po- 
litical life,  and  devoted  his  time  and  energies  entirely  to  the 
conduct  of  his  business  aff.rirs.  He  is  a liberal  co-worker 
in  religious  and  benevolent  matters,  and  is  an  elder  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cleveland.  He  was  married 
in  1S56  to  Rebecca  E.  Peters,  of  Colchester,  Connecticut, 
and  by  her  has  had  four  children,  three  at  present  surviving. 


^ORBERT,  JAME.S  L , Jr.,  son  of  Judge  James  L. 
and  Hannah  (Winans)  Torbert,  was  born  in 
Springfield,  Ohio,  .September  27th,  1831.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  Wittenberg  College,  grad- 
uating in  lS5l,in  the  first  class  of . that  school. 
.Soon  after  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  where  for  a 
few  years  he  taught  as  Principal  of  the  High  School.  Hav- 
ing meanwhile  pursued  the  study  of  law,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  began  practice.  But  in  a few  years  his  health 
w.as  undermined  by  the  yellow  fever,  from  which  he  had 
hardly  recovered  before  he  was  prostrated  with  typhoid 
fever.  He  was  then  brought  home,  which  was  in  the  spring 
of  1S59,  his  parents  having  gofie  for  him;  his  honored 
father,  however,  dying  on  the  return  trip.  He  never  fully 
recovered  from  these  successive  shocks,  liut  as  soon  as  he 
was  able  began  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  city.  In 
1S61  he  was  appointed  Mayor  of  the  city,  to  fill  a vacancy, 
and  afterwards  for  several  years  held  the  office  of  United 
States  Commissioner.  He  was  a ripe  scholar,  and  an  able 
and  upright  lawyer.  He  was  married,  November  1st,  1S64, 
to  Mary  Barr,  of  Cincinnati,  but  had  no  family.  He  died 
of /lingering  consumption,  October  15th,  1S71. 


YINGO,  CALEB,  Manufacturer,  was  born  m 
Worcester  county,  Maryland,  March  23d,  1806, 
and  was  tM  fifth  child  in  a family  of  nine  chil- 
dren, whose'  parents  were  Obadiah  Lingo  and 
Mary  ('I'ilghman)  Lingo,  both  natives  of  Mary- 
land. His  father,  wdio  followed  agricultural  pur- 
suits through  life,  removed  with  his  family  in  1810  to  Ohio, 
settling  at  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  during  the  winter, 
and,  in  the  ensuing  spring,  drew  nearer  to  Carthage,  and 
eng.aged  in  farming.  He  moved  to  Ohio  by  the  following 
route  : by  boat  to  Baltimore,  thence  with  a team  to  Pitts- 


burgh, and  from  this  point  by  a flatboat  to  Cincinnati.  The 
last  twenty-five  years  of  his  life  were  passed  on  his'  farm 
near  Mount  Airy,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  where  he  died, 
January  2d,  1848,  at  the  age  of  seventy-si.x  years.  His 
mother’s  decease  occurred  at  the  same  place  in  July,  1835. 
He  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of  the  frontier 
settlements.  In  1812  he  went  to  live  with  John  Martin,  a 
merchant  of  Cincinnati,  and,  while  serving  him  as  clerk, 
was  a member  of  his  family  for  a period  of  over  twenty-one 
years.  In  1831  he  became  the  owner,  by  purchase,  of  his 
employer’s  interests  in  the  establishment,  and  continued  the 
business  of  notions  and  dry  goods  until  1837.  During  the 
succeeding  two  years,  he  was  interested  in  the  wire-work 
business,  and  in  1839  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  sashes, 
blinds,  and  doors,  in  which  he  was  occupied  until  1844.  He 
then,  in  connection  with  his  brother,  purchased  a saw-mill 
near  Cumminsville,  and  conducted  its  affairs  successfully  for 
twelve  years.  In  1859  he  engaged  in  business  in  Cum- 
minsville, and  has  constantly  resided  there,  pursuing  the 
manufacture  of  Idinds,  sashes,  doors  and  frames,  while  at- 
tending also  to  contract  work  and  building  enterprises.  His 
mill,  one  of  the  most  favorably  known  concerns  of  its  kind 
in  this  section  of  the  State,  is  run  entirely  by  steam.  Politi- 
cally he  is  attached  to  the  Republican  party.  For  over 
thirty-three  years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  Methodist 
Church.  He  was  married,  September  12th,  1833,  to  Mar- 
garet Finkbine,  a native  of  Philadelphia,  and  a daughter 
of  Frederic  Finkbine,  prominent  as  an  early  pioneer  and 
settler  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio. 


cD 

through 


ENN,  JULIUS  AUGUSTUS,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born  in  Neville,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  May  13th, 
1S18.  He  was  the  oldest  child  in  a family  of 
eleven  children,  whose  parents  were  Elijah  T. 
Penn  and  Philenia  (Walriren)  Penn.  His  father, 
a native  of  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  followed 
ife  agricultural  pursuits,  and  in  1811  settled  in 
Washington  Township,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  was  a soldier  in  the  war  of  i8t2, 
and  made  three  trips  to  New  Orleans  in  a flatboat,  return- 
ing thence  on  foot.  His  mother,  a native  of  Mason  county, 
Kentucky,  removed  in  1798  to  Ohio  with  her  father,  Samuel 
Walriven,  when  she  w.as  but  one  year  old,  finding  a home 
in  Franklin  township,  Clermont  county.  Her  grandfather, 
James  .Sargent,  a member  of  the  first  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  Ohio,  and  fur  several  years  a member  of  the  Legis- 
lature, also,  in  1798,  settled  in  the  same  township.  On 
both  sides  of  the  house  his  ancestors  were  among  the  pio- 
neer settlers  of  this  section  of  the  State,  and  his  forefathers, 
on  the  maternal  side,  were  active  participants  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary struggle.  His  early  education  w.as  liberal,  and  was 
received  at  the  common  schools  and  high  school  of  his 
native  county.  Until  he  had  attained  his  m.ajority,  he  as- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


147 


sisted  his  father  in  laboring  on  the  farm.  In  1839  he  left 
the  paternal  acres,  and  began  life  on  his  own  resources,  as 
a school  teacher  in  Felicity  in  Clermont  county,  where  he 
was  eng.aged  in  educational  labors  during  the  ensuing  two 
years.  While  occupied  as  a teacher,  he  applied  himself 
also  to  the  study  of  law,  and  in  1 842  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  whereupon  he  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Batavia,  Clermont  county.  After  his  admission,  in  order 
to  secure  the  means  to  embrace  more  comfortably  profes- 
sional life,  he  drove  an  ox-team  for  one  month.  Since  then 
he  has  resided  permanently  in  Batavia,  constantly  occupied 
in  guarding  the  interests  of  an  extensive  practice.  At  the 
outset,  he  was  associated  for  about  two  years  in  partnership 
with  Martin  Marshall,  a distinguished  attorney,  who  be- 
longed to  the  family  which  produced  Chief-Justice  Mar- 
shall. In  1S66-67  he  acted  for  one  year  as  Revenue  Col- 
lector for  the  Sixth  Ohio  District.  With  this  exception  he 
has  never  sought  or  held  public  office.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  with  Mexico,  he  entered  the  army  as  a volunteer, 
and  started  with  his  regiment  for  the  field  of  operations. 
But  owing  to  disability  resulting  from  a broken  leg,  the  con- 
sequence of  a fall  from  his  horse,  he  was  incapacitated  for 
duty,  and  having  advanced  only  to  Cincinnati,  returned 
thence  to  his  home.  In  1861  he  accompanied  to  the  field 
the  22d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteeer  Infantry,  as  Captain 
of  Company  E,  the  first  company  furnished  by  Clermont 
county  to  assist  in  suppressing  the  rebellion.  He  was 
shortly  after  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major,  and  remained 
in  service  with  his  regiment  in  Virginia  for  about  five 
months,  participating  during  that  time  in  a number  of  skir- 
mishes and  minor  engagements.  Politically  he  is  attached 
to  the  Republican  party,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  General 
Harrison.  He  is  widely  known  as  a zealous  advocate  of 
the  temperance  cause,  is  in  favor  of  prohibition,  and  both  in 
public  and  in  private  orations  has  earnestly  denounced  the 
evils  attendant  on  intemperance,  and  originated  measures 
designed  to  eradicate  the  baneful  influence  of  strong  drink. 
Also,  in  1873,  he  canvassed  Clermont  county  as  a temper- 
ance advocate.  Religiously  he  is  a Methodist.  He  was 
married  December  2d,  1846,  to  Elisa  C.  Minor,  a native  of 
Clermont  county,  from  whom  he  was  divorced  in  1855. 
He  was  again  married,  M.ay  2d,  i860,  to  Mary  1.  Brock,  a 
native  of  Crawford  county,  Indiana. 


'^'^OWARD,  COLONEL  WILLIAM,  Attorney-at- 
Law,  ex-Member  of  Congress,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Virginia,  December  31st,  1817.  He 
wxs  the  third  child  in  a family  of  seven  children, 
whose  parents  were  Thomas  Howard  and  Re- 
becca (Likins)  Howard,  also  natives  of  Jefferson 
county,  Virginia.  His  father  followed  through  life  agricul- 
tural pursuits,  and  after  his  removal  to  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
died  there  in  1853.  He  was  originally  of  English  extrac- 


tion. His  mother,  whose  decease  occurred  in  1831,  was  of 
English-German  descent.  Lffitil  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was 
employed  as  an  assistant  on  the  farm,  and  later  was  placed 
to  learn  the  saddlery  trade  in  Jefferson  county,  Virginia, 
which  he  pursued  for  about  six  years.  His  early  education 
was  limited,  and  was  obtained  at  common  schools,  and  by 
attentive  reading  during  the  leisure  hours  of  his  service  as  a 
saddler.  In  1835  he  moved  to  Augusta,  Kentucky,  and 
entered  the  primary  department  of  Augusta  College,  the 
first  Methodist  institution  of  the  kind  established  in  the 
United  States.  Its  president  was  then  Dr.  Joseph  S.  Tom- 
linson. There  he  passed  through  a thorough  curriculum 
of  literary  study,  graduating  in  1839.  During  this  time  he 
became  very  proficient  in  mathematics,  both  pure  and 
mixed,  a branch  of  study  for  which  he  had  early  displayed 
a notable  aptitude  and  talent.  He  supported  himself  in  the 
meantime  by  working  five  hours  per  day  at  his  trade.  In 
his  youthful  days  he  had  proposed  to  apply  his  attention  to 
the  study  of  medicine,  an  intention  whose  origin  is  attribut- 
able probably  to  the  fact  that  in  the  ranks  of  the  medical 
profession  several  members  of  his  family  had  already  ac- 
quired distinction.  While  pursuing  a collegiate  course, 
however,  he  abandoned  this  design,  and  resolved  to  apply 
himself  to  the  study  of  law,  deeming  the  legal  profession 
one  more  in  harmony  with  his  tastes  and  mathematical 
abilities.  In  1839,  accordingly,  under  the  guidance  of 
Martin  Marshall,  an  accomplished  scholar  and  legal  practi- 
tioner of  Kentucky,  and  a member  of  the  family  that  pro- 
duced Chief-Juslice  Marshall,  he  began  to  prepare  himself 
for  the  bar.  Within  one  year  he  qualified,  himself  for -ad- 
mission, and  in  1840  established  his  office  in  Batavia,  Cler- 
mont county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the 
control  of  a diversified  and  an  extensive  business.  From 
1845  to  1849  he  acted  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Clermont 
county,  having  been  twice  elected  to  this  office.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  and  served 
for  one  term.  In  1858  he  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  Also,  in  1866,  he  was  a candidate  for 
Congress,  but  owing  to  the  increasing  power  of  the  Repub- 
lican element  in  his  district,  failed  to  secure  an  election. 
The  district  referred  to  then  embraced  the  counties  of  Cler- 
mont, Brown,  Highland,  Fayette  and  Clinton,  while  the 
district  from  which  he  had  been  elected  comprised  the 
counties  of  Clermont,  Brown,  Highland  and  Adams.  In 
military  matters  also  he  has  been  prominently  before  the 
public.  In  1847  he  accompanied  to  the  scene  of  operations 
in  Mexico,  the  2d  Ohio  Regiment  of  Infantry,  and,  as 
.Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  C,  served  actively  with  this 
body  until  the  termination  of  the*  conflict.  TJuring  those 
eventful  days  he  was  employed  on  the  line,  under  General 
Winfield  .Scott,  from  Vera  Cruz  to  Puebla.  In  September, 
1861,  he  accompanied  the  59th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry  to  the  field  as  Major,  and  remained  in  service  for 
about  eighteen  months.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  a 
Lieutenant-Colonelcy.  He  was  with  his  regiment  in  Ken- 


148 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


lucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Georgia,  and  Alabama,  and 
was  actively  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth, 
Perryville,  Crab  Orchard,  and  Stone  River,  and  also  in 
many  skirmishes  and  other  minor  engagements.  In  1863 
he  resigned  his  position  in  the  army,  his  health  having  be- 
come seriously  impaired  through  the  trials  attending  extraor- 
dinary efforts  necessitated  by  fatiguing  marches  and  exciting 
service  in  the  field.  lie  has  always  been  intimately  identi- 
fied with  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  worked  efficiently 
to  secure  its  welfare  and  develop  its  best  interests.  His  first 
vote  was  cast  in  favor  of  James  K.  Polk.  He  has  ever 
manifested  a warm  and  far-seeing  interest  in  educational 
matters,  and  has  been  instrumental  in  .advancing  many  pub- 
lic enterprises  calculated  to  benefit  the  people  of  his  county. 
Religiously  he  is  attached  to  the  Methodist  church.  He  is 
a man  of  varied  experience  in  life,  an  enterprising  citizen, 
and  a lawyer  of  scholarly  attainments.  He  was  married, 
January  29th,  1852,  to  Amaryllis  C.  Botsford,  a native  of 
Oswego,  New  York.  .She  was  a woman  of  superior  natural 
intelligence,  and  possessed  a highly  cultivated  and  refined 
mind  and  extensive  information,  which,  combined  with  her 
amiability  of  manner,  kind  disposition,  and  Christian  char- 
acter, made  her  a favorite  in  society,  and  the  idolized  wife 
and  mother  in  her  own  household;  and  whether  in  public 
or  private  life,  she  was  her  husband’s  confidential  adviser. 
She  died  July  13th,  1875,  greatly  regretted  by  the  com- 
munity in  which  she  lived. 


I 


1 


j jRR,  RAYMOND,  Assistant  Postmaster  of  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  Dealer  in  Hardware  and  Agricidtural 
Implements,  was  born  in  Meredith,  New  York, 
April  2(1,  1821.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Con- 
necticut. His  father,  although  constantly  engaged 
as  a surveyor  and  engineer,  was  occupied  also 
successively  in  merchandising  and  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  attended  school  in  his  native  place  until  his  eighteenth 
year  was  reached,  when  he  moved  to  Virginia,  and  there 
taught  school  for  about  one  year.  He  then  removed  to 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  where  he  again  assumed  the  role  of 
educator,  and  imparted  instruction  during  the  winter  of 
1840-41.  During  the  ensuing  year  he  remained  in  connec- 
tion with  a jeweler,  and  in  1842  established  himself  in 
business  on  his  own  account  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  conducting 
it  until  the  opening  of  the  war.  In  1852  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Delaware,  and  was  repeatedly  re-elected,  serving 
several  terms  with  marked  ability.  In  1S59  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  served  with  that  body  until  1861. 
In  the  spring  of  this  year  he  was  employed  as  clerk  in  the 
Commissary  Department  at  Columbus,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1862  was  commissioned  by  President  Lincoln  as  Assistant 
(Quartermaster.  He  was  then  placed  in  charge  at  the 
Capitol,  and  in  1864  was  assigned  to  duty  as  Chief  Quarter- 
master of  the  depot  at  Columbus,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel, 


and  remained  in  service  until  November,  l866,  when  hew.as 
mustered  out — the  last  remaining  volunteer  officer  in  the  ser- 
vice from  Ohio.  In  the  ensuing  fall  he  was  appointed  Assist- 
ant Postmaster  at  Columbus,  and  served  until  1869,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  Wardenship  of  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  an 
office  retained  by  him  until  the  spring  of  1874.  He  subse- 
quently returned  to  Delaware  and  there  engaged  in  the  hard- 
ware and  agricultural  implements  business,  in  which  he  still 
continues.  In  April,  1875,  w.as  again  appointed  Assistant 
Postmaster  at  Columbus,  and  has  since  performed  the  duties 
of  that  office.  He  was  married,  January  5th,  1843,  to  Eliza 
L.  Runyan. 

NDALL,  DAVID  AUSTIN,  D.  D.,  Baptist 
Minister,  I.ccturer,  Editor,  Author,  etc.,  was  born 
in  Colchester,  Connecticut,  January  14th,  1S13. 
His  parents  were  James  Randall  and  Joanna 
(Pemberton)  Randall,  both  natives  of  Connecti- 
cut. His  mother  was  a direct  descendant  of 
Rev.  Ebenezer  Pemberton,  D.  D.,  of  the  old  South  Church, 
Boston,  Massachusetts.  When  but  two  years  of  age,  his 
parents  moved  with  him  to  Auburn,  New  York,  where  his 
father  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  First  Baptist 
Church  of  th.at  jilace.  In  1821  the  family  removed  from 
Auburn  and  settled  on  the  west  shore  of  the  Canandaigua 
Lake,  about  four  miles  from  the  village  of  the  same  name. 
In  this  beautiful  region,  dividing  his  time  between  school 
in  winter  and  work  upon  the  farm  in  summer,  he  passed  the 
days  of  his  youth.  The  only  periodicals  which  then  reached 
his  secluded  home  were  the  village  newspaper,  published  at 
the  county-seat,  and  the  Baftist  Register,  of  Utica,  New 
York.  His  converse  therefore  was  more  with  nature  than 
with  books,  and  those  ’early  association.s  gave  a lasting  bias 
to  his  affections  and  ideas,  and  a sedate  and  contemplative 
turn  to  his  mind  and  musings.  Being  naturally  of  a reflect- 
ive and  inquisitive  nature,  much  of  the  time  devoted  by  his 
young  companions  to  fishing,  hunting,  and  the  usual  sports 
of  youth,  was  spent  by  him  either  in  reading,  wandering 
among  rocks  and  glens,  or  in  experimenting  in  his  father’s 
blacksmith  .shop  in  the  rudiments  of  philosophy  and  chemis- 
try. An  interest  in  the  tov\n  library  brought  into  the 
f.nnily  a quarterly  instalment  of  books,  which  were  always 
gladly  welcomed,  and  read  with  eagerness  and  profit.  At 
the  age  of  fourteen  he  made  a public  profession  of  religion, 
and  December  24th,  1826,  became  a communicant  in  the 
Baptist  church.  In  his  religious  experience,  even  at  this 
early  age,  a new  and  powerful  impulse  was  given  to  his 
spiritual  life.  Religion  then  shed  her  radiant  influence  over 
his  existence,  and  the  Bible  and  religious  books  monopo- 
lized his  time  and  thoughts.  Prompted  by  a desire  to  pre- 
pare himself  for  greater  usefulness,  the  plow  was  exchanged 
for  the  grammar,  and  he  progressed  rajridly  in  his  studies. 
While  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  took  charge  of  a country 
school,  and  profitably  to  himself  and  to  his  pupils  sustained 


BK-fr_7T2'^3  CC.CmCAAO. 


' , ■ ■■ 


> » 


.,u. 


i'J 


■>r-\ 


w 


’ *1 


' U.I 


.•  .<*■' 


r; 


i 


. . 


BIOGRArillCAL  EAXYCLOP.EDIA. 


149 


the  role  of  educator  through  several  winters.  Lacking  a 
vigorous  constitution,  and  accustomed  to  active  life  in  the 
open  air,  declining  health  prevented  his  completing  a clas- 
sical course,  and  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  commencing 
the  public  duties  of  life  before  his  school  education  was 
thoroughly  completed.  June  1838,  he  was  licensed  to 

preach  by  the  Gorham  (New  \ orkj  Baptist  Church,  and 
was  ordained  in  Richfield,  Ohio,  December  l8th,  1839- 
In  the  spring  of  1840  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Medina,  the  county-seat  of  Medina 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  occupied  in  Christianly  labors 
for  five  or  six  years.  During  his  residence  in  this  place,  the 
great  Washingtonian  Temperance  Reform  swept  over  the 
land.  As  a consecjuence  he  became  the  editor  of  a Wash- 
ingtonian paper,  and  in  editing  and  writing  for  that  organ, 
in  attending  public  meetings,  and  in  giving  public  lectures, 
he  spent  a large  amount  of  lime,  and  worked  with  tireless 
zeal,  receiving  therefore  no  compensation  save  the  sweet 
consciousness  of  doing  a good  work.  In  connection  with 
these  editorial  labors  began  the  development  of  his  talent 
for  writing  which  subsequently  added  so  much  to  the  lustre 
and  usefulness  of  his  career.  In  1S45  he  removed  from 
Medina  to  Columbus,  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  was  there 
engaged  in  the  editorial  department  of  the  Christian  Jour- 
nal, now  the  Journal  and  Messenger,  the  organ  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Ohio.  When,  at  a later  date,  this 
paper  was  removed  to  Cincinnati,  not  wishing  to  change  his 
location,  and  finding  himself  in  too  feeble  health  to  endure 
the  labors  of  a pastorate,  he  engaged  in  secular  business,  and 
became  a partner  in  a book  store.  In  that  venture  he  was 
pecuniarily  successful,  and  in  the  intervals  of  business  did 
not  fail  to  increase  also  his  store  of  knowledge.  In  May, 
1858,  he  was  unanimously  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Columbus,  with  which  he  was  after- 
ward connected  for  about  eight  years.  In  this  field  he  ac- 
complished much  good,  and  greatly  strengthened  the  mem- 
bership and  resources  of  his  church.  In  addition  to  the 
business  imposed  upon  him  in  his  secular  relations,  and  the 
arduous  labors  of  the  pastorate,  he  held  for  fourteen  years  an 
official  connection  with  the  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum.  In  that 
institution  he  served  as  Chaplain,  preached  to  the  inmates  on 
.Sunday  afternoons,  met  them  often  on  week-day  evenings 
for  prayer,  visited  them  in  the  wards,  and  attended  the  funer- 
als of  those  that  died.  During  his  pastorate  he  made  an 
extensive  journey  through  Egypt,  Sinai  Desert,  and  the 
Holy  Land,  the  results  of  which  were  embodied  in  his  book, 
“The  Handwriting  of  God  in  Egypt,  Sinai,  and  the  Holy 
Land,”  a royal  octavo  volume  of  720  pages,  which  has  had 
an  extensive  sale,  and  is  said  by  competent  judges  to  rank 
among  the  best  works  on  the  East.  Recently  he  has  made 
a more  minute  and  extensive  tour  through  Europe,  England, 
•Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  at  the  present  lime  is  engaged  in 
preparing  a volume  relating  to  those  countries.  He  has  in 
prep.iration  also  a work  on  the  history  and  sjriritual  signifi- 
cance of  the  Jewish  Tabernacle,  and  the  relation  of  the 


rituals  of  the  Old  Testament  to  the  Christian  dispensation. 
In  1870  he  received  from  Denison  University  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.  D.  Since  his  return  from  abroad,  he  has  spent 
considerable  time  in  giving  public  lectures,  chiefly  for  the 
benefit  of  feeble  churches  and  sundry  benevolent  societies. 
He  still  resides  at  Columbus,  where  he  devotes  his  attention 
partly  to  his  secular  affairs  and  partly  to  literary  pursuits. 
He  also  preaches  occasionally,  and  gives  much  of  his  time 
and  energies  toward  the  promotion  of  the  various  great 
causes  of  benevolence,  and  the  spread  of  the  gospel.  He 
was  married,  March  3d,  1837,  to  Mary  Ann  Witter,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  William  Witter,  of  Gorham,  New  York.  At 
her  death  he  was  again  married,  June  6lh,  1843,  to  Harriet 
(Oviatt)  Bronson,  widow  of  Sherman  Bronson,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Herman  Oviatt,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Ohio 
Western  Reserve. 


r)  c) 

cMAHON,  HON.  JOHN  A.,  Member  of  Congress, 
Lawyer,  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland, 
February  19th,  1833,  being  the  son  of  John  V.  L. 
McMahon  and  Elizabeth  (Gouger)  McMahon. 
His  father  was  a native  of  the  same  State,  and  a 
lawyer  of  illustrious  fame.  His  mother  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania.  His  education  was  conducted  at 
St.  Xavier’s  College,  Cincinnati,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1S49.  During  the  ensuing  year,  while  pursuing  a course 
of  historical  reading,  he  taught  one  year  at  this  college. 
He  then  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  at  Dayton  with  his 
relative,  the  late  Hon.  Clement  L.  Vallandigham.  Under 
this  able  preceptor  he  made  rapid  and  thorough  progress  in 
his  reading,  and  in  1854  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  then 
formed  a law  partnership  with  Mr.  Vallandigham,  which 
continued  uninterrupted  until  the  latter  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  1858.  Mr.  McMahon  practised  alone  until 
1861,  when  he  associated  with  Hon.  George  W.  Honk,  and 
this  partnership  still  exists.  His  political  affiliations  through 
life  have  been  Democratic.  He  ably  supported  Mr.  Val- 
landigham during  his  campaigns,  and  as  a speaker  and  as 
an  organizer  rendered  material  services  to  the  party  of  which 
he  is  a prominent  member.  He  was  ncT’er  a candidate  for 
public  office  until  solicited  to  become  the  Democratic  nomi- 
nee from  Dayton  for  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  in  1874. 
On  this  occasion  he  was  compelled  to  accejd.  He  was 
elected  by  a majority  of  1099  votes  over  Hon.  Louis  B. 
Gunckel,  Republican,  who,  in  1872,  had  been  elected  by  a 
majority  of  1929.  Mr.  McMahon’s  reputation  is  that  of  a 
leading  lawyer  of  the  bar  of  Ohio.  He  has  been  for  years 
prominently  engaged  in  important  civil  cases.  He  is  thor- 
oughly read  in  all  branches  of  the  law,  and  is  equally  dis- 
tinguished as  a pleader  and  as  a counsellor  in  chambers. 
His  practice  has  been  very  large  and  varied,  and  has  been 
carried  on  in  State  and  Federal  courts.  He  is  very  pojndar 
with  his  townspeople,  and  has  earned  their  confidence  and 


1 50 


RIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.RDIA. 


respect  by  the  brilliancy  as  well  as  the  integrity  of  his  career, 
lie  was  married,  January  23d,  1861,  to  Mollie,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Sprigg,  of  Cumberland,  Maryland. 


RTER,  DAVID  A.,  M.  D.,  of  Canton,  was  born 
in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  on  January  3d, 
1820.  Ilis  paternal  ancestors  were  natives  of 
Wurtemberg,  Germany.  Ilis  father,  Michael 
Aider,  was  a native  of  Maryland,  a tanner  and 
currier  by  trade,  and  withal  a man  of  marked 
ability  and  intelligence.  Ilis  mother,  nee  Lydia  Richard- 
son, belonged  to  a well-known  family  of  that  name  in  Penn- 
sylvania. The  rudiments  of  David’s  education  were  ob- 
tained in  the  log  school  houses  of  the  western  country 
during  his  boyhood.  As  soon  as  he  had  arrived  at  proper 
years,  he  learnt  the  trade  of  his  father,  which  he  thoroughly 
mastered.  When  in  his  twentieth  year,  desiring  to  still  fur- 
ther educate  himself,  he  spent  about  two  years  in  Allegheny 
College.  Leaving  there  in  1841  he  entered  the  office  of 
Drs.  Robertson  and  Cary,  prominent  practitioners  of  that 
day  in  Columbiana  county,  the  latter.  Dr.  Cary,  enjoying 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  leading  physicians  and 
surgeons  in  the  State  of  Ohio  at  that  period.  Having  spent 
two  years  in  study  with  these  gentlemen.  Dr.  Alter  matricu- 
lated in  1843  Miami  Medical  College,  at  Cincinnati, 

and  received  his  degree  from  that  place  in  the  spring  of 
1845.  Six  months  previous  to  graduating  he  associated 
himself  wdth  a prominent  practitioner  of  Stark  county.  Dr. 
Ilaldeman,  with  whom  he  followed  the  profession  until  his 
graduation  from  Miami  College.  He  then  located  in  Car- 
roll  county,  Ohio,  and  there  for  a period  of  twenty  years 
successfully  labored  and  acquired  considerable  skill  and 
reputation.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Canton,  where  he  has 
since  practised.  He  has  at  times  contributed  to  the  press 
of  the  profession.  He  was  first  married  in  1844  to  Elmira 
Ferrall,  of  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  who  died  in  October, 
1S58;  and  was  again  married,  in  i860,  to  his  present  wife, 
Maggie  McCall,  of  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania. 


NKLIN,  SAMUEL  A.,  M.  D.,  of  Canton,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
February  loth,  1841.  His  father,  Isaac  Conklin, 
a farmer,  was  a native  of  New'  Jersey.  His  mo- 
ther, nee  Lydia  Sears,  belonged  to  Pennsylvania. 
After  securing  a liberal  education  at  the  Normal 
■School  in  his  native  county,  he  engaged  in  teaching,  which 
vocation  he  followed  for  about  four  years.  Deciding  to 
adopt  the  profession  of  medicine,  he  entered  the  office  of 
Dr.  John  Kelly,  of  Claysville,  Pennsylvania,  in  1864,  and 
with  him  pursued  his  studies  for  two  years.  He  then  ma- 
triculated at  Ann  Arbor  University,  in  Michigan,  in  1866, 
and  took  his  degree  from  that  institution  in  the  spring  of 


iS63.  Locating  himself  at  Belle  Vernon,  Fayette  county, 
Pennsylvania,  he  practised  there  with  success  until  the  fall 
*^73,  when  he  remov'ed  to  Canton,  his  present  abode. 
He  is  a member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and 
■during  his  sojourn  in  Fayette  county  belonged  to  the  med- 
ical society  of  that  county.  Since  locating  in  Canton  he  has 
become  a member  of  the  Northeastern  Ohio  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. Although  comparatively  young  both  in  years  and 
practice.  Dr.  Conklin  is  much  esteemed,  both  in  the  profes- 
sion and  among  his  patrons,  and  while  he  may  be  termed  a 
new-comer  in  Canton,  ho  has  already  taken  position  among 
the  most  respected  and  ablest  of  the  profession  in  that  town. 
He  W'as  married  in  1S67  to  Laura  Bitgher,  of  Fayette  City, 
Pennsylvania. 


ONES,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  Ohio,  January  12th,  1813.  He  was  the 
third  of  eight  children.  His  father,  Isaac  Jones, 
was  a native  of  Maryland,  but  became  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Warren  county,  afterwards  re- 
moving to  Michigan,  locating  near  Cassopolis, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  His  life  had  been  spent 
chiefly  in  agricultural  pursuits.  His  mother,  Mary  Payne, 
was  a native  of  New  Jersey,  and  died  in  1S74,  at  Somer- 
ville, Butler  county,  Ohio,  having  lived  to  a very  advanced 
age.  William  Jones  was  early  taught  to  labor,  and  at  the 
age  of  thirteen  began  life,  relying  entirely  on  his  ow'ii  re- 
sources. He  came  to  Montgomery,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
his  present  home,  and  obtained  employment  on  a farm,  with 
the  firm  determination,  however,  of  acquiring  an  education, 
and  resolving  that  his  principles  through  life  should  be 
moral,  and  his  habits  frugal  and  industrious.  At  the  end 
of  a year  he  commenced  learning  a trade,  that  of  bricklayer 
and  housebuilder,  at  which  he  labored  diligently  for  four 
years.  During  this  time  he  had  applied  himself  closely  to 
intellectual  improvement,  passing  his  evenings  in  reading 
and  study,  so  that  at  the  time  he  completed  his  trade  he 
W'as  qualified  to  take  charge  of  a school,  and  obtaining  a 
position  as  teacher  in  Hamilton  county,  occupied  the  same 
for  a period  of  four  years.  While  discharging  conscien- 
tiously the  duties  of  his  vocation,  he  still  found  many  leisure 
moments,  which  he  earnestly  devoted  to  the  reading  of 
medicine,  and  finally  deciding  to  adopt  the  profession,  he 
entered  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1842.  He  was  appointed,  in  March,  lS75,oneofa  com- 
mittee of  five  to  draft  a suitable  constitution  and  by-laws  for 
the  government  of  the  Ohio  Medical  College  Alumni.  Im- 
mediately afterward  he  located  in  Montgomery,  where  he 
has  resided  up  to  the  present  time,  engaged  as  a practi- 
tioner, and  meeting  with  great  success.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  for  a number  of  years,  and  has 
always  been  closely  identified  with  educational  interests. 
Politically  he  is  a Democr.at,  and  in  1859  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  served  for  two  years, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 


during  which  time  he  was  mainly  instrumental  in  securing 
the  passage  of  the  bill  for  the  relief  of  the  General  Govern- 
ment. Religiously  he  is  a Pi'esbyterian,  a man  whose  life 
has  been  devoted  to  usefulness  and  whose  influence  has 
always  been  for  good.  In  social  life  the  doctor  is  a delight- 
ful companion,  genial  in  his  disposition,  and  courteous  in 
his  manners,  always  an  agreeable  addition  to  the  circle  in 
which  he  moves.  Over  thirty  years  of  unceasing  labor  and 
of  constant  application  to  the  duties  of  his  profession  has 
somewhat  impaired  his  physical  ability,  but  his  mental  facul- 
ties are  vigorous,  and  his  spirits  buoyant.  He  has  been  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  about  thirty 
years,  and  is  also  intimately  identified  with  the  Society  of 
Odd  Fellows.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being 
Charlotte  Thomp.son,  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  who  died 
in  1844,  leaving  one  child.  On  February  nth,  1846,  he 
was  married  to  Mary  J.  McMeen,  a native  of  Franklin, 
Warren  county,  Ohio,  daughter  of  J.  McMeen,  an  early  and 
prominent  settler  of  that  county. 


- RFVITT,  HENRY,  Farmer,  was  born  at  Marble- 
head, Massachusetts,  in  October  or  November, 
1755,  and  was  the  son  of  Richard  Trevitt  and  Eliz- 
abeth (Brown)  Trevitt.  His  father  emigrated 
with  two  brothers  from  England  before  the  out- 
break of  the  war  of  the  Triple  Alliance,  and  set- 
tled in  the  above-mentioned  locality.  He,  the  father,  was 
engaged  in  the  military  service  of  his  country  against  the 
French  and  Indians,  and  while  serving  in  the  army  lost  his 
life  in  that  service  at  Fort  George,  on  the  lake  of  the  same 
name.  The  maternal  grandmother  of  the  subject  of  this 
notice  was  a sister  of  General  Putnam,  a name  prominent 
in  the  revolutionary  annals  of  America.  His  mother, 
about  si.x  years  subsequent  to  her  husband’s  death,  was 
again  married  to  Amos  Flint.  The  family  then  moved  to 
Reading,  Massachusetts,  whence,  after  a lapse  of  five  years, 
the  various  members  removed  to  that  part  of  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire,  subsequently  set  apart  as  Mount  Vernon,  where 
Amos  I'lint  purchased  a farm,  on  which  the  entire  family 
resided  until  the  decease  of  both  its  heads.  He  served  as  a 
volunteer  soldier,  or  “ minute  man,”  for  nearly  the  entire 
period  of  time  of  the  revolutionary  conflict.  He  participated 
in  many  of  those  unequal  engagements  of  the  revolutionary 
struggle,  and  concluded  his  active  services  in  the  field  in 
the  memorable  “ Bennington  Fight,”  under  the  gallant 
Stark,  which  contributed  .so  much  to  bring  the  great  conflict 
to  a successful  close;  and  for  his  services  during  that  event- 
ful period  was,  up  to  the  date  of  his  demise,  in  the  receipt 
of  a pension  from  the  government.  In  June,  1829,  he  left 
the  farm  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  settled  in  St.  Albans  town- 
ship, Licking  county,  Ohio,  where  he  ever  afterward  perma- 
nently resided.  He  was  one  of  the  race  of  hardy  pioneers 
and  adventurous  settlers  to  whose  courage  and  calm  endur- 


151 

ance  must  be  attributed  the  after  prosperity  of  the  country. 
And  at  ninety-five  years  of  age,  he  was  able  to  walk  unas- 
sisted, while  his  intellectual  faculties  were  in  an  unusually 
excellent  state  of  preservation.  He  was  married  when  thirty 
years  of  age,  at  the  residence  of  the  officiating  clergyman. 
Rev.  Mr.  Goodrich,  Lyndeborough,  New  Hampshire,  to 
Jane  Thompson.  At  the  date  of  their  marriage,  her  parents 
were  dead.  Her  grandmother,  who  had  emigrated  from 
Scotland,  lived  with  the  couple  subsequently  until  her  de- 
cease. The  issue  of  that  union  was  seven  sons  and  two 
daughters,  of  whom  all  but  one  son  arrived  at  full  manhood 
or  womanhood.  His  wife  died  in  the  fall  of  1S16,  and 
April  27th,  1850,  occurred  his  decease.  July  3d,  1850,  his 
remains  were  removed  to  the  Green  Lawn  Cemetery,  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  where  a suitable  monument  has  been  erected  to 
mark  the  resting-place  of  one  whose  long,  eventful  life  as 
soldier,  citizen,  parent  and  friend  challenges  the  admiration 
of  all  who  appreciate  the  highest  order  of  pei'fect  manhood 
and  of  human  excellence. 


KITING,  AUREN  W.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Litch- 
field county,  Connecticut,  in  January,  1826.  His 
parents  were  Ira  and  Elizabeth  (Conklin)  Whiting, 
both  natives  of  Connecticut.  Auren  W.  was  edu- 
cated mostly  at  the  High  School  in  Westfield, 
Massachusetts.  Desiring  to  practise  medicine,  he 
commenced  his  studies  for  that  profession  with  Dr.  W.  B. 
De  Forest,  in  Colebrook,  Connecticut,  and  in  1S46  matricu- 
lated at  the  medical  department  of  Yale  College.  After 
one  course  of  lectures  in  this  college  he  repaired  to  Canton, 
Ohio,  where  his  brother  was  engaged  m the  practice  of  med- 
icine, and  here  he  continued  his  studies,  and  also  gradually 
took  up  practice.  In  the  winter  of  1849-50  he  attended 
lectures  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Western  Reserve 
College,  at  Cleveland,  and  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  the  spring  of  1850.  Locating  himself  at  Massillon,  Ohio, 
he  followed  with  success  his  profession  until  the  spring  of 
1857.  Wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  advantages  to  Itie 
secured  in  his  profession  abroad,  he  then  spent  about 
eighteen  months  in  Europe,  visiting  the  hospitals  in  Baris 
and  other  important  European  cities.  He  returned  home 
in  July,  1858,  and,  resuming  his  profession,  entered  the 
Northern  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  located  near  Cleveland. 
Here  he  acted  as  physician  for  the  next  three  years  or  there- 
abouts. He  then  repaired  to  Washington,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  entered  the  service  of  the  United  States,  doing 
duty  in  the  field  hospital  at  Georgetown,  where  he  was 
engaged  for  about  four  months.  He  then  took  up  his  abode 
in  Canton,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  private  practice,  and  for  a 
while  assisted  his  brother,  who  at  that  time  was  acting  as 
examining  surgeon  for  that  district.  From  his  jirevious 
residence  in  Massillon,  the  adjoining  westward  town  to 
Canton,  Dr.  Whiting  soon  regained  an  extensive  practice,  in 


152 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENC.YCLOIAEDIA. 


which  he  is  still  engaged.  lie  has  been  a member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society  for  many  years,  and,  during  its 
e.xistence,  a member  of  the  Stark  County  Medical  Associa- 
tion. During  his  connection  with  the  Northern  Ohio 
Lunatic  Asylum  he  was  recognized  as  a delegate  and  at- 
tended the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
which  convened  that  year  at  Louisville,  Kentucky.  De- 
voted to  his  profession,  he  has  confined  himself  exclusively 
to  its  pursuits,  and  stands  among  the  leaders  of  that  frater- 
nity in  Canton. 


t 


e) 


EREDITII,  L.  r.,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  R.,  was  born  in 
Xenia,  Greene  county,  Ohio,  March  iSth,  1S41, 
descending  from  an  old  and  titled  Phiglish  fam- 
ily. His  father,  Philip  Collins  Meredith,  when  a 
child  came  to  America  with  his  widowed  mother, 
upon  whom  misfortunes  accumulated  during  her 
voyage  to  and  settlement  in  the  new  western  world.  She 
lost  nearly  all  her  property  through  the  dishonesty  of  busi- 
ness agents.  Her  only  means  were  then  supplied  by  an 
annuity  which  yielded  her  just  a comfortable  maintenance 
during  her  life.  Philip,  from  Virginia,  where  he  had  first 
settled,  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  became  interested  with 
Charles  Lee  in  a jewelry  establishment.  Afterward  he 
studied  and  practised  medicine.  He  was  married  in  1835 
to  Julia,  youngest  daughter  of  Colonel  Sexton  of  Virginia, 
who  held  an  important  position  in  the  war  of  iSi 2,  subse- 
quently representing  his  county  for  twelve  years  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  well  known  as  one  of  the  committee  ap- 
pointed by  that  body  to  escort  Lafayette  on  the  occasion  of 
his  visit  to  America,  in  1824.  Mrs.  Meredith  was  a lady 
of  many  accomplishments,  and  in  every  way  fitted  to  super- 
vise the  education  of  a son  in  training  for  professional  life. 
Dr.  Meredith,  about  the  year  1845,  compelled  to  aban- 
don the  practice  of  medicine,  which  was  too  rigorous  for 
his  health,  and  turned  his  attention  to  dentistry  and  re- 
moved to  Cincinnati,  where  he  continued  as  a dental 
surgeon  for  twenty  years.  His  strength  for  professional 
life  now  gave  way,  and  he  retired  to  a newly  purchased 
residence  at  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  Although  a physician 
and  dentist  of  accredited  skill,  and  always  favored  with  a 
lucrative  patronage,  his  luxurious  habits  of  life  and  impul- 
sive generosity  prevented  him  from  amassing  even  a com- 
petency. Towards  the  close  of  his  active  career  he  realized 
the  necessity  of  making  a suitable  provision  for  his  family, 
and  to  this  end  applied  himself  with  great  energy.  His 
anticipations,  without  question,  would  all  have  been  realized 
had  not  failing  health  incapacitated  him  from  further  labor. 
He  was  compelled  to  surrender  his  practice  to  his  son,  L. 
P.  Meredith.  The  education  of  the  latter  was  obtained  at 
Stephenson’s  and  Herron’s  seminaries,  in  Cincinnati,  and 
at  the  Walnut  Hills  High  School,  where  he  acquired  a j 
thorough  knowledge  of  Latin  in  connection  with  a compre- 
hensive English  course.  He  was  one  of  the  four  pupils  j 


! who  passed  the  examination  for  admittance  to  that  institu- 
tion when  first  organized.  .Subsequently,  under  private 
tutors,  he  studied  and  made  good  progress  in  the  French, 
German  and  Spanish  languages.  From  an  early  age  he 
displayed  an  unusual  degree  of  literary  ability,  and  this 
ability  was  rapidly  developed  in  the  interim  between  his 
retirement  from  school  and  his  entrance  into  the  profession 
of  dentistry  as  the  successor  of  his  father.  He  wrote  con- 
siderably for  the  press,  generally  under  a noni  de  plume, 
and  his  productions  were  characterized  by  originality  of 
thought  and  grace  of  expression.  His  papers  on  political 
subjects  show  him  to  have  been  familiar  with  the  details  cf 
some  of  the  most  important  events  in  our  civil  history.  He 
became  an  expert  chess-player,  and  before  reaching  his 
twentieth  year  had  won  a local  championship  match,  had 
become  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Chess  Club  and  had 
conquered  Mr.  Turner,  of  Kentucky,  who  some  time  prior 
had  played  a match  wdth  Mr.  Stanley,  of  New  York,  for  the 
championship  of  the  United  .States.  Subsequently  Mr. 
Turner  won  a small  majority  of  the  games,  more  serious 
matters  requiring  the  attention  of  Mr.  Meredith.  Several 
years  have  usually  intervened  betw'een  his  test  games,  but 
Mr.  Meredith  has  never  been  beaten  in  set  matches,  except 
by  Mr.  Judd,  in  a trial  of  skill  between  leading  Ohio 
players  in  1S72.  Since  then  he  has  played  but  little,  and 
that  little  has  always  been  recreation,  not  labor.  In  1859 
he  W’ent  to  Xenia  to  read  law  with  his  uncle,  Joseph 
Sexton,  then  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  afterwmrds  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court.  He  there  obtained  a teacher’s  cer- 
tificate and  taught  school  two  terms.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion  he  entered  the  74th  C)hio  Regiment, 
and  remained  with  that  command  until  1862,  when  he 
returned  home  to  Cincinnati,  the  exposure  of  camp  life 
having  unfitted  him  for  further  service  in  the  field.  While 
his  parents  were  undecided  as  to  his  profession  in  life,  and 
were  arriving  at  a determination  wdiat  it  should  be,  he  w'as 
acquiring  a practical  insight  into  the  details  of  the  profes- 
sion followed  by  his  father.  The  latter,  believing  that  he 
should  be  compelled  to  relinqui.sh  his  calling  in  a shoat 
time,  now  took  every  opportunity  to  educate  his  son  in  the 
science  of  dental  surgery,  in  order  that,  as  his  successor,  he 
might  retrieve  the  fortunes  of  the  family.  These  efforts 
w'ere  successful.  L.  P.  Meredith  assumed  his  father’s 
duties,  and  was  installed  in  his  Cincinnati  office  at  an 
earlier  age  than  that  at  which  most  men  enter  upon  pro- 
fessional life.  Success,  in  the  vocation  he  accepted  as  a 
necessity,  was  now  his  ambition,  and  he  took  every  step  to 
merit  it.  He  studied  with  tact  and  diligence,  his  father 
aiding  him  greatly  with  his  counsel.  He  attended  the 
Dental  College  of  Philadelphia,  and  from  that  institution, 
in  1867,  took  his  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  his  father  issuing 
from  his  retirement  to  discharge  the  labors  of  the  son  while 
finishing  his  course  at  college.  The  latter  returned  to 
Cincinnati  and  engaged  in  a practice  both  large  and  lucra- 
tive, not  alone  securing  to  his  now  widow'ed  mother  a 


BIOGUAPIIICAL  LXCVCLOIAKDIA. 


«53 


comfortable  maintenance,  but  earning  for  himself  a high 
reputation  as  a careful  and  skilful  dentist,  lie  studied 
medicine  as  an  auxiliary  to  his  profession,  graduating  in 
the  spring  of  1871  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Ohio 
IMedical  College.  In  June  of  the  same  year  he  produced  a 
popular  work  on  “ The  Teeth,  and  How  to  .Save  Them,” 
which  was  most  favorably  received  by  the  press  and  public 
throughout  the  country.  The  Clinic  says  of  it : “ The  little 
volume  before  us  is  designed  to  supply  a much  needed 
want.  The  finished  education  of  its  author  in  literai-y  as 
well  as  medical  and  dental  science  has  enabled  him  to  do 
this  in  a most  pleasing  air'd  graceful  style.  A half  hour  of 
real  enjoyment  is  offered  to  the  reader  in  the  perusal  of  the 
chapter  on  the  ‘ History  of  Dentistry.’  The  little  book  is 
rich  not  only  in  its  history ; it  is  full  of  practical  hints  of 
easy  comprehension,  and  is  destined,  we  predict,  for  wide 
circulation.”  In  1S72  Dr.  Meredith  issued  “ Ev'eryday 
Errors  of  Speech,”  which  afforded  wider  scope  for  the  ver- 
satility and  learning  of  its  author.  The  character  of  the 
volume  m.ay  be  understood  from  a prefatory  remark:  “ It 
is  not  intended  to  instruct  those  whose  education  has  been 
so  neglected  that  they  are  guilty  of  the  grossest  violations 
of  syntax,  orthoepy  and  taste  in  the  use  of  words.  It  is  de- 
signed chiefiy  to  correct  the  many  errors  of  pronunciation 
amongst  people  of  fair  or  excellent  education,  which  are 
persisted  in  simply  because  they  have  not  had  their  atten- 
tion called  to  them.”  This  is  the  work  of  a scholar  who 
has  had  unrivalled  opportunities  of  noting  the  constant 
breaches  upon  syntactical  propriety  by  people  of  more  than 
ordinary  intelligence.  During  the  spring  of  1872  Dr. 
Meredith  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  faculty  of  the 
Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  to  deliver  a 
course  of  lectures  on  the  “Teeth”  to  the  students  of  that 
institution.  He  delivered  four  courses  of  lectures,  and  was 
honored  with  the  presence  of  a large  and  attentive  auditory, 
composed  not  alone  of  students,  upon  the  occasion  of  each 
lecture.  In  the  fall  of  1874  he  was  invited  to  occupy  the 
same  position  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College.  At  the  pre- 
liminary course  of  popular  lectures  he  delivered  a lecture, 
“Our  Teeth  and  their  Preservation,”  which  has  since  been 
published,  and  although  only  a pamphlet  it  has,  on  account 
of  the  new  theories  advanced,  caused  many  comments  from 
the  press  in  this  country  and  abroad.  He  is  an  interesting 
speaker,  capable  of  analyzing  scientific  problems  so  clearly 
that  their  solution  becomes  easy  to  the  dullest  compre- 
hension. There  are  few  men  who  have  achieved  higher 
distinction  for  their  mastery  of  dental  surgery  than  Dr. 
Meredith.  He  is  an  indefatigable  worker,  and  contributes 
in  every  possible  way  for  the  advancement  of  his  profes- 
sion. In  1873  he  issued  a “ Pocket  Dental  Register,”  and 
in  1874  the  “ Pocket  Dental  Journal  ” and  “ Pocket  Dental 
Ledger,”  which  became  very  popular  with  practitioners. 
In  Eebruary,  1874,  he  delivered  a lecture  on  “Examina- 
tion, Appreciation  and  Fees,”  which  was  widely  published 
in  the  journals  of  the  profession.  By  request,  he  submitted 


to  be  read  at  the  Reunion  .of  the  Seventh  and  Eighth  Dis- 
trict Dental  .Societies  of  New  York,  in  October,  1874,  a 
paper  on  “Thoughts  about  the  ‘Arthur  Method,’”  which 
was  published  in  the  Missonri  Dental  Jonrnal.  It  is 
claimed  by  many  to  be  the  strongest  attack  yet  made 
against  that  plan  of  practice,  and  it  is  one  to  which  no 
answer  has  ever  been  made  by  its  advocates.  His  success- 
ful practice  and  his  position  in  the  leading  ranks  of  the 
profession  are  the  result  of  diligence  in  study  and  diligence 
and  care  in  practice.  His  recreation  is  chiefly  literature. 
He  is  a keen  observer,  with  the  faculty  of  observing  and 
of  describing  the  salient  peculiarities  of  appearance  and  of 
character  in  short,  expressive  sentences.  He  is  excellent 
at  etching,  not  like  Rembrandt,  but  like  Sterne,  his  pen- 
pictures  being  remarkably  true  to  life.  He  is  a gentleman 
of  scholarly  tastes  and  of  liberal  views.  He  is  a member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  There  is  every  reason  to 
believe  that  his  name,  as  Dr.  Meredith  is  still  a young 
man,  will  become  more  intimately  and  more  prominently 
associated  with  the  advancement  of  dental  science  in  this 
country.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  Kate  Kellogg  Keck- 
eler,  a young  lady  whose  culture  and  attainments  render 
her  an  invaluable  adviser  and  a.ssociate. 


jATTISON,  HON.  JOHN  M.,  Lawyer  and  Repre- 
sentative in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly  of 
Ohio  from  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  June  13th,  1847.  He  is 
the  son  of  \Villiam  Pattison  and  Mary  ( Duck- 
wale)  Pattison.  His  father  was  a country  mer- 
chant, in  only  moderate  circumstances,  and  after  reaching 
the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  was  thrown  on  his  own  re- 
sources and  compelled  to  battle  his  way  unaided  to  fame 
and  fortune.  At  the  close  of  the  rebellion  he  entered  the 
Union  army,  in  the  four  months’  service,  and  at  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term,  ardently  desiring  to  acquire  a thorough 
education,  attended  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  at 
Delaware,  Ohio.  While  pursuing  his  .studies  he  maintained 
himself  by  teaching,  and  laboring  in  the  harvest  fields  in 
summer.  He  finally  graduated  in  the  class  of  1869,  taking 
the  degree  of  A.  B.,  the  degree  of  A.  M.  being  conferred  in 
course.  Soon  after  leaving  college  he  registered  for  the 
bar,  but  his  health  becoming  enfeebled  he  travelled,  on 


business  accounts,  through  the  West  for  a couple  of  years. 
On  his  return  he  completed  his  studies  in  the  office  of  Judge 
Alfred  Yople,  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  1872  graduated  from 
the  law  school  in  that  city.  Directly  after  his  admission  to 
the  bar  he  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
received  the  appointment  of  Assistant  Attorney  for  the 
Cincinnati  & Marietta  Railway,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  election  to  the  Legislature,  when,  from  a sense  of 
duty  to  his  constituency — fearing  lest  the  office  should  limit 
his  sphere  of  usefulness — he  decided  to  send  to  the  company 


20 


154 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


Ills  resignation.  At  the  bar  he  has  won  a veiy  creditable 
reputation.  He  is  the  Attorney  for  the  Committee  of  Safety 
for  the  City  of  Cincinnati,  an  association  of  prominent  busi- 
ness men  who  make  it  their  duty  to  preserve  the  general 
interests  of  the  city  by  prosecuting  official  corruption  and 
fraud.  In  1873  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 

to  represent  his  city  in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly,  and 
still  acts  with  that  body.  He  serves  on  the  Committee  on 
Judiciary  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolment. 
By  that  law  of  intellectual  gravitation  which  regulates  im- 
material things  so  unerringly  he  has  won  for  himself  a 
leading  position  in  the  honorable  Assembly,  and  possesses 
much  influence  among  his  colleagues,  who  esteem  him  as 
an  able  and  enterprising  citizen  and  official. 


^ MITII,  CAPTAIN  JAMES,  Assistant  Treasurer 
of  Hamilton  County,  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  April  14th,  1831.  He  was  the  fifth  child 
in  a family  of  eleven  children  whose  parents  were 
James  Smith,  of  the  county  of  Cork,  Ireland,  and 
Mary  (O’Brien)  Smith,  a native  of  the  county  of 
Clare,  in  the  same  country.  His  earlier  education  was 
received  in  the  common  schools  of  Cincinnati.  While  in 
his  twentieth  year  he  went  to  California,  where  he  remained 
until  the  winter  of  1861-62.  He  then  returned  to  the  At- 
lantic States  as  a soldier  of  the  Union  in  the  regular  army. 
While  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  Hon.  George 
II.  Pendleton,  who  was  at  that  time  a member  of  Congress, 
in  conjunction  with  Hon.  Milton  S.  I.atham,  of  California, 
assisted  by  almost  the  whole  of  the  members  of  Congress 
from  both  States,  with  several  officers  of  the  regular  army, 
asked  that  he  might  be  placed  in  the  line  of  promotion. 
But  owing  to  his  situation  as  a private  soldier  the  desired 
end  was  not  attained.  He  was  then  informed  by  Hon. 
George  II.  Pendleton,  on  the  evening  preceding  General 
McClellan’s  advance  on  Manassas,  that  the  project  in  view 
had  met  with  failure.  His  reply  was  that  “ if  he  lived,  he 
would  earn  promotion  on  the  battle-field.”  Ultimately, 
after  several  recommendations,  won  by  his  coolness  and 
gallant  conduct  whde  an  active  participant  in  various  en- 
gagements, he  received  the  coveted  promotion,  and  subse- 
quently commanded  the  company  which  he  had  joined  as  a 
private.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  engaged 
in  the  following  battles:  Yorktown,  Mechanicsville,  Gaines’ 
Mill,  Turkey  Bend,  Malvern  Hill,  South  Mountain,  An- 
tietam,  Fredericksburg,  Jackson,  Vicksburg,  Campbell’s 
Station,  Knoxville,  Mine  Run  and  Spottsylvania  Court 
House.  He  took  part  also  in  several  skirmishes  and  minor 
engagements,  and  wdth  singular  good  fortune,  his  incessant 
and  active  service  in  the  field  being  considered,  passed 
through  the  ordeal  of  war  with  but  one  flesh  wound.  In 
October,  1865,  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  and  went  to  Ireland  for  the  purpose 


of  assisting  the  oppressed  there  in  securing  a free  and  inde- 
pendent government.  A few  months  after  his  arrival  he 
was  arrested  by  the  British  authorities,  and,  under  the  sus- 
pension of  the  Habeas  Corpus  act,  was  thrown  into  prison, 
where  he  remained  for  a period  of  three  months.  His 
release  was  then  secured  through  the  intervention  of 
Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States.  He 
afterward  crossed  over  to  England  and  labored  zealously 
to  promote  the  Irish  cause  until  the  affair  of  Chester,  which 
became  a fiasco  by  means  of  the  machinations  of  Corrydon, 
the  informer.  On  his  return  to  Ireland  he  took  part  in  the 
rising  of  1867,  was  again  arrested  on  his  entry  into  the  city 
of  Dublin  and  was  indicted  for  high  treason.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  'three  months’  imprisonment  he  was  tried  for 
“White  Boyism,”  but  the  Crown  being  unable  to  procure 
evidence  to  convict  for  high  treason  he  was  sentenced  by 
Lord  Chief-Justice  Whiteside  to  one  year’s  imprisonment  at 
hard  labor.  A few  months  after  his  sentence  had  expired 
he  returned  to  his  native  place  in  this  country.  He  is  a 
Democrat  of  the  old  school,  is  ardently  opposed  to  all 
monopolies,  and  sustains  those  measures  which,  in  his 
ojiinion,  confer  the  greater  good  upon  the  greater  number. 
His  religious  views  are  broad  and  liberal,  and  he  has  al- 
ways manifested  a warm  interest  in  all  movements  concern- 
ing educational  matters.  At  the  present  time  he  holds  the 
position  of  School  Trustee  from  a Republican  ward.  While 
in  Dublin  he  married  an  estimable  lady  of  that  place. 


I URTON,  HON.  STEPHEN  IT,  Senator  from  the 
First  Ohio  District,  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  June  25th,  1816,  being  the  son  of  Matthew 
and  Esther  (Van  Wie)  Burton.  His  education 
was  commenced  in  a private  school  in  his  native 
place,  but  when  twelve  years  of  age  he  was  with- 
drawn from  it  and  placed  in  business,  and  never  afterwards 
had  the  benefit  of  school  instruction.  The  sirbstantial 
knowledge  which  he  subsequently  acquired  was  through 
his  own  efforts  at  self-teaching.  He  became  an  enthusiastic 
student  and  a great  reader;  reading,  however,  with  excel- 
lent discrimination.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  left  home  to 
make  his  fortune,  and  when  nineteen  went  to  Texas,  where 
he  enimged,  under  Houston,  in  the  deliverance  of  that  State 
from  Mexican  dominion.  This -was  a career  of  great  ex- 
citement and  danger,  of  daring  raids  and  of  hair-breadth 
escapes.  Upon  his  return  from  Texas  he  went  to  Troy, 


New  York,  where  he  lived  seven  years,  and  then  moved, 
in  1844,  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  engaged  in  manufacturing. 
He  was  very  successful  in  business,  earning  prosperity  by 
persevering  energy  and  enterprise,  and  in  1869  retired  from 
active  life  to  enjoy  the  fortune  he  had  amassed.  In  1873 
he  was  elected,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  as  State  Senator 
from  the  First  District  (Hamilton  county),  and  has  been 
prominent  in  all  important  legislative  proceedings.  For 


f > 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 


>55 


his  services  in  Texas  he  was,  thirty-eight  years  after  they 
were  rendered,  recompensed  in  the  sum  of  $1000,  in  Texas 
bonds,  by  a special  grant  of  the  Legislature.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1839,  at  Troy,  New  York,  to  Martha  Whipple,  who 
bore  him  three  children ; the  eldest  is  now  an  extensive 
manufacture  in  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Burton  is  a very  well 
known  and  a highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Cincinnati.  He 
has  largely  interested  himself  in  extending  the  industrial 
and  commercial  relations  of  that  city,  and  has  liberally 
supported  all  public  improvements.  He  is  still  in  the 
possession  of  vigorous  health. 


EBORN,  FREDERICK  A.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on 
the  31st  of  May,  1813,  in  Ulster  county.  New 
York.  Before  he  had  reached  the  age  of  seven 
years  his  parents  removed  to  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
and  that  place  has  been  his  home  for  most  of  the 
time  since.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  had  reached  his  fifteenth  year,  and  in  the  meantime 
took  advantage  of  such  opportunities  for  obtaining  an  edu- 
cation as  were  offered  by  the  private  schools  of  tliat  period 
and  of  that  locality.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  left  home  and 
went  out  to  serve  an  apprenticeship  at  the  potter’s  trade. 
His  school  days  were  over  at  that  early  age,  but  with  the 
ending  of  his  school  days  the  end  of  his  purpose  to  achieve 
an  education  was  not  reached.  All  his  spare  moments  he 
devoted  to  private  study.  He  studied  hard  and  to  excel- 
lent purpose,  and  as  time  went  by  he  became  better  in- 
formed than  very  many  who  had  enjoyed  the  amplest 
opportunities  at  good  schools.  He  served  out  his  appren- 
ticeship and  ma-stered  his  trade,  and  having  mastered  it  he 
worked  at  it  for  a considerable  time  as  a Journeyman.  For 
about  twelve  years,  as  apprentice  and  journeyman,  he 
labored  at  the  potter’s  trade ; not  continuously,  however, 
for  at  intervals  he  devoted  himself  to  teaching  school,  avail- 
ing himself  of  every  such  opportunity  that  presented  itself. 
In  the  year  1841  he  definitely  and  finally  gave  up  the 
potter’s  business,  and  devoted  himself  for  the  time  being  to 
that  of  teaching.  He  obtained  a situation  as  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  Zanesville,  and,  notwithstanding  his 
limited  opportunities  for  obtaining  a school  education,  he 
proved  admirably  qualified  to  fulfil  the  duties  of  his  voca- 
tion, and  illustrated  anew  the  fact  that  native  capacity  and 
a well-directed  will  are  better  than  opportunity.  He  con- 
tinued in  his  position  as  public  school  teacher  for  a period 
of  about  three  and  a half  years.  He  had  long  since  de- 
cided, however,  that  his  career  in  life  was  not  to  be  that 
of  a school  teacher  any  more  than  that  of  a potter.  Having 
mastered  for  himself  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  obtaining 
a general  education,  he  had  set  about  mastering  for  him- 
self the  special  difficulties  of  professional  study.  He  had 
decided  that  he  would  become  a lawyer,  and  all  his  spare 
lime  while  engaged  in  teaching  was  given  up  to  legal  study. 


He  studied  law  under  difficulties,  but  he  studied  it  effectu- 
ally and  successfully;  so  effectually  and  so  successfully  that 
in  the  year  1844,  at  the  age  of  thirty-one,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  as  a practising  lawyer.  He  immediately  set  to 
work  in  his  new  profession,  and  in  time  was  in  possession 
of  a large  and  increasing  practice.  He  has  continued  his 
practice  without  interruption  ever  since,  and  has  prospered 
in  his  professional  work.  For  many  years  he  has  been  an 
active  and  prominent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  in  1855  was  ordained  a local  elder  in  that 
church,  a position  which  he  still  holds.  For  over  ten  years 
he  filled  the  position  of  County  School  Examiner,  and 
from  1859  to  1869  he  was  Secretary  of  the  County  Agricul- 
tural Society,  both  of  which  positions  he  filled  in  the  most 
satisfactory  manner.  He  has  also  been  twice  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  and  since  1847  has  been  a Notary  Public. 


CORE,  REV.  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  one  of  the 
most  successful,  scholarly,  progressive  and  popu- 
lar clergymen  of  the  Disciple  or  Christian  Church, 
was  born  in  Henry  county,  Kentucky,  August 
27th,  1832.  He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction,  his 
immediate  ancestors  being  Virginians.  From 
these  he  inherited  great  physical  strength  and  many  remark- 
able traits  of  character,  as  may,  to  some  extent,  be  seen  in 
the  accompanying  portrait.  The  lofty,  broad,  prominent, 
bold  forehead  and  dark  over-arching  eyebrows,  give  the 
whole  countenance  at  times  an  almost  prophetically  stern 
aspect,  although  his  benevolence  has  such  a controlling  in- 
fluence on  his  character  as  to  manifest  itself  constantly  in 
his  personal  appearance.  His  tall  angular  and  powerful 
physitiue,  with  the  massive  superstructure,  indicates  the 
man  of  uncommon  endowments.  Many  of  the  circum- 
stances of  his  boyhood  conduced  to  the  develojunent  of 
this  remarkable  character.  His  father,  dying  when  he  was 
in  his  ninth  year,  left  him  and  five  other  children  with  his 
mother  dependent  upon  their  own  exertions.  This  neces- 
sarily subjected  him  to  the  rugged  discipline  of  toil  and 
poverty.  These  early  struggles  led  to  the  development  of 
those  elements  of  character  which  were  some  time  to  place 
him  among  the  first  preachers  of  his  day.  At  an  early  age 
he  showed  signs  of  uncommon  mental  strength,  and  distin- 
guished himself  among  his  fellows.  Through  perseverance 
and  self-denial  he  gathered  the  rudiments  of  an  Plnglish 
education  at  home,  and  early  entered  the  academy  at  New 
Castle,  Kentucky.  Here  he  studied  and  taught  for  several 
years,  until  in  1855,  when  he  entered  Bethany  College,  Vir- 
ginia. In  1858  he  graduated,  and  delivered  the  valedictory 
for  his  class  at  the  commencement.  Shortly  after  this  he 
was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Christian  Church  in 
Frankfort,  Kentucky.  This  position  he  held  until  1864. 
But  in  that  year  he  was  forced  to  resign  on  account  of  fail- 
ing health,  brought  on  by  over-study  and  over-work.  Dur- 


56 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


iug  this  year  he  was  married  to  Mary  A.  Bishop,  daughter 
of  IIoii.  R.  M.  Bishop,  of  Cincinnati.  In  1865,  after  a 
few  months’  rest,  he  became  pastor  of  Jefferson  Avenue 
Christian  Church,  Detroit,  Michigan.  This  charge,  how- 
ever, he  resigned  in  the  following  year  to  occupy  a chair  in 
the  Kentucky  University.  About  the  same  time  he  was 
invited  to  the  pastorate  of  what  is  now  the  Central  Chris- 
tian Church,  Cincinnati.  Both  of  these  positions  he  ac- 
cepted, and  delivered  a brief  course  of  lectures  in  the  Uni- 
versity every  season,  while  performing  the  duties  of  his 
pastorate,  until,  in  1869,  the  growing  importance  of  his  work 
in  Cincinnati  compelled  him  to  resign  his  professorship. 
Mr.  Moore’s  church,  with  a membership  of  about  800,  is  the 
largest  and  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  city.  In  1868 
he  made  a trip  to  Europe,  visiting  the  principal  cities  and 
remarkable  places.  On  his  return  to  the  United  States  he 
resumed  charge  of  his  old  church  and  started  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Christian  Quarterly.  He  is  a voluminous 
writer.  Added  to  the  vast  number  of  sermons,  lectures, 
addresses  and  controversial  papers  that  have  come  from  his 
active  brain,  stand  most  prominent  among  his  literary  works 
“ Views  of  Life,”  a book  of  beautiful  practical  thoughts, 
put  in  the  most  entertaining  manner,  without  any  of  the 
cant  of  the  pulpit;  and  the  “ Living  Pulpit  of  the  Christian 
Church.”  He  was  many  years  literary  editor  of  the 
American  Christian  Review.  He  was  one  of  the  compilers 
of  the  “Christian  Hymn  Book,”  and  the  editor  of  the 
“ Christian  Hymnal,”  where  his  hand  and  taste  may  eveiy- 
where  be  seen.  He  edited  Alexander  Campbell’s  “ Lec- 
tures on  the  Pentateuch,”  and  is  now  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Christian  Quarterly.  The  Quarterly  is  largely  composed 
of  doctrinal  and  polemical  discussions,  and  is  regarded 
as  the  ablest  religious  periodical  in  this  country.  Its 
editorial  reviews  are  liberal  and  scholarly,  and  in  short  it 
represents  the  theological  brains  of  the  denomination.  Mr. 
Moore  is  now  also  engaged  with  other  distinguished  men 
of  his  church  in  the  preparation  of  a “ Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament,”  the  Book  of  Acts  having  been  assigned 
as  his  share  of  the  work.  One  of  the  great  works  of  his 
life  is  the  part  he  has  taken  in  the  building  of  that  beautiful 
temple  to  the  Almighty — the  Central  Christian  Church  of 
Cincinnati.  Mr.  Moore  is  one  of  the  most  energetic  and 
effective  workers  in  his  denomination.  When  it  became 
apparent  that  the  Discijdes  should  organize  a uniform  plan 
of  church  co-operation,  he  first  indicated  the  methods  neces- 
sary to  reach  this  end.  In  the  General  Convention,  held  in 
St.  Louis  in  1869,  he  offered  a resolution  submitting  the 
whole  matter  of  church  co-operation  to  a committee  of 
twenty.  This  committee,  of  which  he  was  chairman,  com- 
posed of  the  ablest  men  in  the  church,  met  in  Louisville 
and  reported  a plan  of  organization,  which  was  adopted  by 
the  entire  church.  This  was  the  first  systematic  organiza- 
tion of  the  churches  of  the  Disciples  for  co-operation  in 
missionary  work.  No  man  rendered  more  effective  service 
in  bringing  about  this  result  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 


In  1874  Mr.  Moore  was  a delegate  from  the  Disciples  to 
the  Triennial  Conference  of  Eree  Will  Baptists,  held  in 
Providence,  Rhode  Island.  Here  he  delivered  an  earnest  ad- 
dress on  the  faith  and  practices  of  the  Disciples,  and  proposed 
to  the  Conference  the  appointment  of  a committee  to  meet  a 
committee  from  the  General  Convention  of  Disciples,  to 
consider  the  matter  of  a union  of  these  denopiinations.  His 
address  and  proposition  were  enthusiastically  received  in 
the  Conference,  and  the  committee  appointed  to  meet  a 
similar  one  subsequently  appointed  by  the  Disciples.  Of 
this  latter  committee  Mr.  Moore  is  a member.  A preacher 
of  uncommon  attractiveness  and  strength,  deservedly  popu- 
lar in  his  church,  an  earnest  worker  of  remarkable  execu- 
tive ability,  and  in  the  prime  of  life,  with  all  the  enthusiasm 
of  youth,  Mr.  Moore  seems  yet  at  the  outset  of  a beneficent 
career. 


AYNES,  DANIEL  A.,  Lawyer,  and  for  fourteen 
years  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  was  born  in  Columbia  county. 
New  York,  September  plh,  1815.  His  parents 
were  Daniel  and  .Magdalena  (.Simmonds) 
Haynes.  His  father,  who  was  a physician, 
was  a native  of  Hampden  county,  Massachusetts.  His 
mother  was  a native  of  New  York.  He  received  his 
education  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  graduating  in 
the  class  of  1835.  Soon  after  he  came  to  Ohio,  settling 
at  Dayton,  where  for  a year  he  taught  in  the  Dayton 
Academy,  and  then  began  the  study  of  law  with  Judge 
Crane.  In  the  fall  of  1839  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  in  Jatut.iry,  1840,  began  practice  in  partnership  with 
Henry  .Stoddard.  In  1843  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Montgomery  County,  and  again  in  1845. 

1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  session,  in  the  spring  of  1848,  he  formed  a law 
partnership  with  John  Howard,  which  continued  till  1856, 
when  the  Superior  Court  of  Montgomery  County  was 
created,  and  he  was  elected  to  the  bench.  He  was  re- 
elected to  the  same  position  in  i860,  and  again  in  1865, 
and  resigned  February  14th,  1870,  after  having  held  the 
position  fourteen  years,  and  associated  himself  with  the 
late  Hon.  Clement  L.  Vallandigham  in  the  practice  of 
law.  This  was  terminated  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Vallan- 
digham, in  Tune.  1871,  and  a few  months  after  he  again 
formed  a partnership  with  Mr.  Howard  and  his  son,  under 
the  style  of  Haynes,  Howard  & Howard,  which  still  con- 
tinues. Judge  Haynes  has  never  been  a politician,  but  his 
political  allegiance  has  been  with  the  Whig  and  Republican 
parties.  He  was  at  one  time  a director  of  the  Dayton  & 
Western  Railway,  and  was  also  once  President  of  the 
Dayton  Bank.  In  October,  1875,  he  was  again  elected 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  and  will  take  his  seat  July 
1st,  1876.  He  is  also  President  of  the  Dayton  Insurance 
Company.  On  June  13th,  1S48,  he  married  Emily, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XVCLOP.•EDIA. 


>57 


daughter  of  General  Sampson  Mason,  of  Springfield,  Ohio. 
She  died  September  2d,  1S48,  and  he  has  since  remained 
a widower. 

Cr'tP) 

V^|pRE\  ITT,  JOHN,  Surgeon  in  the  United  States 
P)  ill  Army  and  Navy,  the  third  son  of  Henry  Trevitt, 

^ Vl  I ^''6>ch  of  whose  life,  etc.,  appears  elsewhere, 
was  born  at  the  family  residence  at  Mont  Vernon, 
New  Hampshire,  P'ebruary  26th,  1790.  After 
having  acquired  a good  common  school  and 
academic  education  in  his  native  and  neighboring  villages 
in  his  own  county,  he  prosecuted  and  completed  his  profes- 
sional education  under  the  careful  instruction  of  Ur.  Peter- 
son, who  in  those  early  times  ranked  high  as  an  eminent 
surgeon  and  physician  in  the  town  of  Boscawen,  Merrimac 
county.  New  Hampshire.  The  second  war  with  Great 
Britain  broke  out  about  the  time  of  the  completion  of  his 
professional  studies.  Devotedly  zealous  in  his  support  of 
the  cause  of  his  country,  he  at  once  tendered  to  her  his  ser- 
vices. He  was  without  delay  appointed  a surgeon,  received 
his  commission,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  on  board  one  of 
those  ships  that  had  been  extemporized  from  the  merchant 
service,  commissioned  and  adopted  into  the  service  of  the 
United  Slates  as  a ship  of  war.  In  her  first  cruise  she  un- 
fortunately encountered  a British  man-of-war  of  many  times 
her  strength  and  capacity.  After  a gallant  defence  and 
heavy  losses  on  both  sides,  she  was  captured,  and  with  all 
on  board  sent  to  Halifax,  where,  after  the  usual  delays,  her 
officers  and  men  were  exchanged  or  sent  home  on  parole. 
Surgeon  Trevitt  was  soon  transferred  to  the  army,  where 
his  services  were  greatly  needed.  He  was  a',  the  battle  of 
Plattsburg  and  in  other  important  engagements,  where  his 
services  as  an  expert  surgeon  were  highly  appreciated. 
After  the  establishment  of  peace,  he  was  retained  in  the 
peace  establishment  and  accompanied  the  army  in  many  of 
its  frontier  expeditions  and  Indian  wars.  Indeed,  from  the 
close  of  the  war  with  England  to  the  time  of  his  death,  he 
was  constantly  in  active  and  laborious  service.  He  accom- 
panied General  Andrew  Jackson  in  his  famous  Cherokee 
and  other  campaigns,  and  was  a favorite  of  that  distinguished 
general,  to  whom  he  was  devotedly  attached.  He  was  one 
of  the  surgeons  selected  to  be  present  in  attendance  upon 
the  fatal  duel  fought  at  Bladensburg  between  Commodores 
Decatur  and  Barron,  on  the  22d  of  March,  1820,  and  upon 
him  devolved  the  sad  duty  of  assisting  in  bearing  the  former 
from  the  fatal  field,  and  attending  him  professionally  up  to 
the  moment  of  his  death.  Faithful  in  the  discharge  of  every 
duty  to  his  country,  his  noble  profession,  and  to  his  fellows, 
alike  upon  the  ocean,  upon  the  battle-field,  in  the  regular 
service  against  the  best  drilled  army  in  the  world,  and  in 
the  tangled  fastnesses,  adroitly  selected  by  the  savage 
warrior  for  purposes  of  ambusc.'ide,  upon  the  pestilential 
frontier,  his  brief  but  eventful  career  was  suddenly  brought 
to  an  end,  falling  a victim  while  in  the  faithful  discharge 


of  his  professional  as  well  as  official  duty  in  combating  one 
of  those  malignant  epidemic  southern  fevers,  at  the  military 
post  at  Augusta,  Georgia,  where  he  had  been  assigned  to 
duty.  His  death  occurred  on  the  iSth  of  August,  lS2i,and 
his  remains  were  interred  at  the  post  where  he  fell,  a victim 
to  that  remorseless  foe,  that  strikes  first,  the  best,  the  bright- 
est and  the  most  attractive  mark. 


jT^.I^^/ONES,  SIDNEY  B.,  General  Southwestern  Passen- 
S J ger  Agent  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & St.  Louis 
^11  Railway  Company,  was  born  in  Chester  county, 
^■(1^  Pennsylvania,  May  26th,  1837.  On  the  death  of 
^'(3  mother  moved  to  Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania,  while  he  was  in  his  infancy.  In 
that  city  he  received  his  elementary  education.  While  in 
his  thirteenth  year,  he  removed  with  his  mother  to  Brook- 
lyn, where  he  remained  until  1852,  when  he  went  to  New 
Orleans,  and  was  there  engaged  in  clerking  until  1856. 
Later  he  moved  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  was 
appointed  Freight  Agent  of  the  Star  Express  Company.  In 
i860  he  removed  to  Ludlow,  in  the  same  State,  and  here 
engaged  in  business  on  his  own  account,  as  a bookseller,  in, 
partnership  with  the  general  agent  of  Johnson,  Fry  & Co., 
of  New  York.  In  1861  he  raised  the  nucleus  of  a company 
of  volunteers,  in  Covington,  Kentucky,  and  also  in  Ludlow, 
and  accompanied  it  to  “ Camp  Dick  Robinson,”  where  he 
was  assigned  to  duty  as  drill  master.  At  the  consolidation 
of  the  companies,  he  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  of 
Company  I,  of  the  4th  Kentucky  Volunteers,  which  took 
the  field  in  Kentucky.  At  Crab  Orchard  he  was  detailed 
as  a special  messenger  to  carry  important  despatches  from 
General  Thomas  to  General  Sherman,  and  on  his  return 
was  assigned  to  duty  as  Assistant  Division  Quartermaster, 
on  the  staff  of  General  Thomas,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  1873.  participated  in  the  meanwhile  as  volunteer 

aide  in  the  engagement  at  Mill  Spring,  and  in  several  other 
actions.  He  continued  on  the  staff  of  General  Thomas 
until  after  the  battle  at  Pittsburgh  Landing,  then  returned  to 
Newport,  Kentucky,  a step  prompted  by  his  failing  health. 
Upon  resigning  his  military  commission,  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  Campbell  County,  Kentucky.  At  a sub- 
sequent period  be  was  elected  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the 
42d  Regiment  of  Kentucky  Volunteers,  and  later  was  pro- 
moted to  the  Colonelcy  by  Governor  Thomas  E.  Bramblette, 
and  placed  in  command  of  the  Twenty-third  Military  District 
of  Kentucky.  In  the  latter  part  of  1864  he  resigned  his 
commission,  and  removed  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  to  accept 
the  position  of  General  Agent  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad. 
In  this  capacity  he  was  employed  until  1868,  at  which  date 
he  was  appointed  General  Passenger  Agent  of  the  Louisville 
& Cincinnati  Shore  Line.  The  duties  of  that  office  he  per- 
formed until  1871,  when  he  accepted  the  position  of  General 
Passenger  .A.gent  for  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  In 


158 


BIOC'.RAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


the  latter  part  of  1874  he  accepted  the  appointment  to  his 
present  position,  General  Southwestern  Passenger  Agent  for 
the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & St.  Louis  Railway  Company, 
with  head-quarters  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  married 
in  1856,  to  N.  J.  Bennett,  daughter  of  a prominent  merchant 
of  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


^^^TREVITT,  william.  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
e)  ill  ex-Secretary  of  Stale  for  Ohio,  etc.,  was  born  at 

'■  iV||  Mount  Vernon,  Hillsborough  county.  New  Hamp- 

» shire,  February  7lh,  1809.  (For  details  of  the 
family  see  sketch  of  Henry  Trevitt.)  He  was  the 
youngest  of  seven  sons  and  two  daughters.  He 
received  his  earlier  and  preparatory  education  at  Amherst 
and  Francestown,  and  completed  his  literary  and  profes- 
sional courses  at  Hanover,  New  Hampshire.  He  pursued 
his  professional  studies  in  his  native  town  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  Daniel  Adams,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Mount  Vernon,  New  Hampshire,  and  at  the  New  Hamp- 
shire Medical  Institution,  at  Dartmouth  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1830,  and  subsetpiently  he  attended  the  classes 
of  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  the  year  1830  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Baltimore,  Fairfield  county,  Ohio,  whence,  after  the 
lapse  of  two  years,  he  removed  to  Thornville,  Perry  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
until  1840.  During  his  residence  at  Thornville  he  repre- 
sented his  county  in  the  State  Legislature  for  three  succes- 
sive terms,  and  throughout  that  time  was  the  youngest 
member  of  this  body,  having  been  but  twenty-five  years  of 
age  when  first  returned.  In  the  spring  of  1840,  having 
been  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Ohio,  he  found  it 
necessary,  for  the  proper  performance  of  the  duties  attached 
to  his  important  office,  to  remove  to  Columbus,  where,  after 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  he  proposed  to  reside 
permanently  and  devote  himself  exclusively  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  From  this  date  down  to  1846  he  held 
the  appointment  of  Physician  to  the  Penitentiary  of  Ohio. 
Subsequently,  on  the  outlireak  of  the  Mexican  war,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Polk,  Surgeon  of  the  army,  which 
post  he  occupied  until  the  close  of  the  conflict.  During  its 
progress  he  served  in  the  field  in  charge  of  General  Moyan’s 
regiment,  and  later  was  assigned  by  General  Taylor  to  the 
post  of  Surgeon  at  his  head-quarters,  thus  becoming  a 
member  of  the  staffs,  primarily  of  General  Taylor,  anil  after- 
ward of  General  Wool.  In  1849,  peace  being  established, 
he  returned  to  the  civil  practice  of  medicine  in  Columbus. 
In  1851,  on  the  adoption  of  the  new  Constitution  by  his 
State,  by  which  the  Secretaryship  of  State  became  elective, 
he  was  the  first  to  receive  the  election  to  that  office,  and  in 
1853  was  honored  by  a re-election.  In  1857  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Buchanan,  Consul  to  Valparaiso,  the 
chief  mercantile  port  of  Chili.  A revolution  breaking  out 


in  this  place,  during  the  progress  of  which  he  felt  compelled 
through  consideration  for  his  country’s  honor  to  pursue  a 
course  of  policy  which  destroyed  the  friendly  relations  pre- 
viously existing  between  him  and  the  Chilian  authorities,  he 
sought  from  his  own  government  a removal.  As  an  unmis- 
takable mark  of  approval  of  his  line  of  conduct  under  the 
circumstances,  he  was  subsequently  advanced  to  the  consul- 
ship of  Callao,  Peru.  While  sojourning  there,  Mr.  Clay, 
United  States  Minister,  on  account  of  various  difficulties 
with  the  Peruvian  government,  retired  from  his  post,  thus 
leaving  him,  in  1S61,  in  sole  charge  of  affairs.  Shortly 
after  this,  the  United  .States  government,  at  his  own  request, 
relieved  him  of  his  arduous  duties,  and  he  returned  to 
Columbus,  where  he  has  since  lived  in  comparative  seclu- 
sion, following  his  profession  only  among  a limited  circle 
of  friends,  occasionally  as  consulting  physician,  in  the 
culture  of  favorite  literary  pursuits,  and  in  the  management 
of  his  private  business  affairs.  After  the  decease  of  ex-Gov- 
ernor  Medary,  from  1865  to  1S71  he  became  the  sole  pro- 
prietor, and  assumed  the  exclusive  management  of  the 
Crisis,  a journal  which  at  that  time  had  a larger  circulation 
than  that  of  any  other  pajier  at  the  capital  of  Ohio.  In 
1S67,  while  conducting  the  Crisis,  he  established  the 
Siiitiiuy  Morning  News,  and  continued  in  its  management 
till  ils  success  had  become  assured.  Its  publication  is  still 
continued  as  one  of  the  permanent  enterprises  of  the  city 
and  .State.  He  was  married  in  the  fall  of  1839  to  Lucinda 
Butler,  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  has  buried  two  daughters 
and  his  eldest  son,  John  Noble  Trevitt.  His  present  family 
consists  of  his  wife  and  three  sons. 


LANDY,  HENRY,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
H.  & F.  Blandy,  Proprietors  of  the  Portable  and 
Stationary  Engine  and  Saw  Mill  Works,  at  Zanes- 
ville, and  Newark,  Ohio,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Bristol,  England,  October  26th,  1810.  His 

paternal  ancestors  were  people  of  distinction  in 
their  native  country,  and  could  point  with  natural  pride  to 
an  honorable  coat  of  arms.  On  the  death  of  his  grandfather 
the  estate  became  involved  in  litigation,  and  eaused  the 
financial  ruin  of  the  family.  His  father  reared  and  liberally 
educated  his  eleven  children,  and  throughout  his  life  was  a 
tender  guide  and  protector  to  them.  He  accumulated  and 
brought  to  this  country  considerable  means,  and  upon  arriv- 
ing here  in  the  spring  of  1832,  was  in  easy  and  comfortable 
circumstances.  In  the  ensuing  fall  his  family  rejoined  him 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  all  rested  during  the  winter  at 
the  Orange  Spring  mansion  in  New  Jersey.  Leaving  his 
parents  he  returned  to  England,  and  spent  the  winter  in 
travelling,  as  a commercial  man  in  the  cut  glass  business. 
In  the  -spring  of  1833  he  rejoined  his  father,  and  they  settled 
finally  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
was  educated  at  Ashton  Gate  Academy,  a private  boarding- 


Gaiaxy  Fub  CoFlalad'^ 


s 


•i 


0 


I 


. i 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


school  of  Bedminster,  Bidstol,  England,  whose  average 
attendance  was  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  scholars.  In 
that  school  he  won  distinction  as  a leader,  and  became  pro- 
ficient in  Latin,  Greek  and  mathematics.  To  his  instructor 
in  the  last-named  branch  of  study,  John  Lewton,  now  of 
Paulton,  near  Bristol,  England,  he  became  devotedly  at- 
tached. This  tutor,  a scholar  of  varied  abilities,  though  a 
coal-heaver’s  son,  was  noted  for  his  intellectual  attainments 
as  a linguist,  historian,  and  theologist,  and  also  for  his  many 
admirable  personal  characteristics.  When  quite  a young 
man,  so  great  was  his  affection  for  his  preceptor,  he  was  in 
the  hal)it  of  walking  fifteen  miles,  on  Saturday  evenings,  in 
order  to  spend  with  him  the  Sabbath  hours.  After  his  set- 
tlement in  this  country,  the  two  friends  corresponded  with 
each  other  for  thirty-three  years.  In  1866,  when  prosperity 
had  smiled  upon  his  persevering  labors,  he  again  crossed 
the  Atlantic,  influenced  almost  solely  by  his  ardent  desire  to 
renew  the  tender  personal  associations  which  in  bygone 
years  had  been  of  such  inestimable  value  to  him.  “ To 
grasp  the  hand,  ...  to  converse  with  one  of  the  purest  and 
best  men  that  ever  lived ; to  whom  he  has  ever  felt  so 
greatly  indebted  for  the  implanting  and  nourishing  in  his 
young  mind  those  great  principles  which  have  been  the 
guide  of  his  life,  his  stay  and  support  through  its  trying 
vicissitudes.  He  still  lives  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years.” 
In  the  spring  of  1834  he  married  Mary  Amanda,  the  second 
daughter  of  Judge  Blocksom,  of  Zanesville,  by  whom  he 
had  seven  children,  Jennie  B.,  Anna  B.,  Benjamin  A.,  and 
Harry  B. ; three  died  in  childhood.  At  that  time  he  formed 
a partnership  with  Judge  Blocksom  in  connection  with  J.  T. 
Fracker  and  Lloyd  Dillon,  for  the  prosecution  of  the  furnace 
and  forge  and  mercantile  businesses,  the  firm-style  being 
Dillon,  Blandy  & Co.  Aided  by  his  brother  and  present 
partner,  Fred.  J.  L.  Blandy,  he  undertook  the  management 
of  the  mercantile  department,  and  made  a success  of  it. 
But  Judge  Blocksom  becoming  Postmaster  of  Zanesville, 
and  John  T.  Fracker  heing  continuously  engaged  in  the 
foundry  business  of  Blocksom  & Fracker,  the  furnace  and 
forge  department  encountered  disastrous  failure  and  fruit- 
lessly absorbed  a large  amount  of  capital.  The  partnership 
was  then  dissolved,  and  he  found  himself  not  only  penniless 
but  hampered  with  debts.  He  subsequently  entered  again 
into  the  mercantile  business,  possessing  no  capital  of  his 
own,  and  during  the  three  ensuing  years  prosecuted  it  very 
successfully.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  engaged  in 
the  foundry  business  in  conjunction  with  Judge  Blocksom 
and  his  two  sons,  George  W’.  Blocksom  and  A.  P.  Blocksom, 
the  firm-style  adopted  being  Blocksom  & Sons.  Subse- 
quent financial  embarrassments  eventually  caused  the  disso- 
lution also  of  this  partnership,  and  he  was  left  with  a debt 
hanging  upon  his  shoulders  of  over  five  thousand  dollars. 
In  the  spring  of  1840  he  connected  himself  with  his  brother 
in  the  foundry  business  once  more,  and  at  a later  day  added 
to  it  the  machine  business  in  many  varieties.  That  venture, 
including  the  manufacture  of  locomotives,  portable  and  sta- 


IS9 

tionary  steam  engines,  portable  saw-mills,  etc.,  w'as  inaug- 
urated with  a borrowed  capital  of  but  five  thousand  dollars. 
Finally,  through  persevering  industry,  inflexible  integrity, 
and  careful  management,  the  enterprising  partners  grasped 
a glorious  success.  Now,  the  products  of  their  shops — two 
of  which  take  rank  as  the  largest  and  most  perfectly 
equipped  establishments  of  the  kind  in  the  country — are 
scattered  throughout  the  American  continent,  and  are  to  be 
seen  also  in  many  parts  of  Europe.  “At  this  time  their 
business  partakes  of  the  common  malady;  they  have  done 
but  little,  comparatively,  since  the  panic  of  1S73,  and  until 
the  financial  policy  of  our  government  is  changed,  they  do 
not  expect  their  business,  or  the  business  of  the  Slates  in 
general,  to  be  very  prosperous.”  . . . He  entered  on  his 
political  career  with  the  memorable  Whig  camjiaign  of 
1840,  and  steadfastly  supported  his  party  until  its  disintegra- 
tion. He  then  united  with  the  Republican  parly,  and  from 
the  day  of  its  organization  labored  earnestly  to  promote  its 
welfare,  and  spent  his  means  freely  to  secure  the  victorious 
establishment  of  its  principles,  and  the  accomplishment  of 
its  noble  purposes.  “ But  now,  at  last  convinced  that  the 
political  principles  and  policies  of  the  Republican  party  are 
based  on  error — ruinous  to  the  interests  of  the  mass  of  the 
people — I have  placed  myself  utterly  against  it  on  all  vital 
issues.”  He  is  now  a member  of  the  Greenback  party,  and 
stands  on  the  same  ground  with  Peter  Cooper,  Hon.  W'.  D. 
Kelley,  Hon.  A.  Campbell,  and  other  experienced  financiers 
and  statesmen.  His  religious  faith  is  based  on  the  Uni- 
tarian-Universalist  doctrines,  as  set  forth  in  1872  or  1873  by 
Dr.  Bellows,  of  New  York,  in  the  Liberal  Christian.  He 
was  reared  in  the  bosom  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  years  was  swayed  by  deep  religious  feel- 
ing, painful  and  distressing  in  the  extreme.  The  thought 
that  “endless  woe”  should  exist  for  so  great  a part  of 
humanity  filled  him  with  fear  and  horror.  “ Time  and 
active  physical  labor  brought  some  relief,  but  being  endowed 
with  an  ever-present  consciousness  of  responsibility,  this 
dreadful  doctrine  hung  like  a dark  pall  over  my  life.” 
Later,  unable  to  subscribe  conscientiously  to  the  doctrine 
of  the  Trinity,  he  left  the  Church  of  England.  The  belief 
of  “ endless  misery”  did  not  leave  him,  however,  until  the 
winter  of  1S42,  when  he  heard  a discussion  between  Rev. 
G.  T.  Flanders,  a Universalist  minister,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Kellog,  a Methodist  minister,  by  which  he  was  led  to  a very 
careful,  earnest  and  exhaustive  examination  of  the  subject. 
Finally,  he  became  satisfied  of  the  truth  of  the  doctrine  that 
ultima'ely,  by  the  infinite  wisdom  and  beneficence  of  God, 
good  will  trium]5h  over  evil,  and  that  all  will  be  purified, 
and  in  the  end  brought  into  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  He 
was  married  in  June,  i860,  at  the  residence  of  Andrew  L. 
Grimes,  of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  to  Amelia  Adeline  Douglas,  of 
Lowell,  Massachusetts.  By  her  he  had  three  children,  Amy 
Louise,  Nellie  Frances,  and  Douglas  Chajmian.  Her 
decease  occurred,  December  ist,  1867,  at  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, where  she  was  sojourning  for  the  purpose  of  strength- 


i6o 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOr.EDI  A. 


eiiing  her  enfeebled  health.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
again  married  to  his  deceased  wife’s  sister,  Nellie  B.  Douglas, 
by  whom  he  has  had  one  child,  Roswell  Douglas. 


«.AKEMAN,  JOSEPH  F.,  now  Merchant,  was  born 
, in  Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  September  19th,  1812, 
and  was  the  second  son  of  Captain  Daniel  Lake- 
man  and  Susannah  Lakeman.  His  father  was  a 
prominent  sea  captain.  From  his  thirteenth  to 
his  fifteenth  year  he  was  placed  out  to  live,  and 
subsequently  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  wagon- 
making at  Hamilton,  M.rssachusetts.  He  finished  his  term 
of  apprenticeship  in  Salem,  in  the  s.ame  State,  in  his  twenty- 
first  year,  and  afterward  worked  as  a journeyman  in  Boston 
and  Lynn,  Massachusetts.  H.aving  imbibed  in  early  life  a 
strong  desire  to  make  the  West  his  home,  he  started  in  May, 
1837,  from  Boston  with  Cincinnati  as  an  objective  point, 
then  possessing  neither  friend  nor  relative  west  of  his  native 
State.  He  arrived  at  Cincinnati,  June  nth,  1837,  with  a 
chest  of  tools,  various  articles  of  clothing,  and  a three- 
dollar  broken  bank  bill  of  Michigan.  Upon  coming  to 
Cumminsville  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  E.  Knowlton, 
who  assisted  him  greatly  in  his  business  relations,  and  was 
instrumental  in  aiding  him  to  erect  a wagon  shop,  the  only 
one  then  in  existence  at  this  place,  on  what  is  now  the  north- 
east corner  of  Spring  Grove  avenue  and  Ludlow  street.  At 
the  opening  in  1851  of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & Dayton 
Railroad  he  was  appointed  Agent  of  Cumminsville  station, 
and  about  the  same  time  officiated  as  Postmaster,  which 
positions  he  held  for  thirteen  years,  when  he  resigned  both. 
During  that  time  he  held  the  office  also  of  Trustee  of  Cum- 
minsville Special  Road  District  for  a period  of  two  years, 
and  later  was  for  six  years  Clerk  in  the  same  body.  He 
was  also  elected  Trustee  of  Mill  Creek  township,  serving 
two  years ; and  later  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  same  town- 
ship, and  served  in  this  capacity  for  ten  years.  The  Latter 
office  made  him  also  Clerk  of  the  Mill  Creek  Township 
School  Board,  and  for  two  years  he  was  Supervisor  of  its 
schools.  In  those  days  great  energy  and  activity  were 
needed  to  insure  the  successful  establishment  there  of 
schools,  and  he  was  a prime  mover  in  having  established  in 
1852  a special  school  district,  serving  successively  as  Di- 
rector, President,  Clerk  and  Treasurer,  with  but  two  inter- 
vals of  one  year  each,  for  a period  of  eighteen  years.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  a Director  of  the  Hamilton  County  In- 
firmary, and  served  six  years;  he  was  also  Clerk  of  the  Board. 
In  1872  he  w.as  again  elected  to  the  same  office,  and  served 
for  a further  period  of  three  years.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  incorporated  village  of  Cumminsville,  a position 
which  he  occupied  during  the  ensuing  three  years.  At  the 
present  time  he  is  engaged  in  the  paint  and  wall-paper 
business  in  Cumminsville,  where  his  integrity  of  character 
and  generous  interest  in  the  local  religious  and  educational 


interests  have  won  for  him  the  esteem  of  the  general  com- 
munity. He  was  married,  March  loth,  1841,  to  Sarah 
Langlands,  of  Cumminsville,  who  died  without  issue,  Feb- 
ruary 4th,  1843;  agttin,  October  15th,  1846,  to  Mary 
Goodnow,  also  of  Cumminsville,  by  whom  he  has  had  ten 
children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


> AMES,  ELIAS  WILLIAM,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born  in  East  Union,  Coshocton  county,  Ohio, 
February  nth,  1837.  His  parents,  who  are  still 
living,  are  natives  also  of  Ohio.  His  father  has 
followed  through  life  .agricultural  pursuits.  His 
preliminary  education  was  obtained  in  a common 
school  located  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home.  He  then  pur- 
sued a higher  course  of  study  in  the  following  educational 
institutions;  the  academy,  at  West  Bedford,  one  year;  the 
college,  at  Oberlin,  Ohio,  one  year;  after  which  he  attended 
the  Spring  Mountain  Academy  (for  a time)  ; and  then  went 
to  Allegheny  College,  at  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  which 
institution  he  left  in  1859.  Until  he  had  attained  his  seven- 
teenth year  he  was  engaged  in  farm  labor.  At  the  termina- 
tion of  his  sojourn  in  the  last-named  place  he  returned  to 
his  home,  and  found  employment  in  teaching  in  the  High 
School,  West  Carlisle,  Coshocton  county,  for  a term  of  nine 
months,  after  which  he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  law 
under  the  guidance  of  Nicholas  & Williams,  well-known 
practitioners  of  his  native  county.  In  August,  1861,  he  en- 
tered the  Union  service  as  a private  in  Company  K of  the 
32d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  for  the  term  of 
three  years.  He  was  then  appointed  Orderly  Sergeant;  in 
January,  1862,  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  a Second 
Lieutenancy,  and  in  the  course  of  the  s.rme  year  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  C.aptain.  During  the  fall  and  winter 
of  1863  he  acted  as  Judge  Advocate  of  the  3d  Division, 
17th  Army  Corps,  at  Vicksburg,  and  held  this  office  until 
his  regiment  returned  to  the  North  and  was  reorganized, 
acting  with  General  Leggett’s  division.  He  served  three 
months  longer  than  the  term  of  his  enlistment,  and-  then  re- 
signed only  on  account  of  the  sickness  of  two  sisters,  who 
died  shortly  after  he  reached  home  in  the  fall  of  1864.  He 
participated  in  the  following  battles  and  engagements  : those 
of  western  Virginia,  under  Fremont,  including  Cross  Keys  ; 
of  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  when  he  was  engaged  for  a 
time  on  staff  duty;  and  of  Sherman’s  campaign,  in  the  ad- 
vance on  Atlanta  and  at  the  actions  before  that  place.  After 
the  capture  of  Atlanta  he  resigned  his  position  in  the  army 
and  returned  to  Coshocton,  Ohio,  where  he  resumed  the 
study  of  law  under  his  former  preceptors.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Carrollton,  Ohio,  in  1867,  after  having  taken  a 
law  course  at  the  Michigan  University, 'graduating  in  the 
class  of  1867.  He  first  located  in  his  profession  at  Kansas 
City,  Missouri,  where  he  resided  about  four  months,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  he  returned  to  Coshocton,  and  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENX’VCLOP.LDIA. 


i6i 


connection  with  John  D.  Nicholas  entered  upon  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession.  His  present  honorable  position 
as  a leadiii!^  legal  practitioner  is  the  legitimate  result  of  his 
untiring  diligence  and  perseverance,  since,  defraying  in  a 
great  measure  the  expenses  attending  his  early  training  by  his 
own  exert.ons,  he  was  compelled  to  rely  upon  himself  alone 
for  success  in  life.  He  was  married.  May  26lh,  1870,  to 
Cornelia  A.  Denver,  of  Wilmington,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has 
had  one  child. 

^ V T) 

v.'lf^UNT,  REV.  WILLIAM  ELLIS,  M.  A.,  was  born 
in  Pedricktown,  Salem  county.  New  Jersey,  P'eb- 
ruary  24th,  1833.  His  parents  were  Dr.  William 
F.  Hunt  and  Sarah  (Ellis)  Hunt.  He  is  of 
Scotch-Irish  extraction,  and  is  akin  to  Rev.  C. 
C.  Beatty,  D D.,  of  .Steubenville,  Ohio,  and  Hon. 
Thomas  Ewing,  late  of  Lanca.ster,  Ohio.  He  was  educated 
in  Pedricktown,  New  Jersey,  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio,  in  Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and 
in  .\llegheny  City  of  the  same  State.  He  took  the  degrees 
of  B.  A.  and  M.  A.  at  the  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg, 
Pennsyh’ania,  in  1853  and  1856.  In  the  Latter  year  he 
graduated  also  at  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  Al- 
legheny City,  Pennsylvania.  In  1848  he  had  united  with  the 
Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Steubenville.  He  was  soon 
thereafter  engaged  for  a year  in  clerking  in  a store,  and  al.so 
for  a brief  period  in  1851  acted  in  the  capacity  of  clerk  on 
a Ohio  river  steamboat.  In  1855  he  was  licensed  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Steubenville,  and  in  1857  ordained  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Coshocton  (now  Zanesville),  Ohio.  Since 
that  date  he  has  continued  uninterruptedly  in  charge  of  the 
church  at  that  place.  He  superintended  the  erection  of  a 
very  handsome  village  church  and  parsonage  here,  and  in 
various  ways  has  been  importantly  instrumental  in  advanc- 
ing the  interests  of  his  church  in  the  region  where  he  lives 
and  labors.  In  addition  to  other  work,  he  h.as  served  with 
ability  and  zeal  as  City  Councilman,  and  County  School 
Examiner.  He  has  been  a Director  of  a banking  associa- 
tion, and  also  a Director  of  the  Coshocton  G.as  Company, 
having  been  chiefly  instrumental  in  the  establishment  of  that 
enterprise,  and  of  a number  of  others  admirably  calculated 
to  promote  the  general  prosperity  and  welfare.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  in  1861  ; and 
was  a member  also  of  the  Presbyterian  Union  Convention 
of  1867,  both  of  which  were  held  in  Philarlel]3hia,  Pennsyl- 
vania; was  elected  a member  of  the  Assembly  of  1874,  but 
<lid  not  go.  In  the  Synod  of  Columbus  of  1875  1'*^  served 
as  Moderator,  and  for  many  years  has  been  a Director  of 
theWe.stern  Theological  Seminary,  at  Allegheny  City,  Penn- 
sylvania. During  his  career  he  has  contributed  extensively 
to  various  newspapers,  and  has  also  published  several  articles 
in  American  magazines  of  good  standing.  He  has  labored 
faithfully  and  with  fair  success  as  a spiritual  guide  and 
teacher,  and  also,  apart  from  his  strictly  clerical  duties,  has 
21 


worked  efficiently  to  increase  the  store  of  general  welfare 
and  happiness.  He  was  married  in  1855  to  Caroline  A. 
Totten,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  now  a family 
consisting  of  six  children. 


ELL,  JOHN  EDWIN,  Operator  in  Real-Estate, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  August 
26lh,  1831.  His  parents,  Walter  and  Jane  Bell, 
moved  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  arriving  in  that  city 
P'ebruary  nth,  1832.  His  father’s  decease  oc- 
curred, March  lyih,  1838,  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  he  then  being  engaged  trading  between  Cincin- 
nati and  New  Orleans.  His  mother  died  in  Cincinnati,  July 
23d,  1875.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Cincinnati,  and,  at  the  completion  of  an  allotted 
course  of  .study,  was  placed  to  learn  the  trade  of  pattern- 
making, which  calling  he  followed  until  1853.  In  this  year 
he  secured  employment  in  the  office  of  the  Auditor  of  Ham- 
ilton county,  Ohio,  and  in  the  capacity  of  Clerk  and  Deputy 
remained  there  until  March  bth,  1863.  He  then  assumed 
the  duties  as  Auditor  of  the  county,  having  been  elected  to 
that  position  at  the  preceding  October  election.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  he  gradually  withdrew  from  the  scenes 
of  the  political  arena  and  its  affairs,  and  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness of  operations  in  real  estate.  During  his  career  as  an 
official  and  public  man  he  has  been  the  recipient  of  many 
important  trusts  both  of  a public  and  private  nature,  in  the 
conduct  and  management  of  which  he  has  evinced  invariably 
the  possession  of  entire  capacity  and  sound  integrity.  He 
is  a P'reemason  of  high  standing,  having  attained  all  the  de- 
grees of  the  several  grades,  also  that  of  Honorary  Inspector- 
General  of  the  thirty-third  degree  A.  A.  Scottish  rite.  In 
the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  he  has  exhibited  a 
notable  zeal  and  activity.  He  has  fdled  with  credit  the 
several  positions  of  trust  in  the  State,  including  that  of  Grand 
Master,  and  at  this  time  is  the  Hon.  Representative  to  the 
Grand  I-odge  of  the  United  States.  He  is  a valuable  man 
among  the  number  of  leading  citizens  of  Cincinnati,  and  has 
been  importantly  instrumental,  either  as  prime  mover  or  as 
auxiliary,  in  pushing  to  completion  enterprises  calculated  to 
benefit  the  community  in  general. 


EART,  JOSEPH  E.,  Operator  in  Real-Estate, 
member  of  the  firm  of  Olden  & Heart,  was  born 
near  Chambersburg,  Franklin  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, November  22(1,  1823.  He  was  the  third 
child  in  a family  of  nine  children,  whose  parents 
were  I lenry  Waggoner  Heart  and  Rachel  (Ed- 
wards) Heart.  His  father,  a native  of  Chambersburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, followed  through  life  the  trade  of  blacksmithing, 
and  came  to  Carthage,  near  Cincinnati,  in  Ihe  fall  of  1848, 
where  he  still  lives  at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  His  mother. 


i62 


BIOGRAPillCAL  ENX'VCLOI’.EDIA. 


a native  of  Virginia,  near  Wheeling,  moved  with  her  hus- 
band to  Ohio  in  184S,  and  died  at  Carthage  in  1869.  The 
former  was  born  March  6th,  1797,  the  latter,  June  9th,  I797> 
the  fathers  of  both  having  died  before  their  births.  His 
early  education  was  limited  to  a seven-months’  term  at  the 
log  school-houses  of  frontier  settlements.  W'hile  in  his 
eighteenth  year  he  began  the  learning  of  the  blacksmith 
trade  at  Mercersburg,  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  remained  for  about  six  years.  He  subsequently  moved 
with  his  wife  and  parents  to  Carthage,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  at  his  trade  until  1863.  Dur- 
ing his  residence  there  he  was  intimately  identified,  in  various 
positions,  with  the  welfare  of  the  Carthage  schools,  and  for 
three  years  acted  as  a member  of  the  Township  Board  of 
Education.  In  1863  he  entered  the  Provost  Marshal’s  office 
of  the  P'irst  Congressional  Ohio  District,  and  remained  there, 
in  the  enrolling  department,  for  a period  of  about  sixteen 
months.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  under 
Richard  Calvin,  and  held  that  position  for  two  years.  I'rom 
1861  to  1865  he  was  elected  four  times  successively  to  the 
office  of  Trustee  of  Mill  Creek  township.  From  1866  to 
1869  he  acted  as  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  County  Infirm- 
ary; and  from  1867  to  1869  officiated  as  Chief  Deputy 
Sheriff  under  Henry  Schlotiman.  From  1869  to  1871  he 
vvas  Chief  Deputy  under  Colonel  Daniel  Weber.  In  1871 
he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  served 
in  this  capacity  for  two  years.  In  1875  engaged  in  the 
real  estate  business.  Politically  he  has  been  attached  to  the 
\Vhig  and  Republican  parties,  and  voted  first  for  General 
Winfield  Scott.  He  was  married,  November  2d,  1847, 
Catherine  Krebs,  of  Washington  county,  Maryland,  who 
died  May  20th,  1851,  at  Carthage,  leaving  issue  of  two 
children.  He  was  again  married,  July  26th,  1855,  to  Sarah 
Ann  ITiyden,  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio. 

.Vh'T,  JON.\THAN,  D.  D.  S.,  Dental  Surgeon,  was 
oil  ' born,  September  1 7th,  1820,  in  Russelville,  Brown 
‘’)W|  county,  Ohio.  After  a residence  of  two  years  in 
'''‘S  place  the  family  moved  to  the  mountainous 
regions  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  where  they  re- 
mained ten  years.  His  father,  Lyman  Taft,  was 
a native  of  Massachusetts,  who  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1818, 
and  his  mother  was  a native  of  Ohio.  Both  were  of  New 
England  stock,  and  of  Puritan  ancestry.  Lip  to  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  enjoyed  but  meagre  advantages  for  education, 
and  at  that  time  entered  an  academy  where  he  studied  two 
years,  gaining  some  knowledge  of  Greek  and  Latin  and  of 
mathematics.  The  succeeding  two  years  were  devoted  to 
farm  labor,  and  at  eighteen  he  engaged  as  teacher  in  a com- 
mon school,  continuing  in  this  capacity  about  four  years. 
He  commenced  in  this  period  the  study  of  natural  sciences, 
and  pursued  his  researches  with  industry  and  spirit.  In  the 
spring  of  1841  he  studied  dentistry  under  Dr.  George  D. 


Teetor,  in  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  after  a pupilage  of  eighteen 
months,  during  which  he  made  some  progress  in  all  its 
branches,  he  commenced  its  practice,  and  has  continued  in 
it  up  to  the  present  time.  In  the  pursuit  of  this  favorite 
profession  he  remained  in  Ripley  one  year,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Xenia,  Ohio,  residing  at  this  place  until  1858. 
During  this  period  he  did  something  to  increase  the  re- 
sources and  facilities  of  the  profession,  then  but  imperfectly 
developed,  and  in  1848  entered  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  and,  after  completing  two  courses,  graduated  in 
1850  from  that  institution.  In  1854  he  was  appointed  as 
Professor  of  “ Operative  Dentistry”  in  this  college,  and  has 
now  completed  his  twenty-first  year  in  this  chair,  and  has 
taught  longer  without  interruption  in  this  capacity  than  per- 
haps any  one  else  now  living.  For  the  greater  part  of  this 
period  he  has  been  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  this  institution, 
and  has  been  a member  of  the  Ohio  Dental  College  Asso- 
ciation since  its  organization  in  February,  1852,  having  been 
for  twenty  years  its  Secretary.  In  October,  1856,  in  co- 
partnership with  Dr.  George  Watt,  he  became  part  proprietor 
of  the  Dental  Register  of  the  IVest,  and  one  of  its  editors 
and  publishers,  and  in  a few  years  became  its  sole  pro- 
prietor, remaining  in  this  position  ever  since,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a short  period.  ICir  the  past  eight  years  he  has 
held  its  entire  editorial  management  and  control,  and  has 
devoted  more  than  twenty  years  of  unceasing  effort  to  the 
interests  of  this  publication,  which  has  been  the  recognized 
organ  of  the  profession  in  Ohio,  and  to  some  extent  through 
the  West.  This  publication  was  issued  quarterly  until 
July,  i860,  when  it  became  a monthly.  It  has  been  issued 
for  twenty  years  without  the  failure  of  a single  number.  In 
1866  the  title  was  changed  to  the  Dental  Register.  In  1857 
Dr.  Taft  removed  to  Cincinnati,  his  connection  with  the 
college  and  this  journal  having  much  to  do  with  this  change, 
though  for  two  years  prior  to  this  removal  he  had  practised 
his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  having  a business  connection 
with  Drs.  George  Watt  and  J.  Hamill  in  both  that  city  and 
Xenia.  Previous  to  his  editorial  work  on  the  Register  he 
had  written  a number  of  articles  in  the  interests  of  his  pro- 
fession, but  the  bulk  of  this  labor  was  greatly  inferior  to 
what  he  has  subsequently  accomplished.  He  kept  an  ac- 
curate record  of  experiments  and  modes  of  practice,  which  be- 
came of  invaluable  service  to  him  in  his  subsequent  literary 
work.  During  the  winter  of  1858-59  he  wrote  a treatise 
on  “Operative  Dentistry,”  which  was  received  so  well  that 
it  was  adopted  as  a text-book  in  the  colleges,  and  has  been 
relied  on  as  an  authority  wherever  the  science  is  known. 
It  has  been  translated  into  German  and  other  languages. 
The  second  edition,  revised  and  greatly  enlarged,  was  issued 
in  1868,  and  obtained  a very  large  sale.  During  the  last 
twenty  years  Dr.  Taft  has  devoted  his  attention  and  most 
earnest  efforts  towards  the  organization  and  support  of  dental 
associations,  regarding  them  as  of  incalculable  benefit  for 
the  development  and  progress  of  the  profession.  He  was 
a member  of  the  American  Society  of  Dental  Surgeons  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E N'  C V C 1. 0 P . -E  D I A . 


1S52;  became  a member  oT  the  American  Dental  Con- j City  Engineer,  holding  the  office  for  several  years.  He  re- 
vention  at  its  second  meeting  in  1856;  was  chosen  its  Presi-  ; mained  there  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he  raised 


dent  in  1863,  and  continued  in  his  attendance  at  these  annual 
gatherings  for  many  years.  He  was  one  of  the  twenty-four 
gentlemen  who  organized  the  American  Dental  Association 


Comiiany  D of  the  26th  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry,  of 
which  he  became  Captain.  He  was  sent  with  his  command 
to  Virginia,  where  he  was  attached  to  the  i ilh  Army  Corps. 


in  1859,  and  was  its  Secretary  from  the  date  of  its  inception  ' In  the  autumn  of  1862  he  was  detailed  upon  the  staff  of 

General  Carl  Schurz  as  Chief  of  Topographical  Engineers. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Eredericksburg,  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Gettysburg,  Wauhatchie,  Missionary  Ridge,  and 
in  many  other  important  engagements  and  skirmishes.  In 
the  fall  of  1864  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health  and 
settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  his  family  had  been  for  some 
time  living.  He  became  the  local  editor  of  the  Cinciuua/i 
Volkshlatt  in  1S65,  and  distinguished  himself  as  a skilful 
and  enterprising  new's  collector  and  as  a graceful  writer. 
He  remained  in  this  capacity  until  elected  City  Treasurer 
of  Cincinnati,  in  April,  1S75,  Democratic  ticket. 

Mr.  Ligowsky  is  a gentleman  of  scholarly  attainments,  and 
of  great  natural  ability  for  the  discharge  of  official  duties. 
His  c.ireer  as  a civil  engineer  and  journalist  was  distin- 
guished by  a thorough  comprehension  of  the  character  of 
the  work  committed  to  him,  and  by  thorough  competency 
to  perform  it.  His  record  as  a soldier  is  a meritorious  one, 
and  he  was,  while  in  the  army,  held  in  the  highest  estima- 
tion by  his  brother  officers.  Since  entering  upon  the  City 
Treasurership  he  has  given  ample  evidence  of  his  ability  to 
discharge  its  duties,  and  of  his  intention  to  allow  no  blemish 
to  occur  on  the  integrity  of  his  official  c.areer. 


until  186S,  when  he  was  chosen  as  its  presiding  officer.  He 
has  been  a member  of  the  Mississippi  \ alley  Dental  Society 
for  tw'enty-seven  years,  and  ha.s  not  been  absent  from  its  an- 
nual meetings,  with  perhaps  one  exception,  during  that  time. 
His  labors  have  been  conspicuous  in  over  fifty  different  pro- 
fessional associations,  and  has  during  the  past  twelve  years 
been  in  attendance  at  from  fifteen  to  thirty  societies  an- 
nually. In  1S67-68  he  was  engaged  with  some  of  his  pro- 
fessional brethren  in  obtaining  the  passage  of  a law  to  regu- 
late the  practice  of  dentistry  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  which  was 
enacted  May  8th,  1868,  and  it  has  proven,  as  was  anticipated, 
of  the  highest  benefit  to  the  public  and  the  profession.  This 
act  created  a Board  of  Examiners,  to  a membership  in  which 
he  was  at  once  appointed,  and  this  post  he  has  filled  with 
honor  ever  since,  occupying  during  the  entire  period  of  the 
existence  of  the  Board  the  chair  of  presiding  officer.  In 
July,  1875,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  the  “ Principles 
and  Practice  of  Operative  Dentistry”  in  the  Dental  College 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  where  he  devotes  part  of  the 
time  in  professional  teaching.  He  has  been  a patient  in- 
vestigator into  the  science  of  dentistiy,  and  has  accomplished 
the  most  beneficial  results  in  his  study  of  the  best  methods 
of  treatment.  He  has  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  right 
of  w’omen  to  study  and  pursue  this  profession,  and  has  w'on 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow'-citizens  for  his  candor,  his  industry, 
his  public  spirit  and  profound  learning.  For  seventeen  years 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  Cincinnati  Bethel,  and  for 
ten  years  has  been  connected  with  its  Board  of  Directors. 
He  hxs  aKvays  been  as  conscientious  a churchman  as  an 
investigator  in  the  domain  of  science.  In  1842  he  married 
Hannah  Collins,  of  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  has  three  cl.ildren 
living,  one  of  whom  is  Dr.  William  Taft,  dentist. 


i IGO\\SK\  , AUGUST,  Civil  Engineer,  Journalist, 
'I'reasurer  of  Cincinnati,  Chio,  was  born  in  West- 
phalia, Germany,  November  22d,  1826,  and  was 
educated  in  the  German  High  Schools.  Upon 
the  close  of  his  school  career  he  studied  civil  en- 
gineering. In  1846  he  entered  the  army,  serving 
one  year,  the  required  term  for  students,  and  then  assumed 
his  professional  duties  and  received  his  diploma.  In  1848 
he  entered  the  German  navy  and  served  for  some  years.  In 


HORNHILL,  FRENCH  W.,  Judge  of  the  Probate 
Court,  in  Coshocton,  Ohio,  is  a Virginian  by  birth, 
having  been  born  in  Culpepper  county,  in  that 
Slate,  on  the  21st  of  September,  1804.  He  is  of 
Irish-English  descent,  although  his  parents  were 
both  native  Viiginians.  His  general  education 
was  received  at  Harrisonburg,  Virginia.  He  attended  school 
there  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age  ; then  he  left  school 
and  began  the  reading  of  law  with  Colonel  Hall.  After 
pursuing  this  course  of  reading  for  a time  he  abandoned  the 
law  temporarily  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine. 
This  profession  seems  not  to  have  found  favor  with  him,  for 
when  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  he  gave  it  up  and  went 
to  learn  the  gunsmith’s  trade  with  McGilvary,  of  Bucking- 
ham. He  remained  with  him,  working  at  this  trade,  for  a 
])eriod  of  ten  years.  Then,  in  the  year  1830,  he  went  to 
Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  and  there  engaged  with  his  brother 
in  the  manufacture  of  brick.  This  occupied  him  for  about 
two  years,  when  ill  health  interfered  with  his  business.  For 
August,  1853,  he  arrived  in  Philadelphia,  and  engaged  with  several  years  his  health  remained  in  an  impaired  condition. 
Percival  Smith,  map  publisher,  as  the  surveyor  of  Clinton  When  it  permitted  him  to  resume  business  he  removed  to 
and  Lewis  counties.  New  Vork.  Finishing  the  duties  re-  West  Carlisle,  Coshocton  county,  and  there  engaged  in  mer- 
quired  of  him  in  this  connection  in  1855  he  went  to  Madison,  cantile  pursuits;  from  there  he  removed  to  West  Bedford, 
M isconsin,  where  he  became  Dejiuly  County  Surveyor  and  and  thence  to  East  Union.  For  over  thirty  years  he  was 


164 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


engaged  in  mercantile  business  in  these  places.  At  length 
he  removed  to  Coshocton,  and  in  May,  1875,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  to  the  position  of  Probate  Judge. 
In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected,  without  opposition, 
to  fill  the  office  for  a term  of  three  years.  Judicial  honors 
followed  magisterial  honors  in  his  case ; for,  betore  taking 
his  seat  on  the  bench,  he  had  held  the  position  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  over  twenty  years.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Democrat,  and  he  belongs  distinctively  to  the  “ Hard 
money  ” school.  He  has  represented  his  party  in  the  .State 
Legislature  at  various  times.  In  1836  he  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Representatives  for  Coshocton  and  Holmes, 
and  served  through  one  term.  In  the  year  1844  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  Coshocton  and  Guernsey, 
and  served  in  that  body  two  sessions.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1863,  and  con- 
tinued to  sit  in  the  House  until  1870.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  Speaker  pro  tempore  of  the  House  by  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  members.  He  has  been  twice  married. 
On  the  22d  of  November,  1828,  he  married  Sarah  Wolfen- 
barger,  of  Pocahontas  county,  Virginia.  She  died  in 
August,  1844.  In  November,  1844,  he  married  for  his 
second  wife  Mrs.  Ellen  Wright,  daughter  of  William  Ren- 
frew, an  early  settler  of  Coshocton,  who  /s  still  living. 


V.iTr^UBBELL,  HORATIO  NELSON,  Founder  and  for 
many  years  successful  conductor  of  the  Ohio  In- 
stitution for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  was  born  in 
Trumbull,  Fairfield  county,  Connecticut,  Sep- 
tember 9th,  1799.  From  a sketch  of  his  life, 
written  by  Rev.  Collins  Stone,  taken  substantially 
from  the  “Annals,”  are  culled  the  following  facts  : He 
was  the  eighth  child  in  a family  of  eighteen  children  whose 
father,  Nathan  Hubbell,  removed  from  the  province  of 
Nova  Scotia  to  Connecticut  in  1793.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  was  bound  as  an  apprentice  to  learn  the  hatter’s  trade  in 
the  neighboring  town  of  Brookfield.  About  this  time  he 
experienced  a change  of  heart,  and  consecrated  himself  to 
a life  of  benevolence  in  the  servicr  of  God.  His  mind 
seems  to  have  turned  almost  immediately  to  the  Christian 
ministry  and  missionary  work  as  coveted  fields  of  useful- 
ness. These  desires  were  warmly  cherished  until  Provi- 
dence opened  plainly  before  him  another  sphere  of  labor — 
one  nearly  allied  to  that  on  which  his  thoughts  were 
centred.  It  is  related  as  an  evidence  of  his  conscientious- 
ness that,  although  the  employment  selected  for  him  by  his 
father  was  distasteful  to  him,  he  yet  resolutely  and  even 
cheerfully  fulfilled  his  indentures.  Among  the  first  depu- 
tation of  missionaries  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  which  sailed 
in  1820,  was  Rev.  Samuel  Ruggles,  of  Brookfield.  From 
intercourse  with  this  excellent  man  he  became  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  enterprise,  and  became  filled  with  an  ardent 
desire  to  qualify  himself  for  labor  in  that  new  and  then  un- 


explored field.  Accordingly,  after  the  expiration  of  his 
apprenticeship,  September  9th,  1820,  he  applied  for  admis- 
sion to  the  Cornwall  school  for  the  purpose  of  preparing 
himself  for  missionary  work.  This  institution  was  under 
the  patronage  of  the  American  Board,  and  was  established 
for  the  education  of  heathen  youth,  the  children  of  mission- 
aries and  those  who  had  a missionary  life  in  view.  The 
lamented  Obookiah  was  at  that  time  one  of  the  inmates  of 
the  school.  He  devoted  himself  assiduously  to  his  studies, 
defraying  all  attendant  expenses  by  his  own  efforts,  and  in 
November,  1825,  offered  himself  to  the  Board  for  mission- 
ary service.  Of  the  obstacles  intervening  between  him  and 
his  original  intention  there  exists  no  visible  record.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  A.ssociation  of 
Hartford,  north,  P'ebruary  7th,  1826.  On  the  isl  of  the 
succeeding  September  he  sailed  from  Bridgeport  for  Bos- 
ton, on  his  w:y  to  Nova  Scotia,  the  home  of  his  paternal 
ancestors.  Having  supplied  himself  with  a quantity  of 
tracts  for  distribution,  he  sailed  for  Halifax,  September  14th, 
and  arrived  in  port  after  a passage  of  two  days.  A subse- 
quent passage  of  a week,  in  a small  fishing  vessel,  brought 
him  to  Greysborough,  the  residence  of  his  relatives.  After 
spending  a month  there  in  pleasant  intercourse  with  those 
relatives,  and  declining  to  take  charge  of  a parish  in  the 
vicinity,  he  returned  to  Connecticut.  In  the  spring  of 
1827,  on  the  suspension  of  the  Cornwall  school,  he  was 
invited  to  take  charge  of  twelve  Indian  boys  and  conduct 
them  to  the  Miami  University,  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  where  they 
were  to  complete  their  education.  The  journey  was  per- 
formed by  way  of  the  Erie  canal,  and  two  weeks  were 
consumed  in  reaching  Cleveland.  The  facilities  for  travel 
at  that  lime  were  so  imperfect  and  uncertain  that,  after  a 
delay  of  several  days,  the  company  left  on  foot,  taking  a 
straight  course  through  the  woods,  first  to  Massillon,  and 
thence,  passing  through  Columbus,  to  Oxford.  After  con- 
ducting his  charge  safely  to  the  appointed  destination,  he 
returned  to  Columbus  and  engaged  in  teaching.  A few 
months  previous  to  his  arriKal  a w'arm  interest  in  the  in- 
struction of  the  deaf  and  dumb  had  been  awakened  in  the 
community — an  interest  excited  and  matured  into  practical 
results  chiefly  by  the  efforts  of  Dr.  lloge,  of  Columbus. 
An  act  incorporating  an  institution  for  this  purpose  had  just 
passed  the  General  Assembly  and  a Board  of  Trustees  been 
organized,  of  which'  Governor  Trimble  was  {cx-ojjpcio') 
President  and  Dr.  Hoge  Secretary.  It  was  soon  perceived 
that  its  successful  operation  depended  upon  the  finding  a 
suitable  person  who  should  be  fully  qualified  to  act  as  in- 
structor to  the  deaf  mutes.  He  was  then  selected  to  fill  that 
responsible  post,  and  in  March,  1828,  went  to  Hartford  to 
prepare  himself  for  the  allotted  task.  He  remained  in  one 
of  the  institutions  there  for  about  eighteen  months,  wdtness- 
ing  with  profit  the  daily  processes  of  school-room  instruc- 
tion and  receiving  lessons  in  signs.  On  returning  to 
Columbus  he  opened  his  .School  for  the  Instruction  of  Deaf 
Mutes,  October  i6lh,  1829.  The  act  incorporating  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


institution  was  passed  in  April,  1827.  During  the  interval 
wliich  elapsed  before  its  organization  efforts  were  made  to 
enlighten  the  public  mind  with  regard  to  the  number  of 
deaf  and  dumb  people,  their  pitiable  condition  while  un- 
educated and  the  entire  feasibility  of  the  enterprise  pro- 
jected, as  shown  by  the  result  of  the  experiment  m insti- 
tutions already  established  in  the  country.  Circulars  were 
extensively  distributed  and  explanatory  advertisements  in- 
serted in  the  leading  papers  of  the  State.  Yet,  at  the 
opening,  but  three  pupils  from  the  vicinity  of  Columbus 
arrived,  and  of  these  tw'o  were  of  unsound  mind.  Before 
the  close  of  the  first  year,  however,  the  number  of  pupils 
had  increased  to  ten,  and  in  the  course  of  the  second  year 
to  twenty-two.  Eventually  the  house  rented  for  school 
purposes  became  so  crow'ded  with  the  constantly  increasing 
number  of  pupils  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  erect  a 
larger  and  permanent  structure  for  the  applicants  and 
actual  inmates.  It  is  not  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  care 
and  wearisome  labor  involved  in  conducting  such  an  insti- 
tution after  its  est.ablishment : to  enlist  the  good-will  of  the 
community  in  the  enterprise,  to  gain  confidence  by  a wise 
pecuniary  management,  to  erect  'suitable  buildings,  to  pro- 
cure and  prepare  competent  instructors,  to  maintain  order 
among  a comp.iny  of  fifty  or  sixty  young  persons  avho  had 
know’ia  not  a lesson  of  restraint  before — all  this  demanded 
no  small  amount  of  judgment,  prudence,  energy  and  skill. 
Also,  aside  from  the  sympathy  of  a few  benevolent  persons, 
the  misfortune  of  the  deaf  mute  had  up  to  that  time  excited 
little  attention  beyond  the  family  circle  of  the  afflicted  in- 
dividual. Doubts  were  entertained  respecting  the  possi- 
bility of  his  education,  while  parents  and  guardians  were 
not  easily  persuaded  to  commit  their  children  to  the  care 
of  strangers  where  the  prospect  of  their  receiving  benefit 
was  so  problematical.  In  January,  1851,  he  resigned  his 
position  as  Superintendent  of  the  institution,  but  at  the  re- 
tpiest  of  the  trustees  continued  to  perform  its  duties  till  the 
succeeding  October.  During  many  of  the  twenty-two  years 
of  his  connection  with  the  institution  he  had  discharged  the 
combined  duties  of  superintendent,  steward  and  treasurer. 
Within  this  time  462  deaf  and  dumb  children  had,  for 
periods  varying  in  duration,  enjoyed  the  privileges  of  in- 
struction. The  institution,  from  the  small  beginning  of  one 
sane  pupil  and  two  idiots,  had  grown  to  be  the  fourth  in 
the  country,  and  had  blessed  with  its  beneficence  nearly  a 
generation  of  the  deaf  mutes  of  the  State.  It  had  educated 
and  sent  forth  men  to  found  schools  at  Indianapolis,  Jack- 
sonville, Knoxville  and  Louisiana,  and  from  these  had 
sprung  the  si.ster  schools  of  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.  But  his 
influence  and  usefulness  were  not  confined  to  the  institution 
under  his  charge.  He  was  one  of  thirty-one  persons  who, 
in  1839,  united  to  form  the  Second  I’resbvterian  Church 
of  Columbus.  In  that  enterprise  he  took  a deep  and  active 
interest,  and,  as  primnrily  it  labored  under  many  embarrass- 
ments, contributed  liberally  of  his  means  to  advance  its 
welfare.  Eor  many  years  he  held  the  offices  of  elder  and 


165 

trustee,  and  was  ever  ready  to  aid  the  pastor  and  his 
brethren  by  counsel  and  by  active  co-operation.  In  the 
autumn  of  1853  he  received  the  appointment  of  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Dela- 
ware, Wisconsin,  then  about  to  be  opened.  He  declined 
the  appointment,  but  spent  a few  weeks  in  that  city  in 
organizing  the  school.  Although  not  engaged  in  active 
service,  after  the  close  of  his  connection  with  the  institu- 
tion, he  never  ceased  to  manifest  a warm  interest  in  all 
labors  designed  to  relieve  the  unfortunate.  During  the 
legislative  session  of  1854  he  presented  to  the  General 
Assembly  a memorial  urging  the  establishment  of  an  insti- 
tution for  the  education  and  training  of  the  idiot  population 
of  Ohio,  thus  taking  the  incipient  steps  which  have  since 
resulted  in  legislative  action  securing  the  desired  object. 
He  also  engaged  with  zeal  in  the  work  of  colportage.  The 
last  year  of  his  life  was  spent  in  preparing  for  the  jrress  a 
work  entitled  “ Dying  Words  of  Eminent  Persons.”  Its 
design  was  to  present,  in  marked  contrast  with  every  other 
principle,  the  power  of  Christian  faith  to  sustain  the  soul  in 
the  hour  of  its  extremity.  The  course  of  investigation  to 
which  he  was  led  in  collecting  material  for  the  volume 
“ was  a source  of  great  satisfaction  to  his  own  mind,”  and 
doubtless  contributed  much  to  prepare  him  for  his  peaceful 
and  triumphant  death.  On  a Saturday  he  completed  and 
arranged  his  manuscript,  and  on  the  succeeding  Monday 
was  himself  called  to  be  an  actor  in  the  scenes  through 
which  he  had  followed  so  many  others.  On  the  morning 
of  January  19th,  1857,  he  suffered  with  severe  paroxysms 
of  palpitation  and  distress.  His  disease,  an  affection  of  the 
heart,  was  approaching  a climax.  He  called  his  family 
around  him  and  took  leave  of  each  member;  he  sent  mes- 
sages to  the  absent,  to  his  former  pastor  and  to  the  church, 
for  which  he  expressed  his  unabated  affection.  He  sjioke 
of  his  love  for  his  family,  of  his  faith  in  Christ,  of  his 
readiness  to  depart  and  of  the  blessed  society  he  should 
soon  join.  While  being  removed  from  a sofa,  on  which  he 
was  reclining,  to  his  bed,  he  ceased  to  breathe.  At  his 
funeral  a discourse  was  delivered  by  his  former  pastor.  Rev. 
Henry  I..  Hitchcock,  D.  1)..  from  Revelations  xiv.  13.  On 
a subsequent  Sabbath  a discourse,  portraying  his  life,  char- 
acter and  labors,  was  delivered  in  the  sign  language  in  the 
chapel  of  the  institution,  by  the  superintendent,  to  a deeply 
interested  and  affected  assembly  of  pupils,  from  Psalms 
xxxvii.  37.  His  most  prominent  characteristic  was  ])rob- 
ably  energy,  combined  with  Christian  benevolence.  Ob- 
stacles only  stimulated  him  to  greater  exertions  and  more 
determined  perseverance.  That  he  po.sses.sed  a heart  of 
disinterested  and  warm  benevolence  the  entire  current 
of  his  life  bears  testimony.  No  other  proof  of  this  is 
needed  than  his  early  and  earnest  purpose  to  spend  his  life 
on  missionary  ground,  and  its  actual  devotion  to  the  diffi- 
cult and  self-denying  labor  of  relieving  a class  of  unfortu- 
nates upon  which  has  fallen  a pall  more  dreadful  than 
heathenism  itself.  His  efforts  for  the  relief  of  idiots,  for 


i66 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


(lie  church  and  for  the  neglected  and  ignorant  in  his  imme- 
diate neighhorhootl,  also  confirm  the  testimony.  The 
monument  which  he  has  left  of  his  labors  for  the  deaf 
mutes  of  Ohio  and  the  great  West  will  long  remain  to 
reflect  honor  upon  his  memory  and  to  attest  his  title  to  a 
jilace  among  the  real  benefactors  of  mankind.  On  the  day 
of  his  funeral,  at  a meeting  of  the  Instructors  of  the  Ohio 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  January  23d,  1857,  a 
series  of  resolutions  were  adopted  which  adverted  in  glow- 
ing terms  to  his  career  as  a Christian  and  philanthropist, 
and  expressed  also  the  profound  regret  of  all  at  his  un- 
expected and  unwished-for  demise. 


OORE,  REV.  HENRY  D.,  was  born,  November 
4th,  1822,  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  By 
reason  of  constitutional  weakness,  and  frequently 
recurring  sicknesses  during  childhood  and  youth, 
his  education  was  interrupted  by  withdrawals 
from  school  and  sojourns  in  country  places  with 
friends  of  his  family.  He,  however,  notwithstanding  these 
drawbacks,  was  prepared  in  the  excellent  academy  of  James 
Goodfellow,  in  Philadelphia,  for  a collegiate  course  of 
study,  and  at  the  early  age  of  fifteen  years  was  ready  to  be 
entered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  for  which  dis- 
tinguished school  his  parents  had  designed  him.  He  was 
compelled,  however,  to  pursue  his  further  studies  privately, 
which  he  did  with  some  degree  of  thoroughness  under  the 
direction  of  the  celebrated  clergyman,  Rev.  Samuel  B. 
Wylie,  1).  D.,  at  that  time  Emeritus  Professor  of  Languages 
in  the  University,  and  also  Teacher  of  Theology  to  such 
graduates  of  the  University  as  sought  to  pursue  the  Divine 
study.  Under  Ptr.  Wylie’s  culture  Mr.  Moore  prosecuted 
his  collegiate  and  divinity  studies,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
years  he  was  a licentiate  in  the  gospel  ministry.  At  the 
close  of  his  studies  Mr.  Moore’s  father  called  on  Dr.  Wylie 
to  thank  him  for  his  kindness  and  care  of  his  son’s  educa- 
tion. In  the  course  of  the  interview  the  venerable  and 
facetious  doctor  remarked:  “Mr.  Moore,  your  son  Henry 
will  be  a good  preacher,  but  he  will  make  a very  poor 
Covenanter,’’  that  being  the  denomination  of  Christians  of 
which  Dr.  Wylie  was  at  that  time  the  most  distinguished 
and  learned  preacher.  Mr.  Moore  entered  the  active  min- 
istry in  the  Congregational  denomination,  after  having 
served  for  one  year  as  assistant  pastor  to  the  Rev.  Thomas 
H.  Stockton,  at  that  time  pastor  of  the  Independent  Church, 
corner  of  Eleventh  and  Wood  streets,  Philadelphia.  Until 
the  year  1853  he  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Independent 
Church  (Congregational),  Philadelphia.  In  that  year  he 
left  Philadelphia,  on  account  of  ill  health  and  the  necessity 
for  climatory  change,  and  accepted  the  call  of  the  Old 
North  Church,  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire.  After  a short 
pastorate  there,  during  which  time  the  present  elegant  and 
spacious  house  of  worship  of  that  church  was  built,  he  was 


called  to  Portland,  Maine,  at  the  desire  of  pastors  and 
church  members  there,  to  organize  and  build  up  another 
church  of  the  denomination.  In  this  work  he  was  emi- 
nently successful ; and  after  a pastorate  there  of  ten  years 
he  was  again  compelled,  on  account  of  the  health  of  his 
family,  to  remove.  He  came  West,  and  after  sojourning  in 
Pittsburgh  for  a year  and  a half,  and  finding  the  climate 
West  beneficial,  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Vine  Street 
Congregational  Church,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  the  year 
1867.  In  1873,  being  very  much  reduced  in  strength,  and 
health  very  precarious,  he  removed  to  a prairie  city,  and  as 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  in  Springfield,  Illinois, 
he  labored,  in  a sort  of  invalid  work,  for  a year  and  a half, 
during  which  time  his  health  was  completely  restored. 
Early  in  1875  returned  to  Cincinnati,  which  is  now  his 
permanent  home.  Mr.  Moore  quite  early  developed  literary 
tastes,  and  for  several  years  indulged  literary  habits  and 
pursuits  to  the  extremity  of  health-prostration.  At  the  age 
of  fourteen  years  he  was  a poetic  contributor  to  the  Satur- 
day Evening  Post  and  Saturday  Courier,  of  Philadelphia. 
In  Allibone’s  “ Dictionary  of  American  Authors,”  his  name 
occurs  in  connection  with  a variety  of  literary  work  of  im- 
portant character  and  extended  usefulness.  As  a preacher 
he  has  always  been  favored  with  a large  share  of  the  sym- 
pathy and  attention  of  the  communities  where  he  has  lived. 
Though  liberal  in  doctrine,  even  to  the  very  verge  of 
Orthodoxy,  so  that  sometimes  his  friends  have  expressed 
solicitude  concerning  his  soundness  in  the  faith,  yet  he  has 
maintained  a true  evangelical  charity  and  given  utterance 
to  a true  evangelical  ministry  throughout.  His  love  of 
men  is  large,  and  his  sympathy  with  the  wandering  and 
weary  chi'ldren  of  the  Father  will  impress  any  listener  who 
is  hearing  him,  even  for  the  first  time.  His  charity  is 
large,  and  he  is  impatient  of  those  churchly  rules  and  re- 
straints and  prudencies  which  would  separate  the  minister 
from  the  “ publicans  and  sinners.”  Any  pulpit  or  platform, 
Christian  church  of  any  name,  or  synagogue  of  the  Jews, 
would  be  welcome  to  him  if  he  could,  by  such  or  any 
means,  reach  the  ears  and  hearts  of  men  with  the  message 
of  truth  and  of  redeeming  love.  These  characteristics  of 
Christian  and  ministerial  character,  together  with  an  elo- 
quent earnestness  of  address  and  a warm  genial  bearing 
towards  the  people,  have  made  Mr.  Moore  extremely  popular 
in  his  work  and"  beloved  by  thousands  of  admiring  friends. 


ONFORT,  HENRY  A.,  Superintendent  of  the 
House  of  Refuge  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born 
at  Fishkill  Plains,  Dutchess  county.  New  York, 
August  6th,  1835,  and  vi'as  the  oldest  of  seven 
children  whose  parents  were  Albert  H.  Monfort 
and  Elsie  (Wiltsie)  Monfort,  both  earnest  mem- 
bers of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church.  His  father,  a native 
of  New  York,  has  been  engaged  through  life  in  agricultural 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCL0P.L;DIA. 


167 


pursuits,  and  now  resides  on  Long  Isla’nd.  His  mother,  a 
native  of  Dutchess  county,  also  is  still  living.  His  clays  of 
boyhood  we.e  passed  alternately  in  working  on  a farm  in 
the  summer  months  and  attending  school  during  the  winter. 
While  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  became  engaged  in  teach- 
ing school,  an  avocation  which  he  followed  during  the 
ensuing  two  years.  The  next  two  years  were  devoted  to 
the  business  of  photograph itig,  at  the  expiration  of  which 
time  he  engaged  for  a period  of  four  years  in  merchandis- 
ing. In  1857  he  moved  to  the  West  and  settled  at  Mil- 
waukee, Wisconsin,  where  he  found  occupation  in  teaching 
for  about  one  year.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
and  upon  his  arrival  there  became  connected  as  an  employe 
with  the  house  of  John  Route  & Co.,  where  he  remained 
until  the  winter  of  1861.  He  then  moved  to  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York,  where  he  devoted  his  attention  for  one  year  to 
mercantile  pursuits,  afterward  leasing  Laurel  Bank  Semi- 
nary, in  Delaware  county,  New  York,  an  establishment 
which  was  conducted  by  him  during  the  following  two 
years.  In  April,  1864,  after  removing  to  Cincinnati,  he 
was  appointed  Assistant  Superintendent  of  the  Cincinnati 
House  of  Refuge,  and  in  May,  1866,  was  appointed  Super- 
intendent and  .Secretary  of  the  same  institution.  That 
office  he  has  since  continuously  filled,  a convincing  proof 
of  the  efficiency  of  his  management  and  of  the  esteem  in 
which  he  is  held  by  the  able  board  that  controls  the  work- 
ings of  the  establishment.  During  his  years  of  control  of 
the  House  of  Refuge  2744  children  have  passed  under  his 
supervision,  and  of  this  number,  the  majority  being  of  the 
criminal  classes,  it  is  estimated,  on  accepted  data,  that  at 
lea-st  2000  have  been  thoroughly  reformed  and  led  to  con- 
duct themselves  with  honesty  and  industry;  while  the 
various  arrangements  and  the  general  management  of  this 
institution  of  Cincinnati  are  scarcely  equalled  in  similar 
establishments  in  any  part  of  the  United  States.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  Church.  Politically,  he  is 
not  attached  blindly  to  any  party,  always  votes  for  those 
upon  whom  he  can  place  reliance  as  loyal  and  energetic 
citizens,  and  has  never  yet  attended  a public  political 
meeting.  He  w.as  married  in  February,  i860,  to  Ophelia 
S.  Hunting,  a native  of  Cincinnati,  and  daughter  of  the 
late  Richard  G.  Hunting. 


I 


I 


fxAD.STREET,  ED\\,\RD  P.AYSON,  was  born, 
June  5th,  1830,  at  Vermillion,  near  .Sandusky, 
Ohio.  He  is  a lineal  descendant  in  the  seventh 
generation  from  Simon  Bradstreet,  one  of  the 
colonial  governors  of  Massachusetts,  who  came 
over  with  his  wife,  the  noted  poetess,  Anne 
Bradstreet,  in  1630,  from  England  in  the  “Arabella  Stuart.” 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  second  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Stejrhen  1.  Bradstreet,  the  pioneer  clergyman  of 
Cleveland,  the  founder  and  long  minister  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  that  city,  who  removed  there  from  his 


home  in  Pelham,  New  Hampshire,  with  his  young  wife 
while  Cleveland  was  a small  village,  and  lived  and  labored 
there  and  elsewhere  in  northern  Ohio,  for  the  glory  of  God 
and  the  welfare  of  his  fellow-men,  till  his  early  death,  in 
1837,  among  those  who  knew  and  loved  him  best.  His 
widow,  one  of  the  Dana  descendants,  survived  him  but  one 
year.  Intelligent  and  beautiful,  endowed  with  all  that 
Christian  grace  can  bestow,  she  was  the  centre  of  affection 
of  her  family  and  friends  and  the  worthy  companion  of  her 
loving  husband  in  all  his  labors  and  trials,  and  their 
memory  is  fresh  in  the  hearts  of  the  Lake  Erie  pioneers, 
among  whom  in  the  Cleveland  Cemetery  they  have  long 
rested.  The  three  children  were  separated  by  this  bereave- 
ment, and  PIdward  was  reared  in  the  family  of  Alexander 
Garton,  a farmer  near  Oberlin,  tilt  he  was  sixteen  years 
old,  when  he  determined  to  obtain  a liberal  education  at 
all  hazards,  and  commenced  to  attend  the  Filyria  High 
School,  then  a prominent  institution  in  northern  Ohio. 
Here  he  fitted  himself  for  college,  working  his  way  as  best 
he  could,  his  inheritance  being  but  little  more  than  an  un- 
sullied and  beloved  name.  Leaving  there  with  the  higliest 
honors,  he,  in  1849,  entered  Western  Reserve  College, 
founded  by  his  father,  and  pushed  his  way  on  till  a quarrel 
among  the  professors,  followed  liy  many  of  them  resigning, 
induced  him  and  others  to  go  elsewhere,  and  he  chose  old 
Yale,  entering  the  same  grade  class  which  he  left,  after  the 
usual  severe  examination.  He  graduated  in  1853.  Re- 
turning West  he  taught  the  academy  in  Talmadge,  Ohio, 
for  a year,  and  then  went  to  Cincinnati  in  1854  and  com- 
menced reading  law  with  the  firm  of  Ferguson  & Long, 
teaching  in  the  daytime  in  the  public  schools  and  studying 
at  night.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  After 
several  months’  attention  to  office  practice  with  his  precep- 
tors, he  commenced,  in  1857,  as  partner  of  Henry  Snow, 
Esq.,  which  firm  continued  successfully  for  over  two  years, 
when  Mr.  Bradstreet  removed  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri, 
for  his  future  home.  In  i860  he  was  married  to  Mrs. 
Dolabella  Fraisse,  of  Vicksburg,  who  died  in  August, 
1867,  lamented  by  all  who  knew  her.  The  certainty  of 
coming  war  induced  his  return  to  Cincinnati,  late  in  i860, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  practising  his  profession.  A 
leading  object  of  his  life  has  been  to  aid  and  promote  all 
proper  attempts  to  advance  religion,  morality  and  the 
general  welfare  of  his  fellow-men.  Early  in  his  residence 
in  Cincinnati  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Young  Men’s 
Chri.stian  Association,  and  one  of  the  founders  and  early 
presidents  of  the  Cincinnati  Gymnasium.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Piducation,  and  aided  in 
the  plans  and  movements  for  establishing  the  jiresent  public 
library.  In  1867-68  he  was  a member  of  an  association  of 
gentlemen  whose  object  was  to  create  a public  sentiment  in 
favor  of  enforcing  law  and  order  on  Sunday,  and  with  his 
associates  devoted  much  time  and  labor  to  the  cause  in  a 
quiet  way,  with  excellent  results.  P'rom  1869  to  1871  he 
was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Homoeopathic  P'ree  Dis- 


i6S 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


pensary.  In  1S71-72  be  was  President  of  the  Ohio  De- 
partment of  the  National  Capital  Life  Insurance  Company, 
till  it  was  merged  in  the  Penn  Mutual  Company.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  chairman  of  a private  organization  whose 
object  was  to  unite  all  good  citizens  to  vote  for  the  best 
candidates  for  city  offices,  regardless  of  politics.  He  has 
been  for  years  a director  of  the  Young  Men’s  Bible  Society 
of  Cincinnati.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  .Superintendent 
of  St.  Paul’s  Episcopal  Church  Sunday-school,  and  has  re- 
mained so  ever  since,  gathering  around  him  a corps  of 
remarkable  teachers,  till  the  school  has  become  celebrated 
for  successful  efficiency.  During  the  same  period  he  was 
elected  anil  served  as  vestryman,  but  declined  re-election. 
In  1870  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Church  Guild 
of  Cincinnati,  and  continued  one  of  its  foremost  members 
and  officers,  especially  in  mission  work,  during  its  three 
years  of  successful  existence.  In  1872  he  was  among  the 
first  to  aid  in  establishing  the  Cincinnati  Society  for  Pre- 
vention £)f  Cruelty  to  Animals,  and  has  ever  since  been  one 
of  its  officers,  devoting  his  time  and  professional  services 
gratuitously.  He  has  been  for  years  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  famous  Kilwinning  Chapter  of  Royal  Arch  Masons.  In 
1872  he  was  again  elected  Director  of  the  Gymnasium,  and 
since  1874  has  been  its  President,  and  has  aided  in  making 
it  now  the  largest  and  best  in  the  country  and  one  of  the 
prominent  features  of  the  city.  During  the  yellow  fever 
plague  in  Memphis  he  devised  and  superintended  in  Cin- 
cinnati and  incited  in  New  York  and  other  cities  the  “ Bal- 
lot-box charities  ” on  election  day,  by  which  about  $20,000 
was  realized  for  the  orphans  and  sufferers,  and  afterwards 
also  a large  sum  in  Cincinnati  for  the  victims  of  the  great 
Southern  flood.  In  1875  elected  President  of  the 

Yale  Club.  To  attend  to  these  various  interests,  in  addition 
to  the  demands  of  a large  practice,  has  left  little  time  for 
rest  except  in  summer  vacations.  In  politics,  his  party  has 
until  lately  offered  small  inducem.ents  to  seek  for  personal 
preferment,  but  in  1874,  when  the  new  Ohio  Constitution 
seemed  about  to  be  adopted,  he  was  a prominent  condi- 
tional candidate  for  Common  Pleas  Judge,  and  no  doubt 
would  have  been  nominated  and  elected  had  the  constitu- 
tion been  adopted.  There  are  few  harder  or  more  success- 
ful workers  at  the  bar,  and  he  finds  in  rotation  of  outside 
duties  the  recreation  that  too  many  seek  only  in  the  foibles 
of  fashion  and  the  dissipations  of  city  life. 


age  of  fifteen  ; as  teacher  one  term,  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
and  one  year  spent  at  home  in  preparation  for  Yale  Col- 
lege (1821-22).  A specially  favoring  Providence  gave  him 
a teacher  in  the  common  school  able  to  introduce  him  into 
algebra,  trigonometry  and  surveying,  so  that  in  a class  of 
one  he  had  the  opportunity  there  to  make  himself  ac- 
(juainted  with  these  sciences  in  advance  of  the  usual  district 
school  course.  These  facilities,  coupled  with  the  township 
library,  which  was  pretty  thoroughly  explored,  constituted 
mainly  the  intellectual  nutriment  and  stimulus  of  his  youth. 
The  opportunities  for  college  culture  were  eagerly  em- 
braced and  richly  enjoyed  from  1822  to  1826,  when  he 
graduated  at  Yale,  after  which  he  was  a member  of  the 
Theological  .Seminaiy  of  Yale  University  two  years;  was 
then  ordained  as  a home  missionary,  July,  1828,  and  came 
to  Ohio  in  September  ensuing.  Having  -spent  about  two 
years  in  missionary  labor,  chiefly  in  Ashtabula  and  San- 
dusky City,  and  five  years  as  p.astor  of  the  church  of 
Austinburg,  he  accepted  a call  as  Professor  to  Oberlin 
College,  where  he  has  resided  since  September,  1835. 
has  been  ardently  devoted  to  his  chosen  vocation,  but 
nevertheless  he  has  found  some  time  and  abundant  energy 
to  devote  to  other  objects  of  public  interest.  From  1851  to 
1854  he  was  a director  of  the  Cleveland,  Norwalk  & Toledo 
Railroad.  In  the  line  of  literary  labor  he  edited  the 
Oberlin  Evangelist  eighteen  years,  and  wrote  for  it  regu- 
larly during  the  other  six  years  of  its  existence.  Since  1S63 
he  has  written  ten  volumes  in  exposition  of  the  Scriptures, 
embracing  the  entire  Old  Testament,  except  Job,  and  also 
the  entire  writings  of  the  Apostle  John  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment. In  politics  as  politics  he  has  not  taken  an  active 
part.  Of  course,  being  a New-Englander  by  birth  and 
education,  an  Ohioan  by  adoption  and  an  Oberlin  Professor 
by  vocation,  he  was  a devoted  anti-slavery  man,  and 
warmly  advocated  the  principles  of  his  faith.  He  acted 
with  the  Whig  party  till  1840;  then  with  the  anti-slavery 
party  until  the  Republican  party  was  organized,  and  ever 
since  then  he  has  labored  in  the  ranks  of  that  body.  He 
has  been  twice  married.  On  the  27th  of  July,  1830,  he 
married  Alice  Welch,  of  Norfolk,  Connecticut.  She  died 
on  the  14th  of  October,  1843,  leaving  him  six  children,  of 
whom  only  two  are  now  living.  On  the  21st  of  March, 
1844,  he  married  his  present  wife,  who  was  Mrs.  Minerva 
D.  Penfield. 


fOWLE.S,  HENRY,  Professor  in  Oberlin  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  was  born  at  Norfolk,  Litchfield 
county,  Connecticut,  on  the  24th  of  April,  1803. 
When  he  was  about  one  year  old  the  family  re- 
moved to  Colbrook,  in  Connecticut,  where  he 
resided  until  1822.  As  soon  as  he  was  old 
enough  to  work  he  was  occupied  in  farm  labor,  except  the 
time  spent  in  the  district  winter  school : as  pupil  till  the 


523, 


ONN.XLI.Y,  AUGUSTUS,  retired  Steamboat-man, 
was  born  at  Gallipolis,  Ohio,  February  2d,  1820. 
His  father  dying  when  he  was  a child  he  had 
early  to  shift  for  himself,  so  obtained  the  most 
valuable  part  of  his  schooling  among  men  in  the 
business  world.  Until  he  was  eighteen  years  of 
age  he  worked  on  a farm  and  otherwise  for  the  support 
of  his  mother’s  family.  Now  thinking  that  he  could  better 
his  condition  by  some  river  occupation,  the  Ohio  river  then 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


169 


being  the  great  trade  channel  for  the  surrounding  country, 
he  commenced  his  eventful  career  as  deck-hand  on  the 
steamer  “ Tribune,”  working  two  years  in  this  position. 
Being  temperate,  industrious  ana  trustworthy,  at  the  end 
of  this  hard  service  he  was  made  watchman  on  the 
“ Tribune.”  From  this  time  he  gradually  worked  along 
from  the  various  steamboat  ranks  until,  in  1842,  he  became 
commander  of  the  “ Win.  Phillips.”  When  a mere  boy 
he  had  formed  the  determination  to  be  a captain  of  one  of 
the  beautiful  floating  palaces  on  the  Ohio;  at  this  his  good 
mother  laughed,  thinking  it  a boy’s  dream,  yet  the  good 
lajdy  lived  long  after  he  had  gained  the  desired  goal.  The 
“Win.  Phillips”  he  ran  for  two  seasons  on  the  Wabash 
and  Kanawha  rivers,  owning  a small  interest  in  her  through 
the  instrumentality  of  friends.  Selling  his  interest  in  this 
boat,  he  immediately  purchased  another,  building,  equip- 
ping and  running,  in  all,  on  the  Ohio,  Mississippi  and  their 
tributaries,  nineteen  boats,  over  a space  of  twenty-two  years. 
In  1863  he  went  to  Pittsburgh  and  built  the  “ Paragon,”  at 
a cost  of  S66,ooo.  This  boat  he  at  once  put,  without  in- 
surance, into  the  Missouri  river  trade,  running  from  St. 
Louis  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  chiefly  in  private  business.  In 
1864,  having  had  a fortunate  season,  he  sold  the  “ Paragon,” 
realizing  handsomely  on  her.  Now  having  accumulated 
enough  to  satisfy  a reasonable  man,  and  risks  being  very 
great  on  available  steamers,  the  captain  determined  to  retire 
from  river  business ; accordingly  he  purchased  his  present 
fine  farm  near  Morrow,  Ohio.  This  is  said  to  be  the  finest 
farm  in  Warren  county.  Having  his  farm  in  the  most 
desirable  condition,  and  having  gathered  every  convenience 
and  comfort  around  a quiet  and  happy  home,  he  found 
himself  at  the  expiration  of  ten  years  yearning  for  a little 
of  the  old  excitement  and  fascination  of  the  river;  accord- 
tng'Xi  ttt  1874,  he  bought  the  “ Mary  Miller.”  Captain 
Donnally  thinks  that  hard  work,  correct  habits,  strict 
economy,  with  the  exercise  of  a few  grains  of  common 
sense,  have  more  to  do  with  the  accumulation  of  wealth 
than  lucky  stars  or  so-called  strokes  of  fortune.  His  was 
not  an  even  plain  road  to  fortune ; twice  he  lost  all  that  he 
had  gathered  in  years  of  toil,  and  his  history  is  that  of  few 
other  men  of  his  trade ; although  some  have  made  fortunes, 
few  have  served  apprenticeships  in  all  the  hard  grades  of 
this  craft.  He  married  Elizabeth  Smith,  of  Marietta,  Ohio, 
and  has  six  children  living. 

% ENDENHALL,  GEORGE,  Physician,  was  born 
I at  Sharon,  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  5th, 
I 1814,  his  parents  being  Aaron  and  I.ydia  Men- 
denhall.  His  descent  runs  down  from  the  early 
“ - Quaker  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  one  of  his  pater- 

nal ancestors  having  taken  a prominent  part  with 
William  Penn  in  the  “ Elm  Tree  Treaty”  with  the  Indians. 
His  mother  was  a sister  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Richardson, 


Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Ohio  from  1S18 
to  1822.  During  his  early  childhood  his  parents  removed 
to  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  w’here,  when  quite  a youth, 
he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Stanton,  of  Salem, 
Ohio,  as  a student.  In  1835,  when  he  w’as  less  than 
twenty-one  years  of  age-,  he  graduated  with  credit  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  May  of  that  year  he  went 
to  Cleveland  and  at  once  entered  upon  a successful  prac- 
tice. In  1837  he  was  appointed  Resident  Physician  to  the 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  where  he  remained  but  a few 
months,  when  he  resumed  his  practice  at  Cleveland.  In 
October,  1S38,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  S.  Maule,  of 
Philadelphia,  formerly  of  Richmond,  Virginia.  In  1843 
was  attacked  with  a pulmonary  disease,  which  threatened 
permanent  loss  of  health  and  compelled  him  to  abandon  the 
lake  region  for  a more  genial  climate.  He  settled  in  Cin- 
cinnati in  October  of  that  year.  His  health  was  impaired, 
he  was  among  strangers,  but  by  a strong  energy  and  the 
help  of  his  devoted  wife  his  circumstances,  at  first  discour- 
aging,  soon  brightened.  He  associated  himself  with  others 
in  the  conduct  of  the  City  Dispensary,  a charitable  medical 
institution,  with  no  compensation  to  the  attending  physi- 
cians. They  also  organized  a summer  school  of  medicine, 
which  was  carried  on  successfully  for  years;  and  in  1852 
organized  the  Miami  Medical  College.  The  prevalence  of 
cholera  from  1849  to  1852  entailed  upon  him  very  great 
labor,  but  he  lost  only  a single  day  from  sickness.  Ail 
through  the  twenty  years  dating  from  that  time  he  labored 
unremittingly  as  a practitioner,  as  a medical  teacher  and  as 
a contributor  to  medical  journals.  “ Mendenhall’s  Vade 
Mecum  ” was  one  of  the  most  successful  books  of  the  class 
ever  published.  In  the  year  1870  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  shortly  before 
his  decease  had  conferred  upon  him  the  high  honor  of  a 
fellowship  in  the  Obstetrical  Society  of  London.  His  repu- 
tation as  an  obstetrician  was  indeed  world-wide.  During 
the  rebellion  he  was  President  of  the  Cincinnati  branch 
of  the  Union  .Sanitary  Commission.  Dr.  Mendenhall  fell 
a victim  to  overwork.  He  was  stricken  down  with  an  at- 
tack of  apoplexy  in  the  year  1872,  from  which  he  never 
fully  rallied.  He  subsequently  visited  Europe  for  his 
health,  and  died  after  his  return,  June  4th,  1874,  in  the 
sixty-first  year  of  his  age.  He  was  a man  of  indomitable 
promptitude,  and  despised  one  who  shirked  duty ; was  ever 
unsparing  of  himself,  and  in  his  practice  was  so  systematic 
and  continuous  that  the  amount  of  labor  he  accomplished 
was  the  astonishment  of  his  profe.ssional  brethren.  His 
love  for  his  profession  was  such  that  it  amounted  to  a 
passion.  His  greatest  happiness  was  in  its  practice.  He 
never  used  tobacco  nor  alcoholic  stimulants,  nor  would  he, 
from  conscientious  motives,  prescribe  the  latter  for  his 
patients,  excepting  in  very  rare  cases,  and  then  with  ex- 
treme reluctance,  from  fear  of  the  formation  of  an  evil 
habit.  He  was  firm  as  a rock  for  the  right;  but  gentle, 
modest  and  kindly  as  a woman ; free  from  all  vanity. 


22 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


170 

hating  pretence,  with  an  exceeding  love  of  truth,  a warm, 
loving  heart  and  the  most  delicate  sense  of  honor.  A pro- 
fessional brother  said  of  him,  he  “ never  had  the  privilege 
of  knowing  a man  whose  virtues  and  talents  so  strongly 
commanded  his  regard.” 


AN,  JAIMES  II.,  Lawyer  and  ex-State 
fjjll  V Auditor,  was  born,  October  19th,  1808,  in  Berk- 
Ov  county,  Virginia,  and  moved  with  his  parents 

to  Ohio  in  1812,  settling  in  P'airfield  county. 

S’  Here  he  remained  until  1818,  when  he  went  to 
Franklin  county,  where  he  obtained  his  education 
in  the  common  schools.  Deciding  upon  following  the  pro- 
fession of  law,  when  eighteen  years  of  age  he  selected  as 
his  preceptor  Judge  O.  Parish,  of  Columbus,  witli  whom  he 
read.  In  1828  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  having  passed 
a very  meritorious  examination.  In  November  of  that  year 
he  was  married  to  Anna  Davis,  of  Marion,  Ohio.  Settling 
in  that  place,  he  opened  an  office  and  entered  upon  his 
practice,  which,  more  rapidly  than  is  usually  the  case,  be- 
came both  large  and  remunerative.  He  continued  in  his 
professional  calling  until  1850,  when  he  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Bell'efontaine  & Indiana  Railroad  Company, 
and  administered  for  six  years  the  duties  of  this  important 
office  with  care  and  rare  executive  ability.  He  then  re- 
signed the  presidency  of  the  road  and  resumed  practice. 
Colonel  Goodman  was  trying  a case  in  court  when  the 
news  reached  Marion  that  Fort  Sumter  had  been  taken  and 
that  President  Lincoln  had  called  for  troops.  He  asked 
for  and  was  granted  a continuance  of  the  cause,  and  en- 
listed as  a private  in  the  4th  Ohio  Regiment.  He  set  about 
raising  a company,  and  in  a few  days  had  its  ranks  full, 
and  was  appointed  its  Captain.  He  went  with  his  com- 
mand to  Camp  Jackson,  where  he  was  elected  Major  of  the 
regiment,  which  was  shortly  after  ordered  into  Western 
Virginia,  where  it  formed  part  of  McClellan’s  army.  Mr. 
Goodman  participated  in  the  battle  of  Rich  Mountain,  and 
within  a few  weeks  was  commissioned  as  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, being  advanced  eventually  to  the  position  of  Colonel. 
He  served  gallantly  in  the  battles  of  Romney,  Winchester, 
Blue  Gaps,  Charles  City  Court  House  and  Fredericksburg. 
In  the  latter  he  was  wounded  in  three  different  portions  of 
the  body,  and  in  July,  1863,  on  account  of  his  physical 
disability,  resulting  from  his  injuries,  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. After  the  war  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General 
for  distinguished  services  on  the  field.  During  1863  he 
was  nominated,  without  his  consent,  and  elected  as  Auditor 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  first 
term  was  re-elected.  In  this  position  he  conscientiously 
and  ably  discharged  the  duties  devolving  upon  him,  and 
earned  the  esteem  of  the  entire  citizenship  of  the  State 
without  regard  to  party  affiliations.  His  political  career 
commenced  early  in  life.  In  1835  he  was  elected  by  the 
Whigs  to  the  Legislature,  serving  in  the  lower  House,  and 


in  1838  was  re-elected.  In  1S40  he  was  elected  to  and 
filled  for  one  term  a seat  in  the  State  Senate.  His  first 
presidential  vote  was  cast  for  John  Quincy  Adams.  He 
was  a Vv'hig  up  to  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party, 
with  which  he  has  been  prominently  connected  ever  since. 
His  familiarity  with  accounts  has  led  to  his  appointment  as 
an  Examiner,  to  visit  the  various  counties  of  the  State  to 
look  over  the  books  of  their  auditors  and  treasurers.  He  is 
a profoundly  read  lawyer,  a careful  and  imp.artial  official 
and  an  enterprising  and  energetic  citizen,  and  is  generally 
respected  officially  as  well  as  professionally. 

UPPER,  BENJAMIN,  was  born  in  Stoughton, 
Massachusetts,  in  1738.  He  served  throughout 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  became  Brigadier- 
General.  In  1785  he  was  appointed  to  survey 
lands  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  and  helped  to  form 
the  Ohio  Land  Company.  Its  affairs  he  managed, 
living  in  Marietta  from  1788,  in  which  year  he  assisted  to 
hold  the  first  Civil  Court  in  the  Northwest  Territory.  Ap- 
pointed Judge,  he  presided  until  his  death  in  June,  1792. 


RIGHT,  ROBERT,  Manufacturer,  was  born  in 
^4  III  Portage  county,  Ohio,  June  2d,  1809.  His 
i I p^ii'ents  were  residents  of  Pennsylvania,  whence 
his  father,  a farmer,  removed  to  Ohio  in  1800. 

' His  early  education  was  received  at  the  county 
school,  in  Hocking  county,  whose  winter  sessions 
he  attended  until  he  had  reached  his  eighteenth  year. 
During  the  summer  months  of  those  years  he  was  engaged 
in  farm  labor.  Later,  he  also  taught  school  for  two  or 
three  terms  in  the  winter  season.  He  was  thus  employed 
as  a farm  hand  until  1835,  but  during  the  latter  years  of 
that  time  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  on  his  own 
account.  From  1835  until  1842  he  was  interested  in  the 
construction  of  the  Hocking  Valley  Canal,  having  secured  a 
contract  to  finish  five  miles  of  this  enterprise,  partly  in 
Athens  and  partly  in  Hocking  county.  From  1842  until 
1835  he  was  employed  entirely  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
in  the  latter  year  purchased  the  larger  portion  of  the  Hock- 
ing Falls  Mills,  securing  the  balance  of  the  property  in 
1862.  This  mill  was  built  by  Governor  Worthington,  of 
Ohio,  about  the  year  1818,  and  remained  in  the  possession 
of  his  family  until  1855.  Since  its  sale  the  present  owner 
has  continued  to  conduct  its  affairs,  and  in  connection  with 
it  is  extensively  interested  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 
The  farm  operated  by  him  at  the  present  time  has  been  in 
his  possession  since  1829.  In  1844  he  was  elected  a Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  but  resigned  this  office  in  1846.  He  also 
served  two  terms  of  three  years  each  as  County  Commis- 
sioner. In  1850  he  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  served 
three  years.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  also  by  the  Legis- 
lature one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens, 
Ohio,  a position  which  he  still  holds.  He  was  for  several 
years  a director  in  the  Logan  Branch  Bank  of  the  Slate  of 
Ohio.  Since  1866  he  has  been  a director  in  the  P'irst 
National  Bank  of  Logan,  and  is  a stockholder  in  the 
Columbus  & Hocking  Valley  Railroad.  He  is  interested 
also  in  the  building  development  of  the  town  and  in  its 
several  improvements.  His  present  residence,  the  hand- 
somest place  of  its  kind  in  Logan,  was  completed  in  1873. 
He  was  married  in  October,  1840,  to  Elmira  Hamblin,  by 
whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  boys  and  one  girl. 
Of  the  former,  two  are  lawyers  and  the  third  a farmer. 


*IRK,  ROBERT  C.,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
for  the  Thirteenth  Ohio  District,  was  born  on  the 
26th  of  February,  1821,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jeffer- 
son county,  Ohio.  Both  his  parents  were  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a Quaker,  a 
hatter  by  trade,  but  eventually  gave  up  that  occu- 
pation for  that  of  a farmer,  and  died  in  1838.  His  mother 
is  still  living,  at  the  age  of  eighty.  Robert,  in  his  early 
boyhood,  attended  district  school  in  his  native  place,  and 
having  obtained  the  full  benefit  of  their  resources  he  be- 
came a student  in  Franklin  College,  at  Athens,  Ohio,  and 
shortly  after  leaving  college  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  William  Hamilton, 
at  Mount  Pleasant.  After  a time  spent  thus  in  preliminary 
study  he  entered  the  old  University  at  Philadelphia,  where 
he  attended  lectures  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age. 
Then  he  left  the  University  and  at  once  removed  to  Fulton 
county,  Illinois,  where  he  began  professional  practice.  He 
practised  there  for  a short  time,  when  he  returned  to  Ohi 
in  the  fall  of  1843,  when  he  abandoned  the  practice  of  his 
profession  and  in  the  spring  of  1844  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Mount  Vernon.  He  formed  a partnership  with 
T.  W.  Rogers  in  the  dry-goods  business,  but  the  associa- 
tion ended  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Rogers.  When  it  ter- 
minated he  formed  a partnership  in  the  same  business  with 
John  Hogg,  his  father-in-law,  and  this  continued  until  the 
year  1853,  when  the  firm  sold  out  and  he  left  that  branch 
of  trade  permanently.  In  1857  he  went  to  Winona,  Minne- 
sota, and  was  associated  with  his  brother  as  dealers  in  real 
estate,  business  interests  and  the  associations  in  his  native 
State  causing  him  to  return  to  Ohio  in  1858,  and  has  re- 
mained there  ever  since  except  when  holding  official 
positions  abroad.  He  has  always  been  active  in  politics, 
and  was  a member  of  the  Democratic  party  till  1854,  but, 
disagreeing  with  his  party  on  the  currency  and  slavery 
cpiestions,  when  the  Missouri  Compromise  was  repealed  he 
left  the  Democratic  ranks,  and  has  ever  since  been  an 
earnest  opponent  of  the  Democratic  party.  In  1856  he 


was  elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Senate,  being  the 
fir.st  Republican  elected  from  that  district,  and  served  in 
that  body  during  one  term.  In  the  year  1859,  after  his 
return  from  Minnesota,  he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  the  State,  on  the  ticket  with  Governor  Dennison.  He 
served  for  two  years.  In  1862  he  received  from  President 
Lincoln  the  appointment  of  Minister  to  the  Argentine  Re- 
public. During  his  official  residence  at  Buenos  Ayres  he 
was  successful  in  settling  all  the  old  claims  due  American 
citizens,  amounting  to  over  four  hundred  thousand  dollars; 
these  claims  originated  in  1814  and  were  abandoned  by 
our  former  ministers.  Over  nineteen  thousand  dollars  were 
sent  from  Buenos  Ayres  to  Mr.  Bellows,  President  of  the 
United  Stales  Sanitary  Commission,  for  the  benefit  of  our 
soldiers,  during  Mr.  Kirk’s  residence  there.  This  position 
he  held  until  1866,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Ohio. 
In  1869  he  was  reappointed  by  President  Grant  to  the 
same  position,  but  resigned  again  in  1871,  returning  home 
in  January,  1872.  In  February,  1875,  ^6  received  from 
President  Grant  the  appointment  of  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue  of  the  Thirteenth  Ohio  District,  at  Mount  Vernon, 
and  that  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  an  earnest  stump- 
speaker,  and  does  effective  work  in  political  campaigns. 
He  was  married  on  the  l ith  of  December,  1843,  to  Fleanor 
Hogg,  daughter  of  John  Hogg  and  niece  of  old  William 
Hogg,  of  Brownsville,  Pennsylvania. 


FVIS,  HFNRV,  Architect,  was  born  in  Newport, 
Isle  of  Wight,  England,  on  November  loth, 
1834,  and  attended  the  schools  of  his  native 
place,  acquiring  by  industry  a substantial  educa- 
tion. He  remained  in  these  schools  until  four- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  removed  with  his 
father’s  family  to  Toronto,  Canada,  where  he  resided  two 
years.  From  this  place  he  went  to  Hamilton,  Canada,  and 
was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  a builder  and  mill- 
wright, and  in  this  occupation  continued  three  years  and  a 
half.  In  1858  he  came  to  Cincinnati,  and  followed  pattern- 
making  until  1861.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  was  in 
Illinois,  and  enlisted,  under  the  first  call  to  arms,  as  a 
private  in  the  41st  Illinois  Volunteers.  He  was  in  a short 
lime  appointed  Orderly  Sergeant,  and  subsequently  pro- 
moted to  a First-Lieutenancy,  in  which  position  he  served 
fifteen  months,  and  then  was  compelled  to  resign  on  ac- 
count of  failing  health.  Upon  leaving  the  army  he  returned 
to  Clinton,  De  Witt  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  engaged 
as  a carpenter  and  builder  until  1866.  He  then  removed 
back  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  resumed  pattern-making, 
which  he  followed  until  1868,  when  he  commenced  archi- 
tectural drafting,  and  has  continued  thus  engaged  up  to  the 
present  time.  He  is  a skilful  and  rapid  designer,  his  plans 
displaying  originality  and  fine  taste  in  their  arrangement 
and  adornment.  He  is  a member,  in  excellent  standing, 


1/2 


BIOGRAPIIIC;\L  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


of  the  Architectural  Chapter  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  liberally 
patronized  by  the  builders  and  capitalists  of  that  city.  Ilis 
place  of  business  is  at  No.  163  Central  avenue.  lie  was 
married,  July  4th,  1862,  to  Kate,  daughter  of  Patrick  Develiii, 
Esq.,  of  Dublin.  He  is  highly  esteemed  in  social  and  pro- 
fessional circles,  as  a gentleman  of  energy,  culture,  and 
public  spirit. 


IIILLIP.S,  THO.MA.S  II.,  M.  D.,  of  Canton,  was 
born  in  Cannonsburg,  Washington  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  March  25th,  1839.  Ilis  parents 
were  John  W.  and  Nancy  (Hanson)  Phillips. 
Having  acquired  its  rudiments,  he  finished  his 
education  at  Jefferson  Literary  College,  located  in 
his  native  town.  Selecting  the  medical  profession,  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  Dr.  George  H.  Cook,  in  Cannonsburg,  in 
1859,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  until  the  winter  of  1862- 
63,  when  he  matriculated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  from  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of 
1864.  Previous  to  graduating,  however,  and  during  the 
summer  of  1863,  he  entered  the  United  States  service  for 
nine  months  as  an  Assistant  Surgeon.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  service  he  completed  his  course  at  Jeffer.son,  and 
receiving  his  degree,  again  joined  the  army  in  1864,  as  As- 
sistant Surgeon  of  the  79th  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  In 
this  capacity  he  rendered  valuable  service  until  he  was  mus- 
tered out  in  September,  1865.  He  then  located  himself  at 
West  Middletown,  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
successfully  practised  there  until  his  removal  to  Canton  in 
the  spring  of  1869.  During  his  residence  in  Pennsylvania, 
he  became  a member  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and 
since  locating  in  Canton  has  connected  himself  with  the 
District  Medical  Association.  Although  but  lately  settled  in 
Canton,  Dr.  Phillips’  professional  ability  has  been  duly  recog- 
nized in  his  new  abode,  and  he  has  acquired  a good  share 
of  patronage,  and  ranks  among  the  ablest  of  the  profession 
in  that  town.  While  his  practice  necessarily  is  a general 
one,  his  special  aim  is  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  women. 
He  was  married  in  February,  1868,  to  Irene  Lindsay,  of 
West  Middletown,  Pennsylvania. 


C'YjMOODWARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Dentist,  is  of 
I I II  New  England  nativity,  having  been  born  at  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut,  on  the  12th  of  January,  1843. 
His  parents,  Caleb  and  Amanda  (Scott)  Wood- 
ward, were  both  descended  from  the  old  Revolu- 
tionary stock  of  Connecticut,  his  mother  belonging 
to  the  same  family  as  that  from  which  General  Winfield 
Scott  was  descended.  In  the  year  1850  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  there  he  received  his  general 
education  in  the  schools  of  the  place.  In  1858  he  went 
through  a course  of  special  studies  with  General  Ammen, 


of  Cincinnati.  He  then  returned  to  Ripley  and  pursued  a 
course  of  professional  studies  under  his  father,  who  was  a 
dentist,  and  whose  profession  the  son  had  decided  to  adopt. 
In  1861  he  entered  upon  his  first  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Ohio  Dental  College.  From  this  institution  he  graduated, 
with  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  in  the  month  of  February,  1864. 
Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  entered  the  army,  and 
continued  in  the  volunteer  service  until  the  close  of  the  war 
in  1865.  After  leaving  the  army  he  returned  again  to 
Ripley,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  con- 
nection with  his  father.  This  association  continued  until 
about  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Vernon.  There  he  re- 
mained practising  until  1871,  and  then  he  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati. There  he  has  ever  since  remained,  engaged  in  a 
practice  that  grew  rapidly  to  large  proportions.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Dental  Association,  and 
of  the  society  of  the  class  of  1864  of  his  Alma  Male/- 


li^ICHMOND,  JOHN  M.,  Clergyman,  was  born  on 
the  13th  of  May,  1848,  in  Ayr,  Ontario,  Canada. 
He  is  of  Scotch  descent,  both  his  parents  having 
been  natives  of  Ayrshire,  Scotland.  He  studied 
at  the  University  of  Toronto,  Canada,  and  after 
leaving  that  institution,  he  entered  the  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  and  in  April,  1871, 
he  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick,  at 
Trenton,  New  Jersey.  In  the  year  1872  he  was  called  to 
the  charge  of  the  congregation  of  Hope  Church,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  and  was  ordained  and  installed  on  the  l8th  of  April, 
1872.  He  still  occupies  the  position  of  pastor  there,  and 
fulfils  all  the  duties  of  his  sacred  office  in  such  a manner  as 
to  win  the  confidence,  esteem  and  love  of  all.  He  was 
married  on  the  nth  of  May,  1871,  to  Julia  E.  Phillips,  of 
Princeton,  New  Jersey. 


LENNERHASSETT,  HON.  HARMAN,  was 
born  in  Hampshire,  England,  in  1767.  He  was 
descended  from  a noble  Irish  family,  and  his 
parents  were  in  England  on  a visit  at  the  time  of 
his  birth.  He  was  thoroughly  educated,  and  grew 
up  an  accomplished  and  scholarly  gentleman. 
At  the  death  of  his  father  he  inherited  a large  estate,  but 
he  became  politically  involved  in  the  troubles  of  Ireland, 
and  disposed  of  it,  taking  up  his  residence  in  England. 
Here  he  married  into  a family  of  distinction,  his  wife  being 
Margaret  Agnew,  daughter  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  Isle  of  Man.  Being  too  free  in  the  expression  of  his 
republican  views,  he  found  it  advisable  to  leave  England. 
He  arrived  in  New  York  in  1797,  where  his  wealth  and 
social  position  brought  him  at  once  into  prominence.  His 
stay  in  New  York  was  brief,  as  he  departed  for  Marietta, 
and  arrived  in  the  same  year.  He  soon  after  purchased  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP-EDIA. 


173 


plnntation  on  an  '^lantl  in  the  Ohio  river,  since  famous  as 
“ Blennerhasselt’s  Llancl.”  Upon  this  island  he  spent 
considerable  sums  in  improvements,  and  lived  a life  of 
elegance.  He  was  a man  of  literary  tastes,  and  a fine 
musician.  He  was  a very  hospitable  neighbor,  and  kind 
and  charitable  to  the  unfortunate.  The  splendors  of  his 
home  and  the  delightful  features  of  the  social  life,  of  which 
he  was  the  brilliant  centre,  have  been  celebrated  in  prose 
and  verse.  In  1805  Aaron  Burr  visited  the  island  and 
first  met  the  owner.  The  great  intriguer  opened  his 
dazzling  southwestern  scheme,  and  from  that  moment  the 
proprietor  was  doomed.  He  became  involved  in  the 
“ Burr  Conspiracy,”  his  beautiful  home  was  invaded  by 
armed  men,  and  his  family  subjected  to  insult.  The 
property  was  much  damaged.  The  owner  was  tried  for 
treason,  but  was  acquitted.  This  was  only  the  beginning 
of  a long  succession  of  troubles ; misfortune  followed  upon 
misfortune,  and  he  died  in  poveity,  in  the  island  of 
Guernsey,  in  1831.  His  accomplished  wife  survived  him 
eleven  years,  dying  iii  New  York,  in  1842.  Not  a vestige 
remains  of  their  once  happy  home. 


the  old  law,  and  during  the  late  war  was  Hospital  .Surgeon 
at  Camp  Dennison.  O.i  the  12th  of  October,  1S75,  he  was 
elected  as  a Republican  to  the  State  Legislature  of  Ohio. 
He  has  at  all  times  been  closely  identified  with  educational 
matters,  and  has  been  a faithful  advocate  for  the  cause  of 
temperance,  having  at  no  period  of  his  life  imbibed  liquor 
as  a beverage.  Thirty-nine  years  of  incessant  labor  at  his 
profession  has  not  impaired  either  his  physical  or  mental 
energies.  During  his  practice  some  of  the  ablest  and  most 
successful  physicians  of  Hamilton  county  have  studied  under 
his  supervision.  He  was  married  January  3d,  1833,  to 
Rachel  McGee  Wilson,  who  died  June  29th,  1839.  He  af- 
terwards married  Catherine  V.  Cosbey,  in  November, 
1840,  who  died  May  3d,  1859.  On  April  loth,  1S60,  he 
was  married  to  Sarepta  Robinson,  widow  of  Samuel  Slaback. 
In  1S75,  having  sold  their  property  in  the  town  of  Mont- 
gomery, Sycamore  township,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  they 
purchased  a comfortable  residence  in  the  town  of  Madeira, 
Columbia  township,  where  they  hope  to  spend  the  remain- 
der of  their  lives. 


.LYLOR,  JOHN  E.,  M.  D.,  was  born  February  15th, 
lSo3,  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  near  Cynthi- 
ana.  Of  a family  of  ten  children  he  was  the 
eighth.  He  was  the  son  of  Ralph  and  Nancy 
(Stewart)  Naylor,  both  natives  of  Cumberland 
county,  Pennsylvania,  who,  after  a residence  of 
many  years  in  that  county,  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  where 
his  mother  died.  His  father  being  a man  of  strong  anti- 
slavery opinions,  and  opplosed  to  raising  his  family  in  a slave 
State,  came  to  Ohio  and  settled  in  Clermont  county,  where 
he  lived  until  his  death,  which  occurred  August  25th,  1827. 
The  early  life  of  John  E.  Naylor  was  passed  at  hard  work 
on  his  father’s  farm,  and  his  education  was  obtained  at  in- 
tervals in  attending  the  ordinary  country  schools  in  the 
vicinity.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  learning  the 
trade  of  tanner  at  New  Richmond,  Ohio,  which  he  diligently 
pursued  till  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  impaired  health,  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  it. 
He  now  devoted  himself  to  study,  and  succeeding  in  quali- 
fying himself,  he  beg.in,  in  1831,  teaching  school,  and 
during  the  intervals  of  his  labor  attended  a course  of  study 
at  Lane  Seminary,  preparatory  to  the  reading  of  medicine, 
which  he  had  selected  as  a profession.  Soon  after  he  en- 
tered the  Ohio  Medical  College,  anrl  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  1836,  and  the  following  summer  commenced 
practice  with  Dr.  Duncan,  at  Montgomery,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  Dr.  Duncan  having 
been  elected  to  Congress,  transferred  his  practice  to  Dr. 
Naylor,  who  has  continued  the  duties  of  his  profession  in 
Montgomery  and  the  adjoining  counties,  up  to  the  present 
lime.  For  several  years  he  was  Surgeon  of  Militia,  under 


^LOWERS,  JOAB  R.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  New 
Lisbon,  Ohio,  July  25th,  1836.  His  father,  origi- 
nally a Methodist  preacher,  was  in  later  years  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  allopathic  medicine  in 
Perry  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  in  Delaware,  Ohio, 
and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  guidance 
^ of  his  father  in  1853.  In  1855  he  attended  a course  of  lec- 
tures in  the  Starling  Medical  College,  and  subsequently  en- 
tered the  office  of  Professor  J.  W.  Hamilton,  in  order  to 
study  surgery.  In  August,  1857,  he  was  appointed  Apothe- 
cary of  the  Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  which  office  he 
; retained  until,  in  1859,  he  received  the  appointment  of  As- 
j sistant  Physician  to  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  under  Dr.  J.  W- 
I Hamilton.  In  the  following  year.  Dr.  D.  R.  Kinsell,  a 
] homoeopathic  physician,  was  appointed  successor  to  Dr. 

! Hamilton,  while  he  was  retained  and  placed  in  charge  of 
^ the  surgical  department.  He  then  availed  himself  of  the 
favorable  opportunity  thus  presenting  itself  for  the  thorough 
\ investigation  of  the  new  system,  and  was  soon  convinced  of 
' its  great  superiority  over  the  allo])athic  practice  of  medicine. 
He  remained  at  the  hospital  with  Dr.  Kinsell  for  two  years. 
In  1861  he  graduated  at  the  Western  Homoeopathic  College, 
; in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  in  the  following  February  entered 
! on  the  general  practice  of  his  profession  in  conjunction  with 
Dr.  Kinsell.  Two  years  later  he  was  professionally  engaged 
alone.  In  1872  he  foioned  a partnership  with  Dr.  A.  O. 
Blair,  a well-known  western  pioneer  of  the  Hahnemann 
school.  He  served  one  week  during  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion. At  the  present  lime  he  is  a member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Columbus,  was  elected  President  of  the  Homneo- 
pathic  Slate  Medical  Society  in  1875,  nominated 


174 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


for  the  office  of  State  Legislator  by  the  Republican  party  of 
Franklin  county  in  1875.  married  in  l86j  to 

Louisa  R.  Conners,  the  daughter  of  an  old-school  physician. 


•TEWART,  GILBERT  HOLLAND,  Lawyer,  was 
born  at  Boston,  Massachusetts,  on  the  15th  of 
March,  1847.  He  is  of  New  England  stock  as 
well  as  of  New  England  birth,  both  his  father  and 
his  mother  having  been  natives  of  the  State  of 
Maine.  His  father  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  in  1851  removed  with  his  family  to  East  Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts.  At  that  time  Gilbert  was  four  years 
old,  and  shortly  afterwards  he  commenced  going  to  Putnam 
school.  When  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
Cambridge  High  School.  His  course  of  study  there  occu- 
pied four  years,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  he  left  the  High 
School  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  the  class  of  1868. 
He  studied  at  the  college  until  the  year  1867,  and  then  en- 
tered the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  was  a student  there  for 
a period  of  six  months.  Leaving  school  now,  he  went  to 
Gallon,  Ohio,  where  he  arrived  on  the  19th  of  [tily,  1867, 
and  hegan  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  H.  C.  Carhart. 
He  studied  with  Mr.  Carhart  until  May  5th,  1869,  and  then 
was  admitted  as  a member  of  the  bar  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 
He  remained  at  Gabon,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
until  .Ypril  15th,  1873,  practising  alone.  Then  he  removed 
to  Columbus,  and  there  formed  a partnershi|r  with  R.  P. 
Woodruff,  which  partnership  still  continues.  In  politics  he 
is  a Republican.  He  was  married,  June  22d,  1875,  to 
Clara  L.  Ogden,  daughter  of  Professor  John  Ogden,  of 
AVorthington,  Ohio. 


TEVENSON,  ROBERT  W.,  Superintendent  of 
Public  Schools  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born  near 
Zanesville  in  the  same  State,  July  1st,  1S33,  de- 
scending from  Scotch  ancestry.  His  father  was 
by  occupation  a farmer,  and  his  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  a Reformed  Presbyterian  clergyman. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  by  his  grandfather,  and  gradu- 
ated with  distinction  from  Madison  College,  Antrim,  Ohio, 
in  1854,  after  pursuing  a very  thorough  and  comprehensive 
course  of  study.  Upon  leaving  this  institution  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  law,  engaging  at  the  same  time  in 
teaching  school.  In  1855,  before  he  had  completed  his  law 
course,  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools 
of  Dresden,  and  continued  in  this  position  until  1S60,  when 
he  was  appointed  to  the  same  office  at  Norwalk,  Ohio, 
which  he  held  for  eleven  years.  In  July,  1871,  he  was  ten- 
dered the  position  of  Superintendent  of  Public  .Schools  at 
the  State  capital,  accepted  it,  and  entered  at  once  upon  its 
duties,  which  he  still  fulfils.  He  has  been  both  Treasurer 
and  President  of  the  Ohio  .State  Teachers’  Association,  as 


well  as  Secretary  of  the  National  Association  of  Superin- 
tendents. Mr.  Stevenson  is  a man  of  rare  culture,  and  has 
ail  the  qualifications  necessary  to  take  rank  as  a leading 
educator.  For  twenty  years  he  has  devoted  his  attention 
to  the  improvement  of  the  systems  for  popular  instruction, 
and  in  that  time  has  accomplished  reforms  and  developed 
methods  of  such  practical  utility  as  to  merit  the  esteem  of 
the  public  wherever  his  name  is  mentioned.  Since  his  ad- 
vent to  the  superintendency  of  schools  at  Columbus,  they 
have  been  placed  in  a flourishing  condition,  and  individu- 
ally, or  as  parts  of  a general  system,  they  receive  the  highest 
commendation  of  all  who  take  a deep  interest  in  the  cause 
of  popular  instruction.  Mr.  Stevenson  is  well  and  honora- 
bly known  to  all  the  leaders  in  this  cause,  not  only  in  his 
own  State,  but  through  the  country  at  large,  and  his  voice  is 
potential  in  the  important  proceedings  of  the  State  Teachers’ 
as  well  as  the  National  Superintendents’  Associations.  In 
1856  he  was  married  to  Rebecca  McConnell. 


NDREWS,  WILLIAM  IL,  Merchant,  of  Cincin- 
nati, was  born  in  Youngsville,  Warren  county, 
Pennsylvania,  January  14th,  1840,  being  the  son 
of  Dr.  J.  Andrews,  who  settled  in  Pennsylvania 
at  an  early  age.  William  H.  left  his  home  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  years,  and  went  to  Jamestown, 
New  York,  where  he  obtained  a clerkship  in  the  dry-goods 
store  of  Will  & Stevens,  where  he  remained  until  1861. 
He  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  on  his  own 
account  in  the  same  line  of  business,  and  soon  after  opened 
a branch  store  at  Akron,  Ohio.  In  1865  he  sold  his  inter- 
ests in  Ohio,  and  concentrated  them  in  the  oil  region  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  there  did  a very  large  and  lucrative  busi- 
ness; and  in  1870  he  opened  a wholesale  and  retail  dry- 
goods  house  in  Titusville,  the  metropolis  of  the  oil  country. 
About  the  same  time  that  Mr.  Andrews  commenced  busi- 
ness in  Titusville,  the  oil  excitement  was  running  high, 
which  caused  the  emigration  to  the  place  of  first-class  citizens, 
and  his  success  was  far  beyond  his  expectation.  He  re- 
mained there  until  1S73,  when  the  oil  interests  of  the  place 
were  no  longer  an  inducement  for  him  to  remain,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1S73  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  purchased 
the  business  and  stock  of  Messrs.  Johnson  & Co.,  Nos.  76 
and  78  West  P'ourth  street.  Prior  to  the  time  that  Mr. 
Andrews  took  charge  of  the'  house  it  had  not  been  very 
prosperous,  but  is  now  the  leading  dry-goods  house  in  the 
city,  and  doing,  with  perhaps  one  or  two  exceptions,  the 
largest  business  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  hlr.  Andrews’ 
store  is  75  feet  wide  by  150  in  depth,  with  salesrooms  on 
three  floors,  and  the  services  of  150  hands  are  required  to 
run  the  house.  Although  this  house  is  literally  alive  with 
customers  from  top  to  bottom  and  from  morning  until  night, 
none  are  suffered  to  go  away  dissatisfied,  peace  and  har- 
mony being  one  of  the  supports  of  the  institution.  Besides 


1 


^ctXaxyPid>  Qj  PhiLad‘^ 


r.IOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


this  store,  Mr.  Andrews  has  a branch  house  at  Nos.  506, 
50S  and  5 10  Vine  street,  which  is  almost  as  large  as  his 
Fourth  street  house.  This  one  requires  the  services  of 
seventy-five  hands.  Mr.  Andrews  was  thrown  upon  his  own 
resources  at  an  early  age.  Possibly  the  trials  of  youth  de- 
veloped the  character  of  the  future  man.  At  all  events  his 
business  capacity  was  soon  made  known.  While  he  has 
been  unremitting  in  his  attention  to  business,  and  quick  to 
perceive  the  wants  of  the  public,  he  has  always  maintained 
a quiet  demeanor.  Ilis  private  character  is  exemplary,  and 
in  point  of  business  integrity  the  record  of  none  stands 
higher.  Mr.  Andrews  was  married,  October  2d,  1S62,  to 
Rose,  daughter  of  Jrmes  IE  Eddy,  Esq.,  of  Warren, 
Warren  county,  Pennsylvania,  by  whom  three  children  have 
been  born,  all  living.  ' 


T'  ING,  EDWARD,  Lawyer,  was  born  e city 
of  New' York,  in  March,  1795,  ■'"id  w-as  the  fourth 
son  of  Rufus  King,  the  distinguished  statesman 
and  Senator.  In  the  year  1815  he  settled  him- 
self at  Chillicothe,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  was  noted  for  his  eloquence  at  the  bar  and 
in  politics.  He  was  for  many  years  in  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  of  Ohio,  and  Speaker  of  the 
latter  body.  In  1831  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
died  February  6th,  1836. 


y'TfM  ALEXANDER,  Pioneer  and  Farmer,  was 

Cl  I I county,  Ohio,  January  loth,  1803. 

/Ill  His  father,  a native  of  Virginia,  and  a farmer,  set- 
(-■  tied  in  Ohio  in  1802.  His  mother  was  a member 

of  a family  w'hich  found  a home  in  Kentucky  at  a 
very  early  day.  His  early  education,  of  a very 
limited  kind,  was  obtained  in  a country  school,  and  during 
winter  evenings.  While  quite  young  he  assisted  in  the 
krbor  of  the  farm,  and  for  many  years  was  thus  constantly 
employed.  Through  the  winters  of  1837-3S-39-40  he  was 
engaged  in  a flour  mill,  and  in  the  latter  year  moved  to 
Logan,  Ohio.  Here  he  w'as  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
and  served  for  three  years.  In  1843  he  w'as  elected  County 
Auditor,  and  performed  the  duties  of  that  office  for  five  con- 
secutive terms,  of  two  years  each.  Through  these  years  he 
retained  also  his  position  as  Justice  of  the  Peace.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  to  the  .State  Board  of  Equalization,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1858  and  in  1869.  In  1852 
he  purchased  a farm  near  I.ogan,  and  has  since  continued  to 
reside  on  it,  and  to  superintend  its  management.  In  1873 
he  was  elected  to  serve  on  the  Constitutional  Convention. 
One  of  the  oldest  inhabitants  of  this  section  of  the  State,  his 
memory  is  a perfect  storehouse  of  interesting  and  valuable 
data  concerning  its  history  and  development,  and  through- 
out his  town  and  the  environing  region  he  is  revered  and 


17s 

esteemed  for  his  man.y  sterling  characteristics.  Politically 
he  is  a Democrat,  and  in  1824  cast  his  vote  for  Cl.ay.  Al- 
though he  is  known  as  a Democrat,  he  nevertheless  enjoys 
the  confidence  of  the  leading  Republicans  of  Hocking 
county — in  fact,  of  the  entire  Congressional  District  at  large, 
as  a reliable  and  well-meaning  public  gentleman.  He  was 
married  in  March,  1823,10  Sarah  Friend,  w'ho  died  October 
4th,  1S64.  He  was  again  married,  December  ayih,  1864, 
to  Mrs.  Sarah  Payne. 

EMANN,  JOSEPH  ANTHONY,  Banker,  (for- 
merly prominent  Gennan-American  Publisher,) 
W'as  born  in  the  town  of  Oesede,  near  the  city  of 
Osnabriick,  in  the  late  kingdom  of  Hanover,  De- 
cember 13th,  1816.  Destined  by  his  parents  for  the 
church,  he  made  his  studies  at  the  “ Gynnnasiitta 
Carolintim,"  founded  by  Charlemagne,  in  the  year  808,  in 
the  city  of  Osnabriick — one  of  the  most  celebrated  colleges 
of  Germany — where  he  acquired  a thorough  knowledge  of 
the  Latin,  Greek,  French,  and  English  languages,  mathe- 
matics, and  history  (both  secular  and  church).  The  young 
student,  however,  did  not  relish  the  idea  of  finishing  liis 
theological  studies,  and  notified  his  parents  accordingly. 
Having  read  American  history,  he  became  thoroughly  im- 
bued w'ith  a love  for  freedom  and  republican  institutions. 
“ We  Germans,”  said  he  afterw'ards,  in  an  oration  delivered 
July  4th,  1844,  “have  learned  in  the  land  of  our  fathers 
only  to  obey.  We  had  no  pow'er  to  decide  our  own  good, 
our  own  w elfare.  For  the  love  of  freedom  we  left  the  land 
of  our  birth,  friends,  relatives,  all  that  was  dear  to  us,  to 
gather  here,  in  a strange  country,  the  fruits  of  liberty,  so 
magnanimously  offered  to  the  oppressed  of  all  the  world. 
It  is  our  special  duty  to  make  ourselves  acquainted  with  the 
language,  the  law's  and  the  institutions  of  this  our  self- 
chosen  new  home.”  This  desire  for  freedom,  coupled  with 
romantic  ideas  of  the  adventurous  life  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  America,  the  imagination  of  which  is  generally  more 
brightly  colored  than  the  reality  afterwards  proves  to  be, 
left  him  no  rest  at  home,  and  he  made  his  parents  acquainted 
with  his  intention  to  emigrate  across  the  Atlantic.  They, 
however,  tried  to  persuade  their  son  to  remain  with  them, 
and  choose  some  other  vocation,  but  his  mind  was  fixed,  and 
he  carried  his  inclinations  into  effect  by  severing  the  ties 
which  bound  him  to  the  land  of  his  ancestors.  On  May  1st, 
1837,  he  embarked  at  the  harbor  of  Bremer-Haven  and 
sailed  for  fair  Columbia’s  shores.  After  a tedious  and  stormy 
voyage  the  ship  “P'avorite”  entered  the  Chesapeake  Bay 
early  in  July  of  the  same  year,  and  on  the  3d  of  that  month 
dropped  anchor  in  the  harbor  of  Baltimore,  where  she  had  to 
lay  for  quarantine  duties  until  July  5th.  On  board  the  sliip 
the  German  emigrants  witnessed  for  the  first  time  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  birthday  of  this  republic,  and  their  hearts  throbbed 
when  they  beheld  the  decorated  and  illuminated  city  in  the 
distance,  which  they  w'ere  not  allowed  to  enter  and  share  in 


176 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


the  joyful  proceedings.  The  next  day  they  landed.  Mr. 
Ilemann,  who  brought  with  him  prominent  credentials  to 
Professor  Beleke,  paid  a visit  to  him,  when  the  professor 
advised  him  to  go  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  might  complete 
his  studies  at  the  “Athenreum,”  the  Catholic  seminary  of 
the  diocese — now  the  St.  Xavier  College.  Having,  how- 
ever, no  further  means,  Mr.  Hemann  had  to  work  a month 
on  the  canal,  near  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  to  earn  sufficient 
money  to  enable  him  to  make  the  journey.  After  that 
period  he  joined  an  emigrant-train  of  large  mountain- 
wagons,  and  in  their  company  crossed  the  Alleghanies,  and 
traveled  on  the  National  Ro.ad  to  Wheeling.  Being  the 
only  one  in  the  company  who  could  speak  the  English  lan- 
guage, Mr.  Hemann  had  to  act  as  interpreter  for  the  rest, 
and  buy  the  provisions  for  them,  for  which  he  was  held  in 
high  estimation  by  his  companions.  After  a prolonged 
voyage,  which  to  the  young  tr.aveller  was  highly  interesting, 
as  he  was  enabled  to  study  the  romantic  scenery  and  the 
people  of  the  country  through  which  they  travelled,  he 
landed  safely  in  the  port  of  the  “ Queen  City  of  the  West,” 
on  the  7th  of  October,  1837,  buoyant  with  bright  spirit,  and 
a good,  cheerful  outlook  for  the  future.  Provided  with 
letters  of  credence  which  Professor  Beleke  had  given  him  to 
Dr.  Joshua  Young,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Erie,  then  prefect 
at  the  Athenaeum,  he  was  welcomed  at  the  seminary,  where 
he  continued  his  studies  till  he  followed  a call  of  the  Rev. 
Ferdinand  Kuehr  (whose  acquaintance  he  made  at  the 
Athenaeum),  as  teacher  of  the  Catholic  p.arochial  school  in 
Canton,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  about  a year  and  a half. 
He  then  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  took  charge  of  the  new 
German  Catholic  school  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  city, 
which  he  opened  in  the  large  hall  of  the  then  “ Rising-Sun” 
tavern,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Thirteenth  streets.  This 
school  became  the  nucleus  of  the  second  German  Catholic 
congregation  of  Cincinnati,  which  in  the  next  year  founded 
the  .St.  Mary’s  Church,  at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth  and  Clay 
streets.  In  Cincinnati,  at  that  time,  the  question  of  intro- 
ducing the  German  lg,nguage  as  a regular  branch  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  public  schools  was  agitated  with  great  vehemence, 
and  after  a severe  struggle  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  passed  a 
law,  making  it  the  duty  of  the  trustees  of  the  common 
schools  of  Cincinnati  to  have  that  language  taught  in  the 
schools  under  their  care.  Accordingly  an  examination  for 
teachership  was  advertised,  and  among  the  several  candi- 
dates that  passed  successfully,  and  received  certificates,  was 
also  Mr.  Hemann.  The  celebrated  German  traveller, 
Frederick  Gei-stsecker,  made  his  examination  at  the  same 
time,  and  had  it  not  been  for  his  inherent  impulse,  which 
drove  him  from  place  to  place,  according  to  his  motto, 
‘‘Rast'  ich,  so  rost'  ich  !"  (If  I rest,  I will  rust  1),  he  might 
have  lost  himself  in  the  school-room  of  a Cincinnati  school, 
and  the  world  would  now  be  minus  his  numerous  and  valu- 
able writings.  Mr.  Hemann  shortly  afterwards  received  his 
appointment,  and  accordingly  began  the  organization  of  the 
first  public  German- English  school  in  America — 1840. 


Differing,  however,  from  the  majority  of  the  school  trustees, 
who  endeavored  to  squelch  the  efficiency  of  the  whole  sys- 
tem, he  resigned  in  July,  1841,  when  the  celebrated  Germ.an- 
English  school  struggle  ensued,  which  caused  great  commo- 
tion in  the  then  quiet  annals  of  the  city.  The  Germans 
withdrew  their  children  from  the  public  schools,  and  organ- 
ized schools  of  their  own,  and  Mr.  Hemann  was  appointed 
Principal.  The  differences  between  Mr.  Hemann  and  the 
Germans  on  the  one  part,  and  of  the  school-trustees  on  the 
other,  were  : the  Germans  insisted  upon  a system  of  com- 
parative education,  whilst  the  board  wanted  separate  in- 
structions. The  Germans  kept  up  their  own  schools  until 
the  next  year,  when  they  induced  the  majority  of  the  trustees 
to  modify  their  system,  and  adopt  that  of  comparative  tui- 
tion. Mr.  Hemann,  however,  quit  the  public  schools,  and 
went  back  again  to  the  principalship  of  the  St.  Mary’s 
school.  Here  he  remained  for  five  or  six  years,  during 
which  period  he  also  kept  an  evening  school,  in  which  class 
several  of  the  now  most  prominent  citizens  of  Cincinnati, 
such  as  Uncle  Joe  Siefert,  John  H.  Koehnken,  and  others, 
were  then  sitting  to  study  their  English.  He  then  became 
tired  of  the  schoolmaster’s  “ bacillus,”  and  opened  a dry- 
goods  store  on  Main  street,  opposite  Twelfth  street,  which, 
in  1848,  he  removed  to  the  corner  of  Linn  and  Laurel 
streets.  Here  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  a prominent 
literary  gentleman,  who  animated  Mr.  Hemann  not  to  bury 
his  talents  in  a dry-goods  shelf,  but  to  go  into  the  literary 
pursuit,  and  while  on  a journey  to  his  native  country  in  the 
summer  of  1850,  subject  to  his  instruction  by  letter,  the 
Wahrheitsfreund,  the  first  German  Catholic  newspaper  in 
the  United  States,  was  purchased  for  him.  He  then  hastened 
home  and  took  the  publishing  of  the  paper  in  his  own  hand  ; 
and  on  the  12th  of  October,  1850,  he  began  the  publication 
of  the  Cincinnati  Daily  Volksfireund,  one  of  the  principal 
German  daily  newspapers  of  the  country.  Originally  neutral 
in  politics,  it  afterwards,  when  the  Demokratisches  Toge- 
blatt,  one  of  the  organs  of  the  Democratic  party,  ceased  to 
exist,  and  when  the  Volksblatt  went  over  to  the  Republican 
party,  became  the  leading  German  Democratic  paper  of 
Ohio.  Mr.  Hemann  was,  however,  veiy  conservative  in  his 
views,  and  when,  in  1863,  the  waves  of  political  agitation 
ran  high,  which  towered  in  the  nomination  of  Clement  L. 
Vallandigham,  then  an  exile  in  Canada,  for  governor  of 
Ohio,  he  declined  to  advocate  Vallandigham’s  election  in 
his  paper.  This  caused  a spirit  of  opposition  among  his 
subscribers,  which  led  Mr.  Hemann  to  dispose  of  his  in- 
terest in  the  Volksfireund,  and  to  retire  from  a long  and 
eventful  literary  career,  in  which  he  had  been  prominently 
successful.  Being  yet  in  the  prime  of  his  life,'he  did  not 
want  to  withdraw  from  business  altogether,  and  therefore, 
in  lS65,  embarked  in  the  life  of  a banker,  in  which  he  is  at 
present  still  successfully  engaged.  Mr.  Hemann  has  also 
been  very  active  in  the  fostering  of  charitable  and  educa- 
tional institutions  in  Cincinnati.  In  1840,  when  German 
books  were  very  scarce  in  this  city,  he  was  the  first  mover 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


177 


for  the  organization  of  a library  society,  the  “ Schul  und 
Lese  Verein,”  which  was  in  successful  operation  for  many 
years,  and  has  laid  the  foundation  for  many  of  our  best  edu- 
cated citizens.  The  founding  of  the  Catholic  Institute,  in 
which  magnificent  building — one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of 
our  city — is  the  “ Grand  Opera  House,”  and  the  “ Mozart 
Concert-Hall,”  was  prominently  the  work  of  Mr.  Hemann. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  first  projectors  of  the  ‘‘  German 
Pioneer  Society,”  of  this  city,  and  the  first  man  to  urge  the 
publication  of  the  historic  monthly  magazine,  the  Deutsche 
Pionier,  published  by  this  society,  of  which  he  edited  the 
first  volume.  He  was  married  at  Canton,  Stark  county, 
Ohio,  on  the  28th  of  January,  1839,  to  Ann  Margaret, 
daughter  of  John  B.  Deville,  who  emigrated  from  Hachy, 
Province  Luxembourg,  Belgium,  1831.  Their  happy  union 
was  blessed  with  eleven  children — six  sons  and  five 
daughters,  and  seventeen  grandchildren,  five  of  the  children 
being  married  at  the  present  time,  January,  1S76. 


PROAT,  COLONEL  EBENEZER,  was  born  in 
Middleborough,  Massachusetts,  in  1752;  received 
a good  education,  including  a knowledge  of  sur- 
veying, and,  after  service  in  the  revolutionary 
war,  was  appointed  Surveyor  for  Rhode  Island, 
in  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio.  From  the 
Indians  he  received  the  name  of  “ Hetout,”  or  “ Big  Buck- 
eye,” in  token  of  their  admiration  of  his  commanding 
figure.  This  is  said  to  have  given  rise  to  the  name  “ Buck- 
eye,” as  applied  to  nativ'es  of  Ohio.  By  Governor  St.  Clair 
he  was  appointed  first  Sheriff  of  Washington  county.  Dur- 
ing the  Indian  troubles  he  was  conspicuous  in  organizing 
militia.  In  later  life  he  followed  farming.  He  married 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Commodore  Abraham  Whipple. 
He  died  very  suddenly  in  February,  1805. 


f 


Cl  ||^jot>MER,  RICH.\RD  C.,  City  Clerk  of  Cincinnati, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  the  6lh  of  April, 
1838.  He  is  of  Swiss  descent,  his  parents  having 
been  natives  of  Switzerland,  who  emigrated  to 
this  country,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  the 
year  1832.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1854  he  left  school 
and  engaged  as  salesman  and  bookkeeper  in  a grocery  store 
in  that  city.  Two  years  later,  in  1856,  he  removed  from 
Philadelphia  to  Cincinnati,  and  there  became  salesman  and 
bookkeeper  in  a leading  boot  and  shoe  house.  He  con- 
tinued in  that  position  until  June,  i857>  wh.en  he  gave  up 
the  quiet  of  the  counting-house  for  the  excitement  of  “ rail- 
roading.” The  panic  came,  and  Western  railroad  enter- 
prises felt  it  heavily.  He  thereupon  gave  up  his  new  call- 
23 


ing,  and  sought  after  and  obtained  a position  in  the  office 
of  the  United  States  Marshal.  There  he  rose  to  the  posi- 
tion of  Chief  Deputy  Marshal,  and  in  that  position  he  re- 
mained until  the  year  1863.  At  that  time  he  left  the  mar- 
shal’s office,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Auditor  of 
Hamilton  county  as  a deputy.  He  left  there  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  and  went  to  California.  In  January  of  the 
following  year  he  returned  from  the  Pacific  coast,  and  went 
to  Philadelphia.  He  obtained  a clerkship  there,  and  con- 
tinued to  fulfil  its  duties  until  1S67,  and  then  he  went  again 
to  Cincinnati.  There  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of 
the  United  States  Court,  and  remained  there  until  the  l6th 
of  April,  1S74.  At  that  time  he  w'as  elected  to  the  position 
of  City  Clerk,  for  a term  of  two  years.  In  all  the  posi- 
tions he  has  held,  he  has  devoted  his  entire  energies  to  the 
proper  performance  of  his  duties,  and  has  won  his  way  thus 
far  in  life  by  the  sheer  force  of  his  energy  and  faithful  per- 
severance. He  was  married,  on  the  toth  of  May,  1859,  to 
Mary  B.  Brinkmann,  of  Cincinnati,  a woman  of  strong 
energy,  who  has,  by  her  warm  and  judicious  support  of  her 
husband’s  enterprises,  aided  in  no  small  degree  in  his  ad- 
vancement. 


lESER,  FREDERIC,  Editor  and  Banker,  w^as  born 
in  Wolfenbiittel,  Brunswick,  October  15th,  1S17. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  Jacob  Fieser  and  Augusta 
Fieser.  Pie  received  his  education  at  the  Wolfen- 
biittel  schools  and  Brunswick  College,  in  his 
native  place.  His  mother  dying  when  he  was 
quite  young,  his  home  possessed  no  longer  its  former  attrac- 
tions, and  in  1836,  while  in  his  nineteenth  year,  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  landing  in  Baltimore,  Maryland.  There 
he  remained  about  one  year,  engaged  during  that  time  in 
the  sale  of  pianos.  In  1839  he  moved  to  the  West,  and 
desiring  to  hold  a situation  where  his  natural  talents  and 
attainments  would  find  a proper  sphere  for  exercise  and  de- 
velopment, attached  himself  to  the  Oh/e  Eagle,  a German 
newspaper,  published  in  Lancaster,  Ohio.  In  1841  that 
journal  was  moved  to  Columbus,  and  in  the  following  year, 
retiring  from  its  editorship,  he  became  editor  of  the  Volks- 
blatl,  a paper  of  great  influence,  published  in  Cincinnati. 
In  September,  1843,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Reinliard,  he 
started  in  Columbus  the  IVestbote,  also  a German  ])aper, 
which  has  had  a highly  successful  career.  Independent  in 
politics,  the  IVestbote  has  succeeded,  by  its  honesty  of  pur- 
pose, by  the  reliability  of  its  varied  information,  and  through 
the  excellence  of  its  matter,  in  securing  a foremost  jilace 
among  the  many  journals  of  this  section,  and,  as  a iirofitable 
investment  of  its  kind  during  an  extended  period  of  time  in 
the  State  capital,  stands  confessedly  alone.  A pajrer  that  has 
enjoyed  a prosperous  career  of  thirty-two  years  testifies  suf- 
ficiently, without  the  need  of  other  testimony,  to  the  business 
capacity  of  its  conductor.  In  1868  he  became  a member  of 
the  banking-firm  of  Reinhard  & Co.  He  has  been  so  com- 


178 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOr^DIA. 


pletely  engrossed  in  his  journalistic  labors  that  he  has  been 
able  to  give,  comparatively  speaking,  but  little  time  to  the 
performance  of  puldic  duties.  For  nine  years,  however,  he 
has  been  a member  of  the  City  School  Board,  and  for  six 
years,  from  1865,  held  by  election  its  presidency.  He  is  a 
stockholder  in  several  of  the  manufacturing  enterprises  of 
Columbus,  and,  in  various  ways,  is  identified  with  the  busi- 
ness interests  of  the  city.  He  was  married,  June  25th,  1845, 
to  Louisa  Schode,  a resident  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  who  had  emi- 
grated from  Neuwied,  Germany,  to  this  country.  His 
jjresent  family  consists  of  one  son  and  one  daughter. 


V 


^?^^AFT,  HON.  CHARI.es  BHELPS,  Lawyer,  wa 
born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  December  21st,  1843 
He  attended  the  common  schools  in  his  native 
city,  and  also  the  Woodward  High  School.  He 
then  became  a student  in  Yale  College,  and  grad- 
uated from  that  institution  in  1864.  Subse- 
quently he  attended  the  law  school  at  Columbia  College, 
whence  he  graduated  in  1866.  In  the  following  May  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  at  once 
entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  was 
engaged  until  October  of  the  same  year.  He  afterward 
pursued  an  additional  course  of  studies  at  the  University  of 
Berlin,  Prussia,  and  from  this  institution  passed,  in  March, 
1867,  to  the  Heidelberg  University,  Germany,  where,  in  the 
following  December,  he  took  the  degree  of  J.  U.  D.  After 
spending  the  ensuing  year  in  Paris,  P'rance,  he  made  the 
tour  of  Italy,  and  finally  returned  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in 
October,  1869.  He  was  then  successively  associated  in 
partnership,  for  the  practice  of  law,  with  Murray  C.  .Shoe- 
maker and  Hon.  Edward  P'.  Noyes.  In  the  fall  of  1871  he 
was  elected  by  the  Republicans  to  the  State  Legislature  for 
two  years,  and  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Common  Schools.  While  acting  with  that  body,  he  ren- 
dered valuable  service  in  the  codification  and  enactment  of 
the  existing  system  of  the  school  laws  of  Ohio.  In  the  fall 
of  1872  he  was  nominated  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  Congress 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Hon.  Aaron  F.  Perry,  but 
failed  to  secure  an  election.  He  had  previously,  in  lanuary, 
of  the  same  year,  formed  a copartnership  with  his  father, 
Hon.  Alphonso  Taft,  widely  known  as  an  eminent  jurist, 
and  since  that  date  has  remained  an  active  member  of  the 
law-firm  of  A.  Taft  & Sons.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  Zoological  Garden  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  now  one  of 
its  directors.  In  March,  1875,  became  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  The  Cincitinati  Volksblatt,  a German  newspajrer 
of  influence  and  merit.  Fortunate  in  having  secured  not 
only  a thorough  elementary  education,  but  also  an  excellent 
subsequent  training  at  home  and  abroad,  he  has  made  a 
wise  and  profitable  use  of  his  abilities  and  attainments,  and 
by  rendering  them  subservient  to  his  own  welfare  and  the 
improvement  of  the  community  amid  which  he  is  a valued 


member,  has  deservedly  secured  a high  and  hor.or.able  posi- 
tion in  professional  and  in  social  circles  as  well.  Fully 
awake  to  the  importance  of  obtaining  worthy  men  in  office, 
he  watches  with  keen  interest  the  events  of  the  hour,  and 
denounces  or  supports  in  accordance  with  the  knowledge 
and  views  which  he  brings  to  bear  upon  men  and  measures. 
He  was  married,  December  4th,  1873,  to  Anna  Sinton, 
daughter  of  David  Sinton,  an  influential  and  honored  citizen 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


UTCHINS,  ROBERT  GROSVENOR,  Pastor  of 
the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Columbus, 
Ohio,  was  born,  April  25th,  1838,  at  West  Killingly, 
Connecticut,  descending  from  English  and  Scotch 
ancestry.  His  preliminary  studies  were  pursued 
at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
and  at  Williams  College,  while  his  professional  course  was 
divided  between  Union  and  Andover  Theological  Semina- 
ries. He  commenced  his  ministerial  labors  at  Fitchburg, 
Massachusetts,  but  after  a little  more  than  a year,  assumed 
the  pastorate  of  the  Bedford  Congregational  Church,  Brook- 
lyn, New  York.  Here  he  remained  for  seven  years,  and 
then  (October  27th,  1872)  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the 
P'irst  Congregational  Church  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  the  position 
which  he  still  occupies.  Mr.  Hutchins  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful in  his  ministerial  work,  and  has  established  his  repu- 
tation as  a learned  and  eloquent  divine.  He  has  won  the 
love  and  affection  of  his  congregation  by  his  sincere  regard 
for  their  spiritual  as  well  as  temporal  welfare,  and  by  his 
gifts  as  a pulpit  orator.  Few  men  in  the  clerical  profession 
in  Ohio  stand  higher  in  public  estimation  than  does  Rev. 
Mr.  Hutchins.  He  was  married  on  November  27th,  1862, 
to  Harriet  P.  James,  of  West  Killingly,  Connecticut. 


ARROWS,  REV.  ELIJAH  PORTER,  Professor 
of  Hebrew  Language  and  Literature  in  Oberlin 
Theological  Seminary,  Ohio,  was  born,  Januaiy 
5th,  1805,  in  Mansfield,  Connecticut,  his  parents 
having  been  Nathan  and  Sophia  (Hanks)  Bar- 
rows.  He  was  prepared  for  a collegiate  course 
of  study  in  Baltimore,  and  entered  Y’ale,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1826.  Upon  leaving  college  he  went  to  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  where  he  became  Principal  of  the  Hartford 
Grammar  School,  and  in  that  capacity  employed  himself 
from  1826  to  1831.  He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
June,  1832,  and  during  the  years  1835-6  was  Pastor  of  the 
First  Free  Presbyterian  Church  of  New'  York  city.  In  1837 
he  was  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Sacred  Literature  in  the 
Western  Reserve  College,  and  filled  this  professorship  until 
1852.  He  became  Professor  of  Hebrew  Language  and 
Literature  in  Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1853,  and 
remained  as  such  until  1866.  In  1872  he  w'as  chosen  to  fill 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


179 


the  same  professorship  in  Oberlin  Theological  Seminary, 
and  in  this  capacity  is  still  connected  with  that  institution. 
Mr.  Barrows  -takes  rank  among  the  eminent  theological 
professors  of  the  day,  and  is  without  a superior  in  the 
knowledge  and  interpretation  of  the  Hebrew  language. 
He  is  learned  in  all  that  relates  to  sacred  geography,  sacred 
literature  and  the  anti(|uities  of  those  lands  which  were  the 
scenes  of  the  events  spoken  of  in  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments. In  addition  to  being  a graceful  writer  upon  theo- 
logical and  historical  subjects,  he  is  an  effective  speaker, 
with  the  rare  power  of  holding  the  attention  of  those  whom 
he  may  be  addressing.  He  completed  the  “ Commentary” 
of  the  American  Tract  Society,  New  York,  which,  by  the 
death  of  Dr.  Justin  Edwards,  was  left  unfinished,  and  is 
the  author  of  a “ Companion  to  the  Bible,”  a work  on 
” Sacred  Geography  and  Antiquities,”  a “ Memoir  of  Rev. 
Everton  Judson,”  and  some  smaller  works.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  influential  and  learned  members  of  the  faculty 
of  Oberlin  College,  and  has  the  affection  of  its  students  as 
he  has  the  admiration  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 
Two  of  his  sons  served  in  the  Union  army  during  the  recent 
rebellion,  one  remaining  four  years  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, and  the  other  three  years  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land. He  was  married  March  9th,  1829,  to  Sarah  Maria  Lee, 
of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  by  whom  he  had  ten  children,  all 
but  one  surviving. 

(3 

i-JS: 

ia  Ip/^OG.VN,  THOMAS  A.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was  born 
r yJI  G in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  January  25th, 
cDr 1829.  His  father  was  C.  A.  Logan,  an  actor 

(n,  who  not  only  obtained  great  celebrity  as  a com- 

<0^^  edian,  but  also  acquired  an  enviable  reputation  in 
Europe  and  America  as  an  author  and  poet. 
Eliza  Logan,  sister  of  Thomas,  was  a tragedienne  who  was 
recognized  in  the  United  States  as  among  the  finest 
actresses  who  ever  appeared  upon  the  stage.  His  brother, 
C.  A.  Logan,  is  a physician  who  has  much  prominence  as 
a writer  upon  medical  and  scientific  subjects,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent the  United  States  Minister  to  Chili,  South  America. 
He  has  other  sisters  who  have  made  themselves  favorably 
known  in  literature.  The  family,  therefore,  has  become 
celebrated,  as  a family,  for  its  intellectual  ability.  Thomas 
A.  Logan  was  intended  by  his  parents  for  commercial  pur- 
suits, but  being  called  as  a witness  before  the  Hon.  Thomas 
M.  Key,  Judge  of  the  Commercial  Court  of  Cincinnati,  that 
gentleman  was  so  struck  by  the  clearness  and  logical  pre- 
cision of  the  boy’s  evidence  that  he  induced  his  parents  to 
forego  their  resolution  and  to  put  him  to  the  law.  Accord- 
ingly he  was  entered  as  the  student  of  Hon.  T.  Walker, 
then  the  leading  lawyer  of  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Logan  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  April  9th,  1851.  He  at  once  took  a 
prominent  position.  In  the  next  ye.ir  he  was  elected  As- 
sistant City  Solicitor,  and  held  the  office  two  terms.  He 
was  then  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  city,  and  upon 


vacating  this  position  returned  to  private  practice.  In 
October,  1855,  he  was  admitted  to  the  local  Federal  Courts, 
and  in  1868  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  In 
each  tribunal  his  very  marked  ability  and  refined  deport- 
ment won  for  him  the  admiration  and  esteem  of  bench  and 
bar.  His  practice  is  varied  and  extensive.  As  a great 
criminal  lawyer  he  has  achieved  renown  and  success,  not 
only  in  Ohio,  but  in  most  of  the  Western  States.  It  is  in 
this  class  of  cases  that  his  astonishing  power  as  a jury  law- 
yer is  best  displayed.  His  varied  talents,  broad  learning, 
keen  perceptions  and  scope  of  eloquence  render  him  almost 
irresistible  as  an  advocate ; and  there  are  but  fe\v  causes 
celebre  tried  in  the  West  wherein  he  is  not  retained.  He 
devotes  himself  chiefly,  however,  to  important  civil  ques- 
tions, the  law  of  corporations  and  of  insurance  receiving 
his  greatest  attention.  Mr.  Logan  was  an  early  and  per- 
sistent advocate  of  codification  in  Ohio,  and  since  its  adop- 
tion has  been  closely  identified  with  all  movements  to 
secure  thorough  and  lasting  legal  reforms.  He  is  a Dem- 
ocrat in  politics,  and  in  all  strongly  contested  campaigns  his 
services  are  invariably  demanded  by  his  party.  His  gifts 
of  oratory  make  him  as  popular  on  the  stump  as  he  is 
effective  in  court,  and  prove  him  to  be  an  invaluable  ally. 
He  has  been  offered  the  nomination  of  his  party  for  Con- 
gress, or  as  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court,  but 
has  declined  any  political  preferment,  believing  that  he  has 
no  right  to  abandon  the  important  interests  which  his 
clients  have  committed  to  his  care.  Being  in  the  prime  of 
life,  in  the  front  rank  of  American  lawyers,  known  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  admired  wherever  known,  hisTriends  in- 
dulge the  most  exalted  expectations  of  his  future. 


EEDS,  LEARNER  B.,  Editor,  was  born  in  Cler- 
mont county,  Ohio,  on  the  20th  of  July,  1816,  of 
mixed  English  and  German  ancestry.  Like  a 
very  large  proportion  of  our  self-made  men,  he 
passed  his  early  years  on  a farm  and  in  the  train- 
ing-school of  poverty  and  hard  work.  Until  he 
was  nearly  eighteen  years  of  age  he  labored  as  a farmer’s 
boy,  and  during  those  years  his  educational  opportunities 
consisted  for  the  most  part  of  winter  terms  at  the  district 
school.  From  two  to  three  months  each  year  he  was  at 
liberty  to  go  to  school ; and,  in  addition  to  that,  he  studied 
at  night  and  at  such  times  beside  as  he  could  be  spared 
from  the  farm  work.  In  the  year  1834  all  this  came  to  an 
end— farm  work  and  attendance  at  the  district  school.  In 
that  year  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  printer’s  trade,  serv- 
ing his  apprenticeship  under  the  late  Governor  Samuel  Me- 
dary,  who  then  published  the  Clermont  Sicn.  During  his  ap- 
prenticeship he  served  as  assistant  editor  of  the  Sun,  and  dur- 
ing  a portion  of  the  time  did  duty  as  sole  editor.  After  having 
mastered  his  trade  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  and  there  worked 
as  compositor  for  a considerable  time,  being  employed  prin- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


I So 

cipally  in  the  Gazette  and  Philanthropist  offices.  In  the 
first-named  office  he  worked  for  two  years.  Eventually  he 
returned  to  Clermont,  and  in  the  month  of  November, 
1840,  he  purchased  the  Sun  establishment,  in  Batavia.  At 
the  time  of  the  purchase  the  fortunes  of  the  establishment 
were  at  a very  low  ebb,  but  he,  by  his  energy,  enterprise, 
untiring  industry  and  judiciously  exercised  ability,  raised  it 
into  prominence  and  power  in  the  county,  and  in  doing  so 
greatly  benefited  the  Democratic  party  also,  in  behalf  of 
which  his  paper  was  conducted.  He  continued  to  publish 
and  edit  the  Sun,  with  the  exception  of  an  intermission  of 
about  two  years,  until  1864,  when  he  sold  the  paper  to  1 1. 
V.  Kerr,  and  in  the  month  of  April  of  that  year  he  pur- 
chased from  John  G.  Doren  the  Argus,  of  Georgetown, 
Brown  county,  and  a year  later  changed  the  name  of  the 
paper  to  tlie  Brown  County  News,  and  this  paper  he  still 
continues  to  publish  and  to  edit,  and  its  influence  has  be- 
come steadily  more  and  more  marked,  not  only  in  its  own 
immediate  locality,  but  in  a wider  field  than  “county 
papers”  usually  reach.  Politically,  its  editor,  as  has  been 
stated,  is  a Democrat,  and  he  is  an  active  and  earnest 
member  of  his  party.  His  ability  and  integrity  have  won 
practical  recognition  from  his  fellow-citizens,  and  repeat- 
edly he  has  been  called  upon  to  occupy  one  public  position 
and  another.  Twice  he  was  elected  Recorder  of  Clermont 
County,  serving  six  years  in  that  position.  He  was  time 
and  again  elected  member  of  the  School  Board  in  Batavia, 
and  was  several  times  a Town  Councilman  in  both  Batavia 
and  Georgetown.  In  1869  he  was  elected  a member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Senate,  and  in  1871  he  was  re-elected  to  that 
body.  During  his  four  years  of  service  in  the  Senate  he 
was  absent  from  his  post  of  duty  only  three  and  a half  days, 
making  the  best  record,  for  close  attention  to  the  business 
for  which  he  was  elected,  of  any  man  who  ever  served  in 
either  branch  of  the  Ohio  Legislature.  He  gained,  by  his 
zeal,  uprightness  and  straightforward  honesty,  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  all  in  the  Senate,  and  he  seldom  failed 
to  carry  any  measure  that  he  introduced  or  urged  in  that 
body.  In  debate  he  was  not  a wordy  or  rhetorical  orator; 
he  spoke  to  the  point  and  to  the  purpose,  and  always  with 
excellent  effect.  An  earnest  party  man,  he  has  always 
shown  himself  to  be  conscientious  and  tolerant  also.  He 
entertains  positive  views  in  both  politics  and  religion,  and 
has  never  been  known  to  sacrifice  principle  for  position, 
power  or  popularity.  His  zeal  for  his  party  and  his  party 
friends  is  unbounded,  and  he  has  never  spared  either  time, 
labor  or  expense  in  promoting  their  interests ; .indeed  few 
men  have  done  more  than  he  to  further  the  cause  of  his 
party  and  his  friends  for  the  same  pay;  for,  though  during 
the  past  thirty  years  he  has  been  frequently  in  public 
position  and  has  held  almost  constantly  the  county  patron- 
age of  both  Brown  and  Clermont  counties,  yet  he  has  not 
grown  rich  through  his  opportunities,  a fact  which  proves 
him  to  he  a politician  of  some  other  school  than  that  of  to- 
day. His  opinions  concerning  the  war  of  the  rebellion 


were  unpopular,  but  he  had  the  “ courage  of  his  opinions,” 
and  advocated  them  fearlessly,  often  at  the  risk  of  both  life 
and  property,  and  by  his  manifest  honesty  won  the  respect 
even  of  those  who  most  bitterly  opposed  him.  He  is  one 
of  the  oldest  “ newspaper  men  ” in  the  State  of  Ohio,  and 
one  who  has  given  himself  earnestly  and  unceasingly  up  to 
the  duties  of  his  profession.  In  the  year  1838  he  married 
Harriet  Smith,  by  whom  he  had  three  children.  In  i860 
she  died,  and  in  1864  he  married  for  his  second  wife  Miss 
Millspaugh. 


^ICKS,  CAPTAIN  A.  W.,  Merchant,  was  born  in 
Cherry  Valley,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  Sep- 
tember 14th,  1S03.  His  father,  Lucas  Hicks, 
a native  of  Massachusetts,  removed  to  New  York 
in  1796  or  thereabout,  where  he  settled  in  the 
above-mentioned  county,  remaining  there  until 
his  decease,  which  occurred  in  1847.  He  was  engaged 
throughout  his  life  in  farming,  and  was  also  a manufacturer 


of  potash.  • "Until  he  had  reached  his  twenty-first  year  he 
remained  with  his  father,  receiving  in  the  meantime  his 
education  at  the  schools  of  his  native  ]dace.  In  1825  he 
left  his  home,  the  possessor  of  seventeen  dollars,  and,  with 
his  gun  and  knapsack,  travelled  on  foot  fifty-two  miles  to 
Albany,  New  York,  intending  to  take  passage  on  a steam- 
boat to  New  York  city.  Arriving  too  late,  however,  for 
this  boat,  he  engaged  a berth  on  the  sloop  “ Utica,”  run- 
ning from  Albany  to  New  York,  at  eight  dollars  per  month, 
continuing  thus  occupied  for  about  three  months.  Later, 
owing  to  the  sickness  of  the  captain,  he  was  promoted  to 
the  supercargoship,  at  a salary  of  $100  per  month.  At  the 
expiration  of  one  month  he  went  to  Rhode  Island,  where 
he  secured  a position  on  a brig  as  second  mate,  and  became 
successively  mate  and  captain.  In  1832  he  connected  him- 
self with  the  dry-goods  business,  as  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Hicks  & White;  in  1835  he  disposed  of  his  interests  therein, 
and  then  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  wadding  in 
New  York,  dealing  also  in  cotton  and  domestic  goods  and 
manufacturing  straw  bonnets.  That  business  he  sold  in 
1836,  and,  having  a quantity  of  straw  goods  left  on  hand, 
purchased  as  additional  stock  about  $20,000  worth  of  other 
goods,  and  shipped  them  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
where  he  opened  a store,  which  he  placed  in  charge  of  an 
employ^.  He  then  went  to  Augusta,  Georgia,  where  he 
opened  another  store;  bought  subsequently  a fresh  lot  of 
goods,  about  #20,000  worth,  and  established  still  another 
store  in  Savannah,  Georgia.  He  eventually  disposed  of  all 
his  interests  at  a fair  profit  and  returned  to  New  York, 
where,  in  1837,  he  engaged  with  a firm  to  sell  1600  cases 
of  goods  in  Cincinnati.  Within  eight  months  he  fulfilled 
this  engagement,  and  received  for  his  services  the  sum  of 
#1000.  In  1S3S  he  opened  a store  on  Fourth  street,  Cin- 
cinnati, firm  of  Hicks  & Robinson,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
six  months  purchased  his  partner’s  interest,  and  there  con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


tinned  in  business  alone  until  1841,  when  he  removed  to 
Fifth  street,  and  six  months  later  sold  his  interests  in  the 
establishment.  He  afterward  entered  into  a copartnership 
with  A.  Dewett,  and  purchased  a large  stock  of  boots  and 
shoes  in  Boston.  He  then  opened  a wholesale  house  on 
Pearl  street,  Cincinnati,  and  in  1844,  possessing  at  this  time 
in  his  partnership  relation  two  houses,  the  slock  was  divided 
and  the  partnership  dissolved.  He  finally  disposed  of  his 
entire  interests  in  the  business  to  his  former  partner,  and  in 
1845  purchased  a large  tract  of  land  in  Kentucky,  where 
he  resided  until  1847.  He  finally  sold  a portion  of  this 
property,  rented  the  balance  of  it,  and  in  1850  sold  his 
entire  possessions  to  Abel  D.  Breed  for  the  sum  of  $50,000. 
Procuring  a fresh  supply  of  goods  he  then  moved  to  Fort 
Smith,  Arkansas,  and  opened  a store,  which,  at  the  end  of 
six  months,  he  sold  at  a good  profit.  In  1851  he  returned 
to  the  East,  secured  a fresh  stock  of  goods,  and  again  de- 
parted for  Fort  Smith  on  the  steamboat  “ Express.”  When 
at  a point  below  Little  Rock  the  boat  struck  a snag  and 
sunk,  but  was  ultimately  raised  and  conducted  to  its  des- 
tination, while  his  goods,  which  had  been  insured,  were 
taken  in  charge  by  the  underwriters  and  .shipped  to  Fort 
Smith,  where  they  were  sold.  On  his  return  to  Cincinnati 
he  received  the  money  due  him  from  the  insurance  com- 
panies, and  in  1853-54,  in  connection  with  Captain  .Samuel 
Holden,  he  built  a steamboat  called  the  “ Franklin  Pierce,” 
which  for  two  years  was  run  in  the  Arkansas,  Mississippi 
and  Illinois  rivers,  in  the  cotton  trade.  On  her  last  trip 
down  the  Mississippi  she  struck  on  a snag  near  Paducah, 
and  in  consequence  of  the  damages  resulting  was  placed  on 
the  docks  at  New  Orleans.  On  the  return  to  Cincinnati,  in 
passing  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  river,  at  Louisville,  she  picked 
up  the  disabled  steamer  “ Niles,”  and,  with  two  barges, 
towed  her  to  New  Albany,  Indiana.  The  officers  of  the 
“Niles”  then  entered  into  a contract  with  the  captain  of 
the  “ Franklin  Pierce”  to  take  the  two  barges,  which  were 
laden  with  valuable  cargoes,  to  New  Orleans.  After  dis- 
charging the  cargo  of  the  “ Franklin  Pierce,”  she  was  re- 
conducted to  New  Albany,  in  order  to  tow  the  barges  to  the 
proposed  point,  but  upon  reaching  this  place  they  were  not 
to  be  found.  She  was  then  put  about  at  once  for  New 
Orleans,  where  the  barges  and  cargo  were  attached,  the 
owners  giving  bonds  in  the  sum  of  $200,000.  The  subse- 
quent outbreak  of  the  war,  however,  prevented  the  trial  of 
the  case  involved,  although  eventually  the  sum  of  $14,000 
was  secured.  On  the  return  to  Cincinnati  the  “ Franklin 
Pierce”  was  sold,  and  soon  after  it  sank  in  the  Black  river, 
Arkansas.  In  1857  he  moved  to  Kansas  and  purchased  an 
extensive  tract  of  valuable  land,  which  he  still  owns,  and 
remained  there  until  1S60,  building  in  the  meantime  various 
houses  and  improving  in  many  ways  his  property.  Leaving 
his  houses  in  possession  of  the  tenants  he  then  returned  to 
Cincinnati  and  entered  a wholesale  house  on  Pearl  street, 
where  he  remained  until  1861,  at  which  date  he  started 
what  is  known  as  the  “ Lawson  .Shoe  store,”  on  Fifth 


street.  In  1862  he  was  engaged  by  the  government  to  take 
a steamboat  and  proceed  to  Fort  Pillow,  for  the  purpose  of 
opening  the  blockade.  In  this  venture  he  met  with  entire 
success.  He  was  at  the  time  the  only  steamboat  man  who 
could  be  found  to  undertake  the  service,  and  while  en- 
gaged in  it  received  a wound  from  a passing  cannon  ball, 
which  partially  paralyzed  his  right  side  and  deprived  him 
almost  entirely  of  the  use  of  his  right  arm.  For  his  services 
on  this  occasion  he  w'as  promised  by  the  government,  or  its 
proper  officers,  the  sum  of  $200,000,  but  owing  to  the 
death  of  the  colonel  then  in  command  he  failed  to  receive 
his  pay.  The  case  has  been  before  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  during  the  last  two  sessions,  but,  on  account 
of  various  informalities,  has  not  yet  been  decided.  In  1863 
he  was  employed  by  the  government  to  rebuild  the  bridges 
destroyed  by  John  Morgan  wdiile  on  his  famous  raid,  and 
later  secured  a contract  to  furnish  a large  quantity  of  cord- 
wood  for  governmental  use.  He  is  now  seventy-two  years 
of  age,  and  is  free  from  any  active  business  relations.  He 
w',':s  married  in  Massachusetts,  June  2gth,  1831,  to  Rebecca 
F.  Fisher,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children  ; of  those  but 
two  are  living  at  the  present  lime,  and  they  reside  on  the 
paternal  possessions  in  Kansas, 


GLEVEE,  JOHN  F.,  Lawyer,  w'tis  born  in  Harri- 
son county,  Ohio,  May  loth,  1840.  His  father 
was  John  Oglevee.  His  mother,  Eliza  Ann 
(Hanna)  Oglevee,  was  the  daughter  of  John 
Hanna,  A.ssociate  Judge  of  Harrison  County. 
. He  W'as  educated  at  the  Franklin  College,  Ohio, 
but  left  that  institution  in  his  senior  year  in  order  to  join 
the  Union  army.  August  6th,  1862,  he  enlisted  as  a private 
in  Company  C,  of  the  98th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  with  this  body  joined  the  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
under  Buell,  in  Kentucky.  He  was  an  active  participant 
in  the  battles  of  Perryville  and  of  Franklin,  Tennessee,  and 
at  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  the  color-bearer  of  the  regi- 
ment during  the  action  and  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder 
by  a ball.  He  w'as  then  sent  home  on  furlough,  and 
recommended  for  promotion  for  gallantry  on  the  field. 
November  24th,  1863,  he  w'as  commissioned  Second-Lieu- 
tenant of  Company  I,  and  returned  to  his  regiment,  March 
1st,  1864.  He  subsetpiently  participated  in  Sherman’s 
campaigns  until  the  surrender  at  Greensboro’.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1864, -he  was  promoted  to  a First-Lieutenancy  and 
Adjutancy.  After  the  grand  review  he  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service,  June  4th,  1865,  and  returned  to  his  home. 
Later,  he  was  engaged  for  three  months  in  teaching  mathe- 
matics at  Franklin  College.  In  the  spring  of  1866  he 
removed  to  .Springfield,  and  there  commenced  the  study  of 
law  under  the  instructions  of  General  J.  Warren  Kiefer, 
and,  December  3d,  1867,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  January 
1st,  1868,  he  formed  a partnership  with  his  former  tutor. 


i82 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOICLDIA. 


and  was  professionally  engaged  in  this  connection  until 
September  1st,  1871.  In  the  following  October  he  was 
elected  Auditor,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1873.  He  has  acted  also  as  a member  of  the 
City  Council.  He  is  widely  known  as  a political  speaker, 
and  in  various  campaigns  has  canvassed  his  county  and 
district.  He  has  also  frequently  been  a delegate  to  Repub- 
lican State  conventions  and  to  Congressional  conventions, 
in  which  he  has  uniformly  taken  a prominent  position. 
He  was  married,  June  23d,  1869,  to  Jennie  M.  Eagleson, 
formerly  a resident  of  Harrison  county,  Ohio. 


S.VRSIIALL,  JAMES  II.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Youngstown,  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  September 
3d,  1820,  and  was  the  third  child  in  a family 
consisting  of  six  children  whose  parents  were 
^ John  Marshall  and  Margaret  M.  (Grant)  Mar- 
shall. His  father,  a native  of  Virginia,  followed 
through  life  the  occupation  of  cabinetmaking  and  house- 
joinering.  He  moved  to  Ohio  at  an  early  date,  and  re- 
sided in  Trumbull  county  until  his  decease,  in  1832.  His 
mother,  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  a daughter  of  Solo- 
mon Grant,  and  a sister  of  Jesse  R.  Grant,  an  early  pioneer 
of  Clermont  county  and  the  father  of  President  Ulysses  S. 
Grant.  Until  his  fifteenth  year  was  reached  he  was  en- 
gaged in  farm  labor  in  the  counties  of  Brown  and  Trum- 
bull, his  mother  having  removed  with  her  family  to  the 
former  county  in  1833.  During  those  years  he  also  at- 
tended the  neighboring  country  schools  through  the  winter 
months,  obtaining  by  this  means  a limited  elementary  edu- 
cation. In  1835  he  was  placed  to  learn  the  trade  of 
saddlery  and  harness-making  at  Georgetown.  He  com- 
pleted his  apprenticeship  in  about  three  years,  and  for  two 
years  attended  school  at  Germantown,  Kentucky,  and  at 
the  Augusta  College,  in  the  same  State.  In  1843,  after 
having  worked  at  his  trade  for  a brief  period,  he  established 
himself  in  the  harness  and  saddlery  business  on  his  own 
account,  at  Georgetown,  and  was  thus  occupied  assiduously 
until  1857.  His  attention  during  the  closing  years  of  his 
experience  as  a merchant  was  devoted  to  the  study  of  law, 
and  in  1858,  passing  the  required  examination,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  He  was  subsequently  appointed  Probate 
Judge  of  Brown  County,  and  performed  the  duties  of  this 
office  for  about  one  year.  That  appointment  had  been 
made  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of 
Colonel  D.  W.  C.  Loudon.  In  November,  1859,  he  con- 
nected himself  in  a law  partnership  with  David  G.  Devore, 
in  Georgetown,  and  in  conjunction  with  his  associate  has 
secured  an  extensive  and  remunerative  clientage.  In  1859 
he  was  a candidate  for  nomination  for  the  Probate  Judge- 
ship;  in  1861  for  the  position  of  Common  Pleas  Judge; 
and  in  1867  for  the  Ohio  Senate.  He  is  a supporter  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  in  1844  cast  his  first  vote  for  James 


K.  Polk.  Religiously,  he  is  a member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  His  chief  personal  characteristics  are 
unassailable  integrity,  tireless  energy  and  well-directed  in- 
dustry. He  at  present  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Georgetown,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  where  he  resides. 


OGERS,  ISAIAH,  Architect,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Marshfield,  Massachusetts,  August  17th, 
o<^l  1 1 1800.  He  was  a son  of  Isaac  Rogers,  a promi- 

nent shipbuilder  of  that  town,  who  succeeded 
his  father  in  the  business,  also  a leading  ship- 
builder of  his  day.  The  family  is  descended  in 
a direct  line  from  John  Rogers,  the  martyr  of  Smithfield, 
who  perished  February  4th,  1555,  and  John  Rogers,  one 
of  the  Pilgrim  Puritans  of  the  “Mayflower.”  His  early 
and  elementary  education  was  received  in  the  country 
schools  located  near  his  home.  On  account  of  the  limited 
facilities  then  offered  for  a thorough  training,  the  course  of 
studies  he  was  able  to  pursue  was  neither  varied  in  kind 
nor  satisfactory  in  degree.  But  by  close  and  careful  study 
in  after  life  he  acquired  a valuable  fund  of  information  on 
a vast  variety  of  subjects  and  an  acutely  intelligent  appreci- 
ation of  the  utilities  and  beauties  of  science.  He  com- 
menced life  upon  a farm,  but  his  natural  mechanical  tastes 
unfitted  him  for  that  occupation,  as  then  practised,  and  led 
him  to  enter  into  an  apprenticeship  under  Captain  Shaw, 
then  successfully  carrying  on  the  business  of  carpentry  in 
Boston.  This  step  met  with  the  opposition  of  several  of 
his  friends  and  relatives,  who  offered  him  extraordinary  in- 
ducements to  remain  on  the  farm  with  them.  But,  ani- 
mated by  an  inflexible  spirit  of  independence,  he  started  on 
foot  for  Boston,  carrying  with  him  his  personal  effects. 
His  connection  with  Captain  Shaw  was  sustained  until  he 
had  attained  his  twenty-first  year,  when  he  moved  to 
Mobile,  Alabama,  where,  for  a brief  period,  he  worked  as 
a journeyman  at  his  trade.  He  early  displayed  an  admir- 
able taste  and  sound  judgment  in  all  matters  relating  to  the 
architectural  profession,  and  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
leisure  time  to  the  acquisitiorr  of  an  extended  knowledge 
of  its  rules  and  principles.  All  plans  that,  falling  under 
his  observation,  possessed  any  notable  excellence,  he  copied 
with  zealous  and  scrupulous  care,  and  carefully  studied  all 
the  works  on  architecture  that  he  cotrld  procure.  At  Mobile 
he  entered  into  competition  in  making  plans  for  one  of  the 
city  public  buildings,  and,  gaining  the  premium  offered, 
was  thus  brought  into  favorable  prominence.  In  1822  he 
returned  to  Boston  and  entered  the  office  of  Solomon  Wil- 
lard, then  a prominent  architect  of  the  city,  and  on  his 
retirement  succeeded  to  the  business.  Thenceforth  his 
professional  career  was  a steady  progression,  his  whole  aim 
and  desire  being  to  attain  perfection,  rather  than  pecuniary 
reward.  He  had  assisted  Solomon  Willard  in  the  con- 
stniction  of  the  Bunker  Hill  monument;  his  first  individual 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


183 


large  work  was  the  Tremont  House,  in  Boston,  whose  con- 
struction was  undertaken  when  he  was  about  twenty-eight 
years  of  age.  He  designed  and  built  the  Merchants’  Ex- 
change, State  street,  and  the  Howard  Athenaeum,  Boston, 
and  various  other  buildings  in  this  city.  The  most  promi- 
nent in  New  York  were  the  Astor  House,  Merchants’  Ex- 
change, Wall  street ; Bank  of  .America  and  the  Astor  Place 
Opera  House:  the  Exchange  Hotel  and  Bank,  of  Rich- 
mond, Virginia;  and  later  came  the  Capitol  Hotel,  Frank- 
fort, Kentucky ; Maxwell  House,  Nashville,  Tennessee;  and 
the  Burnett  House,  Pike  Opera  House,  the  Longview  Insane 
Asylum ; the  remodelling  Hamilton  county  Court  House 
and  the  jail  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  also  remodelled  the 
State  House  of  Columbus,  and  was  Supervising  Architect 
of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department,  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  from  1862  to  1865.  His  work  is  to 
be  seen  in  most  every  city  of  the  Union.  He  was  the  in- 
ventor of  various  useful  pieces  of  mechanism,  upon  four  of 
which  he  obtained  patents.  The  more  important  of  these 
were  his  Tubular  Bridge  and  his  Fire  and  Burglar-proof 
Safe.  He  never  sought  or  held  a public  political  office, 
and  uniformly  exercised  his  right  of  discrimination  between 
the  candidates  of  the  several  parties.  He  was  a valued 
member  of  the  Masonic  order,  of  the  fraternity  of  Odd  Fel- 
lows and  of  the  Mechanics’  Association.  Though  afflicted 
from  an  early  age  by  violent  physical  prostrations,  his  men- 
tal calibre  was  never  perceptibly  impaired  by  such  visita- 
tions, while  his  will-power  and  untiring  perseverance  have 
been  but  rarely  excelled.  His  nature  was  as  impulsive  as 
it  was  benevolent,  while  his  unassumed,  frank  and  cordial 
hearing  ever  banished  all  doubt  in  tlie  minds  of  those  who 
were  brought  into  contact  with  him  of  his  entire  sincerity 
of  purpose.  He  was  married,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
years,  to  Emily  W.  Tobey,  of  Portland,  Maine.  After  a 
life  of  almost  uninterrupted  activity,  and  protracted  suffer- 
ing, due  to  an  affection  of  the  heart,  he  died  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  April  13th,  1869,  amid  the  regrets  of  an  extensive 
circle  of  relatives  and  friends.  His  son  and  successor,  who 
had  been  associated  with  him  from  1846,  now  ranks  among 
the  leading  architects  of  the  Queen  City. 


ILLER,  THOMAS  EWING,  ex-United  States 
Consul,  is  a native  of  Ohio,  having  been  born 
/^i  I*  Mount  Vernon,  Knox  county,  Ohio,  on  the 
*9*^  of  June,  1829,  of  a parentage  which  was 
of  mixed  blood,  mingling  the  .Scotch,  Irish  and 
German  nationalities.  He  finished  his  education 
at  Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  graduating  at  that  institution  in 
the  class  of  1850  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  After  leaving 
college  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  his  native 
village.  He  continued  so  occupied  until  the  year  1856. 
In  that  year  he  received  from  President  Pierce  the  appoint- 
ment of  United  .States  Consul  at  Bordeaux,  France.  In 


this  position  he  remained  until  1859,  and  then  he  returned 
to  this  country  and  to  his  native  State.  Instead  of  return- 
ing to  Mount  Vernon,  however,  he  settled  in  Columbus 
after  his  return,  and  there  engaged  in  the  wholesale  dry- 
goods  business.  He  is  still  a resident  of  Columbus,  and  is 
still  engaged  in  the  same  business,  being  now  the  senior 
partner  in  the  fimr  of  Miller,  Green  & Joyce,  a house 
controlling  the  largest  dry-goods  trade  in  central  Ohio. 
Besides  attending  to  his  large  diy-goods  business  he  has 
also  been  an  extensive  dealer  in  real  estate  in  Columbus, 
and  his  name  is  identified  with  every  project  for  the  im- 
provement of  his  adopted  city  and  the  development  of  its 
resources.  He  is  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of 
Columbus,  an  organization  which  has  done  great  service 
in  bringing  to  the  attention  of  capitalists  throughout  the 
country  the  advantages  of  the  city  in  a manufacturing  and 
commercial  way.  He  is  also  a director  of  the  Columbus  & 
Mineral  Valley  Railroad  Company,  as  well  as  of  the  Home 
Insurance  Company  of  Columbus.  He  has  been  twice 
married.  In  the  year  1855  married  Elizabeth  McComb, 
of  Rockland  county,  Ohio,  who  died  in  1861,  leaving  him 
one  child,  a daughter.  He  married  again,  in  1865, 
Amanda  Harris,  daughter  of  Judge  Ira  Harris,  of  Albany, 
New  York.  This  marriage  has  resulted  in  four  sons. 


ONANT,  GEORGE,  Superintendent  of  Coi'pora- 
tion  Schools,  Coshocton,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Provincetown,  Massachusetts,  May  8th,  1827. 
His  father,  a native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
eng.aged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  His  mother 
lived  formerly  in  Massachusetts.  I'or  two  or 
three  years  he  attended  a private  school  in  his  native  place, 
subsequently  pursued  a course  of  higher  studies  in  a district 
school  and  an  academy,  and  while  in  his  tenth  year  be- 
came an  inmate  of  the  Sandwich  Boarding  School,  w'here 
he  remained  for  three  months.  He  was  afterward  sent  to 
an  academy  in  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  where  he  w'as  a 
student  for  six  months.  He  taught  his  first  school  in  Lyme, 
New  Hampshire,  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  From  that  time 
till  his  twentieth  year  he  taught  in  the  winter  months,  at- 
tending private  schools  occasionally.  He  then  assumed 
the  role  of  educator,  at  Westport,  Massachusetts,  in  an 
annual  school,  where  he  remained  for  two  years;  and  sub- 
sequently W'as  similarly  engaged  in  Fall  River,  Massachu- 
setts, one  year;  in  Topsfield  Academy,  Massachusetts,  two 
years;  in  Hanover  Academy,  Plymouth  county,  Massachu- 
setts, two  years;  in  the  Spring  Mountain  Academy,  Ohio, 
two  years;  and  in  the  Kenosha  High  School,  w'here  he  was 
Superintendent  and  I’rincipal,  one  year.  For  a later  period 
of  seven  years  he  w.as  engaged  in  teaching  at  the  Aurora 
Academy,  west  New  York.  He  w'as  then  occupied  for 
about  one  year  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  Massachusetts, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  sold  his  farm  and  moved 


184 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


to  the  West,  settling  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio.  In  1868 
he  was  elected  by  the  Board  of  Education  Superintendent 
of  the  existing  schools.  He  has  a knowledge  of  the  Latin, 
Greek  and  German  tongues,  and  is  also  the  possessor  of  a 
valuable  fund  of  information  on  a variety  of  subjects.  His 
store  of  literary  attainments  has  been  secured  by  persistent 
and  close  study,  while  the  honorable  and  important  position 
which  he  now  occupies  is  the  one  above  all  in  which  his 
many  qualifications  can  be  of  the  greatest  advantage  to  the 
general  community.  He  was  married,  Ifecember  2d,  1853, 
to  Mary  Annie  Friend,  of  Andover,  Massachusetts,  who  is 
his  assistant  in  his  educational  labors. 


ILANDY,  FREDERICK  JOHN  LEONARD,  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  manufacturers 
and  improvers  of  portable  steam-engines  and  cir- 
cular saw-mills  in  America,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  in  1820.  He  lived  with  his  father, 
Benjamin  Blandy,  until  1834,  attending  succes- 
sively Golston’s  and  Hewlet’s  academies,  and  the  last  two 
years  was  tutored  by  Professor  John  Lewton,  after  which  he 
came  to  this  country  with  his  father’s  family.  Landing  in 
New  York  city  late  in  the  fall,  they  determined  to  pass  the 
winter  in  Orange,  New  Jersey.  In  the  spring  they  carried 
out  the  original  plan  of  going  West,  to  locate  in  the  then 
smalltown  of  Zanesville,  Ohio,  which  Mr.  Benjamin  Blandy 
had,  during  a j)revious  visit  to  America,  selected  as  the  future 
home  of  his  large  and  young  family,  thinking  it  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  and  promising  towns  in  the  West.  Fred- 
erick, the  fourth  son  of  his  parents,  was  the  seventh  of  a 
family  of  ten  children.  Henry  Blandy,  his  elder  brother 
and  present  partner,  engaged  with  a company,  under  the 
style  of  Dillon,  Blandy  & Co.,  and  started  a furnace  and 
forge  for  the  manufacture  of  iron  from  the  ore,  at  Licking 
Falls,  four  miles  from  Zanesville.  In  connection  with  the 
furnace  and  forge  they  had  a large  stock  of  goods  for  the 
supply  of  the  hands.  Of  these  goods  Frederick,  who  was 
in  the  employ  of  this  firm,  had  charge  for  about  a year  and 
a half,  though  but  little  over  fourteen  years  of  age.  The 
store  was  located  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  and  there 
was  at  that  time  but  one  other  house  on  that  side ; no  bridge 
connected  the  two  sides  of  the  river,  so  that  it  could  be 
crossed  only  by  means  of  a skiff  or  by  fording.  The  whole 
country  was  in  a rude  and  uncultivated  state,  with  the 
roughest  class  of  people  about  the  works,  but  Frederick  slept 
each  night  upon  the  counter  alone,  with  his  pistol  under  his 
head;  it  was  quite  a lonely  situation  for  one  so  young.  At 
the  end  of  eighteen  months,  the  enterprise  proving  unremu- 
nerative,  the  business  was  closed  up  and  the  partnership  dis- 
solved. The  store  department  had  made  over  six  thousand 
dollars,  but  Frederick  received  nothing  but  his  board  for 
his  services,  although  he  had  served  the  company  faithfully 
and  had  endured  many  privations  and  hardships,  one  of 


which  was  a year’s  experience  with  the  then  prevailing  dis- 
ease of  the  country,  fever  and  ague.  From  this  situation  he 
engaged  with  a large  manufacturing  establishment  in  the 
city  of  New  York  as  clerk  and  salesman.  After  a few 
months  trial  the  proprietor  agreed  to  pay  him  six  hundred 
dollars  a year  with  his  board  and  washing.  After  two  years 
he  returned  to  Zanesville  on  a visit,  and  was  induced  to  re- 
main with  his  mother  and  sisters  while  his  father  took  a trip 
to  Europe.  His  New  York  employer,  upon  learning  of  his 
resolve,  offered  to  advance  his  salary  to  one  thousand  a year 
if  he  would  return  to  his  situation,  but  he  felt  that  he  owed 
it  to  his  father  to  forego  this  temptation — his  father  promis- 
ing to  establish  him  in  business  upon  his  return,  which  in 
1840  he  did.  He  built  for  him  a large  foundry,  furnished  a 
small  capital,  and  loaned  some  funds  for  which  he  paid  in- 
terest, and  Frederick  had  saved  a few  hundred  from  his  own 
gains,  which  was  added  to  the  common  stock.  His  brother 
Henry  was  interested  with  him  in  this  enterprise,  and  did 
his  full  share  in  promoting  the  prosperity  of  the  business ; 
and  by  arduous,  earnest  and  united  efforts,  they  built  up  a 
large  trade  in  stoves,  plows,  hollowware,  threshing  machine 
castings,  etc.  They  kept  seven  or  eight  two-horse  teams 
constantly  upon  the  roads  peddling  their  stoves  and  plows 
among  the  farmers,  and  frequently  found  it  necessary  to  take 
horses  in  exchange  for  Iheir  wares.  These  horses  were  kept 
till  a large  drove  was  collected  and  got  in  good  condition, 
when  Frederick  drove  them  across  the  mountains  upon  the 
common  roads,  occupying  twenty-one  days  en  route  to  the 
city  of  New  York.  From  1S44  to  1848  he  made  several 
such  trips.  The  first  two  large  contracts  they  made  were 
for  the  iron-work  for  the  Zanesville  Water  Works  and  for  the 
Zanesville  Gas  Light  Company.  Shortly  after  fulfilling 
these  contracts  their  foundry  assumed  the  inijrortance  of  a 
machine-shop,  and  they  had  already  turned  out  several 
steam-engines,  including  one  which  furnished  their  shop- 
power.  P'rom  this  time  they  continually  increased  and 
added  to  their  works,  until  they  became  large  and  powerful. 
In  1850  the  Central  Ohio  Railroad  was  built,  and  H.  & F. 
Blandy,  resolving  to  turn  their  attention  to  locomotive  build- 
ing, took  contracts  to  build  a number  of  locomotives  for  this 
and  other  roads  then  being  constructed.  In  the  fall  of  1851 
Frederick  married  Julia  Johnson,  a native  of  Thiladelidna, 
Pennsylvania,  and  by  this  marriage  six  children  were  born 
to  them,  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  A year  or  two  later 
the  Central  Ohio  Railroad,  like  several  other  roads  they 
had  been  working  for,  failed,  and  the  losses  which  H.  & F'. 
Blandy  sustained  through  railroad  failures  disgusted  them 
with  that  branch  of  business.  At  this  period  they  built,  for 
a party  at  the  town  of  Ironton,  Ohio,  a rail  mill,  with  a 
capacity  of  seventy  tons  of  T-rails  per  day,  and  in  connec- 
tion made  several  million  brick,  erected  twenty  dwellings 
for  the  operatives,  opened  coal  mines  on  an  extensive  scale, 
and  when  about  ready  to  start  the  party  in  interest  failed, 
causing  a great  and  embarrassing  loss  of  means  to  H.  & F. 
Blandy ; still  they  pushed  forward,  not  daunted  by  these 


k- 


f . -r 


- 


( 'V'l 


•if 


‘i'.j’tt 

?^_ri  »j 


r»* 


<i- 


A 


. Vk'f'v.-ft  ' 


■•>v  i' 


<•  • \ 


.11 


t *■ 


' I 


f 


■Vv  *: 


•A 


^•1 

’•,  ylf" 


I 


*'  ;*• 


»» 


f- 


,h 


\ V . mA^ 


V.k 


LIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOIVKDIA. 


disajipoinlments  ami  losses,  coming  out  with  their  good 
name  and  credit  untarnished.  At  this  time,  1855,  they  re- 
solved to  change  their  locomotive  works  into  a manufactory 
of  portable  steam-engines  and  saw-mills,  which  they  began 
to  build  upon  a new  plan,  with  a hollow,  continuous  bed- 
plate— the  invention  of  Frederick.  This  was  far  ahead  of 
any  other  engine  in  the  market,  and  they  rapidly  worked  it 
into  favor  as  the  people’s  engine,  so  that  at  this  writing  there 
are  about  4000  of  them  working;  they  can  be  found  in  every 
State  in  the  Fhiion,  and  in  many  parts  of  Europe,  Africa, 
South  America,  Australia,  etc.  On  whatever  occasion  they 
have  been  exhibited  in  competition  they  have  invariably 
taken  the  first  premiums.  So  popular  are  they  that  they  are 
being  copied  by  many  builders,  mus  acknowledging  their 
superiority  to  all  others.  At  the  time  the  rebellion  broke 
out  the  firm  of  II.  & F.  Blandy  was  doing  a brisk  and  large 
business  in  the  West  and  South,  and  had  outstanding  debts 
amounting  to  over  $150,000  scattered  all  through  the  South- 
ern States;  the  whole  was  a dead  loss  to  them.  But  they 
persistently  strove  to  overcome  all  adversities,  and  their 
trade  revived  again,  so  that  in  1S63  they  found  their  Zanes- 
ville works  were  not  equal  to  the  demand,  and  they  inir- 
chased  the  “ Newark  Machine  Works,”  at  Newark,  Ohio, 
which  equalled  in  magnitude  their  Zanesville  works  ; and  in 
1865  they  built  and  sold  over  one  million  and  a quarter  dol- 
lars’ worth  of  machinery.  In  these  works  they  have  built 
many  powerful  stationary-engines  for  blast  furnaces  and 
mills  of  all  kinds  up  to  500  horse-power.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  they  did  a very  extensive  business,  and  were 
working  both  establishments  to  their  full  capacity,  when  in 
the  fall  of  1866  misfortune  again  overtook  them,  this  time 
in  the  shape  of  a destructive  fire  that  levelled  the  entire 
Zanesville  works  with  the  ground,  causing  a loss  estimated 
at  over  $200,000.  In  spite  of  this  great  misfortune,  at  a 
lime  when  they  were  crowded  with  work,  the  business  was 
carried  on  as  well  as  possible  by  running  the  Newark  works 
night  and  day.  Though  Mr.  Henry  Blandy  was  at  this  time 
in  Europe,  before  the  ruins  of  twenty-six  years  of  their  labor 
were  cold  a hundred  pairs  of  hands  were  busy  clearing  away 
the  debris  and  preparing  to  rebuild  on  a still  larger  scale 
than  before,  and  in  less  than  four  months  the  site  of  the 
ruins  was  occupied  by  one  of  the  finest-appointed  and  best- 
equipped  machine-works  in  the  United  Stales.  At  the  time 
of  this  fire  Frederick  was  engaged  in  erecting  a fine  resi- 
dence ; having  only  the  first  story  up  when  the  works  were 
burned,  he  was  compelled  to  fini.sh  it  or  much  damage 
would  have  been  the  result.  This  house,  the  finest  finished 
and  most  elegant  in  the  county,  was  completed  the  follow- 
ing year.  At  this  time  Frederick  was  also  much  engaged 
with  his  fruit  farm  of  130  acres,  three  miles  east  of  the  city, 
on  which  he  had  one  of  their  portable  engines  and  saw-mills, 
making  into  lumber  1 500  logs  cut  from  some  twenty-six  acres. 
This  lumber  came  in  very  opportunely  in  the  rebuilding  of 
their  works.  Since  the  rebuilding  of  the  Zanesville  works 
both  they  and  the  Newark  branch  have  been  steadily  run- 

24 


ISS 

ning,  though  the  trade  has  diminished  since  the  panic  of 
1S73  many  competitors  have  entirely  closed.  Frederick 
also  has  other  interests  of  considerable  importance.  Besides 
the  slock  held  by  the  firm  in  the  “ Iron  Coal  Company,”  at 
Shawnee,  Ohio,  Frederick  is  Treasurer  of  this  company,  and 
individually  holds  a large  amount  of  stock.  He  has  two 
large  farms  two  miles  up  the  Muskingum  river,  which  are 
considered  very  valuable  for  the  underlying  coal.  He  holds 
stock  in  the  “ Ohio  Iron  Company,”  “ Zanesville  Woollen 
Mill  Company,”  and  the  “ Brown  Manufacturing  Company,” 
and  is  a Director  of  the  last-named.  He  is  also  Vice- 
President  of  the  Union  Bank. 


ALL,  JOSEPH  B.,  President  of  the  Home  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Ohio,  is  a native  of  Canada, 
and  was  born  July  4th,  1835.  His  father  was  a 
harness-maker,  and  a native  of  New  York  ; his 
mother  was  a native  of  same  State.  In  1837, 
when  Joseph  was  two  years  old,  his  parents 
moved  from  Canada  and  settled  in  Jefferson  county.  New 
York.  His  first  schooling  was  in  an  old  log  school-house 
within  sight  of  the  St.  Lawrence  river.  When  he  was  nine 
years  old  his  father  died,  leaving  his  family  penniless.  The 
family  was  broken  up  and  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
placed  on  a farm.  Some  three  years  afterwards  his  mother 
married  a wealthy  farmer  and  a home  was  offered  to  the 
scattered  family,  but  Joseph  preferred  to  “paddle  his  own 
canoe.”  Until  he  was  fifteen  years  old  he  worked  summers 
and  attended  schools  winters,  a portion  of  the  time  at  the 
institute  at  Watertown.  The  obstacles  he  met  with  were 
the  same  as  other  boys  have  experienced.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  secured  the  much-coveted  position  of  a clerk  in  a 
country  store.  He  remained  in  this  position  until  1853, 
when  he  became  impressed  with  the  idea  that  he  must  “ go 
West.”  In  the  spring  of  that  year  he  found  himself  in 
Chicago,  a stranger  to  all,  but  he  soon  found  employment 
of  E.  Batchelder,  wholesale  dealer  in  dry  goods.  He  re- 
mained in  that  establishment  for  two  years,  when  his  em- 
ployer retired  from  business,  selling  his  stock  to  Joseph, 
who  removed  the  same  to  Lyons,  Iowa,  doing  a prosperous 
business  until  the  panic  of  1857.  His  business  at  that  time 
being  greatly  extended,  it  was  impossible  to  realize  on  proj)- 
erty  in  hand,  and  he,  like  thousands  of  others,  was  obliged 
to  succumb;  having  married  in  the  meantime  the  daughter 
of  Dr.  Daniel  Reed,  of  Fulton,  Illinois,  he  found  himself 
poor  and  with  a wdfe  and  babe  to  claim  his  attention.  The 
next  few  years  he  was  employed  in  several  positions  of  trust, 
and  finally  settled  in  Aurora,  Illinois.  While  employed  as 
a clerk  in  a dry-goods  store  in  that  city,  the  Aurora  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  with  a capital  of  $200,000,  was  or- 
ganized, and  he  was  solicited  to  take  the  management  of  it, 
which  he  did,  and  conducted  the  business  very  successfully, 
until  the  great  Chicago  fire  of  1871  came  and  swallowed  up 


HIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOI'-EDIA. 


iS5 

liis  company.  lie  “ once  more  had  ihe  world  before”  him, 
and  he  decided  on  following  the  insurance  business  in 
Chicago.  Opening  an  office  in  that  city,  he  was  imme- 
diately engaged  by  several  companies  to  negotiate  their 
settlements  and  adjust  their  losses.  This  occupied  his  time 
until  the  fall  of  1872;  he  was  then  made  General  Agent  of 
the  Home  Insurance  Company  for  the  Eastern  States,  with 
head-quarters  in  New  York  city.  He  continued  in  this 
position  until  1873,  when  he  was  elected  Vice-President  and 
Manager  of  the  company.  He  then  removed  ta  Columbus, 
Ohio.  In  1874  he  was  elected  President,  and  his  adminis- 
tration of  the  affairs  of  the  company  has  shown  his  eminent 
fitness  for  the  position.  The  Home  Insurance  Company, 
like  all  companies  doing  a general  business,  has  had  rough 
experience  since  its  organization  in  1863;  it  has  paid  nearly 
$3,000,000  in  losses,  but  owing  to  its  sound  management  it 
is  now  in  fine  condition  and  is  making  rapid  strides  to  a 
])Osition  second  to  none.  The  Presidents  of  the  company 
have  been  : Hon.  Samuel  Galloway,  C.  P.  S.  Butler,  Esq,, 
Hon.  M.  A.  Dougherty,  and  the  present  incumbent. 


■ACK,  HENRY,  Merchant,  was  born  on  the  23d  of 
December,  1S20,  near  Bamburg,  Bavaria.  The 
Bavarian  common  school  system  at  that  time  was 
not  very  highly  perfected,  and  his  early  educational 
advantages  were  therefore  limited.  When  he  was 
thirteen  years  old  he  obtained  employment  with 
the  clerk  of  the  court  as  copyist,  and  proved  so  proficient  in 
his  new  calling  that  he  was  retained  in  the  position  for  three 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  was  apprenticed  to  a 
confectioner,  but  remained  only  two  years,  as  the  judges  ap- 
pointed to  examine  apprentices  declared  him  at  the  end  of 
that  period  master  of  his  trade.  Soon  afterwards  he  and  his 
elder  brother,  Abraham,  determined  to  seek  their  fortune  in 
America,  and,  having  obtained  the  consent  of  their  parents, 
they  left  home  on  the  28th  of  July,  1839.  Bamburg  was 
300  miles  away,  and  that  distance  they  accomplished  on 
foot,  and  sailed  from  Hamburg  on  the  17th  of  August,  and 
after  a voyage  of  nearly  seventy  days  landed  safely  in  New 
York.  They  had  but  little  money  left,  and  at  once  set  about 
finding  some  employment.  After  a brief  consideration,  they 
determined  on  being- independent  businessmen.  Therefore 
they  purchased  a stock  of  goods  for  fifteen  dollars,  and 
started  through  the  country  as  peddlers.  They  continued 
in  this  business  for  a few  months,  and  then,  being  in  posses- 
sion of  a capital  of  $180,  they  unwisely  took  another  partner 
into  the  firm  and  thereby  lost  all  that  they  had  made.  Hav- 
ing severed  this  unfortunate  connection  they  started  anew  by 
themselves.  They  had  good  credit,  happily,  and  procuring 
about  $300  worth  of  goods,  started  for  New  London  on  the 
deck  of  a steamboat.  They  sold  out  their  goods  in  about 
two  weeks,  at  a handsome  profit,  and  ordered  a new  lot  from 
New  York.  Business  continued  to  flourish,  and  by  the  next 


■ spring  they  had  a cash  capital  of  about  $500.  Then,  in  the 
I spring  of  1841,  they  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  Abraham 
embarked  in  business  as  a butcher.  Henry  continued  his 
business  as  a peddler,  travelling  with  a horse  and  wagon. 
The  next  spring  he  bought  out  a store  at  Monroe  for  $2000, 
mostly  on  credit,  and  soon  succeeded  in  building  up  a large 
business.  Not  long  afterwards  he  opened  another  store  at 
Felicity,  Clermont  county,  in  order  to  give  employment  to 
his  brother,  who  had  not  prospered  in  his  vocation.  In 
1845  ll’S  store  at  Felicity  was  given  up,  and  Abraham  took 
charge  of  the  one  at  Monroe,  in  order  that  Henry  might 
leave  for  a visit  to  his  native  country,  where  their  mother 
I was  lying  very  sick.  His  mother  had  been  dead  three  weeks 
I before  he  reached  his  old  home,  and  after  remaining  a short 
time  there  he  returned  to  America.  .Soon  after  his  return 
he  sold  out  his  store  at  Monroe,  and  the  two  brothers  opened 
a retail  dry-goods  store  on  Fifth  street,  in  Cincinnati,  under 
the  fir.n-name  of  H.  & A.  Mack.  This  business  they  con- 
' tinned  for  three  years.  In  the  spring  of  1847  admitted 
two  other  brothers  to  the  firm,  which  then  became  the  Mack 
Brothers.  The  dry-goods  business  was  closed  out,  and  the 
new  firm  started  a wholesale  clothing  manufactory  on  Main 
street.  In  the  spring  of  1S49  an  additional  store  was  opened 
on  West  Pearl  street,  and  there  one  of  the  brothers  started 
j in  the  wholesale  notion  trade.  The  same  year  came  the 
I fearful  visitation  of  the  cholera.  Business  stagnated,  and  a 
I general  crash  seemed  impending.  Many  business  friends 
urged  the  Mack  Brothers  to  take  the  benefit  of  the  bankrupt 
act,  and  so  save  themselves.  Henry,  the  managing  and 
financial  partner,  declared  that  he  would  rather  lose  his 
right  arm  than  compromise.  They  did  not  compromise, 
and,  by  shrewd  and  enterprising  expedients,  weathered  the 
storm.  A year  later,  when  the  pressure  had  been  removed, 
they  were  not  only  out  of  debt  but  had  a handsome  capital 
in  hand.  In  1850  the  brothers  removed  to  Pearl  and  Vine 
streets,  where  they  increased  their  business  fifty  per  cent. 
Prosperity  continued  to  attend  them  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
war,  when  another  financial  crisis  came.  For  a time  ruin 
seemed  impending  again,  but,  as  before,  by  careful  manage- 
ment and  upright  dealings,  the  firm  came  safely  through  the 
trouble.  When  the  first  call  for  troops  was  made  in  1861, 
Governor  Dennison  sent  for  Henry  Mack  and  gave  him  the 
first  contract  for  army  clothing,  and  thenceforward  he  was 
known  as  one  of  the  honest  contractors  of  war  times.  In 
1866,  his  business  having  steadily  increased,  he  erected  a 
handsome  store  on  Third  street,  and  there  he  still  remains. 
Henry  Mack  has  had  no  political  ambition,  but  in  1859,  in 
compliance  with  the  urgent  solicitation  of  his  friends,  he  was 
candidate  for  election  to  the  City  Council.  He  served  two 
terms,  giving  the  utmost  satisfaction  by  his  earnest,  honest 
and  public-spirited  performance  of  the  duties  devolving  upon 
him.  At  the  end  of  his  second  term  he  declined  another 
election.  In  1863  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Cincin- 
nati .School  Board,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position 
in  the  most  acceptable  manner.  Though  a member  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XYCLOP.^;DIA. 


Jewish  faith,  he  earnestly  and  ably  advocated  th'e  use  of  the 
Bible  in  the  public  schools,  and  his  addresses  on  this  subject 
were  extensively  copied  and  won  high  commendation.  He 
has  been  interested  in  many  of  the  public  enterprises  of  Cin- 
cinnati. The  Public  Library  building  was  erected  under 
his  immediate  supervision,  and  so  also  was  the  splendid 
temple  on  Plum  and  Eighth  streets.  During  the  war  his 
services  were  of  the  most  active  and  untiring  character.  He 
was  a member  of  the  Military  Committee  of  Hamilton  county; 
was  made  Chairman  of  the  committee,  and,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  about  six  months,  served  in  that  capacity  during  the 
entire  war.  In  1864  the  Governor,  in  consideration  of  his 
long  and  efficient  services,  commissioned  him  as  Colonel. 
He  was  married,  in  1S46,  to  Rosalie  Mack;  nine  children 
have  been  born  to  them,  seven  of  whom  are  yet  alive;  one 
child  died  during  the  fatal  cholera  season  already  mentioned. 


.MART,  CH.-VRLE.S  SELDEN,  State  Commissioner 
of  Schools,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  Virginia, 
P'ebruary  24th,  1835,  his  father,  who  was  of  Eng- 
lish origin,  being  a native  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  by  profession  an  architect,  who  moved  to  Ohio 
in  iSto.  His  mother’s  father.  Rev.  William 
Caldwell,  was  cousin  to  the  celebrated  Robert  Emmet,  and 
in  the  rebellion  of  ’98  he  escaped  from  Ireland,  his  family 
having  been  proscribed  by  the  English  government.  His 
maternal  grandmother  was  a descendant  from  Alexander 
Hamilton.  He  was  educated  in  the  Ohio  University,  where 
he  pursued  a full  course  of  study  and  graduated  with  honors. 
He  read  law  with  Hon.  John  Welch,  of  the  Ohio  State  Su- 
preme bench,  and  during  his  readings  took  a scientific  and 
classical  course  at  the  university,  from  which  in  1864  he 
received  his  degree  of  A.  B.  In  1867  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
was  conferred  in  course.  During  his  collegiate  career  he 
was  selected  by  the  Philoniathean  Literary  .Society,  of  which 
he  was  a member,  to  represent  it  in  a literary  contest,  in  which 
he  distinguished  himself.  At  the  time  of  his  graduation  he 
was  complimented  upon  his  erudition  and  skill  by  Governor 
Salmon  P.  Ciiase,  afterwards  Chief-Justice  of  the  United 
States,  who  delivered  the  diplomas.  Upon  leaving  college  he 
entered  upon  teaching  as  a profession.  He  became  promi- 
nent and  successful  as  a tutor  and  Superintendent  of  schools. 
He  was  early  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  was 
a prominent  candidate  before  the  State  Convention  in  1872 
for  the  nomination  for  State  Commissioner  of  .Schools.  His 
nomination  was  claimed  by  his  friends,  but  on  his  own  mo- 
tion his  competitor  was  declared  the  nominee.  In  the 
State  Convention  of  the  party  in  August,  1874,  he  was 
unanimously  nominated  on  the  first  ballot  for  State  Commis- 
sioner of  Schools,  and  was  elected  by  the  people  in  the 
ensuing  fall.  The  labors  already  performed  by  Mr.  Smart 
show  his  eminent  qualification  for  the  duties  of  his  important 
office.  His  own  career  as  a teacher,  conducted  with  marked 


1S7 

ability  through  a period  of  many  years,  gave  him  a perfect 
insight  to  the  neeils  of  the  school  system  of  the  State,  which, 
by  all  judicious  measures,  he  has  undertaken  to  improve 
since  his  election  as  State  Commissioner.  His  labor  has 
met  with  the  fullest  acceptance  on  the  part  of  the  people  at 
large,  who  have  confidence  in  his  thorough  fitness  to  dis- 
charge the  responsible  trusts  devolving  upon  him. 


ARTHOLOW’,  ROBERTS,  Physician,  was  born, 
on  the  1 8th  of  November,  1831,  in  Howard 
county,  Maryland.  He  completed  his  education 
at  Calvert  College,  in  his  native  State,  and  from 
that  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts.  On  leaving  college  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  in  the  year  1852  he  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Maryland.  He  attended  subsequent  courses 
of  lectures,  however,  in  the  years  1855  and  1856.  In  1857 
he  entered  the  United  States  army  by  competitive  examina- 
tion, passing  first  in  his  class.  He  remained  in  the  army, 
in  various  capacities,  until  1864,  and  then  resigned.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  to  a professorship  in  the  Medical 
College  of  Ohio.  Ever  since  that  time  he  has  continued  to 
hold  a place  in  the  faculty  of  that  institution,  having  his 
residence  at  Cincinnati.  He  now  holds  the  position  of  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  and  of  Clin- 
ical Medicine,  and  is  Dean  of  the  Faculty.  He  is  one  of 
the  physicians  to  the  Good  Samaritan  Hospital ; is  a mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association  ; of  the  Ohio  State 
Medical  Society  ; of  the  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Medicine, 
and  of  the  American  Neurological  Society.  He  is  also  a 
corresponding  member  of  New  York  Society  of  Neurology 
and  Electrology,  etc.  He  is  the  author  of  a work  on  “ Enlist- 
ing and  Discharging  Soldiers,”  which  work  is  still  the  official 
authority  on  those  subjects;  of  a volume  on  “ Hypodermic 
Medication ; ” both  these  works  published  by  Lippincott. 
The  Appletons  have  also  recently  published  a treatise  by 
him  on  “ Therapeutics.” 


HITE,  JOSEPH  \V.,  ex-member  of  Congress,  was 
born  at  Cambridge,  Ohio,  October  2d,  1822,  his 
parents  being  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  at  an 
early  day  removed  to  and  located  permanently  in 
Ohio.  His  father,  whose  occupation  was  that  of  a 
tailor,  held  at  different  times  the  offices  of  constable 
and  deputy  sheriff.  He  attended  the  country  schools  until 
he  reached  the  age  of  thirteen,  when  he  was  engaged  in  a 
d-y-goods  store  for  eighteen  months.  He  then  was  a clerk 
in  the  County  Clerk’s  office  at  Columbus  until  1838,  when 
he  returned  to  Cambridge  and  ]nirsued  for  one  year  an 
academic  course  of  study.  In  the  fall  of  1839  he  went  back 
to  Columbus  and  was  a clerk  in  the  United  States  courts, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  the  summer  of  1842. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


1 88 

Returning  to  Cambridge,  he  began  to  read  law  with  W.  W. 
Tracy,  and  in  1844  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  entered 
at  once  upon  his  professional  labors,  and  in  1845  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Cuernsey  county.  In  1847  he  was 
honored  by  a re-election,  and  served  in  that  office  until 
1849.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Six- 
teenth Ohio  District,  defeating  Hon.  John  A.  Bingham. 
His  term  expired  in  March,  1865,  and  since  that  time  he 
nas  given  his  undivided  care  and  attention  to  his  profession. 
In  Congress  he  participated  in  all  the  legislation  that  was 
before  it  during  his  term.  He  was  married,  on  January 
2ist,  1846,  to  Nancy  B.  Sarchet,  of  Cambridge,  Ohio. 


y/jV'  ORGAN,  MAJOR  JAMES,  Superintendent  of  the 
i Workhouse  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Ire- 

fl  I land,  at  a place  called  Bandon,  April  12th,  1835, 
and  was  the  sixth. child  in  a family  of  nine  chil- 
.0  dren  whose  parents  were  James  Morgan  and 
Catherine  (Conn)  Morgan.  His  father,  a native 
of  Ireland,  was  engaged  there  in  mercantile  pursuits  until 
he  set  out  for  America,  where  he  landed,  in  New  York,  in 
1846,  bringing  w ith  him  his  entire  family  with  the  exception 
of  James  and  one  of  his  sisters.  He  then  moved  direct  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  constantly  until  his  death 
in  1862.  His  mother’s  decease  occurred  in  the  old  country 
about  three  years  previous  to  the  departure  of  the  family  for 
the  United  States.  In  the  fall  of  1848  he  also  left  his  native 
country,  and,  landing  in  America,  travelled  at  once  to  Cin- 
cinnati. His  early  education  was  liberal,  and  while  still 
quite  young  he  was  taught  the  advantages  of  industrious 
labor.  While  in  his  fifteenth  year,  he  found  employment 
with  Jacob  Ernst,  at  book-binding,  in  whose  establishment 
he  remained  for  about  eighteen  months.  He  then,  in  a 
three  years’  apprenticeship,  learned  the  trade  of  edge-tool 
making,  under  the  guidance  of  John  Powder,  and  subse- 
(luently  worked  at  his  trade  rather  irregularly  for  about  five 
years.  In  1859  he  went  to  Pike’s  Peak,  in  search  of  gold, 
and  there,  during  a stay  of  eleven  months,  was  engaged  in 
successful  operations.  Later,  he  removed  to  Denver  City, 
and  interested  himself  in  the  trading  business,  in  connection 
w'ith  Asbury  Catch,  of  Clermont  county,  Ohio.  After  a 
sojourn  in  this  place  of  five  months  or  more,  he  returned  to 
Cincinnati,  and  until  1861  w'orked  at  the  marble  business 
for  Charles  Rule.  He  afterward,  as  .Sergeant  of  Company 
B,  accompanied  the  27th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry to  the  field,  and  served  with  that  body  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  an  active  ]xarticipant  in  various  cam- 
paigns in  Missouri  under  Fremont  ; served  under  Pope  at 
the  taking  of  Island  Number  Ten  ; under  Halleck  at  Pitts- 
burgh Landing;  under  Rosecrans  at  Corinth  ; took  part  in 
the  various  Tennessee  engagements ; and  marched  with 
Sherman  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea.  In  August,  i86l,  he 
was  made  Pdrst  Lieutenant  of  Company  B,  and  in  June, 


1S62,  was  appointed  to  the  Captaincy  of  the  same  company. 
In  November,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major 
of  the  27th  Regiment  of  (dhio  Volunteer  Infantry.  During 
the  Savannah  campaign  he  was  the  actual  commander  of  the 
regiment,  and  was  offered  the  colonelcy  by  brevet,  an  honor 
which,  how'ever,  he  chose  to  decline.  In  1865  he  returned 
to  Cincinnati,  and  was  temporarily  employed  in  the  post- 
office,  under  Postmaster  Myer.  In  1866  he  established  him- 
self in  business  on  his  own  account,  as  an  edge-tool  manu- 
facturer, on  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Sycamore  streets, 
where  he  remained  during  the  following  four  years.  He 
was  residing  at  this  time  in  the  Eighth  Ward,  and  for  three 
consecutive  terms  was  elected  a member  of  the  City  Council. 
For  two  years  also  he  acted  as  a member  of  the  Board  of 
Aldermen.  In  1874  he  w'as  elected  Superintendent  of  the 
City  AVorkhouse,  and  in  1875  was  re-elected  to  fill  the  same 
position.  His  political  views  are  of  the  most  liberal  char- 
acter, while  he  is  religiously  a believer  in  Protestant  doc- 
trines. He  was  married  to  Caroline  Kroell,  the  second 
daughter  of  Rev.  Auguste  Kroell,  of  Cincinnati. 


-'o 


UGH,  HON.  JOHN  M.,  Lawyer,  Probate  Judge  of 
Franklin  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  the  said  county, 
November  7th,  1S23.  His  parents,  David  Pugh 
and  Jane  (Murphy)  Pugh,  followed  agricultural 
pursuits.  After  receiving  an  elementary  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  county,  he 
engaged  for  a year  in  teaching,  and  in  1848  commenced 
the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Samuel  Brush,  of  Colum- 
bus. In  1851  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  the  same 
year  was  elected  Clerk  for  Montgomery  township.  In  1853 
he  was  elected  Auditor  for  Franklin  county,  and  re-elected 
in  1855.  After  the  expiration  of  his  terffi  of  office  as  Au- 
ditor, he  entered  on  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  in 
the  city  of  Columbus.  In  1863  he  consented  to  stand  for 
the  office  of  Probate  Judge,  was  elected,  and  has  since  been 
four  times  re-elected  to  the  same  honorable  position,  and 
will  have  served,  when  his  time  is  out,  in  all  fifteen  succes- 
sive years.  He  has  been  prominently  identified  with  many 
of  the  more  important  public  improvements  of  central  Ohio, 
is  President  of  the  Columbus  & Mineral  Valley  Railroad, 
and  also  of  the  Hanging  Rock  Narrow-gauge  Railroad, 
which  will  connect  the  capital  directly  with  several  of  the 
manufacturing  towns  on  the  Ohio  river.  The  former  line, 
running  into  the  best  coal-fields  of  the  State,  will  add 


greatly  to  the  rapid  development  of  Colundjus  as  the  most 
desirable  manufacturing  centre  in  the  country.  His  public 
interests,  however,  are  not  confined  entirely  to  railroads  and 
coal  mines  : he  has  held  the  office  of  Treasurer  of  the 
Franklin  County  Agricultural  Society  for  ten  years,  fiom 
1861,  and  subsequently  was  made  its  President.  In  1S74 
he  was  elected  a member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
and  is  now  its  Treasurer,  and  was  also  appointed  a member 


T';,-  ■■..^^'3  ' • ' ■■•  -'. 


/ 


f.:- 


i 

^ • 


t',-*  ^ 


/ ' 


k* 


i/. 


; c 


.1* 

I 


<>'i 


yi& 


rtk 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 


189 


of  the  Centennial  Commission  for  the  Twelfth  Congressional 
District  of  Ohio.  In  the  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  he  is  Past 
Grand.  He  was  married,  December  25th,  1851,  to  Martha 
F.  Cook,  of  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  and  by  her  has  had 
eight  children.  Seven  of  these  are  still  living — four  sons 
and  three  daughters.  His  eldest  son  is  cashier  of  the 
Citizens’  Savings  Bank  of  Columbus;  his  second  son  will 
graduate  from  Princeton  College,  in  the  class  of  1876. 


EINHARD,  JACOB,  Banker  and  Editor,  was  born 
in  Niedernberg  on  the  Main,  Bavaria,  February 
aSth,  1815.  He  is  the  son  of  Michael  Reinhard 
and  Barbara  Reinhard,  who,  with  their  family, 
(gA  p left  Bavaria  in  1833,  came  to  this  country,  and 
settled  on  a farm  in  Franklin  county,  Ohio,  where 
the  former  is  still  living.  He  received  his  education  princi- 
pally in  Germany,  but  aiso  attended  school  in  Ohio,  while 
assisting  his  father  in  the  labor  of  the  farm.  He  then 
applied  himself  for  a few  years  to  the  study  of  law  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Congressman  Heman  A.  Moore,  of  Colum- 
bus. In  1839  he  became  Assistant  Engineer  on  the 
National  Road,  under  Dr.  Thomas  M.  Drake  and  General 
Patterson.  That  appointment  was  held  by  him  until  1843, 
when  he  started,  with  F.  Fieser,  the  IVestbote,  the  only 
German  newspaper  published  in  the  .State  capital.  This 
journal  has  had  a remarkably  successful  career,  and  is 
favorably  known  throughout  Columbus  and  all  the  Western 
•States.  In  1868  the  firm  of  Reinhard,  Fieser  and  F'alken- 
bach  established  their  banking-house,  under  the  style  of 
Reinhard  & Co.  That  venture  also  met  with  great  success 
from  the  outset.  In  the  prosecution  of  private  business,  he 
has  not  forgotten  his  duty  to  the  public.  Since  1852  he  has 
been  a member  of  the  City  Council,  for  a period  covering 
twenty  years,  and  for  five  years  officiated  as  President  of  this 
body.  He  is  also  Director  of  the  Franklin  Iron  Company, 
and  a stockholder  in  several  other  manufacturing  enter- 
prises of  Columbus.  The  integrity,  energy,  and  business 
sagacity  which  he  has  displayed  throughout  his  business  and 
public  career,  have  secured  for  him  not  wealth  alone,  but 
also  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-townsmen. 
He  was  married,  July  12th,  1841,  to  Catharine  Haman,  of 
Perry  county,  Ohio.  His  present  family  consists  of  four 
sons  and  two  daughters. 

LI.EN,  CHARLES  W.,  of  Allen  & Ellis,  Tobacco 
Merchants  and  Manufacturers  at  Cincinnati  and 
Chicago,  was  born  at  Holyoke,  Massachusetts, 
September  29th,  1837.  He  springs  from  the  old 
Puritan  stock,  and  his  grandfather  was  a captain 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  his  father  a manufacturer 
of  cotton  goods.  He  was  educated  at  the  academy  in  Con- 
way, Massachusetts,  and  in  1855  became  a clerk  in  a dry- 


goods store  at  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts.  In  1S57  he  re- 
moved to  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  employed  in  the 
same  capacity,  and  went  thence  to  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
in  1858,  continuing  in  the  same  line,  but  his  health  failed 
shortly  afterward,  and  he  returned  to  Beloit,  and  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  livery  business,  and  in  October  of  the 
same  year  married  the  eldest  daughter  of  W.  S.  Hunn,  of 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  the  well-known  grocery  man.  In 
1862  he  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  where  he  continued 
in  the  same  line  until  he  engaged  in  the  tobacco  trade  in 
1864.  July  1st,  1870,  he  formed  a copartnership  with 
Alnion  I).  Ellis,  under  the  firm-name  of  Allen  & Ellis,  and 
engaged  e.xtensively  in  the  manufacture  of  fine-cut  tobacco. 
Their  works  were  entirely  destroyed  by  the  great  fire  of  * 
October,  1871,  and  they  were  thus  left  absolutely  without 
the  means  of  supplying  their  customers,  but,  nothing 
daunted,  they  looked  immediately  for  the  needed  facilities 
to  enable  them  to  continue.  Our  subject  removed  imme- 
diately to  Cincinnati,  and  set  about  the  resumption  of  oper- 
ations with  so  much  energy  that,  within  ten  days,  another 
factory  was  in  full  operation.  Mr.  Ellis,  whose  name  ap- 
pears in  the  “ Biographical  Encyclopaedia  of  Illinois,”  re- 
mains in  charge  of  the  Chicago  branch.  The  Cincinnati 
works  occupy  the  large  five-storied  building.  Nos.  ll,  13, 
15  and  17  Vine  street,  within  which  all  is  activity,  employ- 
ment being  given  to  from  300  to  4CK)  hands  throughout  the 
year.  It  is  the  most  extensive  fine-cut  manufactory  in  the 
whole  West,  the  firm  having  paid  a government  tax  of  over 
$400,000  during  the  year  1874,  and  during  P'ebruary,  1875, 
the  shortest  month  of  the  year,  paid  tax  on  over  300,000 
pounds  of  fine-cut  tobacco.  This  marked  pre-eminence  in  a 
city  that  pays  three-fourths  of  the  tobacco  tax  of  the  whole 
country,  is  a sufficient  attestation  of  the  energy  and  ability 
with  which  the  operations  are  conducted. 


UNTINGTON,  HENRY  DWIGHT,  Retired 
Merchant  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut.  He  belongs  to  one  of  the  old 
Puritan  families,  with  a history  dating  back  sev- 
eral hundred  years,  and  having  representatives  in 
all  branches  of  life.  His  own  father  was  Erastus 
Huntington,  who  was  a graduate  of  Yale  College,  and  a 
prominent  manufacturer  of  Norwich.  His  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  General  Joseph  Williams,  a leading  merchant 
and  prominent  public  man  in  Connecticut  in  the  last  century. 
In  the  year  1836  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  having  finished 
his  school  education  in  his  native  town,  entered  the  tiueens- 
ware  store  of  his  brother  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1838  he 
became  a principal  in  the  business,  in  connection  with 
Charles  V.  Wallack,  afterwards  Mayor  of  Washington  City. 
In  the  following  year  Mr.  Wallack  retired,  and  Mr.  Oliver 
A.  Brooks  entered  the  house,  which  then  became  Hunting- 
ton  & Brooks.  This  house  still  exists,  and  is  one  of  the 


190 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCL0P.L;DIA. 


oldest  fimis  in  Ohio  in  which  the  original  members  are  yet 
managers.  It  has  never  met  any  reverses.  In  1843,  find- 
ing the  field  of  their  operations  too  small,  they  established  a 
house  in  Cincinnati,  of  which  .\Ir.  Huntington  became  man- 
ager, residing  in  that  city.  In  1845  they  began  the  direct 
importation  of  glassware  from  Europe,  a hazardous  adven- 
ture at  that  time,  but  which  was  eminently  successful.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Voung  Men’s  Mer- 
cantile Library  Association.  In  1868  he  was  elected  Di- 
rector of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & Dayton  Railroad 
Company ; and  he  has  been  variously  connected  with 
schemes  for  advancing  the  interests  of  the  city.  Amid  the 
cares  and  responsibilities  of  his  active  business  career,  he 
has  found  time  to  make  several  trips  to  Europe.  Eew  men 
of  his  age  enjoy  better  health,  and  seldom  can  a man  be 
found  at  any  age  with  a memory  so  extraordinary.  He  has 
at  times  reproduced  on  paper,  from  memory,  whole  lectures 
heard  on  the  most  abstruse  subjects,  and  that  in  the  most 
rapid  manner.  His  personal  habits  have  been  unexception- 
able. His  social  and  bu.^iness  reputations  are  praiseworthy, 
and  he  is  a sincere  Christian.  He  has  been  twice  married  ; 
first,  in  1846,  to  the  daughter  of  Rev.  .Samuel  Johnston,  the 
earliest  rector  of  St.  Paul’s  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of 
Cincinnati,  a lady  of  most  attractive  qualities,  by  whom  he 
had  two  living  children — Edward  Hallam  and  Frank;  July 
22(1,  1S73,  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Augusta  M.  Shumway, 
of  Chic.rgo,  daughter  of  William  S.  Johnston,  of  Cincinnati. 
This  lady  is  a cousin  of  his  former  wife,  and  is  of  great  re- 
ligious and  social  worth.  She  has  travelled  over  the  greater 
part  of  the  world.  Among  some  noble  charities  she  has 
built  a fine  church,  at  a cost  of  $30,000,  at  Faribault,  Min- 
nesota. 


EHRMANN,  LOUIS  F.,  Furniture  Manufacturer 
and  Dealer,  and  one  of  the  most  notew’orthy  self- 
made  men  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1820.  In  1837  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
at  once  located  in  Cincinnati,  where  his  father  had 
preceded  the  rest  of  his  family  in  the  year  1834. 
In  making  the  trip  to  Cincinnati  over  the  country,  Mr. 
Wehrmann  walked  from  Baltimore  -to  Wheeling.  This 
event  he  remembers  as  no  particular  hardship  to  that  which 
the  boys  of  those  days  were  required  to  submit.  Now  a 
trip  to  the  Brighton,  or  any  short  distance  in  the  city,  must 
be  made  on  the  cars.  Soon  after  arriving  in  Cincinnati,  he 
obtained  a situation,  at  $50  a year,  with  boarding  included. 
At  this  rate  he  had  contracted  for  five  years,  but  his  friends 
being  dissatisfied  with  the  treatment  he  received,  in  a few 
months  he  was  induced  to  seek  a better  place.  This  he  se- 
cured in  a furniture  and  upholstering  establishment,  where 
he  learned  a trade,  and  remained  five  years.  In  the  mean- 
time his  father  having  started  a bakery,  he  then  went  into 
that  and  served  a regular  apprenticeship.  Afterwards  work- 
iiiT  a while  in  the  furniture-house  where  he  had  learned  his 


trade,  and  having  saved  the  greater  part  of  the  money  he 
had  earned,  in  1847  he  started  the  furniture  business  for 
himself,  with  a capital  of  a few  hundred  dollars.  At  the 
time  of  arriving  in  Cincinnati,  he  was  penniless,  and  during 
the  ten  years  of  labor  from  1837  to  1847,  he  bad  never  made 
more  than  from  one  to  seven  dollars  a week,  yet  he  was  able 
to  start  business  on  his  own  account,  with  a fine  reputation 
and  an  almost  unlimited  credit.  This  he  has  continued 
unbroken  to  the  present  time,  and  now  has  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  prosperous  furniture  establishments,  chiefly  retail, 
in  the  city.  And  in  a noiseless  way,  for  twenty  years,  doing 
a straight,  legitimate  business,  he  has  become  one  of  the 
solid  men  of  the  town.  He  married  Catharine  Nichter,  who 
came  to  the  United  States  during  the  same  year  in  which  he 
himself  arrived.  They  have  a family  of  seven  children. 
One  of  his  sons  is  now  in  business  with  him.  Mr.  Wehr- 
mann received  but  a rudimentary  common  school  education 
in  the  old  country,  to  which  he  has  made  from  time  to  time 
such  additions  as  he  could  throughout  his  business  career 
here,  and  certainly  most  deservedly  stands  among  the  class 
of  quiet,  una-ssuming  self-made  men,  who  have  not  only 
gathered  themselves  competencies,  but  honorable  reputations 
among  their  fellow-men. 


t(|j( 

I 


¥ 


OHNSON,  ORANGE,  Banker,_was  born  in  Mans- 
field, Connecticut,  F'ebruary  7th,  1790.  Until  the 
year  1S07  he  resided  with  his  parents,  assisting  his 
father  in  the  cultivation  of  his  farm,  and  attending 
school  during  the  winter  seasons.  In  that  year  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a comb-maker  to  learn  the 
trade,  and  continued  in  this  business  in  Mansfield,  Souther- 
iimton,  Berlin,  and  Pllica,  New  York,  until  1814,  when  he 
started  for  Ohio,  making  the  journey  on  horseback,  and 
meeting  his  expenses  by  the  sale  of  combs.  On  August  l ith, 
1814,  he  arrived  at  Worthington,  Ohio,  and  established  the 
comb  business  in  that  place,  on  a capital  of  $16.50,  the  ag- 
gregate of  all  the  money  he  possessed.  His  first  customer, 
Robert  Neil,  of  the  firm  of  William  & Robert  Neil,  mer- 
chants, of  Urbana,  made  a wholesale  purchase  amounting  to 
$10.50.  In  order  to  pack  his  goods  in  a merchantable 
manner,  and  to  show  them  off  to  the  best  advantage,  he 
needed  paper  and  twine,  but  a thorough  search  of  the  town 
failed  in  finding  them.  He  secured  the  services  of  “ Mother 
Fairfield  ” to  spin  the  twine,  and  in  the  morning,  with  this, 
and  with  paper  which,  during  the  night,  he  had  accidentally 
discovered,  he  was  enalded  to  present  Mr.  Neil  with  his 
wholesale  purchases  infra  forma  condition.  The  business 
thus  commenced  grew  rapidly  and  prosperously.  In  1827  he 
was  appointed  Commissioner  to  open  a turnpike  road  to  San- 
dusky, and  he  was  occupied  in  this  labor  about  ten  years. 
During  this  period  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and  in  deal- 
ing in  real  estate,  his  ventures  being  judiciously  made.  He 
was  also  appointed,  with  two  other  gentlemen,  to  make  the 
first  survey  for  a railroad  to  Xenia,  and  in  all  the  public  ser- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


igi 


vices  into  which  he  was  called,  he  distinguished  his  labors 
by  intelligence  and  by  energy.  P'or  many  years  he  was  a 
director  of  the  old  Clinton  Hank,  serving  with  his  firm  friend, 
D.  \V.  Deshler.  He  was  also  a director  in  the  P'ranklin 
National  and  State  Bank,  and  exhibited  excellent  qualities 
as  a financier  and  a man.ager  of  responsible  monetary  in- 
stitutions. When  Mr.  Johnson  first  reached  that  section  of 
the  State  which  for  so  long  a time  was  the  scene  of  his  active 
labors,  he  found  it  sparsely  settled,  its  many  resources  but 
partially  developed,  and  the  people  comparatively  poor. 
Only  a small  amount  of  money  was  in  circulation,  and  this 
raised  serious  obstacles  in  the  path  of  his  business  career, 
which  would  have  discouraged  men  of  less  nerve  and  perse- 
verance. In  the  face  of  adverse  circumstances  he  carried 
on  his  business  interests  resolutely,  and  was  able  to  gradually 
accumulate  a large  amount  of  property.  He  became  a 
resident  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1862,  but  before  that  time 
was  prominently  engaged  in  labors  which  beneficially  af- 
fected its  permanent  prosperity,  and  since  he  has  become 
one  of  its  citizens  he  has  aided  largely  in  the  support  of 
public  improvements.  He  erected  the  Johnson  Block  and 
Sesiions  Block,  and  in  many  ways  contributed  to  increase 
the  vital  business  interests  of  the  city.  His  foresight,  good 
judgment  and  energy  have  rendered  him  remarkably  suc- 
cessful as  a mechanic,  farmer,  manufacturer,  contractor  and 
banker,  and  while  iie  has  acquired  a large  fortune,  it  has 
been  honorably  earned.  No  man  ever  questioned  his  fair 
dealing  and  integrity  of  action,  and  no  man  deserves  more 
than  he  the  respect  which  the  public  accord  to  him.  Al- 
though over  fourscore  years  of  age,  he  still  retains  his  place 
in  business  circles,  as  a partner  in  the  Commercial  Bank. 
He  has  the  affection  of  his  family,  the  warm  friendship  of 
associates,  the  comforts  and  the  luxuries  of  a home  of  ease, 
and  with  advancing  years  he  finds  increasing  instead  of  de- 
creasing contentment.  He  was  married  in  August,  1815,  to 
Achsa  Maynard. 


ROWN,  WILLIAM  L.,  Editor  and  Proprietor  of 
The  Alahoning  Vindicator,  was  born  in  Chitten- 
den county,  Vermont,  December  25th,  1840.  He 
is  of  Irish  extraction.  His  early  education  was 
acquired  in  Canfield,  Mahoning  county.  In  the 
years  following  school  life,  he  was  engaged  in 
teaching,  and  in  studying  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1862,  and  subsequently  practised  his  profession  for  about 
nine  years.  At  the  present  time  he  is  engrossed  in  journal- 
istic labors,  being  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  The  Alahon- 
ing  Vindicator,  a journal  of  acknowledged  influence  and 
great  literary  merit.  During  the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
he  served  as  Lieutenant  in  the  88th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  and  al  .0  as  Recruiting  Officer  of  the  I25lh 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  officiated  as  first 
Clerk  in  the  House  of  the.  first  Territorial  Legislature  of 
Montana.  Subsequently  returning  to  Ohio,  he  acted  as 


Aide-de-Camp  to  Governor  William  Allen.  In  the  fall  of 
1875  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  State  Senator  in 
the  Twenty-third  .Senatorial  District  of  Ohio,  running  largely 
ahead  of  his  ticket.  He  has  always  manifested  a warm  inter- 
est in  the  educational  and  political  questions  of  the  day,  and 
is  to  be  commended  for  the  shrewdness  and  liberality  which 
he  brings  to  bear  upon  the  leading  topics  of  the  time. 


ILLIAMS,  JAMES,  State  Auditor  of  Ohio,  was 
born  in  Prince  George’s  county,  Maryland,  May 
31st,  1822,  his  father,  John  W.  Williams,  being 
of  English  and  AVelsh  descent,  and  his  mother, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Eleanor  Duval,  being 
of  h'rencb  Huguenot  and  English  descent.  The 
family  moved  in  1831  to  Champaign  county,  Ohio,  in  the 
common  schools  of  which  he  was  educated.  After  leaving 
school  he  became  a clerk  in  a country  merchant  store,  and 
in  1840  began  the  study  of  medicine.  He  graduated,  after 
pursuing  a thorough  course  of  study,  in  1S43,  and  ])ractised 
with  much  success  during  the  three  succeeding  years.  He 
subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and 
to  the  profession  of  teaching,  fur  which  he  was  well  quali- 
fied.- He  served  in  the  Legislature  during  the  sessions  of 
1852  and  1853,  and  afterw'ards  became  an  assistant  in  the 
State  Auditor’s  office,  acting  first  as  clerk  and  then  as 
deputy,  until  1871,  when  he  w-as  elected  Auditor  of  the 
State,  being  honored  with  a re-election  in  1875.  In  this 
important  department  of  the  State  administration,  he  has 
served  .altogether  over  tw-enty  years,  and  by  the  election  of 
1875  was  chosen  for  a further  term  of  four  years.  His  long 
experience  in  the  office,  his  complete  knowledge  of  all  the 
details  of  its  business  and  his  skill  as  an  executive,  have 
rendered  his  discharge  of  the  duties  of  auditor  wholly  satis- 
factory to  the  people  at  large  in  the  State.  He  wms  a Whig 
until  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party,  w'ith  which  he 
has  ever  since  been  connected.  He  served  as  a Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  a short  time,  and  in  this,  as  in  his  later  and 
more  important  capacities,  he  won  the  confidence  and  the 
esteem  of  his  fellow'-citizens.  He  w-as  married  in  May, 
1844,  and  by  this  marriage  had  tw'o  children,  one  of  \^  hom 
survives.  He  was  again  married,  in  1848,  and  had  five  chil- 
dren, four  of  whom  are  living. 


ING,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Shoe  Manufacturer, 
w'as  born  in  Leicester,  W'orcester  county,  Massa- 
chusetts, August  25th,  1818.  While  in  Ids  eighth 
year  he  lost  his  father,  and  was  then  obliged  to 
commence  the  struggle  of  life  alone  and  unaided. 
For  seven  years  he  w'orked  on  a farm,  receiving 
during  those  years  a limited  elementary  education.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  was  placed  to  learn  the  shoemaker’s  trade. 


192 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EHI A. 


and  found  employment  in  one  of  the  neighboring  shops. 
Until  1843  worked  at  his  trade  in  Philadelphia  and  other 
places,  then  settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  only  shoe  factory  then  existing  west  of  the 
Allegheny  mountains — the  house  of  L.  Chapin  & Co., 
which  had  absorbed  the  establishment  of  Badger  & Co. 
After  L.  Chapin  & Co.  failed,  A.  M.  Taylor  & Co.  took 
charge  of  the  stock  and  remained  in  business  until  1848. 
He  finally  became  foreman  of  the  house,  and  acted  in  this 
capacity  until  1848,  when  he  commenced  business  on  his  own 
account,  and  opened  a factory.  That  was  then  the  second 
wholesale  boot  manufactory  in  the  western  country,  and 
afterwards  ranked  with  the  most  extensive  establishments  of 
its  kind  beyond  the  mountains.  With  several  changes  of 
locality,  or  street,  he  continued  to  prosecute  his  business  in 
the  most  prosperous  manner  until  1863,  when  he  accepted 
an  appointment  under  the  government  as  Inspector  for 
Army  Shoe  Supplies.  He  then  disposed  of  his  manufac- 
turing interests  by  sale,  and  remained  in  the  service  of  the 
Government  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Since  then  he  has 
not  returned  to  manufacturing  pursuits,  but  has  spent  his 
time  in  work,  or  retirement,  as  the  humor  has  seized  him. 
In  tlie  afftirs  of  the  city  he  has  filled  various  important 
trusts,  and  is  widely  and  favorably  known  as  an  enterprising 
and  loyal  citizen.  One  of  the  pioneers  of  shoe  manufactur- 
ing in  the  West,  he  started  his  business  with  no  machinery, 
and  in  the  face  of  environing  difficulties  which  would  have 
disheartened  a less  energetic  and  sanguine  spirit.  And  the 
present  prosperous  state  of  the  shoe  manufacturing  business 
of  Cincinnati,  now  one  of  the  most  important  of  her  interests, 
is  in  no  small  me.asure  attributable  to  his  untiring  persever- 
ance. He  was  married  in  1843  to  Harriet  Day,  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania.  After  her  demise  he  was  again 
married,  in  1S49,  to  Sarah  Higbee. 


"OLEMAN,  DAVID,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton county,  Pennsylvania,  March  24th,  1822.  He 
was  the  fifth  child  in  a family  of  six  children, 
whose  parents  were  William  Coleman  and  Jane 
(Boyce)  Coleman.  His  father,  a native  of  New 
Jersey,  followed  through  life  agricultural  pursuits, 
he  settled  in  Carroll  county,  Ohio,  whence  he 
moved,  in  1846,  to  Adams  county,  where  he  resided  until 
his  demise  in  1854.  His  mother,  a native  of  Washington 
county,  Pennsylvania,  died  in  1858.  His  ancestry,  on  the 
paternal  side,  were  identified  with  the  revolutionary  struggle. 
Until  his  twentieth  year  w.as  reached,  he  was  employ'ed 
alternately  in  working  on  a farm  during  the  summer  season, 
and  attending  school  in  the  winter  months.  Also,  assuming 
the  role  of  educator  at  eighteen,  he  was  engaged  irregularly 
in  teaching  until  he  was  twenty-five  years  of  age.  In  1845, 
his  persevering  application  to  literary  studies  having  en- 
dowed him  with  a varied  store  of  excellent  and  useful  at- 


tainments, he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the 
supervision  of  Dr.  C.  V.  McMillen,  at  Carrollton,  Ohio. 
During  the  following  three  years  he  devoted  his  time  and 
attention  sedulously  to  his  text  books,  and  in  the  winters  of 
1S47,  1848  and  1849,  attended  lectures  at  the  Western  Re- 
serve Medical  College,  located  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In 
February,  1849,  I’®  graduated  with  honor  from  this  institu- 
tion, and  subsequently  removed  to  West  Union,  Adams 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  control 
of  an  extensive  medical  practice.  During  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  he  served  for  two  years  as  Examining  Surgeon  in 
the  United  States  Provost  Marshal’s  office,  of  the  Eleventh 
Ohio  Congressional  District.  He  supports  the  Republican 
party.  Public  office  of  a political  or  partisan  nature  he  has 
never  either  sought  or  accepted.  The  Presbyterian  Church 
cherishes  the  creed  on  which  he  bases  his  views  of  religion 
and  theology.  He  was  married  in  1851  to  Elizabeth  C. 
Kirker,  a native  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  and  a relative  of 
ex-Governor  Kirker,  deceased. 


ijljioORDON,  THOMAS  WINSLOW^  M.  D.,  was  born 
at  Warren,  Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  September 
23d,  1819.  He  was  the  oldest  child  in  a family 
of  thirteen  children,  whose  parents  were  Robert 
Gordon  and  Susanna  Bacon  (Winslow)  Gordon. 
Robert  Gordon  was  a native  of  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  came  with  his  father’s  family,  when  in 
his  fourth  year,  to  the  “Northwestern  Territory.’’  He  was 
partially  educated  as  a physician,  but  followed  mechanical 
pursuits  through  life,  and  became  prominent  as  a m.aster 
mechanic.  His  demise  occurred  February  12th,  1S72. 
Thomas  Gordon,  the  grandfather  of  Dr.  Gordon,  was  a 
native  of  Scotland,  was  an  early  pioneer  in  the  West,  and 
settled  in  the  “ Northwestern  Territory,”  in  November, 
1799,  in  the  township  of  Poland,  Trumbull  (now  Ma- 
honing) county,  Ohio.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  Susanna  Bacon  Winslow,  was  a native  of  the  town 
of  Najtles,  New  York,  her  father,  .Seth  Winslow,  having 
removed  from  Massachusetts  just  before  her  birth.  She  was 
descended  in  a direct  line  from  Edward  Winslow,  one  of 
the  immortal  Pilgrims  who  crossed  the  Atlantic  in  the 
famous  ship  “ Mayflower.”  The  various  members  of  her 
family  were  intimately  identified  with  the  revolutionary 
struggle,  and  active  and  useful  participants  therein.  She 
died  in  1849  'f*  Warren,  Trumbull  county,  Ohio.  His  early 


education  was  received  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the 
Warren  Academy.  His  more  advanced  literary  and  scien- 
tific education  was  obtained  by  his  own  untiring  individual 
efforts  and  from  private  tutors  noted  for  their  scholastic  at- 
tainments. During  vacations  he  assisted  his  father  in  the 
manufacture  of  bricks  and  in  building.  In  his  fourteenth 
year  he  began  the  study  of  anptomy  and  physiology  under 
the  guidance  of  Dr.  Sylvanus  Seely,  of  W’arren,  Ohio.  Sub- 


i^Alajy  Puif  Co  Wn^***^ 


. < 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EA'CVCLOP.EDIA. 


193 


seqiienlly,  for  a period  of  almost  ten  years,  lie  pursued  the 
study  of  the  various  departments  of  medicine  conjointly  with 
science  and  languages.  In  this  time  he  travelled  through 
the  West,  investigating  the  nature  and  iieculiarities  of  dis- 
eases prevalent  in  the  regions  visited.  He  frequently  found 
difficulty  (being  quite  young)  in  obtaining  the  permission  of 
physicians  to  visit  their  patients.  He  therefore  commenced 
operating  for  “ club  foot,”  “ strabismus,”  removal  of  tumors, 
etc.,  etc.,  and  from  that  time  forward  had  all  the  opportuni- 
ties he  desired  to  carry  on  his  self-imposed  investigations. 
The  last  two  years  of  his  student  life  was  spent  in  the  office 
of  D.  B.  Woods,  W.  D.,  of  Warren,  Ohio.  W'hen  almost 
e.vhausled  with  the  more  severe  or  abstruse  studies  of  his 
profe.ssion,  he  used  to  take  his  botany  and  proceed  to  the 
forests,  and  there  investigate  the  laws  of  that  science  as  a 
recreation.  In  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1S44  he  attended 
a preliminary  course  of  lectures  at  the  Willoughby  University, 
and  during  the  regular  sessions  of  1S44,  1S45  1846,  at- 

tended lectures  at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  where  he 
graduated  with  honors  in  1846  (having  passed  an  e.xamina- 
tion  by  the  faculty  the  year  previous),  and  received  from  it  a 
certificate  of  qualification  to  practise  his  profession.  He 
began  the  active  practice  of  medicine  in  Bazetta,  Trumbull 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1850,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Georgetown,  Brown  county,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  continuously  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
and  surgery,  when  not  absent  fulfilling  the  various  duties 
devolving  on  him  as  a professor  in  a medical  college  and 
as  surgeon  in  the  army.  He  took  an  irregular  course  of  law 
reading  under  the  supervision  of  Hon.  John  J.  Crowell,  of 
W arren— nowof  Cleveland,  Ohio — before  leaving  the  North. 
After  his  removal  to  Georgetown  he  read  law  regularly  for 
more  than  two  years,  devoting  all  his  spare  time  to  its  study, 
under  instructions  from  John  G.  Marshall,  Esq.,  of  George- 
town, and  holds  a certificate  of  qualification,  dated  January 
7th,  1854.  Not  intending  to  practise  law  as  a profession, 
he  never  applied  for  “ admission  to  the  bar.”  In  1853  he 
became  a member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
and  in  1856  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Etiology  and  Pathology  of  Epidemic  Cholera  liy  that  asso- 
ciation. In  the  autumn  of  1854  and  the  following  winter 
and  spring,  he  edited  the  Independent  American,  a weekly 
literaiy  and  political  newspaper,  published  at  Georgetown. 
In  1857-58  he  was  Profe.ssorof  Materia  Medica  and  Thera- 
peutics, and  in  1858-59-60  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Pharmacy,  in  the  “ Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery.”  In  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  .Surgeon  of  the 
97th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  and  as  Brigade  Surgeon  from  August,  1862,  until 
June,  1864,  when  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his  commis- 
sion on  account  of  disability  arising  from  a wound  received 
in  the  memorable  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge,  fought  No- 
vember 25th,  1863.  He  was  appointed  United  States 
Examining  Surgeon  for  Pensions  in  November,  1862,  which 
position  he  continues  to  hold.  He  has  delivered  several 

25 


popular  lectures,  which  have  been  highly  extolled  ; espe- 
cially his  lecture  on  the  “Miracles  of  Man.”  He  has 
written  many  articles  on  literary  and  scientific  subjects, 
which  have  been  published  in  various  papers  and  magazines. 
Over  various  nom  de plumes  (chiefly  that  of  OrI(5X),  he  has 
irublished  many  poems.  He  was  for  several  years  the  Presi- 
dent of  a literary  club  formed  by  writers  of  Brown  and 
Clermont  counties,  bearing  the  name  “ Poetical  Union.” 
He  was  a member  of  the  first  meteorological  society  formed 
in  the  West — if  not  the  first  in  the  United  States — and  was 
made  its  temporary  chairman.  He  was  the  first  President 
of  the  Brown  County  Academy  of  Medicine.  He  has  con- 
tributed many  articles  of  acknowledged  ability  to  prominent 
medical  journals.  His  essays,  read  before  the  Ohio  State 
Medical  Society,  on  “ Cholera,”  “ Scarlatina,”  etc.,  deserve 
special  mention  as  reports  of  very  careful  investigation  and 
value.  In  1874  he  was  a candidate  for  Congress  on  the 
Republican  ticket  in  the  district  composed  of  the  counties 
of  Ross,  Pike,  Highland,  Adams  and  Brown,  one  of  the 
strongest  Democratic  districts  in  the  .State,  making  a gain 
on  the  Republican  State  ticket,  when  all  other  districts  lost 
ground.  He  has  always  evinced  an  earnest  interest  in  the 
polilical  questions  and  movements  of  the  day,  and  cast  his 
first  vote  in  favor  of  General  Harrison.  Religiously,  his 
views  are  liberal,  and  not  hedged  about  by  the  doctrines  of 
any  particular  creed,  though  a firm  believer  in  an  All-wise 
Supreme  Being.  He  was  married,  November  14th,  1836, 
to  Minerva  Elvira  Scoville,  a native  of  Trumbull  county, 
whose  decease  occurred  December  20th,  1869.  By  her  he 
had  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living.  His  eldest  son, 
S.  C.  Gordon,  M.  D.,  was  an  assistant  surgeon  and  surgeon 
during  the  war.  He  was  again  married,  November  14th, 
1872,  to  Elizabeth  Norman  Dugan,  a native  of  Brown 
county,  Ohio. 


ISHER,  JOHN  C.,  Editor,  was  born  on  the  15th 
of  December,  1840,  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio. 
His  father,  William  Fisher,  was  a farmer,  and  he 
was  the  oldest  son.  It  may  readily  be  supposed, 
therefore,  th.at,  in  his  case,  hard  work  took  prece- 
dence of  hard  study,  and  that,  so  far  as  school  ex- 
periences constitute  education,  his  early  education  was  but 
limited.  Notwithstanding  the  lack  of  early  opportunities, 
however,  he  had,  by  the  time  he  reached  the  age  of  eighteen, 
(pialified  himself  to  teach  district  school,  and  from  that  time 
until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old,  he  devoted  his  winters  to 
teaching.  By  this  means  he  was  enabled  to  meet  the  ex- 
pense involved  in  a course  of  study  at  Dennison  University, 
Granville,  and  another  course  .at  the  Columbus  Commercial 
College.  Dividing  his  time  thus  between  studying,  teaching 
and  working  on  the  farm,  he  went  on  until  the  spring  of 
1866,  when,  with  the  surplus  which  he  had  saved  by 
strictest  economy,  out  of  his  earnings,  he  purchased  the 
Coshocton  Democrat,  and  entered  upon  tlie  arduous  and 


194 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOIAEDIA. 


varied  labors  of  journalism.  Pie  still  continues  to  conduct 
the  Deniocral,  and  has  made  it  what  it  is — one  of  the  most 
carefully  edited  and  influential  papers  in  the  State,  outside 
of  Cincinnati.  As  an  editorial  writer  he  has  acquired  a 
high  reputation,  and  as  an  enterprising  and  skilful  journalist 
he  has  few  superiors.  Politically  he  is  a Democrat,  and  has 
acted  with  the  Democratic  party  ever  since  he  became  a 
voter,  and  now  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  leaders 
of  his  party  in  the  State,  or  at  least  in  his  section  of  it.  In 
1S73  ''s  was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  to  the  State 
.Senate,  from  the  Eighteenth  District,  embracing  Coshocton 
and  Tuscarawas  counties.  lie  was  made  Chairman  of  the 
Senate  Committees  on  Public  Printing  and  Enrolment,  and 
also  a member  of  the  Committees  on  Revision,  Common 
.Schools,  Mines  and  Mining  and  Public  Works.  He  took 
a high  rank  as  a parliamentarian  and  as  an  active  and  able 
committeeman.  He  was  especially  noted  for  his  close  atten- 
tion to  all  the  business  that  came  before  the  Senate,  and  for 
his  excellent  judgment  on  all  legislalive  questions,  while  he 
earned  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  constituents  by  the 
earnestness  with  which  he  advocated  measures  of  reform, 
and  the  skill  with  which  he  managed  local  legislation  which 
he  considered  worthy  of  his  support.  In  March,  1875,  he 
was  appointed  l)y  Governor  Allen  one  of  the  three  Fish 
Commissioners  for  Ohio,  to  the  duties  of  which  position  he 
is  now  devoting  much  of  his  time  and  energy.  He  is  also 
a Director  of  the  Massillon  & Coshocton  Railway  Company. 
H e was  married  on  the  15th  of  December,  1869,  to  Sarah  A. 
Hawthorne,  a descendant  of  the  family  to  which  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne,  the  author,  belonged. 


.VUERTH,  GEORGE  V.,  Author  and  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  January  29th,  1S44,  being 


the  son  of  John  V.  and  Louisa  Nauerth,  both  na- 
tives of  the  district  of  Landeau,  in  the  Rhenish 
Palatinate,  Germany.  His  falh.r,  a baker  by 
trade,  emigrated  to  America  in  1831,  and  after  a 
short  residence  in  Cincinnati,  settled  permanently  in  Dayton. 
George  V.  was  educated  in  Miami  University,  at  Oxford, 
Ohio,  and  when  eighteen  graduated  from  that  institution  with 
the  class  of  1862,  and  with  the  second  honors.  He  received 
at  this  time  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and  subse- 
quently that  of  Master  of  Arts,  conferred  in  course.  Imme- 
diately upon  leaving  college,  he  went  to  Europe,  where  for 
a year  he  studied  civil  law  under  Carl  Adolph  V'on  Vange- 
row,  and  criminal  law  under  the  eminent  jurist,  John  Mitte- 
maier,  in  the  Charles  Rupert  University,  at  Heidelberg.  P'or 
some  months  after  leaving  this  institution,  he  travelled 
through  the  northern  states  of  Europe,  and  then  went  to 
Paris,  where  he  entered  the  University  of  France,  and  during 
eight  months  attended  the  course  of  lectures  on  civil  law 
ami  the  code  Napoleon,  at  the  Ecole  de  Droit.  He  con- 
cluded his  stay  in  Europe  with  a trip  through  southern 


France,  Switzerland  and  Italy,  and  returned  home  in  the 
summer  of  1864.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  entered  the 
Cincinnati  Eaw  School,  from  which  he  graduated,  and  in 
the  following  April  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  within  three 
months  after  he  had  attained  his  majority.  He  began  prac- 
tice at  once  in  Dayton,  with  Thomas  O.  Lowe,  subsequently 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Montgomery  county,  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  1870, 
his  former  partner,  Mr.  Lowe,  having  in  the  meantime  been 
elevated  to  the  bench,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and 
conducted  it  alone  until  1873,  when  he  formed  a partnership 
with  Judge  McKenny,  who  had  just  resigned  his  seat  on  the 
Common  Pleas  Bench.  This  partnership  still  continues, 
and  the  firm  are  engaged  in  a large  and  important  practice 
in  that  section  of  the  State.  Mr.  Nauerth,  not  only  from  his 
thorough  legal  training,  hut  from  his  scholarly  attainments, 
and  his  perfect  mastery  of  the  three  great  modern  languages, 
took,  in  a very  short  time  from  the  commencement  of  his 
career,  a high  position  at  the  bar.  He  is  careful  in  the  prep- 
aration of  his  cases,  keen  as  a cross-examiner,  and  eloquent 
and  forciltle  as  a pleader,  his  arguments  being  models  of  ar- 
rangement and  expression.  He  has  made  some  scholarly 
translations  of  important  works,  which  he  has  never  pub- 
lished, and  is  now  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  a history 
of.  Germany,  which,  handsomely  illustrated,  will  soon  be 
issued  in  three  octavo  volumes.  It  will  follow  the  histories 
of  the  principal  historians  of  Germany,  though  it  will  be  in 
no  sense  a translation.  There  is  a want  of  some  popular 
English  work  on  German  history,  and  this  is  intended  to 
meet  the  wishes  of  students  and  the  reading  public.  Mr. 
Nauerth  has  fine  artistic  discrimination,  and  is  himself  skil- 
ful in  the  use  of  the  brush.  F'or  some  time  he  studied 
under  an  excellent  master,  and  with  a natural  talent  for  the 
art,  succeeded  admirably.  He  has  a very  fine  art  collection 
of  engravings,  embracing  many  rare  pieces. 


VERS,  HON.  JOHN  L.,  State  Representative  from 
Fayette  county  in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly 
of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Botetourt  county,  Virginia, 
August  7th,  1803,  his  parents  being  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (.Smith)  Myers.  His  father  was  a native 
of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  mother  of 
the  State  in  which  he  was  born.  He  came  with  them  in 
1807  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Fayette  county,  in  the  common 
schools  of  which  he  received  his  education.  In  1828  he 
began  life  as  a farmer  and  stock  raiser,  and  now  has  an 
estate  of  twelve  hundred  acres.  He  entered  energetically 
to  work  in  the  course  he  had  marked  out,  and  took  every 
step  to  improve  the  value  of  the  stock  which  was  raised  upon 
his  farm.  He  was  the  first  to  introduce  into  Fayette  county 
the  Durhams,  and  in  a short  time  became  known  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  raisers  of  fine  cattle  in  the  State.  He 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


195 


is  a stockholder  in  the  Sciota  Importing  Company,  an  asso- 
ciation formed  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  from  England 
blooded  stock,  and  has  himself  raised  a great  many  prize 
Durham  cattle.  His  political  affiliations  have  been  with 
the  Whig,  Eree-soil  and  ke]ntblican  parties.  His  first  vote 
was  cast  for  John  Quincy  Adams  for  President,  and  since 
then  he  has  been  an  influential  citizen  in  his  section  in  con- 
ducting and  controlling  political  affairs.  In'  1873  he  was 
elected  from  Fayette  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  on 
the  Republican  ticket,  and  participated  with  zeal  and  intel- 
ligence in  all  the  legislation  performed  by  the  Sixty-first 
General  -Vssembly  of  Ohio.  He  was  placed  on  the  Com- 
mittees on  Roads  and  Turnpikes,  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’ 
Orphans’  Home,  and  an  Asylum  for  Disabled  Soldiers. 
He  has  rendered  valuable  services  to  his  constituency  both 
in  the  committee  room  and  on  the  floor  of  the  lower  House. 
He  has  taken  a great  interest  in  public  works  of  his  locality, 
and  has  especially  distinguished  himself  in  his  long-con- 
tinued and  able  efforts  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the 
system  for  popular  instruction.  On  November  4th,  1828, 
he  married  Catharine  Vance,  of  his  own  county,  by  whom 
he  has  had  nine  children,  seven  surviving,  two  being  sons. 
One  of  these,  John  J.,  was  Lieutenant  in  the  60th  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry.  Mr.  Myers  owes  to  his  own  unaided 
efforts  the  position  he  has  attained  in  society  and  the 
competency  he  has  amassed. 

ra'iA’ 

"I 

WEN.S,  JOB  E.,  one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Owens, 
Lane  & Dyer  Machine  Company,  was  born  in 
Wales,  and  came  to  America  while  quite  young, 
settling  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  his  early  days 
were  passed.  While  there  he  served  an  appren- 
ticeship at  the  trade  of  iron  moulder  under  Joseph 
Ridgway  & Co.,  with  whom  he  remained  for  eight  or  nine 
years.  He  subsequently  moved  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade  as  journeyman  for  two  years..  In  1846 
he  removed  to  Hamilton,  in  the  same  State,  and  in  com- 
pany with  Jacob  Ebbert  an  1 Elbridge  G.  Dyer  founded  the 
firm  of  Owens,  Eb!)eit  & D.er,  in  the  foundry  and  stove 
business.  After  a prosperous  peiiod  of  eight  years  the  firm, 
by  the  death  of  Jacob  Ebbert,  became  Owens,  Lane  & 
Dyer,  Clark  Lane  taking  the  place  of  the  deceased  partner. 
Contemporaneously  the  business  of  the  house  was  changed 
from  the  manufacture  of  stoves  to  the  making  of  agricul- 
tural machinery,  steam  engines  and  saw  mills.  At  the 
expiration  of  seventeen  years  of  successful  operation  the 
company  was  incorporated  under  the  style  and  title  of 
“The  Owens,  Lane  & Dyer  Machine  Company,’’  while 
eight  or  ten  new  partners  were  admitted  to  a share  in  the 
business.  At  the  present  time  he  acts  as  President  of  the 
company,  a position  for  which  he  is  eminently  qualifietl  by 
his  sterling  business  talents.  His  name  has  always  been 
prominently  identified  with  every  project  tending  to  in- 


crease the  material  prosperity  and  further  the  improvement 
of  the  city  and  county  of  which  he  is  a respected  and  an  in- 
fluential citizen,  and  his  purse  is  always  open  to  the  appeal 
of  charity  and  for  the  sustenance  of  the  various  city  enter- 
prises which  meet  with  his  approval  as  wdsely  conceived 
measures.  While  taking  an  active  interest  in  the  political 
movements  of  the  hour,  and  possessing  a powerful  influence 
on  affairs  in  his  community,  he  has  yet  never  permitted  his 
name  to  appear  as  the  candidate  for  any  office.  His  first 
entry  into  political  life  was  made  with  the  Whig  party, 
under  the  leadership  of  Henry  Clay.  On  the  dismember- 
ship  of  that  organization,  in  1858,  however,  he  W'eni,  w ith 
the  Silver  Gray  Whigs,  over  to  the  Democratic  party,  to 
which  he  has  since  given  his  support. 


ILSON,  PETER  L.,  retired  Farmer,  ex-Counfy 
Commissioner  and  ex-'l'reasurer  of  Brown  County, 
Ohio,  w'as  born  in  Rochdale,  Lancashire  county, 
England,  April  30th,  i£o6.  He  was  the  third 
child  of  William  H.  Wilson  and  Elizabeth  (Wild) 
Wilson.  His  father,  a native  of  Vorkshire,  Eng- 
land, wdio  W'as  for  many  years  engaged  in  manufacturing 
pursuits,  came  to  America  in  181S,  and  settled  in  Lewis 
township.  Brown  county,  Ohio.  At  the  expiration  of  a few 
months  he  moved  to  Washington,  Mason  county,  Kentucky, 
where  he  resided  for  about  twenty  years.  He  then  removed 
to  Missouri,  whence,  at  the  end  of  a year,  he  moved  to 
Indiana.  He  finally  returned  to  Ohio,  made  his  home  with 
his  son  for  some  time,  and  later  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where 
his  decease  occurred.  His  mother,  a native  of  Lancashire, 
England,'  came  with  her  family  to  the  United  States  a short 
time  after  her  husband,  who,  being  a manufacturer,  could 
not  leave  his  native  country  except  by  stealth.  His  early 
education  was  of  a very  limited  kind,  but  the  lack  of  pri- 
mary training  was  eventually  more  than  counterbalanced 
by  his  naturai  gifts  and  love  of  books.  His  first  occupation 
in  life  w'as  clerking  in  a dry-goods  store  at  Augusta, 
Bracken  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  w'as  employed  for 
about  two  years.  He  then  began  the  reading  of  medicine 
under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  Keith,  of  Augusta,  and  pursued 
his  studies  during  the  following  two  years.  Later,  he  left 
his  preceptor  and  remained  with  his  father  in  Washington, 
Mason  county,  Kentucky,  engaged  in  assisting  him  in  his 
manufactory.  Afterward  he  was  employed  in  a store  in 
the  same  place  to  sell  goods,  and  w'as  finally  sent  as  a sales- 
man to  dispose  of  stock  in  Georgetown,  Brown  county, 
Ohio.  This  mission  accomplished,  he  resolved  to  resume 
*liis  medical  studies,  and  jdaced  himself  accordingly  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Buckner,  of  Georgetown.  At  the 
expiration  of  one  year,  however,  he  decided  to  renounce 
entirely  the  profession  of  medicine,  and  in  1826  opened  a 
public  house,  and  was  constantly  engaged  in  this  business 
in  Georgetown  for  a period  of  twenty  years.  In  1840  he 


196 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 


was  appointed  County  Auditor,  and  fdled  that  office  from 
October  of  this  year  until  the  following  March.  During 
1835,  1836  and  1837  he  was  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  also 
during  the  later  years  of  1868,  1869,  1870,  1871,  1872  and 
1S73.  1847  he  moved  on  to  his  farm,  four  miles  distant 

from  Georgetown,  and  there  has  since  permanently  resided. 
While  pursuing  the  occupation  of  farmer  he  has  also  been 
constantly  identified  in  a measure  with  public  business  and 
aff.iirs,  and  for  several  years  past  has  filled  the  position  of 
principal  assistant  for  many  of  the  auditors  and  treasurers 
of  Brown  county.  In  1851,  or  thereabout,  he  was  ap- 
pointed County  Commissioner,  to  fill  the  balance  of  an  un- 
expired term,  and  in  1870  was  elected  to  this  office  to  serve 
the  full  term  of  three  years.  In  March,  1874,  he  was 
appointed  Treasurer  of  the  county,  to  again  occupy  the 
liosition  for  the  balance  of  an  unexpired  term.  He  has 
since  acted  as  assistant  for  the  County  Treasurer  and 
Auditor.  He  gives  his  support  to  the  Democratic  party, 
and  cast  his  first  vote  in  favor  of  General  Jackson.  P'or 
many  years  he  has  been  a prominent  Mason.  In  days  gone 
by,  his  and  the  Grant  family  having  at  one  time  lived  under 
the  same  roof,  he  often  held  in  his  arms  the  child  who  is 
now  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  often  recalls 
many  attendant  incidents  with  a proud  and  pleasant  smile. 
Although  now  in  his  seventieth  year  his  powers,  physical 
and  mental,  are  in  an  adniirabie  state  of  preservation,  while 
time  seems  to  have  but  mellowed  his  many  sterling  attri- 
butes. He  was  married  in  1826  to  Paulina  Woods,  who 
was  born  on  the  farm  on  which  stands  the  present  George- 
town. Her  father,  Allen  Woods,  an  early  pioneer  of  Brown 
county,  moved  from  Kentucky  to  Ohio,  having  emigrated 
to  the  former  State  from  Ireland,  his  native  country.  In 
1S18  he  laid  out  a part  of  Georgetown.  The  issue  of 
this  union  was  thirteen  children. 


EXTON,  JOSEPH  A.,  Lawyer  and  ex- Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  for  Greene  County,  Ohio,  was 
l)orn  in  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  A]nil  loth, 
1826.  His  parents,  also  natives  of  I'rederick 
county,  Virginia,  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1829,  and 
settled  in  Greene  county.  His  father,  Joseph 
Sexton,  was  a lawyer,  and  prior  to  his  removal  to  the  West 
had  represented  his  county  many  times  in  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia.  After  locating  himself  in  Ohio  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  engaged  also  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the 
common  schools  of  Greene  county,  but  his  education  was 
acquired  principally  at  a later  date,  and  to  him  may  be 
properly  applied  the  expression,  a self-taught  man.  In 
1848  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  William  Ellsberry,  one  of  the  pioneer  legal  prac- 
titioners of  southern  Ohio.  In  1850  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  at  once  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 


I 


Xenia,  where  he  has  since  permanently  resided,  engaged 
constantly  in  practice,  except  while  on  the  bench.  In 
1853-54-55  he  officiated  as  Mayor  of  Xenia,  and  iti  the  fall 
of  the  latter  year  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney,  having 
resigned  the  mayoralty;  and  in  January,  i860,  after  two 
successive  re-elections,  resigned  also  this  office.  In  April, 
1871,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  for 
Greene  County,  and  in  October,  1873,  re-elected  to 
that  position,  which  was  held  by  him  until  May  ist,  1875, 
when  a bill  passed  by  the  Legislature  took  effect  authoriz- 
ing the  election  of  two  additional  Common  Pleas  judges  for 
the'subdivision  including  Greene  county,  and  repealing  the 
act  which  had  created  the  Superior  Court.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  he  resumed  the  conduct  of  the  practice  in 
which  he  is  now  engaged.  In  politics,  he  was  a Whig 
until  the  dissolution  of  his  party,  when  he  espoused  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party,  to  rr  hich  he  has  since 
given  his  support.  He  was  married,  January  iith,  i860, 
to  Minerva  Scarfif,  of  Greene  county. 


^ EVORE,  DAVID  G.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Union 
township.  Brown  county,  Ohio,  March  31st, 
1808,  and  was  the  seventh  child  in  a family 
consisting  of  ten  children  whose  parents  were 
David  Devore  and  Alice  (Mann)  Devore.  His 
father,  a native  of  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, followed  through  life  agricultural  pursuits.  He 
moved  to  Kentucky  at  an  early  date,  and  settled  at  Ken- 
ton’s Station.  In  l8co  he  removed  to  Union  townshiji. 
Brown  county,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  until  his  demise. 
Many  of  his  ancestors  were  active  participants  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary struggle,  notably,  Nicholas  Devore,  his  paternal 
grandfather,  who  was  one  of  the  famous  Morgan  Riflemen 
and  an  actor  during  Crawford’s  defeat.  His  mother  was  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  and  a daughter  of  Christopher  Mann, 
a prominent  pioneer  of  Kentucky  and  Brown  county,  Ohio. 
Until  his  nineteenth  year  w'as  attained  he  worked  on  a 
farm  at  the  old  homestead,  on  Red  Oak  creek.  Union  town- 
ship, Brown  county.  During  those  years  he  received  a 
liberal  education  in  various  select  schools,  and  in  1827 
entered  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens.  There  he  dili- 
gently pursued  a course  of  classical  studies,  and  in  1S31 
graduated  with  the  first  honor  of  his  class.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Brown  county  and  began  the  reading  of  law 
under  the  supervision  of  Archibald  Liggett,  a prominent 
attorney  of  Ripley,  Ohio.  After  continuing  his  studies  with 
this  jireceptor  for  about  six  months  he  moved  to  George- 
town, where  he  resumed  his  reading  under  the  guidance 
of  Thom, as  L.  Hamer,  an  able  pioneer  attorney  of  Brown 
county.  In  1833  he  passed  the  required  examination  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Hon.  Thomas  Corwin  was  on 
that  occasion  one  of  the  examiners.  lantering  at  once  on 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession,  in  partnership  with 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENX’YCLOIVEDIA. 


197 


Thomas  L.  Hamer,  at  Georgetown,  he,  in  conjunction  with 
his  associate,  rapidly  secured  an  extensive  legal  practice. 
In  1833  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Brown 
County,  and  in  this  position  served  faithfully  for  two  years, 
Of  late  years,  in  connection  with  his  professional  duties,  he 
has  also  interested  himself  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  gen- 
eral speculations.  Politically,  he  is  a supporter  of  the 
Democratic  party,  and  cast  his  first  vote  in  favor  of  General 
Jackson.  Religiously,  he  is  a member  of  the  Qndstian 
Union  organization.  lie  has  always  been  a firm  friend  of 
the  temperance  cause,  and  has  never  connected  himself 
with  any  secret  societies.  lie  was  married  in  1837  to  Re. 
becca  Murray,  a native  of  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  and  the 
daughter  of  an  early  pioneer  of  that  county.  Eight  chil- 
dren have  been  the  products  of  this  union. 


Y HALLEN,  JAMES  R.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  July 
3d,  1834,  iu  Lexington,  Kentucky.  His  father. 
Rev.  James  Challen,  traces  his  ancestry  back 
through  a race  of  preachers  to  the  p’rench 
Huguenots,  His  maternal  relatives  are  mostly 
lawyers,  his  grandfather  being  David  Bradford, 
a captain  in  the  British  army  at  Braddock’s  defeat  and  a 
colonel  through  the  entire  Revolutionary  war.  His  gal- 
lantry and  patriotism  were  rewarded  by  a Congressional 
grant  of  fifteen  thousand  acres  of  land,  In  the  “Annals  of 
Penrfsylvania  ” his  name  appears  as  a lawyer,  a politician 
and  a soldier.  A county  was  named  in  his  honor.  He  was 
not  only  the  leading  counsel  of  the  farmers  and  distillers  in 
the  celebrated  whiskey  excise  cases,  but  became  their 
major-general  when  they  organized  the  famous  insurrection 
in  1792.  He  removed  to  Louisiana,  and,  although  a large 
slaveholder,  was  an  earnest  emancipationist,  which  prin- 
ciple was  early  instilled  into  his  grandson  ; for  it  is  recorded 
that  in  1848,  when  James  R.  Challen  was  but  fourteen 
years  old,  he  delivered  one  of  Wendell  Phillips’  orations  at 
the  anti-slavery  convention  at  Spring  Garden,  near  Cincin- 
nati. His  parents  had  removed  to  this  city  in  his  child- 
hood, his  father  being  the  first  pastor  of  the  First  Christian 
Church.  Here  he  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  Woodward  College,  when  Dr.  Ray  taught  the  mathe- 
matics. He  graduated  at  Bethany  College,  Virginia,  in 
1853.  Alexander  Campbell  was  then  in  full  prime  as  a 
teacher,  lecturer,  debater  and  divine.  At  this  college 
young  Challen,  still  in  his  teens,  established  and  edited 
The  Stylus,  a pioneer  college  journal  which  gave  evidence 
of  talent,  scholarship  and  good-fellowship.  After  making 
the  tour  of  the  continent  he  was  called  to  a professorship  in 
the  Somerset  Collegiate  Institute,  Pennsylvania,  in  his 
nineteenth  year,  and,  when  just  twenty-one,  to  the  chair  of 
the  English  Language  and  Literature  in  the  Northwestern 
Christian  University,  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  Here  he 
reviewed  not  only  the  dead  languages  of  the  colleges,  but 


studied  the  dead  Anglo-Saxon,  the  German  and  the 
F'rench.  He  not  only  lectured  in  the  class-room,  but  in 
the  forum  and  the  pulpit ; and  not  only  studied  but  prac- 
tised music,  gymnastics,  field  science  and  elocution.  In 
the  last  exercise  he  mentions  with  espeeial  gratitude  his  old 
trainer.  Professor  Kidd,  a name  famous  in  histrionic  art. 
With  all  these  studies  he  combined  law,  and  immediately 
after  graduating  from  the  Law  College  was  employed  to  try 
cases,  while  still  a professor.  As  might  be  expected,  he 
was  soon  devoted  to  this  most  exclusive  of  all  professions. 
He  declined  the  proffered  Presidency  of  the  Indiana  Uni- 
versity, at  Bloomington,  vacated  by  Hon.  William  Daly. 
In  the  winter  of  185S-59  he  opened  an  office  in  Cincinnali, 
where  he  has  been  ever  since  a zealous  and  successful  prac- 
titioner at  the  bar,  except  while  in  army  service.  When 
the  rebellion  broke  out,  in  April,  1861,  that  very  month  he 
was  chosen  captain  of  a company  of  over  one  hundred 
Union  men.  In  August  he  became  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  48th  Ohio,  and  in  September  went  into  command  at 
Camp  Hamilton  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  69th  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry.  Camp  life  being  distasteful  to  him,  he 
was  detailed  to  staff  duty  as  Judge-Advocate.  Upon  his 
return  home  he  at  once  entered  upon  a good  practice,  and 
has  continued  in  it  without  interruption.  He  has  never 
sought  and  never  held  public  office.  He  is  a hard  and 
continual  student  in  law,  literature  and  science;  his  library, 
liis  cabinet,  his  essays  and  lectures,  as  well  as  cases,  illus- 
trating his  zeal,  industry  and  wide  range  of  labors.  In 
science,  conchology  and  geology  receive  special  attention. 
Patent  cases  have  been  among  his  specialties ; and  in  many 
important  cases  he  has  used  scientific  facts  and  principles, 
evolved  in  the  field  and  laboratory,  to  incalculable  advan- 
tage to  his  clients.  In  no  sense  a politician,  he  has  always 
been  active  and  foremost  in  the  political  movements  of  his 
day.  He  stumped  the  State  of  Indiana  in  1S56  in  favor 
of  John  C.  F'remont  for  President,  and  Ohio  in  i860  for 
Abraham  Idncoln.  He  was  a delegate  to  the  National 
Liberal  Convention  of  1872,  and  vigorously  supported 
Charles  Francis  Adams  before  that  convention  as  candidate 
for  the  Presidency.  In  the  Greeley  campaign  he  was 
silent.  F'or  some  years  his  life  has  been  more  retired,  his 
labors  less  conspicuous  than  in  earlier  life,  though  equally 
useful,  especially  to  his  family,  friends  and  the  reading 
public;  for  he  is  a constant,  though  impersonal,  contributor 
not  only  to  monthlies  and  weeklies,  but  to  that  mightiest 
of  all  factors,  the  daily  press.  When  rest  from  the  ex- 
haustive labors  of  the  class-room  or  office  was  required, 
instead  of  seeking  it  in  idleness  at  some  fashionable  water- 
ing-place, it  has  been  his  constant  habit  to  rejiair  to  the 
.Mleghenies,  the  Rocky  mountains,  the  great  lakes,  or  the 
South,  and  there  explore  caves  and  canons,  mines,  cataracts 
and  other  objects  worthy  of  study  and  of  descri])tion,  and 
with  his  pen  and  pencil  portray  them  to  the  public.  In 
these  peripatetic  journeys  collections  of  specimens  valuable 
in  science  have  been  made,  forming  a large  and  very  com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 


19S 

plete  cabinet  of  shells,  minerals,  ores  and  cave  deposits. 
These  pursuits  have  been  to  him  an  accomplishment  as 
well  as  a recreation.  A valuable  contribution  to  science  as 
well  as  literature  would  be  the  reproduction  of  these  recol- 
lections of  a busy  and  well-spent  life,  and  dissertations 
upon  nature,  its  curiosities,  beauties  and  utilities,  compiled 
in  a volume  or  volumes.  But  Mr.  Challen  declines  to 
prepare  this,  insisting  that  the  age  demands  papers  and 
periodicals,  but  not  books. 


OGERS,  JOHN  G.,  M.  D.,  was  born  near  Cam- 
den, New  Jersey,  April  29th,  1797,  and  was  the 
second  child  in  a family  of  seven  children  whose 
parents  were  Levi  Rogers  and  Anna  (George) 
(9^7-^  Rogers.  His  father  was  a native  of  Maryland, 
and  in  early  life  an  itinerant  Methodist  preacher; 
be  married  Anna  George,  the  only  child  of  John  George 
and  .Sarah  George,  and  settled  in  New  Jersey;  relinquished 
the  itinerancy  of  Methodist  preacher  and  studied  medicine; 
attended  lectures  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  instructions  of 
Professors  Rush,  Shippen,  Wister,  Barton  and  others;  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  .State  of  New  Jersey, 
under  its  laws,  in  1798.  After  practising  his  profession 
several  years  with  brilliant  success  he  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1804,  and  settled  in  Williamsburg,  county  of  Clermont. 
In  iSlo  he  removed  to  Bethel,  in  the  same  county,  it  being 
a more  central  location.  He  was  an  ardent  and  laborious 
student,  widely  known  and  greatly  esteemed  for  his  intelli- 
gence and  skill  in  his  profession  ; he  served  one  term  in  the 
Senate  of  Ohio,  and  in  the  war  of  1812  was  Surgeon  of 
the  19th  Regiment  of  Infantry.  His  demise  occurred  in 
Bethel,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  April  4th,  1815,  in  the 
forty-seventh  year  of  his  age;  his  wife,  a native  of  New 
Jersey,  who  survived  him  many  years,  died  in  Batavia, 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  Octolier  13th,  1856.  He  wdiose 
name  stands  at  the  head  of  this  article  was  designed  at  an 
early  age  by  his  father  for  the  medical  profession ; after 
having  acquired  the  knowledge  usually  taught  in  the 
schools  of  that  day  he  was  placed  under  the  instructions  of 
his  father,  at  home  in  his  office,  where  he  received  most 
of  his  literary  education  and  where  the  deep  and  broad 
foundations  of  his  professional  life  were  laid  ; his  father 
having  a large  practice  in  a new  and  sparsely  settled 
country  was  of  necessity  much  from  home,  and  many  of 
the  duties  of  the  office  devolved  on  his  son,  who  in  boyhood 
acquired  great  de.xterity  in  extracting  teeth,  bleeding  and 
many  of  the  operations  in  minor  surgery,  as  well  as  dis- 
pensing medicine  in  the  absence  of  his  father,  who  died  in 
the  sixteenth  year  of  the  son’s  age.  After  this  bereavement 
he  applied  himself  closely  to  the  study  of  tnedicitie  for  two 
years,  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  William  Wayland,  who 
settled  in  this  county  soon  after  the  death  of  his  father. 
He  received  much  practical  and  clinical  instructions  from 


t 

Dr.  David  Morris,  in  studying  and  investigating  the  malari- 
ous diseases  of  that  region  while  residing  in  his  family,  in 
Lebanoti,  Warren  county,  Ohio.  After  studying  and  prac- 
tising two  years  longer,  under  the  care  atid  instruction  of 
Dr.  Zeno  Fenn,  an  eminent  physician  of  this  county  (Cler- 
mont), his  pupilage  terminated,  he  having  arrived  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one.  He  was  taught  with  much  care  by  his 
father  an  intimate  knowledge  of  anatomy,  and  was  con- 
sidered a good  anatomist  by  those  who  knew  him.  During 
his  long  and  varied  pupilage  he  acquired  an  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  and 
settled  in  New  Richmond,  June  nth,  1818,  Clermont 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  soon  became  an  extensive  and  suc- 
cessful practitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery.  In  1824  he 
was  appointed  by  the  State  Legislature,  with  others,  to 
organize  the  first  District  Medical  Society  of  Ohio,  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Hamilton  and  Clermont.  He 
continued  to  practise  medicine  with  great  success  up  to 
1825,  when  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  in  Cincinnati, 
was  fully  organized  by  the  appointment  of  Professors  More- 
head,  Cobb,  Whitman  and  Slack;  attended  lectures  and 
graduated  in  that  institution  in  March,  1826.  He  assisted 
in  organizing  the  Clermont  County  Medical  Society,  and 
became  a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society  in 
1853;  also  the  American  Medical  Association.  He  per- 
formed many  important  operations  in  surgery,  in  which  he 
was  remarkably  skilful  and  successful.  He  also  was  at  one 
time  physician  to  the  family  of  Jesse  R.  Grant,  and  offici- 
ated at  the  birth  of  his  son,  Ldysses  S.  Grant,  that  distin- 
gui.shed  general  and  statesman,  which  took  place  on  the 
27th  of  April,  1822,  and  twice  voted  for  his  elevation  to 
the  Presidency.  He  was  married,  October  19th,  1820,  to 
Julia  Morris,  daughter  of  Senator  Thomas  Morris,  of  Ohio, 
who  had  the  moral  courage  to  deliver  the  first  anti-slavery 
speech  in  Congress,  and  who  had  the  additional  honor  of 
being  denounced  by  Robert  Toombs  as  a man  who,  by  his 
anti-slavery  principles,  polluted  the  very  carpet  upon  which 
he  stood.  By  the  death  of  his  wife  he  was  left  with  five 
small  children,  four  daughters  and  one  son,  of  whom  but 
one,  a daughter,  now  survives.  The  son,  Levi  M.  Rogers, 
received  a medical  education,  jiractised  his  profession  in 
Cincinnati  more  than  twenty  years  and  died  in  the  fiftieth 
year  of  his  age.  His  second  marriage  occurred  November 
iqlh,  1833,  to  Sarah  Ann  Mollynejiux,  of  Scotch-Irish 
parentage,  born  in  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  a lady  of  piety 
and  culture.  In  politics,  he  was  a Democrat  of  the  Jackson 
school,  and  voted  twice  for  that  distinguished  statesman  ; 
but  in  more  recent  times  was  identified  with  the  Republican 
party,  although  never  holding  offiee,  but  in  all  public  move- 
ments endeavoring  to  advance  the  moral  and  educational 
interests  of  the  general  community.  In  years  gone  by  he 
gained  prominence  as  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  influ- 
ential and  unflinching  opponents  of  that  monstrous  anomaly, 
a slaveholding  republic,  and  has  lived  to  see  his  cherished 
anti-slavery  principles  carried  out  and  ado])ted  by  the  gov- 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOP.IiDIA. 


199 


ernment.  He  now,  being  in  his  sevcnly-ninth  year,  has 
retired  from  his  professional  labors  and  is  enjoying  a 
quiet  and  peaceful  old  age. 


HILSON,  HON.  JOHN  R.,  M.  D.,  Senator  from 
the  Eighth  District  of  Ohio,  embracing  the 
counties  of  Meigs,  Gallin,  Lawson  and  Vinton, 
was  horn  in  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  July 
7th,  1S19.  He  is  the  son  of  David  Philson  and 
Esther  (Smith)  Philson.  His  father,  who  was 
eng.iged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  moved  at  an  early  day  to 
P'rederick  county,  Maryland.  His  early  and  elementary 
education  was  acquired*  in  the  common  schools  of  Mary- 
land. In  1839  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  in  Racine, 
Meigs  county,  where  he  assumed  the  role  of  educator. 
AVhile  in  his  twenty-fifth  year  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  in  the  spring  of  1852  graduated  from  Starling 
Medical  College,  at  Columhus.  In  Racine  he  entered  on 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1861,  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  rebellion,  he  joined  the  United  States  forces  as  Surgeon 
of  the  4th  Regiment  of  West  Virginia  Volunteer  Infantry,  a 
body  raised  principally  in  the  Ohio  border  counties.  He 
served  efficiently  in  that  cap.acity  for  three  years,  and  was 
mustered  out  October  3d,  1864.  In  the  latter  part  of  this 
year  he  returned  to  his  civil  practice.  P'rom  1871  to  1873, 
while  still  continuing  his  professional  labors,  he  acted  as 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Riverside  Sait  Company. 
He  was  then  elected,  in  the  course  of  the  latter  year,  to  the 
Senate,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  having  been  nominated 
without  his  knowledge.  He  has  always  been  a supporter 
of  the  Whig  and  Republican  parties,  and  by  his  zealous 
and  well-directed  labors  has  contributed  importantly  to  the 
welfare  of  his  constituency  and  the  general  community. 
He  was  married,  March  4th,  1841,  to  Cynthia  Ridding,  of 
Meigs  county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children  ; 
of  these  three  are  now  living — two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
His  oldest  son,  Lewis  W.  Philson,  a graduate  of  Marietta 
College,  in  the  class  of  1865,  is  now  Professor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  East  Tennessee  University. 


'^OGHLAND,  BRICE  V.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  May  14th,  1819.  He  was 
the  second  child  in  a family  of  eight  children 
whose  parents  were  Jacob  C.  Hoghland  and 
Sallie  (Veirs)  Hoghland.  His  father,  a native 
of  New  York  city,  followed  through  life  the  oc- 
cupation of  fur-trading.  He  moved  to  Ohio  in  1815, 
settling  in  Steubenville,  whence,  in  1836,  he  removed  to 
Highland  county,  in  the  same  State.  In  1851  he  made  his 
home  in  Youngsville,  Adams  county,  and  there  resided 
until  his  demise,  in  1856.  His  mother,  a native  of  Brooke 


county,  Virginia,  died  in  the  same  place  in  1857.  P'rom 
the  age  of  seventeen  until  his  twenty-fourth  year  was 
reached  he  was  constantly  engaged  in  arduous  farm  labor. 
His  early  education  was  liberal,  and  was  received  partly  in 
New  York  city.  In  1843  he  went  into  the  grocery  business, 
and  was  engaged  in  it  at  Hillsborough,  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  for  about  two  years.  On  relinquishing  the  grocery 
business,  having  been  occupied  during  five  preceding  years 
in  pursuing  sedulously  a course  of  medical  study,  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Youngsville,  where  he 
remained  an  active  and  successful  practitioner  until  1857. 
During  the  season  of  1848-49  he  had  attended  a course  of 
lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  and  graduated  with 
honor  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  1849.  ’^53 

he  had  attended  a course  of  lectures  also  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in  New  York  city.  In  the  winter 
of  1857-58  he  attended  still  another  course  of  lectures  and 
study  at  this  famous  institution,  giving  prominence  in  his 
investigations  to  affections  and  diseases  of  the  heart  and 
lungs.  In  the  spring  of  1858  he  moved  to  North  Liberty, 
Adams  county,  and  there  continued  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine until  1865.  In  that  year  he  returned  to  Hillsborough, 
where  he  was  successfully  occupied  in  professional  labors 
until  1870,  the  date  of  his  arrival  in  West  Union,  Adams 
county,  where  he  has  sinceresided,  the  possessor  of  a large 
and  constantly  increasing  medical  business.  In  1863  he 
was  a candidate,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  for  the  Legis- 
lature. He  uniformly  adheres  to  Democratic  principles 
and  measures,  and  religious! y is  attached  to  the  doctrines 
and  service  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  married  in 
1859  to  Leah  PL  Johnston,  a native  of  Ross  county,  who 
died  in  1863.  He  was  again  married  in  1S74  to  Mary  J. 
McKeown,  a native  of  Adams  county,  Ohio. 


ARDLE,  SAMUEL,  D.  D.  S.,  was  born  in  Lei- 
cester, England,  in  1822,  and  came  to  America 
in  1832.  Pluring  the  succeeding  five  years  he 
worked  on  a farm.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  be- 
came a regularly  indentured  silversmith’s  appren- 
tice to  George  K.  Childs,  in  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania, but  served  only  two  years  and  six  months  of  his 
time.  Running  away  from  his  master  he  went  to  New 
York,  sjHirred  on  by  a determination  to  go  to  sea.  Upon 
presenting  himself  at  navy  head-tpiarters  he  was  surprised 
at  being  told  that  no  runaway  apprentices  from  Philadeliihia 
were  wanted.  Unshaken  in  his  purpose,  however,  he  soon 
made  satisfactory  arrangements  with  the  whaler  “ Wm.  C. 
Nye,”  commanded  by  Captain  Buddington.  On  the  same 
ship  and  voyage  was  Sidney  O.  Buddington,  who  was  sail- 
ing-master on  Dr.  Hall’s  Arctic  expeditions.  The  officers 
on  this  vessel  were  relatives,  and  were  known  collectively 
as  “ the  crew  of  cousins.”  The  voyage  lasted  twenty-two 
months.  The  “ Wm.  C.  Nye”  sailed  around  Cape  Horn 


200 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


and  made  for  the  Sea  of  Kamtschatka,  where  a great  cargo 
of  sperm  was  obtained.  Returning,  she  entered  the  harbor 
of  San  Erancisco  in  1843.  The  site  of  the  present  splendid 
city  of  the  Pacific  coast  was  then  dotted  here  and  there 
with  miserable  mud  huts.  On  this  trip  out  two  brothers, 
remembering  the  posthumous  glories  of  Alexander  Selkirk, 
concealed  themselves,  and  were  left  on  an  uninliabited 
place,  called  by  Captain  Buddington  Fanning’s  island. 
On  the  return  the  vessel  stopped  at  the  beautiful  island 
]uan  P'ernandez,  the  romantic  abode  of  “Robinson  Cru- 
soe.” The  stoppage  occurred  on  St.  Patrick’s  day,  1843, 
and  the  island  abounded  in  ripe  and  mellow  peaches. 
That  evening  he,  with  two  boat-loads  of  jolly  tars,  spent  on 
the  ground  hallowed  by  the  pen  of  the  famous  English 
writer.  He  finally  returned  with  his  ship  to  New  London, 
Connecticut,  and  thence  returned  to  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Being  then  in  his  twenty-second  year,  and  desirous 
of  embracing  a profession,  he  called  to  mind  an  old  ac- 
quaintance, Dr.  Elijah  N.  Neal,  with  wiiom  his  brother, 
Thomas  Wardle,  had  studied  dentistry.  Possessing  con- 
siderable mechanical  ability  he  was  kindly  received  by  the 
doctor,  for  whom  he  then  labored  temporarily  at  a salary 
of  fifty  cents  per  week.  During  the  ensuing  year,  although 
he  was  a skilful  metal  workman,  he  did  not  receive  at  any 
time  a higher  compensation  than  two  dollars  per  week. 
After  working  one  year  with  Dr.  Neal  and  one  year  with 
his  brother  he  opened  a laboratory  for  the  purpose  of  doing 
mechanical  work  for  other  dentists.  In  that  venture  he  en- 
countered great  and  unexpectedly  rich  success.  In  the 
course  of  the  first  year  he  opened  his  own  office  to  patients, 
while  continuing  his  separate  business  relations  with  his 
jn-ofessional  brethren.  He  was  thus  successfully  employed 
fur  about  seven  years.  In  1853,  having  determined  to 
leave  Philadelphia,  the  profession,  appreciating  his  mechani- 
cal skill  and  personal  characteristics,  deemed  it  fitting  to 
present  him  with  a gold  medal  as  “a  token  of  appreciation 
of  his  skill  in  mechanical  dentistry.”  The  medal  contains 
tire  names  of  fourteen  prominent  dentists.  He  then  settled 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  here  established  his  dental  fur- 
nishing house  and  the  manufacture  of  artificial  teeth,  at  256 
Walnut  street,  relinquishing  entirely  his  professional  labors. 
At  the  end  of  three  years,  however,  finding  Cincinnati  un- 
suited to  the  manufacture  of  teeth,  on  account  of  the  costli- 
ness of  materials,  he  was  compelled  to  fall  back  again  on 
his  profession  to  secure  a livelihood.  In  1859  he  received 
a diploma  from  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Dental  .Surgery. 
That  institution  was  then . the  second  dental  college  in 
America.  The  facilities  for  learning  the  mysteries  of  the 
dental  art  were  poor  in  those  days,  and  in  the  absence  of  a 
college  in  Philadelphia  L)r.  E.  Townsend  taught  gratis 
those  who  took  a pleasure  in  gathering  about  his  rooms. 
It  is  now  a conceded  and  an  established  fact  that  American 
dentists  are,  as  a rule,  far  superior  to  those  of  other  parts  of 
the  world.  Also,  few  practical  dentists  now  manufacture, 
or  can  manufacture,  the  teeth  used  by  them  in  their  own 


practice.  He,  on  the  contrary,  has  not  only  always  made 
the  teeth  required  in  his  own  practice,  but  also  those  in- 
tended for  peculiar  or  difficult  cases  taken  in  charge  by  his 
brethren.  At  his  office  the  whole  process  of  working  the 
crude  material  into  finished  and  beautiful  teeth  maybe  seen 
daily.  He  has  received  the  first  premium  on  artificial  teeth 
every  year  in  the  Cincinnati  Industrial  Exposition,  and  also 
the  first  premium  on  dentistry  on  the  single  occasion  when 
he  chose  to  enter  the  lists  as  a competitor.  He  received 
the  first  medal  for  artificial  teeth  from  the  Mechanics’  Insti- 
tute, at  Cincinnati,  and  the  first  medal  also  from  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture.  In  1851  he  received  a certificate 
and  a medal  at  the  World’s  Fair,  in  London,  England. 
He  has  also  received  premiums  from  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia and  Baltimore.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Dental  Association  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Association  of  Dental  Sur- 
geons. He  is  a member  of  the  Trinity  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  was  married  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1846,  to  Margaret  A.  Little,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  William 
Suddards,  of  Grace  Church,  Philadelphia,  Penn.sylvania. 


ifUDLOW’  JOHN,  Banker,  was  born  near  Spring- 
r,  /Ji|C  field,  Ohio,  December  8th,  1810,  being  the  son 
of  Cooper  and  Elizabeth  (Reeder)  Ludlow,  both 
of  whose  families  came  originally  from  the  State 
of  New  Jersey.  His  grandfather,  John  Ludlow, 
was  brother  to  Israel  Ludlow,  one  of  the  founders 
of  Cincinnati,  who  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1790  and  was  the 
first  sheriff  of  Hamilton  county.  His  maternal  grandfather, 
Jacob  Reeder,  also  emigrated  to  Ohio,  then  a part  of  the 
Northwestern  Territory,  about  the  year  1790,  and  settled  in 
Clarke  county  in  1804,  about  the  same  time  that  Cooper 
Ludlow  took  up  his  residence  near  Springfield.  Mr.  Lud- 
low was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
village,  and  when  sixteen  years  of  age  was  sent  to  Cincin- 
nati to  learn  the  drug  business.  In  1835  he  returned  to 
Springfield  and  established  himself  in  the  drug  trade,  in 
which  he  continued  nearly  thirty  years.  During  a period 
of  twelve  or  fifteen  years,  while  thus  engaged,  he  practised 
dentistry,  for  which  he  was  in  every  way  competent.  Upon 
the  organization  of  the  Springfield  Bank,  in  1851,  he  was 
chosen  one  of  its  directors,  and  on  December  iith,  1857, 
became  President  of  the  institution,  an  office  which  he  still 
holds.  In  1864,  under  the  operation  of  the  acts  of  Con- 
gress, the  institution  was  erected  into  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Springfield.  Mr.  Ludlow’s  career,  while  it  has  not 
been  an  exciting  or  varied  one,  has  been  exceedingly  busy 
and  useful.  He  has  been  closely  identified  with  the  growth 
and  commercial  prosperity  of  his  county,  and  has  given  re- 
peated evidence  of  his  public  spirit  in  advocating  and  sup- 
porting local  improvements.  Since  the  year  1842  he  has 
been  a communicant  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  has 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


201 


always  been  active  in  the  work  of  building  up  and  sustain- 
ing its  parish.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  has  been  the 
senior  warden  of  that  church,  and  is  one  of  its  most  influ- 
ential members.  In  all  Christian  work  he  has  been  fore- 
most. F'or  fourteen  years  he  was  Treasurer  of  the  Clarke 
County  Bilfle  Society,  and  has  organized  and  given  liberal 
aid  to  many  benevolent  movements.  Mr.  Ludlow  was 
originally  an  old-line  Whig,  but  upon  the  organization  of 
the  Republican  party  he  became  identified  with  it,  having 
always  been  an  anti-slavery  advocate.  He  has  kept  aloof 
from  political  life,  and  has  only  held  such  municipal  offices 
as  the  duty  of  a citizen  plainly  required.  .Some  time  since 
he  placed  in  the  Ohio  Historical  Society’s  library,  at  Cleve- 
land, many  interesting  records  of  the  pioneers  of  Clarke 
county,  which  he  had  preserved.  He  published  in  the 
Springfield  journals  a series  of  biographical  sketches, 
drawn  from  his  recollections  of  the  old  settlers,  which 
were  very  interesting.  He  was  married  on  August  31st, 
1S35,  to  Elmira,  daughter  of  General  Frederick  Gilman, 
of  Herkimer  county.  New  York.  They  have  had  three 
children,  Frederick  G.,  Charles  and  a daughter  named 
Ellen,  who  married  Asa  S.  Bushnell,  of  Springfield. 


I^YER,  ELBRIDGE  G.,  Manufacturer  and  Inven- 
tor, was  born  in  the  Slate  of  Maine,  November 
3d,  1815.  His  parents  were  Thomas  and  Hep- 
zibah  (Whitney)  Dyer.  After  receiving  an  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town 
he  was  apprenticed  at  the  age  of  si.\teen  to  the 
trade  of  machinist.  Soon  after  the  e.xpiration  of  his  ap- 
prenticeship he  came  to  Ohio,  settling  at  Columbus,  where 
for  seven  or  eight  years  he  followed  his  trade  as  a journey- 
man. About  1847  he  came  to  Hamilton,  and  in  connection 
with  two  other  machinists  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of 
agricultural  implements.  The  firm  was  then  Owens,  Eb- 
bert  & Dyer,  but  a few  years  later,  upon  the  death  of  Mr. 
Ebbert,  his  place  in  the  establishment  was  t.aken  by  Mr. 
Lane,  and  the  firm  launched  out  on  a scale  of  enterprise 
that  made  the  names  of  Owens,  Lane  & Dyer  familiar  in 
every  part  of  the  central  and  Southern  States.  From  the 
first  their  business  had  been  a success,  and  starting  as  they 
did,  with  scarcely  any  capital  beyond  their  skill,  its  history 
affords  a most  encouraging  example  to  young  mechanics 
ambitious  to  rise  above  the  sphere  of  journeymen.  Their 
attention  has  of  later  years  been  given  almost  exclusively  to 
the  manufacture  of  all  descriptions  of  portable  and  stationary 
engines,  and  their  business  has  swelled  to  such  proportions 
that  the  partnership  has  ch.anged  into  a joint  stock  com- 
pany, known  as  the  Owens  Lane  Dyer  Machine  Company, 
the  shares  of  which  are  held  by  a limited  number  of  indi- 
viduals. Mr.  Dyer  occupies  the  position  of  Vice-President 
of  the  company.  From  the  commencement  of  the  enter- 
pri.se  he  has  been  superintendent  of  construction,  and  is  the 
26 


inventor  and  patentee  of  numerous  improvements  on  agri- 
cultural machinery.  Though  a strict  man  of  business,  the 
accumulation  of  money  has  not  absorbed  more  than  its 
proper  share  of  Mr.  Dyer’s  interest.  He  has  found  time 
for  books  and  self-improvement,  and  is  the  owner  of  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  houses  in  Hamilton,  situated  on  a 
height  overlooking  the  Miami  river  and  the  city,  and  sur- 
rounded with  orchards  and  flower-gardens.  On  February 
i8th,  1845,  he  was  married,  at  Columbus,  to  Margaret, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  William  Terer,  a native  of  W’ales. 
They  have  had  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  living. 
One  daughter  and  one  son  died  in  infancy,  and  one  son, 
Rufus  M.,  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-one. 


URDY,  JAMES,  Attorney-at-Law  and  President 
of  the  Farmers’  National  Bank  of  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  was  born,  July  24th,  1793,  in  Hopewell, 
York  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  paternal  ances- 
tors emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1762, 
and  settled  in  Hopewell,  his  maternal  ancestors, 
coming  from  Scotland,  locating  in  the  same  place  about  the 
year  1750.  The  latter  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  that 
section  after  the  removal  of  the  Indians.  His  mother  came 
from  the  Wallace  family,  and  his  maternal  grandmother 
from  the  Hamilton  family.  Both  of  his  parents  claimed 
descent  from  the  Scotch  Covenanters,  and  both  died  as  they 
had  lived,  in  the  faith  and  communion  of  the  United  Pres, 
hyterian  Church.  His  father  in  1811  sold  his  property,  in 
the  shape  of  a farm  and  mills,  at  Hopewell,  and  moved  to 
Ontario  county.  New  York,  where  he  purchased  an  estate 
near  Canandaigua,  and  placed  it  under  excellent  cultiva- 
tion. It  was  in  the  academy  at  this  place  that  his  son 
James  received  his  rudiments  of  a classical  education, 
studied  with  care  and  application,  and  made  rapid  progress 
in  the  various  English  branches.  He  commenced  reading 
law  in  Canandaigua,  and  soon  fitted  himself  for  profes- 
sional duties.  In  1823  be  located  in  Mansfield,  Ohio, 
where  he  opened  an  office,  and  in  a short  time  gained  a 
respectable  standing  as  a practitioner  not  only  at  the  bar, 
but  in  Ibe  estimation  of  the  general  public.  Mansfield  was 
then  a new  town,  being  tbe  farthest  west  in  that  latitude  in 
the  State.  White  a resident  of  Canandaigua  the  Erie 
canal  was  surveyed,  and  a very  considerable  portion  of  it 
constructed.  The  subject  of  internal  State  improvements, 
of  which  it  was  one  of  the  chief,  was  then  a ripe  theme  for 
discussion.  He  was  a warm  advocate  of  all  projects  which 
were  of  practical  utility  and  which  promised  to  ably  con- 
serve tbe  material  Interests  of  the  great  body  of  citizenship, 
and  the  action  which  be  took  on  these  public  questions  in 
this  earlv  time  bad  its  marked  influence  in  bis  subsequent 
career.  Prior  to  bis  arrival  in  Mansfield  an  unsuccessful 
effort  had  been  made  to  establish  a paper  in  that  place.  At 
the  earnest  solicitations  of  a large  number  of  citizens  he 


202 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


undertook  to  publish  a journal,  and  purchased  a press. 
The  result  of  his  labors  was  the  publication  of  the  Alans- 
field  Gazette,  which  he  owned  and  edited,  with  an  excel- 
lent conception  of  the  duties  of  an  enterprising  journalist, 
for  a period  of  nine  years.  In  this  paper  he  .strongly  advo- 
cated local  as  well  as  State  improvements,  home  industry 
and  domestic  manufactures,  and  in  this  public  service  was 
rewarded  with  the  respect  of  all  classes.  He  became  influ- 
ential in  all  important  civil  proceedings,  and  his  voice,  as 
his  pen,  was  potential  in  the  consummation  of  projects  for 
the  development  of  local  as  well  as  State  resources.  Upon 
his  arrival  at  Mansfield,  in  1S23,  he  discovered  that  the 
produce  of  the  country  was  shipped  in  flat-boats  on  the 
Mohican,  and,  via  the  large  rivers,  sent  to  New  Orleans. 
He  shortly  after  procured  the  survey  of  a route  for  a canal 
up  the  Mohican  valley  and  into  a rich  agricultural  district, 
and  this  was  pai'tly  constructed  before  the  subject  of  rail- 
roads was  introduced.  His  object  was  to  open  a cheap  and 
easily  accessible  route  of  transportation  of  the  products  of 
that  section  of  the  State,  and  his  efforts  in  this  behalf  were 
generally  applauded.  In  1836  the  .State,  at  his  interven- 
tion, made  a survey  of  what  is  now  part  of  the  Pittsburgh  & 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  but  this  labor  proved  premature 
from  a number  of  circumstances.  The  importance  of  rail- 
road traffic  was  not  wholly  conceded,  because  the  people 
had  only  recently  been  called  to  notice  it.  Pittsburgh  had 
its  river  and  its  canal,  and  the  capitalists  and  business 
people  of  that  city  declined  an  active  participation  in  a 
railroading  scheme,  the  profits  of  which  by  very  many  were 
deemed  visionary  only.  The  public  mind  was  gradually 
educated  up  to  a true  comprehension  of  the  necessity  of 
railroad  transportation,  and  in  1848  the  leading  business 
men  of  Pittsburgh  issued  a notice  to  all  in  Ohio  interested 
in  the  matter  to  meet  in  convention  at  Massillon,  to  discuss 
the  measures  necessary  to  the  estaldishment  of  a line. 
This  convention  was  held,  and  Mr.  Purdy  was  delegated 
by  it  to  secure  a charter  from  the  Legislature,  then  holding 
its  sessions  .at  Columbus.  He  succeeded  in  his  mission, 
and,  under  the  provisions  of  the  charter  he  obtained,  a 
company  was  organized  and  the  Pittsburgh  & F<rrt  Wayne 
Railroad  constructed.  Meanwhile  another  charter  was 
secured,  and  mainly  through  his  instrumentality  a company 
was  organized  to  construct  the  Mansfield  & Sandusky  Rail- 
road, now  a part  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  He 
was  chosen  President  of  the  company,  and  in  this  position 
he  exhibited  great  energy  and  executive  ability,  and  ren- 
dered the  road  services  that  were  essential  to  its  future 
prosperity.  But  there  were  other  public  labors  awaiting  his 
attention,  and  one  of  these,  and  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
important,  was  suggested  by  the  necessities  of  his  own 
practice.  This  was  very  large,  extending  over  a circuit 
that  covered  a very  large  section  of  country.  He  had 
frequently  to  make  remittances  to  his  Eastern  clients, 
and  this  duty  became  one  of  some  difficulty  and  annoyance, 
as  there  was  no  banking  establishment  within  thirty  miles 


of  Mansfield.  In  1846  he  was  principally  cotjcerned  in 
securing  the  charter  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and  during 
the  existence  of  that  well-known  institution  under  that 
charter  he  was  a member  of  its  Board  of  Control.  In  1847, 
in  company  with  a few  friends,  he  procured  enough  of  this 
bank’s  stock  to  establish  a branch,  which,  upon  the  organi- 
zation of  its  stockholders,  became  known  as  the  Farmers’ 
Bank  of  Mansfield.  He  was  appointed  President  and  at- 
torney, and  held  those  offices  until  the  expiration  of  the 
charter  under  which  the  bank  was  erected.  Then  the  Far- 
mers’ National  Bank  of  Mansfield  was  organized  by  the 
stockholders  in  the  old  company,  and  Mr.  Purdy  was 
chosen  President,  and  in  that  capacity  still  conducts  the 
management  of  the  bank,  which  is  very  prosperous  and  in- 
fluential. His  relations  with  monetary  institutions  were, 
however,  more  extended.  He  established  a banking  house 
in  California,  which  had  a very  successful  career.  Since 
his  residence  in  Mansfield  Mr.  Purdy  has  been  an  eye- 
witness to  its  growth  from  a small  hamlet,  on  the  borders 
of  civilization,  to  a large  and  flourishing  city,  through  the 
energy  as  well  as  the  liberality  of  its  citizens.  It  has  be- 
come a railroad  centre,  and  the  concentration  of  traffic  from 
all  sections  of  the  State  within  its  limits  has  raised  it  high 
in  the  scale  of  commercial  importance.  With  some  few 
exceptions,  it  is  the  most  important  city  in  the  State.  Mr. 
Purdy  has  aided  largely  in  its  development.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  all  its  interests,  and  has  been 
one  of  the  readiest  supporters  of  all  measures  of  public 
policy,  and  especially  of  those  which  immediately  con- 
cerned the  growth  of  trade  and  the  consummation  of  public 
improvements.  In  1836  he  purchased  a tract  of  land  in 
Wood  county,  Ohio,  adjoining  the  Grand  Rapids  of  the 
Maumee  river,  and  an  island  in  the  rapids,  becoming  thus 
the  owner  of  three-fourths  of  the  water-power  at  that  point. 
Here  he  constructed  mills,  which  he  filled  with  the  best  ma- 
chinery obtainable  at  the  time.  The  result  was  very  speedily 
shown  in  the  building  of  a town  on  his  own  lands  and  the 
quick  development  of  the  surrounding  agricultural  district. 
In  1856  he  aided  in  organizing,  in'  Iowa,  the  Chicago,  Iowa 
& Nebraska  Railroad  Company,  and  was  appointed  its  Vice- 
President.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  location  and  con- 
struction of  the  road,  which  proved  a success.  He  was  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  Clinton  City,  on  that  road.  Along  the 
line  of  the  projected  road  he,  in  company  with  others,  pur- 
chased large  tracts  of  lands  and  laid  out  the  sites  of  what 
are  now  flourishing  towns,  Clinton  being  noticeable  among 
the  number.  This  town  is  located  on  the  Mississippi,  and 
according  to  the  census  of  1870  contained  8000  inhabitants, 
and  among  its  public  institutions  are  an  enterprising  paper 
and  a street  passenger  railway,  both  well  supported.  Mr. 
Purdy  has  been  a soldier,  and  a participant  in  three  wars. 
In  that  of  1812-15  he  served  in  the  army.  In  the  war  with 
Mexico  he  raised  four  companies  by  special  authority  from 
the  Governor  of  Ohio.  In  1861,  when  the  Governor,  on 
the  first  call,  sent  him  a despatch  asking  for  troops,  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOIVEDIA. 


20 


appeared  in  Columbus  within  forty-eight  hours  with  one 
hundred  men,  who  took  the  field.  He  was  prevented  from 
accompanying  them  by  physical  disability.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Commissioner  to  draft  the  militia,  and  ably  and 
readily  performed  his  duties.  He  recruited  men  under  a 
First  Lieutenant’s  commission,  with  which  he  was  furnished. 
Upon  the  close  of  the  war  compensation  was  tendered  him 
for  his  services  during  the  entire  period  of  its  continuance, 
but  he  declined  all  save  the  sum  of  his  actual  expenses  when 
called  from  his  home.  Mr.  Purdy’s  career  has  been  one  of 
varied  experiences,  but  of  continued  honor  and  usefulness. 
In  his  eighty-third  year  he  is  still  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profe.ssion  and  the  management  of  his  private  property, 
of  which  he  has  accumulated  a competence. 


3 


H^IMBLE,  REV.  JOSEPH  McDOWELL,  D.  D., 
was  born,  April  15th,  1S07,  in  Woodford  county, 
Kentucky,  and  is  a son  of  the  late  Allen  Trimble, 
formerly  Governor  of  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in 
the  village  school  of  Hillsborough,  the  county- 
seat  of  Highland  county,  Ohio,  and  the  place  of 
the  family  residence.  When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was  sent 
to  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1828,  and  was  shortly  after  admitted  to  the  Ohio  Con- 
ference of  the  Methodi.-,t  Episcopal  Church  as  a travelling 
minister,  contrary  to  the  wishes  of  his  father,  who  had  in- 
tended him  for  another  profession.  In  1827  he  was  con- 
verted and  connected  himself  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  he  felt  his  mission  to  be  in  the  ministry.  In 
1834  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Conference,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  for  the  unprecedented  period  of  thirty- 
one  years.  He  filled  the  same  office  during  two  sessions  of 
the  General  Conference.  In  1835  'ne  was  appointed  Pro- 
fe.ssor  of  Mathematics  in  Augusta  College,  Kentucky,  a 
position  which  he  accepted  and  filled  until  1840,  when  he 
resigned.  In  1864  he  was  elected  .Second  Assistant  Mis- 
sionary Secretary  for  the  West,  for  a period  of  four  years, 
and  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  this  office  he  visited 
the  Conferences  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Connecticut, 
Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Dela- 
ware, Penn.sylvania,  Maryland,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Michi- 
gan, Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa, 
Minnesota,  Wise  rnsin,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  besides  a 
very  large  number  of  the  prominent  congregations  of  the 
church,  where  his  services  were  solicited  in  furtherance  of 
the  interests  of  the  work  he  represented.  For  the  last  five 
years  he  has  served  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  as  Finan- 
cial .Xgent,  and  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Boar  d 
of  Trustees  of  that  institution  since  1852,  giving  lioth  time 
and  money  to  place  it  upon  a mor-e  permanent  basis.  In 
addition  to  the  varied  duties  alrxady  enumerated.  Dr. 
Trimble  tnavelled  three  circuits,  spent  thirteen  years  in 
stations  in  Zanesville,  Colirm’ms  and  Cincinnati ; was  Pre- 


siding Elder  in  the  Coluntbus,  Chillicothe,  East  Cincinnati, 
Zanesville,  Marietta  and  Lancaster  districts,  making  in  all 
forty-eight  appointments  which  he  has  received  from  the 
church  authorities,  every  one  of  which  has  been  filled  with 
signal  fidelity  and  success.  Dr.  Trimble  is  pr'obably  the 
most  widely-known  Methodi.st  minister  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
His  ministry  has  been  one  of  extraordinary  labors  in  the 
conver-sion  of  unbelievers,  and  of  extraordinary  success  in 
increasing  the  membership  of  the  church.  He  possesses  the 
elements  necessary  for  a life  of  distinguished  usefulness  and 
honor.  As  a speaker  he  is  fluent,  earnest  and  persuasive, 
having  a clear,  penetrating  voice,  under  excellent  control, 
and  a magnetic  influence  which  is  wonderfully  effective 
upon  his  audiences.  His  sermons  are  of  the  popular  type, 
which  avoid  abstruse  problems,  and  pr'esent  the  vital  truths 
of  the  gospel  with  such  glowing  power  that  the  heart  of  the 
listener  is  stirred  to  its  depths.  He  is  thoroughly  learned 
in  the  history,  polity  and  traditions  of  the  church  to  which 
he  is  allied.  He  is  esteemed  as  a safe  counsellor  by  the 
bishops,  presiding  elder's  and  ministers  of  the  church,  and 
his  views  and  suggestions  have  always  commanded  marked 
respect.  The  confidence  of  the  rninistr'y,  which  he  has  always 
enjoyed  in  the  fullest  degree,  may  be  attested  by  the  fact  that 
he  has  been  elected  to  nine  quadrennial  sessions  of  the  Gen- 
eral Confei'ence,  consecutively,  beginning  with  that  of  1844 
and  extending  to  that  of  1876.  For  seventeen  years  he  has 
served  on  its  General  Missionar-y  Committee,  which  disburses 
the  moneys  raised  by  the  church  for  the  support  of  missions. 
It  is  ver-y  doubtful  if  there  is  any  man  living  who  has  per- 
formed a gr'eater  amount  of  ministerial  labor,  or  who  has 
carried  into  his  work  more  enthusiasm  and  zeal  than  Dr. 
Trimble.  His  name  is  conspicuous  on  the  roll  of  the  church, 
and  he  certainly  is  entitled  to  the  admiration  and  affection 
which  the  membership  everywhere  have  for  him. 


OWN,  JO.SHUA  K.,  Auditor  of  Guernsey 
county,  Ohio,  w'as  born,  August  13th,  1839,  in 
Belmont  county,  of  the  same  .State.  His  parents 
emigrated  from  England  in  1830,  locating  first  in 
Pennsylvania  and  then  in  Ohio.  His  father  was 
by  trade  a carpenter,  and  was  in  only  moderate 
circumstances.  Joshua  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Irelmont  county,  studying  in  the  winter  and  w'orking  as 
a farmer  in  the  summer  seasons.  When  seventeen  years  of 
age  he  removed  to  Cambridge,  Guernsey  county,  and  for 
two  years  worked  with  his  father  in  flouring  milks'.  He 
then  read  law  w'ith  Judge  Evans  for  one  year,  and  in  1859, 
during  the  gold  fever,  went  to  Pike’s  Peak,  where  he  re- 
mained six  months  and  met  with  nothing  but  misfortune. 
He  then  studied  telegraphy,  and  became  a skilful  operator. 
.\s  such  he  was  employed  until  .September,  i86i,  when  he 
joined  the  15th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  as  First  Lieutenant. 
He  was  advanced  in  a short  time  to  the  office  of  Major  of 


204 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIC-EDI A. 


the  1721!  Ohio  National  Guards,  having  some  time  previously 
served  as  Captain  in  llie  15th  Ohio.  He  was  discharged  on 
account  of  failing  health,  and  in  1864,  upon  his  return  to 
Cambridge,  commenced  business  again  as  a telegraph  oper- 
ator and  agent  for  the  Adams  E.xpress  Company,  a position 
which  he  held  until  1869.  Being  then  appointed  Assessor 
of  Internal  Revenue,  he  served  with  ability  until  1871,  when 
he  became  Agent  for  the  Marietta,  Pittsburgh  & Cleveland 
Railroad  at  Cambridge,  and  held  that  agency  for  two  years. 
In  1873  ''S  elected  Auditor  of  Guernsey  county,  and 
in  1875  was  re-elected.  The  functions  of  this  responsible 
office  he  has  discharged  with  intelligence  and  fidelity,  and 
has  earned  the  respect  of  the  community  in  whose  midst  he 
resides.  On  November  22d,  1864,  he  was  married  to  Annie 
Tingle,  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  P.  Tingle,  who  is  still  living. 
Mr.  Brown  has  five  sons. 


ARIMORE,  P'RANK  C.,  Physician,  was  born  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  on  the  12th  of  April,  1846,  of 
parents  who  harl  come  to  Ohio  from  Virginia. 
When  he  was  four  years  of  age  his  parents  re- 
moved from  Columbus  to  Rapid  Eorge,  Ross 
county,  Ohio,  and  there  the  next  four  years  of  his 
life  were  passed.  He  commenced  attending  school  at 
Rapid  P'orge,  and  subsequently,  when  he  was  eight  years 
old,  he  went  to  Chillicothe,  and  there  attended  the  Union 
School.  After  two  years  spent  at  Chillicothe,  he  went  to 
Knox  county  to  live  with  an  uncle.  There  he  went  to  work 
upon  a farm,  and  continued  to  do  farm  work  in  the  summer 
and  to  go  to  school  in  the  winter  until  i86i.  When  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  broke  out  he  lost  but  little  time  in  enter- 
ing the  army.  He  went  into  service  as  a private  soldier  in 
the  20th  Regiment  (3hio  Volunteer  Infantry.  At  the  battle 
of  Shiloh,  on  the  7th  of  April,  1862,  he  was  wounded  by  a 
cannon  ball,  which  struck  him  on  the  left  knee  and  hands, 
inflicting  such  injuries  that  in  the  fall  of  1862  he  was  dis- 
charged from  the  service  on  account  of  disability.  Return- 
ing to  Ohio,  he  commenced  attending  the  High  School  at 
Utica.  He  continued  his  attendance  there  during  two 
sessions,  and  then,  after  leaving  there,  he  taught  a country 
school  for  a number  of  terms.  When  the  call  was  made  for 
troops  for  the  “ hundred-day  service,”  he  again  entered  the 
army,  going  as  Sergeant  in  the  I42d  Regiment  Ohio  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  Having  finished  his  military  service,  he  pre- 
pared to  enter  the  medical  profession.  His  predisposition 
to  this  profession  came  to  him  by  hereditary  tight,  his  ma- 
ternal grandfather.  Dr.  Joseph  Doddrige,  having  b:en  a 
celebrated  physician  in  West  Virginia.  On  the  19th  of 
March,  1865,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 
office  of  Drs.  Thompson  & Smith,  at  Mount  Vernon.  He 
read  with  these  gentlemen  until  the  winter  of  1866  and  1867, 
when  he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Michigan  for  a session  of  lectures.  In  April,  1867,  he 
resumed  office-study,  and  in  September  of  the  same  year  be- 


gan reading  with  Dr.  John  Russell.  He  remained  there 
until  1868,  and  then  he  entered  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  New  York,  and  there  attended  a course  of  lectures. 
He  graduated  and  received  his  diploma  in  March,  1869,  and 
in  the  following  June  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine at  Mount  Vernon.  He  continued  steadily  in  practice 
there  until  May,  1872,  when  he  departed  on  a trip  to  Europe. 
He  remained  abroad  for  thirteen  months,  and  during  that 
period  he  visited  the  principal  medical  schools  of  Europe. 
He  spent  six  months  in  Vienna,  receiving  private  instruction 
in  medicine  at  the  Vienna  University.  In  June,  1873,  he 
returned  to  Mount  Vernon,  and  there  resumed  his  practice 
as  physician  and  surgeon.  He  has  been  remarkably  suc- 
cessful in  his  practice,  and  has  secured  a patronage  exten- 
sive and  lucrative.  He  is  recognized  as  a leading  man  in 
his  profession,  and  a number  of  imiiortant  cases,  successfully 
treated,  are  identified  with  his  name.  The  only  successful 
operation  in  a case  of  cleft  palate,  performed  in  the  county, 
was  performed  by  him,  the  patient  being  a lady  of  that 
vicinity. 

-K  AMPBELL,  THOM.VS  C.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Monroe  county,  New  York,  April  27th,  1845. 
He  is  of  Scotch  extraction.  In  April,  1861,  he 

V_'  I ~ ' '■ 

(3 

& Stratton,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated 
in  1862.  He  then  spent  several  months  in  the  Military 
School  of  Colonel  Taggart,  in  the  same  city,  and  in  the  fall 
of  1863  presented  himself  to  General  Casey’s  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers as  an  applicant  for  a position  in  the  army.  He  was 
passed  as  a First  Lieutenant,  colored  troops.  He  declined 
the  appointment,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864  he  enlisted  at 
Syracuse,  New  York,  as  a private  in  Colonel  Van  Felton’s 
regiment.  New  York  Volunteers.  In  the  following  summer 
he  was  promoted  to  a Second  Lieutenancy,  and  subsequently 
to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant,  commanding  his  company. 
In  this  capacity  he  served  until  mustered  out  in  the  fall  of 
1865.  He  soon  after  this  moved  to  the  West,  and  on  April 
27th,  1866 — his  twenty-first  birthday — arrived  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  where  he  obtained  employment  as  a bookkeeper  in 
the  carriage  factory  of  John  Curtis.  While  thus  occupied 
he  commenced  the  study  of  law.  In  May,  1867,  he  became 
assistant  editor  of  The  Republic,  the  official  organ  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  published  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Becoming  editor  and  proprietor  of  this  journal  in  the  fall  of 
1867,  he  removed  its  head-quarters  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
continued  its  publication  until  his  office  was  entirely  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  in  February,  1869.  In  the  summer  of 
that  year  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Internal  Revenue  As- 
sessor for  the  .Second  District  of  Ohio,  and  during  his  occu- 
pancy of  this  office  pursued  his  law  studies,  graduated  in  the 
Cincinnati  Law  School,  and  in  April,  1870,  was  admitted 


enlisted  as  a volunteer  in  the  three  months’  ser- 
vice, and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlist- 
ment entered  the  Commercial  College  of  Bryant 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCL0P*L:DIA. 


205 


to  the  bar,  and  in  the  same  month  was  elected  to  the  City 
Council,  where  he  served  until  April,  1871,  the  date  of  his 
election  as  City  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  two  years.  In 
April,  1S73,  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position,  as  a Re- 
publican, although  at  that  election  the  Democratic  party 
swept  the  city.  In  the  ensuing  summer  he  visited  Europe 
on  professional  business.  His  name  was  brought  before  the 
Republican  Congressional  Convention  for  nomination  for 
Representative  of  the  Second  District  in  the  national  legis- 
lature in  1874,  but  he  was  defeated  by  Hon.  Job  E.  Steven- 
son by  a small  majority.  In  February,  1875,  received 
the  appointment,  by  the  Ohio  Legislature,  as  Attorney  for 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  bribery  investigations 
case,  and  in  the  performance  of  the  duties  of  the  position 
won  the  unqualified  indorsement  of  the  press  of  both  parties. 
He  retired  from  office  in  April,  1875,  and  resumed  the  pri- 
vate practice  of  his  profession  in  connection  wiih  M.  L. 
Buckwalter,  with  whom  he  had  formed  a copartnership, 
under  the  firm-style  of  Buckwalter  & Campbell,  in  1870. 
He  is  attorney  for  various  corporations,  and  is  identified 
with  important  local  enterprises. 


\ yfVjt' cLAUGH  LIX,  JAMES  W.,  Architect,  of  Cincin- 
I nati,  Ohio,  was  born  in  that  city,  November  ist, 
oi  l I ^834-  ^ Scotch-Irish  family,  whose  first 

ancestor  in  this  country  originally  settled  at  York, 
j Pennsylvania,  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century, 
and  afterwards  removed  to  Hagerstown,  Maryland. 
He  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  one  hundreil  and  four  years, 
and  his  wife  reached  the  equally  remarkable  age  of  one  hun- 
dred and  tw'O  years.  Their  descendants  in  Maryland,  and 
also  in  western  Pennsylvania,  where  they  are  still  more 
numerous,  have  been  noted  as  a hardy  and  long-lived  fam- 
ily. The  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  removed  from 
Sewickly,  Pennsylvania  (where  he  was  born),  to  Cincin- 
nati in  1818,  and,  after  a long  and  honorable  career  as  a 
merchant,  died  in  1874  at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years.  Our 
architect  w.as  educated  in  the  private  schools  of  his  native 
city,  and  in  1849  entered  the  office  of  James  K.  Wilson,  then 
a young  architect,  as  a student.  In  1855,  when  he  had 
scarcely  attained  his  majority,  Mr.  John  Shillito,  a former 
partner  of  his  father,  intrusted  him  with  the  designing  of 
the  plans  of  his  great  dry-goods  store  in  Cincinnati,  and  the 
Hon.  D.  K.  Esle  at  the  same  time  engaged  him  to  erect  a 
residence,  then  considered  the  finest  in  the  city,  and  even 
now  conspicuous  for  its  massive  front  among  the  later  erec- 
tions. In  1857  he  formed  a partnership  with  the  late  J.  R. 
Hamilton,  which  lasted  but  one  year.  In  1861  he  entered 
the  army  as  a Lieutenant  in  the  Infantry  Body  Guard  of 
General  Fremont,  and  was  afterwards  in  the  corps  of  Gen- 
eral Sigel.  On  the  disb.anding  of  the  organization,  he  be- 
came a special  artist  for  Frank  Leslie's  Illustrated  News- 
paper in  the  army  of  the  Southwest.  In  the  fall  of  1862  he 


resumed  his  professional  duties,  since  uninterrupted,  except 
during  a visit  to  Europe  in  1873.  Among  the  most  promi- 
nent of  his  w-orks  are  the  Public  Library  buildings  at  Cin- 
cinnati and  Northampton,  Massachusetts;  the  Masonic 
Temple,  Commercial  Building  and  Gas  Office  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  the  grand  suburban  residences  of  John  Shillito, 
William  Hooper  and  Hon.  William  S.  Groesbeck.  He  is, 
at  present  writing,  the  Architect  of  the  Johnston  Block  and 
the  buildings  of  the  Cincinnati  Zoological  Gardens,  w'hich, 
as  well  as  those  previously  mentioned,  attest  his  professional 
skill.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Cincinnati  Chapter 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  by  whom  he  w'as 
selected  as  one  of  its  representatives  for  this  work. 

ALLACE,  HENRY  IL,  County  Auditor  of  Butler 
Cl  I I County,  Ohio,  w’as  born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio, 
i Ijll  September  30th,  1824.  His  parents,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  were  reared  in  the  Cumberland 
V valley,  a short  distance  from  the  town  of  Cham- 

bersburg.  His  father,  who  was  a millwright  by 
trade,  came  to  Cincinnati  in  1806,  at  which  date  the  site  of 
the  present  Queen  City  was  occupied  by  a tranquil  village. 
In  1815  be  moved  to  Butler  county,  where  numerous  mills 
of  his  construction,  .still  standing,  testify  to  the  extent  and 
excellence  of  his  labors  in  past  years.  He  obtained  a fair 
education  in  the  public  schools  located  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
home,  and  supplemented  it  by  private  study.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  assumed  the  role  of  educator,  and  was  subse- 
quently engaged  in  teaching  for  a period  of  nearly  eight 
years.  In  1853  he  was  elected  Recorder  for  Butler  county, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  re-elected,  serving 
until  1859,  the  date  of  his  election  to  the  office  of  County 
Auditor.  In  1862,  at  the  close  of  his  term,  he  entered  the 
army,  with  the  commission  of  Captain  of  Company  C,  93d 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  the  course  of  the 
following  year,  however,  his  health  was  undermined  by  an 
attack  of  typhoid  fever,  which  compelled  him  eventually  to 
resign  his  commission  and  return  home.  After  the  re- 
establishment of  his  health,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits in  Hamilton,  Butler  county,  and  followed  them  until 
1874,  when  he  was  again  elected  to  the  County  Auditorshiji. 
Although  he  has  never  adhered  very  strictly  to  party  lines, 
but,  under  all  circumstances,  pursued  that  political  course 
which  candor  and  loyalty  to  the  public  interest  required,  he 
has  had  the  singular  felicity  to  retain  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  constituency  whose  suffrage  has  repeatedly 
elevated  him  to  positions  of  trust.  He  is  an  intelligent  ob- 
server of  passing  events  ; prom|)t  in  his  recognition  of  the 
strength  or  weakness  of  this  or  that  measure;  and  indefati- 
gable in  ende.avoring  to  crush  the  sway^of  corrujition,  and 
to  place  in  office  men  of  ability  and  spotless  integrity.  He 
was  married,  August  nth,  1857,  to  .Sarah  J.  Bacon,  of 
Butler  county,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children. 


2o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP-LDIA, 


ARTIN,  BENJAMIN  F.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on  the 
22d  of  June,  1819,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  may 
be  said  to  have  been  born  in  the  legal  profession, 
for  his  father,  although  a native  of  Pennsylvania, 
came  to  Columbus  in  1815,  shortly  thereafter  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace — sub- 
sequently Mayor  of  the  town.  County  Recorder  and  Asso- 
ciate Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas — and  was  the 
author  of  “ Martin’s  History  of  Franklin  County.”  Benja- 
min F.  received  his  early  education  mainly  at  the  common 
schools  of  Columbus.  After  leaving  school  he  was  ap- 
pointed City  Clerk  of  Columbus ; subsequently  Deputy  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  while  prosecuting  the 
duties  of  that  position  he  also  read  law  diligently  with  Judge 
Matthews.  He  finished  his  course  of  reading  in  1847,  and 
in  November  of  that  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  partnership 
with  Lorenzo  English,  which  partnership  continued  for 
nearly  twelve  years.  In  the  fall  of  1850  Mr.  Martin  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Franklin  county,  and  re- 
elected in  1852.  He  continued  the  practice  of  the  law  until 
August,  1865,  when  he  was  by  President  Johnson  appointed 
to  the  office  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Seventh 
District  of  Ohio,  which  office  he  held  until  1869,  when  he 
was  removed  by  President  Grant.  The  various  public  duties 
and  trusts  committed  to  his  charge  were  faithfully  and  hon- 
estly performed  and  executed.  Mr.  Martin  has  dealt  largely 
in  real  estate  in  and  about  his  native  city,  and  his  many 
“additions  to  Columbus”  bear  evidence  of  that  fact.  He 
won,  by  industry  and  application  to  business,  a very  high 
reputation  at  the  bar,  but  he  has  notv  virtually  retired  from 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession.  Fie  was  married  in 
J843  to  Amanda  A.  Ogden. 


i 


cGREW,  HENRY,  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Mont- 
gomery, Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  on  December 
23d,  1844.  His  father,  Andrew  McCrew,  was  a 
native  of  North  Ireland.  About  the  year  1835 
he  emigrated  to  America,  and  engaged  in  labor 
for  a short  time  at  Buffalo,  New  York.  Remov- 
ing to  Ohio,  he  resided  a while  at  Reading,  Hamilton  county, 
after  which  he  came  to  Montgomery  and  became  employed 
as  a carpenter;  locating  permanently  in  this  place,  he  pur- 
chased a very  handsome  farm,  on  which  he  now  resides. 
He  married,  early  in  life,  Henrietta  Crain,  a native  of  Syca- 
more township,  daughter  of  Oliver  Crain,  who  removed  from 
New  Jersey  to  Hamilton  county,  becoming  one  of  the  most 
prominent  of  its  early  settlers.  Of  a family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, Henry  is  the  fifth.  His  early  education  was  received 
at  the  public  schools.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was 
apprenticed  to  a blacksmith  at  Sharon,  and  for  a period  of 
three  years  and  a half  applied  himself  diligently  to  the  learn- 
ing of  that  trade.  Having  a desire  to  obtain  a more  thorough 
education,  he  entered  the  Normal  College,  at  Lebanon,  Ohio, 


where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then  obtaining  a school 
he  taught  for  about  the  same  length  of  time.  Ffuring  the 
year  1868  he  attended  the  Cincinnati  Eclectic  Medical  Col- 
lege, after  which  he  taught  school,  and  at  the  end  of  one  year 
re-entered  the  college,  from  which  he  graduated  with  high 
honors.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  with  Dr. 
Wesley  Smizer,  of  Sharonville,  and  in  nine  months  entered 
the  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  after 
five  months  of  diligent  application  he  graduated  from  there 
in  F'ebruary  of  1874.  Ambitious  to  excel  in  the  knowledge 
of  his  profession,  he  pursued  a course  of  reading  at  the  Pulte 
Medical  College  (Homoeopathic)  of  Cincinnati,  receiving  a 
diploma  from  that  institution  in  the  beginning  of  1875, 
in  March  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  Physician  to  the 
County  Infirmary.  With  unceasing  energy  and  perseverance 
he  had  succeeded  in  carrying  on  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Sharonville.  Politically,  the  doctor  is  a Democrat.  Dur- 
ing six  months  of  the  year  1865  he  served  in  the  138th  Regi- 
Vnent  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  is  not  a member  of 
any  particular  religious  denomination,  but  is  pure  and  up- 
right in  character,  unaffected  in  manner,  and  a man  whose 
social  qualities  are  extremely  agreeable. 


RX,  GUIDO,  Merchant,  Mayor  of  Toledo,  Ohio, 
was  born  at  Carlsruhe,  Baden,  Germany,  June 
28th,  1827.  His  father,  D.  R.  Marx,  was  engaged 
as  a bookseller  and  publisher  in  both  Carlsruhe 
and  Baden.  His  earlier  days,  from  his  sixth  to 
his  twelfth  year,  were  passed  in  the  lyceum  at 
Carlsruhe.  During  the  following  two  years  he  was  a student 
in  the  Baden-Baden  High  School.  He  was  then  engaged 
for  three  years  as  an  apprentice  to  the  book  and  printing 
trade  in  Brunswick,  Germany.  Afterward,  until  his  nine- 
teenth year  was  attained,  he  was  employed  in  assisting  his 
father  in  his  business,  partly  at  home  and  partly  in  Paris, 
France,  and  elsewhere.  Becoming  interested  in  the  revo- 
lutionary movements  of  1848-1849,  he  left  Germany  at  the 
period  of  their  adverse  termination,  and  abandoned  his  native 
country  for  the  United  Stales.  On  his  arrival  here,  October 
1st,  1849,  he  purchased  forty  acres  of  government  land  in 
Wood  county,  Ohio,  and  found  occupation  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  the  spring  of  1851  he  moved  to  Toledo,  in  the 
same  State,  and  there  engaged  in  the  grocery  business.  In 
1861  he  associated  himself  in  partnership  with  R.  Brand, 
whose  decease  occurred  in  1865.  At  this  date  he  became 
senior  partner  in  the  firm  of  R.  Brand  & Co.,  wholesale 
dealers  and  importers  of  wines  and  liquors.  He  subse- 
quently made  several  trips  to  Europe,  for  direct  purchases, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  securing  desirable  business  relations 
and  connections.  In  conjunction  with  his  brothers,  Emil 
Marx  and  Joseph  E.  Marx,  he  founded  the  first  Free-soil 
German  paper  in  northwestern  Ohio,  the  Ohio  Slants  Zeitung, 
now  the  Daily  and  IVoeh/y  Express — a Republican  organ 


! 


6 


■ 


1 


'u  . 
<■ 


:.  v i 


Co. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 


207 


from  the  date  of  its  establishment  down  to  the  present  time. 
During  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  by  appointment  of  the  gov- 
ernor, he  was  occupied  as  a member  of  the  County  Military 
Committee.  He  was  also  for  a number  of  years  a member 
of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Public  Schools,  and  in  1871-72 
served  as  a member  of  the  City  Council  from  the  Fourth  Ward. 
In  1872-75  he  was  a member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Ohio  (LX.  and  LXI.)  In  the  spring  of  1875  he  was  elected 
on  the  Republican  ticket  Mayor  of  Toledo.  The  story  of  his 
career,  both  as  a man  of  business  and  as  a public  functionary 
and  official,  has  in  it  no  element  of  baseness  or  disloyalty; 
his  record  is  wholly  honorable.  He  was  married  in  Febru- 
ary, 1853,  to  Elizabeth  Brehm,  liy  whom  he  has  had  eleven 
children,  of  whom  nine  are  noiv  living. 


ER.SHISER,  WILLIAM  A.,  Contractor,  Builder 
and  Lumber  Merchant,  was  born  in  Bedford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  February  i8th,  1823.  His 
parents,  Henry  Hershiser  and  Maria  (Barbara 
Kegg)  Hershiser,  belonged  to  the  class  of  thrifty 
people  known  as  Pennsylvania  Germans.  He  j 
lived  on  the  farm  until  his  tenth  year  was  reached,  when  he 
moved  with  the  family  to  .Seneca  county,  Ohio.  There,  j 
until  1838,  he  remained  at  his  home,  engaged  in  assisting 
his  father  on  the  farm,  and  in  attending  the  public  school. 
He  was  then  placed  to  learn  the  bricklaying  business,  at 
which  he  subsequently  worked  for  about  four  years.  In 
1842  he  became  'disabled,  and  consequently  returned  to 
school,  and  afterward,  until  1845,  alternately  employed  | 
in  studying  and  teaching.  During  this  year,  he  moved  to 
Tiffin,  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  and  took  a position  as  Clerk  in  I 
a dry-goods  store.  There  he  remained  until  December  ist,  j 
1855,  at  which  date  he  received  the  appointment  of  Chief  | 
Clerk  in  the  State  Treasury  Office  at  Columbus,  under  Wil- 
liam H.  Gibson.  That  position  he  retained,  under  different 
treasurers  elected  from  time  to  time,  until  January,  1873.  | 
Then,  having  engaged  in  1863  with  R.  B.  Adams,  in  the  I 
lumber  business,  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  give  to  its  j 
conduct  his  undivided  attention.  Eventually  the  relations 
of  this  business  assuming  large  and  successful  proportions,  ! 
it  w.as  extended  so  as  to  include  contracting  and  building. 
The  firm  as  now  existing  is  known  under  the  style  of  Her- 
shiser & Gibson,  and  has  an  extended  and  favorable  reputa- 
tion as  a reliable  and  enterprising  house.  He  was  for 
■twelve  years  a prominent  member  of  the  First  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  in  1871,  in  connec- 
tion with  others,  organized  the  High  .Street  Congregational 
Church.  To  the  support  of  this  church,  and  to  the  relief  of  | 
the  poor  in  various  guises,  he  gives  a large  portion  of  his  | 
means.  Having  started  in  life  without  capital  or  influential 
friends,  he  owes  his  success  to  his  own  Unaided  energy  and 
ability,  and  now  deservedly  enjoys  the  fruits  of  his  industry 


I and  tireless  efforts  in  his  beautiful  home  located  in  the  sub- 
I urbs  of  Columbus.  He  was  married  in  1848  to  Lydia  A. 
1 Snyder,  of  Tiffin,  Ohio. 

SHBURN,  THOMAS  QUIN,  Attorney-at-Law, 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court  of  the  First 
Subdivision  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  Ohio, 
was  born  at  East  Walnut  Hills,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  February  9th,  1820.  He  was  the  oldest 
child  in  a family  of  seven  children  whose  parents 
were  Richard  Ashburn  and  Mary  (Williams)  Ashburn. 
His  father,  a native  of  Lancashire,  England,  came  to  Amer- 
ica when  but  nine  years  of  age  in  company  with  his  father’s 
family.  At  the  termination  of  the  voyage,  during  which  his 
mother  had  died,  he  moved  with  his  people  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  about  the  year  1797.  He  has  followed  through  life, 
at  the  outset,  the  trade  of  brick-mason,  and  at  a later  period 
agricultural  pursuits.  His  grandfather  settled  in  New  Rich- 
mond, Clermont  county,  Ohio,  at  a later  date  than  1797, 
and  there  laid  out  the  town  of  .Susanna,  thus  named  in 
honor  of  his  wife,  and  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of 
New  Richmond.  He  resided  there  until  his  demise.  His 
mother,  a native  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  was  a daughter 
of  Thomas  Williams,  an  early  settler  of  this  section  of  the 
State.  His  boyhood  was  passed  in  laboring  on  the  paternal 
farm,  while  his  early  education,  up  to  the  age  of  eighteen, 
was  limited  in  degree  and  kind.  He  was  about  this  time 
afflicted  so  severely  by  rheumatism,  that  for  two  years  he 
vyas  entirely  incapacitated  for  manual  labor,  and  conse- 
quently turned  his  attention  toward  increasing  his  store  of 
learning.  In  1838  he  entered  Miami  University,  and  there 
]uirsued  a course  of  study  for  about  eighteen  months.  In 
1839  he  temporarily  adopted  the  vocation  of  educator  in  a 
school  at  New  Richmond,  Clermont  county,  where  he  taught 
during  two  winters,  occupying  his  leisure  time  through 
the  summer  by  farming  labors.  In  1841  he  became  an  in- 
mate of  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  remained  for  three  terms,  completing  half  the  junior 
year.  He  then  returned  to  Clermont  county,  and  again  en- 
gaged in  teaching  school  for  two  terms,  at  a salary  of  twelve 
dollars  per  month.  While  thus  employed  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law,  under  the  guidance  of  Shields  & Howard, 
prominent  attorneys  of  Batavia,  and  eventually  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  In  May,  1846,  he  removed  to  Batavia, 
and  entered  upon  the  career  which  has  since  been  uniformly 
attended  with  fair  success.  From  1848  to  1852  he  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Clermont  county,  having  been  twice 
elected  to  fill  this  important  office,  and  in  1855  was  a can- 
didate for  the  Legislature,  but  on  account  of  the  “ Know- 
Nothing”  opposition  failed  to  secure  an  election.  In  the 
fall  of  1861  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Common  Picas 
Court  of  the  First  Subdivision  of  the  P'ifth  Judicial  District 
of  Ohio,  and  has  since  filled  this  office  continuously.  In 
1875  ^ candidate  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  Judge 


2o8 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


of  the  Supreme  Court,  but  was  defeated  through  the  minor- 
ity of  his  party.  He  is  in  the  vigor  of  life  mentally  and 
physically,  of  studious,  industrious  habits.  He  investigates 
with  care,  arriving  at  his  conclusions  with  a commendable 
degree  of  accuracy.  In  manners  modest  and  retiring,  with 
sufficient  executive  ability  and  administrative  force  to  do 
that  which  his  judgment  tells  him  is  right,  he  is  endowed 
with  a firm  will,  yet  so  tempered  with  justice  as  to  yield 
ready  attention  to  the  demands  of  right  and  the  opinions  of 
others.  If,  by  inadvertence  or  otherwise,  he  should  happen 
to  injure  another  or  wound  his  feelings,  a sense  of  justice 
prompts  him  to  seek  the  first  opportunity  to  make  reparation. 
He  loves  his  profession,  finding  its  principles  and  precepts 
not  only  honorable  in  themselves,  but  calculated  to  ennoble 
the  man  by  teaching  him  a delicate  sense  of  conscious  honor 
in  thought  and  action.  His  career  at  the  bar  as  a practi- 
tioner w’as  attended  with  success,  and  as  Common  Pleas 
Judge  has  given  fair  satisfaction  to  the  bar  and  the  people. 
An  independent  actor  in  the  world’s  life-battle,  he  believes 
in  that  democracy  w'hich  teaches  that  one  man,  however 
humble  his  station  in  life,  is  just  as  good  as  the  most  ex- 
alted in  station,  whilst  he  acts  honorably  and  to  the  best  of 
his  judgment  his  part.  He  does  not  belong  to  any  man  or 
church,  but  religiously  is  in  sympathy  with  the  Methodist 
Church.  In  the  righteousness  of  God’s  providences  he’  has 
unquestioning  failh.  \Yhilst  his  life  has  been  checkered  by 
many  and  great  sorrows,  he  acts  in  the  belief  that  a God  of 
infinite  love  has  sent  them  to  him  in  infinite  mercy.  Politi- 
cally his  view's  harmonize  with  the  principles  and  measures 
of  the  Democratic  party,  and  his  first  vote  for  President  was 
cast  for  James  K.  Polk.  He  has  always  been  an  unflinch- 
ing Democrat  of  the  Jackson  school,  and  to  all  movements 
based  on  his  political  creed  he  has  given  his  ardent  and  un- 
qualified support.  Whilst  in  the  discharge  of  his  official 
judicial  duties,  his  conduct  and  judgments  have  been  free 
from  political  bias.  He  was  married  December  3d,  1846, 
to  Sarah  W.  Penn,  a native  of  Clermont  county,  w'ho  died 
November  30th,  1854,  leaving  four  children,  two  of  whom 
are  living;  the  oldest,  A.  W.  Ashburn,  is  a practising 
physician  now’  in  Batavia.  He  was  again  married  March 
27th,  1856,  to  Mary  Ellen  Griffith,  also  a native  of  Clermont 
county,  by  whom  he  has  two  children  living.  His  term  of 
office  will  expire  in  February,  1S77,  at  which  time  he  expects 
to  resume  the  practice  of  the  law'. 


ULLEN,  HON.  THOMAS  J,,  Attorney-at-I.aw’, 
was  born  in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary 24th,  1824.  He  w'as  the  eighth  child  in  a 
family  of  nine  children,  w’hose  parents  were  James 
Mullen  and  Catherine  (Dougherty)  Mullen.  His 
father,  a native  of  Virginia,  follpw'ed  through  life 
the  occupations  of  shoemaker  and  farmer.  He  settled  in 
Ohio,  on  a farm  in  Clermont  county,  at  an  early  day.  He 


W'as  an  active  participant  in  the  w'ar  of  1812.  His  mother, 
also  a native  of  Virginia,  died  in  1845.  His  grandfather 
on  the  paternal  side  took  part  in  the  struggles  of  the  patriots 
of  the  Revolution.  Until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  his 
days  were  passed  alternately  in  attending  school  during  the 
winter  months,  and  in  laboring  on  the  farm  in  the  summer 
seasons.  He  then  began  the  learning  of  the  shoemaker’s 
trade  at  Felicity,  Clermont  county,  and  w'as  engaged  in  this 
employment  for  about  two  years.  The  succeeding  two 
years  w’ere  spent  at  the  High  School  in  Felicity.  In  1846 
he  assumed  the  role  of  educator  at  Pekin,  Clermont  county, 
and  taught  school  for  a period  of  six  months.  During  sev- 
eral preceding  years,  his  father  had  been  a resident  of 
P'elicity,  but  removed  finally  to  Georgetown,  and  to  that 
place  he  accompanied  the  family.  In  1846  he  entered  the 
law  office  of  Thomas  L.  Hamer  and  Sanders  W.  Johnson, 
of  the  last  named  town,  but  remained  there  for  only  a brief 
period.  He  aftcrw'ard  made  two  trips  on  flatboats  to  the 
South,  which  were  rendered  necessary  by  the  precarious 
condition  of  his  health.  In  1S48  he  returned  to  George- 
town, and  resumed  the  study  of  law’.  In  1851  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. In  1852  he  was  a candidate  for  the  position  of 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  but  failed  to  secure  an  election.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Georgetown, 
and  in  the  ensuing  fall  removed  to  West  Union,  Adams 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  control 
of  an  extensive  legal  practice.  P’or  a number  of  years  he 
was  School  Examiner  of  Adams  county,  and  for  four  years 
acted  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  this  place.  Ho  is  at- 
tached to  the  Democratic  party,  and  was  a member  of  the 
.State  Constitutional  Convention,  which  met  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  in  1873.  The  Christian  Union  Church  contains  for 
him  the  desirable  doctrines  and  service.  Essentially  a self- 
made  man,  his  success  in  life  has  been  brought  about  by  his 
untiring  energy,  and  a rule  of  conduct  based  upon  unvarying 
integrity  and  persistent  industry.  He  w’as  married  in  1851 
to  Sydney  A.  Scott,  a native  of  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  by 
whom  he  has  had  six  children. 


INC,  HON.  GEORGE  W.,  I-awyer,  was  born  near 
Gettysburg,  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  October 
15th,  1797.  He  W’as  the  sixth  child  in  a family 
of  ten  children,  whose  parents  w'ere  Hugh  King 
and  Abigail  (V’oorhees)  King.  His  father,  a na- 
tive of  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  followed 
through  life  agricultural  pursuits,  and  was  an  active  partici- 
pant in  the  revolutionary  w'ar  from  its  initiation  to  its  termi- 
nation. He  W’as  a commissioned  ensign  in  the  Continental 
service,  and  at  one  time  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  British, 
and  kept  in  confinement  for  about  four  years.  Upon  his  re- 
lease, at  the  close  of  the  conflict,  he  returned  to  Adams 
county,  Pennsylvania,  anrl  there  resided  on  his  farm  until 


nLf 


4 , 


f:.  : 

Vr.  . 


jf  \ 


t 


•*  - • Jfc. 

*•  V 


i 


»* 

,‘^' 


1* 


I 


>>>  .r 


Q«i<ury 


LIOGRAPIIICAL  EA'CVCLOr.EDIA. 


209 


his  decease,  which  occurred  in  iSlo.  Ilis  mother,  a native 
of  Long  Island,  New  York,  formed  the  acquaintance  of  ^ 
Ensign  King  while  he  was  a prisoner,  was  married  to  him 
on  his  release,  and  accompanied  him  to  his  home  in  Adams  ‘ 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  she  lived  until  her  demise  in 
1805.  Until  his  thirteenth  year  was  reached  he  worked  on 
a farm,  attending  through  the  winter  months  a neighboring 
countiy  school.  In  1810  he  entered  an  educational  institution 
in  Gettysburg,  and  there  pursued  a course  of  classical  studies 
for  about  three  years.  Later  he  attended  Dickinson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  for  about  eighteen  months.  He  then  turned 
his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  and  for  three  years  applied 
himself  to  his  legal  text-books  in  Gettysburg.  After  passing 
the  requisite  examination,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
November,  1817,  and  in  the  following  December  moved  to 
Ripley,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  during  the 
ensuing  twelve  years,  actively  engaged  in  the  control  of  an 
extensive  legal  practice.  The  first  court  of  Brown  county, 
after  its  organization  in  1818,  was  held  March  3d  in  the 
same  year,  and  he  was  then  appointed  the  first  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  county  by  Judge  Joshua  Collett,  and  the 
three  Associate  Judges,  William  Anderson,  James  Moore, 
and  Joseph  N.  Campbell.  He  discharged  with  ability  the  ^ 
duties  of  this  office  for  five  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  I 
time  he  was,  through  pecuniary  considerations,  induced  to  I 
resign  it,  declining  to  serve  the  remaining  two  years  of  his 
appointed  term.  In  1831  he  selected  Georgetown,  Brown 
county,  as  his  field  of  professional  labor,  and  has  since  re- 
sided there  uninterruptedly,  constantly  busied  in  the  man- 
agement of  a large  business.  In  1832  he  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  and  Common  Pleas  Courts.  The  ap- 
pointment was  for  seven  years,  but  he  served  in  all  eight 
years  before  a successor  was  appointed.  He  is  a supporter 
of  the  Republican  party,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  lames 
Monroe  in  1820.  He  is  a member  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  He  was  married  in  1818  to  Elizabeth  M. 
Wills,  a native  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  The  fruits  of  this 
union  have  been  eleven  children.  | 

ARQUHAR,  ORLANDO  C.,  Physician  and  Sur-  ■ 
geon,  was  born  near  Salem,  Columbiana  county,  ^ 
Ohio,  March  4th,  1835.  His  parents  were  of  j 
Scotch  descent,  and  in  religious  faith  belonged  to  \ 
the  Society  of  Friends,  or  Quakers.  He  was  \ 
educated  primarily  in  the  village  school  of  ; 
Putnam  (now  the  Ninth  Ward  of  Zanesville),  under  the  in-  | 
struction  of  Professor  Z.  M.  Chandler.  The  first  movement  1 
made  after  leaving  school  was  a trip  down  the  Muskingum  i 
river  and  Ohio  river  on  a trading  flatboat.  About  two  years  1 
were  thus  spent  in  the  Western  waters  and  their  tributaries,  ! 
and  at  their  expiration  he  returned  to  his  home,  and  de-  I 
voted  himself,  after  due  consideration,  to  the  study  of  medi-  I 
cine  and  surgery.  After  remaining  as  a student  three  years  | 

27 


in  the  office  of  his  father.  Dr.  E.  A.  Farquhar,  he  attended 
lectures  at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati,  dur- 
ing 1857  and  1858.  Upon  quitting  this  institution  the 
practice  of  medicine  was  begun  at  Putnam,  in  partnership 
with  his  father,  and  continued  until  October,  1875,  wdien  the 
firm  was  dissolved  by  mutual  consent,  O.  C.  Farquhar  re- 
tiring. In  1872  he  had  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  For  several  years  past  he  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  municipal  political  proceedings. 
For  six  years  he  was  a valued  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, was  subsequently  a member  of  the  village  council 
of  Putnam,  and  became  prominent  as  an  able  advocate  of  the 
annexation  of  Putnam  to  the  city  of  Zanesville — an  event 
which  was  brought  about  in  a great  measure  through  his 
earnest  and  well-directed  labors.  After  the  accomplishment 
and  ratification  of  that  annexation,  the  members  of  the 
dominant  party  elected  him  on  the  Republican  ticket  to 
represent  them  in  the  City  Council  for  two  years.  At  the 
expiration  of  the  first  term  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same  po- 
sition. During  the  exciting  times  of  the  Temperance 
Crusade  and  the  existence  of  the  Prohibitory  Beer  Ordi- 
nance, he  had  the  moral  courage  to  write  an  ordinance  re- 
peating the  original  one.  He  was  married,  April  2d,  1856, 
to  Elizabeth  J.  Irvine,  who  died  in  1859.  June  7th,  i860,  he 
was  again  married,  to  Mary  L.  Ransom,  of  Coshocton, 
Ohio,  with  whom  he  now  lives. 


McCREA,  CHARLES  T.,  Merchant,  was  born  in 
Addison,  Champaign  county,  Ohio,  April  i8lh, 
1832,  and  is  of  .Scotch  and  Irish  extraction.  He 
vvas  educated  at  Woodward  College,  entering  that 
institution  October  9th,  1848,  under  the  presidency 
of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Thomas  J.  Briggs.  On 
leaving  college  he  began  at  once  his  mercantile  career.  He 
first  located  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  for  one 
year  and  a half.  He  then  entered  the  house  of  Barcroft, 
Beaver  & Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Indianapolis, 
Indiana,  and  began  business  for  himself  in  a wholesale  house 
of  hats,  caps  and  straw  goods.  During  his  two  years  of 
merchandising  at  the  capital  of  the  Hoosier  State,  he  won 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  asso- 
ciated. His  next  location,  in  the  summer  of  1858,  was 
again  in  Dayton,  the  city  where  his  mercantile  life  began  in 
the  autumn  of  1852.  The  business  he  had  commenced  so 
auspiciously  in  Indianapolis  he  continued  with  vigor  two 
years  at  Dayton,  when,  on  the  first  day  of  January,  i860,  he 
opened  in  Pearl  street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  a large  vdiolesale 
house  with  an  excellent  stock  of  hats,  caps,  furs,  gloves  and 
straw  goods.  The  wisdom  of  this  move  is  proved  by  more 
than  fifteen  years,  with  a fair  prospect  of  many  more  in  the 
future,  of  useful  activity  in  the  same  business  and  in  the 
same  street.  Mr.  McCrea’s  remarkable  success  in  business 


210 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


is  due  to  his  steadfast  honesty,  courtesy  and  punctuality. 
No  one  could  be  more  conscientious  in  the  fulfilment  of  an 
engagement.  Many  of  his  patrons,  residing  hundreds  of 
miles  from  the  Queen  City,  have  learned  that  tliey  can  send 
orders  to  his  store  and  have  them  filled  with  the  same  care 
and  fidelity  as  if  they  were  personally  .superintending  the 
selection  of  the  goods.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  ever 
manifested  a deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  adopted  city, 
and  is  always  found  with  those  who  are  laboring  to  improve 
society,  physically,  morally  and  .religiously.  When  the 
“ Citizens’  Protection  Society”  was  organized  in  1S73, 
McCrea  was  unanimously  elected  Treasurer  of  the  same, 
showing  how  highly  he  is  esteemed  by  those  whose  good- 
will is  of  especial  value.  On  June  27th,  1861,  he  was 
married  to  Ada  Betts,  of  Cincinnati,  by  whom  he  has  five 
children,  all  boys. 

ARBELL,  DAVID,  I.awyer,  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  the  First  .Subdivision  of  the 
Fifth  Judicial  District  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Ripley, 
Brown  county,  Ohio,  December  3d,  1S36.  lie 
was  the  second  child  in  a family  consisting  of  five 
children,  whose  parents  were  William  T.  Tarbell 
and  Martha  (Stevenson)  Tarbell.  His  father,  a native  of 
Massachusetts,  having  been  born  near  Groton,  followed  in 
early  life  the  occupation  of  sea-captain,  and  in  later  years 
traded  through  the  West  with  the  Indians.  About  the  year 
1833  he  settled  in  Ripley,  Ohio,  where,  continuhig  his  trading 
operations,  he  remained  until  his  decease  in  1852.  He  was 
widely  and  favorably  known  as  a public-spirited  and  an  en- 
terprising citizen,  and  was  noted  also  for  his  enthusiastic 
devotion  to  the  now  extinct  Whig  party.  His  mother,  a 
native  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  was  the  daughter  of  one  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  county,  and  died  in  1854.  His 
paternal  ancestors  were  active  participants  in  the  revolution- 
ary struggle,  and  were  of  Scotch  and  German  extraction. 
On  the  maternal  side  his  ancestors  were  natives  of  Ireland, 
and  his  mother’s  father,  having  been  engaged  against  the 
British  crown  in  the  revolution  of  1798,  was  forced  to  flee 
from  his  home,  and  came  to  America  to  find  the  h.aven 
denied  him  in  his  own  land.  Judge  David  TarbeP,  in  his 
sixteenth  year,  began  life  on  his  own  resources  as  a shoe- 
maker, at  Ripley,  Ohio.  This  occupation  monopolized  his 
time  and  energies  for  about  one  year,  at  the  expiration  of 
which  period  he  found  employment  as  a clerk  in  a dry-goods 
store  of  the  same  town.  This  business  occupied  his  atten- 
tion during  the  following  six  months.  Up  to  that  time  he 
had  been  attending  school  as  regularly  as  circumstances 
would  permit,  and  had  accordingly  acquired  a thorough 
English  education.  After  relinquishing  the  clerkship,  he 
assumed  the  role  of  educator  in  a country  school  situated 
near  Decatur,  Brown  county,  and,  while  pursuing  a course 
of  literary  and  legal  study,  sustained  it  for  about  six  years. 
During  this  period  also  he  attended  the  Wesleyan  Univer- 


j sity,  of  Ohio.  In  1858  he  passed  the  requisite  examination 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  whereupon  he  entered  on  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native  place,  and  remained 
there  until  1861.  He  then  removed  to  Aberdeen,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  professional  labors  until  the  spring 
of  1864.  Between  the  former  and  the  latter  date  he  was  ap- 
pointed Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Brown  county,  and  per- 
I formed  the  duties  of  that  office  for  about  one  year.  Leaving 
Aberdeen  in  iS64,*he  established  his  office  in  Georgetown, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  conducting  the  af- 
fairs of  a very  extensive  clientage.  In  this  year  he  was 
elected  Probate  Judge  of  Brown  county,  and  later  was  re- 
elected to  the  same  office.  That  position  was  occupied  by 
him  in  all  for  a period  of  five  or  six  years.  His  first  election 
to  it  was  the  consequence  of  a vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Judge  Charles  F.  Campbell.  In  1868  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention,  at  New 
I York.  In  1871  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  which  office  he  now  holds.  He  gives  to  the 
Democratic  party  his  favor  and  influence,  and  cast  his  first 
vote  for  President  for  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  He  is  attached 
to  the  Methodist  Church,  and  is  an  useful  coworker  in  all 
important  measures  projected  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of 
society  or  to  hasten  the  development  of  the  best  interests  of 
his  State  and  the  general  community.  P'or  many  years  past 
j he  has  been  a Mason,  and  is  a member  also  of  the  Odd 
I Fellow  Fraternity.  In  the  Masonic  Order  he  is  a Knight 
Templar,  and  is  a member  of  the  Cincinnati  Commandery, 
No.  3.  He  is  a member  also  of  the  Order  of  the  Knights 
of  Pythias,  and  is  warmly  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  the  various  societies  in  which  he  is  a valued  associate. 
He  was  married,  January  1st,  1S61,  to  Nancy  Sallee,  a 
native  of  Brown  county,  Ohio. 


EIDMAN,  JOHN  C.,  Wholesale  Grocer,  is  of  Ger- 
man birth  and  of  Germ,an  ancestry.  He  was  born 
in  Steinsficld,  Wittenberg,  Germany,  but  came, 
when  a child,  to  this  country,  and  thenceforward 
his  home  was  in  Ohio.  He  attended  school  in 
Medina  county  in  that  State,  and  after  having 
proettred  his  education,  he  entered  the  wholesale  grocery 
and  liquor  house  of  Me?sri.  Loomis  & Brown,  of  Cleve- 
land, as  a clerk.  He  remained  with  that  firm  in  the 
capacity  of  clerk  until  the  year  1845,  when  he  went  to 
j Liverpool,  Medina  county,  and  started  in  business  on  his 
own  account,  opening  a grocery  store  there.  He  continued 
in  this  business  until  1848,  when  he  left  Ohio,  and  went  to 
East  Bloomfield,  Ontario  county,  New  York.  There  he 
went  to  work  as  a farmer  and  nurseryman,  and  continued 
so  employed  for  a period  of  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  he  returned  to  Cleveland,  and  re-entered  the  whole- 
sale grocery  and  liquor  business,  in  the  employ  of  W.  J. 

! Gordon.  He  remained  with  this  house  for  four  years  and 


BIOGRArniCAL  ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 


211 


then  left,  and  went  to  work  for  the  firm  of  Edwards  & 
Iddin^s,  wholesale  grocers,  in  Cleveland.  With  this  firm 
he  remained  for  seven  years;  and  then,  in  l86i,  he  left 
them,  formed  a copartnership  with  J.  D.  Hildebrand,  under 
the  firm-name  of  Weidman  & Co.,  in  the  wholesale  liquor 
business.  This  partnership  w-as  continued  for  four  years, 
and  then  the  firm  dissolved,  and  he  carried  on  the  same 
business  alone  for  some  four  months.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  he  entered  into  a partner.ship  with  Ilannis  Tiedman, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Weidman  & Tiedman,  in  the  whole- 
s.ile  grocery  and  liquor  trade.  In  1867  Oliver  G.  Kent  was 
admitted  as  a member  of  the  firm,  and  in  1870  Mr.  Tiedman 
retired  from  the  firm,  selling  his  interest  in  the  business  to 
Mr.  Kent.  In  1871  C.  T.  Ilasbrouck  was  admitted  to  a 
membership  in  the  firm,  and  the  house  now  stands  under  the 
name  of  Weidman,  Kent  & Co.  John  C.  Weidman  is  a 
fair  e.xample  of  the  self-made  man,  achieving  through  his 
ow'n  exertions,  and  liy  his  own  energy,  ability  and  courage, 
a goodly  degree  of  prosperity  and  a high  position  in  the 
social  and  business  community.  He  was  married  on  the 
17th  of  April,  1853,  to  Laurie  Muntz,  of  Liverpool,  Medina 
county,  Ohio. 


R.\ND,  MICH.\EL,  Violoncellist,  Conductor  of  tne 
Cincinnati  Grand  Orchestra,  was  born  in  New 
York  city,  January  ilth,  1849.  Miclxiel  took  his 
first  instruction  in  music  at  the  early  age  of  six 
years.  He  developed,  thus  early,  an  excellent 
taste,  and  very  readily  acquired  facility  and  skill 
as  a musician.  He  performed  principally  at  garden  con- 
certs, and  when  eight  years  of  age  became  first  violinist  in 
the  organization.  When  ten,  he  formed  a boys’  quartette 
band,  playing  the  violoncello  himself,  having  had  no  pre- 
vious instruction  on  this  instrument  save  one  lesson.  After 
playing  a number  of  years  in  Brand’s  Band,  and  three  years 
in  Pike’s  Opera  House  Orchestra,  he  determined  to  go  to 
New  York,  where  he  believed  he  could  secure  a more  rapid 
advance  in  the  science  of  instrumental  music,  by  association 
with  the  talent  of  that  city,  and  through  the  instruction  of 
the  most  talented  teachers.  He  appeared  at  first  as  a sub- 
stitute in  theatrical  orchestras,  but  was  in  a very  short  time 
offered  by  Mr.  Thom.rs  a place  in  his  orchestra,  which  he 
gladly  accepted,  seeing  in  this  acceptance  the  advantages  he 
would  have  in  an  organization  led  by  so  competent  a master 
of  the  art.  He  filled  this  )iosiLion  about  five  years,  during 
which  he  became  the  favorite  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Carl 
Anschutz.  He  resided  with  him  and  was  his  close  com- 
j)anion  up  to  the  day  of  his  death.  Under  this  distinguished 
mu.-.ician  he  took  a thorough  course  of  theoretic  training, 
and  became  an  accomplished  instrumentalist.  In  1872  he 
was  induced  by  Mr.  Louis  Ballenberg,  Manager  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati (Orchestra,  to  accept  the  conductor>hip  of  that  body, 
then  newly  organized.  He  returned  to  that  city  to  enter 
upon  the  duties  of  this  office,  which  he  discharges  with 


popular  satisfaction  at  the  present  time.  He  labored  in- 
dustriously to  make  this  orchestra  without  a superior,  and 
all  his  laudable  efforts  were  rewarded  with  success,  exhibit- 
ing rare  tact  and  ability  as  a conductor,  and  winning  for 
that  organization  not  only  a fine  reputation,  but  the  patron- 
age of  the  patrons  of  music  in  that  city.  The  violoncello  is 
the  instrument  of  his  choice,  and  his  performances  are  mainly 
with  it;  but  there  are  few  men,  perhaps,  whose  skill  has  a 
wider  range  than  his.  He  plays  with  facility  and  taste  on 
nearly  every  other  orchestral  instrument,  with  a power  of 
giving  every  shade  of  expression  which  shows  him  the  pos- 
sessor of  a real  genius  for  his  art.  His  long  course  of  theo- 
retical and  practical  training,  especially  under  Mr.  AR- 
schutz,  developed  this  extraordinary  versatility.  When 
twelve  years  of  age  he  composed  his  first  piece,  and  has 
since  produced  others,  adapted  for  the  use  of  bands  and 
orchestras,  which  are  more  than  usually  meritorious.  He 
is  to  be  credited  with  raising  the  Cincinnati  Orchestra  to  its 
present  standard  of  efficiency,  and  to  have  gratified  the  ex- 
pectations of  its  friends  when  he  first  entered  upon  its  leader- 
ship. His  whole  nature  is  enlisted  in  the  cause  of  music 
audits  intelligent  and  artistic  development,  and  few  men,  in 
this  or  European  countries,  have  achieved  a more  honorable 
reputation  as  one  of  its  exponents.  He  is  in  the  prime  of 
manhood,  and  labors  still  with  unabated  enthusiasm  in  a 
field  which  has  already  covered  him  with  distinction. 


• EAD,  HIRAM,  Piofessor  of  .Sacred  Rhetoric,  in 
Oberlin  Theological  .Seminary,  is  a New  Eng- 
lander by  birth.  He  was  born  in  Cornwall,  Ver- 
mont, on  the  loth  of  May,  1827.  His  father  was 
Rufus  Mead.  One  of  his  six  brothers,  Rufus 
Mead,  Jr.,  was  late  United  Slates  Consul  to 
Nicaragua;  another,  Martin  L.  Mead,  M.  D.,  is  a physician 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  another  brother  is  Rev.  Charles  M. 
Mead,  Professor  of  Hebrew  Literature  in  Andover  Theologi- 
cal Seminary.  Like  so  many  of  the  New  England  men  who 
have  gained  for  themselves  prominence  and  distinction,  he 
was  a farmer’s  son,  and  was  born  to  hard  work  instead  of  to 
luxury  and  wealth.  His  early  education  was  mainly  ob- 
tained at  the  common  district  schools  of  the  neighborhood 
in  which  he  lived,  and  his  mental  training  was  largely  ac- 
companied by  physical  training  in  the  shape  of  farm-work. 
After  going  through  the  course  of  study  in  the  district 
schools,  he  was  prepared  for  college  at  Buir  Seminary,  in 
Manchester,  Vermont,  and  that  done,  he  entered  as  a student 
at  Middlebury  College.  He  graduated  at  Middlebury  in 
1850.  After  leaving  college  he  W'as  employed  for  a period 
of  two  years  as  teacher  in  the  Flushing  Institute,  on  Long 
Island.  At  the  end  of  that  time,  in  1852,  he  became  a tutor 
in  Middlebury  College,  holding  that  position  for  two  years 
longer.  Then,  in  the  year  1854,  he  entered  as  a student  at 
Andover  'rheological  Seminary,  and  graduated  there  in 


212 


BIOGRAnilCAL  EXCYCLOP.EDI A. 


1857.  In  September,  1858,  the  year  after  his  graduation  at 
Andover,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  at 
South  Hadley,  Massachusetts.  He  continued  to  fill  the 
pulpit  of  this  church  until  November,  1867,  at  the  same  time 
holding  the  positions  of  Secretary  and  member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Mount  Holyoke  Eemale  Seminary.  In  the 
month  of  December,  1867,  he  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the 
Olive  Street  Congregational  Church  in  Nashua,  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  continued  his  service  as  pastor  of  that  church 
until  October,  1869,  w’hen  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  Oberlin  Theological  Semi- 
nary, a department  of  Oberlin  College,  which  position  he  still 
dbntinues  to  occupy.  In  1871  he  received  the  degree  of 
D.  1).  from  Middlebury  College,  and  in  1S74  he  was  invited 
to  assume  the  presidency  of  that  institution,  an  honor  which 
he  declined.  In  addition  to  his  duties  as  Professor  in  Ober- 
lin Theological  Seminary,  he  has  acted  for  six  years  as 
associate  pastor  of  the  Second  Congregational  Church  in 
Oberlin.  He  was  married  on  the  5th  of  August,  1S58,  to 
Elizabeth  Storrs  Billings,  of  Andover,  Massachusetts. 


G f-^^CILER,  DAVID,  ex-Memberof  Congress  and 
Attorney-at-Law,  w'as  born  at  Sharpsburg,  Mary- 
land,  on  the  24th  of  December,  1796.  He  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Christian  Spangler  and  Annie 
Spangler,  zealous  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  In  November,  1872,  the 
family  removed  from  Maryland  and  settled  at  Zanesville, 
then  a frontier  and  important  town  in  Ohio.  Zanesville, 
even  at  that  early  day,  was  favored  with  lilieral  means  of 
primary  education,  to  which  the  subject  of  this  sketch  had 
free  access,  and  he  was  not  slow  to  profit  by  his  ojiportuni- 
ties,  limited  as  they  were.  In  early  life  he  was  engaged  in 
the  business  of  clerking  in  his  father’s  dry-goods  store. 
Tiring  at  length  of  the  monotony  of  a shopkeeper’s  life, 
about  the  year  1S21,  wdien  twenty-five  years  of  age,  he  en- 
tered upon  the  study  of  the  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon. 
Alexander  Harper,  long  a distinguished  Judge  of  the  Com- 
mon Pleas  Court  and  subsequently  a member  of  Congress. 
At  the  term  of  the  Supreme  Court  held  at  Cleveland  in 
1S24,  Mr.  Spangler  rvas  admitted  as  an  attorney-at-law  and 
solicitor  in  chancery  in  this  State.  After  his  admission  to 
the  bar  he  at  once  entered  on  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
Zanesville.  In  1S30  he  was  put  in  nomination  by  his  polit- 
ical friends  for  a seat  in  the  Legislature,  and  though  the 
opposing  party  was  strongly  in  the  ascendant  in  Muskingum 
county  at  that  period,  he  came  within  a very  few  votes  of 
success.  In  1S32  an  eligible  opening  offering  for  increase 
of  professional  business,  he  removed  to  Coshocton,  Ohio, 
wdiich  was  thenceforward  until  the  day  of  his  death  his  per- 
manent residence.  Professional  business  poured  in  upon 
him  from  the  start,  and  veiy  soon  after  he  settled  in  Coshoc- 
ton, he  was  called  u]5on  to  take  a leading  part  in  politics.  In 


the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected  a Representative  to  Con- 
gress from  the  Twelfth  Ohio  District,  then  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Coshocton,  Knox,  Hoimes  and  Tuscarawas,  and 
in  1834  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position.  He  was  a 
Whig  in  his  political  principles,  but  although  his  district 
was  overwhelmingly  in  the  hands  of  his  political  opponents, 
such  was  his  popularity  that  he  was  elected  each  time  by  a 
triumphant  majority.  During  his  first  term  of  service  in 
Congress,  and  at  the  January  term,  1834,  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  Chief-Justice  Marshall  presiding, 
he  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  and  counsellor  of  that  court. 
About  the  same  time  he  argued  orally  before  the  same  emi- 
nent jurist  a case  on  appeal  from  Ohio,  and  gained  his  client’s 
cause.  In  1S44,  the  M’hig  party  being  then  largely  in  the  as- 
cendant in  the  .State,  he  was  unanimously  nominated  by  a 
State  convention  of  that  party  for  the  office  of  Governor  of 
Ohio.  Preferring  the  quiet  of  domestic  life,  and  desirous 
of  superintending  the  education  of  his  two  sons,  and  tired 
of  the  turmoil  and  excitement  of  the  political  arena,  he  re- 
spectfully but  firmly  declined  the  flattering  distinction  of- 
fered him  by  his  fellow-citizens.  He  was  emphatically  the 
architect  of  his  own  fortune.  In  his  youth  he  had  not  the 
advantages  possessed  by  many.  He  was  never  at  college. 
But  this  great  want  was  more  than  made  up  by  his  energy, 
industry  and  perseverance  in  after  years.  He  became  by 
his  self-directed  efforts  a good  6el/es  Ictlres  scholar,  a pro- 
found lawyer,  and  an  eloquent  advocate.  His  strong  phys- 
ical constitution  harmonized  admirably  with  his  clear  and 
vigorous  mind,  and  in  social  life  he  was  esteemed  and  ad- 
mired for  his  wit,  genial  manners,  and  his  joyous  humor. 
He  was  eng.aged  in  all  the  important  cases  of  his  time  in 
the  locality  in  which  he  lived,  and  when  professionally  oc- 
cu])ied  never  failed  to  elicit  the  warm  commendation  of  alt 
who  witnessed  his  unassailable  deportment.  He  was  mar- 
ried December  3d,  1828,  to  Elizabeth  Grafton  Etherington, 
of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  Elher- 
ington  T.  Spangler,  and  Alexander  H.  Spangler,  both  of 
whom  applied  themselves  to  the  study  and  practice  of  law. 
He  died  at  Coshocton  on  the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  Octo- 
ber i8th,  1856. 


C^^LIPPART,  JOHN  HANCOCK,  Secretary  of  the 
.State  Board  of  Agriculture,  was  born  near  Canton, 
.Stark  county,  Ohio,  his  parents  being  Henry  and 
Eve  (Henning)  Klippart,  on  July  26th,  1823. 
His  paternal  grandfather  came  to  America  with 
Lafayette,  and  at  the  close  of  the  revolutionary 
war  married  a Virginia  lady  and  settled  in  Maryland.  In 
18S6  he  moved  to  Stark  county,  Ohio,  with  his  family  of  six 
children.  He  was  brother  to  Marshal  Klcber,  so  con- 
spicuous in  the  battles  fought  by  Napoleon.  Mr.  Klippart’s 
maternal  great-great-grandfather  was  a Huguenot,  whose 
family  fled,  first  to  Flanders  and  afterwards  to  Pennsylvania, 
to  escape  persecution.  They  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Har- 


BIOGR  API  I ICAL  EAX'VCLOP.  EDI  A. 


21 


risburg,  the  capital  of  that  State,  in  the  cemeteries  of  which 
the  family  name  of  Henning  is  frequently  to  be  met  with. 
Until  his  ninth  year  Mr.  Klippart  attended  the  common 
“subscription”  schools,  taught  by  Irish  schoolmasters.  In 
his  tenth  year  he  was  sent  to  live  with  an  aunt,  and  was 
engaged  in  making  and  tilling  weaver  “ quills.”  During 
the  two  succeeding  years  he  was  employed  in  wool-carding, 
and  in  1836  he  was  placed  as  an  errand-boy  in  the  store  of 
Gorgas  & Kuntze,  in  Louisville,  Stark  county,  remaining 
with  them  only  a few  months.  He  was  then  engaged  by  a 
brother-in-law  of  I.  Zerbe,  with  whom  he  stayed  only  a short 
time,  entering  the  establishment  of  Sala  & Kline,  of  Canton, 
to  learn  the  drug  business,  and  to  “ read  ” medicine.  Erom 
1S40  until  the  fall  of  1847  he  acted  as  clerk  in  drug  and  dry- 
goods  stores  in  Massillon  and  Mount  E.aton,  Wayne  county. 
In  1847  he  married  Emeline  Kahn,  of  Canton,  and  entered 
the  dry-goods  trade  on  his  own  account.  In  this  line  he  was 
profitably  engaged  until  1852.  In  1849  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Osnalwg,  Stark  county,  having  been  engaged 
in  the  meantime  as  a subcontractor  on  the  line  of  the  Ohio 
& Pennsylvania  Railroad,  now  known  as  the  Pittsburgh, 
Fort  Wayne  & Chicago  Railroad.  In  this  connection  all 
the  profits  of  his  entire  mercantile  career  tvere  swallowed 
up.  In  1853,  in  company  with  Daniel  Gotschall,  and  after- 
tvards  wdth  John  M.  Webb,  he  edited  and  published  the 
Democratic  Transcript,  at  Canton.  In  the  following  year  he 
removed  to  Cleveland  and  edited  the  American  Liberal,  a 
journal  whose  existence  covered  only  a few  months.  Upon 
its  demise  he  was  associated  with  Thomas  Brown,  editor 
and  publisher  of  the  Ohio  Farmer,  and  sustained  this  rela- 
tionship until  December,  1856,  when  he  was  elated  Cor- 
responding Secretary  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, an  office  which  he  has  occupied  uninterruptedly  up  to 
the  present  time.  At  the  same  time  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
then  Governor  of  Ohio,  tendered  him  the  position  of  State 
Librarian,  which  he  declined,  preferring  to  give  his  entire 
attention  to  the  wider  field  of  agricultural  science.  For 
many  years  he  was  a constant  contributor  to  the  agricultural 
press  of  the  country,  and  many  of  his  essays  on  agricultural 
topics,  and  translations  from  German  and  French  agricul- 
tural writers,  are  to  be  found  scattered  throughout  the  several 
annual  volumes  of  his  reports  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio. 
In  l86o  he  published  an  exhaustive  treatise  on  the  “ Wheat 
Plant,”  which  was  the  first  attempt  in  this  country  to  .sys- 
tematize the  known  facts  in  relation  to  this  important  cereal, 
and  of  which  three  large  editions  followed  each  other  in 
rapid  succession.  Two  years  later  he  published  a very 
practical  treatise  on  the  “ Theory  and  Practice  of  Farm 
Drainage,”  two  large  editions  of  which  have  been  issued  by 
Robert  Clarke  & Co.,  of  Cincinnati,  the  largest  and  among 
the  most  substantial  book-publishers  in  the  West.  This 
last-named  work  is  the  text-book  on  drainage  in  the  Ohio 
Agricultural  College.  In  1S60  Governor  Dennison  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Klippart  as  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  visit 
Massachusetts,  and  examine  into  and  rcixrrt  upon  the  cattle 


disease  then  prevailing  in  that  State.  His  report,  which  is 
quite  voluminous  and  very  important,  was  printed  in  the 
“Ohio  Agricultural  Report,”  for  1859.  During  the  war  he 
was  frequently  despatched  by  Governors  Tod  and  Brough, 
with  important  messages  for  the  armies  from  Ohio,  to  Nash- 
ville, Cold  Harbor,  and  elsewhere.  In  1865  he  was  de- 
puted by  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  at  Washington,  to  examine  the  European  in- 
stitutions for  teaching  theoretical  and  practical  agriculture, 
as  well  as  to  observe  the  systems  of  agriculture  1 ractised  in 
Great  Britain  and  the  countries  of  continental  Europe.  His 
report  of  his  lour  of  observation,  printed  in  the  “ Ohio  Agri- 
cultural Report,”  for  1865,  contributed  largely,  if  it  was  not 
the  sole  cause,  to  the  introduction  of  the  Percheron  horse 
fronr  France.  More  than  two  hundred  thousand  dollars’ 
worth  of  these  horses  are  now  in  Ohio.  In  1869  Governor 
Hayes  appointed  him  as  Assistant  State  Geologist,  and  he 
was  assigned  to  the  agricultural  portion  of  the  survey.  This 
appointment  he  held  with  distinction  until  the  expiration  of 
his  term,  when  the  corps  was  continued  under  a reorganiza- 
tion, in  which  the  agricultural  department  was  omitted,  the 
Legislature  being  more  interested  in  developing  and  promot- 
ing the  interests  of  the  mineral  than  of  the  agricultural  re- 
sources of  the  State.  In  1873  Governor  Noyes  appointed 
Mr.  Klippart  as  one  of  three  Commissioners  of  Fisheries, 
assigning  to  him  the  duty  of  ascertaining  the  feasibility  of 
replenishing  the  streams  of  Ohio  and  Lake  Erie  with  fish 
of  species  adapted  to  these  waters.  His  report  made  such  an 
impression  on  the  Legislature  that  an  act  was  passed  author- 
izing the  appointment  of  a commission,  with  an  appropria- 
tion of  810,000,  to  build  hatching-houses  and  conduct  them. 
Governor  Allen  selected  him  as  one  of  the  commissioners. 
Although  poverty  and  the  lack  of  proper  school  facilities 
deprived  him  in  early  life  of  the  advantages  of  a systematic 
education,  his  persistent  effort  in  devoting  all  his  leisure 
time  to  study  secured  him  a knowledge  especially  of  scien- 
tific matters,  which  is  comprehensive  and  thorough.  While 
in  politics  he  has  never  been  a partisan  in  the  strict  interpre- 
tation of  the  word,  he  has  always  allied  himself  to  that  or- 
ganization which  protected  American  labor,  fostered  and 
promoted  American  industries,  and  developed  American  re- 
sources. His  religious  views  are  liberal,  and  he  conforms 
to  no  special  creed,  his  belief  being  th.at  true  religion  is  not 
to  be  governed  by  any  tenet  or  set  of  tenets  established  by  a 
church,  and  that,  if  it  is  true  and  sincere,  it  will  be  con- 
stantly apparent  in  daily  acts.  He  is  a devoted  student  of 
scientific  agriculture,  and  is  recognized  as  an  authority  in  the 
settlement  of  disputed  questions  relating  to  it.  His  wiitings 
are  quoted  in  many  influential  European  publications,  that 
on  the  wheat  plant  having  been  wholly  reprinted  abroad. 
He  has  been  honored  by  his  election  as  a member  of  the 
Central  Acclimatization  Society  of  Prussia,  and  of  the  Im- 
perial Agricultural  Society  of  France.  The  California 
Natural  History  Society  elected  him  a corresponding  mem- 
ber, and  the  same  courtesy  and  acknowledgment  of  his  in- 


214 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


valuable  services  was  extended  by  the  Cincinnati  Natural 
1 1 istory  Society.  In  1856  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Cleve- 
land Academy  of  Science,  and  subsequently  was  enrolled  a 
member  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  and  at  the  meeting  of  this  organization,  in  1874, 
he  contributed  a paper  on  Flatygonus  Couipressus."  lie  is 
Vice-President  of  the  Natural  History  Society  of  Columbus. 
The  labors  of  Mr.  Klippart  have  been  so  important  in  the 
domain  of  agricultural  science,  that  the  honors  which  have 
been  extended  to  him  by  American  and  foreign  societies 
have  not  been  undeserved.  In  all  the  important  offices  to 
which  he  has  been  appointed,  he  has  discharged  the  duties 
devolving  upon  him  not  only  with  the  highest  degree  of 
skill,  but  with  the  greatest  fidelity  and  intelligent  care.  He 
is  justly  esteemed  by  the  entire  public  in  this  State,  and  by 
those  elsewhere  who  know  of  him. 


G) 


iICHARDS,  RANSOM  ERASTUS,  Operator  in 
Real  Estate,  Farmer,  Author,  was  born  in  Cana- 
j!|  dice,  Livingston  county,  in  the  western  part  of 

' New  York,  October  13th,  1833.  His  earliest  rec- 

ollections are  associated  with  the  hills  and  dales 
of  the  Genesee.  Hemlock  Lake,  a romantic  sheet 
of  water  lying  among  the  “ Ball  Hills,”  and  the  barren, 
stony  peaks  of  the  surrounding  elevations,  were  to  him  fa- 
miliar and  beloved  sights.  And  the  course  of  the  winding 
Honeoye,  with  its  shaded  banks,  was  one  of  his  favorite 
haunts.  His  parents,  according  to  tradition,  traced  their 
origin  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  and  were  natives  of  the  State 
of  Connecticut.  His  mother  died  a few  months  after  his 
fourth  birthday,  and  his  father  in  the  following  year  was 
again  married  to  an  estimable  lady,  who  thenceforward  oc- 
cupied the  position  of  female  head  of  the  family.  The  first 
nine  years  of  his  life  were  passed  in  Lima,  Livingston 
county.  New  York.  In  February,  1842,  the  family  moved 
to  Ohio  in  a canvas-covered  wagon  drawn  by  four  horses, 
for  the  Lake  Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad  was  not 
then  in  existence,  or  probably  even  under  contemplation. 
A settlement  was  made  in  the  township  of  Chesterfield,  near 
the  western  boundary  of  Lucas  county,  now  Fulton  county. 
The  country  was  new  and  abounded  in  wild  game  ; hunting 
was  therefore  the  ordinary  pastime,  often  a profession.  The 
ensuing  ten  years  spent  there  were  accompanied  with  the 
usual  toils,  hardships  and  pleasures  incident  to  a frontier 
home  in  the  West,  and  the  transforming  of  a quarter-section 
of  wild  land  into  a well-cultivated  farm.  “ .My  recollections 
of  that  farm  are  vivid.  The  driving  of  two,  and  sometimes 
three,  pairs  of  oxen  to  break  up  the  virgin  soil  ; the  cutting 
of  ‘ blue  joint  ’ and  ‘ razor’  gr.ass  on  the  prairies,  and  poling 
it  through  water,  half  knee  deep,  to  the  high  ground  for 
stacking  ; the  constant  fear,  during  haying  time,  of  being 
bitten  by  ‘ mas.saugers,’  a species  of  short,  dark-colored  rat- 
tlesnake ; the  contending  against  annual  fires  on  the  open- 


ings; the  unearthing  of  thousands  of  ‘ blue  racers’  ’ eggs  in 
the  warm,  incubating  sands  of  the  old  bluff ; the  periodical 
shaking  with  ‘ fever ’n  ager : ’ all  are  as  events  of  yester- 
day.” Toledo  was  then  the  market  centre,  and  for  several 
years,  in  addition  to  his  labors  on  the  farm,  he  was  engao-ed, 
more  or  less  regularly,  in  driving  a wagon  with  two  pairs  of 
oxen,  loaded  with  wheat,  to  Raymond’s  mill,  spending  four 
days  in  the  trip,  and  receiving  for  the  grain  from  fifty  to 
.seventy-five  cents  per  bushel.  ” I had  an  early  penchant 
for  scribbling,  my  first  manuscript  collection  being  a series 
of  school  compositions  on  the  horse,  the  sheep,  the  use  of 
tobacco,  intemperance,  etc.,  and  which  I thought  seriously 
for  a time  of  having  printed  in  a book.  For  this  purpose  I 
applied  to  the  Messrs.  Scott  & Fairbanks,  publishers  of 
the  Blade,  who  informed  me  that  the  cost  would  not  be 
less  than  ten  dollars.  This  nipped  the  enterprise  in  the  bud. 
My  financial  resources  were  not  sufficiently  extensive  at 
that  time  to  enable  me  to  embark  in  so  great  an  undertak- 
ing.” During  the  winter  of  1850-51  he  attended  a school 
at  Sylvania,  conducted  by  A.  B.  West,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  term  had  the  honor  of  writing  the  valedictory.  In  the 
following  spring  his  first  printed  literary  composition  ap- 
peared, “A  Golden  Sunset,”  a prose  sketch  of  about  half  a 
column,  in  the  Penysburg  Star.  Of  his  poems,  the  first  in 
print  came  out  in  the  Toledo  Republican,  and  was  entitled 
“ The  Western  Wilds.”  In  the  spring  of  1851  his  father, 
becoming  discouraged  over  the  residts  of  his  farming  opera- 
tions in  Chesterfield,  sold  his  possessions  there  and  pur- 
chased another  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  near  the 
city  of  Toledo,  which  step,  as  shown  by  after  events,  was  a 
wise  and  profitable  venture.  In  the  succeeding  winter  of 
1851-52,  having  “finished  his  schooling,”  which  embraced 
only  a moderate  knowledge  of  the  common  branches  of  edu- 
cation, he  began  to  cherish  the  design  of  becoming  a printer. 
That  intention  was,  however,  opposed  by  his  father,  from  a 
fear  that  the  confinement  of  office  life  would  be  detrimental 
to  his  health.  But  persisting  steadily  in  his  tactics  to  secure 
the  desired  end,  he  ultimately  became  an  entered  apprentice 
to  Myers  & Riley,  in  the  office  of  the  Toledo  Republican. 
From  early  in  1852  until  the  spring  of  1853  he  worked  there 
“at  the  case,”  about  one-half  the  time,  the  remaining  half 
being  employed  in  travelling  on  business  of  the  office.  It 
was  during  his  apprenticeship  that  he  began  “ paragraph- 
ing ” for  the  payier ; and  also  for  a time  he  copied  telegraph 
despatches  from  the  reading  of  the  operator.  While  acting 
in  this  capacity  he  wrote  out  the  last  annual  message  of 
President  Fillmore,  a task  which  occupied  the  greater  por- 
tion of  a cold  night  in  December.  His  associates  and 
fellow-workers  in  the  Republican  office  were  Charles  F. 
Browne  (“Artemas  Ward  ”),  Charles  R.  Dennett,  since  an 
editor  of  considerable  note,  and  James  A.  Boyd  (“  Sandy”), 
his  foreman,  an  accomplished  job-printer.  Before  the  ex- 
piration of  the  year,  his  health  becoming  impaired,  he  was 
advised  to  seek  another  field  of  labor  and  a change  of  cli- 
mate. Early  in  the  spring  of  1S53,  George  G.  Lyon,  one 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP-LDIA. 


215 


of  the  editors  of  the  Toledo  Blade,  offered  him  an  engage- 
ment on  the  staff  of  that  paper,  as  Local  and  Commercial 
Reporter,  with  the  salary  of  five  dollars  per  week — eight  to 
ten  dollars  per  week  being  then  first-class  wages  for  “ profes- 
sionals.” He  was  then  released  from  the  articles  of  his 
apprenticeship  bond  with  Mr.  Riley,  and  accepted  the  situ- 
ation on  the  Blade.  After  a trial  of  two  months  on  the 
new  theatre  of  action,  however,  his  health  continuing  poor, 
he  was  compelled  to  quit  the  business  altogether.  Proceed- 
ing northward,  he  spent  the  summer  and  part  of  the  fall  on 
the  island  of  Mackinac,  finding  occupation  while  there  in  a 
grocery  store,  conducted  by  P'redeiick  Hoitt.  With  health 
restored  to  him  he  returned  to  Toledo,  and  passed  the  win- 
ter in  the  employ  of  Joseph  R.  Williams,  soliciting  subscrip- 
tions for  the  Blade,  in  which  he  met  with  ordinary  success. 
In  December,  1854,  he  again  secured  a position  on  the 
Blade  as  Local  and  Commercial  Editor,  with  J.  R.  Williams, 
afterward  President  of  the  Michigan  State  Agricultural 
College,  as  proprietor  and  editor-in-chief.  He  held  this 
post  for  a little  over  a year,  since  which  time  he  has  had 
no  direct  connection  with  any  paper,  except  as  an  occa- 
sional writer  and  correspondent.  In  January,  1855,  he 
edited  and  published  the  first  business  directory  of  Toledo, 
Ohio,  printed  in  the  columns  of  the  Blade.  Subsequently 
he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  on  a farm  of  forty  acres 
near  the  city,  and  on  that  homestead  has  since  permanently 
resided.  He  connected  himself  with  the  Masonic  order  in 
1858,  and  rapidly  gained  an  influential  position  among  his 
brethren.  In  the  spring  of  1871  he  Iiecaine  an  active  worker 
in  the  task  of  organizing  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Masonic  ' 
Relief  Association  of  Toledo,  for  the  insuring  of  lives  on  the 
co-opeiative  plan.  Since  its  organization  he  has  served  as 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  this  institution,  has  received  and 
disbursed  over  $25,000,  and  has  been  instrumental  in  se- 
curing a membership  of  1700.  For  ten  years  he  was  Master 
of  a Lodge,  and  at  the  present  time  officiates  as  Grand 
Lecturer  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio,  for  the  Third  District. 
In  1871  he  set  on  foot  a plan  to  raise  means  for  the  erection 
of  a monument  to  the  memory  of  deceased  Masons  buried 
in  Forest  Cemeteiy,  Toledo,  and  thus  far  has  met  with  entire 
success.  He  has  an  extensive  acquaintance  among  Masons 
throughout  the  State,  and  is  widely  and  favorably  known  as 
an  energetic  and  useful  coworker  and  associate.  During 
1870  he  wrote  and  published  “An  Historical  Sketch  of 
Early  Masonry  in  Northwestern  Ohio,”  a pamphlet  of 
sixty-four  pages,  which  had  a good  local  sale.  Also  of  late 
years  he  has  been  a regular  contributor  to  the  Masonic  Re- 
viei.K),  published  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Since  December,  1867, 
he  has  devoted  the  greater  portion  of  his  time  to  the  busi- 
ness of  buying  and  selling  real  estate,  with  an  office  at  No.  ^ 
19  Campbell  Block,  Toledo,  Ohio.  The  follow  ing  is  at  ' 
once  an  amusing  and  an  instructive  reminiscence  of  his  liter- 
ary career ; “ One  literary  effort  in  particular  do  I remem- 
ber, written  several  years  ago,  that  went  the  rounds  of  the 
press,  and  finally  returned  to  the  starting  point,  having  in 


the  meantime  lost  all  credit  of  authorship.”  He  was  mar- 
ried, December  13th,  1855,  Maryette  Bush,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  B.  H.  Bush,  one  of  the  pioneer  physicians  of 
Toledo  and  Lucas  county,  Ohio. 


AYS,  WTLLIAM  A.,  County  Auditor,  was  born  in 
Montgomery  county,  Ohio,  June  7th,  1842.  He 
received  a common  school  education.  When 
eighteen  years  old  he  started  in  active  life  as  a 
clerk  in  a country  store,  remaining  thus  engaged 
three  years.  He  served  as  a clerk  in  the  Treas- 
urer’s office  of  Montgomery  county,  Ohio,  during  the  years 
1870  and  1871,  and  during  the  succeeding  two  years  was 
engaged  as  bookkeeper  for  the  banking  house  of  Harsh- 
man  & Co.,  Dayton,  Ohio.  In  1873  he  was  elected  Auditor 
of  Montgomery  County  on  the  Democratic  ticket. 


ALL,  FLAMEN,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
February  lith,  1837,  and  is  the  only  surviving 
one  of  six  sons,  the  others  having  died  in  infancy 
or  early  childhood.  In  1843  his  parents  removed 
to  Clifton,  where  he  attended  the  village  school. 
In  1854  he  entered  Kenyon  College,  but  left  that 
institution  at  the  end  of  his  second  collegiate  year  and  com- 
menced the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Chase  & Ball.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Laws  from  the  law  department  of  the  Cincinnati  College, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  thespringof  1858.  In  i860 
he  formed  a copartnership  with  his  father,  under  the  name 
of  Ball  & Ball,  which  firm  existed  until  the  war,  when,  de- 
siring to  respond  to  President  Lincoln’s  call  for  volunteers, 
he  gave  notice  to  his  partner  of  his  intention  to  enter  the 
army;  but  before  leaving  for  the  field,  the  firm’s  practice 
being  large,  and  his  senior  partner  unable  to  attend  to  it  un- 
aided, he  recommended  his  friend,  Isaac  M.  Jordan,  Esq., 
as  his  successor,  with  whom  a copartnership  was  formed 
under  the  name  of  Ball  & Jordan — Flamen,  Jr.,  retaining  a 
one-third  interest  in  the  business.  Mr.  Ball  at  his  own  ex- 
pense raised  a full  company  of  infantry,  of  which  he  was 
elected  Captain.  I'ailing  to  procure  the  acceptance  of  his 
company  by  Governor  Dennison,  Ohio’s  quota  being  full, 
and  knowing  that  Kentucky’s  quota  had  been  refused  the 
government  by  Governor  McGalfin,  Captain  Ball  marched 
his  company  from  Cumminsville,  where  he  recruited  it,  to 
Colerain  township,  where  he  took  possession  of  the  Meth- 
odist camp-meeting  grounds,  and  whither  he  induced  six 
other  companies  to  encamp,  promising  to  procure  their  ac- 
ceptance by  President  Lincoln,  to  be  credited  to  Kentucky 
as  a part  of  her  quota.  A committee  was  despatched  to 
Washington,  and  through  the  influence  of  Secretary  Chase 


2i6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


and  Captain  Ball’s  father,  who  was  at  that  time  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  Southern  Ohio,  Captain  Ball’s 
company  and  those  encamped  with  him  were  accepted  by 
the  President,  who  ordered  them  to  proceed  to  Columbia, 
vrhere  Camp  Clay  was  established,  and  the  ist  and  2d  Ken- 
tucky Regiments  were  speedily  recruited  and  fully  organ- 
ized. Captain  Ball  was  offered  a staff  position  of  whichever 
of  those  regiments  he  might  desire,  but  declined  promotion, 
preferring  to  remain  with  the  men  whom  he  had  recruited, 
not  a few  of  whom  had  enlisted  with  the  understanding  that 
he  would  command  them.  Captain  Ball  elected  to  serve  in 
the  2d  Regiment,  of  which  Colonel  William  E.  Woodruff, 
of  Louisville,  an  experienced  officer,  was  chosen  to  com- 
mand. These  regiments  were  assigned  to  active  duty  in  the 
Kanawha  valley.  After  serving  through  the  West  'Virginia 
campaign  in  Brigadier-General  Cox’s  brigade,  the  1st  and 
2d  Kentucky  Regiments  established  a reputation  for  gal- 
lantry which  was  maintained  to  the  end  of  the  war.  These 
regiments,  in  January,  1862,  were  ordered  into  Kentucky, 
when  Captain  Ball,  being  physically  disabled  from  the  ef- 
fects of  typhoid  fever  to  keep  up  with  his  regiment,  and  not 
desiring  to  be  under  pay  without  rendering  to  the  govern- 
ment a quid  pro  quo,  resigned  his  commission.  In  May, 
1S62,  and  before  fully  restored  to  health,  he  was  appointed 
by  Mr.  Lincoln  an  additional  aide-de-camp  in  the  United 
.States  army,  with  the  rank  of  Captain,  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  John  E.  Wool,  and  assigned  to  duty  on  the  staff  of 
Major-General  Irvine  McDowell,  with  whom  he  served  until 
th.at  gallant  officer  was  relieved  from  command  of  the  3d 
Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Cincinnati  at  that  time  was 
threatened  by  General  Kirby  .Smith,  who  had  successfully 
raided  through  Kentucky.  Secretary  Stanton  sent  for 
and  asked  Captain  Ball  if  he  would  like  to  assist  in 
defending  his  fireside,  and  on  receiving  an  affirmative 
reply  wrote  with  his  own  hand  an  order  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  to  give  Captain  Ball  a fifteen  days’  leave  of 
absence,  who  thereupon  jtroceeded  to  Cincinnati  and 
tendered  his  services  to  Major-General  Lew  Wallace, 
then  in  command  of  that  city;  General  Wallace  appointed 
Ijim  as  aide  on  his  staff,  and  with  whom  he  served  until 
the  expiration  of  his  leave  of  absence.  General  Wallace 
made  him  the  bearer  of  his  official  report  of  the  siege 
of  Cincinnati,  and  immedi.ately  upon  Captain  Ball’s 
arrival  in  Washington  he  was  appointed  by  General  Ilal- 
leck  a member  of  the  commission  to  investigate  the 
surrender  of  Harper’s  Ferry.  Captain  Ball  accompanied 
General  McDowell  to  .St.  Louis,  whither  that  officer  was 
sent  to  investigate  the  cotton  frauds.  While  awaiting 
orders  he  served  as  Judge- Advocate  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  Cox,  then  in  command  of  the  District  of  Ohio, 
and  subsequently,  until  the  close  of  the  war,  as  Assistant 
Judge- Advocate  of  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  on 
the  staff  of  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas.  During 
the  war  Captain  Ball  married  Kate  Follett,  youngest  child 
of  Hon.  Oran  Follett,  of  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  politics. 


Captain  Ball  is  a Republican.  In  1872  he  took  a promi- 
nent part  in  organizing  the  Liberal  Republican  party,  and 
was  chosen  Presidential  elector  for  the  First  District  of 
Ohio,  on  the  Greeley  ticket.  Captain  Ball  has  resided  for 
the  past  six  years  in  Avondale,  a beautiful  and  thriving 
suburb  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  now  actively  eng.aged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native  city. 


ORGAN,  GEORGE  W.,  Eawyer  and  ex-Member 
of  Congress,  was  born  at  Washington,  Washing- 
ton county,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  20lh  of  Septem- 
ber, 1S20.  After  obtaining  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  common  schools  of  the  neighbor- 
hood he  entered  the  Washington  College.  Before 
he  had  entered  on  his  sixteenth  year  he  commenced  a 
military  career,  which,  in  later  life,  became  a brilliant  and 
memorable  one.  His  brother  had  organized  a company  to 
assist  Texas  in  securing  her  independence,  and  in  this 
company  George  Morgan  enlisted  as  a private  soldier.  In 
this  service  he  made  a fine  record,  passing  through  the 
grades  of  Sergeant,  Second  and  First  I.ieutenant,  until,  at 
the  age  of  eighteen,  he  reached  the  rank  of  Captain,  and 
commanded  the  military  post  on  Galveston  island.  Re- 
turning again  to  civil  life  he  went  to  Ohio,  and  in  the  year 
1843  settled  at  Mount  Vernon,  in  that  State.  He  had  de- 
termined on  adopting  the  legal  profession,  and  now  com- 
menced in  earnest  the  study  of  the  law,  completed  his 
course,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  became  the  partner  of 
his  preceptor.  In  1846,  however,  he  left  the  conflicts  of  the 
court  room  to  participate  again  in  those  of  the  battle  field. 
He  went  out  to  take  part  in  the  Mexican  war  as  commander 
of  the  2d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers.  He  served  under 
General  Taylor  until  the  time  of  his  regiment  had  expired. 
In  the  winter  of  1846-47  he  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
new  15th  Infantry,  which  he  commanded  under  General 
Scott  until  the  close  of  the  war.  For  the  gallantry  of  his 
services  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Cherubusco,  in  the 
latter  of  which  he  was  severely  wounded,  he  was  brevetted 
Brigadier-General  in  the  regular  army  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
seven.  The  war  ended  he  returned  home  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  but  another  interruption 
came,  in  a shape  which  attested  the  high  esteem  which  his 
abilities  and  accomplishments  had  won  for  him.  In  1855 
he  was  appointed  Consul  at  Marseilles,  which  position  he 
filled  most  creditably  and  satisfactorily.  In  1858  he  was 
transferred  from  the  consular  to  the  diplomatic  service,  as 
Minister  Resident  at  Lisbon.  From  diplomatic  service  he 
went  again  to  the  field.  When  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
broke  out,  in  1861,  he  entered  Jhe  army  as  a Brigadier- 
General  of  volunteers.  He  had  command  of  the  7th 
Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  and  was  with  General 
Sherman  at  Vicksburg.  He  was  promoted  to  the  command 
of  the  1st  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


217 


command  of  ihe  left  wing  of  the  army  at  the  taking  of  Fort 
Hindman,  in  Arkansas.  In  1863,  on  account  of  ill  healtli, 
he  resigned,  left  the  army  and  returned  to  his  home.  In 
politics,  he  is  a Democrat,  and  in  1865  he  was  candidate 
for  Governor  of  Ohio,  but  was  unsuccessful.  He  was 
elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  to  the  P’ortieth  Congress, 
and  his  seat  was  contested  by  Hon.  C.  Delano.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  again  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  where  the  record  he  made  was  a record  of  good 
abilities  and  strict  integrity.  After  leaving  Congress  he  re- 
turned again  to  Mount  Vernon,  where  he  has  since  resided 
in  the  successful  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  7th  of  October,  1851,  to  Sarah  H.  Hall,  of 
Zanesville. 


O) 

G- 

(. 


i' 


c.  .J 


HLER,  ELIAS  ANXAWALD,  Steamboat-joiner, 
was  born,  March  loth,  1820,  at  Aurora,  Dear- 
born county,  Indiana.  His  mother  was  Eliza- 
beth Annawald,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  both  his 
parents  were  of  German  origin.  He  was  edu- 
^ cated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  State,  at 
a time  when  pioneer  settlements  were  forming,  and  when 
the  facilities  for  anything  beyond  rudimentary  instruction 
were  not  obtainable  in  the  Western  Reserve.  These  were 
the  days  when  the  course  of  study,  usually  pursued  in  a 
backwoods  school,  was  covered  by  “ Dellworth’s  Arith- 
metic,” “ Webster’s  Speller”  and  the  “Testament.”  He 
left  Aurora  when  a young  man  and  went  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  worked  in  various  capacities,  hut  mainly  as  an 
employe  in  a tobacco  factory.  In  1832  he  went  to  Cincin- 
nati, and  was  engaged  in  a tobacco  factory  at  the  corner  of 
F'ourth  and  Main  streets,  where  “ Invisible  Green,”  latterly 
of  the  Times,  was  his  companion.  In  1834  he  became 
second  cook  in  the  steamer  “ Champlain,”  at  a salary  of  five 
dollare  a month.  Up  to  1835  he  served  in  this  culinary 
capacity,  and  also  as  cabin  boy  on  various  boats.  His 
venture  in  business  on  his  own  account  occurred  in  the 
same  year.  He  bought  three  gallons  of  whiskey  for  thirty- 
seven  cents  and  opened  a bar  on  the  steamer  “ Lady 
Byron,”  and  netted  on  these  three  gallons  twenty-six  dol- 
lars, after  giving  the  colored  steward,  who  acted  as  abettor 
and  backer  to  this  enterprise,  eleven  dollars.  The  boat 
went  eighty  miles  up  the  Ohio  and  laid  up  for  the  winter, 
and  Mr.  Ehler  was  obliged  to  buy  a skiff  in  order  to  reach 
. Cincinnati,  which  he  safely  did  after  rowing  the  entire  dis- 
tance. In  the  spring  of  1836  he  was  employed  in  a blind 
and  sash  factor)'.  He  accompanied  the  proprietor  of  the 
business  to  Rising  Sun,  where  they  got  out  the  timber  for 
the  boat  “ Renown,”  finished  the  joiner  work  and  brought 
the  vessel  to  Cincinnati  in  1837.  During  the  yellow  fever 
epidemic,  in  the  same  year,  he  made  a trip  to  New  Orleans 
on  the  “ Renown,”  and  upon  his  return  to  Cincinnati  he 
worked  as  an  apprentice  in  carpentering,  at  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1839.  His  surplus  earnings  during  these  years 
28 


were  devoted  to  providing  comforts  for  his  mother.  In  the 
year  last  mentioned  he  was  employed  as  a carpenter  on  the 
“ Bedford,”  at  a salary  of  forty-five  dollars  per  month.  This 
vessel  was  unfortunate,  sinking  in  the  Missouri  river  on 
March  20th,  1840.  Mr.  Ehler  worked  as  carpenter  on 
various  vessels  until  1849,  when,  in  company  with  Mr. 
Horsley,  he  started  in  the  carpenter  and  steamboat-joiner 
business,  and  has  ever  since  carried  it  on  successfully,  add- 
ing to  it,  after  it  had  run  some  years,  a lumber  department. 
In  1865  he  purchased  his  partner’s  interest,  and  is  now  sole 
proprietor  of  an  enterprise  which  has  secured  to  him  ample 
means  and  an  extended  reputation  as  a boat-builder.  His 
business  has  been  interrupted  by  misfortunes,  which,  how- 
ever, he  gallantly  surmounted.  During  the  thirty  years  he 
has  carried  it  on  he  has  been  burned  out  seven  times;  and 
lost  more,  perhaps,  by  the  rise  of  the  river  in  1847  he 
did  by  the  flames.  During  eighteen  years,  when  he  suffered 
mainly  from  fire,  he  carried  no  insurance ; but  now  is  amply 
covered  with  policies  on  his  establishment  as  well  as  upon 
his  own  life.  His  life  insurance  is  1^15,000,  and  that  of  his 
wife  $10,000.  He  relies  entirely  upon  his  own  judgment 
in  the  management  of  his  affairs,  and  believes  that  if  he  had 
always  pursued  this  course  he  would  have  enjoyed  a greater 
measure  of  success.  He  is  now  fifty-five  years  of  age  and 
in  the  possession  of  a strong  and  vigorous  constitution. 
He  is  now  the  only  steamboat-joimJr  in  business  in  Cincin- 
nati, and  looks  out  for  a happier  termination  of  his  active 
career  than  that  of  the  builders  and  joiners  who  once  sur- 
rounded him.  He  is  a substantial  citizen,  liberal  in  his 
opinions  and  generous  in  his  impulses,  and  has  won  the 
respect  of  the  entire  community.  He  was  married  in  1842 
to  Mary  J.  Dunn,  who  died  in  1849.  afterwards  mar- 
ried Fannie  A.  Perdum,  who  died  in  i860.  In  1865  he 
was  again  married,  his  wife  being  Harriet  L.  Dumont, 
daughter  of  John  J.  Dumont. 


ATHEWS,  REV.  JOSEPH  McDOWELL,  D.  D., 
President  of  Hillsborough  Female  College,  High- 
land county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Augusta  county, 
Virginia,  December  8th,  1804.  His  father,  John 
Mathews,  also  a native  of  Augusta  county,  \’ir- 
ginia,  followed  through  life  mainly  agricultural 
pursuits;  he  moved  to  Kentucky  in  1814  and  settled  in 
Fayette  county,  where  he  resided  until  his  demise,  Decem- 
ber i8th,  1814.  His  mother,  Sarah  (McDowell)  Mathews, 
a native  of  Burke  county.  North  Carolina,  was  a daughter 
of  Major  Joseph  McDowell,  who  served  valiantly  and 
efficiently  as  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  was  a 
member  of  Congress  during  the  Presidencies  of  Adams  and 
Jefferson,  and  was  general  of  the  old-time  militia  of  North 
Carolina;  he  died  in  Iturke  county.  North  Carolina,  in 
1801.  The  oldest  child  in  a family  of  four  children,  his 
earlier  years,  up  to  the  age  of  eighteen,  were  passed  alter- 


LIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDI  A. 


iiately  in  working  on  a farm  and  in  acquiring  at  school  a 
fair  elementary  education.  In  1822,  his  literary  attainments 
constituting  a useful  and  varied  store  of  learning,  he  as- 
sumed the  role  of  educator,  and  found  employment  in 
teaching  a subscription  school  at  Pisgah,  Woodford  county, 
Kentucky.  At  the  expiration  of  one  year,  spent  in  impart- 
ing instruction,  he  became  a student  in  the  academy  of  Dr. 
Louis  Marshall,  located  near  Pisgah,  and  in  the  three  years 
passed  in  this  establishment  pursued  an  exhaustive  course 
of  classical  and  mathematical  studies.  The  following 
season  was  consumed  in  visiting  friends  in  Virginia, 
whither  he  travelled  with  a view  to  strengthen  a rather  im- 
paired condition  of  health.  In  1827  he  settled  in  Hillsbor- 
ough, Highland  county,  Ohio,  and  took  charge  of  the  Hills- 
borough Academy,  an  institution  founded  by  Governor 
Allen  Trimble,  General  McDowell  and  other  prominent 
citizens.  Through  the  acceptance  of  the  invitation  then 
extended  to  him,  accordingly,  he  became  the  first  Superin- 
tendent of  the  academy.  Until  1831  he  was  assiduously 
engaged  in  the  discharge  of  the  onerous  duties  of  that 
position.  He  then  joined  the  Ohio  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  During  several  preceding 
years  he  had  preached  more  or  less  regularly,  and  had  se- 
cured favorable  attention  as  a local  preacher  in  Kentucky. 
After  remaining  for  two  years  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  where 
he  had  been  stationed,  and  performed  ministerial  duties  as 
an  itinerant  clergyman,  he  was  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  where  he  remained  for  one  year.  In  1834,  his  health 
being  in  a very  precarious  condition,  he  settled  on  a farm 
near  Hillsborough,  and  there  rested,  for  the  purpose  of 
regaining  his  lost  energies,  until  1839.  In  this  year  he 
started,  as  a private  enterprise,  the  Oakland  Female  Semi- 
nary, at  Hillsborough,  and  succeeded  in  ol)taining  a charter 
for  the  institution.  With  the  labors  incident  to  the  super- 
intendency of  this  school  he  was  intimately  identified  until 
1857.  He  afterward  took  charge  of  Hillsborough  T'emale 
College,  an  institution  established  by  the  influence  of  many 
influential  and  public-spirited  citizens  of  the  town.  In  the 
discharge  of  the  numerous  and  highly  important  duties  at- 
tached to  his  position  there  he  was  steadily  occupied  until 
i860,  when  he  relinquished  the  superinlendency,  and,  re- 
turning to  Kentucky,  took  charge  of  the  Jessamine  Female 
College,  at  Nicollettsville,  Kentucky.  Of  that  institution 
he  had  charge  until  1863,  when,  the  events  of  the  civil  war 
affecting  its  status,  he  returned  to  Hillsborough,  Ohio.  In 
the  course  of  the  same  year  he  took  charge  of  a private 
boarding-school,  and  there  administered  instruction  for  a 
period  of  nine  years.  In  the  meantime,  after  a second  in- 
vitation, he  accepted  the  Presidency  of  Hillsborough  Female 
College,  and  of  this  celebrated  institution  of  learning  has 
since  ably  acted  as  chief  and  head.  The  honorary  degree 
of  A.  M.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Augusta  College,  of 
Kentucky;  his  degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  on  him  sub- 
sequently by  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  Ohio.  Re- 
ligiously, his  sentiments  find  a congenial  atmosphere  within 


the  boundaries  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  which 
he  joined  while  in  his  eighteenth  year.  His  life  has  been 
one  of  great  usefulness  as  a Christian  counsellor  and  as  an 
educator,  while  his  career  in  public  and  in  private  circles 
has  been  a centre  from  which  has  radi.ated  at  all  times  and 
in  all  sea.sons  an  amount  of  good  whose  beneficial  influence, 
directly  and  indirectly,  is  of  incalculable  value.  Swayed 
by  quick  and  generous  sensibilities,  he  has  won  the  esteem, 
love  and  confidence  of  all  who  have  been  brought  into  con- 
tact with  him;  in  social  life  he  is  pleasant  and  courteous; 
his  conduct,  viewed  from  a political  standpoint,  has  ever 
been  based  upon  a jiure  and  disinterested  love  of  his 
country  and  an  inflexible  determination  to  resist  the  at- 
tenqrls  of  all  to  undermine  the  unity  of  the  republic.  He 
was  married  in  1828  to  Elizabeth  A.  Barry,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Barry,  a native  of  Virginia,  who  died  in  1S52;  and 
again,  in  1854,  to  Mrs.  Martha  P.  .Sanders,  a native  of 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  and  a sister  of  Judge  Philip  Strong, 
of  Batavia,  Ohio,  who  died  in  1858;  and  again,  in  1869,  to 
Mrs.  Mary  B.  Harmar,  a native  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  a 
daughter  of  a British  army  officer;  she  was  born  in  Ireland 
while  her  family  was  temporarily  stopping  there.  By  his 
first  marriage  he  had  one  child ; two  children  were  the 
fruits  of  his  second  marriage ; by  his  third  marriage  he  has 
had  no  child.  He  was  the  author  of  two  small  works  for 
the  benefit  of  the  young:  “ Letters  to  School  Girls,”  pub- 
lished by  the  Methodist  Book  Concern  in  Cincinnati,  in 
1853;  “Sermons  to  .School  Girls,”  published  by  the  Meth- 
odist Book  Concern  in  New  York,  in  1867. 

tOMERENE,  JULIUS  C.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born  in  Salt  Creek  township.  Holmes  county,  Ohio, 
June  27lh,  1835.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  his  father  was  a farmer  in  com- 
^ ^ fortable  circumstances.  His  is  the  only  family  of 

the  name  that  has  emigrated  from  France  to  Am- 
erica,  his  paternal  grandfather  having  come  to  this  country 
with  General  Lafayette,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  settled 
in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  attended  a district 
school  in  his  native  place  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of 
age,  in  the  meantime  working  on  a farm  during  the  summer 
months.  He  then  pursued  a course  of  higher  studies  for 
two  terms  in  Mount  Union  College,  employing  himself  in 
the  intermediate  terms  by  teaching  school.  After  passing  .a 
subsequent  term  in  the  academy  at  Hayesville  he  taught  for 
two  years  in  a select  school  in  Middletown,  Holmes  county. 
In  the  summer  of  1857  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Hoagland  & Reed,  in  Millersburg,  under 
whose  preceptorship  he  remained  for  one  year.  He  then 
attended  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law  College,  at  Cleve- 
land, where,  at  the  expiration  of  one  year,  he  graduated  in 
June,  1859.  In  the  following  November  he  entered  on  the 
active  practice  of  his  profession  in  Coshocton,  with  Colonel 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


219 


Josiah  Given,  \vilh  whom  he  was  connected  until  May, 
1S61.  He  then  practised  alone  until  September,  1862,  at 
which  date  he  associated  himself  with  B.  S.  Lee,  and  with 
him  continued  his  professional  labors  until  May,  1868, 
when  the  present  Law  firm,  consisting  of  him  and  E.  T. 
Spangler,  was  formed.  He  has  a leading  practice  in  the 
courts  of  Coshocton  county,  and  practises  his  profession  in 
the  Supreme  Court  at  Columbus  and  in  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio.  He  was  married, 
April  8th,  1S62,  to  Irene  Perky,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  F. 
Perky,  of  Findlay,  Hancock  county. 


>OGE,  GENERAL  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
was  born  near  Belmont,  Belmont  county,  Ohio, 
February  22d,  1832.  His  parents,  Asa  Hoge 
and  Asenath  Ann  (Mead)  Hoge,  were  natives 
of  Loudon  county,  Virginia.  His  grandfathers 
were  Isaac  Hoge  and  Samuel  Mead.  His  father, 
yet  living,  has  resided  in  the  State  from  territorial  times. 
His  earlier  years  were  passed  on  the  prternal  farm  where 
his  father  had  settled  when  the  surrounding  country  was  a 
sparsely  settled  wilderness.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  located  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home,  and  was 
also  educated  partly  in  a private  school  at  Barnesville,  Bel- 
mont county.  In  1852,  1853  >§54  he  taught  in  public 

schools  in  the  counties  of  Guernsey  and  Belmont.  He  then 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Benjamin 
S.  Cowen,  St.  Clairsville,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
December  3d,  1855.  He  was  then  professionally  occupied 
in  Belmont  county  until  January,  1862,  when  he  w.is  ap- 
pointed Chief  Clerk  of  the  Secretary  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  until  his  enlistment  in  the  Union  army, 
July  8th,  1862.  He  entered  the  service  in  the  126th 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  On  organizing 
Company  B,  in  August,  1862,  he  was  elected  First  Lieuten- 
ant, and  mustered  as  such.  June  25th,  1863,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a Captaincy,  and  served  in  Virginia  and  Mainland 
until  transferred,  in  November,  1864,  to  the  command  of 
the  183d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  From 
July,  1S63,  until  March,  1864,  he  was  with  the  3d  Army 
Corps,  and  subsequently  was  attached  to  the  3d  Division 
of  the  6th  Army  Corps.  He  commanded  his  regiment  in 
several  engagements  and  was  three  times  wounded,  while 
upon  two  other  occasions  his  clothes  were  pierced  with 
bullets.  On  the  evening  of  the  5th  and  the  morning  and 
evening  of  the  6th  of  May  he  was  engaged  in  the  battles 
of  the  Wilderness;  served  at  .Spottsylvania,  May  9th  to  the 
1 2th  ; was  at  Cold  Harbor,  June  ist  and  3d,  and  on  the  22d 
at  Peter>burg;  participated  in  the  movement  at  Monocacy, 
July  9th;  was  present,  September  19th,  at  Opequam,  or 
Winchester;  and,  September  21st  and  22(1,  took  part  in  the 
action  at  I'isher’s  Hill.  On  October  19th  he  served  at 
Cedar  Run,  and  was  a participant  also  at  the  battles  of 


Franklin  and  Nashville,  or  Brentwood  Hills,  Tennessee,  in 
November  and  December.  March  13th,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct,  he  was  promoted  from  the  Col- 
onelcy of  the  183d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  to 
the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  by  brevet.  He  was  mustered 
out  of  the  service  in  July,  1865,  and  subsequently  resumed 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  connection  with  his  father-in-law, 
with  whom  he  was  associated  until  December  22d,  1S67. 
When  in  partnership  with  General  B.  R.  Cowen,  now 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  he  established  in 
Bellaire  the  private  bank  with  which  he  is  still  connected. 
The  present  style  of  the  house  is  Hoge,  Sheets  & Co.,  and 
was  formerly  Hoge  & Cowen,  the  former  name,  owing 
to  the  addition  of  new  partners,  having  been  adopted  July 
1st,  1869.  He  is  also  President  of  the  Belmont  Glass 
Works  and  of  the  Bellaire  Street  Railroad  Company,  an 
enterprise  projected  and  put  into  operation  in  a great 
measure  through  his  efforts.  He  is  Register  in  Bankruptcy 
for  the  Sixteenth  Congressional  District,  having  been  ap- 
pointed to  this  position  by  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Chief-Justice. 
Pie  has  also  been  several,  times  a member  of  the  City 
Council  and  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  has  held 
various  other  public  offices.  He  is  interested  in  the  build- 
ing and  real  estate  development  of  his  town,  and  was  an 
efficient  coworker  in  the  establishment  of  the  Bellaire 
Manufacturing  Company.  He  is  interested  also  in  the 
National  Glass  Manufacturing  Company,  and  was  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  Bellaire  Water- 
works. He  was  married,  December  loih,  1857,  to  Mary 
T.  Cowen,  daughter  of  Hon.  Benjamin  R.  Cowen. 


I ALLENBERG,  I.OUIS,  Manager  of  the  Cincinnati 
Grand  Orchestra,  was  born,  July  22(1,  1840,  at 
Frankfort-on-tbe-Main.  His  father  was  concerned 
in  the  German  Revolution  of  1848,  and  when  the 
persecutions  were  instituted  he  was  compelled  to 
seek  an  asylum  in  the  United  States.  Louis 
commenced  his  musical  education  in  Europe,  under  the 
direction  of  his  father,  who  was  a musician,  and  his  first 
efforts  were  on  the  piano  and  flute.  Upon  his  arrival  in 
Cincinnati,  in  1852,  he  spent  tliree  years  in  mercantile 
service.  Mr.  J.  M.  Strobel,  the  most  ])rominent  orchestral 
leader  in  the  city  at  that  time,  discovered  Mr.  Ballenberg’s 
ability  as  a musician  and  induced  him  to  take  a place  in 
his  band.  He  first  came  into  requisition  as  a substitute  in 
the  place  of  the  chief  flutist,  being  a player  of  unusual  taste 
and  skill  on  the  flute.  In  1863  Henry  Hahn  assumed  the 
leadership  of  the  orchestra  at  Pike’s  ffpera  House,  and 
under  him  Mr.  Ballenberg  commenced  his  first  regular 
engagement.  He  remained  with  this  company  until  the 
burning  of  the  opera  house,  in  1866.  During  this  period, 
however,  he  made  a number  of  tours  through  the  country 
in  connection  with  Grail’s  Italian  Cfpera  Troupe.  He  was 


220 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


for  some  time  engaged  witli  the  orchestra  at  the  OiJ  Drury, 
or  National  Theatre,  when  it  was  under  the  management 
of  Mr.  Colville.  He  then  arranged  with  R.  E.  J.  Miles  to 
manage  and  supply  his  orchestras,  a position  which  he  has 
since  held  and  which  secured  for  him  the  management  of 
the  orchestra  at  the  Grand  Opera  House.  He  has,  how- 
ever, during  this  arrangement  fdled  many  engagements  as 
llute  soloist  in  other  cities.  During  a tour  with  the  English 
Opera  Troupe  his  father  died,  leaving  the  support  of  his 
family  to  him.  After  visits  of  the  Thomas’  Orchestra  to 
Cincinnati  he  conceived  the  idea  of  organizing  a first-class 
orchestra  of  home  talent,  and  took  immediate  steps  to  carry 
out  this  idea.  He  engaged  a number  of  superior  musicians, 
and  secured  Mr.  George  Brand,  the  talented  violinist,  as 
director  of  the  new  organization.  Mr.  Ballenberg  had  now 
mastered  the  difficult  art  of  controlling  a large  body  of  in- 
strumentalists, and  in  1872  the  Cincinnati  Orchestra,  with 
thirty-six  performers,  gave  its  first  series  of  concerts.  The 
favor  and  support  of  the  patrons  of  music  in  that  city  were 
at  once  enlisted  by  the  splendid  success  of  this  first  venture. 
Mr.  Ballenberg  now  took  every  step  which  in  his  judgment 
would  increase  the  artistic  ability  of  the  organization.  To- 
day it  takes  rank  as  the  leading  orchestra  of  the  West,  and 
is  doing  great  service  in  developing  and  improving  musical 
taste  and  culture  in  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Ballenberg  is  yearly 
adding  to  the  numerical  strength  of  the  orchestra,  the  con- 
ductorship  of  which  is  now  held  by  Michael  Brand,  a 
gentleman  of  fine  discrimination  and  unquestioned  musical 
genius.  After  eneountering  many  dismaying  obstacles  Mr. 
Ballenberg  has  made  this  orchestra  an  established  institu- 
tion, and  has  the  satisfaction  of  noting  that  it  gains  in 
public  esteem  and  confidence  daily.  The  leading  positions 
in  the  company  are  filled  by  gentlemen  who  have  a high 
reputation  as  soloists.  Mr.  Ballenberg  has  a large  stock  of 
classic  music  and  musical  literature,  and  has  devoted  him- 
self with  creditable  enthusiasm  to  the  elevation  of  orchestral 
music.  His  efforts  have  secured  for  him  the  respect  and 
admiration  of  the  lovers  of  the  art  in  Cincinnati. 


’^UNNINGHAM,  JOHN  S.,  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, was  born  in  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania, 


February  4th,  1833.  He  is  of  Scotch  extraction, 
and  received  his  elementary  education  in  the 
common  schools  located  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
home,  and  also  in  the  Poland  Academy,  Ohio, 
and  the  Allegheny  College,  in  Meadville,  Pennsylvania. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  at  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  College,  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania. Since  1862  he  has  been  engaged  in  iirofessional 
and  successful  labors  in  Youngstown,  Ohio,  where,  and 
also  throughout  the  surrounding  country,  he  is  esteemed  as 
an  able  and  reliable  practitioner.  At  the  present  time 


he  is  a valued  member  of  the  Board  of  Health  of  Youngs- 
town, and  is  one  of  the  more  prominent  and  influential 
citizens  of  that  flourishing  town.  He  was  married  in  1S61 
to  Sarah  R.  Campbell,  of  Plain  Grove,  Lawrence  county, 
Pennsylvania. 


UGGLES,  I-ION.  BENJAMIN,  United  .Stales  Sen- 
ator and  second  President  Judge  of  the  Third 
Circuit  of  Ohio,  was  born  at  Woodstock,  Wind- 
ham county,  Connecticut,  February  21st,  1783. 
This  town  was  originally  named  Roxburry.  His 
father  was  a farmer  in  moderate  circumstances, 
who  intended  that  his  sons  should  be  educated  for  the 
ministry.  This  intention  was  thwarted  by  the  loss  of  his 
property.  He  became  surety  for  a neighbor,  and  by  the 
default  of  the  latter  his  means  were  all  swept  aw.iy.  He 
died  when  Benjamin  was  eight  years  old,  leaving  his  family 
in  straitened  circumstances.  Benjamin  studied  at  the 
Brooklyn  Academy,  and  after  his  graduation  from  this  in- 
stitution he  read  law  wdlh  Judge  Peters,  of  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  city.  In  1807 
he  moved  to  Ohio,  settling  in  Marietta,  Washington  county, 
where  he  pursued  with  great  success  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  His  profound  learning,  his  skill  and  care  as  a 
counsellor,  his  power  for  rapid  analyzation  and  conclusive 
argument,  at  once  commanded  not  only  professional  hut 
public  attention,  and  he  carved  his  wmy  quickly  to  the  front 
rank  of  the  jurists  of  the  day.  In  1810  he  was  elected  by 
the  Republicans  in  the  Legislature  to  succeed  Calvin  Peas 
as  President  Judge  of  the  Third  Circuit,  and  was  the  second 
incumbent  of  that  judicial  office.  Shortly  after  he  moved 
from  Marietta  to  St.  Clairsville,  and  in  the  year  1S12  he 
went  to  Connecticut,  where  he  was  married,  and  brought 
his  wife  to  Ohio.  She  died  in  1817,  and  in  1825  he  was 
again  married.  He  lacked  the  gifts  of  an  orator,  and  failed 
to  make  that  impression  of  substantial  ability  as  successfully 
in  open  court  as  in  chambers.  He  was  not  distinguished  as 
an  advocate,  but  as  a consulting  attorney  he  had,  perhaps, 
few  superiors  in  the  country.  In  1815  he  was  elected  by 
the  legislature  to  the  United  Slates  Senate,  and  resigned 
the  office  of  Judge,  after  having  ably  filled  it  for  five  years, 
to  enter  upon  his  new  duties.  Being  very  popular  with  his 
large  constituency  in  Ohio,  he  was  twice  re-elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  during  his  career  in  that  body 
he  rendered  valuable,  if  not  brilliant,  services  both  to  his 
State  and  the  nation.  He  was  president  of  the  caucus  held 
in  Washington  that  nominated  William  H.  Crawford,  of 
Georgia,  for  the  Presidency,  at  the  time  when  Clay,  Adams 
and  Jackson  were  in  the  field.  At  that  period  Martin  Van 
Buren  and  Judge  Ruggles  were  political  friends,  and  quite 
an  extensive  correspondence  was  carried  on  between  them 
during  the  campaign.  The  Judge  was  for  a long  time 
Chairman  of  llie  Cuinmiltee  of  Claims  in  the  United  States 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


221 


Senate,  and  was  favorably  spoken  of  in  1S40  for  the  Vice- 
Presidency,  being  strongly  sup|iorted  by  several  journals 
throughout  the  country.  When  fifty  years  of  age  he  retired 
from  political  life  and  gave  his  attention  to  his  farm,  and 
more  especially  to  the  cultivation  of  fruit.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  introducing  to  the  growers  of  that  section  some 
of  the  choicest  varieties.  P'or  a time,  after  the  expiration 
of  his  last  term  as  Senator,  he  was  President  of  the  Bank 
of  St.  Clair.sville.  He  died,  aher  a brief  illness,  at  his 
residence  in  that  place,  on  September  2d,  1S57.  Judge 
Ruggles  enjoyed  in  an  eminent  degree  the  confidence  of 
the  Senate,  and  was  greatly  respected  in  his  professional 
and  private  career.  He  was  a firm  believer  in  the  great 
truths  of  Christianity,  and  exerted  wherever  he  went,  or 
wherever  he  was  known,  an  excellent  moral  influence. 
He  was  liberal  in  his  views  and  generous  in  his  impulses, 
and  contributed  to  the  advancement  of  all  worihy  move- 
ments in  the  interest  of  the  well-being  of  his  fellow- 
citizens.  When  he  died  the  Slate  lost  an  able  man 
and  society  a beloved  member. 


^AVLOR,  DAVID  D.,  Editor  and  Politician,  was 
born  near  Fairview,  Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  July 
24th,  1842,  being  one  of  nine  sons  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Virginia,  but  were  raised  in  Ohio. 
His  father  was  a farmer  in  moderate  circum- 
stances, who  during  the  latter  portion  of  his  life 
engaged  quite  successfully  in  the  practice  of  law.  David 
received  his  education  in  the  common  and  select  schools, 
and  for  a time  at  a school  taught  by  General  George  W. 
Hoge.  When  eighteen  years  old  he  became  an  apprentice 
in  a newspaper  office,  where  he  remained  a few  months, 
and,  the  rebellion  having  just  begun,  then  joined  the  85111 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  as  a private,  serving  with  that 
command  four  months,  the  term  of  his  enlistment.  He  re- 
turned to  Cambridge  and  re-entered  the  newspaper  office, 
teaching  in  the  winters  in  some  of  the  county  and  village 
schools.  In  1866  he  became  associate  editor  of  the 
Guernsey  Times,  a journal  started  by  Mr.  John  Aiken  in 
1824.  In  1868  he  obtained  a partnership  interest  in  this 
paper,  and  held  it  until  January  1st,  1872,  during  which 
time  that  journal  steadily  advanced  in  influence  and  greatly 
increa.sed  its  circulation.  He  was  ajipointed  County  School 
Examiner,  filling  the  duties  of  this  office  for  a term  of  three 
years.  In  January,  1874,  he  re-purchased  his  former  in- 
terest in  the  Guernsey  Times.  Mr.  Taylor  is  an  easy, 
graceful  and  forcible  writer,  thoroughly  versed  in  political 
affairs,  in  the  discussion  of  which  he  has  been,  whenever 
great  issues  were  at  stake,  very  prominent.  He  is  an  enler- 
l>rising  newspaper  man,  thoroughly  alive  to  the  needs  of  an 
influential  journal,  and  has  in  this  professional  labor  earned 
a high  as  well  as  extended  reputation.  In  .May,  1875,  he 
was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Cambiidgc,  and  discharged 


the  duties  of  that  office  with  intelligence  and  zeal.  He 
was  married,  December  28th,  1871,  to  Martha  Craig,  of 
that  city,  who  is  a graduate  of  Ohio  Wesleyan  Female  Col- 
lege, of  Delaware,  taught  the  Cambridge  High  School,  and 
at  times  writes  with  ability  for  her  husband’s  newspaper. 


^i^^AVLOR,  J.  BYRON,  Lawyer  and  Editor,  was 
born,  April  26th,  1835,  ^ '''sar  Fairview, 

Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  upon  which  he  was 
reared.  He  received  a common  school  educa- 
tion, and  studied  with  so  much  assiduity  and 
intelligence  that  he  was  very  soon  able  to  teach, 
and  when  twenty  commenced  life  as  a tutor,  conducting 
village  schools,  and  subsequently  the  Union  school,  of  Wil- 
liamsburg, Ohio,  of  which  he  was  superintendent  for  several 
years.  While  teaching  he  steadily  labored  for  a collegiate 
training,  and  attended  during  portions  of  each  year  Madison 
College,  and  afterwards  Allegheny  College,  Meadville, 
Pennsylvania.  Upon  leaving  this  institution  he  read  law 
with  J.  D.  Taylor,  of  Cambridge,  Ohio,  and  graduated  at 
the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1866,  and  practised  his  pro- 
fession for  some  years  in  that  city.  In  the  spring  of  1S75 
he  returned  to  Cambridge,  where  he  became  one  of  the 
editors  and  jjroprietors  of  the  Guernsey  Times,  contributing 
his  skill  and  influence  as  a writer,  and  fine  business  tpiali- 
ties  as  a manager,  to  secure  the  great  prosperity  that  journal 
now  enjoys.  He  was  married  on  the  8th  of  May,  1S73,  to 
E.  C.  Ceilings,  of  Camden,  New  Jersey. 


I 


cELROY,  ZENAS  COLLINS,  Physician,  is  a 
native  of  Ohio,  having  been  horn  in  Belmont 
county  on  the  2d  of  September,  1815.  On  his 
father’s  side  he  is  of  Irish  extraction,  his  father 
having  come  to  this  countiy  from  Ireland  in  the 
year  1790,  and  settled  in  1803  in  Ohio,  where  he 
at  first  engaged  in  farming,  and  subsequently  entered  the 
ministry  and  labored  for  over  thirty  years  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  The  mother  of  Dr.  McElrcry  was  a native 
of  Maiyland.  The  time  of  his  youth  was  not  a favorable 
one  for  acquiring  an  education  in  the  region  where  that 
youth  was  passed.  He  was  compelled  to  content  himself 
with  such  opportunities  as  were  afforded  by  the  district 
schools  of  the  region,  and  those  opportunities  were  by  no 
means  brilliant.  Such  as  they  were  he  made  the  most  of 
them  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  then  he 
was  jdaced  in  a store  in  the  capacity  of  clerk.  The  duties 
of  this  position  he  continued  to  perform  until  he  was 
twenty-seven  years  of  age,  all  the  time  pursuing  a rigid 
system  of  self-culture,  and  then  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Drs.  Boerstler  and  Edwards,  of  Lancaster, 
Ohio.  Afterwards  he  entered  the  medical  department  of 


222 


BIOGRArillCAL  E.NXYCLOr.EDIA. 


the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  there  in  the 
year  1845.  He  settled  in  Newark,  Ohio,  and  there  began 
tlie  practice  of  his  profession.  He  remained  in  Newark 
for  a period  of  five  years,  and  then,  in  1850,  removed  to 
Zanesville,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  where  his 
practice  rapidly  grew  until  it  became  very  large.  His  repu- 
tation, not  only  as  a practitioner,  but  as  a contributor  to  the 
medical  journals  of  the  day,  has  extended  to  Europe,  where 
his  name  and  his  contributions  to  medical  literature  are 
known  to  the  profession.  For  the  last  ten  years  he  has 
been  an  industrious  writer  for  the  American  as  well  as  for 
the  London  medical  press.  The  purpose  of  his  published 
papers  has  been  to  explain  the  phenomena  of  life,  in  health 
and  disease,  on  a purely  physical  basis;  in  other  words,  to 
bring  physiology,  pathology  and  therapeutics  within  the 
domain  of  physical  or  exact  science.  He  claims  to  have 
discovered  the  function  of  the  lymphatic  system  ; and  that 
that  function  is  the  separation  from  the  general  debris  oi  the 
tissues,  as  they  are  wasted  in  functional  duty,  of  the  special 
material  in  which  each  organic  structure  stores  up  the  force 
for  its  own  reproduction  from  new  material,  and  its  union 
with  the  ingoing  stream  of  new  material  at  a proper  time 
and  place.  And  that,  seemingly,  the  only  proper  place 
and  time  in  a living  human  body  is  jirst  where  it  actually 
occurs,  to  wit:  just  before  entering  the  right  auricle,  on 
its  path  to  the  lungs.  The  lymph,  as  it  is  called,  he 
claims,  is  the  exact  analogue  of  a vegetable  seed,  animal 
eggs,  or  other  germ,  and  fulfils  all  the  ends  actually  accom- 
plished by  either,  or  all  of  them,  in  the  preservation,  per- 
petuation and  multiplication  of  their  special  forms,  or  types, 
in  organic  life,  animal  or  vegetable;  and  exactly  fulfils 
every  requisite  condition  for  the  assimilation  of  new 
materials  to  the  types  and  forms  of  structure  of  the  bodies 
of  living  beings  during  their  natural  lives,  which  we  all 
know  is  actually  occurring  in  our  own  bodies  all  the  time 
during  life.  And  it  satisfactorily  accounts  for  that  personal 
identity  through  life,  with  changing  material,  which  is  the 
undisputed  possession  of  each  individual  ; while  the  physical 
death  of  the  parents  is  at  once  a necessity  and  guarantee  of 
individuality,  and  hence  of  immortality  and  a future  state. 
Dr.  McElroy  finds  it  impossible  to  reconcile  the  entity,  or 
almost  personality  identity  of  so-called  disease,  as  now  re- 
garded and  insisted  upon  in  and  out  of  the  profession,  with 
now  known  facts  of  the  unity  of  materials  and  forces  run- 
ning througlf  all  organic  life.  So-called  disease,  or  diseased 
action  in  living  bodies,  cannot  be  anything  else  than  modi- 
fications of  processes  natural  in  health.  Acute  disease,  so- 
called,  being  for  tbe  most  part  in  the  interest  of  continued 
life,  by  removing,  by  combustion,  or  peroxidation,  structure 
which  has  lost  its  physiological  dynamic  capacities;  and 
chronic  diseases,  so-called,  depending  for  the  most  part  on 
modifications  of  the  structural  arrangement  of  the  m.aterials 
actually  composing  living  tissues,  as  demonstrated  by 
changed  or  lost  functions,  has  also  a conservative  tendency, 
and  are  not,  as  generally  regarded,  enemies  to  life.  He 


was  the  first  President  of  the  Muskingum  County  Medical 
Society,  before  which  body  he  has  read  many  of  his  papers 
previous  to  their  imblication.  He  is  now  a Fellow  and  the 
C Jiresponding  Secretary  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  and 
is  also  Physician  to  the  Home  of  the  Friendless,  etc.,  etc. 
He  was  married  in  the  year  1846  to  Elizabeth  Alice  Block- 
som,  daughter  of  Hon.  William  Blocksom,  of  Zanesville. 


AXES,  CAPTAIN  FRANK  J.,  Merchant,  Iron 
Master,  Steamboat  Proprietor,  and  Hotel  Keeper, 
was  born,  September  12th,  1821,  in  Gallipolis, 
Ohio,  his  parents  being  of  French  descent,  and 
among  the  first  settlers  of  that  town.  He  re- 
ceived a fair  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
place,  and  when  thirteen  years  old  went  to  Portsmouth, 
where  he  started  in  life  by  becoming  a clerk  in  the  store  of 
Charles  A.  M.  Damarin,  one  of  the  most  honorable  and 
upright  citizens  in  the  community.  He  served  him  faith- 
fully from  boyhood  to  manhood,  some  eleven  years  al- 
together. In  1846  he  became  associated  with  his  former 
employer  in  conducting  a wholesale  grocery  business,  and 
continued  in  the  same  very  successfully  for  about  ten  years, 
and  retired  v/ith  a competency.  He  was  subsequently  in- 
duced to  embark  in  a rolling  mill  and  other  iron  interests, 
and  while  so  engaged  built  two  of  the  first  stone-coal  fur- 
naces in  southern  Ohio,  and  manufactured  the  first  stone- 
coal  iron  in  that  section.  Being  the  pioneer  in  this  line  of 
business  he  I^ad  much  to  learn  ; and  he  found  his  enterprise 
did  not,  by  any  means,  prove  remunerative.  He,  therefore, 
abandoned  the  undertaking,  leaving  it  to  others  to  prosecute 
and  reap  where  he  had  sown.  In  1859  he  became  actively 
interested  in  steamboating,  first  as  clerk  on  the  “ Grey 
Eagle,”  Captain  G.  Donnally,  the  pioneer  boat  in  the  trade 
between  Pomeroy  and  Cincinnati ; and  subsequently  filled 
a similar  position  on  other  crafts.  In  1862  he  built  the 
“ Imperial,”  commanding  and  running  her  for  between  two 
and  three  years.  He  finally  sold  her,  and  built  the  “ Peer- 
less,” which  he  ran  for  a few  years  until  she  was  lost  near 
Cairo.  She  made  trips  on  the  Gulf,  and  was  the  first  to 
enter  Montgomery,  continuing  on  the  Alabama  river  for  a 
part  of  the  season.  He  afterwards  commanded  different 
boats  in  various  places  until  1867,  when  he  built  and  com- 
manded the  “Alaska”  in  the  Cincinnati  and  New  Orleans 
trade,  continuing  therein  until  1871,  when  he  concluded  to 
leave  the  river.  He  then  became  interested  in  the  Craw- 
ford House,  where  he  remained  until  the  autumn  of  1873, 
when  he  resumed  command  of  the  “Alaska”  in  the  same 
rade,  until  her  loss  by  sinking  near  Tiptonville  on  the 
Mi.ssissippi  river.  This  ended  his  steamboat  career,  and, 
n May,  1874,  he  again  became  proprietor  of  the  Crawford 
House,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  operating  it  as  a first- 
class  hotel.  To  Captain  Oakes  is  undoubtedly  due  the 
credit  of  having  been  the  originator  of  the  Jackson  county 


t;'.' 


¥ 


f y » 


> 


r 


■ L/*  - 

kJ^ 


» 

■» 

!«  > 


t_*.- 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOI’/EDIA. 


223 


Mone-coal  iron  business;  be  being  the  first  to  demonstrate  | 
the  feasibility  of  making  iron  with  this  variety  of  coal.  He  ^ 
was  married  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  to  Frances  II.,  daughter  j 
of  Charles  Oscar  Tracy,  one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens 
and  lawyers  of  that  section. 


ULLEX,  THOMAS,  Contracting  Builder,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  was  born  in  county  Monaghan, 
Ireland,  July  22d,  1839.  His  family,  who  were 
of  Scotch  descent,  were  of  the  agricultural  class 
in  the  north  of  Ireland.  He  attended  the  schools 
of  his  native  country  until  1854,  when  he  went 
alone  to  Toronto,  Canada,  where  he  continued  his  studies 
for  a time.  In  1855  he  apprenticed  himself  to  the  car- 
penter’s trade  at  M'ardsville,  Canada  West,  and  served 
faithfully  through  his  full  term.  After  its  expiration,  in 
1858,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  a jour- 
neyman at  his  trade,  and  so  continued  until  the  outbreak 
of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  in  1861.  Promptly  on  the  call 
for  volunteers,  in  April,  he  enlisted  for  three  months,  and 
having  served  through  that  term  enlisted  in  the  54th 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  September,  for  three 
years,  or  during  the  war;  and,  having  re-enlisted,  served 
until  the  muster  out  of  his  regiment,  September  15th,  1865. 
He  participated  in  every  engagement  in  which  his  regiment 
took  part,  and  was  with  General  W,  T.  Sherman  in  all  his 
memorable  campaigns.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  engaged  in  business  on  his  own  account,  and 
soon  became  one  of  the  most  reliable,  active  and  skilful 
builders  of  that  city.  His  career  has  been  one  of  uninter- 
rupted prosperity,  and  he  has  contributed  much  to  the  im- 
provement of  the  city  by  the  erection  of  substantial  and 
elegant  public  buildings,  stores  and  private  residences. 
The  commodious  building  erected  for  the  City  Infirmary, 
various  model  public  school  buildings,  and  dwellings  of  the 
leading  and  opulent  citizens  attest  his  skill  and  taste.  He 
has  never  aspired  to  nor  accepted  a political  office.  Though 
he  has  not  yet  reached  the  meridian  of  life,  his  enterprise 
and  energy  have  secured  for  him  that  recognition  which 
places  himjn  the  foremost  ranks  of  the  self-made  men  of 
the  Queen  City. 


I LSIIOP,  WILLIAM  T.,  Merchant,  ex-President  of 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Elizaville,  Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  April 
29th,  1835.  He  is  the  oldest  son  of  Hon.  R.  M. 
Bishop,  whose  sketch  appears  in  this  volume. 
His  father  moved  to  Cincinnati,  March  1st,  1848.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  this  city  and  also  in  the 
Woodward  College.  While  in  his  seventeenth  year  he 


entered  the  wholesale  grocery  house  of  Bishop,  M ells  & 
Co.,  in  which  his  father  was  the  senior  partner.  For  many 
subsequent  years  he  was  constantly  occupied  by  exacting 
business  duties,  acting  as  head  salesman  for  the  firm. 
When  the  new  house,  R.  M.  Bishop  & Co.,  came  into  ex- 
istence, in  1855,  he  was  admitted  as  a partner,  and  since 
that  date  has  devoted  his  time  and  energies,  with  tireless 
assiduity,  to  the  interests  of  his  firm,  his  keen  perception 
and  excellent  administrative  abilities  qualifying  him  ad- 
mirably for  the  responsible  position  in  which  he  is  placed. 
The  trade  of  this  house,  under  able  and  systematic  man- 
agement, has  within  the  past  few  years  increased  to  such  an 
extent  that  its  present  business  relations  and  connections 
are  unsurpassed  for  value  in  the  western  country,  the 
amount  of  sales  having  aggregated  about  tliree  millions  of 
dollars.  In  April,  1871,  he  was  elected,  as  a Democrat,  to 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  from  the  Eighteenth  Ward,  by  a 
large  majority,  although  that  ward  constituted  the  strongest 
Republican  section  of  the  city.  So  notable  and  efficient 
were  his  services  in  this  body  that  in  1873  he  was  again 
urged  to  accept  a renomination.  After  reluctantly  consent- 
ing to  meet  the  desires  of  his  fellow-townsmen,  he  was  re- 
elected by  a handsome  majority.  He  was  then  elected 
President  of  the  Board,  and  bore  himself  so  excellently 
while  acting  in  this  capacity  that  in  1874  he  was  unani- 
mously re-elected  to  the  chair.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  in  1875,  he  absolutely  declined  a re-election.  In., 
March  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  of  which  he  had  been  a member  for  some 
time,  and  which  is  composed  of  the  leading  merchants  and 
manufacturers  of  Cincinnati.  He  was  also  appointed  by 
lion.  G.  W.  C.  Johnston,  in  1875,  one  of  the  Park  Com- 
missioners. Though  not  a brilliant  reasoncr,  he  possesses 
that  intuitive  perception  of  right  and  justice  which  enables 
one  to  grasp  in  an  instant  all  the  essential  points  of  a 
subject,  and  draw  a conclusion  which  is  seldom  erroneous. 
Prompt,  far-seeing  and  active  as  a business  man,  nothing 
escapes  his  observation,  while  his  merits  as  an  adminis- 
trator are  certainly  second  to  those  of  but  few  men. 


AVIS,  SAMUEL,  retired  Merchant  and  senior 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Cincin- 
nati, was  born,  P'ebruary  1st,  1802,  in  Brighton, 
Massachusetts,  and  is  a son  of  the  late  Samuel 
Davis,  a resident  of  Quincy,  Illinois.  The  latter 
was  during  life  a high-toned,  energetic  man  of 
business,  who  took  a warm  and  leading  interest  in  all 
public  measures  which  tended  to  develop  the  resources  of 
the  country;  he  had  removed  to  the  West  as  early  as  1835, 
whither  he  was  shortly  followed  by  nearly  all  his  children. 
His  son,  Samuel,  embarked  in  the  provision  business  in 
Boston  when  only  twenty  years  of  age,  which  he  pursued 


224 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


successfully  in  that  city  for  fifteen  years,  meanwhile,  in  1835, 
opening  a branch  house  in  Cincinnati.  After  conducting 
both  establishments  for  about  two  years,  he  discontinued  his 
business  in  Boston,  and  with  his  family  removed  to  Cincin- 
nati, and  thereafter  became  a permanent  resident.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  extensive  mercantile  pursuits,  he  devoted  a 
large  portion  of  his  time  to  agriculture,  in  which  he  was 
also  interested  for  over  twenty  years,  but  which  he  has  since 
relinquished,  and  now  devotes  himself  exclusively  to  his 
office.  From  his  earliest  years  he  has  been  an  ardent  lover 
of  music,  and  at  the  .age  of  thirteen  was  a constant  attendant 
at  the  rehearsals  of  the  “ Handel  and  Haydn  Society  ” in 
King’s  Chapel,  Boston,  prior  to  the  first  oratorio  ever  per- 
formed by  that  organization,  on  Christmas  night,  1815.  He 
was  elected  a member  of  that  society  in  1825,  and  became 
subsequently  connected  with  other  musical  societies  both  in 
Boston  and  Cincinnati.  Throughout  his  entire  life,  espe- 
cially during  those  seasons  when  the  cares  of  business  mo- 
nopolized his  time  and  attention  during  the  long  hours  de- 
voted to  it,  he  has  ever  resorted  to  the  concord  of  sweet 
sounds,  both  vocal  and  instrumental,  as  a means  of  relaxa- 
tion and  relief;  and  even  now,  at  his  advanced  period  of 
life,  he  still  continues  his  musical  studies,  and  takes  delight 
both  as  a performer  or  an  auditor.  He  was  married  in  1824 
to  Martha  Glover,  a granddaughter  of  Dr.  Phineas  Holden, 
of  Dorchester,  Massachusetts,  a stern  revolutionaiy  patriot. 

, Some  time  after  her  decease,  he  was  married  in  1856  to 
Mary  A.  Davis,  a native  of  Boston. 

e 

.\RT,  THOMAS  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on  the 
27th  of  February,  1816,  at  Grandview,  Washing- 
ton county,  Ohio.  His  mother,  Mary  Cochran, 
was  a native  of  Virginia,  and  his  father,  a Penn- 
sylvanian by  birth,  though  of  Irish  parentage,  re- 
moved to  Ohio  in  the  early  part  of  the  present 
century,  settled  on  some  land  beside  the  Ohio  river,  and 
was  married  in  the  year  following  his  arrival.  Thomas 
Evart  received  such  early  education  as  he  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  of  Washington  county.  When  he  was  six- 
teen years  of  age  he  left  school  and  entered  as  an  assistant 
in  the  office  of  the  County  Clerk,  at  Marietta,  where  he 
remained  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  courts  of  Washington  county  in  De- 
cember, 1836.  He  continued  to  hold  this  office  until  1851. 
While  he  was  still  County  Clerk  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention,  which  was  held  in  1850. 
On  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  as  County  Clerk,  he 
was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Washington  county.  In  the 
meantime,  while  in  the  prosecution  of  his  official  duties,  he 
had  been  diligently  pursuing  a rigid  course  of  legal  study, 
reading  law  under  Judge  Nye,  and,  while  attending  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention  at  Cincinnati  in  1851,  was  .admitted  to 
practise  in  the  courts  of  Ohio.  He  held  the  office  of  Pro- 


bate Judge  for  Washington  county  for  a period  of  one  year, 
and  then  resigned  the  position  in  order  to  take  up  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  has  continued  to  reside  in  Mari- 
etta ever  since,  in  the  uninterrupted  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. In  politics  he  was  originally  a Whig,  and  he  was  for 
many  years  the  Chairman  of  the  Whig  Centr.al  Committee. 
On  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  he  became  a 
member  of  that  organization,  and  still  remains  a Republican. 
He  has  been  counsel  for  the  Marietta,  Pittsburgh  & Cleve- 
land Railroad  Company  since  its  formation.  He  is  a stock- 
holder in  the  Marietta  Chair  Company,  and  also  in  the 
Marietta  Union  Bank.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Noble  County  National  Bank.  He  has  been  twice  married. 
In  1838  he  married  Grace  Dana,  of  Newport,  who  died  in 
1854;  in  1855  he  married  his  present  wife,  Jerusha  Gear, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Gear,  of  Marietta. 


#HINN,  JOSEPH  W.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was  born 
in  Jacksonville,  Adams  county,  Ohio,  January 
27th,  1S45.  He  was  the  sixth  child  in  a family 
of  eight  children,  whose  parents  were  Francis 
Shinn  and  Sarah  (Moore)  Shinn.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Culpepper,  Virginia,  followed  through 
life  principally  the  occupation  of  tanner.  He  moved  to 
Ohio  about  the  year  1825,  and  settled  at  Hillsborough, 
whence  he  removed  to  Jacksonville  in  1840,  or  thereabout; 
he  settled  in  West  Union  in  January,  1846,  and  there  resided 
until  his  decease  in  June,  1851.  He  was  for  four  years  an 
Auditor  of  Adams  county,  and  was  .widely  known  and 
esteemed  as  an  upright  and  useful  citizen.  His  mother,  a 
native  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  died  in  May,  1869.  He  was 
engaged  more  or  less  regularly  in  farming  occupations  until 
his  majority  was  attained,  while  his  early  education,  which 
was  comparatively  thorough,  was  obtained  by  his  own  exer- 
tions and  perseverance.  In  1866  he  attended  Miami'  Uni- 
versity, and  during  the  ensuing  eighteen  months  pursued  a 
regular  course  of  classical  study.  In  January,  1868,  he  left 
this  institution  and  entered  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens, 
where  he  remained  as  a student  for  about  four  months. 
Subsequently,  on  account  of  illness,  he  was  compelled  to 
return  to  his  home.  In  the  summer  of  1868  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  a Democratic  Convention  as  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  and  in  the  succeeding  fall  was  elected 
to  fill  that  office.  At  this  time  he  was  the  youngest  of  five 
candidates  put  forward  for  the  desired  place.  He  was  re- 
elected in  1871,  and,  after  retaining  the  cleikship  six  years, 
vacated  the  office  in  February,  1875.  During  the  years  in- 
tervening between  election  and  vacation  he  applied  himself 
to  the  study  of  law,  and  in  September,  1874,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  In  February,  1875,  contract  for 

building  the  new  Adams  County  Court  House,  a magnificent 
structure,  the  cost  of  the  erection  of  which  was  defrayed 
mainly  by  the  individual  subscriptions  of  the  people  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOIVEDIA. 


225 


county.  This  he  did,  no  other  person  offering  to  take  the 
contract,  because  the  county  was  limited  by  law  to  an  ex- 
penditure of  $10,000.  The  greater  portion  of  his  time  and 
energies  down  to  the  present  time  has  therefore  been  de- 
voted to  the  supervising  of  the  construction  of  this  monu- 
ment to  the  county's  enterprise,  while  he  has  been  constantly 
engaged  also  in  the  general  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
1874  he  was  a candidate  before  the  State  Democratic  Con- 
vention for  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  but  was  defeated 
through  the  opposition  of  Hamilton  and  Cuyahoga  counties. 
Politically,  he  sustains  the  creed  of  the  Democratic  party, 
and  has  brought  to  its  support  talents  ot  no  mean  order. 
His  religious  views  and  sentiments  are  in  harmony  with  the 
teachings  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  married, 
March  8th,  1870,  to  Sallie  E.  Wright,  a native  of  Brown 
county,  Ohio,  whose  demise  occurred  November  iSlh,  1871. 
He  was  again  marrierl,  September  15th,  1874,  to  Laura 
Swearingen,  a native  of  Adams  county,  in  the  same  State. 


’ there  until  1851,  the  date  of  his  graduation.  Subsequently 
! he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  his  father,  at  Coshoc- 
' ton,  and  in  this  city  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853.  En- 
: tering  upon  the  active  practice  of  his  jjrofession  he  remained 
in  connection  with  his  father  until  1856,  the  date  of  the 
^ latter’s  decease.  1 le  was  afterward  engaged  in  professional 
labors  in  conjunction  with  his  brother  for  about  two  years, 
j and  then  practised  alone  until  May,  1868.  At  that  date  he 
associated  himself  in  partnership  with  Julius  Pomerene,  and 
the  firm  thus  constituted  still  exists.  He  has  an  extensive 
practice  in  Coshocton  county,  and  also  practises  his  pro- 
fession in  the  environing  region,  and  before  the  Supreme 
Court  at  Columbus.  In  the  year  i860,  on  motion  of  Hon.  lid- 
! win  M.  Stanton,  he  was  admitted  an  attorney  and  counsellor 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  at  Washington, 
j District  of  Columbia.  He  was  married.  May  25th,  1868,  to 
Helen  King,  daughter  of  a distinguished  lawyer  of  Newark, 
Licking  county,  Ohio. 


G°- 


ffl 


LARK,  REV.  RUFUS  W.,  Jr.,  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Columbus,  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  on  May  29th,  1S44,  being  the  son  of 
R.  W.  Clark,  D.  D.,  and  Eliza  Walton  Clark. 
He  was  educated  at  Williams 'College,  Massachu- 
setts, and  graduated  from  that  institution  in  the 
class  of  1865,  having  pursued  a full  and  thorough  course  of 
collegiate  training.  Upon  leaving  college  he  entered  the 
General  Theological  Seminary  of  New  York,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1868,  and  during  that  year  officiated  as  as- 
sistant minister  in  Calvary  Church,  in  the  same  city.  From 
186S  to  1871  he  was  Rector  of  St.  John’s  Church,  Ports- 
mouth, New  Hampshire,  moving  in  the  latter  year  to  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio,  where  he  immediately  entered  upon  the  rector- 
ship of  Trinity  Church,  which  he  still  fills.  Dr.  Clark  is  an 
eloquent  divine,  and  has  labored  with  great  success  in  his 
various  positions.  He  combines  two  very  essential  qualities 
in  a successful  mini.stry,  that  of  being  an  excellent  parish 
worker  and  organizer,  as  well  as  an  attractive  and  impres- 
sive pulpit  orator.  He  is  a man  of  the  most  sincere  and 
earnest  piety,  and  is  regarded  with  the  warmest  affection  by 
his  parishioners. 


^ PANGLER,  ETHERINGTON  T.,  Attorney-at- 
Law,  was  born  in  Zinesvillc,  Muskingum  county, 
Ohio,  January  26th,  1831.  His  parents  were 
David  Spangler,  cx-member  of  Congress  and 
lawyer,  and  Elizabeth  Grafton  (Etherington) 
Spangler,  a native  of  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
When  a year  old  his  parents  moved  to  Coshocton,  Ohio, 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools  until  he  had  at- 
tained his  sixteenth  year.  He  then  pursued  a course  of 
higher  studies  ia  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler,  remaining 
29 


\ ANS,  EZRA  E.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Belmont 
county,  Ohio,  March  5th,  1816,  his  father  being 
a native  of  Pennsylvania  and  his  mother  of 
Loudon  county,  Virginia.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Belmont 
county,  which  he  attended  during  those  portions 
of  the  year  when  his  assistance  was  not  required  in  the  culti- 
vation of  his  father’s  farm.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
followed  the  bent  of  his  ambition,  and  commenced  to  read 
law  with  Nathan  Plvans,  at  Camliridge,  and  for  two  years 
assiduously,  under  the  capable  direction  of  this  gentleman, 
pursued  his  studies.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  removed  at  once  to  Toledo,  where 
he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His  health 
failing  him,  in  1838  he  returned  to  Cambridge,  where  he 
practised  with  his  brother  for  about  one  year,  and  then  settled 
in  McConnelsville,  Morgan  county,  Ohio.  From  1840  until 
December,  1S58,  he  was  professionally  engaged  in  that  place. 
He  practised  mainly  alone,  having  been  for  a few  years  asso- 
ciated respectively  with  Isaac  Parrish  and  with  Judge  Wood. 
In  1858  he  went  to  Zanesville,  where  he  has  ever  since  been 
pursuing  his  professional  calling.  P'rom  the  fall  of  1851  until 
1853,  when  he  resigned  that  office,  he  was  the  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate of  Morgan  county.  In  1861  he  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Morgan,  Noble  and  Mus- 
kingum counties,  and  ret.ained  this  office  until  his  resignation 
of  its  duties  in  1866.  On  October  31st,  1S43,  I'c  was  mar- 
ried to  Mary  Lawrence,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
but  rearerl  in  Ohio.  During  the  late  civil  war  Judge  Evans 
took  an  active  part  on  the  side  of  the  Federal  government, 
and  rendered  material  aid  in  raising  and  equipping  volunteers, 
and  in  organizing  the  fizd,  78th,  97th  and  I22d  regiments 
from  Ohio,  as  well  as  the  159th  Ohio  Regiment,  and  was 
cliosen  r'irst  Lieutenant  of  Company  B in  the  last-named 


226 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


legimeiit ; was  a sound  lawyer,  and  an  honest  man  at  the 
bar  and  on  the  bench,  and  a firm  believer  in  the  precepts 
and  principles  of  tlie  Christian  religion. 


'LLIS,  JOHN  MILLOT,  Professor  of  Mental  Phi- 
losophy in  Oberlin  College,  was  born,  of  New 
England  parentage,  at  Jaffrey,  New  Hampshire, 
on  the  27th  of  Marcli,  1831.  He  continued  to 
live  there  until  he  was  nine  years  of  age,  and 
then  removed  with  his  parents  to  Oberlin. 
Among  the  earliest  habits  of  his  life  were  the  habits  of 
thrifty  industry,  which  are  developed  not  so  much  as  habits 
as  a part  of  the  nature  of  the  children  of  New  England, 
especially  those  who  are  not  born  to  wealth.  His  father  was 
a carpenter,  and  his  own  earlier  years  were  passed  in  the  car- 
penter-shop, learning  and  prosecuting  his  father’s  trade.  He 


was  industrious  with  his  hands,  but  he  hail  a brain  which 
would  not  be  idle;  meanwhile  manual  labor  by  no  means 
filled  the  measure  of  his  desire  or  his  capacity ; knowledge  he 
must  have,  and  after  gaining  everything  for  himself  that  the 
district  schools  could  afford,  he  set  to  work  to  supplement 
that,  beginning  with  a full  course  of  collegiate  study.  This 
plan  was  early  formed,  and  early  carried  into  execution,  and 
while  still  only  a boy  he  entered  Oberlin  College  as  a student. 
He  went  through  the  full  course  of  study  there  in  the  most 
creditable  manner,  and  graduated  from  the  institution  in 
1851.  He  then  commenced  a course  of  theological  study, 
which  he  prosecuted,  with  continued  interruptions  in  the 
way  of  teaching  and  other  forms  of  work,  until  1857,  when 
he  graduated  in  that  department  also.  During  six  months 
of  this  time  he  was  engaged  as  a teacher  at  Lapeer,  Michi- 
gan, and  then  he  took  the  position  of  Professor  of  Ancient 
Languages  in  Mississippi  College,  of  Mississippi.  This 
position  he  continued  to  occupy  for  three  years,  and  his 
labors  were  of  the  most  complete  and  most  satisfactory  na- 
ture. His  attainments  were  solid  and  varied  ; his  talents  of 
a high  order,  and  he  possessed  that  rare  faculty,  without 
which  the  most  exalted  talents  and  the  rarest  accomplish- 
ments are  of  little  worth  in  the  teacher’s  possession,  the 
faculty  of  imparting  successfully  and  happily  to  others  what 
he  had  himself  come  in  possession  of.  In  1858  he  was 
c.illed  back  to  Oberlin  College,  where  he  had  graduated 
seven  years  before  as  a student.  He  came  back  as  an  in- 
structor, to  fill  the  chair  of  Greek.  Subsequently  he  was 
transferred  to  the  chair  of  Mental  .Science,  and  that  position 
he  continues  to  occupy.  In  1866  he  was  ordained  as  a 
minister,  and  since  then,  besides  teaching  from  the  profes- 
sor’s chair,  he  has  been  largely  engaged  in  teaching  from 
the  preacher’s  desk.  In  connection  with  his  duties  as  Pro- 
fessor in  Oberlin  College,  he  has  for  the  past  ten  years  been 
preaching  in  Olrerlin,  Cleveland,  Painesville,  and  other 
places.  Beyond  such  part  as  belongs  to  the  earnest,  intel- 
ligent and  conscientious  citizen,  he  has  taken  no  part  in 


politics.  He  has  always  been  an  anti-slavery  man,  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  he  has  voted  with 
that  party.  He  was  married  in  the  year  1862  to  Minerva 
E.  Tenney. 


'yj'f  NDERSON,  THOMAS  IL,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
(5/A')  born  in  -Sewellsville,  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  June 
6th,  1847.  His  father  was  a native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  his  mother  of  Ohio.  He  attended  the 
Belmont  and  Guernsey  county  schools  until  1865, 
when  he  entered  Mount  Union  College,  in  the 
same  State.  His  application,  and  the  possession  of  apt 
talent  for  study,  secured  to  him  while  a student  in  this  col- 
lege a thorough  English  education,  and  gave  him  an  ex- 
cellent foundation  upon  which  to  build  his  reputation  in 
coming  years  as  an  attorney.  After  leaving  college  he 
taught  school  for  two  years  in  the  counties  in  which  he  had 
before  studied,  concluding  his  labors  as  teacher  in  the  High 
School  department  of  the  Cambridge  Lbiion  .Schools.  On 
the  22d  day  of  June,  1S69,  he  became  a student  at  law  in 
the  office  of  Colonel  J.  D.  Taylor,  of  Cambridge,  Ohio,  un- 
der whose  directions  he  pursued  his  reading  with  intelligent 
application  for  two  years ; and  on  the  12th  day  of  June,  1871, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  and  on  the 
22d  day  of  the  same  month  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
former  legal  preceptor.  Colonel  Taylor,  and  ever  since  has 
been  engaged  in  practice  with  him.  Mr.  Anderson  is  a young 
man  of  more  than  usual  talent  in  the  profession  he  has  chosen, 
and  has  already  secured  by  his  learning,  skill  and  care  in 
his  profession,  a large  and  lucrative  prattice,  and  an  enviable 
reputation  as  an  attorney.  He  is  a gentleman  of  cultivated 
tastes,  and  continues  to  study  with  zeal  the  science  of  law 
in  all  its  manifold  branches;  he  is  universally  esteemed,  and 
is  a gentleman  of  integrity  and  excellent  moral  character. 


^jORDON,  W.  J.  M.,  Chemist,  was  born  on  the  25th 
of  December,  1825,111  Somerset  county,  Maryland. 
When  very  young  he  removed  to  Baltimore,  and 
there  obtained  his  education,  general  and  scien- 
tific. His  education  was  conducted  with  a view 
to  his  becoming  a practical  chemist  and  druggist, 
,nd  he  studied  chemistry  under  Professor  W'illiam  E.  Aiken, 
if  the  University  of  Maryland,  the  oldest  medical  college  in 
he  State.  In  the  year  1848  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and 
t pct'itili.itipd  1i imspi f i 11  th e drup’  business  there,  and 


this  he  carried  on  successfully  and  with  but  little  interrup- 
tion for  a period  of  twenty  years  ; although  during  a portion 
of  the  time  it  was  conducted  in  connection  with  chemical 
manufacturing,  having  established  a laboratory  for  the  pro- 
duction of  chemicals  and  pharmaceutical  preparations  gen- 
erally. Gradually  this  br.anch  of  his  business  grew  into 


BIOGRAnilCAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


227 


proportions  of  great  magnitude  and  importance,  and  al- 
though he  continued  his  business  as  apothecary,  his  business 
as  manufacturing  chemist  became  the  one  most  wddely  iden- 
tified with  his  name,  and  the  one  from  which  the  most  im- 
portant results  have  followed.  He  has  always  kept  well  up 
with  the  latest  and  most  important  developments  in  chemical 
science  ; and  has  always,  in  the  production  of  new  and  valu- 
able articles,  been  in  advance  of  most  other  manufacturers 
in  the  country.  He  was  the  first  iri  the  United  States  to 
produce  glycerine  as  a commercial  article,  and  it  is  said  that 
he  has  been  longer  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  it  and  has 
produced  more  than  any  other  manufacturer  in  the  world  ; 
and  the  glycerine  which  he  makes  is  universally  acknowl- 
edged to  be  superior  to  either  German  or  French  production, 
and  only  equalled  by  one  made  in  London.  He  has  taken 
the  first  premium  in  every  instance  when  exhibited  in  com- 
petition with  the  production  of  other  manufacturers.  A 
number  of  years  ago  he  abandoned  the  general  drug  trade, 
and  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the  chemical  manufactur- 
ing business,  and  ever  since  then  the  productions  of  his  labora- 
tory and  its  branches  have  occupied  his  attention  and  his 
energy  almost  exclusively,  except  so  far  as  the  importation 
of  foreign  drugs  was  concerned.  Within  the  past  few  years 
he  has  devoted  himself  quite  largely  to  the  manufacture  of 
sulphate  of  ammonia  from  the  waste  liquor  at  the  Cincinnati 
Gas  Works,  and  he  is  the  only  man  in  the  West  who  is  en- 
gaged in  such  manufacture.  The  material  from  which  the 
article  is  produced  is  one  which  had  always  been  held  to  be 
waste  and  worthless.  In  the  manufacture  of  glycerine  he 
also  utilizes  material  which  was  before  held  to  be  worthless; 
this  is  the  waste  material  from  .stearine  candle  factories,  and 
he  now  pays  large  sums  for  what  a few  years  ago  yielded 
not  a cent  to  any  one.  With  his  customary  restless  enter- 
prise, he  is  now  introducing  an  article  of  lampblack  pro- 
duced from  natural  gas,  whicli  is  said  to  be  superior  to  all 
others  in  the  manufacture  of  ink  for  engravers,  lithographers, 
and  all  others  who  require  especially  fine  inks.  P'luid  ex- 
tracts and  sugar-coated  pills  have  been  favorite  productions 
with  him  ; and  among  his  other  enterprises,  years  ago,  was 
the  manufacture  of  nitro-glycerine  long  before  it  was  used 
as  an  explosive.  He  made  it  in  small  quantities,  under  the 
name  of  “glonoine,”  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  honiceo- 
pathic  practitioners,  by  whom  it  was  employed  as  a remedy 
for  the  headache.  His  large  manufacturing  business,  con- 
ducted with  consummate  shrewdness,  caution,  skill,  enter- 
prise and  integrity,  has  been  greatly  successful ; but  he  has 
had  obstacles,  some  of  them  of  no  small  magnitude,  to  en- 
counter and  overcome.  For  four  successive  years,  beginning 
with  the  year  1868,  destructive  fires  occurred  in  his  labora- 
lor)',  resulting  in  each  case  in  disastrous  losses,  far  exceed- 
ing the  amount  of  the  insurance.  These  in  no  way  em- 
barrassed or  hindered  his  progress,  however,  and  in  eacli 
case  he  immediately  rebuilt  and  went  on  with  his  work. 
As  his  business  grew,  one  laboratory,  although  a very  large 
one,  was  insufficient  for  the  requirements  of  his  trade,  and 


he  some  time  ago  added  another,  supplied  with  all  the  latest 
and  most  improved  appliances.  Besides  these,  he  has  in 
operation  numerous  mills  and  engines  for  grinding  drugs, 
etc.  For  many  years  he  was  President  of  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Pharmacy ; was  one  of  those  engaged  in  estab- 
lishing the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association  ; was  for 
five  years  Recording  Secretary;  for  one  year  Vice-President, 
and  in  1S64  President  of  the  association;  and  has  always 
been  in  the  largest  sense  identified  with  the  most  advanced 
scientific  and  literary  interests  of  his  profession.  At  one 
time  he  edited  a pharmaceutical  paper  in  Cincinnati.  He 
is  one  of  the  most  comprehensively  activ.e  men  in  Cincinnati, 
the  city  of  active  men,  and  finds  time  to  participate  intelli- 
gently and  effectively  in  matters  of  public  interest.  He  is  a 
prominent  member  and  an  active  worker  in  the  church,  and, 
in  short,  occupies  a higli  place  in  society,  as  a Christian,  a 
business  man  and  a citizen. 


AN,  JOHN,  Inventor  and  Manufacturer,  was  born 
at  L’ Assumption,  forty-five  miles  from  Montreal, 
Canada,  April  15th,  1812.  He  is  of  P'rench  ex- 
traction. This  remarkable  man  was  reared  in  the 
country,  in  the  poorest  circumstances,  and  abso- 
lutely without  training  or  education.  While  in 
I his  seventh  year  he  was  placed  under  a farmer,  with  whom 
j it  was  arranged  that  he  should  remain  until  the  attainment 
! of  his  majority.  In  course  of  time,  however,  this  master 
[ having  subjected  him  to  treatment  of  an  unwarrantably 
j brutal  nature,  the  surrounding  neighbors  interfered  in  his 
behalf  and  ])laced  him  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of 
Charity  of  Montreal.  W'hile  there  the  Sisters  guided  him 
in  the  pursuit  of  various  occupations,  in  some  of  vhich  he 
managed  to  secure  an  amount  of  earnings  sufficiently  ample 
for  the  support  of  his  father’s  family.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  entered  into  an  engagement  with  a tinner  to  labor  in  his 
employ  for  five  years  at  a salary  of  one  dollar  per  month — 
wdth  this  sum  he  was  required  to  clothe  himself.  He  sub- 
sequently began  the  performance  of  extra  work,  the  pro- 
ceeds of  w'hich,  together  wdth  the  earnings  of  his  wife,  were 
from  time  to  time  put  away  safely  in  an  iron  Irox.  At  the 
termination  of  his  apprenticeship  he,  assisted  by  his  em- 
ployer, embarked  in  tbe  tin  trade  in  Montreal,  Canada. 
Being  endowed  with  great  natural  mechanical  ability,  his 
entry  into  life,  if  not  made  under  very  auspicious  circum- 
stances, w'as  at  least  characterized  by  ho]->eful  energy  and  in- 
dustry. His  first  venture  for  himself  was,  however,  made 
unsuccessful  by  the  cholera  scourge  of  1832.  After  this 
failure  he  resumed  his  former  subordinate  position,  and  was 
thus  engaged  as  an  active  employ^  until  1835,  when  by  the 
death  of  his  uncle  he  fell  heir  to  a large  fortune.  In  1837, 
on  the  outbreak  of  the  Canadian  rebellion  or  patriot  war,  he 
connected  himself  with  the  fortunes  of  the  insurgents.  At 
the  battle  of  St.  Charles  he  disbursed  ten  thousand  dollars 


228 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


of  his  money  in  obtaining  supplies  for  the  patriots;  and  in 
1838,  at  St.  Eustace,  was  captured  by  the  governmental 
forces,  and  subsequently  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  Three 
days  before  the  appointed  time  of  execution  he  escaped  from 
the  jail  at  Montreal,  and,  after  many  days  of  incredible  hard- 
.ship,  arrived  in  New  York  State.  Upon  his  arrival  in  Troy, 
New  York,  he  learned  that  a reward  of  four  hundred  pounds 
had  been  offered  by  the  Canadian  authorities  for  his  capture, 
dead  or  alive.  Ilis  large  estate  was  then  confiscated,  and 
still  remains  in  the  hands  of  the  government  of  Canada. 
The  “ patriots  ” were  pardoned  in  18.47,  since  which  ti^ie 
he  has  made  several  visits  to  Canada  and  secured  extensive 
trade  arrangements  with  its  business  community.  Shortly 
after  the  fi.isco  which  had  resulted  in  his  temporary  banish- 
ment, he  brought  his  family  to  Troy,  New  York,  and  there 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1842,  when  he  was  induced,  under 
favorable  circumstances,  to  remove  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
'I'here  his  superior  skill  placed  him  in  a very  advantageous 
jiositiou  as  compared  with  the  ordinary  workman,  and  he 
obtained  a desirable  position  as  foreman  of  the  tin,  stove  and 
steamboat-furnishing  works  of  Lockwood  & Burton,  where 
lie  remained  until  1846.  He  then  initiated  on  his  own  ac- 
count and  responsibility  the  taking  and  filling  of  large  con- 
tracts for  sheet-iron  and  tin  work.  His  success  within  the 
year  in  this  department  of  business  was  so  great  that  he  was 
enabled  to  purchase  the  entire  interests  and  establishment 
of  his  former  employer.  That  business  he  prosecuted  until 
1S49,  the  date  of  his  removal  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  con- 
tracted to  supply  the  Mormons  at  Salt  I.ake  with  all  goods 
needed  by  them  from  the  Gentiles.  Within  seventeen  days 
after  making  this  contract  he  had  filled  four  warehouses  with 
goods  for  that  trade — of  these  three  were  consumed  liy  fire 
in  the  memoralile  conflagration  which  occurred  in  St.  Louis 
on  the  following  May  lyih.  His  unflagging  energy  and  vast 
fund  of  resource,  that  has,  apparently,  yet  to  desert  him,  soon, 
however,  placed  him  on  his  feet  again  ; within  twenty-four 
hours  he  had  contracted  for  new  liuildings,  and  within  an 
incredibly  brief  space  of  time  hS’d  his  large  trade  again  un- 
der full  way.  In  1851,  during  another  cholera  epidemic, 
he  was  forced  by  the  errors  or  dishonesty  of  his  partner  to 
make  an  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors.  Some 
of  these  creditors  were  Cincinnati  men,  and  they,  having 
(like  all  others  with  whom  he  had  dealt)  unlimited  confi- 
dence in  his  integrity  and  business  ability,  assisted  him  to 
start  afresh  in  Cincinnati,  in  1852,  in  the  tin,  stove  and 
roofing  business.  Here  again  misfortune  visited  him,  and 
again  by  the  hands  of  others.  In  1853,  after  making  several 
strong  efforts  to  better  his  condition,  he  returned  to  St.  Louis 
and  made  a new  venture,  with  his  former  head-clerk  as  a 
partner.  Once  more  a repetition  occurs  of  past  events ; 
similar  causes  interposed  between  him  and  success.  After 
a short  career,  replete  with  incident,  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  and 
other  ]ilaces,  he  again  settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  While 
at  Muscatine,  Iowa,  he  had  invented  and  patented  his  first 
wrought-iron  r.ange,  and  in  opening  business  in  the  Queen 


City  he  began  with  an  attempt  to  introduce  the  “ new  im- 
proved range,”  the  result  of  a second  patent.  Once  more, 
misfortune  overtaking  him  in  his  partnership  associati^/U,  he 
was  again  compelled  to  carve  out  for  himself  a new  avenue 
in  commercial  life.  Then  was  inaugurated  one  of  the  mo.-.t 
remarkable  periods  of  an  uncommon  and  peculiarly  active 
life;  in  the  face  of  the  greatest  opposition  to  sheet-iron 
ranges,  stoves  and  heating  apparatus,  he  began  to  invent 
range  and  stove  fixtures  of  every  kind,  patented  them,  and 
introduced  them  everywhere  into  the  Union  army.  During 
those  days  of  continuous  activity,  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
lie  invented  and  patented  twenty  or  more  ranges  and  heat- 
ing and  cooking  appliances,  and  did  over  a million  and  a 
half  dollars’  worth  of  business  in  them.  “ Wherever  the 
Union  army  was  found,  there  was  also  found  an  iimumer-. 
able  quantity  of  Van’s  army  ranges,  heating  stoves,  camp- 
fixtures,  and  galley  and  naval  stoves.”  Notwithstanding 
the  great  successes  then  and  there  encountered,  and  the 
vast  amount  of  business  done  with  the  United  Stales  forces, 
he  was  again  constrained  in  1864  to  initiate  a fresh  departure. 
During  the  course  of  that  year  he  purchased  the  interests  of 
those  men  with  whom  he  had  been  connected  during  the 
progress  of  the  rebellion,  and  founded  a business  under  the 
firm-style  of  Van  & Sons.  During  the  ensuing  two  years, 
which  held  several  heavy  losses,  occasioned  by  one  of  his 
employes,  various  changes  occurred  in  the  house,  and  in 
j868  it  assumed  the  style,  simply,  of  John  Van,  under  whose 
conduct  its  affairs  have  since  been  most  successfully  prose- 
cuted. His  sheet-iron  range,  at  one  time  cried  down  bitterly 
and  widely'  as  a fraud,  is  now  sold  in  vast  quantities  through- 
out the  entire  civilized  world,  and  from  Maine  to  California 
countless  imitations  of  his  inventions  are  daily  sold  and  used. 
He  is  the  inventor  not  only  of  the  sheet-iron  range,  in  all  its 
forms  and  with  all  its  vaiied  appliances,  b.it  also  of  many 
other  valuable  and  useful  articles  connected  with  the  kitchen 
and  culinary  department.  His  ranges  weigh  from  a few 
hundred  pounds  to  six  tons  each,  and  cost  in  some  cases  as 
much  as  seven  thousand  dollars.  It  may  truly  be  said  that 
he  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  business  men  of  the  time ; 
unable  to  read  or  write  a single  word,  he  has,  as  his  check- 
ered history  indicates,  often  been  the  prey  of  designing  men  ; 
and  vet  at  the  present  time,  having  valiantly  warded  off  dis- 
couragement amid  all  his  misfortunes,  and  triumphed  over 
startling  reverses  that  would  have  beaten  down  far  more  than 
the  majority  of  business  men,  he  stands  to-day  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  more  influential  leading  spirits  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  Few  men  have  been  endowed  with  such  excellent 
executive  ability  or  such  inventive  genius.  Had  but  his 
early  life  afforded  him  favoralrle  opportunity  for  the  acquisi- 
tion of  even  merely  a thorough  elementary  education,  his 
versatile  talents  would  more  than  probably  have  secured  fer 
him  as  high  a position  in  any  professional  line  as  he  has 
attained  as  a man  of  business.  He  has  more  than  an  ordi- 
nary share  of  the  mercurial  versatility  of  the  Gaul,  and  a full 
share  also  of  the  national  politeness  and  sociability  cf  the 


Xnljraved  ly  J C Buitie 


TMIE  IBDSMT  OBlEKtPDflfllLANPE®  £IKlA§E.,®o®<. 

' n/orrsc or 


UIOGRAI’IIICAL 

French  people.  He  was  married  in  1829  to  Margaret  F)u 
Reuche,  who  died  in  186S;  and  again  in  1868  to  (Mrs.) 
Louise  BuIIett,  of  Cincinnati,  formerly  of  France.  Of  his 
large  family  nearly  all  of  his  sons  are  in  one  way  or  other 
connected  with  him  in  business. 


ENCVCLOR.FDIA. 
A : 


229 


n 
€'  .1,  a' 
C 


(a 


IIA.SE,  PHILANDER,  D.  D.,  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Bishop  of  Ohio  from  February  nth,  1819, 
to  September  9th,  1831,  and  subsequently  Bishop 
of  Illinois,  was  born  at  Cornish,  New  Hampshire, 
on  December  14th,  1775.  He  sprang  from  the 
early  colonists  of  America,  his  ancestor,  Aquila 
Chase,  coming  from  Cornwall,  England,  in  1640,  and 
settling  in  Newbury.  The  grandson  of  Aquila,  the  Bishop’s 
father,  removed  to  a township  above  Fort  No.  4,  on  the  Con- 
necticut river,  and  founded  the  town  of  Cornish.  After 
receiving  his  preliminary  education  in  various  schools.  Phi- 
lander became  a student  of  Dartmouth  College,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1796.  A severe  injury  to  one  of  his  limbs 
prevented  his  becoming  a farmer.  Having  determined  to 
enter  the  sacred  ministry,  he  took  a course  of  divinity,  and 
was  ordained  Deacon  May  loth,  1798,  and  Priest  November 
loth,  1799.  For  several  years  he  was  zealously  engaged  in 
missionary  labors  in  western  New  York.  In  1805  he  went 
to  New  Orleans  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  that  city.  He  re- 
turned to  the  North  in  iSll.and  until  1S17  officiated  as 
Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  Connecticut.  On  Feb- 
ruary lith,  1819,  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Ohio,  to 
which  position  he  had  been  elected,  and  in  1823  proceeded 
to  England  for  the  purpose  of  soliciting  aid  for  Kenyon 
College  and  Theological  Seminary  in  his  diocese,  great 
success  attending  his  visit.  Difficulties  having  arisen  with 
some  of  his  clergy  in  regard  to  the  disposal  of  funds  he  had 
collected,  and  other  matters,  he  resigned  the  jurisdiction  of 
his  diocese,  on  September  plh,  1831,  and  removed  to  Michi- 
gan. On  March  8th,  1835,  he  was  made  Bishop  of  Illinois, 
and  shortly  thereafter  made  a second  visit  to  England  on 
behalf  of  education  in  the  West.  In  1838  he  returned  with 
sufficient  funds  to  lay  the  foundation  of  Jubilee  College  at 
Robin’s  Nest,  Peoria,  Illinois.  Although  a large  and  cor- 
pulent mrn,  Bishop  Chase  was  exceedingly  active  and  labo- 
rious. Though  not  especially  distinguished  by  learning,  he 
possessed  great  diplomatic  talents,  intuitive  knowledge  of 
human  nature  and  great  shrewdness,  qualities  which  en- 
abled him  to  accomplish  an  amount  of  good  tenfold  greater 
than  many  incomparably  his  superior  in  scholastic  knowl- 
edge. He  published  in  two  volumes,  octavo,  “Reminis- 
cences” of  his  life  and  labors;  “Plea  for  the  West,”  in 
1826;  “Star  of  Kenyon  College,”  in  1828;  “Defence  of 
Kenyon  College,”  in  1831.  A serious  injury,  caused  by  being 
thrown  from  his  carriige,  h.astened  his  decease,  which  oc- 
curred a few  days  after  the  accident,  on  September  20th,  1852. 


ILI.,  REV.  JAMES,  Pastor  of  the  Town  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Columbus,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  May  loth, 
1815,  his  parents  being  natives  of  the  north  of 
Ireland,  who  were  of  the  Presbyterian  faith  until 
1831,  when  they  united  with  the  Methodist  Itpis- 
copal  Church.  They  emigrated  to  America,  and  were  mar- 
lied  in  Baltimore  in  1803.  iSIr.  Hill  was  educated  at  the 
Franklin  Academy,  in  Reisterstown,  Baltimore  county,  and 
became  a member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  a 
camp-meeting,  held  on  August  i6th,  1832,  in  Clarke’s  Camp- 
ground, in  the  same  county.  In  the  autumn  of  1834,  in 
company  with  his  father’s  family,  he  went  West,  and  located 
in  Indianapolis,  where  he  resided  four  years,  having  been 
engaged  during  that  time  as  a merchant.  He  retired  from 
bu-siness  and  united  as  a licentiate  with  the  Indiana  An- 
nual Conference  in  1838,  having  been  recommended  by  the 
Quarterly  Conference  of  Wesley  Chapel,  now  Meridian 
Street  Church,  Indianapolis.  On  Octolrer  l8th,  1839,  he 
was  married  to  Mary  M.  Patterson,  daughter  of  Judge 
Robert  Patterson  of  that  city.  By  this  marriage  he  had  two 
sons  and  two  daughters.  His  wife  still  survives.  After 
thirty-two  years  spent  in  the  Indiana  Conference,  and  in 
nineteen  different  charges,  during  ten  years  of  which  period 
he  filled  the  Presiding  Eldership,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Northwest  Indiana  Conference,  and  was  stationed  for  three 
years  at  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Terre 
Haute.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Ohio  Conference, 
the  t.'ansfer  taking  place  in  February,  1873,  and  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Town  Street  Methodist  E[riscopal  Church  of 
Columbus,  in  which  his  labors  have  been  greatly  blessed. 
He  has  been  twice  a member  of  the  General  Conference, 
and  served  in  both  sessions.  For  a number  of  years  he 
was  a Trustee  of  the  De  Pauw  Female  College,  and  also  a 
Trustee  of  the  Indiana  Asbury  University.  Mr.  Hill  has  a 
fine  reputation  as  a pulpit  orator,  and  is  one  of  the  ablest 
divines  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  the  for- 
tunate possessor  of  a robust  constitution,  and  performs  an 
unusual  amount  of  efficient  pastoral  labor.  He  has  budt  up 
a large  and  flourishing  church,  with  a large  and  intelligent 
membership,  and  has  distinguished  his  ministry  by  the  fer- 
vency of  his  piety  and  by  the  earnest  energy  with  which  he 
has  fulfilled  every  duty  devolving  upon  him. 


I 


•\KER,  WILLIAM,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Norwalk, 
Ohio,  P'ebruary  5th,  1822,  and  is  the  son  of  Hon. 
Timothy  Baker,  a native  of  Massachusetts,  and  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Huron  county,  Ohio.  In 
1841  he  graduated  at  Dennison  University,  and  m 
1844  at  the  Law  School  of  Harvard  University, 
Massachusetts.  In  November  of  the  latter  year  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  where 
lie  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  a general  practice, 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


and  more  especially  in  commercial  and  real  estate  law  and 
chancery.  While  attending  sedulously  to  the  fulfilment  of 
his  professional  duties,  he  has  also  been  for  many  years  inti- 
mately identified  with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  city, 
and  has  actively  supported  all  railroad  and  manufacturing 
enterprises,  with  many  of  which,  including  tlie  Wabash  Rail- 
road, the  Toledo  & Cleveland  Railroad,  the  Milburn  Wagon 
W'orks,  etc.,  he  has  sustained  important  personal  relations. 
He  has  acted  also  as  the  trusted  adviser  and  attorney  of 
many  of  the  corporations  and  leading  business  men  of 
Toledo,  who  recognize  in  him  a trustworthy  and  skilful 
practitioner.  To  all  movements  promising  the  promotion 
of  the  moral  and  educational  welf.ire  of  the  city  also  he  has 
uniformly  given  his  cordial  and  active  sympathy  and  support. 
With  the  exception  of  local  and  minor  offices,  he  has  never 
evinced  a predilection  or  desire  for  position  of  a partisan  or 
political  nature,  and  has,  accordingly,  persistently  refrained 
from  entering  into  the  arena  of  contested  place  and  patron- 
age. But  all  trusts,  professional  or  personal,  committed  to 
him,  have  been  discharged  invariably  with  unassailable  fi- 
delity, and  admirable  ability.  He  was  married,  August 
28th,  1849,  to  Frances  C.  Latimer,  of  Norwalk,  Ohio,  by 
whom  he  has  had  five  children — four  sons  and  one  daughter. 


T^OLMES,  CHARLES  C,  one  of  the  leading  to- 
bacco merchants  and  business  men  of  Cincinnati, 
was  born  March  28th,  1828,  in  .Shenandoah 

county,  Virginia.  When  he  was  but  seven  years 
of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Ohio,  where,  in  the 
country  school,  on  the  farm,  and  at  the  shoemaker’s 
bench,  he  passed  the  next  fifteen  years  of  his  life.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-two  he  had  learned  a trade  and  was  ready  to 
start  in  business  for  himself.  Accordingly  in  1850  he 
opened  a shoe  store  and  shop  in  New  Vienna,  Ohio.  This 
business  he  continued  with  varying  success  until  1856. 
During  this  year  he  went  to  Washington,  Ohio, ’and  opened 
a dry-goods  and  furnishing  house,  still  continuing  his  trade 
of  shoes,  and  met  a fair  degree  of  success.  Being  dissatis- 
fied with  these  undertakings,  they  were  abandoned  in  1858, 
and  his  family  moved  to  a farm  in  Bracken  county,  Ken- 
tucky. This  county  is  in  the  tobacco-grou  ing  region  of  the 
State.  His  attention  was  now  quite  largely  turned  to  the 


culture  of  tobacco,  in  which  business  he  continued  for  twelve 
seasons.  Having  by  long  experience  and  careful  investiga- 
tion now  become  thoroughly  acquainted  with  tobacco  and 
the  wants  and  opportunities  of  the  trade,  and  being  anxious 
for  a wider  and  more  profitable  field  of  exertion,  in  1S57, 
mainly  through  his  agency,  the  Farmers’  Commission  To- 
bacco Warehouse  was  opened  in  Cincinnati.  In  1S70,  con- 
cluding to  give  up  the  farm  entirely,  he  removed  his  family 
to  Newport,  Kentucky,  and  devoted  all  his  energies  to  the 
interests  of  his  business  in  Cincinnati.  The  house  of  which 
Mr.  Holmes  is  now  a member,  under  the  firm-name  of 


Holmes,  Black  & Millens,  has  one  of  the  most  interesting 
histories  of  any  business  house  in  the  city.  In  1S57  it  was 
started  as  the  “ Farmers’  House,”  with  forty-two  members, 
having  a regularly  organized  board  of  directors  and  execu- 
tive officers.  'I'he  chief  instigator  as  well  as  most  active 
manager  of  this  movement  was  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  movement  itself  was  one  by  which  the  farmers  hoped 
to  be  able  to  dispose  of  their  crops  to  the  best  advan- 
tage, and  in  the  best  possible  way  represent  their  own  inter- 
ests in  the  great  tobacco  market  which  Cincinnati  had  now 
become.  A vast  organization  like  this,  made  up  of  the  actual 
producers  of  tobacco,  selling  their  crops  through  their  own 
appointed  commi.ssioners,  and  so  signally  departing  from  the 
ordinary  routine,  was  not  destined  to  glide  smoothly  on  its 
way.  Obstacles  were  found  everywhere  interposed,  and 
meeting  a hardly  tolerable  success  in  two  years,  passed  into 
the  hands  of  four  of  its  members,  and  the  firm-name  of 
Farmers’  Commission  Tobacco  Warehouse  was  changed  to 
that  of  r.  H.  Clayton  & Co.  After  some  other  changes  the 
house  settled  into  the  present  firm  of  Holmes,  Black  & 
Millens.  Its  business  is  exclusively  commission,  and  it  now 
ranks  not  only  as  one  of  the  most  successful  and  extensive  in 
its  business  transactions,  but  as  one  of  the  most  deserving  of 
consideration  in  the  history  of  the  Cincinnati  tobacco  trade. 
The  old  farmers’  movement  was  vastly  instrumental  in  ad- 
vancing and  liberalizing  the  tobacco  trade,  and  constitutes  a 
page  in  the  history  of  that  business  in  Cincinnati.  Mr. 
Holmes  is  one  of  the  most  extensively  known  and  prosperous 
men  in  the  tobacco  trade  in  Cincinnati.  He  is  in  the  prime 
of  life,  with  the  problem  of  his  own  success  now  solved. 
Few  men  are  able  to  present  a record  of  a more  honorable 
and  active  business  c.areer.  On  September  13th,  1855,  he 
was  married  to  Alice  Nugent,  of  Ohio,  and  has  a family  of 
five  daughters  and  one  son,  all  living. 


EDGE,  FRANCIS,  Manufacturer,  was  born  in 
Staffordshire,  England,  January  12th,  1S25.  He 
is  of  English  parentage,  and  was  educated  in 
Stone,  Staffordshire,  England.  While  in  his 
seventeenth  year  he  was  placed  to  learn  his  trade, 
and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years  under 
Joseph  Whitworth,  of  Manchester,  England.  August  3d, 
1S48,  he  sailed  from  Liverpool  for  this  country,  and  finally, 
on  the  following  September  30th,  settled  in  Zanesville,  Ohio. 
During  the  ensuing  six  months,  he  was  employed  in  setting 
up  machinery  for  the  Ohio  Iron  Company  (formerly  the 
Zanesville  Rolling  Mills).  He  then  associated  himself  in 
partnership  with  John  H.  Jones,  and  for  eighteen  months 
prosecuted  business  in  the  Blocksom  Foundiy,  which  had 
been  rented  by  the  partne's.  He  subsequently  served  eight 
years  as  foreman  for  H.  & F.  Blandy.  The  following  year 
was  spent  in  the  saw-mill  business  in  Arkansas.  He  then 
found  employment  in  “ getting  up”  machinery,  designs,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.LDIA. 


231 


drawings  for  portable  engines,  for  Owens,  Lane  & Dyer, 
Hamilton,  Ohio.  In  1857  he  designed,  built  and  bought 
the  first  engine  in  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In  1858  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Griffith,  Ebert  & Co.,  which,  after  tlie 
lapse  of  two  years,  became  Griffith  & Wedge.  While  in  the 
employ  of  H.  & E.  Blandy  he  built  not  only  the  first  loco- 
motive in  Zanesville,  but  also  the  first  portable  engine.  He 
has  achieved  business  success  in  the  face  of  many  embar- 
rassing difficulties,  and  by  steady  persistence  and  industry 
has  secured  the  legitimate  reward  of  enterprise  and  labor. 
He  is  a stockholder  in  the  Brown  Manufacturing  Company 
and  also  in  the  Zanesville  Woollen  Company.  He  was  mar- 
ried, July  29th,  1846,  in  Manchester,  England,  to  Nichola 
J.  Weild. 


^ULICK,  GEORGE  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Bata- 
via, Clermont  county,  Ohio,  June  29th,  1833.  He 
was  the  fourth  child  in  a family  consisting  of  eight 
children,  whose  parents  were  Lott  Hulick  and 
Roda  (Dimmitt)  Hulick.  His  father,  a native  of 
New  Jersey,  followed  through  life  the  coopering 
trade  and  also  agricultural  pursuits.  He  settled  in  Cler- 
mont county,  Ohio,  in  1814,  and  has  since  continued  to  re- 
side there.  His  mother  was  born  near  Batavia,  Clermont 
county.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Ezekiel  Dimmitt,  a na- 
tive of  Virginia,  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  this  county, 
and  was  intimately  identified  with  the  early  history  and 
public  enterprises  of  Clermont  county.  Until  the  year  1851 
he  worked  on  a farm  in  the  summer  season,  and  through  the 
winter  months  attended'school.  He  then  attended  Farmers’ 
College,  near  Cincinnati,  and  after  passing  through  a four 
years’  course  of  literary  study,  graduated  from  that  institu- 
tion in  July,  1855.  He  thereupon  entered  the  law  office  of 
Judge  Friback,  in  Bat, avia,  and  while  teaching  school  during 
the  winter,  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  legal  text-books. 
This  system  of  training  he  sustained  assiduously  for  two 
years,  then  passed  a thorough  examination,  and  in  1857  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  subsequently  opened  an  office  in 
Batavia,  and  there  entered  actively  on  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1858  he  was  a candidate  for  the  Prosecutirig 
Attorneyship,  but  with  the  balance  of  his  ticket  was  defe.ated. 
In  October,  1861,  he  was  married  to  Josephine  W.  Harri- 
son, a native  of  Cincinnati,  who  at  the  time  of  their  marriage 
w.as  residing  in  St.  Louis.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he  w,as 
elected  Probate  Judge  of  Clermont  county,  and  held  the 
office  for  three  years.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  of  the 
rebellion  he  entered  the  army  of  the  United  States,  and  ac- 
companied to  the  scene  of  operations  Company  E of  the 
22d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  W'ith  this  force 
he  was  then  connected  for  four  months,  and,  having  enlisted 
as  a private,  was  promoted  to  a Captaincy  before  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term.  He  afterward  raised  and  organized  the 
41st  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  selected 
to  occupy  its  Colonelcy.  That  position,  however,  he  was 


compelled  to  resign,  his  duties  on  the  bench  demanding  the 
major  portion  of  his  time  and  attention.  He  has  acted  at 
various  periods  as  a member  of  the  local  School  Board,  and 
is  deeply  interested  in  moral  and  educational  reform.  As  a 
practitioner  and  as  an  expounder  of  the  law  he  possesses 
equally  the  confidence  and  admiration  of  the  bar  and  of  the 
general  community,  as  is  evidenced  by  an  extensive  practice. 


1 OVLE,  JOHN  HARDY,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born  on  a farm  near  Somerset,  Perry  county,  Ohio, 
April  23d,  1843.  Dis  parents,  who  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  the  Maumee  valley,  were 
married  at  Providence,  on  the  Maumee  river,  in 
I S35,  or  thereabout.  They  subsetpiently  moved  to 
Perry  county,  Ohio,  and  from  there,  in  1846,  removed  to 
Toledo  in  the  same  State,  where  they  have  since  resided. 
He  was  educated  primarily  in  the  public  schools  of  Toledo, 
and  completed  his  literary  education  at  the  University  in 
Granville,  Ohio.  Upon  relinquishing  school  life  he  entered 
the  office  of  his  uncle,  v ho  was  then,  1S59,  Recorder  of 
Lucas  county,  Ohio,  and  acted  as  his  deputy  for  two  years. 
At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  commenced  the  reading 
of  law  in  1863,  entered  the  office  of  Edward  Bissell,  and  in 
1S65  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  to  a partnership  with  his 
preceptor.  The  firm  thus  constituted  still  exists,  and  is  a 
leading  one  in  Toledo,  where  there  are  to-day  more  than 
one  hundred  resident  legal  practitioners.  He  has  exhibited 
great  skill  and  well-directed  energy  in  the  conduct  cf 
various  important  cases.  On  one  occasion  he  successfully 
conducted  a suit  for  the  occupants  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  land  in  the  centre  of  Toledo,  valued  at  over  one 
million  of  dollars,  the  title  to  which  was  involved  in  the 
suit ; the  claimants  were  the  heirs  of  one  Ford,  a privateer 
in  the  war  of  1812,  who  was  then  living  at  Fell’s  Point, 
Baltimore,  Maryland.  The  case  hinged  on  the  legitimacy 
of  a daughter  who,  the  claimants  alleged,  was  born  while 
the  aforesaid  Ford  was  a prisoner  of  war  in  Plymouth,  Eng- 
land, and  was  illegitimate.  He  spent  a large  portion  of  the 
spring  and  winter  of  1874  in  Maryland  and  the  District  of 
Columbia  in  taking  testimony  in  this  important  case.  The 
final  result  established  the  legitimacy  of  the  child,  and  hence 
the  title  of  his  clients.  Political  office  of  a partisan  nature 
he  has  never  either  sought  or  accepted.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  present  excellent  public  free  library  of 
Toledo,  and  for  many  years  served  efficiently  as  Chairman 
of  its  Lecture  Committee.  In  connection  with  Hon.  DeWitt 
Davis,  of  Milwaukee,  he  organized  also  the  Northwestern 
Lecture  Bureau  in  1865,  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  He  has  fre- 
(piently  contributed  articles  on  law  and  literary  subjects  to 
the  magazines  of  the  country,  and  is  the  possessor  of  a varied 
and  valuable  fund  of  information  of  a very  diversified  char- 
acter. The  Republican  party  has  always  commanded  his 


232 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVL  DIA. 


sympathies  and  support.  He  was  married,  October  6th, 
lS6S,  to  Alice  Fuller  Skinner,  daughter  of  Dr.  S.  \V.  Skin- 
ner, of  Windsor,  Connecticut,  now  of  Toledo,  Ohio. 


CRIBNER,  CHARLES  HARVEY,  Law'yer,  was 
born  on  the  20th  of  October,  1826,  near  Norwalk, 
Connecticut,  and  is  of  English  descent.  While 
still  a child  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  it  was  in  the  common 
schools  of  that  city  that  he  acquired  the  rudiments 
of  his  education.  In  i8j8  his  parents  removed  to  the  vil- 
lage of  Homer,  in  Licking  county,  Ohio,  and  there  in  the 
district  schools  his  education  was  continued.  Going  to 
school  was  scarcely  the  chief  occupation  of  his  boyhood, 
however.  He  was  a farmer’s  boy,  and  his  attendance  at 
school  was  intermittent,  as  that  of  a farmer’s  boy  is  apt  to 
be.  .So,  working  on  the  farm  in  summer  and  going  to 
school  in  winter,  he  passed  his  time  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age.  Then  he  left  the  farm,  and  gave  up  the  dis- 
trict school.  He  went,  at  that  time,  as  an  apprentice  to 
learn  the  trade  of  saddler  and  harness-maker.  Not  that  he  | 
had  made  Up  his  own  mind  to  pass  the  remainder  of  his  , 
d.ays  in  a saddler’s  shop.  He  had  marked  out  a different 
career  for  himself,  and  wrought  industriously  to  fit  himself 
for  it.  He  worked  hard  at  the  acquisition  of  his  mechanical 
trade  during  the  day,  and  then  at  night  he  worked  just  as 
hard  studying  law.  His  night  work  was  so  effective  that, 
in  October,  1848,  he  w.as  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Mount  Ver- 
non, as  a practising  lawyer.  He  commenced  the  practice 
of  bis  profession  at  Mount  Vernon  in  the  year  1849,  and  in 
1850  he  entered  into  a professional  partnership  with  1 1.  B. 
Curtis,  of  that  place.  This  partnership  continued  until  June, 
1^9,  when  the  firm  separated,  and  he  removed  to  Toledo, 
There  he  entered  into  a law  partnership  with  F.  H.  Hurd. 
He  has  remained  at  Toledo  ever  since,  and  his  partnership 
with  Mr.  Hurd  still  continues,  the  style  of  the  firm  being 
Scribner,  Hurd  & Scribner.  His  success  in  his  profession  1 
has  been  great,  and  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading 
lawyers  of  Toledo.  During  the  twenty-seven  years  since  he 
entered  the  profession,  he  has  been  engaged  in  some  of  the 
notable  legal  Cases  that  have  come  before  the  courts  in 
which  he  has  practised,  in  Toledo  and  elsewhere.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a Democrat,  and  in  October,  lS67,he  was  elected 
a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Senate  from  the  district  com-- 
prising  Holmes,  Wayne,  Knox  and  Morrow  counties. 
While  in  the  Senate  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee. In  the  spring  of  1S73  he  was  elected  a member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention.  He  was  also  nominated  for 
Supreme  Judge  on  the  same  ticket  with  Governor  Allen, 
and  was  defeated  by  only  a small  majority.  The  practice 
of  his  profession  does  not  absorb  all  his  strength  and  energy. 
He  is  also  Director  of  the  Toledo  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company,  and  is  attorney  at  Toledo  for  the  Cincinnati, 


Hamilton  & Dayton  Railroad.  He  married,  October  20th, 
1847,  Mary  E.  Morehouse,  of  Newark,  New  Jersey. 


URRAY,  ORSON  SMITH,  a Teacher  and  Incul- 
cator  of  Morality  and  Philanthropy,  was  born  in 
Orwell,  Vermont,  September  23,  1806.  His 
paternal  progenitors,  (Murray  and  Plum,)  were 
of  Scotch  and  Scotch-Irish  origin;  his  maternal, 
(Bascom  and  Stevens,)  Welch  and  English.  His 
parents,  Jonathan  Murray  and  Roselinda  Bascom,  went  to 
Vermont  from  Guilford,  Connecticut,  and  Newport,  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  educated  into  the  Congregationalist  and 
Roger  Williams-Baptist  religions;  and  was  baptized  into  the 
church  of  the  latter,  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  He  inherited  an 
organization,  and  was  nursed  and  fostered  into  a thirst,  for 
knowledge.  Was  the  oldest  of  eleven  children  ; and  his 
parents  were  unalrle  to  afford  him  more  than  common  school 
and  limited  academic  opportunities  for  learning.  His  inspira- 
tions, his  desire  for  knowledge,  his  aspirations  after  attain- 
ments in  scholarship  and  useful  learning,  received  from 
his  parents,  were  stimulated,  strengthened  and  enlarged, 
when  he  was  seven  years  old,  by  Silas  Wright,  who  was 
then  his  school-teacher.  He  was  occupied  with  school- 
learning, school-teaching  and  farming  work,  during  his 
minority;  and  thus  occupied  for  himself  till  he  had  a wife 
and  two  children.  After,  by  his  own  energies,  carrying  him- 
self through  a course  of  studies  in  Castleton  and  Shoreham 
academies,  and  receiving  a license  as  a Baptist  preacher,  he 
purchased  the  Ver?ito>it  Telegraph,  the  Baptist  paper  for  the 
State,  and  published  it,  at  Brandon,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  denomination,  making  his  first  issue  as  editor  and  pub- 
lisher, October  i,  1835.  Among  leading  objects  in  this 
undertaking  were,  the  moralizing  and  humanizing  of  the 
Christian  church  and  world,  as  in  relation  to  slavery,  human 
slaughter,  rum,  tobacco  and  licentiousness.  He  had  been 
among  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  publicly  to  advocate  total 
abstinence  from  all  alcoholic  liquors  as  beverages  for  peojrle 
in  health,  and  especially  in  the  spring  of  life.  This  was 
done  through  the  Castleton  Statesman  and  Vermont  Tele- 
graph, previously  to  his  purchase  of  the  latter.  He  after- 
ward became  convinced,  and  taught,  that  bad  eating  is  as 
great  an  evil  as  bad  drinking ; and  exemplified  his  doctrine  . 
by  several  years  of  faithful  practice,  in  refraining  from  ani- 
mal food — in  accordance  with  the  views  of  Epicurus  and 
Sylvester  Graham  ; but  became  convinced  that  any  desirable 
change  in  this  regard  could  only  be  effected  gradually. 

1 le  was  the  procurer  of  the  passage,  by  the  Vermont  Legis- 
lature, of  the  first  resolution  by  a State  Legislature,  instruct- 
ing Senators  and  requesting  Representatives  in  Congress,  to 
use  their  endeavors  for  the  abolition  of  slavery  and  the  trade 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  suppression  of  the 
inter-State  traffic.  He  assisted,  as  the  only  delegate  from 
Vermont,  in  the  formation  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery  So- 
ciety, in  Philadelphia,  in  December,  1833;  and  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LHIA. 


233 


spring  following  org:inized,  in  Vermont,  the  first  State  ' 
Society  auxiliary  thereto.  He  sympathized  and  co-operated 
with  John  R.  McDowal,  in  his  endeavors  to  expose  and  do 
away  with  libertinism  and  prostitution  in  general,  and  in  the  ^ 
church  in  particular.  At  the  end  of  six  years  publishing  of  j 
the  Telegraph  as  a religious  paper,  he  parted  with  his  re- 
ligious brethren,  for  want  of  agreement  in  faith  and  practice 
— in  the  use  of  means  for  human  enlargement  and  general  j 
improvement.  He  published  the  Telegraph  two  years 
longer  in  the  interests  of  morality — of  humanity.  When 
Horace  Greeley,  Albert  Brisbane,  George  Ripley,  \\  illiam  | 
Henry  Channing,  and  others  were  advocating  fourierism, 
he  gave  in  his  adhesion  to  what  seemed  to  him  the  more 
beneficent  philosophy  advocated  and  practiced  by  Robert 
Owen.  January  l,  1844,  he  started  the  Regenerator,  a 
weekly  journal,  at  29  Ann  street,  New  York,  under  the 
motto — Ignorance  the  Evil — Knowledge  the  Remedy R At 
the  end  of  six  months,  he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  published 
in  a log-cabin,  on  Fruit-Hills  farm,  in  Warren  county,  till 
March,  1856.  He  was  prevented  continuance  in  publishing, 
by  the  death  of  his  oldest  son,  Carlos,  who  had  just  arrived 
at  maturity;  whose  assistance  as  a practical  printer,  as  a 
sympathizer  in  his  father’s  advance-views  and  as  a useful 
and  promising  writer,  was  indispensable  to  success,  against 
the  odds  he  had  to  contend  with  in  surrounding  and  attend- 
ing adverse  circumstances.  During  all  these  twenty  years 
of  publishing,  except  the  six  months  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  he  clung  to  the  soil,  from  which,  as  much  as  possible, 
to  obtain  his  bread — that  he  might  the  better  maintain  his 
rectitude,  his  fidelity  to  his  convictions,  as  a public  teacher 
and  exemplar.  During  the  past  autumn,  (1875,)  a visiting 
friend  was  inquisitive  to  know  how  to  define,  or  designate, 
Mr.  Murray’s  position  as  in  relation  to  existing  religions. 
His  inquiring  friend  was  permitted  to  apply  to  his  case,  if 
he  pleased,  the  term.  Radical  Protestant — his  belief  being 
that  to  define  any  religion  is  to  destroy  it  for  any  good  pur- 
pose;— just  as  M.  D.  Conway  declared,  in  one  of  his  late 
lectures  in  Cincinnati,  that  to  define  a god  is  to  destroy  it — 
a belief  which  Mr.  Murray  has,  in  substance,  entertained 
and  taught  much  longer  and  plainer  than  has  Mr.  Conway. 
Mr.  Murray  accepts,  takes  and  carries  to  its  legitimate  con- 
clusions, the  old-time  pulpit-preaching — not  yet  altogether 
given  up  by  religionists — that  religion  and  morality  are  in- 
imical, antagonistical  : that  the  works  of  the  moralist  are 
preventive  of  the  works  of  the  religionist — and  so  the  works 
of  the  religionist  must  be  preventive  of  the  works  of  the 
moralist : that  religion  and  morality  lead  into  parting-off 
paths,  separated  by  an  impassable  gulf;  into  adverse  ways, 
to  opposite  results:  that  it  is  important  to  hold  up  to  view, 
and  to  demonstrate  these  distinctions  : that  religion,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  etymological  meaning  of  the  word,  in  the 
heathen  original,  ties,  tethers,  binds,  enslaves  : that  it  re- 
quires human  sacrifice;  subsists  on  human  ignorance;  in- 
flames pa.ssions,  excites  prejudices,  creates  ill  will  and  bad 
neighborhood;  causes  strifes,  hates,  jealousies,  enmities, 

30 


persecutions,  wars  and  human  destruction  : — whereas 
morality  is  applied  good  will;  is  practiced  humanity;  is 
charity,  peace,  enlightenment  and  enlargement,  elevation 
and  salvation.  That,  possessing  brains,  practicing  mu-scular 
and  intellectual  activity  and  listening  to  the  voice  of  a 
morally  cultivated  conscience,  “ a man  is  a man  ; ” — that 
these  qualifications  and  actions  constitute  true  manhood  and 
positive,  genuine,  needed  usefulness.  That  evidence  is 
more  and  better  than  authority  : that  the  true  teaching  is  by 
the  presentation  of  evidence.  That  to  be  taught  and  gov- 
erned by  authority  is  to  be  led  and  to  stumble  in  darkness  : 
while  to  be  taught  and  governed  by  evidence,  is  to  be  led 
and  to  walk  in  light.  That  fear  is  a bad,  vitiating  motive; 
a brutal  restraint,  necessitated  only  by  ignorance;  and  that 
its  exercise  tends  to  the  augmentation  and -perpetuation  of 
the  ignorance.  In  regard  to  creative,  controlling,  governing 
power — ruling,  regulating  force — he  holds  and  teaches  that 
where  the  power  is  there  the  responsibility  is  : that  creators 
are  to  be  held  accountable  for  their  works  of  creation  ; that 
parents  are  to  be  held  accountable  for,  and  to,  their  children  ; 
that  the  controllers  of  human  interests — the  orderers,  the 
regulators,  the  disposers  of  human  destinies — are  to  be  held 
accountable  for  their  use  of  power.  He  derives  the  highest 
motives  for  human  improvement  from  the  purest,  most  un- 
adulterated materialism — the  idea  being  that  as  the  organiza- 
tion is,  so  the  manifestation  must  be : that  the  purity,  the 
excellence,  the  goodness,  of  the  propagated,  depends  on 
these  qualities  in  the  propagators  : that  as  are  the  parents 
so  will  be  the  children — -all  attending  circumstances  being 
equal-^;?«/  tnaterially,  then  morally  and  intellectually — 
first  by  creation,  then  by  culture.  That  it  is  absurdity,  is 
confusion — is  putting  darkness  for  light — to  think  of  purify- 
ing bodies  by  attempting  to  purify  “ minds,”  “ souls,” 
“ spirits,” — purifying  organizations  by  attempting  to  purify 
their  manifestations  : that  such  is  the  work  of  undertaking 
to  purify  poisoned  fountains  by  purifying  the  poisoned 
waters  which  flow  from  them — to  purify  poisonous  trees  by 
purifying  the  fruits  borne  by  them.  That  this  materialistic 
teaching  and  practice  is  prevention  ; and  that  without  this, 
all  curative  processes — religious  or  other — will  be  futile  en- 
deavor, fatal  illusion.  That  here — on  this  materialistic 
basis— is  the  only  ground  of  charity  : that  all  human  beings 
are  throughout  their  entire  existences,  the  creatures  of  cir- 
cumstances ; while  more  or  less  they  are  also  the  creators  of 
circumstances.  Mr.  Murray  has  for  many  years  been  an 
advocate  of  the  equality  of  woman  with  man  before  the 
law  ; and  of  equal  virtue  for  law-making — the  equal  virtue 
of  morality  and  intellectuality,  of  talents  and  attainments  in 
these  respects — regardless  of  sex.  His  views  in  this  regard 
were  presented  in  writing  for  the  consideration  of  the  late 
Ohio  Constitutional  Convention.  Against  the  religious 
movement,  which  has  been  going  on  during  the  past  ten 
years,  fcr  the  impairment,  the  vitiation,  the  corruption,  of 
our  National  and  State  Constitutions  and  statutes,  he  has 
from  time  to  time  addressed  protests  and  remonstrances  to 


234 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


Congress,  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention.  Mr.  Murray  is  an  original  thinker;  a vigorous, 
effective  writer ; a dear,  forcible,  demonstrative  reasoner. 
In  person,  he  is  tali,  sinewy  and  energetic.  Now  in  his 
seventieth  year,  he  manifests  no  abatement  of  interest  in  en- 
terprises for  human  improvement ; no  impairment  of  mem- 
ory ; no  lack  of  intellectual  force.  In  1827,  Mr.  Murray 
married  Catherine  Maria  Higgins,  of  the  Baptist  Society, 
in  Orwell,  where  they  both  had  grown  up.  They  lived  to- 
gether thirty-three  years,  till  her  death  in  i860.  She  was  a 
woman  of  sterling  qualities — of  inherited  and  cultivated  ex- 
cellencies. They  had  nine  children.  Six — (Carlos  Orson, 
Marsena  Messer,  Charles  Burleigh,  Rachel  Robinson,  Rose- 
linda  Bascom  and  Ichabod  Higgins) — grew  to  maturity. 
All  these,  except  Carlos,  have  married  and  are  raising  fam- 
ilies of  children.  In  1865,  Mr.  Murray  married  lanthe 
Poor,  whose  sympathies  with  his  tastes  and  teachings,  and 
whose  personal,  practical  loving-kindnesses  he  recognizes 
and  appreciates  as  protractive  of  his  days  of  enjoyment, 
and  helpful  in  any  remaining  usefulness. 


fOYES,  HON.  EDWARD  FOLLENSBEE,  Gov- 
ernor of  Ohio  from  1872  to  1874,  was  born  at 
Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  on  October  3d,  1832, 
and  is  the  son  of  Theodore  and  Hannah  Noyes. 
At  three  years  of  age  he  was  left  an  orphan  and 
was  then  taken  charge  of  by  his  grandparents  at 
East  Kingston,  New  Hampshire.  At  twelve  years  of  age, 
on  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  he  was  taken  into  the 
family  of  his  guardian,  Joseph  Hoyt,  of  Newton,  New 
Hampshire.  At  thirteen  the  youth  took  care  of  twenty  head 
of  cattle,  worked  on  the  farm  in  summer,  and  in  winter  made 
a daily  pilgrimage  of  four  miles  and  daily  cut  and  piled  his 
half-cord  of  swamp  maples.  At  fourteen  years  of  age  he 
was  apprenticed  as  a printer  in  the  office  of  the  Morning 
Star,  published  at  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years  and  then,  desiring  a liberal  education, 
prepared  for  and  entered  Dartmouth  College,  where  he 
graduated  high  in  his  class  in  1857.  At  this  period  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  at  Exeter,  New  Hamphire,  in  the  office 
of  Stickney  & Tuck;  the  latter,  Amos  Tuck,  was  for  many 
years  a member  of  Congress  of  note.  Accidentally  visiting 
Cincinnati  in  the  winter  of  1857-58  he  was  induced  to  re- 
main, where  he  continued  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
Tilden,  Rairden  & Curwen.  In  1858  he  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Cincinnati.  Business  opened  auspi- 
ciously, and  the  way  to  success  seemed  short,  when  the 
tocsin  of  war  sounding  in  1861,  he  volunteered  in  the  service 
of  the  Union.  On  the  20th  of  August  the  39th  Ohio  In- 
fintry  took  the  field  witli  John  Croeslieck  as  Colonel,  A.  W. 
Gilbert  as  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Edward  F.  Noyes  as 
Major.  This  regiment  was  sent  to  Missouri,  where  General 


Fremont  was  in  command.  Early  in  1862  the  regiment 
was  under  General  Tope  in  the  capture  of  New  Madrid  ami 
Island  Number  Ten.  After  tliis  he  was  for  a brief  period 
on  the  staff  of  that  officer.  In  October,  1862,  Noyes  was 
commissioned  Colonel  and  took  command  of  his  regiment, 
his  superiors  having  left  the  service.  He  took  an  active 
pal  t in  the  battles  of  luka  and  Corinth  under  General  Rose- 
crans,  and  under  General  G.  M.  Dodge  in  the  operations 
against  Forrest  and  other  rebel  generals  in  the  Tuscumbia 
valley.  The  regiment  was  under  Sherman  in  the  famous 
Atlanta  campaign.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1864,  while  most 
gallantly  leading  an  assault  upon  the  enemy’s  works  at 
Ruffs  Mills,  Mcojack  Creek,  Georgia,  he  was  severely 
wounded,  and  suffered  the  amputation  of  a limb  upon  the 
field.  Five  weeks  later  he  endured  a second  amputation  at 
Cincinnati,  which  would  have  ended  his  career  but  for  a 
vigorous  constitution  and  a frame  hardened  by  healthy  labor 
and  temperate  habits.  In  October,  while  still  on  crutches, 
he  reported  for  duty  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
Camp  Dennison.  While  there  he  was,  without  solicitation 
on  his  part,  elected  City  Solicitor  for  Cincinnati,  when  he 
resigned  his  commission  in  the  army.  By  the  recommenda- 
tion of  General  Sherman  and  others  he  had  been  brevetted 
Brigadier-General,  to  take  date  from  July  4th.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Hamilton  county,  then  a 
highly  lucrative  office.  In  the  fall  of  1871  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  Cincinnati,  and  the  next  year  received 
the  nomination  for  Governor  by  the  Republican  party.  He 
canvassed  the  State,  and  made  a most  brilliant  campaign, 
and  was  elected  by  over  20,000  majority.  He  is  a natural 
orator  of  a poetical  temperament,  overflowing  with  humor, 
gifted  with  the  power  of  pathos,  and  with  a clear,  ringing, 
musical  voice.  These  qualities  told  with  great  effect  during 
the  canvass.  Fourteen  years  previously  he  had  come  into 
the  State  a stranger,  a young  man  without  means ; but  he 
soon  made  hosts  of  friends  by  his  sunshiny,  happy  disposi- 
tion, his  kindly,  courteous  manners,  and  generous,  enthusi- 
astic ardor  in  all  good  things,  and  now  he  had  attained  the 
highest  honor  within  the  gift  of  the  people  of  the  great  Com- 
monwealth. Two  years  later  he  was  again  nominated  for 
the  office  by  acclamation,  but  was  defeated  by  Governor 
Allen  in  a majority  of  but  a few  hundred  in  a vote  of  nearly 
half  a million.  The  administration  of  Governor  Noyes  was 
marked  by  generous  treatment  of  his  opponents  and  his 
speeches  by  the  spirit  of  conciliation.  He  was  among  the 
first  to  advocate  a general  amnesty,  while  he  at  the  same  time 
demanded  civil  and  political  rights  for  the  colored  race.  He 
was  again  a candidate  for  Governor  in  1873,  de- 

feated. He,  however,  received  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
Republicans  in  the  Legislature  for  the  United  States  .Senate. 
On  February  15th,  1S63,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Wil- 
son Proctor,  of  Kingston,  New  Hampshire.  He  is  now  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati,  and,  enjoying  a 
high  reputation  as  a lawyer  and  a man,  commands  a large 
and  influential  clientelage. 


I ’ 


,.M 


n‘  • • . * • *-**•• 

■ - ■ ■ .,  - ;* 


*r 


* / 


fte  . 


bT.. 


■ «.  »•  • ''  • 


) 


I t 


» ' 


Air  - • . 

T ' 

v.„ 


iikJirv^d 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


235 


t 


I 


^OLLIMS,  CHARLES  IL,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Maysville,  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  April  15th, 
1S34..  He  was  the  sixth  child  in  a family  of 
eight  children  v.’hose  parents  were  Richard  Col- 
lins and  Mary  A.  (Armstrong)  Collins.  His 
father,  a native  of  New  Jersey,  followed  through 
life  the  profession  of  law,  and  also  for  a time  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  iSoi  Richard  Collins  moved  to 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  with  his  father’s  family,  whence,  in 
after  life,  he  removed  to  Hillsborough,  Highland  county, 
in  the  same  State ; subsequently  he  settled  in  Maysville, 
Kentucky,  where,  and  also  in  the  former  place,  he  became 
well  known  as  a successful  and  brilliant  legal  practitioner; 
he  became  also  a general  of  militia,  served  in  the  Ohio 
I.egislature  through  three  terms,  was  a member  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Legislature  also  through  three  terms,  and  was  the 
first  President  of  the  Maysville  & Lexington  Railroad  ; his 
decease  occurred  at  his  old  homestead,  in  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  in  1855.  C.  H.  Collins’  mother,  a native  of  Mays- 
ville, Kentucky,  was  a daughter  of  John  Armstrong,  a 
prominent  merchant  and  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that 
county;  she  died  in  1838.  His  paternal  grandfather,  John 
Collins,  was  an  early  and  widely  esteemed  settler  of  Cler- 
mont county,  Ohio;  his  maternal  grandfather  died  in  1851. 
Jlis  preliminary  education  was  liberal,  and  received  at  the 
Maysville  Academy,  where  he  graduated  in  1850,  at  the 
youthful  age  of  sixteen.  After  his  graduation  he  became 
bookkeeper  in  the  house  of  John  W.  Ellis  & Co.,  dry-goods 
merchants,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  At  the  expiration  of  one 
year,  spent  in  this  establishment,  he  began  the  reading  of 
law,  under  the  supervision  of  Thomas  J.  Gallagher,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  the  Queen  City.  During  the  follow- 
ing four  years  he  devoted  himself  sedulously  to  the  study 
of  his  text-books,  and  in  1855,  after  passing  the  required 
examination,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Batavia,  Ohio.  In 
the  course  of  the  ensuing  year  he  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Clermont  County,  and  served  in  that  office  for 
a period  of  two  years.  In  1858  he  moved  to  Missouri, 
settling  in  Lexington,  where  he  was  engaged  in  professional 
labors  until  1864.  In  January  of  this  year  he  returned  to 
Ohio  and  established  his  office  at  Hillsborough,  Highland 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  the  fortunate  possessor 
of  a highly  remunerative  legal  business  and  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  the  bar  and  the  general  community.  In  1866  he 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  the  position  of  Common 
Pleas  Judge  for  Highland,  Ross  and  P'ayette  counties. 
Politically,  he  is  a supporter  of  Democratic  principles  and 
measures,  while  his  religious  convictions  are  embodied  in  the 
formula  of  the  Methodist  Church.  His  integrity  of  character 
is  unassailable;  his  social  demeanor  is  pleasant  and  affable, 
and  his  literary  and  professional  attainments  are  of  a high 
order  of  merit.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Mary  E.  Tice,  of 
Bethel,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  a daughter  of  C.  C.  Tice, 
an  early  pioneer  of  that  section  of  the  .State.  C.  H.  Collins, 
in  addition  to  his  high  standing  at  the  bar,  has  acquired 


considerable  reputation  as  a writer  for  the  press.  His  con- 
tributions both  in  prose  and  poetry  have  been  varied  and 
numerous,  and  he  is  a standard  among  his  fellow-citizens 
in  matters  of  literary  criticism. 


AITE,  HON.  MORRISON  RENNICK,  LL.  D., 
Lawyer,  and  the  present  Chief-Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  was  born, 
November  29th,  1S16,  at  Lyme,  Connecticut,  and 
is  a son  of  the  late  Henry  Matson  and  Maria 
Waite;  the  former  was  a Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Connecticut  from  1834  to  1854,  and  from  the 
latter  year  until  1857  he  was  Chief-Justice;  he  died, 
December  14th,  1869,  in  his  eighty-third  year.  Morrison 
completed  his  education  at  Yale  College,  graduating  there- 
from in  the  class  of  1837,  among  whose  members  were 
Hon.  Edwards  Pierrepont  and  William  M.  Evarts.  Imme- 
diately after  leaving  college  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 
the  law  with  his  father,  and  remained  there  until  October, 
1838,  when  he  removed  to  Maumee  county,  Ohio,  continu- 
ing his  studies  in  the  office  of  Samuel  M.  Young,  a promi- 
nent attorney  of  that  section.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Ohio  in  October,  1839;  prior  to  which  date,  however, 
he  had  formed  a business  connection  with  his  preceptor, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Young  & W'aite,  which  parlner.ship 
lasted  until  1852.  He  represented  the  Maumee  district  in 
the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature  during  the  years  1849 
and  1850,  and  after  the  expiration  of  his  term,  in  the  latter 
year,  he  removed  to  Toledo,  where  he  has  ever  since  re- 
sided. In  1858  he  associated  Richard  Waite  with  him, 
under  the  name  and  style  of  M.  R.  & R.  \Vaite,  which  firm 
continued  until  1874.  In  the  year  1862  he  ran  as  an  inde- 
pendent conservative  Republican,  in  the  Tenth  Congres- 
sional District  of  Ohio,  against  James  M.  Ashley,  the 
regular  Republican  nominee,  and  also  against  a regular 
Democratic  opponent.  The  election,  however,  resulted  in 
Ashley’s  being  chosen  by  a plurality  of  1127  votes  over 
Waite,  although  in  an  actual  minority  of  4105.  On  each 
subsequent  election  Ashley  lost  ground  through  the  active 
and  repeated  oratorical  assaults  of  Judge  Waite,  who  threw 
the  whole  weight  of  his  influence  against  him  until  he  was 
finally  defeated.  In  November,  1871,  Judge  W’aite  was 
selected  by  President  Grant  as  one  of  the  three  counsel  to 
represent  the  United  .States  before  the  Tribunal  of  Arbitra- 
tion, at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  his  associates  being  Hons. 
William  M.  Evarts  and  Caleb  Cushing.  In  this  position 
he  acquitted  himself  admirably.  He  returned  from  this 
duty  in  November,  1872.  During  this  same  year  his  Alma 
Mater  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws.  During  the  following  year  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  Revise  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  Ohio,  and  on  its  organization  was  elected  President 


236 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXVCLOP.LDIA. 


of  that  body.  On  January  19th,  1873,  on  motion  of  Caleb 
Cushing,  he  was  admitted  to  practise  as  a counsellor  at  law 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  and  precisely 
one  year  thereafter  he  was  nominated  by  President  Grant  as 
Chief-Justice  of  that  august  tribunal,  and  having  been  con- 
firmed by  the  Senate  he  took  the  oath  of  office,  March  4lh, 
1874.  Outside  of  his  profession  he  is  regarded  as  a close 
student,  and  consequently  of  considerable  attainments,  being 
especially  versed  in  constitutional  law.  Me  was  married, 
September  21st,  1S40,  to  Amelia  C.  Warner. 


'URTIS,  HENRY  BARNES,  Capitalist  and  Attor- 
ney-at-Law,  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  was  born  near 
the  village  of  Champlain,  New  York,  on  Novem- 
ber 28lh,  1799.  His  father,  Z.irah  Curtis,  son 
of  Jothan  Curds,  a captain  in  the  Revolutionaiy 
war,  was  born  in  Litchfield  county,  Connecticut, 
in  the  year  1762,  and  at  an  early  age  entered  the  Conti- 
nental army,  under  the  command  of  his  father,  and  also 
served  as  a warrant  officer  in  Captain  Webb’s  company,  of 
Colonel  Sheldon’s  regiment  of  dragoons,  and  remained  in 
the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His  mother,  for- 
merly Phalley  Yale,  was  a descendant  of  the  Yales  and 
Hosmers,  among  the  oldest  families  of  Connecticut,  and 
who  traced  their  ancestry  beyond  the  reign  of  Henry  VlII. 
His,  elder  brother,  the  Hon.  Hosmer  Curtis,  died  at 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  in  1S74,  at  the  age  of  eighty-five.  His 
younger  brother.  General  Samuel  R.  Curtis,  who  com- 
manded at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge  in  the  late  war,  died  at 
Council  Bluffs,  December,  1S66,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one 
years.  His  parents  first  moved  from  Connecticut  to 
Charlotte,  Vermont,  and  afterwards  to  Champlain,  settling 
on  a farm  on  the  waters  of  that  lake,  near  the  village  of  the 
same  name.  In  1S09,  when  Henry  was  in  his  tenth  year, 
the  family  removed  to  Newark,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  oc- 
cupying two  and  a half  months  in  the  removal,  and  some 
years  later  to  a small  farm  on  the  waters  of  South  P'ork,  in 
the  same  county,  where  the  family  resided  when  Henry  left 
home.  His  father  afterwards  moved  to  a farm  in  W'ashing- 
ton  township,  same  county,  where  he  died  in  1849,  his 
eighty-eighth  year,  respected  and  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
liini.  Newark  was  but  a small  hamlet  when  the  family 
first  settled  there,  and  the  opportunities  of  receiving  an 
education  were  very  limited  ; but  with  that  energy  and  in- 
domitable perseverance  which  have  since  characterized  his 
pursuits  in  the  struggles  of  life  he  applied  himself  diligently 
to  his  studies,  and  was  thereby  enabled  to  gain  an  educa- 
tion superior  to  that  generally  obtained  by  the  youth  of  that 
period,  and  this  was  further  perfected  by  private  tuition 
during  the  first  year  of  his  subsequent  residence  at  Mount 
Vernon.  While  pursuing  his  studies  he  rendered  all  pos- 
sible assistance  to  his  father  in  his  farm  work.  This  was 
continued  until  he  arrived  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  when  he 


left  his  father’s  home,  and  with  full  confidence  in  his  own 
abilities,  which  time  proved  to  have  been  well  founded, 
started  on  foot  for  Mount  Vernon,  where  his  elder  brother 
resided,  determined  to  fight  the  battle  of  life.  Here  he 
arrived  on  April  2Sth,  1817,  and  entered  the  town  with  but 
twenty-five  cents  in  his  pockets.  With  his  brother’s  as- 
sistance he  soon  gained  a situation  in  the  office  of  the 
County  Clerk  of  the  Court,  and  by  close  application  to  the 
duties  of  his  position  soon  secured  the  appointment  of 
Deputy  Clerk,  and  had  also  the  work  of  the  clerk  chiefly 
to  devolve  upon  him.  His  official  duties  brought  him  in 
contact  with  all  the  prominent  lawyers  of  that  day  in  this 
part  of  the  State,  and  by  his  readiness  to  please,  and  prompt 
and  strict  attention  to  and  accuracy  in  business,  won  for 
himself  their  friendly  esteem  and  confidence;  and  his 
youthful  mind  being  fired  with  the  glory  and  honor  of 
the  profession,  he  entered  his  brother’s  office  a few  years 
later,  as  a student,  and  a]iplied  himself  diligently  to  the 
study  of  the  law.  On  December  9th,  1822,  he  was  ex- 
amined by  Judges  Peas  and  Hitchcock,  of  the  .Supreme 
Court,  and,  having  passed  with  credit  to  himself,  was  ad- 
mitted as  a practising  lawyer.  While  yet  a law  student  he 
was  appointed  to  the  responsible  position  of  County  Re- 
corder, which  he  retained  for  over  seven  years.  This  was 
of  material  aid  to  him,  as  it  at  once  gave  to  him  position, 
and  after  admission  to  the  bar  he  soon  acquired  a large  and 
lucrative  practice,  the  proceeds  of  which  enabled  him  to 
procure  a fine  law  librarv,  of  which  he  well  knew  the  ad- 
vantages and  from  which  it  was  necessary  for  him  to  derive 
all  possible  benefit,  to  be  able  to  successfully  cope  with  the 
lawyers  of  that  day,  and  the  result  shows  how  well  he  ac- 
quitted himself.  His  reputation  soon  gained  him  a practice 
extending  over  many  counties  of  the  .State,  besides  the 
Supreme  and  United  .States  Courts  at  Columbus.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  United  .States  Supreme  Court  at  Washing- 
ton on  January  9th,  1863,  and  after  having  served  for  one- 
h.alf  a century  in  his  profession  he  formally  retired  from 
the  practice  of  law  in  December,  1872.  July  2d,  1823,  he 
was  married  to  his  present  wife,  then  Elizabeth  Hogg,  for- 
merly of  Durham  county,  England,  but  at  that  time  residing 
at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jefferson  county,  Ohio.  In  politics,  he 
is  a Republican  of  the  Whig  school,  and  was  an  active 
worker  in  the  convention  that  organized  the  Republican 
party  in  Ohio.  While  always  identified  with  the  party,  he 
has  ever  preserved  his  independence  and  avoided  the  char- 
acter of  a partisan  ; preferring  the  reputation  of  a good 
private  citizen  and  solid  business  man  rather  than  that  of 
the  politician  and  office-seeker,  the  arena  for  which,  though 
often  solicited  to  enter,  he  always  declined.  In  the  session 
of  the  winter  of  1840-41  he  represented  his  county  in  the 
State  Board  of  Eiiualization,  and  for  over  twelve  years, 
lately  past,  was  a trustee  of  the  Central  Ohio  Lunatic 
Asylum,  acting  for  a greater  portion  of  the  time  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  and  for  the  last  six  years  the  reports  of 
that  institution  have  been  written  by  him.  To  him  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


237 


credit  is  due  for  the  selection  of  the  beautiful  site  whereon 
stands  Kenyon  College,  towards  the  construction  of  which 
he  gave  all  the  material  aid  his  circumstances  would  per- 
mit, in  addition  to  his  personal  work.  While  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that  learned  institution  he  intro- 
duced and,  after  some  opposition,  carried  through  the  reso- 
lution recommending  a survey  of  the  surplus  lands,  w’hereby 
they  were  brought  into  the  market  and  were  made  produc- 
tive of  a large  income  to  the  college.  In  1848  he  organ- 
ized and  was  appointed  President  of  the  Knox  County 
Bank,  of  Mount  Vernon,  with  a capital  of  ;^loo,ooo.  This 
establishment  was  a branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and 
he  continued  to  hold  the  presidency  during  the  entire  term 
of  its  existence,  a period  of  nearly  twenty  years.  During 
its  organization  he  was  an  active  and  influential  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Control,  which  was  created  under  the 
organic  law  of  the  .State  Bank  of  Ohio — a body  noted  for  its 
talent  and  financial  learning,  and  for  the  abilities  and  elo- 
quence displayed  at  its  meetings,  which  were  legislative  in 
form  and  conducted  with  the  strictest  observance  of  Parlia- 
mentary laws  in  the  proceedings.  In  1865  Mr.  Curtis 
organized  the  Knox  County  National  Bank,  of  Mount  Ver- 
non, one  of  the  foremost  institutions  of  the  city,  with  a 
capital  of  8150,000,  and  was  unanimously  chosen  President, 
a position  he  has  continued  to  fill  to  the  present  time. 
During  the  late  war  he  gave  great  aid  and  assistance,  both 
pecuniarily  and  by  personal  effort,  in  organizing  and  equip- 
ping companies  for  the  Union  army,  and  in  maintaining 
public  sentiment  in  support  of  the  war.  Holding  the  office 
of  United  States  Commissioner  for  the  Northern  District  of 
the  United  States  Courts,  his  judicial  functions  were  often 
called  into  requisition  in  support  of  the  same  cause.  In  the 
spring  of  1873  appointed  by  the' President  a member 

of  the  Board  of  Visitors  at  West  Point,  and  rendered  valu- 
able assistance  in  its  work.  He  has  ever  been  one  of  the 
foremost  citizens  in  giving  encouragement  and  substantial 
aid  to  all  projects  having  in  view  the  material  advancement 
of  his  adopted  city ; not  only  in  helping  to  build  railroads, 
to  increase  the  business  of  the  city,  but  especially  in  the 
cause  of  education  and  in  making  permanent  improvements 
in  the  shape  of  private  residences,  warehouses  and  public 
buildings,  all  of  which  are  noticeable  not  only  for  their 
solidity,  but  also  for  their  elegance  of  design  and  architec- 
tural beauty,  he  himself  having  made  architecture  one  of  his 
many  studies.  After  having  spent  three-quarters  of  a cen- 
tury in  active  life,  the  marks  of  which  bear  lightly  upon 
him;  and  having  won  the  well-earned  confidence,  esteem 
and  friendship  of  his  fellow-citizens,  both  poor  and  rich,  he 
still  continues  to  devote  a large  proportion  of  his  time  to 
business,  which  is  rendered  necessary  by  his  large  wealth. 
Personally,  he  is  a genial,  social  gentleman;  kind  of  heart 
and  easy  of  approach  from  all ; and  surrounded  by  his 
numerous  friends  he  is  enjoying  that  ease  and  comfort  due 
him,  after  his  valuable  services,  at  his  beautiful  home, 
“Round  Hill,”  near  Mount  Vernon,  which  is  situated  on 


elevated  ground  and  is  noted  for  its  elegance  and  hos]u- 
tality.  He  has,  residing  in  the  city,  one  son,  Mr.  Henry 
Lambton  Curtis,  of  the  law  firm  of  Devin  & Curtis,  and 
two  daughters,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Plimpton,  and  Mrs.  J.  C.  Devin, 
wife  of  his  son’s  partner. 

a'ORD,  JOSEPH  DANIEL,  Prosecuting  Attorney 

of  Toledo,  Ohio,  was  born,  June  25th,  1841,  in 

Huron  county,  near  Bellevue,  in  that  State,  being 

the  youngest  son  of  Daniel  B.  and  Betsy  H. 

A~ P’ord.  His  father,  who  was  a native  of  New 
^ kJ  . 

Hampshire,  where  for  many  generations  his  an- 
cestors resided,  was  a farmer  by  occupation,  and  an  early 
emigrant  to  Ohio.  Mr.  Ford  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  State  and  of  New  Hampshire, 
at  the  Normal  School  of  Minnesota,  at  Winona,  and  at  the 
Michigan  University  at  Ann  Arbor.  His  instruction  was 
broad  and  liberal,  and  his  culture  in  literature  and  the 
sciences,  as  well  as  in  those  branches  which  are  called  into 
practice  in  every-day  life,  was  thorough  and  comprehensive. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  entered  the  office  of  Messrs.  Baker 
& Collins,  attorneys,  Toledo,  as  a law  student,  in  the  spring 
of  1865.  He  remained  with  them  until  1S67,  when  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  immediately  commenced 
practice,  which  has  been  most  profitable  and  most  honor- 
ably conducted  ever  since,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
when  he  travelled  in  the  Northwest  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health,  during  1869.  In  January,  1S71,  he  became  Pros- 
ecuting Attorney  for  Lucas  County,  Ohio,  and  has  ever 
since  filled  that  high  and  responsible  station.  In  that 
capacity,  single-handed,  he  has  conducted  examinations  and 
arguments,  in  the  most  important  criminal  trials,  against  the 
various  members  of  one  of  the  ablest  bars  of  the  State,  em- 
bracing some  of  the  most  talented  attorneys  who  have  ever 
appeared  before  any  bench  in  this  country.  In  a great 
majority  of  the  cases  he  has  tried,  he  has  secured  convic- 
tions, against  the  most  ingenious  defences  and  against  the 
most  powerful  array  of  counsel.  Mr.'p'ord,  in  addition  to 
his  forensic  and  argumentative  ability,  is  remarkably  skilful 
as  an  examiner  and  as  an  analyzer  of  testimony.  His 
political  affiliations  are  with  the  Republican  party,  of  which 
he  is  an  active  and  influential  member.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  City  Solicitor  of  South  Toledo,  and  was  re-electcd 
in  1870.  In  1871  he  was  chosen  Prosecuting  Attorney, 
and  so  ably  had  he  administered  his  duties,  and  so  impar- 
tially, without  fear  or  favor,  that  the  people  honored  him 
with  a re-election  in  1873,  and  another  in  1875.  He  is 
generally  esteemed  for  his  eminent  talent  as  a lawyer  and 
for  his  faithful  services,  and  it  is  (piite  probable  that  his 
very  large  constituency  destine  him  for  still  more  respon- 
sible public  trusts.  He  was  first  married  to  Sarah  E.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Lorenzo  L.  Morehouse,  of  Waterville,  Ohio,  on 
June  I2th,  1865.  This  lady  did  not  long  survive,  having 
been  in  very  delicate  health  prior  to  her  marriage.  He  was 


238 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.LDIA. 


again  married,  October  I2lh,  1870,  to  Grace  Greenwood 
Moore,  daughter  of  John  A.  Moore,  a leading  dry-goods 
merchant  of  Toledo. 

ISIc,  MAJOR  JAMES  SHARON,  of  the  firm  of 
Parker,  Wise  & Co.,  Manager  of  the  Memphis 
line  of  steamers,  was  born  in  Mercersburg, 
Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  February  8th, 
11^30.  While  in  his  boyhood  he  moved  with  his 
parents — who  are  now  living  at  Westwood,  near 
Cincinn.ati — to  Cokunlnis,  Oliio.  Shortly  after  settlement 
there,  necessity  compelling  him  to  rely  upon  his  own  exer- 
tions and  resources  for  a livelihood,  he  obtained  the  posi- 
tion of  Messenger  in  the  Ohio  State  Senate.  That  jiosition, 
secured  through  the  influence  of  Hon.  David  Barnett,  he 
filled  for  two  years.  James  J.  Faran,  of  the  Cincinnati 
Inquirer,  was  then  Speaker  of  the  House.  At  a. subsequent 
period,  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  resolved  to  seek  his 
fortune  in  Cincinnati,  and  after  travelling  on  foot  to  this 
citv,  halted  at  the  Old  Mansion,  or  Hummel  House,  on  the 
canal.  There  he  met  a friend  in  the  jrroprietor,  Mr.  Kelsey, 
who  induced  Henry  Valett  to  secure  for  him  a place  in  his 
brother’s  hat  store,  where  he  was  soon  inst.alled  as  an 
employe  at  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  week  and  his 
board.  While  thus  employed  he  obtained,  through  the  in- 
fluence of  an  old  friend  of  his  family — Colonel  Latham, 
ex-United  .States  Senator  from  California — the  agency  for 
the  Great  Western  Stage  Company,  which,  in  those  days  of 
stages,  was  an  important  position.  The  little  old  frame 
building,  formerly  standing  near  the  Gibson  House,  was 
used  as  the  office.  This  position  he  held  for  a period  of 
five  years,  until  Colonel  Latham  again  interested  himself  in 
his  behalf,  and  secured  for  him  a place  under  General  P. 
W.  Strader,  as  General  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  the  duties 
of  which  office  he  performed  for  ten  years.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  that  time,  having  been  offered*  favorable  terms  in 
the  river  service,  he  accepted  one  of  the  many  offers  placed 
at  his  disposal,  and  afterward  filled  various  offices  in  the 
steamboat  business  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war. 
He  then  received  a Lieutenant’s  commission  in  the  loth 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  from  Governor 
Dennison.  Sixty  days  after  the  receipt  of  his  commission 
he  was  appointed  by  the  same  official  Major  of  the  4Sth 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  On  the  day  that 
marching  orders  were  given  he  was  offered  one-third  of  the 
entire  ownership  in  a steamboat,  the  offer  being  based  on 
his  desired  resignation  of  his  position  in  the  army.  After 
rejecting  those  proposals,  he  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
the  field,  and  was  connected  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennes- 
see until  the  occurrence  of  the  battle  of  Arkansas  Post. 
There,  on  account  of  sickness,  he  offered  his  resignation, 
desiring  to  return  home.  Colonel  Cockerill,  father  of  John 
A.  Cockerill,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Cincinnati  Inquirer, 
was  then  his  brigade  commander.  But  his  resignation  was 


not  accepted,  while,  as  a substitute,  he  was  granted  leave 
of  absence  by  General  Sherman.  Thereupon  he  started  for 
his  home  on  the  steamer  “ Continental,”  whose  captain, 
John  McClay,  who  had  noticed  with  concern  his  serious 
illness,  exerted  himself  to  the  utmost  to  aid  in  re-establish- 
ing his  health,  and  through  his  humane  efforts  probably 
saved  him  from  death.  After  passing  through  a sickness  of 
two  months,  and  being  discharged  from  his  office  in  the 
army,  and  also  receiving  highly  honorable  mention  from 
General  .Sherman,  he  began  to  look  around  again  for  a new 
place  in  the  business  world.  Five  months  after  the  battle 
of  Arkansas  Post  he  found  himself  commander  of  the 
steamer  “ Eclipse,”  a position  obtained  through  the  friendly 
offices  of  James  W.  Gaff,  Thomas  Gaff,  and  William  E. 
Gibson.  In  this  new  river  venture  he  was  very  successful. 
Under  him  th'e  “ Eclipse  ” entered  the  Government  service  • 
but  within  a brief  period  took  fire  and  was  shattered  by 
explosion,  at  Johnstonville,  on  the  Tennessee  river.  While 
he  was  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  attending  to 
the  settlement  of  the  claims  of  the  “ Eclipse  ” with  the 
Government,  an  effort  was  made  by  a host  of  his  army 
friends  and  others  to  induce  the  Government  to  appoint 
him  Postmaster  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  that  step,  how- 
ever, success  was  not  achieved,  as,  owing  to  divers  reasons, 
he  could  not  accept  the  position.  At  the  present  time  he  is 
a member  of  the  firm  of  Parker,  Wise  & Co.,  and  is  Man- 
ager of  the  Memphis  line  of  steamers.  I'or  the  past  four 
years  he  has  occupied  a place  in  the  City  Council,  and  re- 
cently vvas  renominated  by  the  Republican  party  for  the 
same  position,  and  was  flatteringly  endorsed  by  the  Demo- 
crats of  his  ward  without  opposition.  He  ran  on  the 
Republican  ticket  in  the  fall  of  1875  for  County  Treasurer, 
against  a Democratic  m.ajority  of  7000,  and  was  elected  by 
a majority  of  1483,  which  may  be  taken  as  a sufficient  indi- 
cation of  the  high  estimation  in  which  he  is  generally  held. 
He  has  filled,  also,  several  corporation  offices,  and  is  now 
First  Vice-President  of  the  Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  a valued  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee.  His  private  and  also  his  public  career  has 
been  made  notable  by  various  remarkable  exhibitions  of 
friendship  on  the  part  of  strangers  and  friends.  All  with 
whom  he  has  been  brought  into  contact  have  apparently 
sought,  often  wdth  zealous  perseverance,  to  advance  his 
aims  and  to  further  his  interests.  Through  the  influence  of 
C.  D.  Millar,  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  and  William 
Porter,  foreman  of  the  same  journal,  two  of  his  brothers, 
who  had  moved  to  the  city  in  hopes  of  bettering  their  for- 
tunes, obtained  desir.able  places  in  the  printing  department 
of  the  Commercial.  One  of  these  brothers.  Captain  Robert 
Wise,  is  now  commander  of  the  steamer  “ James  D.  Parker,” 
and  is  one  of  the  most  popular  and  successful  captains  on 
the  river.  Warm-hearted  and  generous  to  a fault,  he  takes 
an  admirably  liberal  view  of  the  opinions  and  failings  of  his 
fellow'-beings,  and  is  widely  and  affectionately  esteemed  for 
his  loyalty  in  friendship  and  his  genial  manners  and  dis- 


BIOGRAPlilCAL  ENCYCLOl’.EDIA. 


239 


1 


course.  Ile.possesses  excellent  business  qualifications,  and 
in  his  administration  of  the  various  affairs  which,  from  time 
to  time,  he  has  conducted,  has  uniformly  secured  the  end 
in  view  and  had  his  labors  crowned  with  gratifying  success. 
He  was  married  June  7th,  1S51,  to  Jane  E.  Voids. 


EID,  W1IITEL.A.W,  Journalist,  Author,  and  Lec- 
turer, was  born  in  Xenia,  Ohio,  in  October,  1837. 
1 1 is  parents  were  Robert  Charlton  Reid  and 
Marian  Whitelaw  (Ronalds)  Reid.  The  father 
of  the  former  was  a native  of  .Scotland,  who  emi- 
grated to  this  country  toward  the  close  of  the  last 
century,  and  settled  in  Kentucky.  Some  years  later,  about 
iSoo,  he  bought  several  hundred  acres  of  land  upon  the 
present  site  of  Cincinnati,  and  removed  thither  with  Ids 
family.  It  is  related  of  him  that  being  a stern  old  Cov- 
enanter, and  a condition  existing  in  tbe  deed  to  his  property 
which  required  him  to  ferry  the  Ohio  river  once  every  day, 
he  disposed  of  his  interests  there  sooner  than  violate  the 
Sabbath,  and  removed  to  Greene  county,  where  he  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  town  of  Xenia.  This  removal, 
from  one  point  of  view,  was  not  very  fortunate  for  him  or 
his  descendants.  Whitelaw  was  fitted  for  college  under  the 
tutorship  of  an  uncle,  the  Rev.  Hugh  M'Millan,  also  a 
Scotch  Covenanter,  and  a man  of  scholarly  attainments  and 
stern  principles.  The  tutor  was  a trustee  of  Miami  Uni- 
versity and  Principal  of  the  academy  at  Xenia.  Under  his 
discipline  the  pupil  was  well  drilled  in  all  that  was  neces- 
sary for  his  entrance  into  a collegiate  course  of  studies.  He 
entered  Miami  University  at  the  age. of  fifteen,  and  in  his 
knowledge  of  Latin  ranked  with  those  in  the  higher  classes. 
He  was  graduated  with  honors  in  1856,  and  soon  after  was 
made  Principal  of  the  graded  schools  at  South  Charleston, 
Ohio,  his  immediate  pupils  being  generally  young  men 
older  than  himself.  The  fruits  of  his  labors  here  confirmed 
his  claim  to  a high  grade  of  scholarship.  He  saved  enough 
from  his  salary  to  repay  his  father  the  expense  of  his  senior 
year  at  college.  In  the  year  1857  he  bought  the  Xenia 
A’ettis,  and  in  the  next  two  years  led  the  life  of  a country 
editor.  Before  this  date  he  had  identified  himself  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  had  stumped  for  Fremont  for  the 
Presidency.  He  was  now  thoroughly  inspired  wdth  tbe 
love  of  journalism,  and  was  rapidly  fitting  himself  for  a 
greater  field  of  labor.  He  was  an  admirer  of  Greeley  and 
a subscriber  of' the  Tribune.  The  Nei.vs  took  a fi)remost 
rank  among  the  political  journals  of  the  State,  and  its  circu- 
lation doubled  under  the  new  management.  Although  a 
friend  of  Salmon  P.  Chase,  his  was  the  first  Western  news- 
paper outside  of  Illinois  that  advocated  the  nomination  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  and  its  influence  caused  the  nomination 
of  a Lincoln  delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention.  He 
afterwards  became  a firm  friend  of  the  President.  He 
entered  so  warmly  into  the  exciting  political  events  of  those 


years  that  his  health  became  impaired,  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  bid  a brief  farewell  to  his  pen  and  voice  and  seek 
relaxation,  but  only  to  seek  another  and  less  exciting  field 
of  labor.  This  he  found  in  the  capacity  of  an  explorer,  be- 
coming one  of  a party  who  visited  the  extreme  head-waters 
of  the  Mississippi  and  St.  Louis  rivers.  Returning  home, 
he  entered  vigorously  into  the  discussion  of  the  issues  before 
the  country,  and  witnessed  with  pride  the  success  of  his 
cause.  Resolving  to  try  his  fortunes  as  a legislative  cor- 
respondent, he  visited  the  capital  of  Ohio.  He  had  written 
a series  of  letters  upon  his  Northwestern  trip  for  the  Cincin- 
nati Gazette.  Finally  he  effected  an  engagement  with  the 
Cincinnati  Times,  at  five  dollars  a week,  to  furnish  a daily 
letter — a considerable  fraction  less  than  a dollar  a day  ! 
Soon  an  offer  came  from  the  Cleveland  Herald  for  the  fur- 
nishing of  a daily  letter  at  fifteen  dollars  a week  ; and  then 
another  from  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  with  a proffer  of  eigh- 
teen dollars.  Here  he  displayed  his  remarkable  facility  as 
a correspondent,  and  he  underwent  a dry  but  severe  literary 
discipline  that  amounted  almost  to  drudgery.  At  the  close 
of  the  se.ssion  he  was  given  the  post  of  City  Editor  cf  the 
Gazette.  This  position  he  held  until  McClellan  commenced 
his  famous  campaign  in  West  Virginia,  when  he  entered 
upon  his  career  as  a war  correspondent.  His  letters  to  the 
Gazette,  over  the  signature  of  “Agate,”  have  passed  into 
history.  The  position  of  Volunteer  Aide  to  General  Morris, 
with  the  rank  of  Captain,  was  given  him.  Having  had  a 
taste  of  active  service  in  this  campaign,  he  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  wrote  leaders  for  the  Gazette  for  a time.  .Soon 
he  resumed  bis  position  of  war  correspondent,  this  time 
upon  the  staff  of  Rosecrans,  and  bearing  his  old  rank. 
Being  now  fairly  established  as  a great  journalist  and  most 
successful  war  correspondent,  but  brief  allusion  will  be 
made  to  his  subsequent  connection  with  the  Western  press. 
His  correspondence  was  copied  in  every  paper  throughout 
the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land.  He  was  chairman  of 
a committee  of  correspondents  that  interviewed  General 
Halleck  when  the  latter  had  a difficulty  with  the  “-gentle- 
men of  the  press,”  which  ended  in  their  withdrawal  from 
the  military  lines.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  visited  Wash- 
ington, and  while  there  was  offered  the  management  of  a 
leading  St.  Louis  newspaper.  Learning  this,  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  Gazette,  sooner  than  lose  his  valuable  services, 
gave  him  an  interest  in  their  establishment.  This  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  financial  prosperity.  He  became  the 
Washington  correspondent  of  the  Gazette,  and  was  also 
appointed  Librarian  to  the  House  of  Representatives.  The 
latter  he  resigned  in  1866.  He  enjoyed  the  friendship  and 
intimacy  of  the  rriost  eminent  men  in  the  national  councils. 
Horace  Greeley  began  to  admire  his  genius,  and  tried  to 
prevail  upon  him  to  go  to  New  York.  Failing  in  this,  he 
asked  him  to  take  charge  of  the  7ribii/ie  branch  office  in 
Washington,  and  became  his  warm  friend.  His  descrijr- 
tion  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  was  his  grandest  effort  in 
war  correspondence.  In  1865  he  went  South  with  Mr. 


240 


BIOGRArinCAL  ENTYCLOlMiDIA. 


Chase  on  a tour  of  observation,  and  on  his  return  published 
a book,  entitled  “After  the  War;  a Southern  Tour.”  It 
was  well  received  by  critics,  and  was  considered  a fair 
reflex  of  the  condition  of  the  South  at  that  time.  During 
this  tour  he  was  seized  with  the  notion  to  become  a cotton 
planter,  and,  with  this  end  in  view,  in  the  .spring  of  1866  he 
leased  three  plantations  in  Concordia  Parish,  opposite 
Natchez,  with  General  Francis  J.  Herron  as  a partner.  The 
.speculation  promised  great  success  ; but  about  picking  time 
the  destructive  army  worm  made  its  appearance.  One- 
fourth  only  of  the  promised  crop  was  saved,  but  even  this 
brought  them  out  without  loss.  Not  discouraged,  he  tried 
it  again,  this  time  in  Alabama,  and  again  failed  even  worse 
than  before.  During  this  experience  he  had  not  relin- 
(piished  literary  work.  His  spare  moments  were  devoted 
to  compiling  “Ohio  in  the  WGr.”  This  work,  comprised 
in  two  octavo  volumes  of  over  one  thousand  pages  each, 
contains  much  statistical  and  biographical  information. 
Much  of  the  contents  may  be  classed  as  history.  The  task 
of  its  authorship  was  a heavy  one,  and  the  written  war 
record  of  no  other  State  approaches  it  in  completeness.  It 
is  not  a compendium  of  dry  statistics,  but  vivid  war  scenes 
are  depicted,  interesting  correspondence  reviewed,  and 
many  valuable  details  laid  away  for  the  future  historian. 
In  1868  the  unsuccessful  cotton  planter  resumed  his  position 
as  leader  writer  for  the  Gazette.  During  this  time  he 
wrote  up  the  great  impeachment  trial  of  President  Johnson. 
Soon  Mr.  Greeley  successfully  renewed  his  offer  to  the 
young  journalist  to  enter  the  staff  of  the  Tribiiae.  His 
salary  was  only  exceeded  by  that  of  the  founder,  and  he 
was  subordinate  only  to  his  patron.  In  1869  he  was  in- 
stalled as  Managing  Editor,  and  immediately  commenced 
to  strengthen  his  staff  with  the  best  journalistic  talent  to  be 
obtained.  The  columns  of  the  Tribune.,  always  teeming 
with  the  progressiveness  of  civilization,  were  now  freshened 
with  the  advanced  thoughts  of  a little  army  of  literary  men 
and  women  captained  by  the  new  Manager.  The  origin- 
ality of  thought  and  the  versatility  of  the  contributors  made 
it  a magazine  as  well  as  a newspaper.  The  pen  of  the 
statesman,  the  poet,  the  artist,  the  political  economist,  the 
essayist,  the  agriculturist,  the  preacher — all  were  contribut- 
ing articles  of  moment  to  the  entire  country.  The  Tribune 
w.as  no  longer  sunk  in  the  individuality  of  Mr.  Greeley. 
It  was  no  longer  a partisan  journal,  full  of  the  caustic  utter- 
ances of  the  founder.  Men  of  every  political  and  religious 
creed  read  the  7'ribune,  and  it  commands  the  respect  of  all. 
Founded  and  built  by  Greeley,  it  has  been  modernized  by 
Reid.  The  radical  change  in  the  Tribune  dates  from  the 
defeat  and  death  of  its  founder,  who  was  nominated  for  the 
Presidency.  The  young  journalist  had  new  honors  waiting 
for  him.  Of  course  the  idea  of  a thoroughly  independent 
journal  did  not  meet  the  views  of  all  who  were  interested 
in  the  Tribune,  and  a struggle  took  place  which  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  intelligent  people  of  the  whole  country. 
It  ended  in  a decisive  victory  for  the  new  management. 


The  Editor-in-chief  was  enabled  by  the  generous  ofl'trs  of 
capitalists  to  obtain  complete  control  of  the  paper.  Many 
thinking  men  predicted  failure,  and  many  of  the  best  friends 
of  the  young  editor  had  their  misgivings.  The  political 
and  literary  world  watched  his  course  with  lively  interest, 
and  but  few  now  withhold  their  admiration  of  the  man. 
Personally  the  editor  is  most  courteous,  gallant  in  his  bear- 
ing, and  a welcome  guest  in  the  most  refined  society.  As 
a writer  he  is  versatile  and  vigorous.  His  private  character 
is  above  reproach,  and  aside  from  the  attacks  made  upon 
him  in  his  profession,  nothing  harsh  is  ever  said  of  him. 
His  scholarly  attainments  are  far  above  those  of  the  average 
journalist,  and  he  has  frequently  addressed,  by  urgent  re- 
quest, learned  societies.  His  lecture  upon  “Journalism” 
has  been  delivered  before  various  associations.  In  1872  he 
prepared  an  address,  at  the  request  of  the  Regents  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  entitled  “ Scliools  of  Journalism.”  In  1873 
he  delivered  the  “Scholar  in  Politics”  before  a college 
society. 

captain  ROBERT  W.,  Steamboat  Owner 
g'4|l  I and  Commander,  was  born  in  Mercersburg, 
r If  Jjl  Pennsylvania,  September  13th,  1839,  and  when 
O quite  young  moved  with  his  father,  William  Wise, 
c to  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  four  years. 

He  then  went  to  Dayton,  in  the  same  State,  to 
live,  and  remained  there  five  years.  His  father  then  set- 
tled on  a farm  near  Bloomington,  Illinois,  and  Robert 
assisted  in  its  cultivation  and  attended  the  district  schools 
until  he  reached  his  thirteenth  year.  He  at  that  age  en- 
gaged with  Charles  Merriman,  of  Bloomington,  to  learn  the 
printing  business,  and  worked  with  him  four  years,  when 
he  went  to  Peoria,  Illinois,  and  was  there  four  years  occu- 
pied as  a journeyman  printer.  In  1853  he  came  to  Cincin- 
nati and  found  employment  on  the  Cincinnati  Commercial, 
holding  his  connection  with  that  journal  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion.  He  enlisted  as  a private  in  the  6th 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  in  the  army  three  years 
and  three  months.  The  business  of  railroading  claimed  his 
attention  during  the  two  succeeding  years  after  his  return 
from  the  field,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  this  period  he 
became  Second  Clerk  on  the  steamer  “ Lady  Franklin,” 
and  acted  in  that  capacity  one  year,  when  he  accepted  the 
position  of  First  Clerk  on  the  “ Rebecca,”  and  held  it  for 
two  years.  The  ensuing  two  years  he  was  First  Clerk  on 
the  “ Emma  P'loyd,”  and  during  a corresponding  period 
immediately  after  was  Captain  of  that  boat.  He  then  built 
the  splendid  steamer  “James  D.  Parker,”  of  which  he  is 
still  part  owner  and  Captain.  There  is  no  vessel  engaged 
on  the  Western  rivers  which  is  more  complete  in  its  accom- 
modations or  more  elegantly  fitted  up  than  this  one,  and 
certainly  none  commanded  by  a more  efficient  or  more  gen- 
tlemanly officer  than  Captain  Wise.  His  boat  is  one  of  a 
line  making  regular  trips  from  Cincinnati  to  Memphis.  He 


LIOGRAPIIICAL  EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 


241 


has  had  a thorough  experience  of  river  life,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  known  of  the  Cincinnati  boat  owners  and  com- 
manders. On  January  21st,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Charles  Tempk,  of  that  city,  by  whom  he  has 
had  four  children,  all  surviving. 


(^y>’ALL,  JOHN  C.,  Manufacturer  of  Furniture,  was 
born  in  England  in  1816.  In  1821  he  emigrated 
with  his  father  to  America,  and  settled  in  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  where,  after  obtaining  a fair  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  the  city,  he  learned  the 
upholstering  and  bedding  business.  In  1837  he 
purchased  the  establishment  in  which  he  had  learned  his 
trade.  Since  this  period  he  has  been  constantly  engaged 
in  the  prosecution  of  his  business,  meeting  uniformly  with 
great  and  merited  success.  He  has  recently  associated 
with  him,  at  No.  iS  East  Fourth  street,  James  S.  Grisard, 
of  Indiana,  under  the  firm-style  of  Hall  & Grisard,  and 
thus  secured  as  a coworker  a young  man  of  fine  business 
ability.  Within  the  past  five  years  the  house  has  been  em- 
])loyed  in  manufacturing  “ Hall’s  Patent  Folding  Furniture,” 
invented  with  the  design  of  bringing  about  a radical  change 
in  the  expensive  habits  of  life  in  the  homes  of  men  of  lim- 
ited means.  The  whole  philosophy  of  his  invention  may- 
be thus  described  : the  lounge,  book-case,  wardrobe,  sec- 
retary, or  chair  of  the  day  becomes  at  the  hour  of  rest  a 
comfortable  bed;  his  lounge,  etc.,  are  readily  and  easily 
metamorphosed,  and  are  accordingly  valuable,  inasmuch  as 
they  answer  two  ends,  while,  when  made  use  of  in  one 
guise,  they  conceal  the  characteristic  points  belonging  to 
them  when  serving  in  another.  For  a period  covering 
about  forty  years  he  has  transacted  business  on  his  own  ac- 
count, and  in  all  that  time  has  never  been  connected  with 
a case  at  law  in  which  he  has  acted  either  as  plaintiff  or 
defendant.  He  thinks  that  “reasonable  men  should  be 
able  to  settle  their  differences  without  the  intervention  of 
lawyers,  or  application  to  court,”  and,  illustrating  his  view 
of  one  phase  of  commercial  morality,  he  asserts  that 
“honest  men  will  meet  their  obligations,  if  able,  without 
process  of  law  ; dishonest  men  can,  in  the  majority  of  cases, 
avoid  payment  of  their  just  dues,  even  when  attacked  by  all 
the  powers  of  the  court.”  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
he  filled  several  heavy  contracts  in  his  department,  entered 
into  with  the  government,  supplying  the  navy  on  the 
western  rivers  and  shipping  vast  quantities  of  bedding  to 
the  Brooklyn  Navy-yard.  He  is  a zealous  and  steadfast 
Christian  and  an  earnest  worker  in  his  church.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years  he  made  a compact  with  himself  never 
to  drink  intoxicating  liquor,  swear,  or  use  tobacco  in  any 
form,  and  has  yet  to  reproach  liimself  for  having  broken  any 
one  of  its  agreements.  To  such  men  the  citizens  of  the 
Queen  City  justifiably  point  with  an  honest  pride;  the 
record  of  their  lives,  beginning  in  obscurity  and  ending  in 

31 


wealth  and  honor,  add  lustre  to  local  history  and  honor  to 
the  wider  annals  of  national  prosperity. 


ANNOTTA,  SIGNOR  A.,  Composer,  and  Director 
of  the  Western  Conservatory  of  Music,  was  born 
in  Capua,  Italy,  in  1841.  His  early  education 
was  acquired  in  Naples.  At  the  age  of  eight  he 
commenced  the  study  of  music,  and  two  years 
later  produced  his  first  notable  work  in  musical 
composition,  whereupon  his  profession  for  life  was  decided. 
While  in  his  eleventh  year,  accordingly,  he  entered  the 
Conservatory  St.  Pietro  Ammaella,  at  Naples,  and  there 
remained  eight  years.  . During  that  time  he  was  one  of  the 
favorite  pupils  of  the  great  maestro  composer,  Qaverio 
Mercadante.  He  only  of  his  entire  family  possessed  a 
marked  talent  for  music.  During  his  second  year  at  Naples 
he  became  one  of  the  most  skilful  French-horn  soloists  in 
Italy.  As  a performer  on  this  instrument  he  was  first  in- 
troduced to  the  American  jjeople,  at  Boston,  by  Gilmore, 
the  leader  and  musician.  He  never  became  a great  piano 
performer,  Mercadante  having  refused  the  use  of  the  piano 
to  his  pupils,  preferring  to  leave  the  vast  range  of  combina- 
tions suggested  by  that  instrument  to  the  conception  of  the 
unaided  mind.  In  1861  he  graduated  as  a composer,  and 
in  the  following  year  left  Naples,  with  several  friends,  to 
attend  the  famous  World’s  Exposition  in  London.  There 
he  became  Director  of  the  London  Italian  Society  of  Music, 
and  made  his  debiit  in  the  musical  world  as  a composer, 
producing,  on  two  days’  notice,  a “ Funeral  March,”  which 
was  received  with  warm  commendations.  In  1S63,  when 
the  great  Italian  general  and  republican.  Garibaldi,  came 
to  London  and  was  received  with  such  wide  spread  demon- 
strations of  favor,  he  composed  for  his  reception  “ The 
Exile,”  one  of  his  most  favorably  received  productions. 
Subsequently,  at  all  the  Garibaldi  receptions  in  London,  he 
supplied  the  music.  “ The  Exile  ” was  dedicated  to  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  .Sutherland,  as  a mark  of  appreciation 
for  the  hospitable  reception  given  by  that  nobleman  to  the 
distinguished  Italian  leader.  In  1865  he  was  induced,  by 
the  success  of  several  of  his  friends  in  America,  to  come  to 
this  country.  After  his  arrival  in  New  York  he  engaged 
in  the  instruction  of  private  vocal  pupils,  and  in  iSfifi 
moved  to  Boston,  where  he  became  connected,  as  a vocal 
teacher,  with  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music. 
In  1868  he  visited  Cincinnati.  About  this  time  he  intro- 
duced to  the  lovers  of  music  of  the  city  the  great  concerts 
a la  Julien  organization,  with  fifty  musicians.  This  ven- 
ture was  projected  and  inaugurated  prior  to  the  attcinjits 
made  by  various  maestri  and  to  the  first  visits  of  Theodore 
Thom.as.  But,  failing  to  meet  with  the  success  necessary 
to  sustain  such  a venture  and  the  success  of  his  conserva- 
tory, he  returned  to  Boston  in  1869,  and  in  this  city  ap- 
peared first  in  his  true  role  as  the  composer  of  “ The  Peace 


242 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


P'estival,”  a grand  march,  inlroduced  by  Gilmore  at  the 
third  concert  of  the  great  Jubilee.  This,  the  first  original 
composition  produced  on  that  occasion  by  Gilmore,  was 
received  with  marked  favor  by  the  vast  concourse  of  as- 
sembled critics  and  admirers  of  music,  and  elicited  enthu- 
siastic commendations  as  “ a complete  and  magnificent 
production.”  Later,  he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  and  here 
succeeded  in  establishing  the  Western  Conservatory  of 
Music,  over  which  he  now  presides  as  director.  The  finest 
voices  and  musical  talent  which  this  city  has  produced  have 
come  from  under  his  tuition,  and  the  adoption  of  the  true 
Italian  method  there  is  due  entirely  to  his  efforts.  Before 
the  appearance  of  Thomas  he  met  the  need  of  the  general 
community,  and  introduced  the  Symphony  concerts,  lie 
also  first  gave  to  the  people  of  that  city  the  “ Kammer  Con- 
certs,” the  “ Musicales  Reunions,”  the  “ Soirees,”  etc. 
Gn  the  opening  of  the  first  Cincinnati  Exposition  he  ap- 
peared with  “ The  Exposition  March,”  prepared  for  the 
occasion.  It  met  with  an  enthusiastic  reception.  In  1875 
he  appeared  in  Cincinnati  with  his  pupils  in  opera 
“Alidor,”  an  original  composition  by  him,  which  placed 
his  reputation  as  a musician  on  a solid  pedestal.  “Alidor” 
is  a historical  opera,  dealing  with  the  personages  and 
doings  of  England  under  the  reign  of  George  1.  He  has 
also  composed  many  songs,  marches,  masses,  etc.,  all  of 
which  are  characterized  by  a commendable  degree  of  ex- 
cellence and  originality.  Several  of  his  musical  works  are 
now  in  vogue  in  Europe,  and  by  the  frequency  of  their 
production  testify  to  the  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  the 
connoisseurs  of  the  old  world.  He  is  a worthy  pupil  of  the 
great  Mercadante,  wholly  devoted  to  his  noble  profession, 
and  is  a musical  enthusiast  of  the  highest  stamp,  whose  only 
ambition  is  to  be  honored  by  his  work. 


ijaRIFEITll,  THOMAS,  Manufacturer,  was  born, 
November  7th,  1817,  in  Warwickshire,  England. 


At  the  age  of  seven  he  removed  with  his  family 
to  Oswestry.  One  year  after  this  he  took  resi- 
dence with  an  uncle  in  Manchester,  who  in  1827 
emigrated  to  America,  taking  his  nephew  with 
him,  first  to  Philadelphia  and  then  to  Baltimore,  where  for 
three  years  he  was  sent  to  school.  Outside  of  this  school- 
ing, which  was  the  groundwork  for  his  future  business  edu- 
cation, he  was  self-taught.  In  1830  he  was  apprenticed  to 
Sinclair  & Moone,  manufacturers  of  agricultural  machinery. 
He  moved  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  in  December,  1838;  worked 
as  journeyman  in  Dillon’s  edge-tool  factory;  then  with 
Ebert  & Whittaker,  machinists,  on  Sixth  near  Main  street, 
being  there  employed  in  building  machinery  for  their  new 
shop,  on  South  Fifth  street,  which  was  started  by  him  on 
Christmas  day,  1S40.  He  worked  as  foreman  for  two 
vears,  then  as  junior  partner  about  eighteen  months,  and  in 
March,  1858,  he  and  Mr.  Wedge  purchased  the  property. 


and  together  have  since  conducted  the  business,  building 
stationary,  steamboat  and  portable  engines,  saw-mills,  mill 
machinery  and  general  foundry  work.  In  1S70  the  Vertical 
Portable  Engine,  invented  by  Mr.  Griffith’s  partner,  was 
patented,  and  a decided  increase  in  business  was  the  result. 
New  shops  were  built,  new  tools  purchased,  increasing 
the  manufacturing  facilities.  A short  description  of  the 
Vertical  Portable  Engine  may  not  be  out  of  place.  The 
boiler  is  horizontal,  the  engine  vertical,  and  so  placed  that 
there  is  no  strain  ; the  wearing  parts  are  cast  steel,  light  and 
durable;  the  points  gained  are  strength,  simplicity,  safety 
and  durability.  Mr.  Griffith  was  married.  May  20th,  1S38, 
to  Eliza  Lee,  a native  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  who  died  in 
1872.  He  was  again  married,  December  27th,  1873,  to 
Ella  Cochran.  Thoroughly  in  earnest  in  whatever  he  un- 
dertakes, and  a close  observer,  perseverance  under  diffi- 
culties and  constant  attention  to  business  have  brought 
him  the  success  deserved.  He  is  now  County  Commis- 
sioner; has  served  fifteen  years  as  Trustee  of  the  Water- 
works; is  Director  of  the  Brown  Manufacturing  Company, 
and  is  looked  up  to  as  a leading  man  in  the  city  and 
county.  The  honorable  position  he  now  holds,  not  only  in 
business,  but  also  in  society,  is  due  to  unflinching  deter- 
mination to  do  and  have  done  what  was  right. 


ICKMAN,  FR.'\NKLIN  J.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Petersburg,  Virginia.  He  was  fitted  for  college 
at  the  Petersburg  Classical  School,  under  the  in- 
struction of  Rev.  Fh  D.  Saunders,  late  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  in  the  same  class  with  General 
Roger  A.  Pryor.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  en- 
tered the  junior  class  of  Brown’s  University,  Rhode  Island, 
graduating  with  the  salutatory  honors;  among  his  class- 


mates were  the  Hon.  S.  S.  C6x  and  ex-Lieutenant-Governor 
Francis  Wayland,  of  Connecticut.  He  read  law  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  Charles  S.  Bradley,  late  Chief-Justice  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  there  admitted.  In  1857  he  was 
the  candidate  of  th-  Democratic  party  of  Rhode  Island 
for  Attorney-General.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  a member 
of  the  Board  of  Visitors  at  the  West  Point  Military  Acad- 


emy, and  was  also  appointed  Secretary,  and  in  that  capacity 
was  the  author  of  the  report  of  the  Board  that  year.  In 
1858  he  came  to  Cleveland  and  engaged  in  his  profession. 
In  1861  he  was  sent  to  the  Legislature,  and  in  that  body 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Railroads.  At  the 
close  of  his  legislative  term  he  formed  a partnership  with 
the  Hon.  R.  P.  Spaulding,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  District  Attorney 
for  Northern  Ohio,  but  resigned  in  1869,  in  order  to  devote 
himself  exclusively  to  private  practice.  He  is  a gentleman 
of  well-known  literary  tastes,  extended  reading  and  classical 
attainments,  which  only  serves  to  extend  a knowledge  of 
the  law.  This,  taken  in  connection  with  exemplary  habits 


t 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXVCLOP.EniA. 


243 


and  high  moral  character,  all  resting  upon  an  intelligent 
religious  basis,  gives  promise  of  the  most  honorable  results. 
In  December,  1862,  he  was  married  to  Annie  E.,  only 
daughter  of  Robert  Neil,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  has  three 
children  now  living. 

ALLMADGE,  DARIUS,  Banker,  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  “ Western  Stage  Coach  Company,” 
was  born  in  Schaghticoke,  Rensselaer  county. 
New  York,  June  30th,  1800.  He  was  the  young- 
est child  in  a family  of  fourteen  children,  and  was 
left  an  orphan  when  but  ten  years  of  age.  He  was 
a direct  descendant  of  one  of  four  brothers  who  emigrated 
from  Wales  to  this  country,  and  who  are  supposed  to  be  the 
progenitors  of  all  the  Tallmadges  in  the  United  States.  One 
of  these  brothers  settled  in  New  Jersey,  there  striking  from 
the  family  patronymic  one  / and  the  d.  From  this  branch 
sprang  the  popular  Brooklyn  minister.  Rev.  T.  De  Witt 
Talmage.  Among  the  names  of  the  original  rrantees,  or 
purchasers  of  town  lots  at  the  settlement  of  New  Haven,  in 
1639,  were  those  of  Robert  and  James  Tallmadge.  The 
history  of  the  latter  is  unknown,  but  several  of  the  descend- 
ants of  Robert  have  resided  in  New  Haven,  in  unbroken 
succession,  from  that  time  to  the  present  day,  a period  of 
nearly  two  centuries  and  a half,  while  many  have  I'emoved 
to  various  portions  of  the  Union,  and  filled  places  of  honor 
and  trust  in  the  civil  and  military  service  of  the  country. 
The  descendants  of  many  of  the  collateral  branches  who 
have  removed  from  the  old  home  of  their  ancestors  are  now 
numerously  represented  among  the  respected  citizens  of  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  Georgia,  Wisconsin,  Ohio  and  Michi- 
gan— the  two  latter  .States  having  towns  named  in  their 
honor,  viz. : Tallmadge,  Ottawa  county,  Michigan,  and  Tall- 
madge, Summit  county,  Ohio.  It  is  a source  of  pride  that 
while  many  of  the  family  have  been  called  to  fdl  places  of 
honor  and  responsibility  under  both  State  and  national 
governments,  not  one  has  ever  betr.ayed  his  trust,  or  brought 
reproach  upon  the  name.  The  longevity  also  of  this  family 
is  remarkable : not  a single  head  of  family,  in  the  lineal  suc- 
cession which  has  been  traced,  has  died  at  a less  age  than 
seventy  years;  and  the  aggregate  age  of  the  five  generations 
is  three  hundred  and  ninety-six  years,  or  an  average  of  over 
seventy-nine  years  for  each  person.  Darius’  first  employ- 
ment was  that  of  a teamster,  hauling  bricks  during  the  con- 
struction of  the  great  cotton  factory  df  Schaghticoke,  and 
when  but  twelve  years  of  age  he  engaged  in  wagoning  goods 
from  Troy  to  M hitehall,  a distance  of  one  hundred  miles. 
His  next  venture  made  him  a tiller  of  the  soil,  on  the  farm 
of  an  elder  brother,  but  quickly  discovering  the  incongruity 
of  this  vocation,  and  “ quite  tired  of  farming,  and  restless, 
anxious  to  get  away,  and  see  if  something  would  not  pre- 
sent itself  that  would  enable  him  to  make  money  a liitle 
faster,”  he  disregarded  the  w,nrnings  of  his  brother,  and, 
bidding  farewell  to  the  old  farmstead,  began  a pilgrimage 


I 


alike  eventful  and  creditable.  His  first  rest  by  the  wayside 
was  at  the  residence  of  an  uncle,  Henry  Hoffman,  in 
Dutchess  county,  near  Ithaca,  New  York.  Here,  to  his 
amazement,  he  was  solicited  to  take  charge  of  the  district 
school,  and  although  having  had  but  limited  educational 
advantages  himself,  he,  with  characteiistic  self-confidence, 
accepted  the  situation,  and  during  two  quarters  sustained  the 
role  of  educator.  He  subsequently  returned  to  farming,  and 
in  1S25,  in  company  with  a friend,  started  on  foot  for  the 
far  West,  as  Ohio  and  Kentucky  in  those  distant  days  were 
denominated.  On  reaching  the  Allegheny  river,  the  trav- 
ellers purchased  a skiff,  and  continued  their  journey  down 
this  stream  until  they  arrived  at  Pittsburgh,  where  passage 
was  taken  on  a keel  boat  down  the  river.  M.aysville,  Ken- 
tucky, was  reached  April  ist,  1825.  Here  he  at  once  en- 
gaged in  driving  horses  to  the  New  Orleans  market,  but  the 
emoluments  of  several  trips  proving  meagre  and  insignifi- 
cant, he  relinquished  that  business  without  having  in  any 
perceptible  way  bettered  his  fortunes.  He  then,  through  the 
generosity  of  a Kentuckian,  Mr.  Blanchard,  was  enabled  to 
purchase  a horse  and  dray,  with  which  he  labored  for  six 
months;  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  removed  to  Tarl- 
ton,  Ohio,  and  began  the  business  of  buying  and  driving 
horses  to  New  Orleans.  In  Clinton,  at  a later  period,  he 
came  in  contact  with  William  Neil,  of  the  Ohio  St.age  Com- 
pany, and  after  brief  negotiation,  was  employed  as  agent 
of  the  company  at  a salary  of  four  hundred  dollars  per 
annum.  His  tireless  industry,  unswerving  fidelity  and 
habitual  promptitude  soon  produced  their  legitimate  result ; 
his  salary  was  increased  to  twelve  hundred  dollars  per 
annum,  and  his  field  expanded  so  as  to  cover  half  the  State. 
After  serving  as  agent  for  a period  of  six  years,  he  took  an 
interest  in  the  company',  and  also  became  sole  proprietor  of 
what  the  company  deemed  its  “ poor  contracts”  in  Southern 
Ohio,  and  from  which  by  unremitting  Labor  and  attention  he 
reaped  a munificent  harvest.  William  Neil,  who  had  in- 
vested but  three  hundred  dollars  in  this  enterprise,  was  for 
ten  years  his  silent  partner,  and  ultimately  retired  with  a 
share  amounting  to  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  in  addition 
to  the  heavy  dividends  which  he  had  received  in  the  mean- 
while. “Mr.  Tallmadge,  in  connection  with  W.  S.  Sulli- 
vant,  D.  W.  Dcshler,  and  Peter  Campbell,  of  Columbus, 
Peter  and  John  Yoorhes,  of  Dayton,  J.  S.  Alvoid,  of  Indi- 
anapolis, Indiana,  and  K.  Porter,  of  Wooster,  Ohio,  inaug- 
urated the  Western  Stage  Company.  Their  operations  were 
at  first  entirely  confined  to  the  State  of  Indiana,  but  the 
advancing  tide  of  civilization,  with  its  railroads  and  other 
improved  modes  of  Irav'el  and  transportation,  crowded  the 
company  successively  into  Iowa,  Missouri,  and  Kansas, 
enjoying,  however,  in  each  Stale,  a period  of  success  and 
prosperity.  This  company  was  truly  regarded  as  the  most 
influential  and  powerful  corporation  in  the  Western  States, 
holding  a monopoly  in  those  sparsely  settled  regions  equal 
to  that  of  any  railroad  now  running  through  the  same 
country.  The  enterprise  was  very  remunerative  to  its  pro- 


244 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


jectors,  having  ‘ paid  for  itself’  without  a dollar  being  in- 
vested by  the  owners  of  the  stock,  and  was  closed  with 
princely  returns  Init  five  years  since,  their  property  for  dis- 
tribution being  very  valuable,  consisting  as  it  did  of  real 
estate  in  Indianapolis,  Des  Moines,  Sioux  City,  Council 
Bluffs,  and  other  places  along  the  route  of  their  early  opera- 
tions, in  which  they  had  invested.”  When  staging  in  Ohio 
began  to  collapse  as  a remunerative  business,  the  initial 
murmur  of  the  coming  California  gold  fever  spread  through 
the  country,  and  he,  ever  ready  to  take  advantage  of  the 
opening  of  any  new  and  lucrative  enterprise,  immediately 
sent  one  hundred  horses  across  the  plains,  and  fifty  stages 
around  the  Cape  to  the  land  of  fabulous  treasures.  These 
horses,  sent  to  California  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a 
stage  route  there,  were  taken  across  the  plains  by  his  young- 
est son,  James  .Vugustus  Talhnadge,  who  never  returned, 
but  went  to  South  America,  and  died  in  Valparaiso,  Chili, 
in  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  In  183J  he  removed 
to  Lancaster,  Oliio,  and  there  in  1847  projected  a branch  of 
the  .State  Bank  of  Ohio,  of  which  he  served  as  President, 
and  also  during  the  existence  of  the  charter  of  the  .State 
Bank,  served  as  a member  of  its  .State  Board  of  Control. 
By  his  nicety  of  management  in  monetary  matters  while 
thus  employed,  he  acquired  the  reputation  of  being  one  of 
the  most  accurate  financiers  in  the  .State.  In  the  course  of 
time  and  events  he  passed  through  sever.al  periods  of  per- 
sonal pecuniary  embarrassment,  “ any  one  of  which  alone 
would  have  crushed  an  ordinary  man.”  Ultimately,  how- 
ever, he  surmounted  all  adversities,  and  in  his  later  years 
not  only  recovered  his  own  financial  prosperity,  but  was 
Toremost  willi  both  money  and  Labor  in  carrying  out  al] 
public  enterprises  for  the  benefit  of  his  town.  It  was 
through  his  individual  instigation  and  exertion  that  the 
magnificent  mineral  resources  of  Hocking  and  Perry  coun- 
ties were  primarily  developed,  and  he  was  ever  in  the  front 
rank,  with  voice,  hand,  and  money,  in  the  maturing  of 
projects  destined  to  contribute  to  the  safety  and  welfare  of 
his  fellow-citizens.  “ For  more  than  forty  years,  it  may  be 
truly  said,  Lancaster  never  had  a citizen  who  gave  more 
attention  and  labor  to  its  material  advancement,  or  employ- 
ment to  more  men  needing  it  because  of  their  impecuniosity.” 
Again,  “ Much  of  the  prevailing  taste  exhibited  here,  much 
that  is  beautiful  and  healthful  in  artificial  additions  to  the 
natural  advantages  of  the  city,  have  resulted  from  the  exam- 
ples and  the  labors  of  Mr.  Talhnadge  in  being  really  the 
pioneer  in  these  matters.  He  was  exceedingly  benevolent, 
especially  in  middle  life.  His  private  charities  were  boun- 
tiful. Churches  and  benevolent  societies  ever  found  him 
liberal.  Want  ot  education  alone  interfered  with  a demon- 
stration of  a most  remarkable  natural  power  of  mind.  He 
would  have  been  great  in  any  sphere,  hut  could  show  his 
notable  natural  capacities  only  in  the  practical  pursuits  of 
life.  A man  of  strong  prejudices,  firm  convictions,  intense 
purpose,  large  heart,  strong  will,  and  unimpeachable  integ- 
rity, he  was  kind  and  true  to  his  friends,  while  unrelenting 


to  enemies.”  He  was  a valued  member  of  the  Masonic 
organization,  and  through  life  was  noted-for  his  punctilious 
devotion  to  its  more_  important  requirements ; and  was  a 
prominent  feature  of  the  assemblage  gathered  together  on 
the  occasion  of  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone,  by  the  bro- 
therhood, of  the  new  Central  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,.  In  February,  1873,  three  months  subsequent  to  the 
first  attack  of  pneumonia,  at  his  own  request,  while  on  his 
sick-bed,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  T.  R.  Taylor,  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  married  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one,  to  Sarah  A.  Wood,  daughter  of  Jonas  Wood, 
who  resided  near  Ithaca,  New  York.  She  died  in  1S49,  an 
amiable  Christian  woman,  and  a member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  About  eighteen  months  afterward  he 
w.as  again  married,  to  Elizabeth  Creed,  of  Lancaster.  He 
had  two  sons,  one  of  whom,  as  before  stated,  died  in  South 
America;  the  other,  Theodore  Tallmadge,  is  now  a resident 
of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  well  known  and  respected  in  Lan- 
caster, and  throughout  the  State  of  Ohio.  He  died  at  his 
rooms  in  the  Tallmadge  House,  Lancaster,  Ohio,  on  March 
27th,  1874.  Numerous  obituaries,  sketches,  editorials,  etc., 
were  published,  concerning  his  life,  works,  and  eventful 
career,  after  his  demise.  The  obsequies  were  of  the  most 
impressive  nature,  while  the  solemn  funeral  ceremonies 
attracted  a large  concourse  of  people  from  all  parts  of  the 
city  and  the  surrounding  region  ; .and  the  discourse  preached 
by  Rev.  J.  R.  Boyd,  March  29th,  1S74,  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  was  forcible,  eloquent 
and  pathetic.  At  the  grave  the  Masonic  ritual  was  con- 
ducted by  Judge  Virgil  Shaw,  Past  Master  of  the  Lancaster 
Commandery. 


l^UNT,  HON.  JOHN  ELLIOTT,  Pioneer,  Major- 
General  of  the  Ohio  militia,  ex-Postmaster  of 
Toledo,  Ohio,  etc.,  was  born  in  P'ort  Wayne,  In- 
diana— within  the  fort — April  llth,  1798.  He 
was  the  seventh  child  in  a family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, whose  parents  were  Thomas  Hunt  and 
Eunice  (Wellington)  Hunt,  of  Watertown,  near  Boston. 
His  father  was  an  active  participant  in  the  first  battle  of  the 
Revolution,  at  Lexington,  and  was  wounded  in  the  action 
at  Bunker  Hill,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  foTlorn  hope  under  General  Wayne  at  the  storming 
of  Stony  Point,  on  the  Hudson,  and  was  there  wounded  by 
a bayonet  in  the  calf  of  his  leg.  He  was  then  commissioned 
M.ajor  by  General  Washington,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct,  and  afterward  was  successively  commissioned 
Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel  of  the  old  Continental  hirst 
Infantry  Regiment,  by  Thomas  Jefferson.  Subsequently  he 
was  ordered  with  his  regiment  from  Detroit,  Michigan,  to 
take  possession  of  St.  Louis,  .Missouri,  where  he  commanded 
from  1803  to  1807.  Dn  the  banks  of  the  Missouri,  fifteen 
miles  from  this  city,  he  constructed  a cantonment,  and 
named  it  Bellcfontaine.  In  .St.  Louis,  also,  he  died,  his 


7^ 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 


245 


faithful  wife  following  him  to  the  grave  about  three  months 
after  his  demise;  they  both  lie  in  Bellefontaine.  In  later 
years  a cemetery  was  laid  out  about  eight  miles  back  of  St. 
Louis,  and  is  known  as  Bellefontaine.  They  left  a family 
of  eleven  children.  The  eldest,  Henry  J.  Hunt,  who  at  that 
time  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  went  with  three  h renchmen 
in  a pirogue  from  Detroit,  Michigan,  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
leaving  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  the  rest  of  the  children 
with  various  relatives  scattered  from  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana, 
to  Boston,  Massachusetts.  In  1812,  when  his  brother-in-law. 
Dr.  Abraham  Edwards,  of  D.ryton,  Ohio,  was  appointed 
Surgeon-General  to  the  army  of  General  Hull,  John  Elliott 
went  to  live  with  his  brother,  Henry  J.  Hunt,  in  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  witnessed  HuH’s  surrender  to  the  British 
army  under  General  Brock.  He  was  present  also  at  the 
retaking  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  by  General  Harrison.  While 
in  his  fourteenth  year,  his  brother,  who  was  as  a father  to 
the  children,  sent  him  to  Sandwich,  Canada,  to  secure  at 
least  an  elementary  education,  no  schools  being  then  in  ex- 
istence in  Michigan.  His  student  life  in  Canada,  as  well 
as  all  the  schooling  ever  received  by  him,  was  embraced 
within  the  limits  of  one  year.  He  was  the  first  beholder 
of  the  landing  of  the  celebrated  travellers,  Lewis  and  Clark, 
from  their  three  years  tour  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  1S06. 
In  1816  he  settled  in  Maumee  City,  then  the  capital  of 
Wood  county,  Ohio,  on  the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  and  there, 
and  in  Toledo,  in  the  same  State,  has  since  permanently 
resided.  His  first  vote  was  cast  at  the  Presidential  election 
in  which  Hem-y  Clay  figured,  and  was  given  in  favor  of  that 
eminent  statesman  ; he  subsequently  voted  at  the  ensuing 
Presidential  election  in  favor  of  General  Jackson,  and  his 
views  concerning  the  proper  policy  of  the  American  nation 
are  expressed  in  the  code  and  principles  of  the  Jeffersonian 
Democratic  element.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  Ohio,  and  was  elected  a Senatorial  Delegate  to  form  the 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1849-50.  For  a period  of 
eight  years  he  held  the  office  of  Postmaster  of  Toledo,  Ohio, 
and  was  elected  Major-General  of  the  Ohio  militia,  by  the 
I.egislature  in  1S37, since  which  time  he  has  lived  in  retire- 
ment, secluded  from  the  ceaseless  whir  and  turmod  which 
characterize  the  rapid  and  marvellous  development  of  a 
people  and  interests  whose  incoming  he  has  seen,  whose 
growth  he  has  noted  with  an  intelligent  and  unflagging  so- 
licitude. Thus  he  expresses  himself,  white  with  the  snows 
of  many  years,  loved,  esteemed,  and  revered  : “ I was  born 
at  the  head  of  this  river,  I shall  ere  long  be  buried  at  its 
foot.”  But  a few  simple  words,  yet  they  hold  to  a reflective 
mind,  the  varied  incidents  and  circumstances  of  his  career 
and  life  being  passed  in  swift  review,  a wondrous  kaleido- 
scope where  are  seen  vivid  pictures  of  adventurous  pioneers 
and  hostile  Indians,  British  assailants  and  American  defend- 
ers, log  school-houses  now  replaced  by  stately  institutes  of 
learning  in  marble  and  in  everlasting  granite,  great  states- 
men of  the  olden  time,  lonely  rivers  whose  very  courses 
were  almost  unknown  which  are  now  crowded  with  sails 


and  smoke-stacks,  forests  and  prairies  in  whose  gloomy 
recesses  and  rank  grass  the  wolf,  the  wild  cat  and  the 
buffalo  were,  now  the  sites  of  teeming  cities  : all  this  and 
more,  do  those  simple  words  evoke  from  the  historic  past, 
and  give  food  for  grave,  sweet  thought,  to  the  patriot  of 
to-day.  He  was  married.  May  29th,  1822,  to  Mary  Sophia 
Spencer,  sister  of  Mrs.  General  Cass,  wife  of  General  Gov- 
ernor Cass,  of  Michigan,  at  whose  house  the  marriage  cere- 
mony took  place ; she  is  a second  cousin,  also,  of  Chief- 
Justice  Waite,  now  on  the  bench. 


^ ENTON,  GENERAL  SIMON,  one  of  the  Pioneers 
of  the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  a soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution, was  born,  March,  1755,  in  Fauquier  county, 
Virginia.  His  father  emigrated  from  Ireland,  and 
his  mother  was  of  Scottish  descent,  her  ancestors 
having  been  among  the  first  settlers  of  Virginia. 
His  parents  being  in  middling  circumstances,  he  was  em- 
ployed till  the  age  of  sixteen  years  in  the  cultivation  of  corn 
and  tobacco.  At  that  period  an  incident  occurred  which 
changed  the  destiny  of  his  future  life.  A neighbor’s  son 
had  married  a lady  to  whom  he  was  attached,  and  with  him 
young  Kenton  had  a series  of  personal  rencontres  which 
terminated  in  the  complete  discomfiture  of  his  adversary, 
who  exhibited  no  signs  of  life  at  the  close  of  the  last 
combat,  determined  him  to  flee  from  home  without  even 
seeing  or  consulting  his  parents  or  friends.  He  crossed  the 
Allegheny  mountains,  April  6th,  177G  ^1  Ise’s  Ford 

changed  his  name  to  Simon  Butler.  Having  met  three  men 
who  were  preparing  to  descend  the  Ohio  river,  he  joined 
them,  being  possessed  of  a good  rifle,  the  fruit  of  hard  labor, 
and  with  them  proceeded  as  far  as  Fort  Pitt,  now  Pittsburgh. 
Here  he  formed  a friendship  with  the  notorious  Simon  Girly, 
who  was  the  means,  at  a future  period,  of  his  rescue  from 
the  Indians,  when  doomed  to  the  stake.  Accompanied  by 
a single  companion,  he  descended  the  Ohio  as  far  as  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  Kanawha  river,  and  ascend!. ig  the  Elk 
river,  they  built  a camp,  and  passed  the  winter  in  trapping, 
selling  their  peltries  to  a French  trader.  They  remained  at 
this  point  until  the  spring  of  1773,  when,  attacked  by  the 
Indians,  the  party  became  separated.  Kenton  with  a com- 
panion, both  being  wounded,  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Kanawha  river,  where  they  met  another  party  who  dressed 
their  wounds.  Here  they  entered  the  employ  of  Mr.  Bris- 
coe, who  was  then  endeavoring  to  form  a settlement  on  the 
flreat  Kanawha,  contemporaneously  with  the  lounding  of 
Wheeling,  Grave  Creek,  and  Long  Reach.  Kenton,  with 
his  first  earnings,  procured  a good  rifle,  and  immediately 
joining  a trapping  party,  proceeded  to  the  Ohio.  In  I774> 
an  Indian  war  being  imminent,  he  with  others  repaired  to 
Fort  Pitt.  Lord  Dunmore,  Governor  of  Virginia,  having 
raised  an  army  to  chastise  the  aggressors,  Kenton  was  em- 
ployed as  a .s])y  to  precede  the  troops  and  report  the  condition 


246 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.L;r)IA. 


of  the  country.  After  the  enemy  had  been  chastised,  a treaty 
was  made  with  them,  but  no  sooner  had  the  troops  with- 
drawn than  the  treaty  was  brohen.  Colonel  Lewis  was  now 
sent  to  chastise  the  enemy,  Kenton  being  again  employed  as 
a scout.  On  his  discharge  from  this  service  he  resumed  his 
old  pursuits  of  trapping,  in  the  course  of  which  his  party, 
with  the  aid  only  of  their  tomahawks,  cleared  a small  piece 
of  ground,  which  they  planted  with  corn,  and  which  yielded 
them  a supply  of  thi.s  edible.  This  spot,  called  Kenton’s 
Station,  was  about  one  mile  from  the  present  town  of  Wash- 
ington, in  Mason  county,  Kentucky.  He  passed  the  winter 
with  a settler  named  Stoner,  about  forty-five  miles  south 
of  his  former  locality,  and  in  the  spring,  the  American 
revolution  being  in  progress,  and  the  natives  stimulated  by 
the  British  to  destroy  the  infant  settlements,  the  white  men 
were  obliged  to  flee.  Kenton  joined  Major  (afterwards 
General)  George  Rogers  Clark,  sent  out  by  Virginia  to  pro- 
tect the  settlers.  Kenton  again  accepted  the  position  of  spy 
or  scout,  and  by  his  faithful  discharge  of  his  arduous  duties 
proved  himself  worthy  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  him;  he 
was  always  successful  in  giving  the  fort  timely  notice  of  a 
meditated  attack,  and  to  assist  in  preparing  fir  defence.  He 
next  accompanied  Major  Clark  on  an  expedition  to  Okaw, 
or  Kaskaskia,  where  they  surprised  the  French  commander 
and  took  possession  of  the  fort.  He  was  then  despatched  to 
ascertain  the  strength  of  the  fort  at  Vincennes,  which  having 
accomplished,  after  three  days’  lurking  in  the  neighborhood, 
he  sent  one  of  hfs  companions  with  the  intelligence  to  Clark, 
while  he  and  another  repaired  to  Harrodsburg.  He  next 
joined  several  expeditions  under  Daniel  Boone,  and  signal- 
ized his  courage  to  the. entire  satisfaction  of  that  celebrated 
pioneer.  In  1778  he  was  one  of  the  company  with  Alex- 
ander Montgomery  and  George  Clark  in  an  expedition  to 
Ohio,  with  the  avowed  purpose  of  obtaining  horses  from  the 
Indians.  Proceeding  cautiously  to  Chillicothe  they  fell  in 
with  a drove  of  horses,  captured  seven  and  made  for  the 
river.  But  the  Indians  soon  overtook  them,  killing  Mont- 
gomery and  capturing  Kenton  ; Clark  escaped.  After  un- 
heard of  tortures,  he  was  doomed  to  the  stake,  from  which 
fate  he  was  rescued  by  Simon  Girty,  previo'usly  mentioned, 
who  persuaded  the  Indians  to  carry  him  to  Smdusky.  On 
his  way  thither,  the  compassion  of  the  celebrated  chief, 
Logan,  was  excited  in  his  behalf,  and  at  his  instigation  a 
Canadian  Frenchman  appeared  at  the  council  of  Upper  San- 
dusky, who  succeeded  in  having  him  taken  to  Detroit  and 
delivered  up  as  a prisoner  of  war  to  the  British.  Here  he 
was  lodged  in  the -fort,  where  his  health  was  soon  restored, 
and  where  he  earned  some  money  through  dint  of  hard 
work.  Passing  the  winter  of  1778-79  mostly  in  inactivity, 
he  grew  restless,  and  forming  a plan  of  escape,  in  company 
with  two  companions,  effected  his  object,  being  assisted 
thereto  by  a lady  of  the  neighborhood,  the  wife  of  an  Indian 
trader.  After  a journey  of  thirty-three  days  they  reached  the 
falls  of  the  Ohio,  July,  1779.  Kenton  thence  proceeded  on 
foot  to  Vincennes  to  join  his  old  comjranion.  General  Clark, 


but  finding  the  fort  in  a quiescent  state,  he  returned.  Dur- 
ing the  invasion  of  Kentucky  by  the  British  and  Indians  in 
1779,  he  was  appointed  a Captain,  and,  commanding  an 
active  and  numerous  company  of  volunteers,  he  distinguished 
himself  in  that  campaign.  After  this  company  was  disbanded 
he  remained  in  the  employ  of  the  several  stations  till  1782. 
At  this  period  he  heard,  for  the  first  time,  of  his  long- 
abandoned  parents,  and  of  his  former  opponent,  who  had 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  their  mutual  encounter.  He 
now  assumed  his  own  name,  and,  after  commanding  another 
successful  expedition  against  marauding  Indians  on  the 
Great  Miami,  he  concluded  to  make  a settlement  on  a fertile 
spot  on  Salt  river.  A few  families  joined  him,  reared  block- 
houses, cleared  ground  and  planted  corn,  which  being 
gathered,  he  concluded  to  visit  his  parents.  His  glowing 
descriptions  of  the  fertility  of  Kentucky  induced  his  parents 
to  accompany  him  on  his  return,  but  his  father  died  ere  the 
journey  was  accomplished.  He  remained  at  Salt  river  till 
17S4,  and  thence  removed  to  near  Maysville,  where  he 
formed  the  first  permanent  station  on  the  northeast  side  rf 
the  Licking  river.  Many  emigrants  were  attracted  to  the 
spot;  and  the  Indians  were  kept  at  b.ay  by  the  activity  and 
intelligence  of  the  master-spirit  of  Kenton,  who  was  ever 
foremost  when  danger  threatened.  His  opponent  was  some- 
times the  celebrated  chief  Tecumseh,  whose  tact  and  in- 
trepidity he  was  sometimes  powerless  to  conquer.  In  1793 
Major  Kenton  joined  the  army  under  General  Wayne,  which 
was  variously  employed.  Emigration  now  set  in,  as  the  In- 
dian wars  had  ceased,  and  large  numbers  settled  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio.  Kenton  was  regarded  as  a large  real- 
estate  owner,  yet  his  land-claims  failed  one  after  another, 
as  he  was  ignorant  of  the  law  and  how  to  protect  his  inter- 
ests. In  the  year  1800  he  abandoned  the  soil  which  he 
had  rendered  tenantable  by  his  courage  and  endurance,  and 
settled  on  Mad  river,  Ohio.  In  1805  he  was  made  Brigadier- 
General  of  militia.  In  1813,  when  his  old  companion.  Gov- 
ernor Shelby,  came  to  Urbana  at  the  head  of  the  Kentucky 
troops,  Kenton  could  no  longer  remain  inactive,  but  became 
a member  of  the  Governor’s  military  family.  He  crossed 
the  lake  and  accompanied  General  Harrison  and  Governor 
Shelby  to  Malden,  and  thence  to  the  Thames;  was  present 
in  the  b.attle,  and  played  his  part  with  his  usual  intrepidity. 
Here  ended  the  military  career  of  General  Simon  Kenton, 
a man  who  probably  passed  through  as  great  a variety  of 
border  adventures  as  any  of  our  most  renowned  Western 
pioneers.  This  condensed  narrative,  were  it  prepared  at 
length,  would  form  a volume  not  less  interesting  than  the 
most  marvellous  fiction.  Before  his  death  the  govern- 
ment granted  him  a meagre  pension,  which  secured  him 
from  absolute  want  in  his  declining  years.  His  hospitality 
was  always  commensurate  with  his  means;  during  his  pros- 
perity his  house  was  ever  open  to  the  wealthy  emigrant 
or  the  benighted  traveller.  He  was  a member  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  which  he  joined  in  1810.  He  died  in 
Logan  county,  Ohio,  Aprii  3CI,  1836,  aged  about  eighty-two. 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 


247 


MICHAEL,  Manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Plain  Top,  Stark  county,  Ohio,  January  iSlh, 
1821,  being  the  son  of  Abraham  and  Elizabelli 
(Kr)'der)  Halm.  Mis  means  and  opportunities  for 
obtaining  an  education  were  very  limited,  his 
school  days  having  been  passed  in  Bucyrus, 
Crawford  county,  Ohio.  When  he  attained  his  majority  he 
went  to  Columbus.  This  was  in  March,  1842,  and  he  there 
commenced  his  apprenticeship  to  the  cabinet-making  trade. 
On  January  1st,  1844,  he  started  in  business  for  himself,  and 
has  ev'er  since  continued  it.  While  he  has  had  to  encounter 
many  trying  obstacles,  and  has  been  the  victim  of  some  mis- 
fortunes, his  career  as  a manufacturer  may  on  the  whole  be 
characterized  as  a very  successful  one.  lie  started  in  busi- 
ness with  no  capital  but  skill  and  energy.  He  secured  loans, 
and  was  able  to  repay  them  entirely  within  three  years, 
having  in  the  meantime  secured  to  himself  and  family  a 
comfortable  home.  In  1856  his  factory  was  destroyed  by 
lire,  and  he  sustained  a loss  of  thirteen  thousand  dollars. 
In  1861  his  establishment  was  a second  time  burned  out, 
and  his  losses  were  largely  above  his  insurances.  Since 
then  he  has  prospered  by  a strict  attention  to  business  and 
through  a studious  effort  to  win  patronage  by  turning  out  a 
superior  quality  of  goods.  During  the  rebellion  he  served 
in  the  Union  army  for  eight,  months.  He  has  held  few 
places  of  public  trust  and  responsibility,  but  where  he  has 
served  in  an  official  capacity,  he  has  discharged  his  duties 
with  intelligence  and  fidelity.  He  is  quite  largely  interested 
as  a stockholder.  Director  and  President,  in  a number  of 
prosperous  business  corporations,  and  is  an  enterprising  and 
public-spirited  citizen.  He  was  married  on  March  14th, 
1844,  to  Mai-y  A.  Markley,  and  has  two  married  daughters 
and  one  single ; also  three  single  sons,  and  five  grandchil- 
dren. He  became  religious  in  early  life,  and  attributes  all 
his  successes  to  temperance,  religion,  and  devotion  to  God. 
He  has  given  for  charities  and  benevolent  purposes  thou- 
sands of  dollars,  and  has  thereby,  while  helping  others,  en- 
riched himself  with  a consciousness  of  having  done  what  he 
could  for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  his  fellows. 
He  has  been  an  Odd  Fellow  for  many  years,  passed  all  its 
chairs  and  received  all  its  honors,  and  is  sincerely  devoted 
to  its  principles  of  “ visiting  the  sick,  relieving  the  distressed, 
burying  the  dead,  and  educating  the  orphan.” 


vjR.ANT,  ULYSSES  S.,  eighteenth  President  of  the 
United  States,  was  born,  Apiil  27lh,  1822,  at 
Point  Pleasant,  Ohio,  descending  from  Scotch 
ancestry.  He  passed  his  boyhood  in  the  village 
of  Georgetown,  Ohio,  whither  his  parents  removed 
in  1823,  and  by  the  appointment  of  Hon.  Thomas 
L.  Harmer,  Congressman,  entered  the  Military  Academy  at 
Mest  Point  in  1839.  His  name  originally  was  Hiram 
Ulysses  but  the  certificate  of  appointment  to  the  academy 


was  made  out  for  Ulysses  S.,  and  the  latter  has  been  ever 
since  recognized  as  his  name.  He  graduated  in  1843^  hav- 
ing in  his  studies  shown  a marked  jiroficiency  in  mathe- 
matics. He  ranked  twenty-first  in  a class  of  thirty-nine, 
and  was  made  a brevet  Second  Lieutenant  of  infantry,  being 
attached  very  soon  after  as  supernumerary  Lieutenant  to  the 
4th  Regiment,  stationed  at  that  time  in  Missouri.  In  the 
summer  of  1845  he  accompanied  this  command  to  Texas, 
where  it  joined  General  Taylor’s  army,  and  on  September 
30th  was  made  a full  Lieutenant.  His  first  service  on  the 
field  of  battle  was  at  Palo  Alto,  May  8th,  1S46,  and  subse- 
quently he  participated  in  the  engagements  at  Resaca  de  la 
Palma  and  Monterey,  and  at  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz.  In 
.■\pril,  1847,  he  was  appointed  Quartermaster  of  his  regi- 
ment, and  for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Molino 
del  Ray,  September  8th,  1847,  he  was  made  a First  Lieu- 
tenant on  the  field.  He  was  brevetted  Captain  for  his  con- 
duct at  Chapultepec,  to  date  from  that  engagement,  which 
occurred  September  13th,  1S47.  After  the  capture  of  the 
City  of  Mexico  he  returned  with  his  regiment.  In  1848 
he  married  Julia  T.  Dent,  sister  of  one  of  his  classmates. 
In  1852  he  accompanied  his  regiment  to  California  and 
Oregon,  and  while  at  Fort  Vancouver,  August  5th,  1853, 
was  commissioned  full  Captain.  On  July  31st,  1854,  he  re- 
signed and  removed  to  St.  Louis,  cultivating  a farm  near 
that  city  and  engaging  in  business  as  a real  estate  agent. 
In  1859  he  was  emplo.yed  by  his  father  in  the  leather  trade 
at  Galena,  Illinois.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion 
he  took  the  command  of  a company  of  volunteers,  with  whom 
he  marched  to  Springfield,  Illinois,  being  there  retained  as 
an  aid  to  Governor  Yates,  and  acted  as  mustering  officer 
of  Illinois  volunteers  until  he  became  Colonel  of  the  21st 
Regiment,  his  commi.ssion  dating  from  June  17th,  1861. 
He  joined  his  regiment  at  Mattoon,  organized  and  drilled 
it  at  Caseyville,  and  then  crossed  into  Missouri,  where  it 
formed  part  of  the  guard  of  the  Hannibal  and  Hudson  Rail- 
road. He  was  on  July  31st  placed  in  command  of  the  troops 
at  Mexico,  forming  part  of  General  Pope’s  force,  and  on 
August  23d  was  promoted  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers, 
the  commission  dating  back  to  May  17th,  and  assumed  at 
once  the  command  of  the  troops  at  Cairo,  who  were  re- 
inforced shortly  after  by  General  McClernand’s  brigade. 
On  September  6th  he  seized  Paducah,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Tennessee,  and  .Smithland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cumber- 
land, on  the  25th.  His  proclamation  to  the  people  of  Pa- 
ducah announced  that  he  had  nothing  to  do  \\  ith  opinions, 
but  should  deal  only  with  armed  rebellion,  its  aiders  and 
abetters.  He  checked  the  advance  of  the  Confederate 
General  Jeff  Thompson  on  October  21st,  1861  ; this  being 
accomplished  at  the  battle  of  Fredericktown,  Missouri. 
When  Halleck  assumed  command  of  the  Department  of 
Missouri  in  the  following  December,  Grant  was  assigned  to 
the  control  of  the  District  of  Cairo,  which  was  then  one  of 
the  largest  districts  in  the  West.  In  February  of  1862,  at 
the  head  of  15,000  men,  he  started  on  his  memorable  march 


mOGRAPlIICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


r48 

for  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson.the  former  of 
which  commanded  the  Tennessee  river,  and  the  latter  the 
Cumberland.  The  gun-boats  of  Commodore  P'oote,  assisted 
by  Grant’s  army,  compelled  the  surrender  of  Fort  Henry  on 
P'ebruary  6th.  Fort  Donelson  was  only  captured  after  a 
severe  • engagement  on  February  15th,  in  which  the  land 
forces  under  Grant  distinguished  themselves.  The  title  of 
“ Unconditional  Surrender  Grant,”  which  he  bore  through- 
out the  war,  dates  from  this  event.  His  terms  of  capitula- 
tion to  the  rebel  General  Butler  being,  “ No  other  than  an 
unconditional  and  immediate  surrender  can  be  accepted. 
I propose  to  move  immediately  upon  your  works.”  The 
capture  of  this  stronghold,  and  a very  large  portion  of  its 
defenders,  may  be  regarded  as  the  first  substantial  triumph 
of  the  Federal  arms.  Grant  became  the  hero  of  the  day, 
and  the  admiration  of  his  martial  skill  was  no  less  general 
than  the  admiration  for  the  terse  and  pointed  manner  in 
which  he  couched  the  terms  cf  capitulation.  He  was  com- 
missioned Major-General  of  Volunteers  for  his  great  services 
rendered  in  these  engagements,  the  commission  dating  from 
I'ebruary  l6th,  1862,  and  in  a very  few  days  an  army  of 
40,000  men,  which  had  been  sent  up  the  Tennessee  by 
General  Halleck,  was  jilaced  under  his  command.  The 
memorable  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing  commenced  at  day- 
break on  April  6th,  1862,  when  Grant’s  army  which  was 
preparing  for  an  attack  on  Corinth  was  itself  surprised  by  an 
overwhelming  force  under  General  A.  S.  Johnston  and 
routed  from  its  camp  with  heavy  loss.  Grant  did  not  arrive 
on  the  field  until  8 A.  M.,  when  he  succeeded  in  re-forming 
the  lines,  and  having  been  reinforced  during  the  remainder 
of  the  day  by  General  Buell,  renewed  the  battle  himself  on 
the  following  morning,  completely  defeating  the  enemy  at 
every  point  and  recovering  the  prisoners  and  stores  which 
had  been  lost  on  the  previous  day.  In  a few  days  he  began 
the  siege  of  Corinth,  to  which  the  Confederate  troops  had 
retreated  after  the  battle,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  1862, 
succeeded  in  driving  them  from  that  stronghold.  By  the 
recall  of  Halleck  to  Washington  on  July  nth  Grant  became 
commander  of  the  Department  of  Tennessee,  with  his  head- 
quarters at  Corinth,  and  on  September  17th  he  ordered  an 
advance  from  thttt  place  to  intercept  General  Price,  who 
had  concentrated  a large  force  at  luka.  Here  on  Septem- 
ber 19th  a hot  battle  was  fought,  and  a complete  victory  for 
the  Federal  arms  gained.  Grant  pushed  to  the  Ohio  river 
to  obstruct  General  Bragg’s  force,  leaving  General  Rose- 
crans  in  command  of  Corinth,  where  he  was  attacked  by 
the  Confederates,  Price  and  Vandorn,  and  succeeded  in  re- 
pulsing them  with  heavy  loss.  General  Buell  with  a por- 
tion of  Grant’s  command  intercepted  Bragg  at  Perryville 
October  8th,  and  routed  his  command  in  a hot  engagement, 
and  compelled  his  retreat  to  Fast  Tennessee.  The  fall  of 
1862  was  devoted  by  Grant  to  efforts  for  the  reduction  of 
Vicksburg,  the  Gibraltar  of  the  Mississippi,  which  were  un- 
successful. In  December  he  moved  his  army  down  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  defeating  in  the  ensuing  April  the 


enemy  in  the  actions  of  Raymond,  Jackson,  Champion’s 
Hill  and  Big  Black,  and  preventing  the  junction  of  the  Con- 
federate Johnston’s  forces  with  those  of  Pemberton  at  Vicks- 
burg. On  May  1 8th,  1863,  he  laid  siege  to  that  city,  and 
on  July  4th  it  fell  into  his  hands,  together  with  27,000  pris- 
oners of  war.  I'or  that  strategic  action  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Major-General  in  the  regular  army,  and  in  the 
succeeding  October  assumed  the  command  of  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Mississippi,  which  then  comprised  the  de- 
partments commanded  by  Sherman,  Thomas,  Burnside  and 
Hooker.  His  reinforcement  of  Sherman  on  the  Big  Black 
river  enabled  that  General  to  drive  the  Confederate  forces 
under  Johnston  out  of  Jackson,  Mississippi.  Chattanooga 
being  threatened  by  Bragg,  Grant  concentrated  his  forces 
for  its  defence,  carrying  by  assault  the  Confederate  positions 
on  Missionary  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain,  respectively, 
on  November  24th  and  25th.  Upon  the  retreat  of  Bragg’s 
forces  Grant  sent  relief  to  Burnside,  then  at  Knoxville,  which 
was  closely  invested  by  Longstreet,  who  was  quickly  com- 
pelled to  retreat.  Congress  in  its  sess,ion  of  1863-64  passed 
a resolution  providing  that  a gold  medal  be  struck  for  Gen- 
eral Grant  in  honor  of  his  achievements,  and  returning 
thanks  to  him  and  his  army.  New  York  and  Ohio  passed 
similar  measures.  On  March  1st,  1864,  Congress  revived 
the  grade  of  I.ieutenant-General,  and  President  Lincoln  at 
once  nominated  General  Grant  for  the  position,  the  Senate 
confirming  the  nomination  on  the  following  day.  On  his 
arrival  in  Washington  March  9th,  1864,  Grant  received  his 
commission  from  the  President,  and  on  the  17th  issued  his 
first  general  order  announcing  that  he  had  assumed  com- 
mand of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  with  his  head- 
quarters in  the  field,  and  until  further  orders  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  This  was  the  first  time  during  the  Rebel- 
lion that  one  General  commanded  all  the  national  troops; 
and  with  nearly  700,000  men  at  his  disposal.  Grant  planned 
two  campaigns  which  were  to  be  directed  simultaneously 
against  vital  points  of  the  Confederacy.  One  of  these  cam- 
paigns was  to  be  under  General  Meade,  with  orders  to 
operate  against  Richmond,  then  defended  by  Lee;  the  other 
to  be  under  General  Sherman,  and  to  be  directed  against 
Atlanta,  defended  by  General  Johnston.  At  midnight  on 
May  3d,  1864,  the  advance  was  made  towards  Richmond, 
and  the  army  under  Grant  of  140,000  men  pushed  into  the 
Wilderness  and  commenced  that  series  of  terrible  engage- 
ments which  are  better  known  as  the  Seven  Days’  Fight, 
Lee  was  apprised  of  this  movement  on  the  4th,  and  boldly 
taking  the  offensive  tried  to  strike  the  Federal  forces  on 
their  march.  The  immediate  result  was  a bloody  battle, 
which  temporarily  foiled  Grant’s  attempt  to  interpose  his 
army  between  Lee  and  Richmond.  He  made  a second  ad- 
vance by  the  left  flank,  being  again  met  by  Lee  at  Spottsyl- 
vania,  and  after  a terrible  struggle,  which  was  only  a partial 
success,  he  repeated  the  movement  and  was  again  con- 
fronted by  Lee  on  the  North  Anna  river.  A fourth  advance 
brought  him  before  the  impregnable  rifle-pits  of  Cold  Plarbor, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


249 


anil  after  an  unsuccessful  assault  on  these,  he  once  more 
moved  his  army  by  the  left  flank,  crossing  the  James  river, 
sending  a despatch  to  the  Government  at  Washington,  “ I 
propose  to  fight  it  out  on  this  line  if  it  takes  all  summer.” 
His  losses  in  the  campaign  from  the  Rapidan  to  the 
James,  covering  the  period  from  May  3d  to  June  15th, 
amounted  to  54,551  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  while 
Lee's  losses  were  about  32,000.  When  Grant  made  his 
first  advance  towards  Richmond,  he  announced  that  fact 
by  despatch  to  General  Sherman,  who  then  opened  his  cam- 
paign against  Atlanta,  and  commenced  his  historic  “ March 
to  the  Sea.”  Grant’s  flanking  movements  being  foiled,  with 
Lee  still  in  the  open  field  before  Richmond,  with  which  he 
had  con.stant  communication,  the  problem  of  the  war  in 
Grant’s  estimation  was  narrowed  down  to  the  siege  of  Peters- 
burg, which  he  now  began.  While  this  siege  was  in  pro- 
gress there  were  other  diversions  of  the  campaign  in  Mary- 
land and  Virginia,  in  which  Sheridan  figured  prominently. 
Johnston  in  Georgia  was  unable  to  check  the  advance  of 
Sherman,  and  his  successor  in  command.  General  Hood, 
was  compelled  to  evacuate  Atlanta  and  lost  his  army  before 
Nashville.  The  siege  of  Petersburg  ended  after  the  Federal 
victory  at  Five  Forks.  In  April,  1865,  Richmond  was 
evacuated  by  the  Confederates,  and  I.ee  retreated  westward 
toward  Danville  closely  pressed  by  Grant,  who  finally  com- 
pelled his  surrender  at  Appomattox  Court  House  on  April 
9th,  Sherman  forcing  Johnston’s  surrender  only  a few  days 
before.  These  unconditional  surrenders  of  the  only  two 
Confederate  forces  then  organized  i}i  the  field  virtually 
closed  the  war.  On  July  25th,  1866,  Grant  was  commis- 
sioned General  of  the  United  States  Army,  Congress  having 
created  the  rank  for  him.  On  August  12th,  1867,  he  acted 
as  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim,  when  President  Johnson 
suspended  Secretary  Stanton  from  office,  holding  the  posi- 
tion until  January  14th,  186S,  the  Senate  having  refused  to 
sanction  the  removal  of  Mr.  Stanton.  President  Johnson 
desired  Grant  to  retain  the  office  notwithstanding  the  action 
of  the  Senate,  but  the  General  clo,sed  a tangled  correspond- 
ence relating  to  the  affair  in  a terse  and  very  plain  letter 
announcing  his  refusal.  The  National  Republican  Con- 
vention on  May  21st,  1868,  at  Chicago,  made,  on  the  first 
ballot,  the  unanimous  choice  of  General  Grant  as  its  nominee 
for  President  of  the  United  States,  selecting  Schuyler  Col- 
fax as  his  associate  on  the  ticket.  The  result  of  the  electoral 
vote  was  as  follows ; Grant  and  Colfax,  214;  Seymour  and 
Blair,  80.  President  Grant  after  his  inaugural  commenced 
to  carry  out  the  policy  of  reconstruction  of  the  lately  rebel- 
lious .States  which  Congress  had  mapped  out.  In  1871  he 
urged  the  annexation  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  secured  to  the 
United  States  a lease  of  the  Peninsula  and  Bay  of  Samana 
for  fifty  years,  but  it  being  claimed  that  the  treaties  con- 
cerning Santo  Domingo  had  not  been  confirmed  by  a popular 
vote  of  its  people.  President  Grant,  in  conformity  with  a re- 
solution of  Congress,  appointed  a commission  to  visit  .Santo 
Domingo  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  country, 

32 


government,  and  the  people.  Although  their  report  was 
favorable  to  annexation,  the  Senate  refused  to  confirm  the 
treaty.  During  1872,  the  last  year  of  his  first  term  as  Presi- 
dent, the  Court  of  Arbitration,  which,  with  the  approval  of 
the  English  Government,  had  been  appointed  to  decide  the 
Alabama  claims,  concluded  their  labors  at  Geneva  on  Se])- 
tember  14th,  awarding  the  gross  sum  of  $15,500,000,  to  be 
paid  by  the  British  Government  to  the  United  States  for 
damages  to  American  commerce  by  Confederate  cruisers 
fitted  out  in  British  ports.  The  treaty  with  Great  Britain 
providing  for  this  international  arbitration  was  negotiated 
by  the  cabinet  appointed  by  President  Grant.  The  President 
enforced  the  provisions  of  the  14th  amendment  to  the  Con- 
stitution, and  on  October  17th,  1871,  suspended  the  writ  of 
habeas  corpus  in  the  northern  counties  of  South  Carolina, 
which  had  been  the  scene  of  what  are  called  the  Ku-klux 
outrages.  In  the  same  year  he  appointed  a Commission  on 
Civil  Service  Reform,  which  devised  a plan  for  rendering 
the  civil  service  of  the  Government  more  efficient;  this,  after 
trial,  has  been  abandoned.  On  June  5th,  1872,  the  National 
Republican  Convention,  at  Philadelphia,  renominated  Presi- 
dent Grant  by  acclamation,  Henry  Wilson,  of  Massachu- 
setts, being  selected  as  nominee  for  Vice-President.  Horace 
Greeley  and  B.  Gratz  Brown  were  the  candidates  of  the 
Liberal  Republicans  and  Democrats.  The  result  of  the 
election  was  a popular  majority  for  Grant  of  762,991  over 
Greeley.  The  Forty-second  Congress  doubled  the  President’s 
salary,  making  it  $50,000  per  annum,  increasing  the  salaries 
of  the  Vice-President,  Speaker  of  the  House,  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court  and  Heads  of  Departments  25  per  cent. 


IrjlLI.MORE,  ELISHA  E.,  Wholesale  and  Retail 
Li  Hardware  Merchant,  was  born  in  Clinton  county, 


New  York,  May  23d,  1812.  His  parents,  natives 
of  Connecticut,  moved  thence  to  New  York  in 
1793.  His  father  was  a farmer  in  moderate  cir- 
cumstances. He  was  the  recipient  of  the  ordi- 
naiy  education  obtainable  in  the  country  schools  of  his  day, 
and  pursued  his  studies  during  the  winter,  while  in  the  sum- 
mer_  months  he  assisted  in  the  labor  of  the  farm.  Upon 
attaining  his  fifteenth  year  he  went  to  what  was  then  called 
“ Black  Rock,”  now  a portion  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  where 
he  found  employment  as  a clerk  in  a store  with  the  firm  of 
McPherson  & Bird.  At  the  expiration  of  seven  years  spent 
in  this  capacity,  he  was  offered  a position  as  bookkeeper  and 


salesman  in  the  hardware  store  of  Patterson  Brothers,  in 
Buffalo,  which  he  accepted  and  occupied  for  about  one 
year.  At  this  time,  1835,  the  firm  opened  a branch  house 
in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  and  he  was  intrusted  with  its  man.age- 
ment,  the  firm  then  consisting  of  Patterson  Brothers,  E.  E. 
Fillmore,  .'nd  John  B.  Graham,  of  New  York,  under  the 
style  of  Fillmore,  Pattersons  & Co.  At  the  expiration  of 
two  years  Mr.  Graham  purchased  the  interest  of  Patterson 


250 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENX’YCLOP.EDIA. 


Brothers,  and  the  firm  was  continued  under  the  name  of 
P'illniore  & Co.  Three  years  later  he  became  the  owner, 
by  purchase,  of  Ids  partner’s  interest,  and  sustained  the  busi- 
ness alone  until  1863,  when  he  associated  with  him  his  son, 
William  A.  I'illmore,  and  his  nephew,  William  A.  Cassel, 
adopting  the  firm-name  of  E.  E.  Fillmore  & Co.,  by  which 
the  house  has  since  been  known.  For  eight  consecutive 
years  he  was  a Director  of  public  schools,  and  in  1859  "'‘is 
elected  County  Commissioner.  To  the  latter  position  he 
was  re-elected  in  1863,  and  in  1866  was  again  re-elected, 
vacating  the  office  finally  in  1869.  He  was  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  First  National  Rank  of  Zanesvdle,  and  has 
been  one  of  its  Directors  from  the  date  of  organization  down 
to  the  present  time.  In  1857,  in  connection  with  other  co- 
workers, he  assisted  in  reorganizing,  under  the  name  of  the 
Ohio  Iron  Company,  an  iron  works  which  had  previously 
been  projected  and  established.  Of  that  company  he  was 
elected  a Director,  and  ultimately  he  was  selected  to  fill  the 
Presidential  chair,  an  office  stiil  held  by  him.  The  company 
started  with  a capital  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars,  and 
now  has  over  a half  million  of  dollars  invested  in  its  works. 
Its  products  find  a market  throughout  the  entire  Western 
country.  He  is  also  a stockholder  in  the  Cincinnati  & Mus- 
kingum Valley  Railroad,  of  which  he  was  a Director  from 
1870  to  1873.  He  has  recently  completed  a very  large  ware- 
house on  Main  .street,  Zanesville,  which  is  one  of  the  orna- 
ments of  the  city,  and  as  a mercantile  building  unsurpassed 
in  the  State.  He  is  intimately  identified  with  the  real-estate 
interests  of  his  town,  and  owns  a very  handsome  country 
residence,  situated  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  He  was 
married,  August  30th,  1836,  to  Margaret  Arthur,  daughter 
of  Rev.  William  Arthur,  a prominent  and  able  Presbyterian 
minister  of  Zanesville.  By  her  he  has  had  five  children, 
thi'ee  of  whom  are  now  living;  of  these,  one  son  is  asso- 
ciated with  him  as  a business  partner;  another  is  employed 
in  his  house  as  a clerk;  the  third  is  a daughter. 


{'■0 


■|j^  E.VRSON,  JOSEPH,  Lawyer  and  ex-Judge  of  Pro- 
bate for  Miami  County,  Ohio,  was  born,  in  180S, 
at  Carlisle,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
His  early  education  was  obtained  at  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  place,  and  when  he  had  ar- 
rived at  the  proper  age  he  was  apprenticed  there 
to  learn  the  trade  of  saddler.  When  he  was  nineteen  years 
old  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  at  Troy,  in  Miami 
county;  there  he  worked  industriously  at  his  just-acquired 
trade,  but  he  was  equally  industrious  aside  from  his  me- 
chanical calling.  All  his  leisure  lime  was  occupied  in  add- 
ing to  the  limited  education  he  had  heretofore  been  able  to 
secure.  After  a while  he  began  to  read  law  in  the  hours 
when  he  was  not  working  at  his  trade.  His  reading  was  so 
thorough  and  effective  that  eventually  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  The  business  of  making  saddles  was  then  relin- 


quished for  the  business  of  the  lawyer.  He  was  successful 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  grew  rapidly  into  the 
favor  of  a large  and  influential  class  of  patrons,  so  that  in  a 
comparatively  short  time  he  was  in  the  enjoyment  of  an  ex- 
tended and  lucrative  practice.  He  continued  his  residence 
in  Miami  county,  and  was  several  times  called  upon  to  fulfil 
the  duties  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  there,  and  throughout  all 
the  many  terms  during  which  he  held  that  office  he  per- 
formed all  its  duties  in  the  ablest  and  most  satisfactory  man- 
ner. In  1854  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  the  county,  and  held 
the  position  until  1858.  In  i860  he  was  elected  Probate 
Judge,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  position  in  1S63.  During 
the  six  years  that  he  served  in  that  capacity  his  official  acts 
were  such  as  to  win  the  highest  commendation  of  all  parties. 
Judicial  honors  were  accompanied  by  military,  and  he  rose 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  State  militia.  He  was  married 
in  the  year  1838  to  Maria  Ludlow,  of  Cincinnati  ; five  chil- 
dren, four  sons  and  one  daughter,  resulted  from  the  union. 
The  daughter  died  in  childhood,  but  the  sons  all  survive, 
Hon.  Joseph  E.  Pearson  being  the  third. 


AJOR,  FR.VNCIS  W.,  Physician  and  Surgeon,  was 
born,  April  2d,  1814,  in  ITanklin  county,  Ken- 
tucky. His  father,  George  Major,  was  a native 
of  Virginia,  and  removed  with  his  father  to  Ken- 
tucky in  1790,  studied  law,  and  practised  for 
many  years  at  the  Frankfort  bar.  Of  his  four 
children  Francis  was  the  only  son.  The  family  is  of  Nor- 
man origin,  and  of  very  ancient  lineage,  tracing  its  ancestry 
back  directly  to  Archbishop  Major  (pronounced  Manger), 
of  Rouen,  the  uncle  of  William  the  Conqueror.  The  Arch- 
bishop, on  account  of  Papal  despotisms,  abdicated  his  sec, 
and  removed  to  the  island  of  Guernsey,  where  he  met  with 
and  formed  an  attachment  for  a lady  by  the  name  of  Guilte, 
who  was  greatly  renowned  for  her  beauty  and  accomplish- 
ments; and  without  the  sanction  of  the  church  they  were 
married  and  raised  a large  family  of  children,  some  of  whom 
accompanied  the  Conqueror  to  England,  where  they  re- 
mained. From  one  of  the  family  sprang  Sir  Mathias  Major, 
who  obtained  a grant  of  arms  (see  “ Patronymica  Britan- 
nica  ” ),  and  was  lineal  ancestor  of  Richard  Major,  Esq.,  of 
Hurdsley,  Hampshire  county,  England,  whose  daughter, 
Dorethy  Margaret,  married  Richard,  afterwards  Lord  Pro- 
tector Cromwell.  After  the  restoration  of  Charles  11. , 
Richard  Major  migrated  to  America  and  settled  in  York- 
town,  Virginia,  in  the  year  1660.  Francis,  the  fifth  in  de- 
scent from  the  American  founder  of  the  family,  and  whose 
name  heads  this  article,  after  completing  his  education  en- 
tered the  Transylvania  Medical  College,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  1834.  He  soon  afterwards  located  in 
Paris,  Kentucky,  where  he  enjoyed  a very  select  and  remu- 
nerative practice  until  1847,  when  he  removed  to  Coving- 
ton, in  the  same  State ; in  that  city  he  remained  in  the  prac- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  encvclop.l;dia. 


251 


tice  of  his  profession  until  1861.  In  that  year  he  removed 
to  Lexington,  and  remained  there  for  a period  of  three  years. 
In  1S64  he  was  banished  from  the  State  of  Kentucky  on  ac- 
count of  his  sympathy  with  the  cause  of  the  rebellion,  al- 
though he  had  committed  no  overt  act  against  the  govern- 
ment. He  then  took  up  his  residence  at  Hamilton,  Ohio, 
and  speedily  gained  an  extensive  professional  practice,  and 
a wide  circle  of  friends.  At  Hamilton  he  has  continued  to 
reside  ever  since.  He  occupies  a high  and  enviable  position 
in  his  profession  ; is  a man  of  cultivation  and  learning,  and 
eiijoys  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  entire  community. 
In  1840  he  married  Ann  F.  Smi.h,  of  Paris,  Kentucky;  she 
died  in  1847,  leaving  him  two  sons.  In  1854  he  married 
his  present  wife,  Ellen  C.  Dudley,  of  Cincinnati,  and  the 
fruit  of  this  marriage  has  been  two  children,  a son  and  a 
daughter. 


OLDSHITH,  ALBERT,  Wholesale  Clothing  Mer- 
chant, was  born  in  the  city  of  Hanover,  Germany. 
His  father,  Moses  Goldsmith,  was  a successful 
Hanoverian  merchant ; twenty  years  ago,  after 
putting  his  estate  and  business  interests  in  the 
hands  of  his  children,  he  retired  from  active  life. 
This  is  a practice  largely  in  vogue  in  parts  of  Germany. 
The  parent  gives  up  his  entire  estate  to  his  children,  secur- 
ing a sufficient  amount  against  uncertain  changes,  on  which 
a certain  annuity  is  to  be  paid  by  the  children  for  his  sup- 
port. A similar  plan  might  in  many  instances  be  followed 
in  this  country.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  youngest 
of  a family  of  six  children,  and  until  the  age  of  fifteen  most 
of  his  time  was  spent  in  school.  Leaving  his  studies  he 
was  put  in  a mercantile  house  to  learn  business.  For  this 
business  education  and  learning  his  father  paid  a regular 
fee,  which  practice  yet  exists  to  a very  great  extent  in  that 
and  other  parts  of  Germany  and  Europe  generally.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  entered  a dry-goods  jobbing  house  in 
Hanover  as  a travelling  salesman,  which  position  he  occu- 
pied for  six  years.  Before  Prussia  extended  her  authority 
over  the  kingdom  of  Hanover  it  was  customary  for  a young 
man  starting  in  any  business  to  serve  a regular  apprentice- 
ship, perfect  himself  in  his  trade  by  travel  and  work,  and 
undergo  an  examination  as  to  his  ability  and  fitness  before  a 
regularly  authorized  board.  This  wise  regulation  was  car- 
ried out  in  all  pursuits,  and  although  a slow  process,  it  pro- 
duced a superior,  reliable  and  skilful  race  of  business  men, 
and  doubtless  largely  accounts  for  the  remarkable  thrift  of 
American  Germans.  Mr.  Goldsmith  now  began  to  con- 
sider the  propriety  of  emigrating  to  the  United  States.  The 
opportunities  to  make  great  fortunes  in  the  dominions  of 
King  William  are  few  and  far  between.  The  man  of  mod- 
erate means  seldom,  and  the  poor  man  never,  rises  there. 
Through  the  urgent  demands  of  a brother  who  had  jire- 
ceded  him  and  his  own  ambition,  he  at  length  determined 
to  come  to  America.  In  1864  he  landed  at  Cincinnati,  and 


immediately  entered  the  house  of  Mack  & Brothers,  after- 
wards Mack,  Stradler  & Co.  In  this  establishment  he  re- 
mained as  a travelling  salesman  until  1870.  In  travelling 
among  Western  merchants  he  soon  discovered  one  of  their 
greatest  inconveniences — the  necessity  of  going  East  for 
their  youths’  and  boys’  clothing.  Then  there  was  only  one 
house  in  Cincinnati  doing  but  a small  business  in  that  line  ; 
none  in  St.  Louis,  and,  in  fact,  little  of  the  trade  was  sup- 
plied anywhere  in  the  West.  This  induced  him  to  plan  the 
establishment  of  a manufactory  of  youths’  and  boys’  clothing 
in  Cincinnati  on  a scale  suited  to  the  demands  of  the  West. 
During  his  travels  as  a salesman  in  1865  he  became  ac- 
quainted with  and  married  Sarah  Wolff,  of  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio.  'Ihe  following  year  this  good  lady  died.  In  1SG8 
he  was  again  married  to  Carrie  Katzenberger,  daughter  of 
L.  Katzenberger,  of  Cincinnati.  His  business  plans  were 
approved  by  his  father-in-law,  who  joined  him  at  once  with 
his  own  capital,  and  the  house  of  Katzenberger  & Goldsmith 
was  formed.  Their  capacity  to  supply  the  want  long  felt 
in  this  line  of  goods  soon  became  known,  and  in  a few 
months  their  trade  sprang  up  far  beyond  their  expectations, 
which  induced  them  in  1871  to  add  to  their  firm  Mr.  L. 
Loeb,  a merchant  of  large  experience  and  considerable 
means.  After  the  success  of  this  house  was  seen  to  be  as- 
sured, other  establishments  of  the  kind  started  up  in  Cincin- 
nati and  other  Western  cities,  but  this  establishment  has 
maintained  its  position  as  first  house  of  the  kind  of  any  im- 
portance west  of  the  Alleghenies.  The  manufacture  of 
youths’  and  boys’  clothing  has  become  one  of  the  large  busi- 
ness interests  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  it  this  house  takes  the 
position  of  pioneer.  They  now  give  employment  to  five  or 
six  hundred  men,  women  and  children,  and  extend  their 
trade  over  the  greater  part  of  the  Territories  and  Western 
and  .Southern  States.  Mr.  Goldsmith  is  a member  of  many 
social  associations,  and  has  held  many  prominent  positions 
in  the  societies  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  an  active  mem- 
ber. Few  men,  hardly  yet  passed  into  the  prime  of  life,  and 
certainly  fewer  commencing  at  such  a late  date  in  this 
country,  can  present  such  a career  of  business  success,  or 
occupy  so  enviable  a position  in  business  and  social  circles. 


IGELOW,  LORIN,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Vermont, 
February  12th,  1792.  He  is  of  English  extrac- 
tion. His  father  was  a ])reacher,  a mechanic  and 
a larmer.  His  early  educational  advantages  were 
few,  but  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  attended  the 
Chesterfield  Academy,  in  New  Hampshire,  where 
he  became  acquainted  with  the  languages.  Having  a love 
for  the  profession  of  medicine,  he  resolved  to  enter  upon  a 
course  of  study.  Having  accomplished  his  purpose,  he  com- 
menced to  practise  in  Westmoreland  county,  Tennsylvania. 
Twelve  years  of  his  early  life  were  passed  in  Pennsylvania, 
but  he  had  formerly  resided  in  Ohio.  He  returned  to  Ohio, 


252 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EA’CVCLOP.EDIA. 


and  settled  on  the  same  farm  at  Palmyra,  Portage  county, 
where  he  now  resides  with  a son.  He  was  married  in 
1814  to  Amy  H.  Oldham,  a native  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
six  children  blessed  the  union,  only  three  of  wdrom — all 
sons — survive.  He  practised  at  Palmyra  with  great  success, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  most  venerable  of  its  retired  citizens. 
In  politics  he  is  a Democrat.  During  the  years  1849-50 
and  ’51  he  represented  his  fellow'-citizens  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  assisted  in  the  adoption  of  the  revised  State 
Constitution.  He  was  quite  prominent  in  local  politics, 
and  as  a member  of  the  Legislature  performed  an  important 
part  in  the  regulation  of  the  school  law,  an  instrument 
which  was  the  subject  of  much  agitation  at  the  time.  He 
was  twice  married. 

OUDON,  JAMES,  Farmer,  Major-General  of  the 
Ohio  State  Militia  and  ex-State  Senator,  was 
born  in  Henry  county,  Kentucky,  October  2ist, 
1796,  and  was  the  oldest  of  three  children  whose 
parents  were  John  Loudon  and  Dorcas  (Master- 
son)  Loudon.  His  father,  a native  of  Washing- 
ton county,  Pennsylvania,  follow'ed  through  life  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  was  a participant,  under  General  Wayne,  in 
the  battle  of  Fallen  Timbers.  He  died  in  Henry  county, 
Kentucky,  where  he  had  settled  in  1794.  His  paternal 
grandfather  w'as  actively  engaged  in  association  with  the 
patriots  during  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  His  maternal 
grandfather,  John  Masterson,  w'as  one  of  the  body-guards 
of  General  Washington,  and  was  intimately  identified  with 
colonial  measures  and  efforts.  His  mother  was  a native  of 
Washington  county,  and  one  of  a family  whose  male  mem- 
bers w'ere  prominent  throughout  the  troublous  period  of 
uprising.  In  1806  he  moved  with  his  mother  to  Brown 
county,  Ohio,  settling  at  a point  distant  about  six  miles  east 
from  Georgetown,  on  the  farm  of  Neil  Washburn,  whence, 
at  the  expiration  of  four  years,  he  and  the  family  removed 
to  Arnheini,  Brown  county,  where  a farm  was  rented  and  a 
residence  maintained  for  a period  of  about  two  years.  His 
mother  was  then  again  married  to  Joshua  Jordan,  one  of  the 
earlier  pioneer  settlers  of  the  country,  whereupon  the  family 
moved  to  River  Hill,  on  the  Ohio  river,  a short  distance 
below  Ripley.  Here  he  made  his  home  during  the  ensuing 
fourteen  years,  employed  in  laboring  on  the  farm,  and 
during  the  summer  months  of  five  or  six  of  those  years  in 
clerking  in  dry-goods  stores,  while  river  occupations  con- 
sumed his  time  through  the  winters.  His  first  boating  was 
on  the  Ohio,  in  the  old  keel-boat  line.  In  the  fall  of  1813 
he  made  a trip  to  the  salt  works  on  the  Kanawha  river;  the 
next  fall  he  made  a trip  from  Cincinnati  to  Pittsburgh,  and 
attempted  to  go  to  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Allegheny 
river,  but  after  getting  up  about  sixty  miles  found  there  was 
not  water  enough  to  allow  the  boat  to  pass  over  the  shoals; 
so  the  boat  had  to  wait  for  a rise  in  the  river,  and  the  men 
went  back  to  Pittsburgh.  Here  he  found  his  old  boat 


loaded  with  iron  and  ready  to  descend  the  river.  He  took 
a situation  on  the  boat  as  a hand ; arriving  at  Cincinnati 
the  freight  for  that  port  was  discharged  and  preparations 
made  to  descend  to  Louisville.  The  captain  desired  very 
much  to  have  him  continue  on  the  boat,  and  offered  him  a 
clerkship;  so  he  continued  on  to  the  port  aforesaid,  and, 
after  “keeping  boat”  a few  weeks,  was  discharged.  Thus 
ended  his  keel-boating;  and  now,  in  the  year  1876,  he  con- 
fidently believes  himself  to  be  the  last  survivor  of  that 
strong,  hardy,  daring  race  of  men  who  carried  on  the  com- 
merce of  the  Ohio  valley  in  keel-boats,  propelled  against 
the  current  by  long  poles,  with  heavy  iron  sockets  on  the 
lower  end,  and  a round  smoothed  knob,  turned  from  the 
root  of  the  laurel,  to  fit  the  shoulder,  on  the  top  end.  In 
the  fall  of  1818,  and  also  in  1819,  he  made  trips  to  New 
Orleans  in  what  were  then  designated  broad  horse-boats, 
afterwards  called  fialboats.  On  both  these  occasions  he  had 
to  work  his  way  home  on  foot  through  the  wilderness  and 
two  savage  nations  of  Indians.  He  made  many  other  trips 
to  that  southern  centre  in  the  same  class  of  boats,  and  was 
always  lucky  enough  to  find  a steamboat  to  return  in.  In 
1820  he  associated  himself  with  William  Butt  and  David 
Ammen  in  the  printing  of  a newspaper  at  the  little  village 
of  Levana,  two  miles  below  Ripley,  on  the  Ohio  river,  and 
in  July  of  that  year  the  Benefactor  made  its  appearance. 
This  was  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  Brown  county.  His 
connection  with  the  paper  continued  one  year;  he  then 
sold  his  interest  to  one  of  his  partners,  and  the  paper  was 
removed  to  Georgetown,  where  its  publication  was  con- 
tinued for  many  years.  Although  his  early  education  had 
been  excessively  limited  in  both  degree  and  kind,  his  read- 
ing and  .study  and  one  year’s  drilling  with  the  composing- 
stick  at  the  type-case,  together  with  keen  powers  of  obser- 
vation, counterbalanced  to  a considerable  degree  the  lack 
of  primary  training.  In  1822  he  taught  a country  school, 
with  more  satisfaction  to  his  employers  than  to  himself.  In 
the  fall  of  this  year  his  friends  elected  him  to  the  office  of 
Coroner  of  the  county.  In  1824  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office.  In  1826  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Brown 
County,  and  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  1828,  thus 
serving  his  county  as  Coroner  and  Sheriff  eight  years.  He 
was  married,  July  nth,  1826,  to  Elizabeth  Chaj-man,  a 
native  of  Brown  county,  Ohio,  a daughter  of  Henry  Chap- 
man, one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  the  country,  who  came 
from  Kentucky  in  1800.  He  was  a native  of  Pennsylvania 
and  an  active  participant  in  the  war  of  1812.  In  1831  he 
was  employed  in  a dry-goods  store  in  Georgetown.  In  the 
spring  of  1832  he  left  Georgetown  and  settled  on  his  farm, 
about  four  miles  .south  of  this  place,  and  engaged  in  general 
agriculture,  taking  a hand  himself  in  any  branch  incident 
to  the  business.  In  1S34  many  of  his  friends  urged  him  to 
be  a candidate  for  the  lower  House  of  the  Ohio  Legislature; 
he  finally  consented  to  stand  a poll,  and  was  elected.  In 
1835  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same  place.  This  year 
trouble  arose  between  the  authorities  of  the  State  of  Ohio 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOILEDIA. 


253 


and  those  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  in  regard  to  the 
northern  boundary  of  Ohio.  A long  and  threatening  cor- 
respondence was  kept  up  between  Governor  Lucas  and  the 
Department  of  State  at  Washington.  Governor  Lucas 
called  an  extra  session  of  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  which 
met  in  |une  of  that  year;  at  this  session  General  Loudon 
took  a very  active  part  in  support  of  the  claim  of  Ohio,  and 
indorsed  the  course  of  her  Governor.  He  was  greatly 
pleased  to  see  in  the  course  of  a year  Michigan  Territory 
changed  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  one  of  the  States, 
agreeing  of  course  to  the  boundary  lines  as  claimed  by 
Ohio.  This  forever  settled  that  vexed  question,  leaving 
Ohio  in  possession  of  the  mouth  of  the  Maumee  bay  and 
the  ground  on  which  the  beautiful  city  of  Toledo  stands. 
In  1836  he  was  again  elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the 
General  Assembly.  At  this  session  he  took  an  active  part, 
and  probably  did  more  than  any  one  else,  in  electing  his 
friend,  William  Allen,  to  the  United  States  Senate.  March 
2d,  1837,  having  been  previously  elected  by  the  Legislature, 
he  was  formally  commissioned  Major-General,  by  Governor 
Vance,  and  given  command  of  the  8th  Division  Ohio 
Militia.  In  1S42  he  was  elected  to  fill  a vacancy  in  the 
Ohio  Senate,  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Senator 
P'oose,  of  Clinton  county.  In  1843  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  same  position  and  served  two  terms,  during  1843-44-45 
and  ’45.  In  1849  he  was  elected  a delegate  from  Brown 
county  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  ; was  made  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  of  Finance  and  Taxation,  and  suc- 
cessfully carried  through  the  Twelfth  Article,  and  it  became 
a part  of  the  Constitution.  He  addressed  the  people  in 
every  township  in  his  district,  and  urged  them  to  vote  for 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  When  his  labors  termi- 
nated with  that  deliberative  body  he  returned  to  his  farm, 
intending  never  again  to  mingle  in  the  arena  of  politics; 
nor  would  he,  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  terrible  rebellion 
that  came  upon  the  country.  On  the  arrival  of  the  news 
that  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  and  that  the  wicked  war 
had  begun,  he  declared  his  ardent  love  for  the  “old  star- 
spangled  banner,”  and,  like  his  political  godfather,  “ Old 
Hickory,”  swore  “ By  the  Eternal,  the  Constitution  must 
be  preserved.”  From  that  time  he  was  outspoken  in  his 
denunciations  of  the  rebel  spirit.  South  or  North,  doing  all 
in  his  power  to  encourage  the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the 
country.  In  1863  the  Republicans  and  Union  men  of  his 
Senatorial  district  held  a convention  to  select  a candidate 
for  State  Senator,  and  in  his  absence  gave  him  a unanimous 
vote  for  that  position.  On  being  notified  of  the  action  of 
the  convention,  he  accepted  the  nomination  and  took  early 
steps  for  a vigorous  canvass.  Although  he  had  to  encounter 
a Democratic  majority  of  some  1500  votes,  he  was  elected. 
He  took  his  seat  in  January  after  the  election,  and  for  two 
years  gave  his  best  efforts  to  the  cause  of  the  country.  He 
was  the  sitting  member  of  his  district  in  the  Ohio  Senate 
when  the  news  was  received  that  General  Lee,  of  the  Con- 
federate army,  had  surrendered  himself  and  command  to 


General  Grant,  which  event  terminated  the  war.  Since  his 
retirement  from  the  last-mentioned  office  he  has  led  a 
tranquil  and  secluded  life  in  his  home  at  Georgetown.  He 
is  a firm  believer  in  the  Christian  religion,  but  never  at- 
tached himself  to  any  particular  denomination.  From  1S24 
to  i860  he  was  a “ hard-money  Jackson  Democrat.”  Since 
the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  he  favors  the  Republicans. 

WiVlEATMAN,  HON.  THOMAS  H.,  Banker  and 
Bresident  of  the  Cincinnati  Pioneer  Association, 
I ; L was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July  Sth,  1S05. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  Griffin  Yeatman  and 
Jane  Yeatman.  His  father,  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Virginia,  March  8th,  1770;  at  the  time  of  his 
arrival,  June  27th,  1793,  in  what  is  now  justly  entitled  the 
Queen  City  of  the  West,  it  was  scarcely  more  than  a village 
of  a few  thousand  inhabitants;  he  was  the  first  Free  Mason 
initiated  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  remained  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  organization  until  the  day  of  his  de- 
cease, March  4th,  1849;  he  held  various  offices  of  trust  in 
the  city,  and  for  twenty-seven  years  served  as  Recorder  of 
Hamilton  County.  His  son,  Thomas  H.  Yeatman,  received 
his  education  under  the  tuition  of  Rev.  Joshua  H.  Wilson, 
Caleb  Kemper  and  Edmund  Harrison,  of  the  Lancasterian 
■Seminary;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  graduated,  under  Presi- 
dent Elijah  Slack,  at  the  Cincinnati  College.  He  then  left 
his  home,  and  through  the  assistance  of  General  William 
Henry  Harrison,  afterward  President  of  the  United  States, 
received  the  appointment  of  Midshipman  in  the  United 
States  navy.  Subsequently,  at  his  expressed  desire  to  go  to 
sea  at  once,  he  received  orders  to  report  to  Captain  R.  T. 
Spence,  of  New  York,  in  command  of  the  corvette  “ Cyane,” 
a vessel  captured  with  the  “ Levant  ” from  the  British  by 
the  United  States  frigate  “Constitution,”  off  the  coast  of 
Africa,  in  1815.  The  “Cyane”  was  then  on  the  point  of 
sailing,  and,  wasting  no  time,  he  reported  himself  as 
ordered,  and  within  thirty  days  from  the  time  of  leaving 
Cincinnati — having  travelled  alone  over  the  mountains  on 
horseback — was  on  the  high  seas  journeying  toward  the 
West  Indies  and  the  African  coast,  where  the  ship  was 
eventually  detained,  in  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade, 
for  more  than  a year.  On  his  return  to  the  United  States 
he  was  again  ordered  to  the  port  of  South  Africa  and 
West  Indies,  in  1822  or  1823,011  the  frigate  “ Constella- 
tion.” He  then  accompanied  the  United  States  Minister, 
the  celebrated  Joel  R.  Poinsett,  of  South  Carolina,  to  Vera 
Cruz,  en  route  to  Mexico,  and  w’as  for  two  years  in  active 
service  under  Commodore  David  Porter,  the  hero  of  the 
“ Essex,”  at  Valparaiso,  who  had  charge  of  the  “ Moscpiito 
fleet”  in  the  West  Indies;  was  shipwrecked  on  the  United 
States  schooner  “ Terrier,”  off  Wilmington,  North  Carolina. 
On  his  return  to  the  United  States,  having  served  over  five 


254 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


years  in  the  navy  and  narrowdy  escaping  a watery  grave,  he 
again  took  up  his  residence  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio ; retired 
from  the  naval  service  and  entered  into  business  life  as  a 
broker,  on  Third  street,  in  1828  or  thereabout.  He  was 
the  initial  introducer  into  this  street  of  the  hanking  busi- 
ness, whose  vast  extent,  since  acquired,  has  made  it  the 
Wall  street  of  the  West.  He  was  at  a later  period  con- 
nected with  the  firm  of  Yeatman,  Wilson  & Shield,  and 
Voorhes  & Co.,  in  the  manufacture  of  steam  engines,  sugar- 
mills,  etc.,  branches  of  industry  which  eventually  con- 
tributed in  a highly  important  measure  to  the  commercial 
prosperity  of  Cincinnati.  Many  of  the  works  erected  by 
him,  in  conjunction  with  other  business  men,  are  still  in 
use  in  the  city  and  are  a recognized  source  of  wealth  to  it 
and  the  county.  In  iSjl  he  purchased  the  site  of  his  pres- 
ent residence,  just  below  the  city,  which  he  improved  and 
has  resided  on  for  the  past  forty-four  years.  He  was  one 
of  the  marshals  wdio  received  the  remains  of  President 
William  Henry  Harrison  in  Cincinnati,  w'hen  on  the  way 
from  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  to  North  Bend, 
Ohio.  During  his  residence  of  nearly  twm  years  in  Mem- 
phis, Tennessee,  he  served  as  United  States  Assistant 
Treasury  Agent  for  that  place,  and  afterwards  received  the 
appointment  of  Government  Purchasing  Agent  at  Vicks- 
burg. After  the  close  of  the  rebellion  he  returned  to  his 
home  in  Ohio,  and  in  1868  was  elected  President  of  the 
Cincinnati  Pioneer  Association.  In  the  fall  of  1869  he  w-as 
elected  State  Senator  from  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  Ori- 
ginally a member  of  the  old  Whig  school,  in  politics,  he 
has  of  late  years  pursued  an  independent  course,  and  on  the 
Independent  ticket  was  elected  to  the  Senate  by  a majority 
of  2500  votes.  He  was  initiated  in  the  Lafayette  Lodge 
of  Free  Masons,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1829  or  thereabout, 
and  has  taken  the  council  degrees.  He  was  married  in 
1S27  to  Elizabeth  Hartzell,  of  Cincinnati,  and  hojies  to  live 
to  celebrate  their  golden  wedding,  which  takes  place  Feb- 
ruary 8th,  1S77. 


AGENHALS,  PHILIP  M.,  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, was  born  on  the  1st  of  March,  1825,  at 
Carrollton,  Carroll  county,  in  wdiat  was  then 
Columbiana  county,  Ohio.  His  father,  the  Rev. 
John  Wagenhals,  came  to  this  country  from  Wit- 
temberg  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  and 
soon  afterwards  began  a long  and  honorable  career  as  min- 
ister of  a Lutheran  Church.  He  still  lives  among  his 
people,  much  beloved,  and  assisting  occasionally  in  pulpit 
ministrations.  On  the  mother’s  side  Dr.  Wagenhals  is 
connected  w ith  the  family  of  Governor  Snyder,  of  Penn- 
sylvania. In  his  early  life  he  received  a sound  German 
literary  education  at  the  institution  which  is  now  the 
Capitol  University  of  Columbus.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
was  intrusted  with  the  charge  of  a school  in  Hopewell 


township.  Perry  county,  Ohio,  for  the  perioa  of  a year.  At 
the  conclusion  of  this  term  of  teaching  he  began  to  turn  his 
attention  to  the  profession  which  he  has  since  successfully 
followed.  For  a time  he  studied  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  Boerstler,  at  Lancaster,  Ohio.  Then  he  went  to 
Baltimore  and  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland.  Here  he  graduated  in  March,  1847, 
and  immediately  after  his  graduation  he  returned  to  Som- 
erset, Perry  county,  Ohio,  and  there  commenced  practice. 
He  remained  there  for  a period  of  eight  years,  laboring 
faithfully  in  his  profession.  Then,  in  the  year  1854,  he 
removed  to  Lancaster,  Fairfield  county,  Ohio,  which  had 
been  for  so  many  years  the  scene  of  his  father’s  work.  For 
twenty  years  he  continued  there,  laboring  hard  and  labor- 
ing successfully,  and  securing  a very  extensive  patronage. 
In  1870  he  formed  a professional  partnership  with  Dr. 
Kinsman,  and  four  years  later  they  removed  to  Columbus. 
Here,  in  a more  extended  field  of  labor,  he  bids  fair  to 
establish  very  soon  a professional  reputation  equal  to  that 
which  he  enjoyed  at  Lancaster.  In  the  year  1862  he  w'as 
appointed  United  States  Pension  Examining  Surgeon  at 
Lancaster,  and  continued  to  hold  that  position  until  he  re- 
moved to  the  State  capital.  He  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  politics.  His  early  allegiance  was  given  to  the 
Whig  party,  and  ever  since  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of 
the  rebellion  he  has  been  a steadfast  member  of  the  Repub- 
lican party.  He  was  chosen  Elector  of  the  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict of  Ohio  in  the  year  1868,  when  General  Grant  was 
elected  to  the  Presidency.  In  1847  he  married  Susan  E. 
Shaeffer,  daughter  of  F.  A.  Shaeffer,  of  Lancaster,  Ohio. 
The  marriage  has  been  blessed  by  twelve  children,  nine  of 
whom  survive. 


^‘ONELSON,  REV.  PARK  SHATTUCK,  D.  D.. 
was  born  in  P'ranklin  county,  Massachusetts, 
April  17th,  1825,  and  is  of  Scotch  origin.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  and, 
after  taking  a theological  course  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  became  a minister  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  His  first  station  w'as  at  Lansing,  the  capital 
of  Michitran.  In  1856  he  moved  to  Delaware,  Ohio,  in 
order  to  assume  the  Presidency  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
Female  College,  where  he  officiated  with  notable  success 
for  a period  embracing  more  than  seventeen  years,  gradu- 
ating in  that  time  eighteen  classes,  numbering  in  all  over 
three  hundred  students.  During  the  major  portion  of  these 
years,  under  his  admirable  and  thorough  management,  the 
attendance  at  the  college  was  larger  than  that  of  any  similar 
institution  in  Ohio.  Through  his  labors  in  this  field  he 
won  an  enduring  reputation  as  an  excellent  instructor,  and 
to-day  is  widely  known  and  recognized  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing educators  in  the  State.  In  1873  he  resigned  the  presi- 
dency of  the  college  and  accepted  the  position  of  pastor  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


25s 


St.  Paul’s  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  Toledo,  Ohio. 
He  is  now  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Toledo  District,  which 
embraces  a large  part  of  northwestern  Ohio,  including 
twenty-five  charges  and  pastors,  seven  of  which  are  located 
in  the  city.  His  degree  of  D.  D.  he  received  from  Indiana 
Asbury  University,  and  is  noticeable  as  being  the  first  hon- 
orary degree  conferred  upon  any  alumnus  of  Michigan 
University.  He  is  favorably  known  as  a facile  writer,  an 
able  divine  and  a ready  speaker  and  preacher;  and,  while 
his  charges  and  sermons  bear  convincing  evidence  of  close 
study,  careful  arrangement  and  conscientious  research,  he 
dispenses  entirely  with  manuscripts  while  in  the  pulpit,  pre- 
ferring, as  a more  effective  means  to  gain  the  end  in  view 
and  touch  his  listeners,  to  deliver  them  in  the  guise  of  a 
discourse.  He  wa^  a member  of  the  General  Conference 
in  1868,  and  took  a prominent  part  in  its  deliberations.  He 
was  married  in  1S51  to  Katharine  Dexter,  daughter  of  the 
late  Judge  Dexter,  of  Dexter,  Michigan,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Samuel  Dexter,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts; 
she  is  sister  also  to  Hon.  Nicholas  Dexter,  of  Chicago, 
Illinois,  and  possesses  powers  of  mind  scarcely  inferior 
to  those  of  that  noted  citizen. 


f^jEAMY,  THADDEUS  A.,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor 
of  Obstetrics  and  Clinical  Midwifery  in  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  a distinguished  phys- 
ician of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Erederick 
county,  Virginia,  April  28th,  1829.  His  father, 
Jacob  A.  Reamy,  a native  of  Virginia,  was  of 
Erench  extraction;  his  mother,  Mary  W.  (Bonifield)  Reamy, 
also  a native  of  Virginia,  was  of  Scotch-English  origin. 
While  quite  young  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Ohio  and 
settled  near  Zanesville,  where  his  mother  still  resides  and 
where  his  father’s  decease  occurred,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
two  years,  in  1872.  In  the  spring  of  1854,  at  the  com- 
pletion of  the  usual  course  of  studies,  he  graduated  at 
Starling  Medical  College,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  Subse- 
quently he  received  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  the 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  1857  he  was  elected  Profes- 
sor of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  which  position  he  oc- 
cupied for  two  years.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  State  Legislature  from  Muskingum  county,  and 
during  the  same  year  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  I22d 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  the  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children 
in  Starling  Medical  College.  This  position  was  held  by 
him  until,  after  his  return  from  Europe,  in  the  spring  of 
1870,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  immediately 
elected  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Clinical  Midwife  , in 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and  Gynaecologist  for  the 
Good  Samaritan  Hospital.  These  positions  he  now  oc- 


cupies, and,  in  addition  to  the  careful  conduct  of  an  exten- 
sive and  lucrative  private  practice,  presides  also  over  the 
management  of  a private  hospital  for  the  treatment  of  dis- 
eases of  women.  He  is  a member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  ; of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  of  which 
he  was  formerly  President,  and  of  the  Cincinnati  Academy 
of  Medicine.  He  is  also  a corresponding  member  of  the 
Zanesville  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  a corresponding 
member  of  the  Northwestern  Medical  Association  ; and 
corresponding  member  of  the  Van  Wert  Medical  Society. 
He  was  married  in  1853  to  .Sarah  A.  Chappelear.  Their 
only  child  is  the  wdfe  of  Dr.  G.  S.  Mitchell,  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 


EID,  REV.  ALEXANDER  M’CANDLESS, 
Pn.  D.,  Proprietor  and  Principal  of  the  Steu- 
benville P'emale  Seminary,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  20th,  1827. 
His  father,  Henry  Reid,  also  of  Beaver  county, 
Pennsylvania,  was  well  and  favorably  known 
as  a Presbyterian  elder  of  unimpeachable  rectitude;  his 
mother,  Jane  (M’Candless)  Reid,  a woman  of  notable 
piety,  was  so  sorely  afflicted  with  rheumatism  that  for 
twenty  years  she  was  unable  to  walk  or  to  move  from  her 
chair.  He  was  educated  at  Cannonsburg,  in  the  Jefferson 
College,  and  at  the  Allegheny  Theological  Seminary. 
Upon  relinquishing  school  life  he  engaged  in  teaching  at 
Sewickley  Academy,  Pennsylvania,  associated  with  Rev. 
Joseph  S.  Travelle,  and  there  remained  for  several  years. 
In  1855  he  went  to  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  extending 
his  sphere  of  knowledge  and  finding  improvement  in 
foreign  travel.  He  was  married  in  1855  to  Sarah  Lambert, 
of  Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  October,  1856,  he 
became  associated  with  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  C.  Beatty  in  the 
management  of  the  Steubenville  Female  Seminary,  an  in- 
stitution over  which  he  has  presided  as  proprietor  and 
principal  for  several  years  past.  During  the  nineteen  years 
of  his  connection  with  the  seminary  the  average  number  of 
pupils  has  been  about  one  hundred  and  fifty;  the  numbei 
of  boarding  pupils  about  ninety;  the  whole  number  of 
pupils  that  have  attended  here  is  over  four  thousand.  He 
received  his  degree  of  Doctor  rf  Philosophy  (Ph.  D.)  from 
Washington  and  Jefferson  College.  In  1875  he  went  as  a 
delegate  to  the  Pan-Presbyterian  Assembly  at  London, 
representing  the  Northern  Presbyterian  Church.  After  the 
close  of  his  labors  with  that  body  he  made  an  extensive 
tour  of  the  continent,  visiting  P' ranee,  Switzerland,  Germany, 
and  Holland,  after  having  journeyed  through  England  and 
Wales.  While  abroad,  in  1855,  he  was  the  European  cor- 
respondent for  two  newspapers,  and  for  many  years  has 
written  more  or  less  regularly  for  the  general  press.  Of  his 
many  brilliant  sermons  several  have  been  published,  and  in 
a printed  form  elicited  warm  encomiums  from  many  cpiar- 


256 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


ti  rs.  The  following  condensation  of  facts  is  gathered  from 
various  reliable  sources  : “ Nineteen  years  ago  Rev.  A.  M. 

Reid,  Ph.  D.,  and  wife,  who  had  been  teaching  for  a 
number  of  years  in  Sewickley,  Pennsylvania,  became  con- 
nected with  the  institution  (Steubenville  P'emale  Seminary), 
and  for  a number  of  years  its  active  management  has  been 
in  their  hands.  To  take  the  place  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Beatty 
was  not  easy ; but  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Reid  have  demonstrated 
their  entire  fitness  for  this  high  and  responsible  situation  by 
the  most  marked  success  in  government,  discipline  and  in- 
struction, and  in  making  the  seminary  a real  home  for  its 
pupils.”  In  the  curriculum  of  study,  in  the  method  of 
teaching  and  in  all  acknowledged  improvements  they  have 
m.aintained  their  position  with  unvarying  energy,  and  kept 
the  seminary  in  its  original  and  leading  position;  while  the 
religious  influence,  which  has  been  one  of  its  notable  fea- 
tures, has  been  maintained  without  the  slightest  abatement. 
“ Providence  brought  together  two  stranger  tourists,  in 
Switzerland,  on  Mont  Blanc.  Dr.  Comingo,  on  his  return, 
spoke  to  Dr.  Beatty  of  the  pleasant  meeting  he  had  with 
Mr.  Reid,  and  this  led  to  the  relation.  Mr.  Reid,  with  his 
fine  literary  taste,  ripe  scholarship,  love  of  and  rare  aptness 
for  teaching  and  earnest  devotion  to  his  work,  has  kept  the 
standard  of  scholarship  up  to  the  demands  of  the  age. 
Gifted  with  the  faculty  of  examining  a case  from  different 
standpoints;  uniting  gentleness  with  firmness,  the  family 
type  originally  impressed  upon  the  school  has  been  pre- 
served.” Ills  estimable  wife  has  in  countless  ways  and 
guises  assisted  importantly  in  the  arduous  yet  pleasant  work 
of  preserving  and  developing  the  home  and  family  feeling; 
by  her  plans  for  social  and  aesthetical  culture,  in  the  way 
of  frequent  opportunities  for  social  intercourse,  the  monthly 
birthday  fetes,  the  observance  of  family  and  school  oc- 
casions, special  anniversaries,  post-prandial  speeches,  the 
cultivation  of  plants  and  flowers,  and  the  love  of  nature, 
fostered  by  frequent  rambles  in  the  lovely  glens  around 
Steubenville  and  on  the  health-giving  hills  of  Virginia, 
across  the  river.  Together  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Reid,  as  the 
guides  of  the  seminary,  have,  it  is  everywhere  cheerfully 
acknowledged,  ever  kept  in  mind  the  high  aim  of  the  in- 
stitution : to  give  solid  culture,  refined  manners  and  true 
Christian  character  to  those  under  its  roof.  This  .seminary, 
now  moulding  the  third  generation,  is  remarkable  on  ac- 
count of  the  widespread  and  plainly  discernible  influence 
which  it  has  so  beneficially  exercised  throughout  a long 
array  of  years — an  influence  which  has  controlled  with  ad- 
mirable results  not  only  individuals,  but  also  institutions, 
homes  and  churches,  in  New  England,  in  the  Middle, 
Southern  and  Western  .States,  in  the  Territories,  in  foreign 
lands  and  in  the  isles  of  the  sea.  In  its  earlier  days,  when 
the  river,  the  canal-boat  and  the  lumbering  stage-coach 
were  the  only  means  of  transit,  “ its  daughters  came  from 
afar;”  while  to-day,  even  when  facilities  for  education 
have  advanced  so  wondrously,  the  Atlantic,  the  Pacific,  the 
Gulf  and  the  lakes  meet  here  in  their  representatives.  “ It 


is  remarkable  for  the  exemption  from  disease,  death  and 
calamity  it  has  enjoyed.  Long  years  have  passed  without 
a serious  case  of  sickness.  Death  has  made  few  visits. 
Pestilence  and  fire  have  spared  it.”  The  seminary  is  note- 
worthy also  for  its  average  of  scholarship  and  character. 
Its  graduates  are  known  as  sensible,  intelligent  women, 
showing  breatllh  of  mind  and  symmetry  of  character; 
abreast  of  the  limes;  ready  for  emergencies;  occupying 
positions  of  responsibility  and  usefulness  all  over  the 
country,  as  wives,  as  mothers,  as  teachers.  Its  religious  in- 
fluence has  been  wielded  in  a manner,  and  with  results 
direct  and  indirect,  far  from  usual  or  common  : revival 
after  revival  has  swept  it  with  beneficent  effect ; ingathering 
after  ingathering  has  recalled  the  careless  and  the  unthink- 
ing; twenty  per  cent,  of  the  pupils  have  yearly  been  brought 
within  the  sheltering  portal  of  the  church,  while,  in  all 
these  awakenings,  the  means  used  and  blessed  have  ever 
been  scrupulously  freed  from  all  devices  of  an  emotional 
or  ecstatic  character.  The  education  of  the  spiritual 
nature  of  the  pupil  is  here  inevitable,  from  the  constitu- 
tion and  spirit  of  the  school.  The  prominence  given  to 
Bible  instruction,  the  family  prayers,  the  half  hours  for 
devotion,  the  weekly  prayer  meeting,  the  prayer  meeting 
at  the  dawn  of  the  new  year,  the  motto  for  the  year, 
the  serious  word,  the  gentle  reminder,  the  frequent  visits 
of  the  pastor,  the  Sabbath  services — all  have  been  found 
to  be  means  of  grace  greatly  blessed.  Its  excellent  prin- 
cipal, an  ardent  lover  of  pure,  strong  literature,  poetiy, 
history  and  essays,  finds,  perhaps,  his  greatest  pleasure  in 
teaching  Latin,  Greek,  astronomy  and  literature,  branches 
to  which  he  devotes  his  special  attention  in  his  class-room 
work.  But,  perhaps,  his  personal  influence  is  most  felt 
and  his  best  work  accomplished  by  his  lectures  to  the 
whole  school  on  a great  range  of  subjects  of  importance 
to  all  well-informed  people.  These  are  such  subjects 
as  the  “ Current  news  of  the  world,  culture,  manners, 
men  and  women  of  note,  art,  science,”  etc.  These  exert 
a powerful  influence  in  making  the  girls  thoughtful 
and  well-informed,  and  so  fitting  them  to  be  forces  in 
society.  And  besides  these  his  earnest  addresses  on 
subjects  connected  with  spiritual  culture — the  need  of  an 
exalted  Christian  character — have  a moulding  power  the 
measure  of  which  eternity  alone  can  reveal. 


^TANTON,  IION.  EDWIN  M.,  LL.  D.,  Lawyer, 
Attorney-General  and  Secretary  of  War,  was  born 
at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  in  1S14.  lie  was  of  Quaker 
descent,  his  grandparents  having  been  prominent 
and  widely  respected  residents  of  New  England, 
and  noted  for  their  anti-slavery  opinions.  Ilis 
early  education  was  acquired  chiefly  at  Kenyon  College, 
which  he  left  in  1832,  when  advanced  in  his  junior  year. 


• V ’ . 


Il*- 


}■ 


tji' 


I , 

I 

i 


0 


/ 


11 


i 


L .' 


* 


> 


■ I 


Sii^%  t 

KKh 


'!« 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


257 


lie  then  pureued  a course  of  legal  studies,  and,  upon  its 
completion,  became  a member  of  the  Ohio  bar,  and  later  a 
resident  of  Pennsylvania.  Prior  to  the  administration  of 
Buchanan  he  secured,  by  the  able  exercise  of  talents  natural 
and  acquired,  a wide  and  honorable  reputation  as  a scholarly, 
enterprising  and  energetic  citizen  and  practitioner;  in  i860, 
under  the  above-mentioned  administration,  he  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  Rebellion  he  advised  the  Government  to  institute  with- 
out delay  prompt  and  decided  measures;  wdien  consulted 
by  Buchanan  before  the  meeting  of  Congress,  he  advised 
him  to  incorporate  into  his  message  the  doctrine  that  the 
Federal  Government  had  the  power,  and  that  it  was  its 
duty  to  coerce  seceding  States.  It  was  well  for  the  country 
that,  at  this  momentous  period,  he  held  the  Attorney-Gene- 
ralship, for  a true  and  fearless  patriot  was  greatly  needed 
in  the  Government  at  that  time.  After  taking  the  oath  of 
office,  he  said  to  a friend  : “ I have  t.aken  the  oath  to  sup- 
port the  Constitution  of  my  country  ; that  oath  I intend  to 
keep  both  in  letter  and  in  spirit.”  Ably  did  he  keep  his 
pledge  amid  the  en ruing  treasons  and  perils  that  environed 
the  Union;  unveiling  treacherous  officials,  he  blasted  them 
with  his  stern  rebukes ; in  the  Cabinet  he  constantly  and 
earn.estly  advocated  swift  and  decisive  action,  denouncing 
the  unwise  temporising  spirit  manifested  by  several  high 
officers  fearing  to  commit  themselves  too  openly;  was  often 
closeted  in  council  with  General  Seott;  advised  ably  the 
members  of  the  Peace  Congress;  and  leaguing  himself 
with  the  Republicans  in  Congress,  kept  them  well  informed 
concerning  the  councils  of  the  administration.  The  mem- 
orable resolution  introduced  into  the  House  by  Mr.  Dawes, 
regarding  Toucey,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  was  inspired  by 
E.  M.  Stanton,  who  believed  that  he  was  guilty  of  treason 
in  endeavoring  to  subvert  the  Government.  During  this 
time  he  was  constantly  surrounded  by  agents  anxious  to 
frustrate  his  loyal  purposes,  and,  on  one  occasion,  while 
conversing  with  Sumner,  led  him  away  from  the  office,  not 
daring  to  speak  candidly  while  watched  by  the  vigilant 
emissaries  of  secession.  When  Floyd,  enraged  by  the  loyal 
conduct  of  Colonel  Anderson  at  I-’orts  Moultrie  and  Sum- 
ter, entered  the  Cabinet,  and  charged  his  associates  with 
violating  their  pledges  to  the  Southern  people,  it  was  E.  M. 
Stanton  that  rose  and  with  fierce  loyalty  abashe<l  him.  In 
1862,  under  the  administration  of  Lincoln,  he  was,  notwith- 
standing the  opposition  of  Montgomery  Blair,  appointed 
Secretary  of  Mar.  Immediately  he  occupied  himself  in  a 
thorough  examination  of  the  Government  forces  ; met  the 
Military  Committee  of  the  Senate  in  their  room  at  the 
Capitol,  and  laid  before  them  the  result  of  his  prompt  and 
exhaustive  labor  and  researches.  More  than  one  hundred 
and  fifty  regiments,  many  only  partially  complete,  were  dis- 
persed throughout  the  country  ; these  bodies  he  proposed 
to  bring  together  and  consolidate;  and,  after  exjilaining  to 
the  committee  his  reasons  for  acting  in  this  manner,  was  j 
strengthened  by  their  commendation  and  support.  The  pre-  I 
33 


parations  for  the  active  campaign  of  1862  he  pressed  vigo- 
rously, and,  very  often  through  the  entire  night,  was 
occupied  in  attending  to  the  military  and  civil  exigencies 
of  the  State ; sending  important  telegraph  communication 
to  all  parts  of  the  Union,  and  proffering  needed  and  shrewd 
counsel  to  the  various  officials  with  whom  he  was  brought 
into  contact.  Throughout  the  entire  war  he  devoted  him- 
self to  the  cause  of  the  Union  with  an  earnestness  and  un- 
selfishness only  equalled  by  his  masterly  ability,  untiring 
energy,  never-failing  resource,  undaunted  courage  and  grand 
confidence  in  the  triumph  of  right.  When  Lincoln  ex- 
pressed to  several  members  of  the  Cabinet  his  intention, 
should  Grant  secure  a victory  at  Richmond,  to  permit  that 
officer  to  negotiate  terms  of  peace  with  the  Confederate 
Generals,  he  steadfastly  opposed  such  a measure,  declaring 
bluntly  that  no  one  had  the  right  to  attend  to  such  matters 
but  the  President;  from  this  resulted  the  order  to  Grant  in- 
structing him  to  hold  no  conferences  with  Lee  except  on 
questions  of  a purely  military  nature.  Subsequent  to  the 
surrender  of  Richmond,  Lincoln  was  about  to  permit  the 
assembling  of  the  rebel  Legislature  of  Virginia  by  General 
Weitzel ; Stanton,  however,  apprehending  peril,  opposed  it 
earnestly,  and  the  permission  was  recalled.  When  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana  was  dissolved,  in  1S63,  and  no  ap- 
propriations were  made  to  assist  the  State  Government  or 
the  Union  forces.  Governor  Morton  looked  anxiously  to  the 
Secretary  of  War  for  sorely  needed  succor.  Upon  his  own 
responsibility,  the  latter  drew  his  warrant  upon  the  Treasury 
for  ^250,000,  to  be  paid  from  an  unexpended  appropriation 
made  formerly  for  raising  troops  in  States  in  insurrection. 
“ If  the  cause  fails,”  said  Morton,  “ you  and  I will  be 
covered  with  prosecutions,  and  probably  imprisoned,  or 
driven  from  the  country.”  “ If,”  replied  Stanton,  “the 
cause  fails,  I do  not  wish  to  live.”  Finally,  the  quarter 
million  of  dollars  was  accounted  for  by  Indiana  in  its  ulti- 
mate settlement  with  the  general  Government.  When  the 
news  of  Lee’s  surrender  was  received  at  M'ashington  he 
tendered  his  resignation  to  Lincoln,  saying  that  now  that 
the  great  work  was  ended  he  would  abandon  his  laborious 
position.  The  President,  however,  induced  him  to  recall 
his  determination,  and  he  consented  to  remain  in  the  M’ar 
Office  until  the  disbandment  of  the  army.  He  was  a cordial 
supporter  of  the  Christian  and  Sanitary  Commissions,  and 
assisted  materially  the  management  of  the  Freedmen’s 
Bureau  in  its  commendable  endeavors  to  ameliorate  the 
condition  of  the  newly-emancipated  race.  December  20th, 
1869,  after  his  retirement  from  office,  he  was  nominated  by 
President  Grant,  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  .Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  but  he 
was  not  to  enjoy  long  the  honor  attached  to  that  office, 
dying  suddenly,  December  24th,  1869.  Prior  to  this  event, 
a testimonial  fund  of  $100,000,  to  repair  the  losses  occasioned 
by  his  devotion  to  the  interests  of  his  country,  was  refused 
by  him  in  the  firmest  manner,  and  with  peremptory  curt- 
ness. .Subsequently,  the  same  amount  was  contributed  for 


258 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 


tlie  support  of  his  family.  His  name  appears  to  several  pub- 
lications. He  prepared  the  Reports  of  Cases  Argued  and 
Determined  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  in 
Banc,  December  Term,  1841,  December  Term,  1844, 
Columbus,  1S43-45,  3 vols.  {vols.  xi,  xii,  xiii,  Ohio  Re- 
ports) ; also  Reports  as  Secretary  of  War,  1862-68. 


ARMON,  JOHN  B,,  M.  D.,  was  born,  October 
19th,  1780,  at  Rupert,  Bennington  county,  Ver- 
mont, and  was  a son  of  the  Hon.  Reuben  Harmon, 
who  had  been  a member  of  the  Vermont  Legisla- 
ture, and  one  of  a few  responsible  men  of  the  State 
to  whom  was  granted  the  privilege  of  issuing  copper 
coins  for  currency  on  their  individual  security  during  the 
early  days  of  independence,  and  before  the  general  gov'ern- 
ment  assumed  the  regulation  of  such  matters.  In  1797  he 
went  to  Ohio  and  purchased  five  hundred  acres  of  land  in 
what  was  known  as  the  “ Salt  Spring  Tract,”  Wethersfield 
township,  Trumbull  county,  on  which  he  erected  a cabin. 
In  P'ebruary,  iSoo,  he  returned  to  Vermont,  and  in  early 
summer  started  with  his  family  to  the  new  location,  al- 
though he  was  compelled  to  stop  on  the  way  for  two 
months,  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  account 
of  Indian  disturbances.  His  son  John,  then  in  his  twen- 
tieth year,  had  received  the  benefit  of  the  early  New  Ivng- 
land  schools,  and  had  studied  medicine  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Dr.  Blackmer,  of  Rupert,  Vermont,  with  a view  of 
practising  as  soon  as  his  father  found  it  expedient  to  take  his 
family  to  the  West.  He  assisted  his  father  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  salt,  and  in  clearing  the  homestead  ; and,  after  prac- 
tising a short  time  in  Warren,  returned  to  Vermont,  in  1805 
or  1806,  to  prepare  himseif  for  a broader  field  of  usefulness 
by  completing  his  studies  with  Dr.  Blackmer,  who  was  emi- 
nent in  his  profession.  His  father  died  in  1806,  and  he 
soon  returned  to  Warren,  where  he  entered  with  energy 
upon  a professional  career,  which  extended  over  half  a cen- 
tury, and  which  wjs  marked  by  more  than  usual  success  in 
j)ractice  as  well  as  by  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his  pro- 
fessional brethren.  His  physical  and  mental  temperaments 
bore  a striking  resemblance  to  the  best  Scotch  types.  He 
was  tall,  spare,  nervous,  and  enduring,  with  great  strength 
of  muscle  and  suppleness  of  limb.  His  mind  was  singularly 
acute,  cool  and  reasonable ; his  personal  presence  command- 
ing and  dignified.  An  eminent  public  man  said  of  him  : 
“ He  always  impressed  me  as  being  the  equal  of  any  man  I 
ever  met.”  He  was  decided  in  his  convictions,  and  although 
not  strongly  controversial  in  his  manner,  he  was  fluent  and 
convincing  in  speech.  Though  close  in  his  business  rela- 
tions, he  was,  nevertheless,  a man  of  practical  charity,  and 
so  scrupulous  to  his  convictions  of  professional  duty,  that  he 
always  responded  to  the  call  of  the  poor,  where  pay  was  not 
to  be  expected  promptly,  as  to  the  rich.  He  had  a pecu- 
liarly skilful  hand  in  the  use  of  the  surgeon’s  knife,  and  at 


an  early  day  successfully  performed  the  high  and  very  criti- 
cal operation  of  removing  a cancerous  tumor  from  the  liver 
of  a female  patient.  He  was  Surgeon  of  the  2d  Ohio 
Regiment  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  present  at  the  battle 
of  b'ort  Mackinac.  In  the  early  pioneer  days,  his  ride  ex- 
tended over  a vast  and  sparsely  settled  tract  of  territory, 
where  the  roads  were  without  bridges  and  for  the  most  part 
consisted  of  nothing  but  blazed  bridle  paths  through  the 
primeval  forest.  He  was  a fine  marksman  and  a great  lover 
of  horses.  In  those  days  it  was  the  custom  for  hunters  to 
suspend  the  carcasses  of  their  heavy  game  from  a sapling, 
and  go  forth  and  bring  home  the  meat  whenever  it  suited 
their  convenience.  The  doctor  was  perfectly  familiar  with 
all  the  deer-licks,  and  in  after  years  pointed  out  to  his  son 
a spot  where,  during  one  winter,  he  had  had  twenty  deer 
strung  up  in  the  woods  at  one  and  the  same  time.  In  one 
of  his  hunts  he  climbed  a tall  tree,  put  a cub  on  his  back  and 
descended.  He  had  left  his  gun  at  the  foot,  guarded  by 
his  dog,  which  kept  the  she-bear — roused  by  the  cry  of  the 
cub — from  ascending  by  snapping  at  her  back.  Reaching 
the  ground  he  cocked  his  gun  and  backed  off,  the  bear 
circling  round  him.  Persistently  teased  by  the  sagacious 
dog,  the  bear  at  last  bounded  into  the  thicket  and  left  her 
cub  to  become  the  pet  of  the  intrepid  sportsman.  His  faith- 
ful servant  and  companion  in  those  early  days  was  a famous 
horse  called  “ Buck,”  whose  name  deserves  to  be  rescued 
from  oblivion  and  embalmed  with  the  history  of  his  master. 
He  was  descended  from  a line  of  racers,  while  his  spirit  and 
intelligence  almost  reached  the  point  of  human  reason.  He 
knew  all  the  roads  and  bridle-paths,  and  often  traversed 
them  while  his  master  slept  in  the  saddle,  wearied  out  with 
riding  and  watching.  They  often  passed  the  night  together 
in  the  woods,  and  on  one  occasion — a winter’s  night — the 
doctor  was  called  in  a case  of  great  urgency  at  a distance 
of  twenty  miles  from  home,  and  the  falling  snow  caused 
them  to  lose  the  path  in  the  woods.  The  master  took  refuge 
for  the  night  in  the  hollow  of  a fallen  tree,  and  “ Buck,” 
who  was  hitched  close  by,  being  attacked  by  wolves,  de- 
fended himself  with  his  heels  until  the  cowardly  pack  gave 
up  the  battle  and  scampered  off.  He  was  a good  swimmer, 
as  it  became  a horse  to  be  in  those  days  of  no  bridges,  but 
on  reaching  the  Mahoning  one  very  cold  night,  after  having 
been  on  a long  journey,  and  the  doctor  was  drowsing  in  the 
saddle,  the  animal,  rather  than  enter  the  freezing  stream, 
mounted  a hewn  log,  fourteen  inches  wide,  which  had  been 
placed  across  the  stream  for  a foot-bridge,  and  went  over  in 
perfect  safety,  although  he  woke  his  master,  and  gave  him  a 
start,  as  he  stepped  down  on  the  other  side.  It  may  be  in- 
teresting to  note  the  fact  that  the  doctor  was  for  many  years 
the  champion  checker-player  of  the  United  States,  and  was 
frequently  visited,  when  the  game  was  more  in  vogue  than 
at  present,  by  gentlemen  from  all  the  cities  of  the  Union. 
He  acquired  a considerable  property,  and  enjoyed  a happy 
old  age.  Although  his  religious  views  were  not  orthodox, 
his  home  was  the  frequent  resort  of  clergymen  of  all  denom- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


259 


inations,  who  always  found  his  latch-string  out,  and  a lios- 
pitable  welcome  to  his  table.  He  was  married,  February 
6th,  1822,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Judge  Daniel  Dana,  of 
Enfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  the  father  of  six  children, 
five  sons  and  one  daughter,  the  youngest  son  dying  in  in- 
fancy, and  the  third  son.  Captain  Charles  R.  Harmon,  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Slone  River,  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion.  Dr.  Harmon  died  February  7th,  1858.  His 
wife  was  a member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  a 
woman  of  intelligence  and  remarkable  resolution  of  charac- 
ter. She  died  November  6th,  1868,  and,  like  her  husband, 
is  still  affectionately  remembered  by  a wide  circle  of  friends 
and  acquaintances. 


AHLE,  GU.STAV  ROBERT,  Postmaster  of  Cin- 
cinnati, was  born  at  Rittergut,  Niederburkan, 
Kingdom  of  Saxony,  November  12th,  1836.  His 
father,  Gustav  Adolph  Wahle,  was  a wealthy 
landholder  of  Saxony.  He  was  educated  in  his 
native  country,  and  graduated  at  the  Real  .Schule 
(High  School)  of  Dresden  in  1851.  He  was  then  appren- 
ticed to  learn  the  farming  business  at  the  Rittergut  Gruene- 
berg,  where  he  remained  until  1853,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Rittergut  Lindig.  His  father’s  demise  having  oc- 
curred at  Dresden  in  June,  1849,  ''i  1854  he  came  with  his 
mother  and  four  sisters  to  the  United  States.  They  landed 
safely  in  New  York  city,  and  thence  proceeded  to  the  West, 
settling  finally  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Shortly  after  his  arrival 
there  he  entered  the  office  of  Das  Cincinnati  Volksblatt, 
then  under  the  editorial  management  of  the  hate  Stephen 
Molitor,  a man  of  notable  ability.  At  the  expiration  of  a 
few  months  he  became  clerk  for  Ferdinand  Bodmann,  a 
prominent  tobacco  dealer  of  the  city,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  1856.  He  then  filled  a clerkship,  and  after- 
wards was  employed  as  Local  Reporter  in  Der  Cincinnati 
Republicatier  Hiller  & Becht.  In  1858  he  en- 

tered the  office  of  Joseph  A.  Hermann,  proprietor  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati Volksfreund,  and  there  remained  until  i860,  when  he 
returned  to  the  Cincinnati  Volkshlatt.  In  February,  1864, 
he  was  appointed  Clerk  in  the  Hamilton  County  Probate 
Court  under  Hon.  Edward  Woodruff,  and  in  July  of  the 
same  year  was  appointed  Collector  of  Water  Rents  for  the 
city.  That  position  was  retained  by  him  until  he  was  de- 
posed by  the  accession  to  power  of  the  Democratic  party, 
July  1st,  1873.  He  was  then  nominated  as  the  Republican 
candidate  for  Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county,  September  3d. 
In  the  ensuing  struggle  in  which  the  adverse  parties  engaged, 
however,  he,  with  the  rest  of  his  ticket,  encountered  defeat. 
After  leaving  the  Collector’s  office,  he  was  connected  with 
the  Fidelity  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Cincinnati.  Janu- 
ary 9th,  1874,  after  a bitter  and  protracted  contest,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Grant  to  his  present  irosilion.  On 
the  following  February  ist  he  entered  upon  the  discharge 
of  his  duties.  While  acting  as  Postmaster  he  has  shown  a 


rare  fidelity  to  his  responsible  and  important  trust,  and  by 
his  energetic  and  able  administration  of  affairs  has  elicited 
encomiums  from  those  even  who  were  opposed  to  his  ap- 
pointment. In  the  conduct  of  the  onerous  and  perplexing 
duties  devolving  upon  him,  his  executive  talents  mark  him 
as  a thoroughly  capable  instrument,  while  the  lustre  of  his 
past  record  cannot  but  be  heightened  by  his  unvarying  atti- 
tude as  a reliable  and  an  upright  officer. 


cDOWELL,  GENERAL  JOSEPH  J.,  Lawyer,  ex- 
Member  of  Congress,  Agriculturist,  was  born  in 
Burke  county.  North  Carolina,  November  13th, 
1800.  He  was  the  youngest  child  in  a family 
of  eight  children,  whose  parents  were  Joseph 
McDowell  and  Margaret  (Moffett)  McDowell. 
His  father,  a native  of  Virginia,  moved  with  his  father’s 
family  at  an  early  day  to  North  Carolina,  and  followed 
through  life  mainly  agricultural  pursuits ; he  was  an  active 
participant  as  Major  in  the  patriot  army  in  the  stirring  events 
of  the  revolutionary  days,  served  as  a member  of  Congress 
during  the  administration  of  Adams  and  part  Jefferson,  and 
was  General  of  the  olden  time  militia  of  the  State  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  a member  of  the  Stale  Convention  that 
adopted  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
in  Burke  county.  North  Carolina,  in  1801  or'thereabout. 
His  mother,  a native  of  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  was  a 
daughter  of  Colonel  George  Moffett,  an  officer  also  of  the 
revolutionary  army.  She  died  in  Woodford  county,  near 
Versailles,  Kentucky,  in  1815.  His  days  of  boyhood  were 
spent  alternately  in  attendance  at  private  schools  during  the 
winter  months,  and  in  laboring  on  a farm  in  the  summer 
seasons.  In  1S05  he  moved  to  Kentucky  with  his  mother 
and  her  family,  and  there  remained  until  1S17,  the  date  of 
his  return  to  Augusta  county,  Virginia.  He  subsequently 
turned  his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits,  in  which  he 
was  continuously  occupied  until  1824,  when  he  moved  to 
Ohio  and  settled  in  Highland  county  «n  a rented  farm, 
situated  about  seven  miles  north  of  Hillsborough.  At  the 
expiration  of  one  year  he  relinquished  this  farm,  and  took 
temporary  posse.ssion  of  another  rented  one,  situated  about 
four  miles  east  of  Hillsborough,  whence,  after  the  passage 
of  another  year,  he  again  removed  to  a neighboring  jrur- 
chased  farm,  where  he  resided  until  1829.  In  this  year  he 


disposed  of  his  farm  property  by  sale,  and  settled  in  Hills- 
borough, there  engaging  in  business  as  a dry-goods  mer- 
chant until  1835.  When  a young  man  he  had  for  a lime 
applied  his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  while  residing  in 
Virginia,  and  during  the  leisure  hours  of  later  years  con- 
tinued to  devote  a portion  of  his  attention  to  legal  matters 
and  text  books;  accordingly,  in  1835,  after  passing  the  re- 
quired examination,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1836 
he  connected  himself  in  partnership  with  Colonel  Collins 
for  the  practice  of  law,  and  afterward,  until  1843,  was  as- 


26o 


EIOGRAPIIICA-L  ENCYCLOI’.^iDIA. 


siduously  engaged  in  professional  labors.  In  1832  he  had 
been  elected  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Ohio,  and  in  1833  of  the  Ohio  Senate,  serving  in  all  in  the 
Assembly  three  years.  In  1843  he  was  elected  to  Congress 
and  was  re-elected  at  the  expiration  of  his  initial  term,  serv- 
ing in  all  four  years  as  a member  of  that  honorable  body. 
While  a member  of  Congress  he  advocated  strongly  the  an- 
nexation of  Texas,  favored  a better  settlement  with  Great 
Britain  of  the  Oregon  Boundary  Question,  and  sustained  the 
bold  prosecution  of  the  war  with  Mexico.  In  1847  I's  re- 
tinned  to  his  home,  and  was  there  occupied  constantly  in 
superintending  the  conduct  of  his  farm,  and  in  attending  to 
the  calls  of  professional  life  until  1S60.  Since  then  he  has 
restricted  his  legal  practice  to  a very  limited  sphere,  and 
given  his  attention  mainly  to  agricultural  pursuits.  Ilis 
rank  of  Major-General  of  the  Ohio  militia  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  1834,  while  he  was  serving  as  a member  of  the 
State  Legislature.  His  political  creed  is  composed  of  the 
cardinal  principles  which  guide  the  policy  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and  his  first  vote  cast  at  a Presidential  election  was  in 
favor  of  Andrew  Jackson.  His  views  on  theological  points 
and  religion  are  very  liberal,  and  are  not  circumscribed  by 
the  doctrines  of  any  particular  church.  Energetic,  patriotic 
and  public-spirited  in  the  best  sense  of  the  term,  he  has  been 
for  many  years  past  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  his  section, 
and  is  to-day  one  of  the  influential  and  honored  citizens  in 
Highland  county,  and  the  environing  country.  He  was 
married,  April  23d,  1S22,  to  Sarah  A.  McCue,  daughter  of 
Rev.  John  McCue,  an  estimable  Presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Augusta  county,  Virginia. 


eSU 

ALCUTT,  GENERAL  CHARLES  C.,  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Seventh  District  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  February 
4s / 7-1  i2th,  1S38.  He  is  the  son  of  John  M.  Walcutt 
c oj  and  Muriel  (Broderick)  Walcutt,  who  were  among 
the  pionser  settlers  of  Columbus,  where  the  former 
carried  on  the  business  of  chair-making.  His  early  educa- 
tion was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city 
and  at  the  Kentucky  Mditary  Institute,  from  which  institu- 
tion he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1858.  Returning  to  Co- 
lumbus, he  was  elected  Surveyor  for  Franklin  county  in 
1859,  and  held  that  position  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
rebellion,  when  he  relinquished  it  in  order  to  offer  his  ser- 
vices to  the  government.  Hastily  raising  a military  com- 
pany in  the  State  capital,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  April  i6th,  1861,  with  the  commission  of  Captain. 
In  June  of  the  same  year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Major,  and  served  on  the  staff  of  General  Hill  until  August, 
when  he  was  appointed  Major  of  the  46th  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Volunteers.  In  January,  1862,  he  was  appointed  to  a Lieu- 
tenant-Colonelcy, and,  with  his  regiment,  joined  the  army  of 
Sherman  at  Paducah,  Kentucky,  where  the  Tennessee 


river  expedition  was  then  in  course  of  organization.  At  the 
memorable  battle  of  Shiloh,  he  received  a severe  wound  in 
the  shoulder  from  a musket  ball  which  has  never  been  ex- 
tracted. October  i6th,  1862,  he  was  made  Colonel  of  his 
regiment,  and  participated  in  the  Vicksburg  and  Jackson, 
Mississippi,  campaigns.  At  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge 
he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  2d  Brigade  of  the 
1st  Division,  I5lh  Corps,  and  behaved  with  such  intrepid 
gallantry  in  holding  the  key-point  of  the  field  against  re- 
peated charges  by  superior  numbers,  that  he  was  recom- 
mended for  promotion  in  General  Sherman’s 'report.  P'rom 
Chattanooga  he  moved  to  the  defence  of  Knoxville,  still  in 
command  of  the  brigade,  and  led  the  assaulting  party  of  the 
army  of  the  Tennessee  at  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain. 
.'Vfter  the  battle  of  July  22d,  in  which  the  brave  McPherson 
fell,  he  was  raised  to  the  full  rank  of  Brigadier-General. 
He  participated  in  all  the  engagements  of  the  Atlanta  cam- 
paign, and  after  the  destruction  of  the  city,  fought  the  only 
battle — that  of  Griswoldsville — which  occurred  during  the 
famous  march  to  the  sea.  In  this  engagement,  isolated  from 
the  main  body  of  the  army,  and  with  his  command  reduced 
to  thirteen  hundred  men,  he  sustained  an  attack  by  a body 
of  Confederate  troops  over  seven  thousand  strong  under 
General  Coombs.  He  not  only  bore  up  against  that  over- 
whelming force  but  finally  routed  it  with  such  complete  suc- 
cess that  the  number  of  the  enemy  left  dead  and  wounded 
on  the  field  exceeded  that  of  the  whole  force  wdth  which  he 
had  entered  the  engagement.  P'or  the  notable  gallantry  dis- 
played on  this  field  he  was  brevetted  Major-General,  and 
again  distinguished  by  a very  laudatory  notice  in  the  report 
of  General  Sherman.  He  had  then  received,  however,  a 
severe  shell-wound  in  the  leg,  which  disabled  him  for  several 
months,  and  he  was  unable  to  resume  his  command  until 
the  army  entered  North  Carolina,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  1st  Division  of  the  14th  Army  Corps, 
and  a few  months  later  passed  with  the  victorious  troops  in 
grand  review  before  the  President  at  Washington.  He  then 
took  his  command  to  Louisville,  where  it  was  mustered  out 
in  August,  1865.  Pie  personally,  however,  served  in  the 
Western  Department  until  January,  1866,  at  which  date  he 
was  mustered  out,  and  accepted  the  Wardenship  of  the  Ohio 
Penitentiary.  While  in  this  position  he  accepted  also  the 
appointment  of  a Lieutenant-Colonelcy  in  the  United  States 
regular  cavalry  service,  and  reported  to  General  Hancock, 
at  St.  Louis.  But  three  months  later,  finding  that  no  im- 
perative dntv  called  him  to  the  life  of  a soldier  in  .time  of 
peace,  he  handed  in  his  resignation,  and  returned  to  the 
pursuits  of  civil  life,  resuming  his  position  as  Warden  in 
the  penitentiary.  That  office  was  held  by  him  for  three 
years,  and  he  was  the  first  man  under  whose  management 
the  institution  returned  a revenue  to  the  State  treasury.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for 
the  Seventh  District  of  Ohio,  and  still  holds  that  position. 
He  has  always  taken  a zealous  interest  in  public  affairs,  and 
in  the  cause  of  education  in  Columbus.  At  the  present 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


261 


time  he  officiates  as  President  of  the  City  School  Board. 
In  1868  he  was  Presidential  Elector  for  his  district,  and 
voted  for  General  Grant.  In  1S72  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
State  Republican  Executive  Committee,  and  conducted  the 
attendant  campaign  in  Ohio. 


I 


0*7; 

le! 


' EFF,  BENJAMIN,  Physician  and  Member  of  the 
Ho*use  of  Representatives  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Ohio,  was  born  on  March  l6th,  1S21,  in  Lan- 
caster county,  Pennsylvania,  his  parents  being 
David  and  Leah  (Kauffman)  Neff  His  education 
until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  sixteen  years  was 
obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  place.  When 
he  was  sixteen  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Clark 
county,  Ohio,  and  he  accompanied  them  thither.  They 
settled  in  New  Carlyle,  and  in  the  academy  of  that  place  he 
completed  his  education,  so  far  as  the  schools  were  con- 
cerned. After  leaving  school  he  commenced  teaching,  and 
for  the  next  two  years  he  taught  school  steadily.  At  the 
end  of  his  two  years  of  teaching,  he  began  the  study  of 
medicine,  having  some  time  previously  decided  upon  enter- 
ing the  medical  profession.  It  was  to  enable  him  to  do  this 
tliat  he  had  devoted  himself  temporarily  to  teaching.  He 
studied  assiduously  until  he  had  passed  through  the  prepara- 
U)ry  course  of  reading,  when  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical 
College.  Plere  he  studied  harder  than  ever,  and  with  such 
effect  that  he  took  and  maintained  a high  position  in  his 
class.  He  graduated  from  the  institution  in  1848,  and  im- 
mediately after  receiving  his  diploma  commenced  practice 
as  a physician  in  New  Carlyle.  He  speedily  attained  suc- 
cess in  his  profession,  and  was  soon  in  possession  of  a large 
practice.  Several  years  ago  he  took  measures  to  meet  a 
very  appreciably  felt  want  in  the  community  where  he  lived 
—the  want  of  a first-class  drug-store.  He  established  such 
an  one,  and  added  the  business  of  druggist  to  his  thriving 
practice  as  a physician.  As  a citizen  he  was  held  in  as  high 
esteem  in  the  community  as  in  his  professional  capacity,  and 
this  esteem  was  practically  manifested  by  choosing  him 
Mayor  of  the  place,  a position  which  he  filled  with  honor  to 
himself  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  citizens.  For  twelve 
years,  also,  he  held  the  office  of  Treasurer  for  the  village 
and  the  township.  In  the  year  1871  he  was  elected,  on  the 
Republican  ticket,  to  a seal  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  Sixtieth  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  and  was  re-elected 
a member  of  the  House  in  1873.  was  made  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Medical  Colleges  and  a member  of  the 
Committee  on  Universities  and  Colleges.  His  course  in  the 
Legislature  has  been  an  honorable  and  dignified  one, 
marked  by  good  ability,  rigid  integrity  and  fine  capacity  for 
the  details  of  legislative  business.  He  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Elizabeth  1..  Hay,  of  Clark  county, 
whom  he  married  in  May,  1848.  She  died  in  1849,  leaving 


one  child,  a daughter.  In  October,-  1851,  he  married  Har- 
riet J.  Hay,  a sister  of  his  first  wife,  who  has  borne  him  five 
children.  Only  three  of  his  six  children  now  survive. 


ILL,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  Lawyer  and  Brig- 
adier-General United  States  Volunteers,  was  born, 
July  7th,  1813,  at  Starksboro,  Addison  county, 
Vermont,  of  New  England  parentage  and  of  Eng- 
lish descent.  At  the  age  of  four  years  his  parents 
removed  to  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  and  there  he 
passed  his  youth,  himself  his  own  schoolmaster,  for  he  is 
entirely  self-educated.  When  fifteen  years  old  he  com- 
menced learning  the  saddler’s  trade,  and  when  he  had  ac- 
quired a thorough  knowledge  of  the  craft,  commenced  on 
his  own  account  the  saddlery  business  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania. 
Subsequently  he  removed  to  Elyria,  Ohio,  where  he  taught 
school  for  one  winter,  and  again  changed  his  residence  to 
Toledo,  where,  in  1836,  he  obtained  a situation  as  clerk  in 
a dry-goods  house.  His  leisure  hours  w’ere  devoted  to 
reading  law,  every  moment  that  he  could  spare,  during  the 
three  years  that  he  held  this  position,  being  employed  in 
self-culture.  Such  perseverance  was  rewarded  by  his  being 
admitted  to  practise  at  the  bar  in  June,  1839,  and  since  that 
date  he  has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the  courts,  except 
during  his  military  career.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
leading  counsellors  and  barristers  in  his  section,  and  enjoys  a 
large  share  of  jratronage.  Shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the 
late  civil  war,  he  was  commissioned,  June,  1861,  by  Gov- 
ernor Dennison,  Brigadier-General  of  the  Ohio  Volunteer 
Militia,  and  took  command  of  a brigade  in  W’est  Virginia, 
guarding  the  different  lines  of  railroads  in  that  .State,  and 
connecting  General  McClellan’s  command  wdth  his  base  of 
supplies.  While  engaged  on  this  service  he  rendered  most 
valuable  aid  to  the  Union  cause.  In  August,  1861,  he  re- 
turned to  Columbus,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  Camp 
Chase,  wdiere  he  continued  until  the  following  December. 
While  filling  that  position  he  drilled,  manoeuvred  and  pre- 
pared for  service  some  of  the  most  effective  and  gallant  regi- 
ments that  were  ever  called  to  the  field.  Among  these  may 
be  named  the  20th,  the  31st,  the  40lh,  the  42d — General 
Garfield’s — the  43d — General  W.  Swayne’s  regiment— and 
the  58th,  a German  regiment.  All  these  different  bodies  of 
men  were  infantry.  One  cavalry  regiment,  the  isl  Ohio, 
was  also  drilled  by  him  and  prepared  for  service.  In  1862 
he  was  made  Adjutant-General  of  Ohio,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  December,  1863.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed Colonel  of  the  120th  Infantry,  which  was  shortly 
afterwards  mustered  into  the  United  .States  service  at  John- 
son’s Island,  Sandusky  B.iy,  where  they  guarded  the  pris- 
oners of  war,  over  three  thousand  in  number,  this  being  the 
largest  military  prison  in  the  North.  In  addition  to  this 
post  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  frontier  extending 
from  Buffalo,  New  York,  to  Detroit  in  Michigan,  a coast 


262 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


line  of  over  three  hundred  miles,  and  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  important  military  departments.  In  political  faith  he 
was  an  old-line  Whig  until  the  dissolution  of  that  party, 
when  he  espoused  the  Republican  cause.  He  has  filled  the 
offices  of  City  Clerk  and  City  Solicitor,  has  been  for  several 
years  a member  of  the  City  Councils,  and  was  at  one  time 
Mayor  of  Toledo  to  fill  a vacancy.  He  has  also  been  Col- 
lector of  the  Customs  for  the  Port  and  District  of  Toledo. 
P'or  twenty-seven  years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  Board 
of  Education  in  Toledo,  and  for  sixteen  years  President  of 
that  body.  He  is  also  a trustee  of  tbe  Toledo  University 
of  Arts  and  Trades.  He  was  married,  October  ist,  1843,  to 
Elizabeth  Charlotte  Titus,  of  New  York  city. 


ARRIS,  HON.  JOSIAH,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
NVestern  Reserve,  was  born,  November  30th, 
17S3,  in  Bucket,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts. 
His  father  was  one  of  the  captors  of  General 
Prescott,  and  Albert  Harris,  of  Cleveland,  has  in 
his  possession  a silver  cup  taken  from  the  table  in 
the  lower  room  of  the  house  where  the  general  and  his 
friends  had  been  drinking  wine.  Josiah  was  educated  in 
the  district  schools,  and  he  likewise  improved  every  oppor- 
tunity in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  He  thus  became  a 
most  thorough  and  successful  teacher  himself,  and  for  a 
number  of  winters  was  so  employed  while  a resident  of  his 
native  State.  In  1814  he  journeyed  to  Ohio,  travelling  en- 
tirely on  foot,  and  passing  through  the  burned  village  of 
Buffalo,  New  York,  while  it  was  yet  smoldering  from  the 
British  torch.  Having  reached  his  destination  he  located  a 
farm,  and  returned  to  Massachusetts.  The  following  year 
saw  him  again  on  his  way  to  Ohio,  journeying  again  on  foot, 
his  present  trip  being  to  select  farms  for  his  friends  and 
neighbors.  When  the  several  tracts  of  land  had  been  chosen 
and  secured,  he  again  returned  home,  where  he  remained 
until  1818,  when  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Ohio,  and 
located  himself  in  the  forest  on  the  site  of  the  present  flour- 
ishing village  of  Amherst.  He  reached  his  jourtiey’s  end 
on  July  3d  of  th.at  year,  and  on  the  folloudiig  day  w’as 
joined  by  two  neighbors,  who  lived  at  four  miles  distance 
from  his  farm,  who  duly  celebrated  the  birthday  of  the  na- 
tion, although  they  were  unprovided  with  any  of  the  noisy 
paraphernalia  winch  now  seems  to  be  concomitant  to  that 
day.  He  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1821,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  thirty-six  years,  when  he  resigned 
the  office.  He  was  the  first  Sheriff  of  Lorain  county,  and 
served  for  tw'o  terms.  In  1S27  he  was  elected  a member  of 
the  Legislature  from  Cuyahoga  county,  and  w'as  subsequently 
nominated  and  elected  Senator  from  the  Lorain  and  Medina 
districts.  He  was  appointed  Judge  in  1829.  He  was  also 
Postmaster  of  the  village  for  over  forty  years,  being  appointed 
thereto  by  Return  J.  Meigs,  Postmaster-General  of  the 
United  States,  and  at  the  lime  of  his  death  was  the  eldest 


postmaster  in  the  country.  He  was  eminently  a man  of 
peaceful  habits,  and  during  all  his  long  life  never  spoke  an 
angry  word,  nor  had  he  an  enemy.  He  was  twice  married  ; 
his  first  w'ife  was  Charity  Messenger,  and  his  second  was 
named  Anna  G.  Moore.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Amherst, 
March  26th,  1867,  universally  regretted. 


OLLINS,  WILLIAM  ALFRED,  Farmer,  Soldier, 
Lawyer  and  Jurist,  was  born,  June  l6th,  1821,  at 
Caledonia,  Livingston  county.  New  York.  His 
father  was  a native  of  Connecticut,  a descendant 
of  some  of  the  early  settlers  of  Boston,  and  of 
those  who  were  banished  from  the  colony  of 
Massachusetts  on  account  of  their  religious  belief,  being 
Antinomians  and  adhering  to  the  party  of  Anne  Hutchinson. 
At  that  period  these  peojile  retired  to  Providence,  wliich 
had  already  been  selected  as  the  refuge  of  others,  whose 
tenets  were  not  in  accordance  with  the  stern  and  unbending 
creed  of  the  Puritan  fathers.  His  mother  was  a native  of 
New  York,  of  English  and  Huguenot  ancestry.  He  grew 
up  towards  manhood  on  a farm  in  Livingston  county,  where 
he  labored  during  the  temperate  months  of  the  year,  while 
the  inclement  winter  months  were  devoted  to  school  and  the 
academy.  He  continued  there  until  he  attained  the  age  of 
eighteen  years,  when  he  entered  Yale  College,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1S43.  Soon  after  leaving  his 
Alma  Jl/aler  he  commenced  teaching,  which  he  only  pur- 
sued for  a few  months,  and  then  entered  the  office  of 
Orlando  Hastings  ic  Martin  S.  Newton,  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  with  whom  he  studied  law  until  his  admission  to  the 
bar  about  the  close  of  1846.  From  that  date  until  1855  he 
practised  his  profession  in  Livingston  county.  In  1856  he 
removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  continued  his  legal 
practice.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  went  to  West 
Virginia  with  the  Ohio  three  months  volunteers  as  a staff- 
officer  under  General  Charles  W.  Hill,  and  after  these  troops 
were  mustered  out  of  the  service  he  was  engaged  for  a few 
months,  in  a similar  capacity,  assisting  in  the  organization 
of  some  of  the  Ohio  volunteer  regiments  at  Camp  Chase. 
He  then  returned  home,  where  he  resumed  his  professional 
duties.  In  1869  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  of  the  Fourth  District  of  Ohio,  which  posi- 
tion he  filled  until  1875,  when  he  left  the  bench  and  again 
assumed  the  role  of  a counsellor  at  law,  in  which  he  con- 
tinues, and  is  also  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education  of 
Toledo.  During  all  these  years,  whenever  the  opportunity 
offered,  he  has  been  likewise  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. In  political  faith  he  was  in  his  earlier  years  a Whig, 
with  which  party  he  was  affiliated  until  it  ceased  to  exist. 
Since  its  dissolution  he  has  steadily  adhered  to  the  doctrines 
and  tenets  of  the  Republicans.  He  was  married  at  Toledo 
in  1863. 


GoJaxy  hih  Co  PhtXo^ 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


263 


^JD,  IIOX.  DAVID,  Governor  of  Ohio,  was  born 
at  Youngstown,  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary 2ist,  1805.  Ilis  father,  the  Hon.  George 
Tod, 'a  native  of  Connecticut,  had  settled  in  the 
AYestern  Reserve  five  years  previously.  The 
year  of  his  arrival  he  was  appointed  by  Governor 
St.  Clair  to  act  as  Secretary  of  the  then  Territory.  Two 
years  later,  when  Ohio  became  a State,  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  lie  held  the  office  of  Judge 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  1S12,  when  he  resigned 
the  office  and  entered  the  army  with  the  rank.  He  served 
with  credit  during  the  struggle,  and  was  promoted  to  a 
colonelcy  early  in  his  military  career.  Shortly  after  its 
close  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  his  circuit  embracing  the  whole  northern  part  of 
Ohio.  He  remained  upon  the  bench  until  1S29,  after 
which  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  his  death,  in  1841,  at  the  age  of  sixty-seven. 
His  public  and  private  character  were  blameless.  At  this 
time  his  son,  David,  was  practising  law,  having  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1827.  He  had  met  with  great  success 
in  his  profession  at  Warren,  where  he  had  opened  an  office 
immediately  after  his  admission,  and  where  he  resided  for 
fifteen  years.  He  had  tasted  of  all  the  rough  experiences 
of  the  young  country  lawyer,  being  very  poor  when  he 
began  to  practise,  and  having  no  other  pecuniary  aid  than 
that  which  his  profession  brought  him.  He  had  now 
gained  a wide  reputation  as  a criminal  lawyer,  and  was 
rapidly  becoming  one  of  the  most  popular  members  of  the 
Ohio  bar.  In  early  life  he  had  imbibed  a strong  love  for 
politics,  and  Andrew  Jackson  was  his  model  in  all  that 
constituted  statesmanship.  His  first  vote  was  for  the 
success  of  the  Democratic  party.  In  1838  he  became  a 
member  of  the  State  .Senate  as  a Democrat.  In  the  mem- 
orable Presidential  campaign  of  1840  he  went  upon  the 
stump  for  Van  Buren  and  the  Democratic  ticket.  Though 
his  candidate  was  unsuccessful,  he  left  the  field  with  a fine 
record  as  a speaker,  and  became  more  popular  than  ever 
with  his  party.  In  1844  he  was  unanimously  nominated 
for  Governor  by  the  Democr.icy,  and  was  defeated  by  only 
a thousand  votes,  while  Henry  Clay’s  (Whig)  majority  over 
James  K.  Polk,  in  the  following  month,  was  about  six 
thousand.  Soon  after  his  defeat  he  retired  to  his  well- 
known  farm  at  Brier  Hill,  where  he  followed  agriculture 
for  the  next  three  years.  In  1847  President  Polk,  un- 
solicited, appointed  him  United  States  Minister  to  Brazil, 
where  he  remained  until  the  summer  of  1852,  rendering 
effective  service  to  his  country,  especially  in  the  matter  of 
treaties  and  the  settlement  of  claims.  On  his  return  he 
entered  heartily  into  the  Presidential  campaign  of  that 
year,  which  ended  in  the  success  of  his  party  candidate, 
P'ranklin  Pierce.  He  wxs  also  prominent  in  the  last  suc- 
cessful campaign  of  his  party,  in  1856.  In  the  exciting 
political  events  of  i860  he  was  conspicuous  as  a member 
of  the  Charleston  Convention  and  a strong  Douglas  man. 


‘ and  was  chosen  first  Vice-President;  and  at  Baltimore, upon 
the  withdrawal  of  nearly  the  entire  Southern  delegation, 
followed  by  the  President  of  the  convention,  Hon.  Caleb 
Cushing,  of  Massachusetts,  he  filled  the  vacated  chair.  Up 
to  the  time  of  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumrer  he  was  warmly 
interested  in  the  amicable  adjustment  of  the  difficulties 
that  were  distracting  the  country  and  promoting  sectional 
hatred  and  strife  with  military  arms.  At  once  his  patriotic 
indignation  was  aroused,  and  he  cast  aside  all  that  per- 
tained to  party  politics  and  gave  his  voice  and  money  to 
the  work  of  raising  troops  to  save  the  Union  from  disrup- 
tion. From  his  private  purse  he  uniformed  a company 
from  his  native  town — Company  B,  19th  Regiment — and 
contributed  one  thousand  dollars  to  the  township  fund  for 
military  expenses.  In  1861  he  again  received  the  nomina- 
tion for  Governor.  The  war-Democrats  and  the  entire 
Republican  party  cast  their  suffrages  for  him,  and  he  was 
triumphantly  elected,  his  majority  ranging  between  fifty 
and  sixty  thousand  votes.  He  took  his  .seat  in  January, 
1862,  and  from  that  time  until  the  close  of  his  administra- 
tion was  popular  with  all  classes.  The  war  fever  was  at  its 
height  when  he  entered  upon  his  duties,  but  his  predeces- 
sor, Hon.  William  Dennison,  had  already  done  much  to 
place  the  State)  on  a war  footing,  and  was  ever  ready  to 
give  him  counsel  and  support.  His  position  as  an  iron 
manufacturer  and  President  of  the  Cleveland  & Mahoning 
Railroad  gave  him  status  as  a man  of  business  ability,  and 
the  details  of  his  office  were  carefully  looked  after.  He 
prudently  retained  the  staff  of  his  predecessor,  and  those 
who  were  appointed  to  office  were  from  the  ranks  of  the 
patriots,  without  regard  to  party.  No  one  questioned  his 
honest  and  sturdy  patriotism,  and  he  brought  to  every  de- 
partment of  his  office  a wise  discretion  and  sound  judgment 
that  secured  the  confidence  of  the  people.  Ohio  troops, 
although  they  had  been  active  in  keeping  armed  invaders 
out  of  the  loyal  portions  of  the  border  States,  and  especially 
in  saving  West  Virginia  from  the  grip  of  the  foe,  had  as 
yet  suffered  hut  little  loss  in  battle.  The  battle  of  Pittsburgh 
Eanding  came  with  its  terrible  .slaughter.  Ohio,  Indiana 
and  Illinois  suffered  severely.  Governor  Tod  at  once  took 
measures  to  have  all  wounded  and  sick  Ohioans  cared  for. 
Steamboats  were  chartered  to  convey  surgeons,  nurses  and 
supplies  to  their  relief.  A complete  system  of  relief  was 
afterwards  organized,  and  put  in  force  wherever  occasion 
demanded  it.  He  was  particularly  active  in  securing  the 
■State  from  armed  invasion.  It  was  during  his  administra- 
tion that  Clement  I-.  Vallandigham  achieved  a certain 
notoriety  by  his  persistent  efforts  to  array  the  anti-war- 
Democrats  in  open  hostility  to  the  government,  and  who 
was  afterwards  arrested  and  sent  into  exile  for  treasonable 
utterances.  It  was  at  one  time  supposed  that  the  Emanci- 
pation Proclamation  would  chill  the  ardor  of  Ohio’s  Execu- 
tive, as  he  had  been  an  active  Democrat  all  his  life;  but  he 
made  no  allusion  to  it  in  his  message  of  that  year,  hut  it 
was  full  of  suggestions  for  prosecuting  the  war,  criticised 


264 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


the  conduct  of  the  rebellious  States  and  recommended  the 
passage  of  an  act  to  enable  the  soldiers  in  the  field  to  vote 
at  State  and  Presidential  elections.  The  absence  of  so 
many  war- Democrats  and  Republicans  h.ad  emboldened  the 
leaders  of  the  anti-war  element,  and  they  had  been  almost 
successful  in  controlling  the  State.  The  authorities  at 
Washington  found  an  active  supporter  in  Governor  Tod 
during  his  entire  term  of  office.  He  visited  that  city  for 
advice  and  counsel,  and  to  make  suggestions,  and  was  on  a 
very  friendly  footing  with  the  martyr  President,  who,  on 
Chase’s  retirement,  offered  him  the  Secretaryship  of  the 
Treasury ; it  was  declined.  During  his  administration  many 
great  battles  were  fought,  and  upon  him  devolved  the  task 
of  keeping  up  the  quota  of  the  State  in  the  field.  He  was 
faithful  to  every  trust,  prudent  in  management  and  a man 
of  the  people.  He  belonged  to  the  noble  band  of  war 
Democrats  who  may  really  be  said  to  have  held  the  balance 
of  power  in  the  dark  days  of  the  war ; who  stood  by  the 
President  they  had  not  helped  to  make,  and  who  never 
wavered  in  their  allegiance  to  him  and  the  government  he 
was  sworn  to  protect.  In  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  business 
he  was  a very  active  man,  as  a railroad  promoter,  iron 
manufacturer,  etc.  He  was  identified  with  the  building  of 
the  Cleveland  & Mahoning  Railroad,  and  he  energetically 
pushed  the  development  of  the  vast  coal  fields  of  the 
Mahoning  valley.  After  the  close  of  his  administration  he 
devoted  himself  entirely  to  business.  He  died  at  his  farm, 
known  as  Brier  Hill,  in  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  November 
I3lh,  1868. 


AYLES.S,  FRANKLIN  D.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Adams  county,  Ohio,  February  2d,  1839.  His 
preliminaiy  education  was  acquired  at  West 
Union,  in  the  same  State.  During  1858-59  he 
was  engaged  in  teaching  school,  but  in  1860-61 
returned  to  his  books  and  student  life.  In  the 
winter  of  1861-62  he  reassumed  for  a brief  period  the  role 
of  educator,  and  also,  in  the  course  of  the  latter  year,  com- 
menced the  study  of  law  under  the  supervision  of  Major  J. 
W.  McFerren  (of  the  70th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry).  In  the  following  July  he  enlisted  as  a private 
in  the  91st  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  July  20th, 
1864,  at  Stevenson’s  Depot,  near  Winchester,  Virginia,  he 
was  severely  wounded  (gun-shot)  in  and  through  both 
thighs.  He  was  subseciuently  unfitted  for  active  service, 
through  the  effects  of  this  casualty,  until  he  was  mustered 
out,  in  June,  1865.  He  had,  however,  in  the  preceding 
January  returned  to  his  company,  at  Martinsburg,  Virginia. 
He  nev«r  applied  for  pension,  and  deems  it  the  reverse  of 
creditable  to  all  save  the  very  poor  to  make  application  for 
recompense  in  such  a form.  Upon  the  completion  of  his 
studies  in  law  with  J.  K.  Billings,  of  Adams  c )unty,  Ohio, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  April  23d,  1866,  at  Portsmouth, 
Ohio.  In  this  year  he  was  the  Democratic  nominee  and 


candidate  for  the  General  Assembly,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  decease  of  Colonel  Phillips.  Owing  to 
the  strength  of  the  Republican  party,  then  in  power  in  the 
county,  he  was  defeated  by  twenty  votes.  In  1869  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Adams  County,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1871.  In  1873  he  was  the  Democratic  can- 
didate for  the  Legislature,  and  owed  his  defeat  to  local 
strife  connected  with  the  removal  of  the  county-seat.  Since 
then  he  has  been  constantly  and  successfully  engaged  in 
professional  labors,  and  is  widely  and  favorably  known  for 
his  able  conduct  particularly  of  criminal  cases.  He  assisted 
in  the  prosecution  of  Frank  Hardy,  for  the  murder  of  J.  M. 
Rice,  his  stepfather.  This  criminal,  found  guilty  of  murder 
in  the  first  degree,  received  from  the  governor  a commuta- 
tion of  his  sentence,  and  was  condemned  to  imprisonment 
for  life.  He  assisted  also  in  the  prosecution  of  J.  W.  Har- 
per, for  the  murder  of  Luther  Collier,  when  a verdict  of 
murder  in  the  second  degree  was  awarded.  Fie  assisted 
also  in  the  defence  of  James  H.  Daugherty  and  John 
Warden,  for  the  murder  of  Morris  Edgington.  He  w.as 
married,  November  22d,  1S69,  to  Helen  M.  Young, 
daughter  of  James  F.  Young,  of  Youngsville,  Ohio. 


ra 

TEEL,  REV.  SAMUEL,  D.  D.,  was  born  near 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  May  29th,  1796.  He  re- 
ceived his  classical  education  in  that  country, 
and  came  to  America  in  1816.  He  first  entered 
his  brother’s  wholesale  store  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  remained  until  he  united  with  the 
church.  Having  determined  to  study  for  the  ministry,  he 
entered  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jer- 
sey, in  June,  1822.  After  remaining  there  about  two  years 
he  was  offered  the  position  of  tutor  in  the  family  of  James 
Caldwell,  who  was  then  proprietor  of  the  White  .Sulphur 
■Springs,  in  Virginia.  This  he  accepted,  and  while  there, 
preached  to  an  adjacent  church  called  Anthony’s  Creek. 
In  April,  1824,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Lexington 
Presbytery,  at  Mossy  Creek.  He  taught  for  a year,  and 
then  acted  as  a missionary  in  Rockingham  county.  In  the 
fall  of  1824  he  returned  to  Princeton,  and  completed  his 
studies  in  the  following  year.  In  A|)ril,  1825,  he  received 
a call  to  preach  at  Hopkinsville,  Kentucky.  He  visited 
the  place,  but  concluded  not  to  accept  the  call.  As  he  was 
returning  he  was  invited  to  preach  at  Winchester.  This 
led  to  his  settlement  in  Kentucky.  During  the  following 
year  he  preached  to  the  congregations  at  Winchester  and 
Richmond,  and  at  the  close  of  this  period  at  Winchester 
and  Hopewell.  In  the  spring  of  1828  he  received  an  in- 
vitation to  visit  Hillsborough,  Ohio.  This,  however,  did 
not  result  in  his  immediate  settlement  in  this  place.  He 
remained  in  Kentucky,  giving  up  in  the  latter  part  of  1829! 
his  charge  at  Winchester,  and  adding  Horeb  to  Hopewell. 
In  the  spring  of  1833,  while  at  the  General  Assembly  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 


265 


Philadelphia,  he  was  induced  to  accept  an  agency  of  the 
Presbyterian  Board  of  Education,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr. 
John  Breckinridge.  In  this  position  he  remained  until 
Way,  1834,  when  he  accepted  a call  to  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Hillsborough,  Ohio.  Here  he  remained  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  November  22d,  1869. 
He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  the  adopted 
daughter  of  his  brother,  John  Steel.  Her  name  was  Ann 
Jane  Russell.  His  second  wife  was  E.  A.,  daughter  of 
Rev.  Robert  Stuart,  D.  D.,  of  Walnut  Hill,  near  Lexington, 
Kentucky.  Dr.  Steel  left  three,  children,  two  sons  and  a 
daughter. 

TEDMAX,  GENERAL  WILLIAM,  was  born  in 
Granville,  Ohio,  November  26tb,  1815.  His 
father  was  one  of  Ohio’s  early  settlers,  and 
helped  to  found  the  town  of  Granville,  which 
is  the  namesake  of  his  birthplace,  in  Massachu- 
setts. When  William  had  reached  the  age  of 
twelve  his  father  died.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered 
the  preparatory  department  of  Hudson  College,  and  thence 
went  to  Athens  College  for  a regular  course,  but  was  com- 
pelled to  relinquish  his  purpose  on  account  of  ill  health. 
In  the  spring  of  1837  he  married  Elizabeth  Elmore,  of 
Randolph,  and  began  the  life  of  a farmer.  He  was  also 
interested,  at  the  same  time,  in  mercantile  and  manufac- 
turing pursuits.  His  political  convictions  were  very  de- 
cided, and  as  soon  as  he  was  old  enough  to  shape  his 
course  he  warmly  embraced  the  anti-slavery  sentiment  of 
the  times  and  espoused  the  cause  of  universal  freedom. 
As  soon  as  the  Republicrn  party  was  formed  he  became 
an  active  and  influential  member  of  that  organization  in 
the  State  of  Ohio.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
I^egislature.  The  opening  of  the  rebellion  found  him  in 
active  sympathy  with  Lincoln’s  administration,  and  soon 
after  a captain  in  the  7th  Ohio  Infantry  (three  months’  ser- 
vice). Returning  from  that  campaign  with  a creditable 
record,  at  the  request  of  Governor  Dennison,  he  began  the 
recruiting  of  men  for  the  6th  Ohio  Cavalry.  Plaving  com- 
pleted his  duties  in  this  direction,  he  was  commissioned 
Major  of  the  regiment.  Two  years  later,  in  August,  1863, 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy,  and  early  in 
1864  was  made  Colonel.  He  was  one  of  the  best  cavalry 
officers  in  the  sersdce,  and  possessed  the  full  confidence  of 
his  superiors  and  subordinates.  In  his  campaigns  he  was 
accompanied  by  his  three  sons  as  members  of  his  regiment, 
all  of  whom  returned  in  safety,  though  impaired  health  fell 
to  the  lot  of  two  of  them.  He  participated  in  many  severe 
engagements,  and  in  innumerable  skirmishes  and  brushes 
with  the  enemy,  incident  to  cavalry  service.  In  October, 
1864,  his  three  years’  term  of  service  having  expired,  he  re- 
turned home  in  not  the  best  of  health.  He  was  returned 
to  the  I^egislature  in  1865,  and  to  the  State  .Senate  in  1868. 
His  military  service  had  debilitated  his  system,  and  left  him 
34 


without  the  vitality  necessaiy  to  combat  acute  disease.  He 
died  of  yellow  fever,  at  Santiago  de  Cuba,  July  6th,  1869, 
whither  he  had  been  sent  three  months  previous,  as  Consul, 
under  appointment  of  President  Grant.  On  a foreign  shore, 
away  from  his  kindred,  without  a familiar  voice  to  soothe 
his  dying  moments,  one  of  Ohio’s  bravest  soldiers  and  most 
honorable  citizens  passed  to  rest. 


COTT,  WILLIAM  IL,  Real  Estate  Dealer,  was 
born  in  Columbia)  South  Carolina,  on  September 
3d,  1S25.  While  he  was  yet  a child  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Connecticut,  and  eventually 
to  Toledo,  Ohio.  He  enjoyed  the  advantages  of 
a good  common  school  education,  and  the  higher 
and  better  advantage — beyond  that  afforded  by  any  school — 
of  careful  home  instruction  and  training,  by  a father  whose 
knowledge  was  rich  and  varied,  and  whose  ability  to  impart 
it  to  his  sons  was  exceptional.  His  general  education, 
moreover,  was  supplemented  by  a two  years’  study  of  the 
general  principles  of  law,  without,  however,  any  purpose 
of  entering  the  legal  profession.  For  a few  years  after 
reaching  his  majority  he  remained  in  Toledo,  assisting  his 
father  in  the  management  of  an  extensive  real  estate  busi- 
ness, and  contributing  from  time  to  time  to  the  columns  of 
the  Toledo  Blade,  of  which  paper  his  father,  Joseph  W. 
Scott,  was  then  the  editor  and  part  proprietor.  In  1849  he 
removed  to  Adrian,  Michigan,  where  he  remained  until 
1865,  engaged  for  the  most  part  in  agricultural  and  horti- 
cultural pursuits,  of  which  he  was  exceedingly  fond,  but  at 
the  same  time  continuing  the  management  of  his  real  estate 
interests  in  Toledo.  While  there  he,  together  with  a few 
of  the  other  leading  citizens  of  Adrian,  became  interested 
in  the  institution  of  the  college  which  the  W'esleyans  of  the 
Northwest  proposed  to  locate  there,  if  the  people  of  Adrian 
would  co-operate  sufficiently.  The  project  was  a success- 
ful one.  The  site  was  ])rovided,  three  large  college  build- 
ings were  erected  and  nearly  all  the  cost  of  the  enterprise, 
about  $100,000,  was  borne  by  the  citizens  of  Adrian.  Mr. 
Scott  continued  to  be  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Adrian  College,  as  well  as  of  the 
Board  of  Education  and  of  the  City  Common  Schools  in 
Adrian  until  1865,  when  his  real  estate  interests  in  Toledo 
had  grown  to  such  proportions  as  to  require  his  personal 
presence  and  attention.  While  in  Adrian,  besides  his  de- 
votion to  the  cause  of  education,  he  was  active  in  promoting 
and  fostering  agricultural  and  horticultural  interests,  and 
was  President  of  the  Adrian  Horticultural  Society,  which 
became  a permanent  institution,  with  a large  and  valuable 
library.  On  again  becoming  a citizen  of  Toledo  he  fully 
identified  himself  with  the  city  which  has  been  the  source 
of  all  his  material  prosperity,  and  interested  himself  actively 
in  its  various  public  institutions.  He  is  now  Vice-President 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Toledo  University  of  Arts 


266 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


and  Trades,  founded  by  his  father.  He  was  for  two  terms 
President  of  the  Toledo  Library  Association,  and  gave  it 
needed  pecuniary  assistance.  He  felt  that  this  library  did 
not  sufficiently  meet  the  needs  of  the  large  portion  of  the 
community,  whose  desire  for  reading  was  greatly  circum- 
scribed by  the  large  cost  of  procuring  books,  and  therefore 
he  took  the  first  steps  toward  the  creation  of  an  absolutely 
free  library.  It  was  through  his  exertions,  eventually 
seconded  by  those  of  a few  other  gentlemen  of  Toledo,  that 
a bill  was  presented  in  the  Legislature,  which,  failing  to  be- 
come a law  the  first  winter,  was  passed  in  the  year  follow- 
ing, and  which  gives  to  Toledo,  alone  of  cities  of  the  first- 
class  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  a free  library,  sustained  by  taxa- 
tion, and  entirely  untrammelled  by  connection  with  any 
other  institution.  The  success  of  the  experiment  is  suffi- 
ciently indicated  by  the  fact  that  in  some  months  the  draw- 
ings of  books  from  the  library  have  amounted  to  over  8000 
volumes.  While  residing  in  Adrian,  William  Scott  was 
married  to  Mary  A.  Winans,  and  there  all  their  children, 
three  daughters  and  one  son,  were  born. 


«ASSIE,  GENERAL  NATHANIEL,  Pioneer  Set- 
tler and  Governor  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Gooch- 
land county,  Virginia,  December  28th,  1763. 
His  father — a farmer  in  easy  circumstances  and 
“ (j)  ® of  plain  good  sense — educated  his  sons  for  the 
practical  business  of  life.  In  17S0  Nathaniel 
was  for  a short  time  in  the  revolutionary  army.  After  his 
return  he  studied  surveying,  and  in  1783  left  to  seek  his 
fortunes  in  Kentucky.  Here  he  practised  his  profession, 
and  joined  with  it  the  locating  of  lands.  He  soon  acquired 
the  adroitness  of  the  backwoodsman,  and  especially  was 
this  the  case  in  hunting.  He  could  “take  a reckoning” 
with  the  best  of  them  in  clear  or  cloudy  weather,  and  could 
compute  distances  more  correctly  than  most  of  the  old  hun- 
ters. He  was  cool  and  courageous,  and  soon  became 
acknowledged  as  a leader.  He  became  interested  with 
General  James  Wilkinson  in  speculations  in  salt,  but  with 
what  success  is  not  known.  In  his  business  of  surveyor  he 
often  risked  his  life — in  fact,  his  business  was  a continua 
risk,  as  the  opposition  of  the  Indians  was  only  exceeded  by 
the  determination  of  the  whites  to  survey  their  land  grants. 
Prior  to  1790  much  of  this  work  was  done  by  stealth.  In 
1791  he  founded  the  settlement  of  Manchester,  in  Adams 
county,  by  offering  premiums  to  immigrants.  During  the 
next  two  years  he  was  engaged  in  surveying  in  that  vicinity. 
In  the  fall  of  1793  he  went  on  a surveying  tour  on  the 
Scioto,  a dangerous  undertaking.  He  was  accompanied  on 
the  expedition  by  the  celebrated  Duncan  M’Arthur  as  a 
chainman  or  marker.  He  underwent  the  most  extreme 
]rrivations  in  this  and  other  expeditions  of  like  nature.  In 
1798,  with  the  aid  of  Duncan  M’Arthur,  he  laid  out  the 
town  of  Chillicothe,  on  his  own  land.  This  was  the  foun- 


dation of  the  settlement  of  the  Scioto  valley.  He  enjoyed 
the  confidence  of  Governor  St.  Clair,  and,  receiving  the 
appointment  of  Colonel,  it  was  through  his  exertions  that 
the  militia  of  this  region  was  organized.  He  was  a mem- 
ber of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  State  Constitution, 
and  was  afterwards  elected  Senator  from  Ross  county,  and 
at  the  first  session  of  the  State  Legislature  was  elected 
Speaker.  .Some  of  the  best  provisions  in  the  original  fun- 
damental law  of  the  State  bear  the  impress  of  his  mind. 
He  also  became  a Major-General  of  militia  under  the 
new  Constitution.  He  was  at  one  time  one  of  the 
largest  Landholders  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  He  was  in  his 
time  one  of  the  most  popular  citizens  in  the  State,  and  in 
1807  was  candidate  for  Governor  against  Hon.  Return  J. 
Meigs.  His  opponent  was  elected  by  a small  majority,  but 
the  election  was  declared  invalid  because  Meigs  had  not 
resided  in  the  State  long  enough  to  be  eligible.  Under  the 
circumstances  General  Massie  refused  to  accept  the  office. 
After  the  decision  in  his  favor  he  immediately  resigned. 
As  often  as  circumstances  would  permit  he  represented 
Ross  county  in  the  Legislature.  He  died,  November  3d, 
l8t  t,  and  was  buried  on  his  farm  at  the  falls  of  Paint  Creek 
Ross  county. 


^ ING,  HON.  RUFU.S,  Lawyer,  was  born,  May  30th, 
1817,  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  and  was  educated  at 
Kenyon  College  and  Harvard  University.  Upon 
leaving  college  he  returned  to  his  native  State 
and  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  rapidly 
achieved  eminence  at  the  bar  through  the  ability 
he  evinced  as  a counsellor  and  advocate.  In  Februaiy, 
1864,  Governor  Brough  tendered  him  the  appointment  of 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  out  he  declined  this  offer,  as 
he  had  many  others,  for  political  advancement  and  personal 
aggrandizement,  preferring  to  devote  himself  to  his  profes- 
sional duties,  and  to  those  enterprises  which  were  calculated 
to  increase  the  culture  and  happiness  of  the  people  of  the 
community  in  which  he  made  his  home.  No  man  is  more 
thoroughly  identified  with  the  permanent  prosperity  of  Cin- 
cinnati than  Mr.  King;  and  certainly  no  one  stands  higher 
in  the  confidence  and  regard  of  the  public.  For  fourteen 
years  he  was  an  active  member  of  its  School  Board,  and 
during  ten  years  he  occupied  the  office  of  its  President.  As 
a member  and  as  a presiding  officer  he  rendered  invalual>le 
service  in  building  up  and  improving  the  .system  of  public 
education  in  Cincinnati,  which  now  ranks  among  the  best 
in  the  country.  He  had  the  leading  part  also  in  founding 
the  Public  Library  of  that  city.  He  is  President  of  the  Law 
Library  Association,  and  his  selection  to  this  office  indicates 
the  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  the  members  of  the 
bar.  He  is  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Cincinnati 
University,  an  institution  that  promises  to  be  one  of  the 
leading  seats  of  learning  in  the  country.  Mr.  King  ap- 
peared as  one  of  the  counsel  in  the  “ Betle-case,”  an  action 


/ - ( 


$■ 


\ 


I 


I - 


k 


1 1.. 


r 


1 


C 


A- 


' ' ‘I 


r,IOGRAriIICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


267 


which,  under  that  name,  became,  popularly  known,  and  his 
argument  attracted  general  attention.  It  was  e.xhaustive  in 
research,  clear  and  forcible  in  the  interpretation  of  the  stat- 
utes, remarkable  for  its  presentation  of  authorities  and  prin- 
ciple, and  characterized  throughout  by  trenchant  reasoning 
and  scholarly  finish.  His  last  public  office  was  that  of  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Ohio.  In  this 
representative  body  of  the  ablest  men  of  Ohio  he  succeeded 
Judge  Waite,  who  had  been  appointed  to  the  Chief-Justice- 
ship of  the  United  States,  as  President.  In  the  position  of 
presiding  officer  he  secured  the  friendship  and  kindliest  re- 
gard of  the  members,  and  received  the  commendations  of 
the  public  for  the  distinguished  ability  with  which  he  had, 
in  that  importani;  capacity,  served  the  State.  He  well  de- 
serves the  honors  accorded  him  for  the  vigilance  and  the 
labor  he  has  given  to  perfect  the  public  school  system  ; for 
his  support  of  all  movements  aiming  at  the  ennoblement  of 
national  character  and  the  advancement  of  public  interests, 
and  in  recognition  of  his  legal  attainments,  which  have  added 
lustre  to  the  history  of  the  Cincinnati  bar. 


ALLANDIGHAM,  CLEMENT  L.,  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  1822  at  New  Lisbon,  Columbia  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  descended  from  Huguenot  ances- 
tors. He  received  a good  common-school  edu- 
cation, and  made  rapid  progress  in  all  studies, 
and  completed  his  literary  acquisitions  at  Jefferson 
College,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  about  a year.  After 
leaving  this  institution,  he  became  the  Principal  of  the 
academy  at  Snow  Hill,  Maryland,  which  position  he  held 
for  two  years.  In  1840  he  relinquished  his  connection  with 
the  academy  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Ohio,  where  he 
at  once  commenced  the  study  of  law,  which  he  pursued 
with  ardor  until  1842,  when  he  was  admitted  to  practise  at 
the  bar,  being  then  but  twenty  years  of  age.  The  position 
of  a barrister  was  a stepping-stone  to  higher  honors,  and  in 
1845  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and 
re-elected  in  1846.  From  the  close  of  his  last  term  until 
1849  he  was  identified  with  the  Dayton  Empire,  becoming 
its  chief  editor,  and  through  this  journal  he  greatly  enhanced 
his  influence  as  a politician.  When  his  connection  with  the 
paper  terminated,  he  gave  his  attention  almost  wholly  to 
politics  and  the  practice  of  the  law,  holding  until  1856 
various  subordinate  local  positions.  In  that  year  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Democratic  .State  Convention,  which 
was  held  in  Cincinnati.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year 
he  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic  ticket  as  a representa- 
tive to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  in  opposition  to  the  then 
incumbent,  Hon.  I.ewis  D.  Campbell,  and  after  a thorough 
canvass  w.as  elected,  and  was  re-elected  two  years  subse- 
quently. At  the  commencement  of  the  second  session  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  during  all  of  the  Thirty-sixth, 
he  was  on  the  important  Committee  on  Territories.  At  the 


close  of  his  second  term  he  was  a third  time  elected,  and 
represented  his  district  until  March  3d,  1863.  While  in 
Congress  he  was  a consistent  opponent  of  the  policy  of  the 
government  in  reference  to  the  war.  At  the  close  of  his  last 
term  of  service  in  that  body  he  returned  to  Ohio,  and  re- 
sumed for  a short  time  his  legal  pursuits.  His  name  had 
already  been  favorably  mentioned  by  his  Democratic  friends 
as  the  nominee  for  gubernatorial  honors,  and  he  engaged  in 
a popular  canvass  of  the  .State,  freely  stating  his  position 
and  criticising  the  government  in  its  efforts  to  sustain  the 
Union.  On  April  13th,  1863,  General  Burnside  issued  his 
general  order.  No.  38,  in  which  he  announced,  inter  alia, 
that  all  persons  who  were  in  the  habit  of  declaring  them- 
selves in  sympathy  for  the  enemy  were  to  be  arrested,  tried, 
and  if  found  guilty,  should  be  sent  beyond  the  lines,  and 
into  the  lines  of  their  friends.  On  May  1st,  1863,  he  made 
a speech  on  the  current  issues  at  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  in 
consequence  of  which  he  was  arrested  three  days  subse- 
quently. On  May  5th  he  applied,  through  his  counsel,  for 
a writ  of  habeas  corpus  to  Judge  Le.avitt  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  at  Cincinnati,  to  which  General  Burnside  re- 
sponded. Judge  Leavitt  decided  that  the  legality  of  the 
arrest  depended  upon  the  extent  of  the  necessity  for  making 
it,  and  that  was  to  be  determined  by  the  military  commander, 
and  so  decidely  refused  application  of  the  writ.  He  was 
thereupon  tried  by  court-martial,  Brigadier-General  R.  B. 
Potter  presiding,  and  on  the  l6lh  of  May  found  guilty.  He 
was  first  sentenced  to  confinement  in  Fort  Warren,  Boston 
harbor,  which  sentence  was  commuted  by  President  Lincoln 
to  banishment  from  the  North,  an  order  being  issued  that 
he  should  be  taken,  under  a secure  guard,  to  the  head- 
quarters of  General  Rosecrans,  and  be  put  by  him  beyond 
the  Union  lines,  and  in  case  of  his  return,  to  be  arrested 
and  to  be  put  into  close  custody  for  the  term  of  his  sentence. 
This  order  was  duly  executed,  but  he  soon  ran  the  blockade 
and  went  to  Canada,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Windsor, 
opposite  Detroit.  Meanwhile  the  Democratic  Convention, 
which  assembled  at  Cincinnati  in  June,  1863,  denounced 
the  sentence  of  banishment  as  a violation  of  the  Constitution, 
and  he  was  nominated  by  this  body  as  their  candidate  for 
Governor;  and  at  the  election,  held  in  October  of  the  same 
year,  he  was  defeated  by  Brough  by  the  unprecedented  ma- 
jority of  101,099  votes.  been  taken  to  the 

United  States  Supreme  Court,  and  was  decided  February 
15th,  1864.  A writ  of  certiorari  had  been  asked  directing 
the  Judge  Advoc.ate  Genenal  to  revise  the  sentence  of  the 
court-martial  as  illegal  for  a citizen.  This  writ  was  refused, 
as  the  court  decided  the  court-martial  was  legal ; and  even 
if  illegal,  the  Supreme  Court  had  no  jurisdiction  in  the  case, 
as  a purely  civil  court  could  take  no  cognizance  of  the  ac- 
tions of  a military  tribunal.  On  March  7th,  1861,  he  wrote 
his  celebrated  letter  on  “ Retaliation  ” from  Windsor,  in 
which  he  advised  all  citizens  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  who  had 
suffered  at  the  hands  of  Union  soldiers  to  retaliate  in  kind, 
being  their  only  course.  He  returned  to  Ohio  June  15th, 


268 


BIOGRArHICAL  ENCVCLOP.RDIA. 


1864,  although  the  term  of  his  sentence  had  not  expired, 
trusting  to  the  puldic  sentiment  of  the  locality  that  he  would 
not  be  molested.  On  the  same  day  he  addressed  the  Demo- 
cratic Convention  at  Hamilton,  and  two  days  later  another 
at  Dayton.  He  was  not  arrested  again  by  the  government, 
as  he  had  not  done  anything  very  public  or  important.  In 
both  1864  and  1868  he  ardently  advocated  the  election  of 
the  Democratic  candidates  for  the  Presidency,  having  served 
as  a delegate  to  both  the  Democratic  National  Conventions 
of  those  years,  held  at  Chicago  and  New  York;  and  on  the 
defeat  of  his  parly  in  the  latter  year,  he  retired  for  a time 
from  the  political  arena.  When  he  emerged  from  his  privacy 
he  had  abandoned  his  former  position,  and  advised  a new 
departure  for  the  Democracy,  based  on  an  acquiescence  in 
the  results  of  the  war,  and  in  the  reconstruction  legislation 
of  Congress.  He  enjoyed  an  excellent  reputation  as  a 
lawyer,  and  was  a man  of  fine  abilities.  He  was  a member 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  served  as  a delegate 
in  both  the  State  and  General  Conventions  of  the  church. 
He  was  defending  a man  charged  with  murder,  and  while 
handling  a pistol  to  illustrate  the  homicidal  act,  he  accident- 
ally shot  himself,  and  the  wound  proved  mortal,  his  death 
occurring  June  lyih,  1871. 


A 


i 

"a  ^ 

e) 


Havin£ 


||OODS,  JOSEPH  THATCHER,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
was  born,  March  i6th,  1831,  in  the  town  of 
Columbiana,  Ohio.  His  father  is  of  German  de- 
scent, the  grandfather  of  the  latter  having  emi- 
grated to  this  cotintiy  with  his  two  brothers  to 
better  their  fortunes.  Their  surname  was  Woltz. 
found  employment  in  a pious  Eriend’s  family,  he 
not  only  imbibed  their  tenets,  but  requested  them  to  Angli- 
cize his  name,  and  this  etfort  resulted  in  the  present  nomen- 
clature of  “ Woods.”  One  of  the  brothers,  however,  retained 
his  original  appellation,  and  thus  the  families  are  by  name 
divided.  Dr.  WMods’  mother  was  Rebecca  Thatcher,  said 
to  be  a lineal  descendant  of  a man  bearing  that  name  who 
came  from  England  in  the  “ Mayflower,”  1620.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  primarily  in  a district  school  in  Portage 
county,  Ohio,  and  completed  it  by  occupying  in  study  minutes 
and  hours  that  were  not  devoted  to  aiding  his  father  in  the 
cultivation  of  a farm.  He  was  constantly  engaged  in  ac- 
quiring all  useful  knowledge  by  close  reading.  Having 
resolved  to  study  medicine,  he  placed  himself  under  the 
preceptorship  of  the  family  physician,  allhough  he  was  en- 
tirely without  means;  but  by  dint  of  performing  extra  work, 
especially  in  harvest  time,  teaching  school  in  the  winter,  and 
the  practice  of  the  severest  economy,  he  was  at  length  able 
to  command  the  means  by  which  he  attended  the  lectures 
delivered  in  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  from  which  institution  he  afterwards  graduated. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  a “ cross- 
roads ” in  Hancock  county,  Ohio,  where  he  established  a 
professional  reputation,  perfectly  satisfactory  to  himself  at 


least,  and  where  he  continued  until  August,  1862,  when  he 
entered  the  United  States  service  as  the  Surgeon  of  the  99th 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  This  regiment  was 
subsequently  consolidated  with  the  50th  Ohio,  and  he  was 
retained  as  the  Surgeon.  With  these  commands  he  was 
continually  at  the  front,  and  participated  in  various  cam- 
paigns, especially  that  of  Atlanta.  He  was  permanently 
detailed  as  one  of  the  operating  Surgeons  of  the  division, 
and  was  often  in  charge  of  hospitals  at  the  front,  as  well  as 
Surgeon  of  various  posts.  The  last  year  of  his  service  was 
occupied  with  staff  duty,  and  in  this  he  continued  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  After  his  return  home,  he  accepted  an 
appointment  as  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Histology  m 
the  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Medical  College,  and  filled  that  chair 
for  six  years.  He  subsequently  withdrew  his  connection 
with  that  school  and  removed  to  Toledo,  where  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  political  matters  he  takes 
a deep  interest,  and  has  ever  been  an  ardent  Republican, 
but  has  never  had  any  aspirations  for  filling  any  office  in  the 
gift  of  the  people.  He  is  still  unmarried. 


(Sl'.NS 


' INSDALE,  BURKE  A.,  President  of  Hiram  Col- 
lege, was  born,  of  New  England  parentage,  in 
Wadsworth,  Medina  county,  Ohio,  March  31st, 
1837.  Until  after  reaching  manhood  he  worked 
on  a farm,  and  then  entered  the  Western  Reserve 
Eclectic  Institute,  now  Hiram  College.  Previous 
to  this  time,  however,  he  had  attended  the  public  schools 
of  the  neighborhood,  and  had  had  a few  terms  of  higher 
instruction  in  the  Eclectic  Institute.  He  had  had  the  usual 
experience  of  rural  school-teaching  that  falls  to  the  lot  of 
so  many  young  men  in  this  country,  who  are  anxious  to  im- 
prove their  minds  and  attain  to  a high  grade  of  scholarship. 
In  i860  he  was  made  an  assistant-teacher  in  the  institute 
above  referred  to,  and  held  the  position  for  two  years,  when 
he  resigned.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Mary  E.  Turner,  of  Cleveland,  and  about  the 
same  time  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Christian  Church,  in 
which  he  has  since  preached  very  regularly.  In  1863  he  re- 
turned to  Hiram  as  an  instructor,  remaining  six  years,  and 
then  went  to  Solon,  Cuyahoga  county,  to  fill  the  pulpit  of 
the  Christian  Church  there,  in  which  pastorate  he  remained 
two  years.  Thence  he  moved  to  Cleveland  to  fill  the  same 
position  in  a church  of  the  same  denomination.  In  1866  a 
religious  newspaper,  favoring  the  cause  of  his  accepted 
faith,  was  started  in  Cleveland,  called  the  Christian  Stan- 
dard, and  for  three  years  he  was  on  its  editorial  staff,  the 
literary  labor  of  book-reviewing  being  a part  of  his  duties. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  Professor  of  History  and  English 
Literature  in  Alliance  College,  which  position  he  acceptably 
filled  for  one  year,  and  afterward  occupied  the  same  chair 
in  Hiram  College  for  a like  period.  He  received  a flatter- 
ing recognition  of  his  qualities  as  a scholar  and  tutor  in  1870, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


269 


when  he  was  elected  to  the  Presidency  of  Hiram  College. 
In  connection  with  his  duties  as  President,  he  has  also  filled 
the  chair  of  Philosophy,  History  and  Biblical  Literature. 
In  the  field  of  literature  he  is  a frequent  contribulor  to  the 
Christian  Quarterly,  and  in  1S72  a Cincinnati  firm  pub- 
lished a work  from  his  pen  entitled  “ The, Genuineness  and 
Authenticity  of  the  Gospels,”  which  was  well  received  by 
readers  of  religious  literature  and  inquiring  minds  generally. 
In  his  writings  he  naturally  leans  very  strongly  to  religious 
subjects,  although  he  is  very  fond  of  the  historical  as  well. 
He  has  not  been  a settled  pastor  since  1S67,  but  is,  never- 
theless, a constant  preacher.  He  has  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.  M.  from  Bethany  College,  West  Virginia,  and 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts.  No  State  outside  of  New 
England  is  more  famed  for  its  institutions  of  learning  than 
Ohio,  and  Professor  Hinsdale,  although  a comparatively 
young  man,  holds  a high  rank  among  the  instructors  of 
youth.  He  is  a man  of  commanding  appearance,  approach- 
ing six  feet  in  height,  with  a well-built  frame  to  support  a 
powerful  intellect,  that  is  ever  active  in  promoting  some 
idea  with  voice  or  pen. 

OHNS,  D.VNIEL  JAY,  Physician,  was  born,  March 
1 8th,  1797,  in  West  Stockbridge,  Berkshire  county, 
Massachusetts,  and  was  educated  at  Salisbury, 
, ^ , Connecticut.  Having  selected  medicine  as  his 
future  profession,  he  studied  that  science  in  the 
medical  department  of  Yale  College,  and,  after  a 
careful  examination  by  the  professors  and  trustees  of  the 
institution,  received  in  1818  a license  to  practise  as  a physi- 
cian and  surgeon.  This  date  was  prior  to  the  passage  of 
the  law  which  afterwards  required  the  regular  graduate  to 
receive  a diploma.  In  the  summer  of  the  same  year  he 
removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  at  Wellington,  a town  which 
then  existed  only  in  name,  and  in  which  locality  he  has 
ever  since  resided.  He  practised  medicine  among  the  early 
settlers  as  well  as  among  the  aborigines.  One  of  the  latter 
was  Captain  Williams,  a half-breed,  who  had  carried  orders 
from  General  (afterwards  President)  Harrison  to  Crown  at 
•Sandusky ; this  Williams  was  tfie  son  of  a daughter  of  Par- 
son Williams,  who  had  been  stolen  by  the  Indians  during 
the  French  war.  His  practice  extended  throughout  the 
then  county  of  Medina  (now  Lorain  and  Medina)  more 
than  twenty  miles  in  all  directions  from  his  home  in  Well- 
ington, and  there  was  but  another  professional  associate  in 
all  that  territory,  so  sparse  was  the  population.  He  was 
actively  engaged  for  over  forty  years.  He  is  now  nearly 
fourscore  years  of  age,  but  retains  his  health  remarkably 
well.  Some  time  ago  he  had  an  arm  broken  by  the  fall  of 
a limb,  and  it  remained  paralyzed  for  the  period  of  two 
years,  but  he  has  since  regained  its  use.  His  political  pro- 
clivities inclined  him  to  vote  the  Democratic  ticket,  but 
after  the  election  of  General  Jackson  to  the  Presidency  he 
became  a Whig ; and  since  the  dissolution  of  the  latter  party 


has  adhered  to  the  Republican  organization.  He  was  elected 
a Magistrate,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for  two  terms.  In 
1838  he  was  appointed  Associate  Judge,  and  was  on  the 
bench  for  seven  years.  In  1851  he  was  General  Agent  of 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  & Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  re- 
mained in  that  office  until  the  completion  of  the  road.  In 
token  of  the  valuable  services  he  rendered  that  company, 
and  as  a mark  of  their  appreciation  of  his  efforts  in  their 
behalf,  he  was  tendered  by  them  a free  pass  over  the  line 
during  life.  He  was  married  in  1823  to  Mary  Wadsworth; 
she  died  in  1870,  leaving  a numerous  family. 


'SLER,  GUSTAVE,  Manufacturer,  of  Cincinnati, 
was  born  at  Hultschim,  Prussia,  April  22d,  1816. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  as  a lithographer, 
and  for  many  years  carried  on  quite  extensively 
the  lithographic  business  in  the  old  country.  But 
desiring  a new  and  freer  field,  and  being  con- 
cerned, unfavorably  to  the  reigning  family,  with  the  Prussian 
domestic  troubles  of  that  time,  he  determined  to  come  to  the 
United  States,  and  accordingly  landed  in  New  York  with  his 
family  July  3d,  1849.  In  New  York  he  learned  cigar- 
making. This  he  followed  for  some  time  after  locating  in 
Cincinnati,  to  which  city  he  removed  in  1851.  In  1S53,  in 
addition  to  the  manufacturing  of  cigars,  he  began  the  litho- 
grn]5hic  business.  These  two  he  carried  on  quite  largely 
until  the  monetary  crisis  in  1857,  when  he  was  compelled, 
under  the  pressure  of  the  times,  to  turn  his  attention  into  a 
new  channel.  And  now  commencing  the  world  anew,  as 
when  he  first  landed  in  America,  so  far  as  everything  but  a 
large  and  favorable  friendship  was  concerned,  he  in  the 
same  year  became  business  manager  of  the  old  German 
paper,  Jloclnuachter.  In  1859,  in  connection  wdth  several 
workmen  of  different  safe  manufactories,  he  organized  the 
Diebold,  Bahmann  & Co.  Safe  Manufactory.  In  1865  he 
established  the  Mosler,  Moorman  & Co.  Mantel  and  Grate 
Works.  And  shortly  after  this,  with  Mr.  F'rederick  Bah- 
mann, he  established  the  Mosler,  Bahmann  & Co.  Fire  and 
Burglar-Proof  .Safe  Manufactory.  He  was  President  of  the 
company  during  his  life,  and  lived  to  see  it  one  of  the  most 
flourishing  manufacturing  establishments  of  the  country.  A 
member  of  seven  different  social  orders,  he  filled  in  them 
some  of  the  highest  and  most  responsible  positions.  His 
w'ife  was  .Sophia  Wiener.  They  had  eight  children,  five 
sons  and  three  daughters.  Mr.  Mosler  was  one  of  the  most 
unwearyingly  active  business  men  of  Cincinnati.  In  all  his 
adventures  he  was  not  probably  successful,  in  the  popular 
sense  of  the  term,  but  in  all  of  them  he  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  leaving  an  honorable  reputation.  He  died  Sep- 
tember 28th,  1874.  One  of  his  sons  is  Herr  Henry  Mosler, 
the  artist,  now  resident  at  Munich,  the  old  art  capital  of 
Germany.  This  young  artist  has  already  a world-wide  re])U- 
tation.  In  the  night  schools  of  Cincinnati  he  began  his 


270 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


education.  For  many  years  his  day  hours  were  spent  in  the 
tobacco  factory,  and  his  spare  moments  at  all  times  with 
James  Beard  and  his  own  easel.  Two  years  during  the  war 
of  the  rebellion  he  was  sketch  correspondent  of  IJarpets’ 
lVee/.:fy,  and  Aide-de-Camp  to  General  Nelson  and  Briga- 
dier-General Johnston  of  Indiana.  One  of  his  most  popular 
productions  is  the  famous  “ Lost  Cause,”  which  established 
his  reputation  as  one  of  the  first  of  American  artists. 
Many  others  of  his  works  have  been  placed  among  the  best 
American  productions  of  art,  and  have  brought  European 
prices.  He  is  married  to  Sarah  Cahn,  sister  of  D.  Calm, 
once  proprietor  of  the  Gibson  House,  and  has  two  children. 
Mr.  Max  Mosler,  brother  of  the  artist,  now  fills  his  father’s 
place  in  the  manufactory,  and  is  President  of  the  company. 
Like  the  artist  brother,  he  began  his  business  career  in  a 
tobacco  factory.  Before  and  during  the  war  these  brothers 
carried  on  quite  an  extensive  cigar  manufactory.  But  this 
business  not  proving  desirable,  he  finally  entirely  abandoned 
it.  In  1862  Max  entered  the  army  as  Lieutenant  in  the 
loSth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  After  one  year’s  service, 
he  was  compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  bad  health. 
When  his  father  organized  the  safe  works  in  1869,  he  en- 
tered his  employ  as  general  agent  for  the  company ; which 
position  he  filled  until  in  1874,  when  he  took  the  place  he 
now  holds.  He  has  m.ade  several  trips  to  Europe,  and 
travelled  over  the  greater  part  of  that  continent.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  thorough-going  and  accomplished  young  busi- 
ness men  of  Cincinnati,  and  recently  the  entire  management 
of  the  vast  business  of  the  firm  of  which  he  is  member  has 
devolved  upon  him.  From  the  smallest  beginning  this  house 
has  arisen  to  vast  proportions,  employing  several  hundred 
workmen,  and  sending  out  yearly  to  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada  thousands  of  their  fine  safes.  The  oldest 
member  of  the  firm  now  is  Mr.  Frederick  Bahmann,  an  old 
safe  manufacturer,  who  was  born  in  .Saxony,  Germany,  in 
1820,  and  early  emigrated  to  this  country.  He  soon  after 
located  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  lived  a successful  and 
honorable  career.  A few  years  ago  he  met  with  the  great 
misfortune  of  losing  one  of  his  legs,  at  which  time  his  active 
connection  with  the  house  ceased. 


- - 

c 


d 

I 


WILLIAM  COOK,  Editor  and  Gr.and 
Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  was  born  at 
Kendall,  now  Massillon,  .Stark  county,  Ohio, 
May  23d,  1817,  and  is  a son  of  Gilberthorp  and 
Sarah  Earl,  both  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of 
English  descent.  His  youth  w.as  passed  on  a farm  until  he 
reached  his  seventeenth  birthday,  atid  during  the  winter 
seasons  he  attended  school  in  the  primitive  structures  of 
.those  days.  After  leaving  the  farm  he  became  a clerk,  and 
afterwards  a partner  in  a store,  remainitig  there  altogether 
about  ten  years.  He  next  engaged  in  the  milling  and  manu- 


[ facturing  business,  which  he  followed  for  several  years.  On 
leaving  this  occupation  he  became  editor  of  the  Massillon 
A’tnos,  which  he  cotiducted  successfully  for  three  years,  and 
then  accepted  the  position  of  Freight  and  Ticket  Agent  at 
I Massillon  for  the  then  .Ohio  & Pennsylvania,  now  the  Pitts- 
burgh, P'ort  W’ayne  & Chicago  Railway.  He  remained  in 
^ that  connection  two  years,  and  left  it  to  accept  the  post  of 
j General  Freight  and  Ticket  Agent  on  the  recently  completed 
extension  of  that  road  from  Crestline  to  Fort  Wayne,  then 
i known  as  the  Ohio  & Indiana  Railroad.  On  retiring  from 
j that  position  he  removed  to  Toledo,  where  he  edited  for 
j some  time  the  Daily  Toledo  Blade,  which  he  relinquished 
to  assume  the  duties  of  the  office  he  has  filled  for  the  past 
I fifteen  years — that  of  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Odd  Fellows  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  In  1850  he  was  Grand 
I Master  of  the  same  jurisdiction,  and  for  eight  years  has  been 
its  representative  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  United  States. 
He  has  been  for  a number  of  years  President  of  the  Toledo 
Agricultural  Works.  In  political  matters  he  was  formerly 
an  old- line  Whig,  and  since  the  organization  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  he  has  been  an  active  and  zealous  member  of  the 
same.  He  has  never  sought  political  office,  being  content 
with  the  occupations  and  positions  he  has  held  in  private 
life.  He  served  for  seven  years  as  Canal  Collector;  was  a 
Trustee  of  the  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum  for  ten  years,  being 
.appointed  by  three  different  Governors;  and  is  now, by  elec- 
tion, a member  of  the  Police  Board  of  the  city  of  Toledo. 
He  was  married,  January  30th,  1843,  Rev.  John  Swan, 
at  Massillon,  to  Harriet  T.  Wheeler,  formerly  of  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire,  and  who  is  still  living.  His  family  con- 
sists of  four  sons,  all  of  whom  have  now  grown  to  manhood. 


OHNSON,  HON.  W.  W.,  Lawyer,  Banker  and 
Jurist,  was  born,  August  17th,  1826,  in  Muskingum 
county,  Ohio.  His  father  removed  from  Litch- 
field county,  Connecticut,  and  his  mother  from 
Brooke  county,  Virginia,  in  1800,  and  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  eastern  Ohio.  Their  .son 
was  reared  in  the  country,  having  the  advantages  and  sub- 
ject to  the  usual  incidents  of  life  on  a new  farm,  engaged  in 
clearing  and  cultivating  it,  and  attending  the  log  school- 
house  in  the  winters.  Being  ambitious  of  mental  culture, 
he  devoted  all  of  his  leisure  moments  to  the  improvement 
of  his  mind ; endowed  wdth  studious  habits,  he  passed  his 
evenings  and  rainy  days  in  study  and  reading,  and  later  in 
life  taught  school  in  winter  for  some  five  years.  In  1849 
he  studied  mathematics  for  one  session  at  Muskingum  Col- 
lege ; and  in  April,  1850,  commenced  reading  law  in  Cincin- 
nati, under  the  preceptorship  of  the  late  Judge  Parker.  He 
remained  with  him  only  three  months,  finishing  his  course 
in  the  office  of  Judge  Con  vers,  ot  Zanesville,  a man  pre-emi- 
nent in  that  part  of  the  State  for  his  great  learning  in  the 
law,  of  which  he  gave  his  students  the  benefit,  inspiring 


>v 

If 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


271 


them  with  a portion  of  his  own  zeal  for  the  profession.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September,  1S52,  by  Judges 
Ranney,  Stillwell,  Jewett,  and  Alexander,  who  examined 
him  in  person,  without  the  usual  form  of  appointing  a com- 
mittee. In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  located  in 
Ironton,  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. Filled  with  an  honorable  emulation,  with  a fair 
field  before  him,  it  was  not  long  before  he  became  known 
as  a rising  man  in  his  profession.  In  1858  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  second  subdivision  of  the  Seventh  Judicial 
District,  and  was  twice  re-elected.  With  an  interval  of 
two  years  at  the  bar,  he  continued  on  the  bench  until  1873, 
when  he  resigned  to  try  the  benefits  of  a change  for  his 
health.  In  1874  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican 
Convention  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  Supreme  Court  occa- 
sioned by  the  resignation  of  the  late  Judge  Stone.  The 
nomination  was  by  acclamation  and  a marked  testimonial 
to  his  standing  as  a Judge.  After  his  resignation,  above 
referred  to,  he  took  charge  of  the  Second  National  Bank  of 
Ironton,  where  he  continued  until  February,  1876,  when 
he  accepted  the  appointment  tendered  him  by  Governor 
Ilayes,  as  one  of  the  Supreme  Court  Commission — under 
the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  State — to  dispose 
of  the  accumulated  docket  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  the 
community  where  he  resides  he  enjoys  the  entire  confidence 
of  all  who  know  him,  regardless  of  party  or  condition,  as 
one  of  the  purest  of  men,  reliable  in  every  respect,  though 
modest  and  retiring,  passing  for  less  than  his  real  worth — a 
man  of  great  and  substantial  attainments.  He  was  married 
in  1854  to  Eila,  daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Blocksom,  of 
Zanesville,  Ohio. 

HERIDAN,  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL 
PHILIP  HENRY,  was  born  in  the  village  of 
Somerset,  Perry  county,  Ohio,  March  6th,  1831. 
His  parents  were  recent  emigrants  from  county 
Cavan,  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  were  devout 
Catholics.  He  was  scrupulously  reared  in  this 
faith.  About  his  native  village  there  had  long  been  gather- 
ing a Catholic  population,  and  the  “ Church  of  St.  Joseph  ” 
there  was  noted  as  one  of  the  oldest  houses  of  worship  in 
the  State.  He  received  the  usual  advantages  of  the  rural 
schools,  and  when  old  enough  to  help  in  the  support  of  the 
family,  he  was  placed  as  store  clerk  with  a Mr.  Talbot,  a 
small  hardware  dealer,  where  he  remained  for  some  time. 
His  employer,  taking  an  interest  in  him,  taught  him  mathe- 
matics and  encouraged  him  to  study  history.  The  boy  was 
intelligent,  active,  and  faithful.  An  opportunity  to  do 
better  being  offered,  he  entered  the  service  of  a Mr.  Henry 
Dutton,  also  as  a store  clerk.  Meantime  his  studies  in 
mathematics  and  history  were  progressing  with  success,  and 
he  began  to  aspire  to  something  better  than  the  life  of  a 
clerk  in  a country  store.  There  was  quite  a pressure  being 
brought  upon  General  Thomas  Ritchey  for  the  appointment 


to  a vacancy  at  West  Point,  and  he  tells  this  story ; “At  last 
there  came  a letter  accompanied  by  no  testimonials,  no  in- 
fluential recommendations  or  appeals  from  wealthy  parents. 
It  simply  asked  that  the  place  might  be  given  to  the  writer, 
and  was  signed  ‘ Phil.  Sheridan.’  The  boy  needed  no 
recommendation,  for  I knew  him  and  his  father  before  him, 
and  I appointed  him  at  once.”  When  the  future  general 
entered  West  Point  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  and  he 
found  himself  in  the  same  class  with  James  B.  McPherson, 
afterwards  general,  and  who  met  his  death  in  the  late  war. 
Among  his  other  classmates  were  Schofield,  Terrell,  Tyler> 
Sill,  and  the  rebel  General  Hood.  His  high  animal  spirits 
made  his  career  at  West  Point  a troublesome  one  for  his 
preceptors,  and  though  above  the  average,  he  was  not  high 
in  his  recitations  because  of  his  frequent  appearance  in  the 
column  of  demerits.  He  was  continually  transgressing  the 
rules,  and  on  one  occasion  flogged  a classmate  for  an 
alleged  insult.  F'or  this  he  was  compelled  to  stay  an  addi- 
tional year  at  the  academy.  This  little  incident  explains 
why,  though  the  date  of  his  admission  was  in  the  year  1848, 
he  was  not  admitted  to  the  service  till  1853.  His  suspen- 
sion had  thrown  him  over  into  the  class  succeeding  that  in 
which  he  should  have  graduated.  When  in  his  twenty- 
third  year,  having  finished  his  course,  he  was  assigned  to 
the  1st  Infantry  as  Brevet  Second  Lieutenant,  and  was  soon 
promoted  to  a full  Second  Lieutenancy  in  the  4th  Infantiy. 
His  first  service  was  on  the  Texas  frontier  against  the  In- 
dians. One  story  of  the  way  his  promotion  was  brought 
about  is  as  follows : 


“ Lieutenant  Sheridan  had  ere  long  to  try  his  powers 
with  the  Apache  warriors.  One  day  he  was  outside  the 
fort  with  two  others,  when  a band  of  those  savages  sud- 
denly sprang  upon  them.  The  chief,  not  dreaming  of 
resistance  from  three  men  amid  several  times  their  number, 
leaped  from  his  ‘ fiery  mustang’  to  seize  his  ])risoners.  In 
an  instant  Sheridan  was  on  the  back  of  the  wild  charger 
and  galloping  away  to  F'ort  Duncan.  He  summoned  the 
troops  to  arms,  seized  his  pistols  without  dismounting,  and 
hastened  back  like  a flying  warrior  to  the  aid  of  the  two 
companions  who  were  heroically  fighting  for  life.  Dashing 
up  to  the  enraged  chief,  he  levelled  a pistol  at  his  head, 
‘ crack  ’ went  the  little  weapon,  and,  with  a mad  leap  into 
the  air,  the  Indian  fell  dead  at  the  feet  of  the  Lieutenant’s 
horse.  The  soldiers  that  followed  him  then  came  up,  and 
the  just  now  exulting  band  was  ridden  down  and  most  of 
the  number  killed.  The  valiant  deed,  however,  won  no 
commendation  from  the  commandant  of  the  fort,  who 
seemed  to  have  a .Southern  prejudice  against  the  ‘ Western 
boy.’  The  irritated,  jealous  ofiicer  charged  his  lieutenant 
with  breach  of  discipline  because  he  was  aw'ay  from  his 
command.  That  commander  was  a Confederate  general  in 
the  late  civil  war.  For  two  years  Sheridan  was  thus  em- 
])loyed  in  the  defence  of  the  Southern  frontier;  at  one  time 
leading  a company  of  soldiers  to  a threatened  settlement, 
and  at  another  cautiously  making  explorations,  not  knowing 
where  the  stealthy  savage  would  rise  from  ambush,  or  fire 
his  weapon  from  its  unknown  seclusion.  But  the  unfor- 
tunate displeasure  of  his  superior  officer,  and  the  collisions 
attending,  induced  Sheridan  to  seek  a different  ])ost  of  duty. 
Accordingly  the  War  Department,  in  the  spring  of  1855, 


272 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


created  him  a full  Lieutenant  in  the  4th  Infantry,  then  in 
Oregon.” 

Until  the  opening  of  the  war,  with  only  a brief  interval, 
he  was  on  the  frontier  in  active  service.  In  1855  he  com- 
manded the  escort  of  an  exploring  party  through  Oregon, 
seeking  a route  for  a branch  of  the  Pacific  Railroad.  The 
following  year  he  behaved  so  gallantly  in  a fight  with  the 
Yokimas,  near  P'ort  Vancouver,  as  to  receive  special  men- 
tion in  general  orders.  He  had  command  of  the  Yokima 
reservation  in  1857,  and  his  admirable  control  of  affairs 
elicited  praise  from  General  Scott.  He  soon  after  estab- 
lished a military  post  at  Yamhill,  and  concluded  an  advan- 
tageous treaty  with  the  Coquillo  Indians.  He  had  become 
a daring  Indian  fighter,  well  versed  in  their  mode  of  war- 
fare, but  never  provoking  them,  and  always  ready  to  pre- 
serve the  peace.  At  last  he  was  rewarded  with  a Captain’s 
commission  in  the  13th  Infantry,  and  with  it  news  came  of 
the  threatenings  of  civil  war.  This  suited  his  combative 
nature.  “ If  they  will  fight  us,”  he  wrote  to  a friend  in 
“ the  States,”  “let  them  know  we  accept  the  challenge.” 
And  he  added,  with  an  ambition  rather  dwarfish  in  view 
of  what  he  afteiwvards  attained:  “ Who  knows?  Perhaps  I 
may  have  a chance  to  earn  a Major’s  commission.”  The 
war  cloud  broke  over  the  land,  and  he  was  ordered  to 
report  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri.  He  arrived  at  the 
timeP'remont  had  been  removed,  and  was  made  President 
of  the  Board  to  audit  the  claims  under  his  administration. 
This  w'as  very  dull  routine  for  so  impatient  and  active  a 
soldier,  but  he  did  the  w’ork  satisfactorily,  and  he  was  made 
Quartermaster  and  Commissary  under  Curtis.  He  W'orked 
faithfully  in  his  new  duties,  and  felt  that  he  w'as  being 
rapidly  advanced,  seeing  that  he  was  sixty-fourth  on  the 
list  of  Captains.  Having  displeased  his  commanding  gen- 
eral by  criticising  his  mode  of  conducting  the  affairs  of  the 
Quartermaster’s  Department,  after  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge 
he  was  sent  to  St.  Louis  under  arrest.  This  affair  w'as 
satisfactorily  settled,  and  he  was  sent  to  Wisconsin  to  buy 
horses — a rather  slow  mission  for  the  gallant  cavalryman, 
but  he  was  no  doubt  a good  judge  of  horses!  ^Meanwhile 
the  cavalry  arm  of  the  service  vvas  in  a very  incomplete 
state,  and  Halleck,  knowing  his  mettle,  ordered  him  to 
report  at  Corinth,  where  he  did  staff  duty.  Pittsburgh 
Landing  had  just  been  fought.  Bushwhacking  had  become 
an  important  feature  in  the  rebel  mode  of  warfare,  and  the 
daring  raids  of  these  men  needed  a counter-irritant.  Sheri- 
dan was  made  Colonel  of  the  2d  Michigan,  and  soon  after 
started  toward  Booneville  on  his  first  raid.  His  reckless 
daring  at  once  manifested  itself,  and  a second  regiment  wms 
added  to  his  command.  He  made  a dash  after  the  guerilla 
P'orrest,  and  was  so  successful  in  it  that  he  w’as  formally 
made  commander  of  a cavalry  brigade  and  sent  to  Boone- 
ville, tw'enty  miles  in  front  of  the  army.  Here  the  memor- 
able battle  of  Booneville  occurred.  On  the  ist  of  July, 
1862,  a rebel  force  numbering  between  four  and  five  thou- 


sand attacked  his  force  of  two  regiments.  He  retreated 
slowly,  but  kept  up  a continuous  fire.  The  day  was  going 
against  him,  but  he  determined  to  hazard  a bold  move  to 
regain  it.  Selecting  a body  of  reliable  men,  about  a hun- 
dred in  all,  he  sent  them  by  a circuitous  route  to  the  rear 
of  the  rebels.  In  the  meantime  the  main  body  fought 
desperately.  Suddenly  the  enemy  w’ere  startled  by  the 
crack  of  carbines  in  the  rear,  and  in  their  bewdlderment  they 
thought  a whole  brigade  had  come  to  the  rescue.  Amid 
this  confusion  Sheridan  made  an  impetuous  charge,  and  the 
day  was  his,  the  enemy  fleeing  in  great  disorder.  This  gal- 
lant fight  made  his  name  famous,  and  his  bravery  brought 
him  a Brigadier-General’s  commission,  to  date  from  the  day 
of  the  hard-fought  battle  and  victory.  But  after  his  promo- 
tion he  was  detailed  to  an  infantry  command,  and  kept  for 
a considerable  time  away  from  the  field  of  service  for  which 
he  was  so  peculiarly  fitted.  In  a letter  written  since  the 
war  he  says  : 

“It  has  been  said  that  I was  ‘lucky’  during  the  rebel- 
lion in  the  success  which  attended  me;  but  whether  I was 
or  not,  I believe  there  was  no  general  officer  in  the  service 
who  was  subjected  to  harder  tests.  I was  not  only  changed 
from  one  arm  of  the  service  to  another,  but  was  constantly 
being  changed  from  one  line  of  operations  to  another,  each 
involving  new  geographical  and  topographical  study,  the 
necessity  of  overcoming  the  local  prejudices  of  soldiers  of 
different  armies,  and  the  old  and  bitter  prejudices  between 
infantry  and  cavalry.” 

Still,  in  spite  of  these  drawbacks,  he  had  made  rapid 
progress.  Bragg  was  threatening  Louisville  at  the  time  of 
his  arrival  in  Kentucky,  and  Buell  was  hurrying  to  head 
him  off.  He  put  the  city  in  a position  for  defence.  Join- 
ing Buell’s  army  on  its  arrival,  he  did  good  service  in  the 
pursuit  of  Bragg,  which  ended  at  Perryville.  ^Yhen  Rose- 
crans  assumed  command,  he  was  transferred  to  McCook’s 
wing  of  the  army — the  right.  He  behaved  with  great 
gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  and  bore  off  the 
honors  with  Rosecrans.  A Major-General’s  commission 
dated  from  this  battle.  He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Chick- 
amauga,  one  of  the  bloodiest  of  the  war,  but  his  conduct 
was  not  so  conspicuous  as  at  Stone  River.  He  nevertheless 
behaved  with  great  courage  and  was  effective  in  his  move- 
ments. After  the  removal  of  Rosecrans  his  command  was 
considerably  enlarged.  The  storming  of  Mission  Ridge  was 
one  of  the  most  brilliant  military  assaults  recorded  in  his- 
tory. In  leading  the  charge  he  had  a horse  shot  under 
him,  and  five  shots  penetrated  difl'erent  parts  of  his  uniform, 
but  he  came  out  without  a scratch.  His  bravery  on  this 
occasion  amounted  almost  to  rashness.  He  was  ever  in  the 
thickest  of  the  fight  and  cheering  his  men.  Soon  after  this 
battle  Grant  applied  for  his  transfer  to  the  East.  He  was 
made  Chief  of  Cavalry  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  A few 
weeks  later  he  was  covering  the  flank  of  the  army  as  it 
moved  upon  the  wilderness.  The  year  that  followed 
brought  him  to  the  very  pinnacle  of  fame.  He  had  sent  to 
the  War  Department  during  that  time  two  hundred  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


273 


five  battle-flags  captured  in  open  fight,  and  about  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  field-pieces.  His  command  fought 
seventy-si.x  battles  in  eleven  months,  all  but  thirteen  of 
which  were  under  his  personal  supervision.  The  story  of 
these  battles  form  the  greater  part  of  the  history  of  the 
cavalry  operations  of  the  war.  He  has  been  censured  for 
the  devastation  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  but  not  from 
official  sources.  He  thoroughly  believed  in  making  a waste 
of  the  enemy’s  country,  to  bring  them  the  quicker  to  terms, 
and  thus  hastening  the  war  to  a close;  though  to  his  credit 
be  it  said  he  permitted  no  outrages  in  occupied  territory, 
and  was  quick  to  punish  transgressors  when  found.  His 
memorable  exploits  in  the  valley  are  some  of  the  most  bril- 
liant pages  in  military  history,  and  “ Sheridan’s  Ride  ” was 
the  theme  of  a distinguished  poet.  During  his  service  here 
he  was  made  a Brigadier-General  of  the  regular  army,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  created  by  the  death  of  his  old  classmate 
McPherson.  The  country  was  excited  to  the  highest  pitch 
of  admiration  over  his  successes.  The  rebels,  under  Long- 
street  and  Early,  made  one  more  desperate  effort  to  crush 
him,  and  this  led  to  his  memorable  “ Ride  ” from  Win- 
chester. He  had  been  called  to  Washington  on  October 
13th,  1864,  for  a military  consultation.  The  oft-beaten 
rebels  m.assed  their  troops  and  began  a stealthy  march  from 
Fisher’s  Hill.  The  full  details  of  the  march  and  attack 
cannot  be  given  here.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  a largely  in- 
creased force  of  rebels  suddenly  attacked  the  Union  army, 
and  sent  them  flying  in  retreat  to  Winchester.  Sheridan 
had  returned  from  Washington  during  the  night,  had  made 
an  early  breakfast,  and  was  riding  through  Winchester.  A 
mile  from  the  town  he  met  the  first  fugitives.  Instantly 
grasping  the  situation,  he  gave  his  orders  quickly,  and 
started  at  once  for  the  scene  of  danger.  He  had  no  word 
of  reproach  for  those  he  met,  but  cheered  and  encouraged 
them  to  return  and  fight  their  pursuers.  “ Face  the  other 
way,  boys;  face  the  other  way!  W^e  are  going  to  lick 
them  out  of  their  boots  ! ” And  they  did  “ face  the  other 
way.”  Cheered  by  the  presence  of  their  brave  commander, 
they  reformed  in  line  of  battle.  He  did  not  even  assume 
the  defensive,  but  turned  the  tide  of  battle  into  the  most 
brilliant  victory  of  his  military  career.  The  effect  upon  the 
countiy  was  electric.  Within  sight  of  Richmond  Grant 
fired  one  hundred  guns  in  honor  of  the  victory.  The  resig- 
nation of  McClellan  made  a vacant  Major-Generalship  in 
the  regular  army.  He  was  given  the  commission.  The 
General  now  began  to  co-operate  more  closely  with  Grant 
and  Sherman  in  the  encircling  of  Richmond.  He  harassed 
the  enemy  at  the  most  unexpected  points.  He  was  active, 
relentless,  aggressive — always  within  sight  of  the  foe.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  transferred  to  the  Southwest. 
All  became  peace  there  with  bis  appearance.  His  connec- 
tion with  the  “reconstruction”  troubles  has  been  the  sub- 
ject of  much  criticism,  but  he  certainly  brought  order  and 
quiet  wherever  he  was  detailed  for  that  purpose.  After  a 
long  and  varied  career  in  the  South,  President  Johnson, 

35 


who  never  liked  his  summary  mode  of  dealing  with  the 
rebel  element,  removed  him  to  the  frontier.  The  General 
of  the  Army  protested,  but  it  was  of  no  avail.  In  his  old 
role  of  an  Indian  fighter  he  was  perfectly  at  home.  W’hen 
his  old  commander  and  warm  personal  friend  was  elected. 
Pj'esident,  Lieutenant-General  Sherman  succeeded  him  as 
General  of  the  Army,  and  the  dashing  cavalryman  donned 
the  latter’s  epaulettes.  He  is  the  most  active  of  the  high- 
grade  officers  of  the  regular  army,  and  the  authorities 
despatch  him  wherever  danger  threatens.  He  has  a quick 
way  of  dealing  with  turbulent  bodies,  and  even  warm 
friends  of  the  administration  thought  him  unnecessarily 
severe  in  branding  the  Louisiana  Legislature  as  “banditti,” 
when  called  to  that  State  recently  to  preserve  order.  In 
person  General  Sheridan  is  short,  stout,  with  a deep  chest. 
His  military  presence  is  the  most  striking  when  on  horse- 
back. He  is  popular  with  his  officers,  and  especially  so  in 
society.  He  was  married  in  1875. 


RIMBLE,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  United  States  Army,  and  United  States 
Senator  from  Ohio.  The  memorable  conflict 
called  the  Second  War  of  American  Independ- 
ence brought  to  the  front  many  a gallant  and 
patriotic  citizen  soldier,  who  confronted  the 
trained  and  haughty  Briton  on  many  a sanguinary  battle- 
field from  Niagara  and  the  Canadian  frontier  to  the  shores 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Potomac,  culminating  at  New 
Orleans  in  General  Jackson’s  signal  triumph  of  the  8lh  Jan- 
uary, 1815.  Conspicuous  among  the  gallant  and  heroic 
men  of  Ohio,  Hillsborough  is  proud  of  the  militaiy  fame 
and  public  services  of  Wdliam  Allen  Trimble,  whose  early 
years  were  identified  with  the  primal  settlement  of  High- 
land county.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Captain  James 
Trimble,  a soldier  of  the  Virginia  line  in  1776,  who,  after 
the  Revolutionary  war,  removed  to  Kentucky  and  settled  in 
Woodford  county  in  1783.  His  son  William  received  a 
liberal  education  at  Transylvania  College,  Lexington,  and 
commenced  the  study  of  law  at  Paris,  Kentucky,  under  the 
late  Judge  Robert  Trimble,  United  States  Supreme  Court, 
then  a leading  lawyer  of  Kentucky.  His  father  having 
died  in  1S04,  the  family  removed  to  Highland  county,  Ohio, 
the  next  year,  1805,  under  the  auspices  of  his  eldest 
brother,  Allen  Trimble,  late  Governor  of  Ohio.  In  1807 
he  came  to  Ohio  and  assisted  his  brothers  in  opening  up  a 
farm  near  Hillsborough,  and  the  next  year  repaired  to 
Chillicothe,  the  capital  of  Ohio,  and  entered  the  law  office 
of  Hon.  W.  H.  Creighton,  member  of  Congress  from  that 
district.  In  the  summer  of  1810  he  accepted  the  situation 
of  an  assistant  in  a large  and  popular  boarding  school  under 
the  control  of  a Swiss  gentleman.  Major  Joseph  Neef,  at  the 
Falls  of  Schuylkill,  near  Philadelphia.  Two  of  his  younger 
brothers — Cary  A.,  aged  fifteen,  and  John  A.,  aged  nine — 


274 


BIOGRAPHICAL  PINCYCLOP.EDIA. 


accompanied  him,  crossing  the  mountains  in  a strong  single 
gig,  constructed  for  the  rmigh  and  fatiguing  journey  of  five 
hundred  miles.  He  remained  one  year  with  Mr.  Neef,  and 
visited  Litchlield,  Connecticut,  to  complete  his  studies  at 
that  celebrated  law  school,  under  Judge  Story.  He  there 
met  the  late  Judge  Bellamy  Storer,  of  Ohio,  as  a classmate. 
Returning  to  Ohio  in  the  winter  of  i8ii,  he  opened  a law 
office  in  Hillsborough,  and  prepared  to  enter  upon  his  pro- 
fession with  flattering  prospects.  But  another  sphere 
awaited  him.  The  thrilling  and  stirring  news  of  war  with 
England  reached  him  by  messenger  midway  between 
Hillsborough  and  West  Union,  in  the  adjoining  county, 
whither  he  was  going  to  attend  the  first  court  after  his  ad- 
mission to  the  bar.  The  herald  was  a fast  rider,  with  an 
order  from  General  McCarthurs  calling  on  Highland  county 
for  a quota  of  one  hundred  volunteers.  The  young  lawyer 
forgot  his  cherished  profession,  and  turning  his  horse  home- 
avards,  his  maiden  speech  was  made  the  ne.xt  day  in  the 
public  square  of  Hillsborough,  to  the  citizen  soldiers  of 
Higliland,  who  had  rallied  to  the  call  of  their  country.  In 
a few  days  two  full  companies  of  one  hundred  men  each 
were  mustered  into  service  and  marched  to  head-quarters  at 
Dayton,  under  the  command  of  Captains  John  Jones  and 
George  W.  Barrere.  Mr.  Trimble  entered  the  company  of 
Jones  as  a private,  and  upon  the  organization  of  McCarthurs’ 
r?giment  was  chosen  MajQr.  That  little  army,  of  the  4th 
United  States  Infantry,  with  the  brigade  of  General  Find- 
lay, took  up  its  toilsome  and  laborious  march  through  a 
dense  and  impenetrable  forest  of  four  hundred  miles  through 
Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  shared  the  inglorious  fortunes  of 
Hull  in  his  cowardly  surrender  of  four  thousand  men  to 
General  Brock,  at  Detroit.  As  a prisoner  of  war  Major 
Trimble  was  paroled  and  returned  to  Ohio.  Ordered  to 
attend  the  court-martial  for  the  trial  of  General  Hull,  at 
Albany,  New  York,  he  returned  via  Washington  city,  and, 
soliciting  it,  procured  the  appointment  of  Major  for  the 
26th  Infantry,  to  be  recruited  in  Ohio.  His  young  brother, 
C.  A.  Trimble,  a youth  of  seventeen,  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Lieutenant  in  the  same  regiment.  In  the  spring 
of  1813  he  was  superintending  the  recruiting  department, 
while  General  • Harrison  was  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  making 
active  preparadons  for  a campaign  to  recover  Detroit  and 
wipe  out  the  stain  of  General  Hull’s  surrender.  Major 
Trimble  was  not  yet  e.\changed  as  a prisoner,  and  was  not 
eligible  to  active  duties  in  the  field  against  the  British. 
H e waited  upon  General  Harrison,  at  Dayton,  and  pro- 
cured a commission  of  Colonel  for  his  brother,  Allen 
Trimble,  to  raise  a b.attalion  of  five  hundred  mounted  men, 
armed  and  equipped  for  the  relief  of  Fort  Wayne,  on  the 
Maumee,  then  beleaguered  by  the  hostile  Indians  under 
Tecumseh.  The  stipulation  w'as  that  this  force  should  be 
mustered  at  Dayton  in  ten  days.  Major  Trimble  gave  the 
pledge,  and  riding  all  night,  fifty  miles,  to  Hillsborough, 
handed  his  brother  the  commission  and  instructions  from 
Gneral  Harrison.  They  took  the  field,  travelling  through 


Highland  and  Adams  counties,  and  two  battalions  of  five 
hundred  men  responded  to  the  call  ami  marched  to  Dayton 
within  the  time.  The  late  Judge  John  W.  Campbell,  then 
a young  lawyer  of  West  Union,  took  an  active  part  in  en- 
rolling the  troops  from  Adams  county.  These  troops,  under 
command  of  Coionel  Allen  Trimble,  Major  Massna,  and 
Major  Trimble,  of  the  26th,  as  volunteer  Adjutant  of  the 
regiment,  marched  to  Fort  Wayne  and  dispersed  the  Indians 
from  their  towns  on  the  Mississinewa  river,  thus  opening 
and  protecting  the  march  of  Harrison  to  Fort  Meigs.  It 
was  a patriotic  and  Spartan  sentiment  which  inspired  this 
gallant  expedition,  and  is  a thrilling  episode  of  the  cam- 
paign of  1813  rarely  if  at  all  referred  to  in  its  history.  In 
the  spring  of  1814,  Major  Trimble,  having  received  his 
exchange,  joined  his  regiment,  which  was  then  consolidated 
with  another,  and  formed  the  veteran  19th,  distinguished  at 
Chippewa,  Lundy’s  Lane,  and  Niagara.  Arriving  at  Buf- 
falo, he  assumed  command  of  that  important  post  and  of 
Black  Rock ; the  main  army,  under  General  Gaines,  occu- 
pying the  defences  of  old  Fort  Erie,  on  the  Canada  side. 
The  night  of  the  141!’.  of  August,  1814,  was  the  memorable 
assault  of  the  whole  British  army  upon  the  American  forces 
under  General  Gaines.  Late  that  evening  Major  Trimble, 
anticipating  a battle,  waited  upon  General  Gaines  and  was 
permitted  to  take  the  command  at  Buff.do,  while  another 
officer  took  the  command  of  his  own  regiment,  the  19th, 
stationed  in  the  bastions  and  block-houses  of  the  fort.  He 
had  by  lamplight  examined  into  all  the  positions  of  his  reg- 
iment and  defences  of  his  exposed  position.  As  was  anti- 
cipated, in  the  impenetrable  darkness  of  a stormy  night 
the  enemy’s  veteran  columns,  led  by  Colonels  Drummond 
and  Scott,  approached  the  parapets  of  the  fort,  and  with 
scaling  ladders  and  charge  of  bayonet,  had  carried  like  a 
tornado  the  principal  batteries  of  Townson  and  Douglas, 
and  pressing  to  the  position  of  the  19th,  under  Major 
Trimble,  Drummond  shouted  the  watchword,  “ Give  the 
d — d Yankees  no  quarter!  ” But  he  was  received  with  a 
volley  of  musketry  and  charge  of  bayonet  which  hustled 
them  headlong  into  the  ditch.  Drummond  fell  within  six 
feet  of  the  position  of  Major  Trimble;  Colonel  Scott,  of  the 
103d  Royal  Regiment,  was  also  killed,  and  his  sword — a 
fine  Damascus  blade — Colonel  Trimble  secured  and  wore 
during  his  subsequent  military  career.  General  Brown 
assuming  the  command  of  the  army,  and  finding  that  Fort 
Erie  was  commanded  by  the  British  position,  determined, 
on  the  17th  of  September,  1814,  to  assault  his  strongly  in- 
trenched camp.  In  this  memorable  and  successful  move- 
ment Major  Trimble,  in  Miller’s  brigade,  was  in  the 
advance,  and  after  storming  arid  carrying  two  redoubts,  fell 
mort.ally  wounded,  as  it  was  thought,  within  the  British 
lines,  shot  through  the  lungs.  He  lay  many  weeks  recov- 
ering from  his  wound  at  the  hospitable  home  of  his  friend 
and  comrade  in  the  sortie,  Gener.al  T.  B.  Porter,  of  Black 
Rock,  after  his  removal  from  Fort  Erie,  and  to  the  great 
surprise  of  the  surgeon.  Dr.  Trowbridge,  he  was  restored  to 


275 


BIOGRAPHICAL 

active  duties  in  the  field.  He  was  brevetted,  Sejitembei" 
17th,  1S14,  for  his  gallant  services  in  the  sortie  and  defence 
of  Fort  Erie,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and 
upon  peace  being  established  was  retained  in  the  army 
with  the  same  rank  in  the  Sth  Infantry,  Colonel  Nicholas, 
of  Kentucky.  In  the  fall  of  1815  he  was  ordered,  with 
his  regiment,  to  .St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  in  the  winter 
of  th.at  year  established  the  military  post  of  Fort  Des 
Moines.  His  command  was  then  ordered  to  Natchitoches, 
ascending  the  Red  river  in  keel-boats  and  barges.  From 
thence  he  was  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  with  the  command 
of  the  Eighth  Military  Department  under  General  Jack- 
son,  co-operating  with  him  in  his  celebr.ated  Florida  cam- 
paign of  1818,  and  capture  of  St.  Marks  and  Pensacola. 
Becoming  weary  of  the  monotony  of  military  life  in  time 
of  peace,  and  his  health  being  apparently  restored,  he 
returned  to  the  home  of  his  brothers  in  Hillsborough,  and 
tendered  his  resignation  in  the  army.  In  the  election  for 
United  States  Senator,  in  1819-20,  Colonel  Trimble’s 
military  services,  and  his  high  character  for  patriotism 
and  intelligence,  caused  his  name  to  be  presented  as  a 
candidate  for  that  honorable  position.  His  opponent  was 
the  late  Governor  Worthington,  and  he  was  elected  after 
a spirited  contest.  His  senatorial  career  was  short,  serving 
only  one  session,  but  it  was  marked  by  a large  and  ear- 
nest public  spirit.  In  the  fall  of  1821  he  was  invited  by 
his  old  friend  and  comrade  in  the  army,  Governor  Cass, 
of  Michigan,  to  meet  him  at  Chicago,  then  old  Fort 
Dearborn,  where  a council  was  held  with  the  Northwest 
Indians  for  the  cession  of  Wisconsin,  etc.  On  his  return 
to  Detroit  in  an  open  barge,  with  the  Governor  and  suite, 
the  exposure  caused  inflammation  of  his  old  wound, 
through  the  lungs,  and  with  slow  and  weaiy  stage  he 
reached  Washington  City,  where  he  breathed  his  last, 
surrounded  by  many  personal  friends  endeared  to  him 
by  military  and  social  relations,  among  whom  was  his 
early  and  estimable  friend.  Judge  Campbell,  representing 
his  district  in  Congress,  and  who  received  his  last  message 
of  love  to  a devoted  mother  and  affectionate  family.  He 
was  buried  at  the  National  Cemetery,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Senate,  with  all  the  civil  and  military  honors 
which  his  country  could  confer  on  a gallant  and  meri- 
torious soldier  and  Senator.  He  died,  December  21st, 

1821,  aged  thirty-six  years.  A career  which  prom- 
ised to  be  one  of  exceptional  brilliancy  and  usefulness 
was  thus  terminated  at  little  more  than  its  outset.  His 
young  and  gallant  brother  and  comrade  in  the  army. 
Captain  C.  H.  Trimble,  died  in  September  preceding, 
and  still  another  younger  brother.  Dr.  Cyrus  W.  Trimble, 
of  Chillicothe,  followed  them  to  the  grave  the  next  year, 

1822.  They  were  all  educated  and  accomplished  gentle- 
men, everywhere  esteemed  for  their  worth,  and  the  loss 
of  such  citizens  was  a shock  and  calamity  which  the  pulilic 
deeply  felt  and  appreciated  in  cordial  sympathy  with  the 
bereaved  family. 


ENCVCLOP-EDIA. 

o/fP/flABER,  COLONEL  LLEWELLYN,  Lawyer,  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly  and  Dele- 
gate to  the  Constitutional  Convention,  was  born 
at  Roxton,  a country  seat  in  Jefferson  county, 
Virginia,  near  Summit  Point,  on  August  3d, 
1824,  being  the  only  son  of  Rev.  James  Baber, 
an  Old  School  Presbyterian  minister,  and  of  Maria  Jordan 
Llewellyn,  a woman  of  sincere  piety  and  rare  intelligence. 
She  was  one  of  four  daughters  of  Richard  Llewellyn  and 
Philippa  Bate,  of  St.  Maiy’s  county,  Maryland,  where  the 
Llewellyn  family  settled  at  the  organization  of  the  Mary- 
land colony.  John  Llewellyn  came  to  America  with  Lord 
Baltimore  in  1634,  and  was  the  custodian  of  the  land 
records  of  the  colony.  Richard  Llewellyn  removed  from 
Virginia  to  Kentucky  in  1818,  and  died  at  Louisville, 
.August  6th,  1832.  Colonel  Baber’s  father  was  born  in 
Hanover  county,  Virginia,  in  1794,  and  was  a descendant 
of  the  earliest  English  settlers  in  that  colony.  He  died  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  August  19th,  1863,  his  wife  having  died 
in  Virginia,  October  6th,  1850.  The  education  of  Colonel 
Baber,  until  nine  years  of  age,  was  conducted  by  his 
mother  with  skill  and  devotion,  his  father’s  pastoral  en- 
gagements preventing  him  from  giving  that  superintendence 
to  his  son’s  studies  which  he  so  much  desired.  When  nine 
years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  the  academy  at  Carmichael- 
town,  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  father  was 
officiating  as  a clergyman,  and  in  that  institution  received 
the  thorough  drilling  in  the  classics  and  the  leading  English 
branches  which  contributed  so  much  to  his  success  as  a 
collegian.  In  1837  he  returned  with  his  father  to  Jefferson 
county,  Virginia,  and  his  preparation  for  college  was  com- 
pleted at  Battletown  Academy  and  in  private  schools.  In 
1841  he  entered  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  becoming 
a member  of  the  sophomore  class,  and  graduated  in  Sep- 
tember, 1843,  honors  of  Greek  orator.  Upon 

leaving  this  institution  he  went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
commenced  to  read  law  in  the  oflice  of  Hon.  Noah  11. 
Swayne,  now  Associate-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  .States,  to  whom  he  is  related  by  marriage.  His 
removal  to  Ohio,  instead  of  to  Tennessee,  was  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  his  mother,  who  belonged  to  the  old 
school  of  Virginia  Emancipationists,  and,  under  the  belief 
that  civil  strife  must  follow  eventually  in  the  slaveholding 
States  of  the  South,  desired  her  son’s  destiny  to  be  with  the 
free  West.  Columbus  was  a small  place  wdien  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law  with  .Swayne  & Bates;  but  the  hold- 
ing of  the  United  States  District  and  Circuit  Courts  there. 
Judge  McLean  being  upon  the  bench  of  the  Circuit  Court, 
brought  to  that  place  the  Ewings,  the  Stansburys,  the 
Walkers  and  other  distinguished  lawyers  of  the  State. 
Under  these  circumstances  the  capital  afforded  Colonel 
Baber  most  excellent  opportunities  for  thoroughly  jireparing 
himself  for  practice.  At  the  December  term,  in  1845. 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  at  Lancaster,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  after  a most  critical  and  searching  examination, 


276 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


conducted  by  Mr.  Rrazee,  Mr.  Ewing,  and  Mr.  Stansbury, 
who  subsequently  became  Attorney-General  for  the  United 
States.  He  settled  in  Piqua,  Miami  county,  and  after  a 
year’s  residence  in  that  place  removed  to  Xenia,  where  he 
made  his  home  until  1850,  when  he  returned  to  Columbus. 
In  these  localities  be  had  discharged  his  professional  duties 
with  skill,  and  was  gradually  earning  a standard  reputa- 
tion for  excellence  as  an  advocate  and  counsel.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1853,  he  became  the  law  partner  of  Judge  Swayne,  on 
the  election  of  the  latter’s  old  associate,  J.  L.  Bates,  Esq., 
to  the  Common  Pleas  bench.  For  seven  years  Colonel 
Baber  continued  in  the  laborious  practice  of  the  profession 
in  a firm  which  had  the  largest  business  at  the  capital,  as- 
sisting Judge  Swayne,  one  of  the  strongest  advocates  and 
most  diligent  preparers  of  briefs  in  the  State.  In  addition 
to  controlling  the  office  business  he  took  part  in  the  trial 
and  argument  of  every  case  in  court.  In  the  spring  of  i860 
this  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  in  the  campaign  of  the 
fall  of  that  year  Colonel  Balier  was  mainly  engaged  in 
stumping  the  .State  as  one  of  the  electors  on  the  Lincoln 
ticket.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  appointed 
Paymaster,  and  acted  as  such  until  November,  1865,  when 
he  was  mustered  out  and  brevetted  as  Lieutenant-Colonel 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  services.  From  boyhood  he 
had  always  manifested  a decided  taste  for  politics.  In 
1S54,  upon  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  Colonel 
Baber,  who  had  been  Secretary  of  the  Whig  State  Com- 
mittee, actively  labored  to  produce  a co-operation  of  all  the 
opponents  of  the  repeal  in  the  anti-Nebraska  movement. 
In  1855  he  declined  to  vote  for  Chase  for  Governor,  on  ac- 
count of  his  course  when  elected  United  .States  Senator  in 
1849  under  the  Morse-Townshend  bargain  and  sale  in  the 
I.egislature.  He  refused  to  affiliate  with  the  Know- 
Nothing  movement,  and  was  one  of  the  few  hundred 
Whigs  of  P’ranklin  county  who  stuck  to  their  old  allegiance 
to  the  last.  In  1856  he  supported  P'remont  and  Dayton  for 
the  Presidency  and  Vice- Presidency,  and  slumped  the  State 
for  them.  In  June,  1859,  when  the  rivalry  for  the  Presi- 
dential nomination  was  keenest  among  Governor  Chase, 
Hon.  William  H.  Seward,  Judge  Bates  and  Simon  Cam- 
eron, the  thought  occui  red  to  Colonel  Baber,  after  a careful 
re.ading  of  tbe  Douglas-Lincoln  debate,  reported  in  the 
Chicago  Tribune,  that  Abraham  Lincoln  would  make  the 
most  available  candidate  for  that  nomination.  He  com- 
municated this  opinion  to  the  Hon.  Samuel  Galloway,  of 
Ohio,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  latter  should  write  to  Mr. 
Lincoln  on  the  subject,  which  he  at  once  did.  The  re- 
sponse to  this  very  tersely  and  very  forcibly  discusses  the 
issues  at  stake  in  the  political  contest  of  that  time  as 
follows : 

Springfield,  Illinois,  July  28,  1859. 

Hon.  Samuel  Galloway  : — My  Dear  Sir: — Your  very 
complimentary,  not  to  say  flattering,  letter  of  the  23d  inst. 
is  received.  Dr.  Reynolds  had  induced  me  to  expect  you 
here,  and  I was  disappointed  not  a little  by  your  failure  to 
come,  and  yet  I fear  you  have  formed  an  estimate  of  me 


[ which  can  scarcely  be  sustained  on  a personal  acquaintance. 
Two  things  jrlone  by  the  Dhio  Republican  Convention, 
namely;  the  repudiation  of  Judge  Swan  and  the  “plank” 
for  a repeal  of  the  -P'ugitive  Slave  law,  I veiy  much  re- 
gretted. These  two  things  are  of  a piece;  and  they  are 
viewed  by  many  good  men,  sincerely  ojjposed  to  slavery,  as 
a struggle  against  and  in  disregard  of  the  Constitution 
itself.  And  it  is  the  very  thing  that  will  greatly  endanger 
our  cause,  if  it  be  not  kept  out  of  our  National  Convention. 
There  is  another  thing  our  friends  are  doing  which  gives 
me  some  uneasiness.  It  is  their  leaning  towards  “ Poimlar 
Sovereignty.”  There  are  three  substantial  objeclions  to 
ibis:  First,  no  party  can  command  respect  which  sustains 
this  year  what  it  opposed  last.  Secondly,  Douglas  (who  is 
ihe  most  dangerous  enemy  of  liberty,  because  the  most  in- 
sidious one)  would  have  little  support  in  the  Norih,  and  by 
consequence  no  capital  to  trade  on  in  the  .South,  if  it  were  not 
for  our  friends  Ihus  magnifying  him  and  his  humbug;  but 
lastly,  and  chiefly,  Douglas’  Popular  Sovereignty,  accepted 
by  the  public  mind  as  a great  principle,  nationalizes  slavery 
and  revives  the  African  slave  trade  inevitably.  Taking 
slaves  into  new  Territories  and  buying  slaves  in  Africa  are 
iilentical  things — identical  rights  or  identical  wrojtgs — and 
the  argument  which  establishes  one  will  establish  the  other. 
Try  a thousand  years  for  a sound  reason  why  Congress 
shall  not  hinder  the  people  of  Kansas  from  having  slaves, 
and  when  you  have  found  it,  it  will  be  an  equally  good  one 
why  Congress  should  not  hinder  the  jreople  of  Georgia  from 
importing  slaves  from  Africa.  As  to  Governor  Chase,  I 
have  a kind  side  for  him.  He  was  one  of  the  few  distin- 
guished men  of  the  nation  who  gave  us  their  sympathy  last 
year.  I never  saw  him,  suppose  him  to  be  able  and  right 
minded  ; but  still  he  may  not  be  the  most  suitable  as  a can- 
didate for  the  Presidency.  I must  say  that  I do  not  think 
myself  fit  for  the  Presidency.  As  yon  propose  a corre- 
spondence W'ith  me,  I sh.all  look  for  your  letters  anxiously. 
I have  not  met  Dr.  Reynolds  since  receiving  your  letter, 
but  when  I shall,  I will  present  your  respects,  as  requested. 

Yours  very  truly,  A.  Lincoln. 

This  was  the  first  letter  which  he  wrote  in  reference  to 
the  Presidency.  In  response  to  the  invitation  of  the  Re- 
publican State  Central  Committee,  of  which  Colonel  Baber 
was  a member,  Mr.  Lincoln  spoke  in  Columbus  on  Sep- 
tember i6lh,  1859,  and  subsequently  in  Cincinnati.  These 
speeches,  which  were  published  and  scattered  over  the 
State,  contributed  greatly  to  the  success  of  the  Republicans 
in  the  gubernatorial  contest,  and  in  the  election  of  a Re- 
publican Legislature.  The  .State  Board  of  Equalization 
met  early  in  December,  and  furnished  a favorable  oppor- 
tunity for  requesting  Mr.  Lincoln  to  send  on  a copy  of  his 
debates  with  Senator  Douglas,  to  be  used  in  the  ensuing 
Presidential  campaign.  On  Colonel  Baber’s  proposition, 
the  Republican  members  of  the  State  Board  on  Equaliza- 
tion, the  State  officers  and  .State  Central  Executive  Com- 
mittee united,  on  December  7th,  1859,  in  letters  of  request 
to  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  under  his  instructions  his  private  sec- 
retary, Mr.  John  G.  Nicolay,  personally  visited  Columbus 
and  delivered  to  the  Republican  Slate  Executive  Committee 
a copy.  The  correspondence  was  withheH  so  long  from 
publication,  though  the  committee  had  ordered  it  imme- 
diately printed,  that  Mr.  Lincoln  wrote  Mr.  Galloway  on 
the  subject,  declaring  that  the  delay  was  placing  him  in  an 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOICLDIA. 


277 


unpleasant  and  unfavorable  position.  It  was  asserted  that 
this  delay  was  caused  by  the  friends  of  Mr.  Chase;  but, 
however  far  this  may  be  true,  it  is  certain  that  it  was  to 
Colonel  Baber’s  energy,  enterprise  and  personal  influence 
that  this  important  correspondence  saw  the  light  of  day  in 
printed  form  on  January  23d,  1S60,  in  the  Ohio  State  your- 
nal.  The  proceedings  of  the  Chicago  Convention,  at 
which  Colonel  Baber  was  an  active  friend  of  Lincoln,  are 
matters  of  history.  During  the  campaign  which  followed, 
being  one  of  the  electors  on  the  Lincoln  ticket,  he  was  one 
of  the  most  effective  speakers  and  active  canvassers  in  se- 
curing in  the  Stale  a Republican  majority  of  over  forty 
thousand.  At  the  commencement  of  the  war  he  was  ap- 
pointed Paymaster,  United  States  army,  and  stationed 
first  at  Washington,  whence  he  was  ordered  to  Louisville 
and  Cumberland  Gap,  with  General  George  W.  Morgan. 
He  proceeded  then  successively  to  Cincinnati,  Memphis, 
St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans,  arriving  at  the  latter  place  in 
October,  1863,  and  remaining  on  duty  there  until  June, 
1864.  A great  portion  of  his  time  was  spent  with  the  army 
in  the  field,  accompanying  General  Washburne  in  his  cam- 
paign up  the  Bayou  Teche  country,  and  General  Banks  in 
his  Red  river  campaigns.  From  New  Orleans  he  was 
transferred  to  Cincinnati,  and  put  in  charge  at  Camp  Den- 
nison until  mustered  out,  in  November,  1865.  While  in 
the  field  he  aided  his  friends  at  home  in  the  Lincoln  and 
Johnson  movement,  by  public  correspondence  and  by  his 
effective  co-operation  among  the  soldiers.  The  result  was 
the  sending  of  a delegation  from  Ohio  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  which  cast  a solid  vote  for  Lincoln  and  John- 
son as  the  standard-bearers  of  the  party.  Colonel  Baber 
was  appointed  one  of  the  five  members  on  the  new 
Union  Stale  Central  Committee,  to  represent  the  army  in- 
terest, and  rendered  great  services  in  this  capacity.  He 
sympathized  with  the  bolters  of  the  Philadelphia  Conven- 
tion of  August,  1866,  believing  that  the  only  wise  plan  was 
to  adhere  to  the  old  Lincoln  policy,  and  upon  the  ignoring 
of  this  policy  he  sided  with  others  who  had  formerly  acted 
with  the  Union  organization,  and  in  1867  supported  the 
Democratic  ticket,  aiding  in  the  defeat  of  negro  suffrage  in 
Ohio  by  a popular  vote  of  50,000,  and  securing  the  return 
of  Allen  G.  Thurman  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  the 
place  of  Benjamin  F.  Wade.  On  the  meeting  of  the  Legis- 
lature he  drafted  the  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  with- 
drawing the  former  assent  of  Ohio  to  the  ratification  of  the 
Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution,  on  the 
ground  that  the  State  had  the  right  to  do  so  at  any  time 
prior  to  the  acceptance  of  that  amendment  by  three-fourths 
of  the  .States.  He  attended  the  Democratic  and  the 
Soldiers’  National  Conventions  in  New  York,  in  1868,  and 
again  had  the  satisfaction  of  aiding  in  the  defeat  of  Chase’s 
nomination.  During  the  ensuing  Presidential  campaign  he 
stumped  for  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  his  speeches  were 
circulated  far  and  wide  as  the  ablest  of  the  campaign  docu- 
ments of  the  party.  In  the  winter  of  1869  he  wrote  the 


report  of  the  Committee  on  Federal  Relations,  submitted  to 
the  Senate  of  Ohio,  setting  forth  tlie  reasons  for  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment.  In  the  Democratic  State 
Convention,  which  was  held  in  1S69,  he  was  instrumental 
in  procuring  the  nomination  of  General  Rosecrans  for 
Governor,  a nomination  which  unfortunately  was  declined. 
In  the  Ohio  General  Assembly,  which  met  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  1870,  Colonel  Baber,  who  had  been 
elected  a representative  from  P'ranklin  county  in  October, 
1869,  was  appointed  on  the  Committees  on  Federal  Rela- 
tions and  Flections,  whose  proceedings  mainly  concerned 
the  exciting  party  issues  which  were  debated  in  that  ses- 
sion. He  was  soon  recognized  as  one  of  the  keenest  and 
most  logical  of  debaters,  analyzing  the  political  issues  of  the 
day  with  such  readiness  and  perspicacity  as  to  establish  his 
reputation  not  only  as  a man  familiar,  even  to  infinite 
detail,  with  our  past  history,  but  as  a statesman  capable  of 
tracing  the  effect  of  that  history  upon  the  grave  political 
questions  of  reconstruction  then  agitating  the  nation.  His 
was,  perhaps,  the  clearest  argument  delivered  in  the  Legis- 
lature against  the  ratification  of  the  P'ifteenth  Amendment, 
which  passed  by  a majority  of  one  only  in  each  house.  He 
introduced  a law  to  protect  political  organizations  from 
fraud  in  their  primary  nominations,  which  passed  the 
House  but  was  defeated  in  the  Senate.  It  was  reintro- 
duced at  the  succeeding  session,  passed  both  branches,  and 
became  a law  on  February  24th,  1871.  Its  familiar  title  is 
“ The  Baber  Law.”  During  his  service  in  the  General 
Assembly  he  secured  the  personal  good  will  of  his  oppo- 
nents, and  became  consequently  most  successful  as  a local 
member  in  the  interests  of  his  constituents.  Colonel  Baber 
supported  the  Greeley  movement,  in  1872,  and  in  Septem- 
ber of  that  year  he  spoke,  by  special  invitation,  with  Hon. 
E.  D.  Campbell,  General  Gordon,  Governor  Vance  and 
Hon.  Benjamin  Hill,  at  the  reunion,  at  Louisville,  of  the 
supporters  of  the  Greeley  ticket  in  the  Southern  and  West- 
ern States.  In  1873  he  was  chosen  by  the  Democratic 
party  as  a delegate  from  Franklin  county  to  the  State  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  and  proved  one  of  its  most  ener- 
getic, laborious  and  influential  members.  He  has,  in 
company  with  Senator  Thurman  and  other  leading  Demo- 
crats, repeatedly  stumped  the  State.  In  addition  to  the 
manifold  variety  of  labors  performed  by  him  he  has  been 
one  of  the  ablest  and  most  constant  contributors  to  the 
press.  His  first  article  was  a searching  review  of  the 
speech  of  the  celebrated  Hon.  Thomas  Hamer,  delivered 
during  the  Clay  campaign  of  1S44.  It  was  published  in 
the  Ohio  State  yournal,  then  conducted  by  Mr.  Follett, 
and  was  generally  commended.  Since  then  he  has  written 
a great  deal  that  has  invariably  been  instructive  in  matter 
and  entertaining  in  form  relative  to  the  issues  of  the  limes, 
his  productions  having  been  published  in  the  leading  jour- 
nals of  the  country.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  occupying  the  oldest  law  office  in  Columhus. 
It  was  once  used  by  Mr.  Wilcox,  with  whom  Attorney-Gen- 


27S 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EA’CVCLOP.EDI  A. 


eral  Pierrepont  read  law.  Colonel  Baber  was  appointed, 
at  a meeting  of  the  bar  of  the  State,  at  Columbus,  in  the 
winter  of  1S75,  a member  of  the  executive  coinmiitee  of 
six  to  secure  the  passage  of  judicial  reforms  asked  for,  and 
the  submission  by  the  General  Assembly  to  the  electors  of 
the  State  of  the  constitutional  amendment  for  the  creation 
of  a Judicial  Commission  of  five,  with  like  powers  as  the 
Supreme  Court,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  to  dis- 
pose of  the  business  of  that  court,  then  five  years  in  arrears. 
Most  of  the  reform  legislation  was  obtained,  and  the  pro- 
posed constitutional  amendment,  drafted  by  Colonel  Baber, 
passed  the  Legislature,  through  his  activity,  with  only  two 
dissenting  votes,  and  was  indorsed  by  all  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  a correspondence  with  the  committee. 
The  amendment  was  printed  on  both  party-tickets,  and 
ratified  liy  the  electors  at  the  last  October  election  with 
only  98,000  votes  against  it  out  of  600,000  votes  cast.  It 
is  universally  believed  to  be  a most  salutary  relief  in  the 
judicial  system  of  the  State.  On  the  resignation  by  the 
lion.  Hugh  J.  Jewett  of  his  seat  in  Congress  from  the 
Columbus  district.  Colonel  Baber,  at  the  Democratic  Nomi- 
nating Convention  to  fill  the  vacancy,  in  1874,  received  73 
votes  against  75  for  lion.  William  E.  Link,  the  nominee, 
an  old  and  distinguished  member  of  former  Congresses,  re- 
siding in  another  county  of  the  district.  P'ranklin,  his  own 
county,  voted  solid  for  him,  the  first  time  it  has  done  so  for 
any  candidate  since  it  was  represented  by  the  Mon.  .S.  S. 
Cox.  The  circle  of  Colonel  Baber’s  influence  is  not  confined 
to  his  own  city,  county,  or  the  State.  He  is  well  and  popu- 
laily  known  to  all  the  leading  men  of  the  country.  His 
thorough  legal  training,  his  eloquence  and  powers  of  argu- 
ment in  political  controversy,  his  career  as  a public  officer, 
in  civil  and  military  service,  have  secured  for  him  a lasting 
reputation.  He  is  still  a bachelor. 


fONES,  HENRY  MASON,  Superintendent  of  the 
Cincinnati  Hospital,  was  born  in  Salem,  New 
London  county,  Connecticut,  September  15th, 
1823.  He  is  a son  of  Edmund  Jones  and  Sarah 
(Holmes)  Jones,  who  were  both  born  in  the  same 
year,  1796,  and  are  still  living.  This  branch 
of  the  Jones  family  is  descended  from  Rev.  William  Jones, 
a I’re.sbyterian  minister,  who  came  from  Wales  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  1640,  and  afterward  settled  in  Salem,  Connecti- 
cut, where  many  of  his  descendants  are  still  to  be  found. 
He  was  educated  at  Bacon  Academy,  in  his  days  one  of  the 
best  institutions  of  its  class  in  the  country.  In  1841  he  re- 
linquished school  life  as  a pupil,  and  during  the  ensuing 
winter  sustained  in  a district  school  at  Colchester  the  role 
of  educator.  After  spending  the  summer  of  1842  upon  his 
father’s  farm  he  again  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  fall.  In 
the  spring  of  1843  he  left  his  home  to  pursue  the  vocation 
of  teacher  in  Long  Island,  New  York.  He  was  thus  em- 


ployed until  he  received  the  appointment  of  Principal  of 
Public  School  No.  3,  at  Morrisania,  New  York,  when  he 
moved  to  his  new  field  of  labors,  and  entered  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  September  ist,  1851.  That  position 
he  retained  until  July,  1856,  when  he  accepted  an  appoint- 
ment as  Superintendent  of  the  Cincinnati  House  of  Refuge. 
He  took  charge  of  this  institution  in  the  following  August, 
and  retained  his  position  there  until  failing  health  com- 
pelled him,  notwithstanding  the  reluctance  of  the  Board  to 
lose  his  valuable  and  zealous  services,  to  hand  in  his  res- 
ignation. July  31st,  1865,  accordingly,  he  left  the  House 
of  Refuge,  and  for  a time  devoted  his  attention  to  the  task 
of  re-strengthening  his  enfeebled  system.  In  March,  1867, 
he  was  earnestly  solicited  to  assume  the  superintendence 
of  the  Commercial  Hospital,  which,  established  January 
22d,  1821,  as  the  Commercial  Hospital  and  Lunatic 
Asylum,  has  since  become  the  Cincinnati  Hospital;  the 
erection  of  its  new  buildings,  commenced  in  July,  1867, 
was  completed  in  January,  1869.  April  15th,  1867,  he 
assumed  the  control  of  this  institution,  and  has  since  con- 
tinued to  act  as  its  Superintendent.  Under  his  steady, 
skilful  and  efficient  management  the  affairs  of  the  hospital 
have  been  uniformly  kept  in  an  excellent  condition,  while 
its  reputation  as  a sanitary  institution  is  not  eclipsed  by  that 
of  any  other  establishment  in  the  country.  He  has  been 
for  several  years  a member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  He  has 
always  shunned  the  tumult  and  intrigues  of  the  political 
arena,  and,  being  identified  with  no  particular  party,  exer- 
cises the  elective  franchise  in  accordance  with  his  own 
judgments  on  men  and  measures.  To  this  day  he  is  held 
in  grateful  remembrance  by  former  pupils  and  patrons  on 
Long  Island  and  at  Morrisania,  while  his  irreproachable 
management  of  the  important  institutions  over  which  he 
has  presided  in  the  Queen  City  has  won  the  esteem  and 
approbation  of  all  who  have  become  cognizant  of  their 
workings.  He  was  married,  July  6th,  1845,  1°  Harriet 
Maria  Latham,  daugliter  of  Deacon  Amos  S.  Latham,  of 
Colchester,  New  London  county,  Connecticut. 

I 

ALSTON,  JOSEPH,  President  of  the  Defiance 
Insurance  Company,  Defiance,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Daupliin  county,  Pennsylvania,  June  20th,  1818. 
In  1824  his  parents  removed  to  Lebanon,  Leb- 
anon county,  in  the  same  Slate,  where  he  at- 
tended the  Lebanon  Academy,  graduating  from 
that  institution  in  1831.  In  April,  1832,  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Stark  county,  Ohio,  and  in  1837  commenced 
teaching  school  near  Massillon,  Ohio.  In  this  occupation 
he  was  engaged  until  the  winter  of  1842-43.  He  subse- 
quently removed  to  Defiance  county,  Ohio,  and  there 
devoted  his  time  and  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits  until 
1850.  In  Eebruary,  1851,  he  settled  in  Defiance,  in  the 
same  county,  and  engaged  in  the  dry-goods  business. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 


279 


which,  in  1S57,  was  merged  in  the  hardware  trade,  in 
which  he  continued  until  1S62.  In  i860  he  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace  ; in  1862  was  appointed  Deputy  Col- 
lector of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Tenth  District  of  Ohio  ; 
in  September,  1863,  became  Assistant  Assessor;  in  1868 
was  appointed  Special  Agent  of  the  Post  Office  in  Defiance; 
and  in  1869  became  Postmaster  of  Defiance.  He  afterward 
engaged  in  the  fire  insurance  business,  and  assisted  impor- 
tantly in  the  organization  of  the  pioneer  insurance  company 
of  the  city — the  Defiance  Insurance  Company — over  which 
he  presides  in  an  able  and  masterly  manner.  He  was 
elected  President  of  this  enterprise  in  1875  ; the  other  officers 
are  as  follows:  Samuel  Rohn,  Vice-President ; I.  F.  Dea- 
trick.  Secretary;  and  Henry  Hardy,  Treasurer. 

P 

Q'llllil,  HITE,  EMERSON  ELBRIDGE,  Educ.ator,  Edi- 
(TI  II  born  in  Mantua,  Portage  county, 

f'lllJ  Ohio,  January  loth,  1829.  His  parents,  Jonas 
White  and  Sarah  (Gregory)  White,  natives  of 

c-  j Massachusetts,  were  farmers  in  moderate  circum- 
stances. Until  he  had  reached  his  eighteenth 
year  he  worked  on  the  farm,  and  during  this  period  .secured 
an  elementary  education  at  the  district  school.  When  but 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  assumed  the  role  of  teacher,  and 
taught  school  for  a salary  of  nine  dollars  per  month,  with 
the  privilege  of  “ boarding  around.”  In  the  following 
summer  he  obtained  the  consent  of  his  parents  to  leave  home 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a more  thorough  education. 
Most  of  the  several  sijcceeding  years  he  spent  in  the  Trowns- 
burg  Academy  and  in  college,  defraying  attendant  expenses 
by  teaching  and  by  working  in  haying  and  harvesting.  In 
the  autumn  of  1851  he  suspended  his  studies  in  the  Cleve- 
land University  in  order  to  take  charge  temporarily  of  the 
classes  in  mathematics  in  that  institution,  and  also  to  fill  the 
place  of  the  principal  of  one  of  the  Cleveland  grammar 
schools,  who,  on  account  of  ill  health,  had  secured  a leave 
of  absence  for  two  months.  At  the  close  of  these  engage- 
ments, he  was  surprised  by  the  unsolicited,  appointment  to 
the  Principalship  of  a new  grammar  school  then  about  to  be 
opened  in  Cleveland.  As  a result  he  abandoned  reluctantly 
his  purpose  of  graduating  at  the  next  commencement,  and 
accepted  the  appointment,  entering  upon  the  duties  of  his 
new  position  in  January,  1852.  His  intention,  however, 
was  to  teach  but  a few  terms,  and  then  enter  upon  the  study 
of  law.  In  1854  he  resigned  his  position,  but  was  at  once 
appointed  Principal  of  the  Central  High  School,  with  a 
salary  of  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum.  He  acted  in  that 
capacity  until  1856,  in  which  year  he  accepted  the  Superin- 
tendency of  the  Public  Schools  of  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  filling 
the  position  for  nearly  four  years.  Early  in  1861  he  re- 
moved to  Columbus,  to  take  charge  of  the  Ohio  Ediica- 
lional  Monihly,  which  he  conducted  for  more  than  fourteen 
years,  making  it  one  of  the  best  and  most  influential  educa- 


tional journals  in  the  country.  In  October,  1S70,  he  started 
a national  edition  of  the  monthly,  with  the  title  of  The 
Ehational  Teacher.  In  1875  he  sold  both  editions  of  his 
journal  to  Hon.  W.  D.  Henkle,  of  Salem,  Ohio.  In  1S63 
he  was  appointed  State  Commissioner  of  Common  Schools, 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Commissioner  Cathcart,  re- 
signed. In  the  first  year  of  his  incumbency  he  secured  an 
important  revision  of  the  General  School  Law.  Among  the 
new  provisions  incorporated  was  one  establishing  the  present 
institute  system  of  Ohio;  also  another  creating  a State 
Board  of  Examiners.  In  1S65  the  General  Assembly  passed 
a joint  resolution  instructing  the  Commissioner  of  Common 
Schools  to  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly  the  organiza- 
tion and  results  of  the  best  Normal  Schools  in  the  United 
.States  and  in  other  countries,  and  also  to  submit  a plan  of 
organizing  one  or  more  efficient  Normal  Schools  in  the 
State  of  Ohio.  In  compliance  with  those  instructions  he 
visited  the  Normal  Schools  in  several  of  the  .States,  and  his 
special  report  on  the  subject  under  consideration  was  sub- 
mitted in  January,  1S66.  In  ihe  third  and  last  year  of  his 
incumbency,  he  prepared  a codified  edition  of  the  school 
lacv,  with  opinions,  instructions,  blank  forms,  etc.,  the  whole 
constituting  a valuable  manual  for  school  officers  in  the  ad- 
ministr.ation  of  the  school  system.  Since  the  close  of  his 
official  term  in  February,  1866,  he  has  devoted  his  time  to 
his  journal,  to  lecturing  in  Teachers’  Institutes,  and  to 
other  w'ork  of  a literary  and  educational  nature.  He  has 
been  invited  to  take  charge  of  several  institutions,  including 
four  State  Normal  Schools,  and  to  accept  the  superintend- 
ency of  several  city  schools,  but  he  has  preferred  to  prose- 
cute a chosen  w'ork  wdiich,  in  his  opinion,  was  more  impor- 
tant and  useful.  Pie  has  exercised  a wide  and  salutary 
influence  upon  the  cause  of  education,  and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading  educators  of  the  country.  He  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Ohio  Teachers’  Association  in  1863,  of  the  Na- 
tional Superintendents’  Association  in  1868,  presiding  at  the 
meeting  held  in  Nashville,  Tennessee  ; and  of  the  National 
Educational  Association  in  1872,  presiding  at  the  meeting 
held  in  Boston,  Massachusetts.  In  1866  he  read  a paper 
on  “A  Nation.al  Bureau  of  Education,”  before  the  National 
.Superintendents’  Association,  at  a meeting  held  in  Washing- 
ton, District  of  Columbia.  The  paper  w’as  finally  adopted 
by  the  association  as  an  expression  of  its  views  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  he  was  appointed  Chairman  of  a Committee  to 
memorialize  Congress  on  the  importance  of  establishing 
such  an  office.  He  then  drafted  the  memorial,  and  also  a 
bill,  both  of  which  were  introduced  into  Congress  by  Hon. 
James  A.  Garfield,  of  Ohio.  This  bill,  with  immaterial 
amendments,  was  subsequently  passed  by  Congress,  and  is 
now  the  law  under  which  the  bureau  is  administered.  He 
is  the  author  of  “A  Class-Book  of  Geography,”  first  pub- 
lished in  1853  ; the  larger  portion  of  “ Bryant  and  Stratton’s 
Commercial  Arithmetic,”  published  in  i860;  “White’s 
.School  Registers  and  Records;”  “ White’s  Graded  School 
Arithmetics,”  published  in  1870;  and  a “ Manual  of  Arilh- 


28o 


BIOGRAPHICAL  F:NCYCLOr.L:DIA. 


metic  for  Teachers,”  published  in  1876.  In  addition  to  his  ' 
many  important  andvaluaiile  labors  as  a writer  and  educator, 
he  has  for  many  years  past,  through  his  exertions  and  laud- 
able actions  in  other  public  fields,  stood  prominently  before 
the  community  not  alone  of  Ohio,  but  also  of  many  of  the 
environing  States,  which  esteem  and  admire  him  as  a public- 
spirited,  enterprising  and  useful  citizen,  while  his  sound 
scholarly  attainments  have  won  for  him  the  respect  of  all 
interested  in  the  literary  development  of  the  United  States. 
He  has  a high  reputation  as  a public  speaker,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  popular  institute  instructors  in  the  country.  He  was 
married,  July  26th,  1853,  to  Mary  Ann  Sabin,  of  Hudson, 
Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children — three  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

cDOWELL,  M.\JOR-GENERAL  IRVIN,  was 
born  in  the  village  of  Franklinton,  near  Columbus, 
Ohio,  October  15th,  1818.  His  ancestry  were 
Scotch-Irish,  and  took  refuge  front  religious  per- 
secution in  the  north  of  Ireland.  After  the  siege 
of  Londonderry,  in  which  the  McDowells  took 
part,  they  came  to  this  country,  settling  first  in  the  valley  of 
Virginia.  Some  of  them,  including  the  branch  from  which 
the  General  sprang,  removed  thence  to  Kentucky.  Abram 
McDowell,  the  father  of  Irvin,  after  the  war  of  1812,  in 
which  he  served  in  his  uncle’s  regiment,  removed  to  Ohioj 
and  settled  near  Columbus.  His  wife,  Eliza  Lord,  was  a 
member  of  the  Starling  family,  one  of  the  most  respectable 
and  influential  in  that  section.  Abram  McDowell  is  de- 
scribed by  old  citizens  of  Columbus  as  being  a noble  speci- 
men of  the  old-school  Kentuckian,  and  an  intense  aristocrat. 
He  kept  haughtily  aloof  from  the  masses,  and  prided  him- 
self on  his  social  position,  his  refinement  and  general  cul- 
ture. But  wealth  was  never  his,  and  money  had  nothing  to 
do  with  this  pride  of  position.  His  son  Irvin  was  given  a 
liberal  education  at  home  and  abroad.  His  old  school- 
mates at  Columbus  remember  him  as  a genial,  warm-hearted 
companion,  but  his  residence  abroad  changed  this  to  a habit 
of  dignity  and  reserve.  On  his  return  from  Europe  his 
father  had  procured  him  an  appointment  to  West  Point. 
Here  he  was  associated  with  the  future  military  chieftains  of 
both  sides  in  the  American  civil  war.  At  the  academy  he 
ranked  socially  very  high,  but  in  his  classes  he  was  far  from 
being  foremost.  He  was  graduated  in  the  same  class  with 
Beauregard,  Barry,  Hardee,  and  R.  S.  Granger,  and  ranked 
as  low  down  as  twenty-three,  Beauregard  being  second. 
After  his  graduation  he  was  assigned  to  the  artillery  arm  of 
the  service  and  sent  to  the  Niagara  frontier.  He  served  in 
different  parts  of  the  frontier,  and  was  for  a short  time  on 
recruiting  duty.  In  1841  he  was  returned  to  West  Point  as 
Assistant  Instructor  in  Infantry  Tactics,  and  served  one  year 
in  that  capacity,  and  three  years  as  Adjutant  of  the  Academy. 
During  these  years  of  military  duty  he  had  become  a man  of 
the  world — reserved,  formal  and  polished — and  had  made 


up  by  hard  study  his  deficiencies  as  a cadet.  His  military 
qualifications  were  very  high,  and  in  appearance  he  was 
every  inch  a soldier.  These  brought  him  to  the  notice  of 
General  Wool,  who  appointed  him  an  Aide-de-camp  on  his 
personal  staff,  a position  reserved  for  the  most  promising  of 
the  younger  officers.  He  continued  duty  as  a staff-officer 
almost  without  interruption  until  the  outbreak  of  the  rebel- 
lion, and  had  become  a strict  disciplinarian,  devoted  to  his 
profession,  and  a thorough  student  of  the  art  of  war.  F'or 
“gallant  and  meritorious  conduct”  at  Buena  Vista  he  was 
brevetted  Captain.  After  serving  in  various  capacities  dur- 
ing the  Mexican  war.  General  'Scott  appointed  him  to  his 
staff.  He  seldom  visited  his  old  home,  and  in  the  army  he 
was  known  as  a remarkably  abstemious  man,  never  dissipat- 
ing with  brother  officers,  never  tasting  wine,  and  never  play- 
ing cards.  So  careful  was  he  in  avoiding  stimulants  that  he 
abstained  fiom  tea  and  coffee.  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
was  a Brevet  Major  on  duty  in  the  War  Department. 
Through  Salmon  P.  Chase,  who  had  known  him  in  Colum- 
bus, he  was  sought  out  and  consulted  as  to  the  military  or- 
ganization of  the  republic.  His  advice  in  military  matters 
was  found  of  great  service  in  the  then  demoralized  condition 
of  affairs.  Governor  Dennison  proposed  to  make  him  com- 
mander of  the  Ohio  contingent,  but  changed  his  mind  in 
favor  of  Captain  (General)  McClellan.  McClellan  was  not 
then  in  the  service,  and  he  was  only  appointed  after  much 
influence  had  been  brought  to  bear  on  the  Governor.  Gov- 
ernor Dennison  wrote  Major  McDowell  explaining  his  con- 
duct, and  he  replied  in  the  most  generous  spirit,  fully  in- 
dorsing the  appointment.  Later,  partly  on  his  recommen- 
dation, McClellan  was  appointed  to  a Major-Generalship. 
Government  officers  urged  his  appointment  to  a like  posi- 
tion, but  he  modestly  held  hack.  But  the  same  bulletin  that 
announced  McClellan’s  advancement  announced  his  own 
to  that  of  Brigadier-General.  General  .Scott  opposed  this 
latter  promotion,  as  he  wanted  it  for  another  officer.  The 
old  chieftain  opposed  him  in  many  ways.  When  the  cam- 
paign in  Virginia  was  decided  upon,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
leadership  of  the  army.  As  his  personal  testimony  proves, 
he  had  his  misgivings,  not  as  to  his  competency  to  perform 
the  task,  but  as  to  the  obstacles  that  were  being  thrown  in 
his  way  at  head-quarters  in  Washington.  The  history  of  the 
disaster  at  Bull  Run  is  too  well  known  to  be  repeated  here. 
The  press  of  the  country  heaped  censure  upon  the  gallant 
officer  in  command  of  the  Union  forces,  and  the  more  rad- 
ical portion  of  it  even  accused  him  of  treason.  He  was  also 
accused  of  drunkenness,  although  he  never  tasted  liquor. 
It  is  the  opinion  of  many  military  men  and  dispassionate 
writers  that  he  was  defeated  as  much  by  influences  in  the 
rear  (Washington)  as  he  was  by  the  army  opposed  to  him  at 
the  front.  It  is  conceded  that  the  plan  of  the  battle  was 
admirably  arranged,  but  that  the  raw  condition  of  his  troops 
and  the  failure  of  one  of  his  generals  to  carry  out  his  in- 
structions, turned  the  tide  of  the  day  at  the  very  moment 
when  the  Union  officers  were  congratulating  themselves  on 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ExNX'VCLOILEDIA. 


2S1 


a brilliant  victory.  The  people  of  the  country  clamored  for 
the  removal  of  the  commanding  general,  and  the  story  of 
the  battle,  as  narrated  in  the  press,  made  him  really  odious 
in  their  sight.  He  was  accordingly  removed,  and  placed  in 
a subordinate  position,  although  President  Lincoln  assured 
liiin  that  he  still  had  ’ confidence  in  him.  His  evidence  be- 
fore the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War  is  the  manly 
utterance  of  a dignified  soldier.  He  never  undertook  to 
refute  the  slanders  heaped  upon  him,  except  in  reply  to  of- 
ficial inquiries.  He  did  not  resign  his  commission,  and  thus 
make  a virtual  confession  that  he  had  been  humiliated.  He 
was  a soldier  willing  to  serve  his  country  in  any  capacity, 
■and  is  serving  it  still.  But  he  was  peculiarly  unfortunate, 
being  disliked  by  the  citizen  soldiery  for  his  strict  ideas  of 
discipline.  He  served  throughout  the  war  in  various  posi- 
tions, but  fate  was  against  him.  He  never  became  famous, 
yet  he  never  lost  the  confidence  of  the  authorities,  who  still 
consulted  him  in  military  matters  of  importance.  He  was 
virtually  retired  from  active  service.  He  was  President  of 
a board  to  investigate  cotton  frauds  in  the  Southwest.  Dur- 
ing a portion  of  the  year  1863  he  was  President  of  a board 
for  retiring  disabled  officers.  In  July,  1864,  he  was  sent  to 
the  Pacific  coast  to  take  charge  of  that  dep.rrtment.  Previous 
to  the  first  appointment,  a court  of  inquiry  had  fully  vindi- 
cated him,  but  the  country  has  never  done  him  justice.  March 
13th,  1865,  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major-General  was  conferred 
upon  him  for  “gallant  and  meritorious  services ” at  Cedar 
Mountain.  In  June  following  he  was  assigned  to  the  de- 
partment of  California,  where  he  still  remains.  General 
McDowell  is  a man  of  large,  well-developed  frame,  of  ex- 
cellent presence,  and  fine  address.  His  general  bearing  is 
reserved  and  cold,  but  among  his  friends,  and  in  the  freedom 
of  the  social  circle,  no  man  can  be  more  winning.  Although 
married  and  having  a family,  he  is  devoted  to  military  life, 
and  will  probably  never  leave  the  service  unless  overtaken 
by  incapacity.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his 
superiors,  as  he  did  through  all  his  troubles  in  the  late  war. 


.VLLRIDGE,  IIOR.-VCE  S.,  Banker,  was  born,  July 
2lst,  1828,  at  .Syracuse,  New  York,  and  is  a son 
of  Chester  and  Mary  Wallridge.  He  received  his 
education  in  Toledo,  and  when  twelve  years  old 
was  employed  as  a clerk  in  a grocery  stoiy,  re- 
ceiving one  dollar  per  week.  He  was  so  occupied 
for  two  years,  when  he  changed  to  a dry-goods  store,  where 
he  remained  for  a year  on  a small  compensation.  He  then 
labored  for  eighteen  months  in  a flour  mill,  and  subse- 
quently was  engaged  for  six  months  in  erecting  a saw  mill. 
In  the  spring  of  1846  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  passed 
a short  time  in  selling  straw  hats.  In  June,  1846,  he  re- 
moved to  Toledo,  and  was  engaged  by  Thomas  Watkins  as 
one  of  his  assistants  in  his  commission  and  forwarding  es- 
tablishment. There  he  remained  until  the  death  of  that 

36 


gentleman,  August  9th,  1852.  During  a portion  of  those 
years — from  1849  to  inclusive — he  was  the  travelling 

clerk,  engaged  in  the  purchase  of  produce  on  the  lines  of 
the  Ohio  canals.  On  the  1st  of  October,  1852,  he  took 
charge  of  the  business  of  P.  Buckingham  & Co.,  at  Toledo, 
a large  commission  house,  receiving  a salary  of  one  thousand 
dollars  per  annum;  and  during  the  winter  of  1853-54  be- 
came a member  of  the  firm,  which  expired  February  1st, 
1857,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  commission  house  of  Brown, 
Wallridge  & King,  which  subsequently  became  Brown, 
Wallridge  & Co.,  and  this  latter  firm  gave  place  to  11.  S. 
Wallridge  & Co.,  which  terminated  in  the  spring  of  1S68. 
All  these  firms  did  a large  and  successful  business.  Mean- 
while, in  the  autumn  of  1865,  the  house  of  Wallridge,  Wat- 
kins & Co.  w'as  founded  at  Chicago.  This  firm  also  dis- 
solved in  the  spring  of  186S,  as  the  senior  partner  in  both 
establishments  found  that  he  could  not  give  his  attention  to 
the  business  while  interested  in  real  estate  operations  and 
city  matters.  With  this  step  he  dissolved  all  connection 
u ith  the  commission  houses,  resolving  thenceforth  to  devote 
his  entire  time  and  mind  to  banking  and  real  estate.  He 
has  displayed  great  activity  in  this  latter  branch,  and  no  one 
has  contributed  more  towards  building  up  the  city  than  him- 
self. He  has  served  three  years  as  a member  of  City  Coun- 
cils, but  has  resolutely  declined  office,  when  asked  by  his 
fellow-citizens  to  be  nominated  thereto.  He  w'as  President 
of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Toledo  for  two  terms.  At  present 
he  is  the  President  of  the  Northw’estern  Savings  Bank,  and 
is  connected  with  tw'o  other  moneyed  institutions  as  stock- 
holder, Director  and  Vice-President.  He  was  married,  Oc- 
tober i8th,  1854,  to  Isabella  D.  Watkins,  at  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  and  has  had  five  children,  of  w hom  one  son, 
Thomas  IL,  is  now  at  school  in  Troy,  New  York,  and  two 
daughters  at  home ; the  others  are  deceased. 


IKEN,  S.\MUEL  C.,  D.  D.,  Presbyterian  IMinister, 
was  born  in  Windham,  Vermont,  September  21st, 
1791.  He  entered  Middlebury  College  in  1813. 
Among  his  classmates  who  afterwards  became 
distinguished  w'ere  Silas  Wright,  Governor  of 
New  York  and  United  States  Senator,  and 
Samuel  Nelson,  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  His  resolution  to  become  a minister  of  the  gospel 
having  been  taken  during  a revival  which  occurred  while 
j he  was  at  college,  he  entered  Andover  Theological  Scini- 
' nary,  and  spent  three  years  in  fitting  for  that  profession. 

' He  was  then  called  by  the  Young  Men’s  Missionary  Society 
! in  New  York  to  labor  under  its  auspices  in  that  city.  His 
first  call  to  the  pastorate  was  from  the  First  Pre.sbyterian 
Church  of  Utica,  New  York,  where  he  was  ordained  and 
installed  February  3d,  1818.  He  continued  to  be  pastor  of 
that  society  for  more  than  sixteen  years.  From  a handful 
of  struggling  people  in  that  little  town,  his  congregation 


282 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 


grew  to  be  one  of  the  largest  in  number  and  highest  in  cul- 
ture in  the  State.  The  Erie  Canal  had  been  built  during 
that  time,  and  the  humble  village,  whose  chief  trade  was  in 
furs  borne  in  bateau.x  down  the  Mohawk  to  tide-water,  had 
become  a large  and  prosperous  city.  With  it,  also,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  had  ripened  into  a strong  and  vigorous 
man,  whose  influence  upon  the  people  of  that  community 
and  in  the  councils  of  the  ecclesiastical  body  was  very  great. 
In  the  spring  of  1835  he  accepted  a call  to  become  the  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
The  society  had  just  completed  a small  stone  edifice  on  the 
corner  of  Ontario  street  and  the  Public  Square.  He  was 
inst.dled  its  pastor  in  November,  1835.  In  person  he  pos- 
sessed a commanding  figure,  fine  features,  a dignified  car- 
riage, a clear  strong  voice,  a mind  somewhat  slow  to  act, 
but,  when  aroused  by  great  occasions,  showing  surprising 
power.  The  people  with  whom  he  came  in  contact  were 
of  a great  diversity  of  character  and  sentiment  in  conse- 
quence of  the  constant  arrivals  of  emigrants  from  the 
Eastern  Stales.  II is  gre.at  talents  and  cultured  mind  at- 
tracted to  him  the  most  able  and  thoughtful  of  the  profes- 
sional and  business  men  of  the  community,  and  through  them 
the  influence  of  his  elevated  piety  and  wisdom  went  out  to 
form  the  new  institutions  and  correct  the  baleful  tendencies 
of  that  growing  community.  Ilis  published  addresses  on 
public  education,  theatres  and  social  crimes;  his  articles  of 
controversy  on  Romanism,  his  sermons  on  the  leading  topics 
of  temperance,  Millerism,  and  slavery,  .show  the  ripeness  of 
his  scholarship,  the  soundness  of  his  arguments,  and  the 
great  influence  he  exerted  in  his  professional  and  social  life. 
He  delivered  in  Utica  a discourse  before  Governor  DeWitt 
Clinton  and  the  New  York  canal  commissioners,  on  the  oc- 
casion of  the  opening  of  the  Erie  Canal,  an  event  recognized 
by  him  as  signaling  as  well  great  designs  of  Providence  as 
great  enterprise  and  sagacity  of  statesmen.  He  delivered 
an  address  before  the  officers  and  guests  of  the  Cleveland, 
Columbus  & Cincinnati  Railroad  Company,  when  that  road 
w.as  completed  in  1852,  which  was  worthy  of  the  occasion — 
the  commencement  of  a new  era  in  the  history  of  Western 
civilization.  At  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly,  which 
convened  in  Cleveland  in  1857,  which  will  long  be  remem- 
bered for  its  great  discussions  of  the  slavery  question,  his 
great  power  was  fully  appreciated.  Nearly  all  of  the  States 
of  the  Union  were  represented.  The  hot  debates  between 
the  Northern  and  Southern  ministry  were  stormy.  Dr. 
Aiken  had  been  known  as  a conservative,  and  opposed  those 
who  advocated  the  “Higher  Eaw.”  At  the  close  of  this 
great  discussion  he  reviewed  his  own  past  course  on  the 
subject,  and  finally  declaring  that  slavery  was  too  flagrant  a 
crime  to  be  ignored,  gave  his  great  influence  against  his 
Southern  brethren,  carrying  with  him  a large  number  of  the 
ministry  and  laymen.  He  continued  his  ministry  in  the 
Stone  Church  society  without  any  interruption  until  1858, 
when  he  resigned  on  account  of  the  infirmities  of  age,  and 
Dr.  Goodrich,  who  had  been  for  several  years  his  associate. 


became  the  sole  minister  of  the  church.  Dr.  Aiken  con- 
tinued, however,  for  about  ten  years  to  take  femporary 
charge  of  churches,  ai  d to  perform  much  ministerial  work 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Cleveland,  and  assisting  largely  in 
the  organization  and  building  up  of  new  churches.  His 
purity  of  life,  faithful  labors,  superior  talents  and  great  in- 
fluence have  endeared  him  to  thousands,  and  have  given 
him  a national  reputation.  He  always  receives  marks  of 
respect  and  esteem  from  men  of  every  degree  in  life  and 
of  every  shade  of  religious  opinion.  Now,  after  more 
than  fifty-three  years'  labor  in  the  Christian  ministry,  his 
majestic  form,  somewhat  bent  under  the  weight  of  over  four- 
score years,  is  seldom  seen  in  public. 


o,^HOTWEEL,  GEORGE  IE,  Real  Estate  Dealer, 
was  a native  of  New  Jersey,  having  been  born  in 
Rahway  in  that  State,  on  January  25th,  1811. 
He  was  of  Quaker  jiarentage,  both  his  father  and 
mother,  who  were  natives  of  New  Jersey,  being 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  educa- 
tional advantages  were  of  a very  limited  character,  and 
much  scholastic  training  was  not  among  his  early  experi- 
ences. At  the  age  of  nineteen  years  he  left  his  home  and 
went  to  Cincinnati.  He  became  a salesman  in  a pork- 
packing house  there,  and  after  occupying  that  position  long 
enough  to  acquire  an  insight  into  the  details  of  the  business, 
learning  bookkeeping  in  the  meantime,  he  was  made  book- 
keeper of  the  In  use,  in  which  position  he  remained  for  a 
period  of  five  years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  en- 
tered into  business  on  his  own  account,  engaging  in  the  rec- 
tifying of  whiskey.  In  this  he  was  very  succe.ssful,  and 
soon  built  up  a large  and  lucrative  business.  His  trade 
constantly  and  steadily  increased  until  the  year  1847, 
then  reverses  came.  A sudden  and  very  heavy  decline  in 
whiskey  occurred  that  year.  He  had  a large  stock  on  hand, 
and  besides  that  he  had  shipped  large  quantities  to  New 
Orleans  and  other  Southern  ports,  and  was  unable  to  make 
any  collections  therefor.  These  facts  compelled  him  to  close 
up  his  business,  and  from  that  time  until  1849  was  kept 
busy  in  settling  up  his  deranged  affairs.  In  the  year  1850 
he  entered  into  business  again,  this  time  as  a money  broker. 
In  this,  as  in  his  previous  venture,  he  was  very  successful. 
In  1855  he  succumbed  to  the  “gold  fever,”  and  determined 
on  going  to  California.  He  started,  but  on  the  Isthmus  of 
Darien  he  was  attacked  with  a heavy  illness,  and  by  the 
advice  of  his  physicians,  as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  travel 
again,  he  retraced  his  steps  towards  home.  He  reached 
Cincinnati  safely,  but  the  next  year  he  determined  to  go 
again  on  a journey  to  the  far  West.  This  time  he  went  to 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  where  he  resided  about  three  years. 
During  his  residence  there  he  made  visits  to  Denver,  Colo- 
rado, and  to  Pike’s  Peak.  His  business  during  these  three 
years  was  speculating  in  Western  lands.  And  he  was  also, 


B lOG  R A n 1 1 C A L EXC  V C LO  lA^iD  I A . 


in  connection  with  Messrs.  Ryan  & Hensley,  of  Cincinnati, 
largely  engaged  in  furnishing  su[)plies  to  the  government 
troops  stationed  at  Leavenworth.  He  returned  to  Cincin- 
n.rti  in  the  year  lS6o,  and  opened  a real  estate  broker’s 
office.  He  continued  in  the  real  estate  business  there  until 
his  death,  and  his  transactions  were  large  and  lucrative.  His 
death  occurred  on  the  14th  day  of  January,  1869,  and  was 
occasioned  by  a kick  from  one  of  his  carriage  horses.  It 
may  he  said  th.at  he  was  the  founder  of  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness in  Cincinnati,  it  being  claimed  that  he  was  the  first 
there  to  conduct  the  business  on  a regular  and  legitimate 
b.isis.  He  was  a thorough  business  man,  and  it  is  said  of 
him  that  he  was  a man  whose  word  could  always  be  im- 
plicitly relied  upon,  and  who  took,  for  his  business  motto, 
“ Honesty,  integrity  and  fair  dealing.”  His  business,  while 
a real  estate  dealer,  was  the  largest  ever  carried  on  in  that 
line  in  Cincinnati.  He  was  married,  on  the  8ih  day  of  No- 
vember, 1836,  to  Mary  E.  A.  Tudor,  of  Cincinnati.  Two 
sons  and  two  d.nighters  were  the  result  of  this  union.  The 
oldest  daughter,  Cordelia,  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Campbell, 
of  Cincinnati;  the  eldest  son,  Cassius,  is  in  the  real  estate 
business  in  Cincinnati;  Ceorge,  the  youngest  son,  is  also  in 
the  real  estate  business ; and  the  youngest  daughter,  Mary, 
is  the  wife  of  \V.  W.  Backman,  a prominent  pork-merchant 
of  Cincinnati. 


j.WNE,  HON.  HEN^RY  B.,  Lawyer  and  States- 
man, was  born  in  Hamilton,  Madison  county.  New 
York,  on  November  30th,  1810.  His  father, 
Elisha  Payne,  an  early  settler  of  that  county,  hav- 
ing removed  there  from  Lebanon,  Connecticut,  in 
1795,  was  a man  recognized  for  his  personal  in- 
tegrity,  purity  of  character,  and  public  spirit.  He  was  in- 
strumental in  an  eminent  degree  in  founding  the  Hamilton 
Theological  Seminary.  Henry  B.  Payne  was  educated  in 
Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  New  York,  and  was  of  the  class 
of  1832.  The  same  year  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  John  C.  Spencer.  In  1S33  ''e  removed  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  then  a village  of  three  thousand  inhabi- 
tants, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834,  and  at  once 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  with  H.  V.  Willson,  his 
partner  and  former  class-mate,  and  so  continued  twelve 
years,  when  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  his  profession  in 
consequence  of  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs.  Subsequently  he 
was  a member  of  the  City  Council  two  years,  and  assisted  in 
reforming  the  finances  of  the  city  so  that  the  municipal 
credit  was  restored.  He  also  assisted  in  reconstructing  the 
fire  department.  In  1849,  "'ith  John  W.  Allen,  Richard 
Hilliard,  John  M.  Woolsey  and  others,  he  entered  earnestly 
into  measures  for  constructing  the  Cleveland  & Columbus 
Railroad.  Or  the  completion  of  the  road  in  1851  he  was 
elected  President,  and  retained  the  office  until  1854,  when 
he  resigned.  During  his  presidency  the  organization  was 
perfected  to  such  a degree  that  for  many  years  there- 


283 

after  the  road  was  regarded  as  a model.  In  1S55  he  be- 
came a Director  of  the  Cleveland,  Painesville  & Ashtabula 
Railroad  (now  Lake  .Shore).  In  1854  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  first  Board  of  Water  Works  Commissioners. 
They  located,  planned  and  completed  the  Cleveland  Water 
Works.  In  1862  the  Legislatuie  created  a Board  of  Sink- 
ing Eund  Commissioners  for  the  city  of  Cleveland,  and  he 
has  been  President  of  the  Board  since  its  organization.  The 
original  fund,  about  $250,000,  in  twelve  years  increased  to 
nearly  $2,000,000,  which  is,  as  a trust  fund,  perhaps  without 
a parallel  in  the  United  States.  Early  he  became  a stock- 
holder and  director  in  eighteen  corporations,  such  as  coal 
and  iron  mining,  manufacturing  in  various  branches,  mon- 
eyed institutions  and  others,  all  of  which  were  in  a sound 
and  flourishing  condition.  In  politics  he  has  ever  been  a 
Democrat.  In  1849  ^’6  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and 
served  two  years.  In  1851  he  was  the  Democratic  nominee 
for  United  States  Senator,  but  after  a [irolonged  balloting  he 
was  defeated  by  one  vote,  the  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Wade 
being  elected.  In  1857  the  Democrats  nominated  him  for 
Coverncr,  but  the  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase  was  elected  by  a 
few  hundred  majority.  He  was  chosen  a Cass  elector  in 
1848,  and  was  a member  of  the  Cincinnati  Convention 
which  nominated  James  Buchanan  in  1856.  In  i860  he 
was  a delegate  at  large  to  the  Charleston  Convention,  and 
reported  the  minority  resolutions  which  were  adopted  by 
the  Convention.  His  speech  advocating  the  report  was  re- 
markably eloquent.  In  it  he  condemned  everything  which 
would  lead  to  secession,  and  delivered  in  bold  and  fearless 
style,  it  commanded  the  respect  of  the  extreme  .Southern  mem- 
bers. In  1858  he  aided  .Stephen  Douglas  in  his  opposi- 
tion to  the  Lecompton  Constitution,  by  making  speeches 
against  it  in  Columbus,  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  and  other 
cities.  He  was  also  active  in  procuring  the  passage  of  resolu- 
tions against  it  by  the  Ohio  Legislature.  In  1858  he  joined 
Douglas  against  Lincoln,  in  the  former’s  celebrated  cam- 
paign. When  the  civil  war  came  he  persevered  in  public 
and  earnest  efforts  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion.  In 
1862  he  addressed  the  people  earnestly  and  vigorously  in 
favor  of  enlistments  and  with  good  results.  He  also  joined 
with  other  patriotic  and  wealthy  citizens  in  a guarantee  and 
indemnity  to  the  County  Treasurer  for  advancing  moneys 
to  equip  regiments,  trusting  to  future  legislation  for  the 
justific.ation  of  that  official  for  such  advances.  He  was 
Chairman  of  the  Ohio  delegation  at  the  Baltimore  Con- 
vention in  1872,  which  nominated  Horace  Greeley.  In 
1874  he  accepted  the  nomination  of  the  Democrats  and 
Liberal  Republicans  for  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  and  was 
elected  by  a majority  of  2532,  in  a district  which  had,  prior 
to  that  time,  given  a Republican  majority  of  about  5000. 
When  he  accepted  the  nomination  he  said  : “ If  elected,  and 
life  is  spared  to  serve  out  the  term,  I promise  to  come  back 
with  hand  and  heart  as  undefiled  and  clean  as  when  I left 
you.”  As  a political  leader  he  his  ever  retained  the  confi- 
dence of  his  party  and  the  respect  of  all.  He  has  recently 


2S4 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LIDIA. 


Ijeen  prominently  mentioned  as  a candidate  for  the  Presi- 
dency of  the  United  States.  He  was  married  in  1836  to  the 
only  daughter  of  Nathan  Perry,  a retired  merchant  of  Cleve- 
land. 


ATES,  JOHN,  Wholesale  Boot  and  Shoe  Merchant 
and  Manufacturer  of  Shoes,  was  born  at  Scales, 
Cumberland  county,  England,  February  2d,  1S19.  ' 
The  quaint  old  English  homestead  where  he  was 
born,  which  has  come  down  from  father  to  son  j 
through  many  generations,  still  stands  with  its 
precious  memories  an  object  of  special  intejest  to  the  Gates 
family.  His  parents  were  devotedly  religious  people,  mem- 
bers of  the  Wesleyan  connection,  and  shared  the  opprobrium 
and  hardships  incident  to  the  early  history  of  Methodism  in 
England.  In  1830  Mr.  Gates  came  with  his  paients  to 
America,  and  tliey  landed  in  the  city  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
with  the  intention  of  m.aking  Cincinnati  their  home.  W’hile 
on  their  journey,  his  father  was  taken  sick  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  and  after  a few  days’  illness  died.  His  sister  also  was 
t.aken  sick  and  died,  leaving  the  remainder  of  the  family  to 
find  their  way  through  the  hardships  of  flatboat  navigation 
on  the  Ohio  river  to  the  city  of  their  destination.  In  the 
spring  of  1831  young  Gates  arrived  in  Cincinnati,  where  he 
h.as  since  resided,  and  wdiere  he  has  made  his  mark  as  a 
thorough  and  successful  business  man.  In  his  early  youth 
he  had  acquired  the  rudiments  of  an  English  education,  and 
on  arriving  in  his  new  home,  availed  himself  of  the  advan- 
tages of  Woodward  High  School,  under  the  guidance  of 
Professor  Mathews  and  Dr.  Joseph  Ray.  On  the  comple- 
tion of  his  educational  course  he  entered  the  Methodist 
Book  Concern  to  learn  printing.  Here  he  remained  a year 
setting  type  and  carrying  the  IVesleni  Christian  Advocate  to 
city  subscribers.  This  method  of  learning  a trade  did  not 
quite  suit  his  views,  and  he  left,  and  entered  the  Cincinnati 
Type  Foundrv,  where  he  completed  his  education  in  the 
art  of  printing.  After  this  he  worked  as  a journeyman  in 
the  old  type  foundry,  which  stoo  1 where  the  magnificent 
Saint  Paul  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  now  stands.  In 
1840,  having  laid  up  four  hundred  dollars,  he  borrowed 
four  hundred  more,  and  with  this  capital  entered  into  part- 
nership with  John  Simpkinson,  in  the  retail  shoe  trade. 
This  partnership  was  continued  two  years  and  a half,  when 
he  baught  out  a Mr.  Cheiver,  on  Lower  Market  street,  and 
started  business  for  himself.  Here  his  business  was  very 
successful,  and  gradually  grew  into  the  jobbing  trade.  In 
1841  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  a most  estimable  young 
lady,  Elizabeth  Collingwood.  His  business  continued  to 
increase,  so  that  in  1850  he  purchased  and  moved  into  his 
present  large  establishment  on  Pearl  street,  where  he  has 
ever  since  been  in  the  wholesale  trade  exclusively.  In  1871 
the  demands  of  his  business  became  so  great  that  lie  began 
the  manufacture  of  I.adies’,  misses’,  and  childrens’  sewed 
anil  pegged  shoes.  The  house  of  John  Gates  & Co.  is  now 


one  of  the  oldest  in  the  city  in  the  boot  and  shoe  trade,  and 
has  been  built  up  by  strict  integrity  and  indefatigable  indus- 
try on  the  part  of  its  founder  and  proprietor.  But  while  Mr. 
Gates  has  been  diligent  and  successful  as  a merchant,  he  has 
not  been  indifferent  to  the  claims  of  Christian  benevolence. 
He  has  been  more  or  less  closely  identified  with  all  the 
public  charities  of  the  city,  and  for  many  years  he  has  been 
one  of  the  most  devoted  workers  in  the  “ Cincinnati  Lbiion 
Bethel,”  an  institution  that  has  a fame  world-wide,  Irecause 
of  the  character  and  extent  of  its  practical  benevolence  and 
Christian  labors.  To  this  institution  he  has  given  freely  of 
his  means  and  time,  and  for  the  last  seven  years  has  served 
as  the  honored  President  of  its  Board  of  Directors.  Mr. 
Gates  deservedly  shares  very  largely  in  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  has  before  him  a still  more 
prosperous  career  as  the  eventide  of  human  life  draws  near. 


ICKEY,  ALFRED  S.,  Lawyer  and  Judge,  was 
born  in  Giles  county,  Tennessee,  January  6th, 
1812.  When  he  was  about  four  years  old,  his 
jiarents  lemoved  to  South  Salem,  Ross  county, 
Ghio,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  descended 
from  a family  who  removed  from  the  north  of  Ire- 
land to  the  colony  of  Virginia,  many  years  before  the  revo- 
lutionary war.  His  ancestry,  so  far  back  as  any  knowledge 
extends,  were  always  noted  for  their  devotion  to  Presbyte- 
rian religious  faith.  On  the  19th  of  January,  1832,  he  was 
married  to  Emily  Ann  Mackerly,  and  shortly  afteiward  re- 
moved to  Washington  Court  House,  where,  in  1838,  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  Here  he  rose  rapidly  in  his 
profession,  and  soon  occupied  an  enviable  reputation,  both 
as  counsellor  and  advocate.  In  March,  1S47,  he  removed 
to  Greenfield,  as  much  to  educate  his  children  at  the 
Greenfield  Academy,  as  to  be  more  in  the  centre  of  his 
jiractice,  which  now  extended  to  the  several  surrounding 
counties.  He  succeeded  Hon.  James  Sloan  to  the  office  of 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  counties  of 
Ross,  Highland  and  Fayette,  by  appointment  from  Governor 
S.  P.  Chase  in  1858,  and  was  successively  re-elected  to  that 
office  until  the  fall  of  1S71,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Judge  S.  F.  Steele.  He  now  returned  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  while  on  a visit  to  his  sister,  near  Ripley, 
Ohio. suddenly  became  ill,  and  after  a few  hours  departed  this 
life  on  the  22d  day  of  August,  1S73.  His  last  distinguished 
professional  effort  was  made  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio, 
December  term,  A.  D.  1S72,  in  the  case  of  James  Taylor  and 
others  vs.  The  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  Ross 
County  et  at.  In  this  case  the  famous  Boesel  Railroad  Law 
was  declared  unconstitutional,  and  with  that  case  terminated 
the  professional  career  of  Judge  Dickey.  The  case  was 
characteristic  of  the  man.  Being  of  the  people  and  the 
founder  of  his  own  fortune  in  every  respect,  he  was  opposed 
in  every  interest  of  his  nature  to  extravagatice  in  private  or 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOr.F.DIA. 


28s 


public  life;  and  therefore  he  most  earnestly  opposed  the  il- 
limited  and  illimitable  power  of  taxation  as  claimed  by  the 
State;  and  throughout  the  able  argument  of  himself  and  his 
compeers,  that  zeal,  that  earnestness,  and  that  conviction  of 
right  can  be  perceived  controlling  the  line  of  the  argument 
which  always  characterized  him  when  once  he  espoused  a 
cause.  He  was  a Democrat  until  the  Kansas  territorial 
trouble  sprang  up  as  to  the  area  of  slave  territory,  and  on  the 
nomination  of  Mr.  Buchanan,  believing  that  the  result  of  his 
election  would  tend  to  perpetuate  slavery  and  the  increase 
of  the  slave  power,  and  being  conscientiously  faithful  to  all 
the  interests  of  his  nation  and  his  education  and  the  religion 
of  his  family,  he  began  gradually  to -withdraw  his  allegiance 
from  the  Democratic  party  to  identify  himself  with  the  new 
party  then  forming,  and  which  resulted  in  the  organization 
of  the  present  Republican  party.  With  this  latter  party  he 
most  earnestly  supported  the  administration  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
throughout  the  whole  war  of  the  rebellion.  He  had  a just 
conception  of  the  position  and  functions — the  rights  and 
duties — of  the  bar;  and  he  looked  upon  the  profession  as 
something  above  a mere  occupation  in  which  to  make 
money.  He  not  only  believed  that  underhand  practices  will 
fail  in  the  end,  but  he  detested  such  practices  as  in  them- 
selves wrong  and  dishonorable,  and  bringing  the  profession 
itself  into  disrepute.  He  had  an  excellent  mind  for  the 
law.  His  power  of  analysis  was  strong.  In  the  investiga- 
tion of  a subject  his  mind  rejected  the  irrelevant  and  weak. 
He  was  fond  of  investigating  and  applying  general  princi- 
ples. His  mind  pondered  upon  whatever  subjects  he  under- 
took to  examine,  until  he  saw  them  in  all  their  aspects  and 
bearings.  He  endeavored  in  his  investigations  to  keep 
clear  of  the  ruts  of  commonplace,  and  to  tread  on  the  higher 
planes  of  thought.  He  did  not.  decide  until  his  judgment 
w.as  thoroughly  convinced.  If  he  could  not,  on  the  first 
eff(<rt,  find  data  on  which  to  base  a satisfactory  conclusion, 
he  suspended  his  judgment  for  the  time  being,  and  renewed 
his  process  of  pondering.  He  was  an  instance  of  the  truth 
of  a striking  observation  of  a distinguished  philosopher  ; 
“There  is,”  says  he,  “ much  in  this  process  of  pondering 
and  its  result  which  it  is  impossible  to  analyze.  It  is  by  a 
kind  of  inspiration  that  we  rise  from  the  wise  and  sedulous 
contemplation  of  facts  to  the  principles  on  which  they  de- 
jiend.  The  mind  is,  as  it  were,  a photographic  plate,  which 
is  gradually  cleansed  by  the  effort  to  think  rightly,  and 
which,  when  so  cleansed,  and  not  before,  receives  impres- 
sions from  the  light  of  truth.”  Whilst  he  was  at  the  bar. 
Judge  Dickey  was  a successful  lawyer.  He  did  not  degrade 
his  profession  by  making  merchandise  of  his  legal  knowl- 
edge and  skill.  He  did  not  “run  down”  business,  but  let 
it  seek  him.  He  would  not  litigate  a case,  if  he  could  well 
avoid  it,  when  he  thought  his  client  would  surely  fail.  He 
never  encouraged  a client  who  had  not  justice  on  his  side. 
He  preferred  compromising  controversies  to  bitterly  litigat- 
ing them.  He  seldom  prepared  any  other  brief  than  a ref- 
erence to  a few  authorities,  and  be  barilly  ever  prepared  a 


written  argument.  He  could  think  and  _eason  or.ally  with 
greater  accuracy,  clearness  and  force,  than  he  could  with  a 
pen  in  his  hand.  On  the  trial  of  a case  he  was  master  of 
the  facts,  understood  the  exact  points  in  contest,  and  w.as 
prepared  to  discuss  them  intelligently  and  ably.  He  had  an 
eminently  judicial  cast  of  mind.  He  loved  justice,  and  de- 
sired that  every  case  should,  if  practicable,  be  decided  upon 
its  substantial  merits.  Some  practitioners  in  his  courts 
thought  he  was  too  much  inclined  to  allow  equitable  views 
and  considerations  to  enter  into  his  decision  of  every  ques- 
tion and  every  cause.  A sound  point,  clearly  stated  by  the 
weakest  member  of  the  bar,  had  the  same  effect  upon  his 
judgment  as  it  would  have  had  if  urged  in  argument  by  the 
strongest  lawyer  in  his  court.  He  was  not  often  misled  by 
a fallacious  proposition,  however  artfully  and  strongly  put. 
His  instructions  to  the  jury  were  plain  and  simple.  Whilst 
he  had  a discriminating  mind — a mind  for  which  clear,  nice 
distinctions  were  nutriment — still,  as  a magistrate,  he  seemed 
to  think  that  too  much  refining  destroys  pure  reason  and  in- 
terrupts the  course  of  justice.  Very  few  of  his  rulings  or 
judgments  were  reversed.  Nearly  all  of  them  that  were 
carried  to  the  .Supreme  Court  were  unanimously  affirmed. 
Judge  Dickey  was  a good  judge.  He  seemed  to  have  been 
fitted  up  by  his  mental  and  moral  training,  and  his  habits  of 
industry  and  patient  investigation,  peculiarly  for  that  posi- 
tion. Not  a quick,  off-hand,  rapid  despatcher  of  the  business 
before  him,  ready,  as  some,  before  they  have  half  heard  a 
case,  to  decide,  and  become  impatient,  but  a patient,  pains- 
taking magistrate,  willing  to  hear  all  and  to  weigh  all  the 
matters  involved  in  the  case,  and  only  ready  to  decide  upon 
the  fullest  investigation  and  a thorough  understanding  of  the 
whole  case.  Such  a man  could  but  make  a safe  judge.  He 
was  an  honest  man,  and  desired  to  administer  the  law  so 
that  right  and  justice  should  be  done  “ though  the  heavens 
fell.”  Slow  in  coming  to  conclusions,  it  is  true,  sometimes, 
but  when  he  did  conclude  he  was  firm,  fixed  and  steadfast ; 
not  opinionated,  however,  but  always  ready  to  yield  an 
opinion  when  convinced  of  his  error,  and  always  open  to 
conviction  by  force  of  reason  and  truth.  If  we  have,  or 
have  had  any  men  among  us  who  have  or  had  the  qualifica- 
tions that  Jethro  recommended  to  Moses  to  select  for  judges 
in  Israel,  be  was  one  of  them.  He  was  an  “ able  man,  such 
as  feared  God,  a man  of  truth,  hating  covetousness.”  f)n 
the  bench,  at  the  bar,  and  in  every  other  position,  he  was  of 
sterling  integrity.  “ The  best  court  of  equity  is  a good  con- 
science.” But  above  all,  be  was  a true  man.  He  was 
kind,  geni.al,  tolerant  and  intelligent.  He  could  interest, 
edify,  and  divert  any  person,  whether  learned  or  illiterate, 
refined  or  rude,  young  or  old.  His  conversation  .and  dis- 
course were  characterized  by  solid  sense  and  useful  infor- 
mation, and  oftentimes  sparkled  with  seasonable  wit  and 
humor.  If  any  man  who  came  into  his  company  had  any 
genuine  wit  or  humor  in  his  nature,  it  would  be  brought 
out — it  would  catch  of  the  judge’s,  as  fire  of  fire.  He  was 
a sensitive  man  ; his  emotional  nature  was  of  fine  fibre. 


286 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EA’CVCLOP.EDIA. 


Hence  he  was  easily  affected  by  sharp  or  unkind  words,  or 
malicious  criticism.  But  he  was  not  revengeful ; his  resent- 
ments were  fleeting.  He  doubtless  thought  the  most  speedy 
and  effectual,  as  well  as  the  noblest,  remedy  for  injuries  is 
oblivion.  He  cherished  his  friends;  “ grappled  them  to  his 
soul  with  hooks  of  steel.”  And  he  seemed  to  regard  them 
as  a shield  to  his  sensitive  nature  against  harsh  criticism  and 
unjust  censure.  He  was  more  charitable  in  his  judgment 
of  his  fellow-men  than  they  were  in  their  judgments  of  him. 
In  speaking  of  others  he  acted  on  the  principle  that  detrac- 
tion is  a sin  against  justice.  He  did  not  try  to  discover  and 
hold  up  for  ridicule  and  execration  the  foibles  of  any  man, 
whether  friend  or  foe.  He  was  above  the  meanness  of  envy. 
He  never  sneered  at  that  which  he  could  not  rival.  He 
praised  meritorious  deeds,  by  whomsoever  done.  He  was 
pleased  when  a young  man  came  to  the  bar  who  gave 
promise  of  maintaining  its  proper  standa.d  of  learning, 
honor  and  ability.  No  man  ever  trusted  him  and  was  de- 
ceived or  betrayed.  He  had  a spark  of  divinity  within  him 
that  made  him  every  inch  a man.  He  loved  virtue  and  hated 
vice.  His  heart  was  always  touched  by  the  misfortunes  of 
his  friends  or  fellow-men,  and  his  hand  alw.ays  outstretched 
and  his  pocket  open  to  alleviate  distress,  come  from  what 
cpiarter  it  might.  He  was  frank  and  firm  in  what  he  be- 
lieved to  be  right,  and  would  not  “ have  flattered  Neptune 
for  liis  trident,  or  Jove  for  his  power  to  thunder.”  He  was 
a modest  and  unassuming  man,  cool  and  reflecting.  His 
physical  powers  seemed  hardly  robust  enough  without  ex- 
citement to  a full  development  of  his  intellectual.  His  an- 
alytical and  logical  powers  were  of  a superior  type,  and 
when  duly  exercised  on  any  subject,  his  conclusions  were 
seldom  incorrect.  He  loved  his  family;  he  was  bound  to 
them  by  strong  cords  of  affection,  and  perhaps  in  no  sphere 
of  life  were  the  beauties  of  his  true  character  and  real  inner 
life  displayed  to  better  or  even  as  good  advantage  as  in  his 
family  life — liis  home  circle.  His  home  was  home  indeed; 
there  love  and  affection  reigned,  and  virtue  and  intelligence 
displayed  themselves  in  their  true  loveliness  and  beauty.  His 
was  a character  requiring  no  concealments — no  charitable 
coverings,  which  the  grave  is  too  frequently  called  on  to 
conceal.  “ De  niorluis,  nil  nisi  bomini  ” is  not  to  be  ap- 
plied to  him. 


*cPHER.SON,  GENERAL  JAMES  BIRDSEYE, 
was  born  at  Clyde,  Sandusky  county,  Ohio,  No- 
vember 14th,  1S28.  His  father,  William  McPher- 
son, was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  .and  his  mother, 
'J  Cynthia  (Russell)  McPherson,  was  a native  of 
Massachusetts.  They  were  married  near  Canan- 
daigua, New  York,  and  removed  shortly  thereafter  to  Ohio. 
Here  they  settled  on  a tract  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
near  where  the  village  of  Clyde  now  stands,  and  built  a frame 
house  and  blacksmith  shop,  and  the  husband  divided  his 
time  between  working  in  the  latter  and  clearing  his  farm. 


■ Four  years  after  their  arrival  the  future  general  was  born. 

He  grew  up  among  the  surnmndings  of  a backwoods  life,  a 
’ hardy  and  vigorous  lad,  working  in  the  various  departments 
i of  farm  labor.  The  father  became  unfortunate  in  business, 
; and  with  this  blow  came  the  keener  one  of  failing  health. 
I The  family  were  compelled  to  struggle  the  best  they  could. 
James,  the  eldest,  was  thirteen  years  of  age  at  the  time,  and 
a bright,  intelligent  lad.  He  obtained’  a position  with 
Robert  Smith,  postmaster  and  storekeeper  at  Green  Spring, 
the  next  village,  where  he  helped  to  lighten  the  burdens  of 
his  mother.  In  this  place  he  remained  for  six  years  as 
store-boy  and  clerk.  He  was  trustworthy  and  industrious, 
and  liked  by  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  After  the 
first  year  or  two  at  the  store  he  attended  school  in  the  win- 
ter, and  it  was  always  a regret  with  him  that  he  could  not 
attend  more  regularly.  He  was  an  admirable  penman,  and 
relied  much  upon  this  to  pass  examination  for  West  Point. 
He  was  very  anxious  to  improve  his  education  and  general 
knowledge,  and  greedily  devoured  books  of  all  kinds.  The 
vision  of  an  appointment  to  West  Point  induced  him  to  enter 
the  academy  at  Norwalk  for  a couple  of  sessions  of  pre])ara- 
tory  study.  He  was  now  nineteen,  and  he  was  fearful  lest 
this  and  his  lack  of  education  would  militate  against  him  in 
his  ambition  to  secure  the  coveted  prize.  He  secured  it, 
however,  and  entered  the  academy  a few  months  before  at- 
taining his  m.ajority.  Among  his  classmates  was  one  with 
whom  in  conflict  he  was  afterwards  to  meet  death— James 
B.  Hood.  Another  classmate  was  Philip  H.  Sheridan. 
Others,  whose  names  were  afterwards  distinguished  in  the 
late  war,  were  also  in  the  class  with  this  backwoods  boy. 
He  was  a remarkably  apt  scholar,  especially  in  scientific 
studies,  and  r.mked  high  as  a well-behaved  student.  Grad- 
uating at  the  head  of  his  class,  he  was  assigned  to  the  en- 
gineers. He  was  kept  at  the  academy  for  a year  as  Assistant 
Professor  of  Practical  Engineering.  E'or  three  years  he  was 
engaged  in  engineering  duty  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  mostly 
at  the  New  York  harbor.  For  three  years  and  a half  he 
had  charge  of  the  fortifications  in  the  harbor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. He  had  developed  into  an  accomplished  engineer. 
He  w.as  very  affectionate  in  the  family  circle,  thoroughly  en- 
joyed his  visits  home,  where  he  was  almost  worshipped. 
His  father  had  died  before  his  appointment  to  ^Ycst  Point. 
As  is  the  case  very  generally  with  regular  army  officers,  he 
was  conservative  in  politics,  and  had  a dislike  for  extremists, 
especially  abolitionists.  At  the  1 reaking  out  of  the  war  he 
was  in  California,  and  he  wrote  to  his  mother  a letter 
couched  in  honest  patriotism.  After  personal  application 
he  obtained  orders  to  come  East  in  the  summer  of  1861, 
and  was  assigned  to  engineer  duty  in  Boston  harbor,  and  in 
August  was  made  a Captain  of  Engineers.  When  Halleck 
went  West  he  was  promoted  to  a Lieutenant-Colonelcy  of 
Volunteers,  and  assigned  to  his  staff.  This  was  in  Novem- 
ber of  the  above  year.  When  Grant  moved  on  Forts  Henry 
and  Donelson,  he  was  there  as  Brevet  Major  and  Chief- 
Engineer  of  the  expeditionary  forces.  Here  his  health  gave 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


287 


way  from  exposure,  and  he  was  compelled  to  seek  medical 
assistance  for  a time.  When  he  returned  to  duty  early  in 
the  spring,  he  bore  with  him  the  instructions  to  Grant  for  the 
movement  up  the  Tennessee.  For  efficient  service  in  this 
disastrous  campaign,  ending  at  Pittsburgh  Landing,  he  was 
promoted  to  a Ideutenant- Colonelcy  in  the  regulms  and  a 
Colonelcy  in  the  volunteers,  and  again  placed  on  Halleck’s 
staff,  this  time  as  Chief-Engineer  to  the  armies  moving 
against  Corinth.  Though  he  did  his  work  faithfully  and 
well,  he  afterwards  disapproved  of  the  plans  of  his  superior. 
When  the  latter  was  summoned  to  Washington  as  General- 
in-Chief,  the  young  staff-officer  remained  behind,  and  shortly 
after,  on  the  recommendation  of  General  Grant,  was  made 
a Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers,  that  he  might  become 
Military  Superintendent  of  Railroads.  He  remained,  how- 
ever, on  Grant’s  staff  until  after  the  battle  of  luka.  With  a 
hastily  formed  lirigade,  he  did  good  service  in  the  relief  0/ 
Rosecrans  at  Corinth.  His  gallantry  soon  after  won  him  a 
Major-General’s  epaulettes.  He  was  now  called  upon  to 
leave  his  duties  as  a railroad  engineer,  and  in  testimony  of 
appreciation  his  old  subordinates  gave  him  a parting  supper, 
at  which  he  was  presented  with  a horse,  saddle,  bridle  and 
sword.  At  this  happy  scene  Grant,  Logan,  and  many  other 
rising  officers  were  present.  After  his  promotion  he  was 
assigned  to  the  district  of  Bolivar.  Here  he  furnished  much 
information  to  Grant  in  shaping  his  first  Vicksburg  cam- 
paign. By  order  of  the  latter  he  made  a successful  recon- 
noissance  to  discover  the  enemy’s  strength.  His  services 
were  so  well  appreciated  that  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  entire  right  wing  of  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  and 
a.ssigned  to  the  advance.  When  the  movement  upon  Vicks- 
burg by  way  of  the  Mississippi  commenced,  he  was  reorgan- 
izing his  command  at  Vicksburg,  which  had  been  much 
weakened  by  the  loss  of  supplies  by  the  surrender  at  Holly 
Springs,  and  which  necessitated  long  marches  and  short 
rations.  He  was  prominent  and  active  in  this  memorable 
campaign,  and  was  one  of  the  most  successful  officers  in  his 
operations.  Indeed,  many  writers  have  placed  upon  his 
brow  the  laurels  of  that  great  Union  victory.  On  recom- 
mendation of  Grant  he  was  made  a Brigadier-General  in  the 
regular  army.  At  one  time  hints  were  thrown  out  that  he 
was  too  kind  to  rebel  prisoners  and  had  sympathies  of  a 
Southern  character,  but  they  are  hardly  worthy  of  passing 
notice.  He  was  presented  with  a “gold  medal  of  honor’’ 
by  the  Board  of  Honor  for  his  military  successes.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Atlanta  campaign  he  had  secured  the  re- 
enlistment of  his  corps.  That  memorable  campaign  was  his 
last.  He  took  a conspicuous  part  in  the  movement  on 
Atlanta,  doing  noble  service  for  his  country.  He  had  been 
galloping  hither  and  thither,  giving  orders  and  directing 
movements,  when  he  ran  into  the  fatal  trap.  He  was  riding 
from  the  l6th  tow.ard  his  own  corps,  the  17th,  which  he  had 
heard  was  being  badly  pressed,  when  he  came  suddenly 
upon  a skinnish  line  of  rebels,  and  was  ordered  to  halt. 
Pausing  a moment,  he  dashed  into  a wood,  followed  by  a 


volley  of  bullets.  A shot  entered  his  right  lung  and  shat- 
tered the  spine.  His  charger,  wounded  in  two  places,  gal- 
loped among  his  men,  and  mutely  told  the  sorrowful  story. 
The  wound  wag  necessarily  fatal,  and  he  was  found  an  hour 
afterwards,  conscious,  but  unable  to  speak.  His  horse  had 
probably  carried  him  too  far  for  the  rebels  to  follow.  His 
men  fought  terribly  to  revenge  his  loss,  and  drove  back  the 
rebel  assault  with  great  loss.  The  entire  army  was  bowed 
in  grief  after  the  battle.  He  was  killed  July  22d,  1S64,  in 
the  full  strength  of  manhood.  In  personal  appearance  he 
was  a splendid  specimen  of  a soldier,  over  six  feet  liigh, 
well  developed,  and  with  graceful  carriage.  His  loss  was  a 
terrible  blow  to  his  family,  of  which  he  was  the  idol.  He 
was  buried  in  the  orchard  of  the  old  homestead  at  Clyde. 
At  the  time  he  met  his  death  he  was  betrothed  to  a young 
lady  of  Baltimore. 


I^AYLOR,  JO.SEPH  D.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Bel- 
I mont  county,  Ohio,  in  November,  1830,  but  with 


his  parents  removed  to  Guernsey  county  in  1833, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  Up  to  the  age 
of  tw'enty  years  his  life  was  spent  mostly  upon  the 
farm  wdiere  his  home  was  situated,  and  wdiere,  in 
the  laborious  duties  of  farm  life,  alternating  with  hard 
study  during  the  wdnter  months  and  the  summer  evenings, 
w'as  laid  the  foundation  of  those  habits  of  intense  application 
and  persevering  industry  wdiich  have  been  the  keynote  to 
his  subsequent  success.  After  this  time  his  attention  was 
devoted  more  exclusively  to  literary  pursuits,  but  having  to 
depend  wholly  on  his  own  exertions,  he  studied,  taught 
school,  and  read  lawq  by  turns,  attending  Madison  College 
a part  of  the  time,  where  he  went  through  all  the  branches 
of  the  collegiate  course  except  Greek.  He  taught  in  all 
about  five  years,  and  was  one  of  the  most  successful  teachers 
in  eastern  Ohio.  He  took  an  active  jiart  in  the  organization 
and  management  of  teachers’  associations  and  institutes,  thus 
contributing  largely  to  the  new  era  in  public  education,  and 
through  the  Fairview  High  School  (attended  mostly  by 
teachers),  wdiich  he  established  and  taught  for  several  years, 
.and  through  the  medium  of  his  lectures  and  public  ad- 
dresses, delivered  in  almost  every  tow'ii,  village  and  district, 
in  his  own  and  some  of  the  surrounding  counties,  he 
reached  by  his  l.diors  and  influence  hundreds  of  schools  and 
thousands  of  scholars.  While  teaching  he  was  elected 
County  Surveyor,  and  was  subsequently  re-elected,  but  re- 
signed the  office  before  completing  his  second  term,  to  give 
his  attention  to  other  duties.  He  was  .School  Examiner  of 
Guernsey  county,  but  resigned  this  position  upon  entering  the 
army.  In  March,  1859,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before 
the  Supreme  Court  in  Columbus.  He  attended  the  Cincin- 
nati Law  School  two  terms,  graduating  there  in  the  spring 
of  l36o,  and  the  following  fall  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Cambridge,  Ohio,  w here  he  is  now  practising  his  profession. 
When  the  war  broke  out  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor 


zZS 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


a member  of  the  county  and  district  military  committees, 
and  gave  mudi  time  and  valuable  aid  in  the  organization 
of  troops,  and  in  procuring  and  forwarding  supplies  to  the 
soldiers  in  the  field.  In  the  fall  of  l86l,  in  connection  with 
W.  H.  F.  Lenfesley,  of  Cambridge,  Mr.  Taylor  purchased 
the  Gucynsey  Times,  the  only  Republican  paper  in  the 
county,  and  continued  his  connection  therewith,  iniblishing 
it  under  the  name  of  Taylor  & Lenfestey  for  ten  years,  tak- 
ing only  a general  management  of  the  paper,  during  which 
time  the  size  of  the  paper  was  doubled,  and  the  subscription 
list  increased  from  less  than  seven  hundred  to  over  two 
thousand,  while  the  Republican  party  grew  from  a b.are 
plurality,  which  had  given  the  Democrats  for  years  before 
th  it  fully  one-half  the  offices,  to  a reliable  majority  of  not  less 
than  six  hundred.  In  1863,  when  General  Morgan’s  com- 
mand crossed  the  Ohio  river.  Governor  Tod  issued  a call  for 
troops  to  defend  the  State,  giving  it  as  his  opinion  that  the 
seat  of  war  was  about  to  be  transferred  to  the  north  of  the 
Ohio  river.  Mr.  Taylor  raised  a company  for  the  SSth  Ohio 
Regiment  and  had  it  in  camp  in  about  ten  days,  where  he 
w.as  by  a unanimous  vote  of  the  company  chosen  Cajitain. 
After  the  regiment  was  sufficiently  organized  and  drilled  for 
active  service,  he  was  among  the  officers  of  this  regiment 
who  petitioned  the  Secretary  of  War  to  send  them  to  the 
front  instead  of  the  undrilled  hundred-day  men,  and  the 
order  came  to  this  effect,  hut  was  countermanded  at  the  in- 
stance of  General  Richardson,  who  insisted  that  the  regi- 
ment could  not  be  spared  from  Camp  Chase,  where  they 
were  guarding  many  thousands  of  rebel  soldiers.  Soon 
after  this  he  was  detailed  on  special  duty,  and  reniaincil  on 
detached  service  until  the  close  of  the  war,  serving  on 
courts-martial  and  military  commissions  as  Judge  Advocate, 
at  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  and  other  places.  In  the  fall 
of  1864  he  was  appointed  Judge  Advocate  of  the  District  of 
Indiana,  with  office  at  Indianapolis,  where  he  remained 
uniil  i865.  When  he  entered  upon  the  new  and  responsible 
duties  incident  to  this  position,  there  were  hundreds  of 
criminals  in  the  military  prisons  at  Indianapolis,  and  the 
plans  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty  and  Knights  of  the  Golden 
Circle  to  release  and  arm  the  rebel  prisoners  in  the  North 
had  just  come  to  light.  The  whole  management  of  the 
Judge  Advocate’s  department  in  that  district  was  given  to 
him  by  General  Ilovey,  who  was  then  in  command,  and 
although  the  duties  of  District  Judge  Advocate  did  not  re- 
quire him  to  act  as  Judge  Advocate  of  a military  court,  yet 
as  soo]i  as  the  necessary  records,  clerks,  and  phonographic 
reporters  were  provided,  he  organized  two  militaiy  courts, 
and  served  as  Judge  Advocate  of  both,  one  court  sitting  in 
the  forenoon,  with  one  phonographic  reporter,  and  the  other 
sitting  in  the  afternoon,  with  another  phonographic  reporter. 
Colonel  Taylor  thus  discharged  the  ordinary  duties  of  three 
officers,  his  arduous  labors  often  compelling  him  to  remain 
nearly  all  night  in  his  office.  While  on  duty  at  Indianapolis 
he  was  sent  to  Cambriilge,  Ohio,  as  Judge  Advocate  of  a 
military  court  convened  by  General  Hooker  to  try  the  mur- 


derers of  John  B.  Cook,  Provost  Marshal.  This  was  one 
of  the  military  trials  during  the  war  which  attracted  great 
attention  throughout  the  country,  and  assumed  to  some  de- 
gree a political  character.  The  trial  lasted  three  months, 
resulting  in  the  conviction  of  the  prisoners,  Oliver  and 
Hartup,  and  their  subsequent  execution  at  Camp  Chase  in 
September,  1865,  after  making  a full  confession  of  their 
crime.  Colonel  Taylor  won  golden  opinions  from  the  peo- 
ple and  the  press  for  the  signal  ability  and  success  with 
which  he  managed  the  case  against  the  determined  efforts 
and  labored  strategies  of  the  able  counsel  who  represented 
the  defence.  While  serving  as  Judge  Advocate  at  Cin- 
cinnati and  Indianapolis,  he  made,  at  the  instance  of  Gen- 
eral Hooker,  General  Ilovey,  and  Colonel  Burnett,  a number 
of  important  investigations  and  reports,  all  of  which,  as  well 
as  all  the  records  and  reports  made  by  him  while  he  was 
Judge  Advocate,  were  approved  by  the  Department  of  Jus- 
tice and  the  Secretaiy  of  War.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  after 
being  mustered  out  of  the  service,  he  was  employed  by  the 
government  to  act  as  Special  Judge  Advocate  in  the  trial 
of  two  important  cases  at  Indianapolis,  that  of  a quarter- 
master and  a disbursing  officer  of  the  regular  army,  in 
which  the  government  was  interested  to  the  amount  of 
several  hundred  thousand  dollars.  During  his  term  of  ser- 
vice he  was  twice  brevetted  for  his  faithful  and  efficient  ser- 
vices in  the  interest  of  the  government,  which  was  done  on 
the  recommendation  of  officers  of  the  regular  army  as  well 
as  of  the  civil  service,  for  which,  when  confirmed  by  the 
.Senate,  he  received  his  commissions ; and  his  superior  offi- 
cers also  asked  that  he  be  paid  extra  compensation  foj"  his 
services.  In  the  early  part  of  his  professional  career  he  was 
twice  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Guernsey  county,  and 
was  very  strongly  urged  to  be  a candidate  for  a third  term, 
but  declined.  No  officer  in  the  county  ever  discharged  his 
duties  more  thoroughly  or  more  acceptably,  and  his  prose- 
cution of  those  who  violated  the  liquor  laws  was  so  vigorous 
and  successful  that  scarcely  a saloon  was  found  in  the 
county  at  the  close  of  his  term.  In  December,  1866,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Hill,  daughter  of  William  Hill,  of 
North  Berwick,  Maine.  In  1872,  when  the  scarcity  of 
money  seemed  to  impede  the  progress  of  im]irovements  in 
the  community  where  he  resided,  he  obtained  authority  to 
organize  a national  bank,  and  procured  the  stock  and  com- 
pleted the  organization  of  the  Guernsey  National  Bank,  with 
a capital  of  ^100,000,  which  has  since  been  increased  to 
$150,000,  of  which  he  was  chosen  and  still  continues  Presi- 
dent. He  has  also  been  President  of  the  Cambridge  Board 
of  Education  for  the  past  six  years,  during  which  time  the 
board  has  built  one  of  the  finest  union  school  buildings  in 
the  State;  for  which  the  people  of  the  Cambridge  Union 
School  District  are  greatly  indebted  to  him,  as  he  led  in  the 
movement  for  the  house  and  in  the  management  of  the 
building  as  it  progressed.  He  took  an  active  part  in  pro- 
curing the  stock  and  location  at  Cambridge  of  the  Marietta 
& Pittsburgh  Railroad,  and  in  all  important  enterprises,  in- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


289 


volving  the  moral  and  material  interests  of  the  community, 
he  is  found  at  the  head,  both  with  his  means  and  his  influ- 
ence. He  is  now  practising  law  in  Guernsey  and  adjoining 
counties,  and  has  a large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a 
man  of  unswerving  integrity,  tireless  energy  and  spotless 
reputation,  and  occupies  the  position  in  his  State  and  com- 
munity to  which  these  qualities  and  the  record  of  a hitherto 
busy  and  useful  life  justly  and  legitimately  entitle  him. 


LLEN,  HON.  JOHN  \V.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  in  1802.  His  father, 
John  Allen,  a lawyer  by  profession,  was  a native 
of  Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts,  where  Wil- 
liam Cullen  Bryant  began  life  as  a lawyer  and 
made  Green  river  famous  in  one  of  his  earliest 
and  sweetest  poems.  After  removing  to  Connecticut,  he 
became  a representative  of  that  State  in  the  last  Congress 
held  in  Philadelphia.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  left  I-itch- 
field  at  sixteen  years  of  age  and  moved  to  Chenango  county, 
New  York,  where  he  received  a fair  classical  education  and 
studied  law.  He  next  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1825, 
and  after  one  year’s  necessary  study  and  residence  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law  in  1826.  From  1831  to  1835 
inclusive  he  was  elected  annually  President  of  the  village 
corporation,  and  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Cleveland  in  1841. 
In  1835-37  he  represented  the  district  of  which  Cuyahoga 
county  was  a part,  in  the  Ohio  .Senate,  and  in  1836  was 
elected  to  Congress,  commencing  with  the  extra  session 
called  in  September,  1S37.  He  was  re-elected  in  1838. 
In  the  division  of  parlies  of  that  d.iy  he  was  a Whig,  and  by 
reason  of  his  admiration  of  and  devotion  to  the  person  and 
public  policy  of  Henry  Clay,  he  was  classed  with  a large 
parly  of  old-line  Clay  Whigs.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
movers  and  workers  in  the  enterprise  of  having  railroads  to 
add  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  his  city  and  State,  and 
he  has  been  fortunate  enough  to  live  to  see  the  iron  rail  laid 
all  over  the  States,  even  to  the  Pacific.  He  discussed  the 
Subject  of  railroads  in  the  newspapers  as  early  as  1837,  and 
made  some  direction  of  such  enterprises,  but  without  practi- 
cal avail  on  account  of  the  financial  embarrassments  of  the 
country  following  that  period,  and  perhaps  for  the  further 
re.a.son  that  his  enterprising  spirit  was  a few  years  in  advance 
of  his  contemporaries.  In  1847  he  was  mainly  instrumental 
in  procuring  the  legislative  charter  for  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus & Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  canvassed  the  line  of 
the  river  to  ask  the  people  to  subscribe  to  the  stock,  which 
resulted  in  his  obtaining  the  first  subscription  of  $100,000. 
He  became  the  first  President  of  the  company,  and  by  his 
zealous  activity  and  adroit  management,  in  the  face  of  apa- 
thy, rival  interests,  and  open  opposition,  secured  its  success 
doubtless  many  years  before  it  otherwise  would  have  existed. 
He  was,  for  a time,  one  of  the  five  commissioners  of  the 
State,  charged  with  the  duty  of  putting  into  operation  and 
37 


managing  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and  its  several  branches, 
and  under  whose  supervision  it  proved  a sound  and  ad- 
mirable banking  system.  In  1850  he  was  appointed, 
under  a resolution  of  the  Legislature,  the  agent  of  the 
State  to  investigate  the  claims  of  the  State  against  the 
national  government,  growing  out  of  the  grants  of  land  in 
aid  of  canals,  which  occupied  him  five  years  at  Washington. 
He  was  eminently  successful  in  this  service,  and  his  labors 
were  of  great  value  to  the  State.  He  received  from  Presi- 
dent Grant  in  1870  the  appointment  of  Postmaster  at  Cleve- 
land, and  his  commission  was  renewed  in  1874.  He  proved 
a very  efficient  officer,  devoting  his  whole  time  and  attention 
thereto.  His  official  intercourse,  like  his  social,  was  admi- 
rable in  manner  and  spirit,  which  caused  the  public  to  regret 
very  much  his  retirement.  He  resigned  in  January,  1875. 
He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Ann  Maria  Per- 
kins, of  Warren,  Ohio,  who  died  early.  His  second  was 
Harriet  C.  Mather,  of  New  London  county,  Connecticut. 
Four  children  were  born  to  them,  two  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters. 


jjURGERT,  ADAM,  Boot  and  Shoe  Merchant,  was 
born  in  Stark  county,  Ohio,  November  14th,  1826. 
He  is  the  son  of  David  Burgert,  an  old  and  suc- 
cessful merchant  of  the  village  of  New  Bedford, 
Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  and  acquired  his  early 
education  in  his  native  place.  Until  his  eighteenth 
year  was  reached  he  found  employment  under  his  father 
in  the  capacity  of  clerk,  and  moved  subsequently  to  New 
Philadelphia,  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  where  during  the 
ensuing  year  he  was  similarly  occupied,  in  clerking  in  a 
dry-goods  store.  In  1846  he  embarked  in  business  on  his 
own  account,  and  prosecuted  it  for  a period  of  three  years. 
Disposing  afterward  of  his  interests  in  this  trade,  he  resumed 
his  former  station  as  clerk  for  M.  W.  Henry  & Co.,  of 
Akron,  Ohio,  with  whom  he  was  connected  for  about  three 
years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  removed  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  the  fall  of  1852  received  an  appointment  as 
Deputy  Sheriff  in  Eldorado  county,  in  which  capacity  he 
acted  for  two  years  and  six  months.  While  sojourning  on 
the  Pacific  slope  he  received  various  desirable  office  appoint- 
ments in  addition  to  the  one  mentioned,  and  wherever  placed 
uniformly  gave  entire  satisfaction  to  all  parlies  concerned. 
As  Collector  of  Foreign  Revenue,  under  I).  E.  Buel  and 
William  Buchanan,  in  1853-54,  and  part  of  1855,  he  met 
with  notable  success,  conducting  himself  with  laudable 
ability  and  fidelity.  In  July  of  the  latter  year  he  resigned 
the  collectorship,  and  returned  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  employed  for  four  years  as  a clerk  in  a wholesale  boot 
and  shoe  house.  He  left  Cleveland  for  Toledo  in  the  fall 
of  1859,  and  went  into  the  wholesale  hide  and  leather  busi- 
ness. Therein  he  continued  until  January  1st,  1866,  when 
he  was  compelled  to  sell  out  his  interests  in  order  to  recruit 
his  health,  which  had  suffered  severely  through  rheumatism, 


290 


EIOGRAnilCAL  ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 


contracted  in  the  business.  The  summer  of  that  year  he 
and  his  family  spent  in  New  Orleans  and  Mobile.  He  re- 
turned home  in  September,  with  health  very  much  improved, 
and  in  the  following  December  opened  out  in  the  wholesale 
boot  and  shoe  business,  in  which  he  has  been  engaged 
ever  since,  and  has  been  uniformly  prosperous.  He  is  now' 
doing  a trade  of  four  hundred  thousand  dollars  annually. 
An  excellent  man  of  business,  a keen  and  shrewd  observer, 
he  has  fairly  earned  the  success  that  has  crow'ned  his  efforts. 
Politically  he  has  been  successively  a Whig  and  a Repub- 
lican. He  was  married  September  3d,  1857,  to  Elizabeth 
Wood,  daughter  of  Bourdett  Wood,  of  Bellevue,  Ohio. 


RADFORD,  THOMAS  C.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  October 
3d,  1S35,  and  is  of  Scotch  and  Irish  extraction. 
His  education  was  acquired  in  the  literary  insti- 
tutions of  his  native  State.  After  leaving  school 
he  determined  to  make  the  practice  of  medicine  a 
profession,  and  for  that  purpose  he  entered  Jefferson  College 
in  Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College  in  New'  York  city,  where  he  was  graduated  in  the 
spring  of  1864.  The  superior  advantages  of  tlie  Eastern 
medical  colleges  over  the  Western,  for  obtaining  a thorough 
scientific,  medical  and  surgical  education,  led  Dr.  Bradford 
first  to  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  to  be  pre- 
pared by  their  unequalled  didactic  course  of  instruction  for 
the  clinical  study  of  disease  at  the  bedside  in  the  large 
charity  institutions  of  New  York  city,  to  one  of  which,  as  its 
name  indicates,  Bellevue  College  is  attached,  and  in  which 
the  most  able  faculty  of  the  school  taught  the  student  first 
the  theory  and  then  the  practice  at  the  bedside  in  the  dif- 
ferent w'ards  of  those  great  hospitals.  With  such  advantages 
and  close  application  to  his  studies  he  w'as  enabled  to  pass  a 
creditable  examination  on  each  branch  of  the  profession,  and 
was  graduated.  His  education  having  been  purchased  by 
the  proceeds  of  his  ow'n  labor,  it  was  considered  too  valuable 
to  be  thrown  away.  Consequently  directly  after  the  school 
closed  in  1864,  he  located  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  His  arrival  in  Cincin- 
nati was  opportune  indeed,  as  within  a very  short  lime  of 
his  appearance  in  the  field  several  of  the  oldest  physicians 
of  both  schools  w'ere  removed  by  de.ath,  leaving  a large 
opening  that  some  one  could  fill  w'ithout  trending  on  the 
toes  of  any  one.  Thus  he  early  found  use  for  the  knowledge 
gained  at  school,  and  by  constant  and  w-ell-directed  efforts 
he  has  gained  the  position  he  now'  holds  in  the  city  and 
profession.  Dr.  Bradford’s  life  has  thus  been  devoted 
entirely  to  the  healing  art.  Having  had  all  of  his  time 
absorbed  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  has  taken  no 
active  part  in  politics  and  therefore  is  not  known  in  the 
political  world.  He  has  a fine  medical  and  miscellaneous 
library,  to  w'hich  he  is  greatly  attached.  Of  the  Bulte  Med- 


ical College  he  is  Treasurer,  a member  of  the  faculty,  and 
also  one  of  the  incorporators  of  that  institution.  In  religion 
he  is  a Protestant,  being  a member  of  the  Second  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Cincinnati,  of  which  Rev.  Thomas  1 1. 
Skinner,  D.D.,  is  pastor.  Dr.  Bradford  w'.as  married  on 
October  6lh,  1868,  to  M.  A.  McCroskey,  of  his  native  city. 


LEXANDER,  WILLIAM  IL,  Lawyer,  and  In- 
surance Agent,  was  born  April  nth,  1832,  at 
Fredericktown,  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  of  .Scotch  and  German  descent,  and  a son 
of  Andrew  Alexander,  an  extensive  coal  merchant 
and  agriculturist  in  his  day.  William  received 
instruction  in  the  old  log  school  house  on  the  banks  of  the 
Monongahela  river,  and  completed  his  education  at  Car- 
michael’s Academy,  in  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania.  When 
twenty-three  years  old,  he  removed  to  Knox  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  engaged  in  teaching  school,  at  the  same  time 
reading  law'  under  the  supervision  of  Vance  & Cooper,'or 
Mount  Vernon.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he  removed 
to  Canton,  in  Stark  county,  where  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  partnership  with  W.  K.  Upham. 
After  continuing  a few  years  in  this  connection  he  relin- 
quished the  law',  in  order  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  insur- 
ance as  a profession,  and  removing  to  Toledo,  in  the 
autumn  of  1867,  he  engaged  actively  in  this  business. 
Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1870,  being  assisted  therein 
by  E.  O.  Brown  and  C.  E.  Bliven,  he  succeeded  in  perfect- 
ing and  putting  into  practical  operation  what  is  termed  the 
“ Toledo  Schedule  Rating.”  While  not  entirely  new,  this 
mode  of  rating  was  then  for  the  first  time  made  practicable ; 
and  the  surveying  and  rating  of  the  entire  city  of  Toledo 
was  the  first  instance  on  record  of  the  application  of  the 
system  to  a whole  city.  He  has  continued  since  that  date 
to  perfect  the  schedule,  until  it  is  now  acknowledged  to  be 
the  most  finished  and  just  method  of  fixing  an  adequate  and 
exact  rate  for  insurance.  Notwithstanding  the  opposition  it 
has  met,  many  of  the  first  insurance  men  believe  it  to  be  the 
best  mode  of  determining  rates,  and  that  it  will  come  into 
general  favor.  Its  perfection  is  mainly  due  to  the  genius, 
perseverance  and  application  of  William  H.  Alexander. 


TEEL,  SAMUEL  F.,  Law'yer,  Judge  of  the  Second 
Subdivision  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  Ohio, 
W'as  born  in  Hillsborough,  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  July  5th,  1837.  He  w'as  the  fourth  child  in 
a family  of  six  children  whose  parents  were 
Samuel  Steel  and  Ann  J.  (Russell)  .Steel.  His 
father,  a native  of  Ireland,  near  Londonderry,  w'as  through 
life  a Presbyterian  clergyman,  who,  after  attaining  enviable 
distinction  as  a zealous  and  able  spiritual  counsellor  and 


BIOGRAnilCAL  EXCVCLOP.in )IA. 


29 


guide,  died  in  November,  1S69.  His  mother,  a native  of 
riiiladelphia,  Pennsylvania,  was  a daughter  of  Captain 
Russell,  commander  of  a merchantman  that  was  lost  at  sea. 
He  received  a liberal  preliminary  and  literary  education, 
w.as  a student  for  one  year  at  the  Miami  University  of  Ohio, 
and  for  the  same  length  of  time  attended  the  Centre  College 
of  Danville,  Kentucky.  For  one  year  also  he  pursued  a 
course  of  studies  at  the  Princeton  College  of  New  Jersey. 
After  graduating  in  1859,  he  began  teaching  school,  as 
private  tutor  for  Mrs.  Whitney,  and  was  engaged  at  this 
occupation  for  three  years.  In  1S62  he  returned  to  Hills- 
borough, Highland  county,  Ohio,  and  there — having  studied 
law  while  sustaining  the  role  of  educator — resumed  his  legal 
studies.  In  the  fall  of  1S64  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  subse- 
quently engaged  in  successful  professional  labors,  making 
rapid  strides  toward  the  leading  rank  of  practitioners,  until 
the  fall  of  1871,  the  dale  of  his  election  as  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas  Court.  In  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
this  honor.rble  position  he  has  since  been  assiduously 
engaged.  He  is  one  of  the  youngest  Judges  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  yet  the  possessor  of  the  confidence  of  the  general 
community,  and  the  sincere  esteem  of  his  brethren  at  the 
bar,  and  on  the  bench.  His  political  conceptions  and 
principles  are  embodied  in  the  rule  of  action  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  to  which,  accordingly,  he  lends  his  influence 
and  support.  Religiously,  he  favors  the  doctrines  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  was  married  in  1875  1°  Mary  F. 
Poor,  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 


ENT,  MARVIN,  Projector  and  ex-President  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  was  born 
at  Ravenna,  Ohio,  September  21st,  1816.  His 
father,  Zenas  Kent,  was  a joiner  and  carpenter  by 
trade.  When  a young  man,  he  formed  the 
acquaintance  of  Captain  Heman  Oriatt.  This 
gentleman  discovered  in  Mr.  Kent  high  qualifications  for 
business  pursuits,  and  in  1815  succeeded  in  inducing  him  to 
embark  in  mercantile  life  at  Ravenna.  The  executive  and 
financial  ability  which  he  displayed,  coupled  with  entcr]n  ise 
and  methodical  management  of  his  affairs,  soon  made  him 
one  of  the  most  successful  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  reput- 
able merchants  of  northern  Ohio.  It  was  in  his  establish- 
ment that  his  son,  Marvin  Kent,  was  trained.  Up  to  the 
age  of  nineteen,  his  time  was  alternated  between  his  father’s 
store  and  the  school.  His  education  was  finished  at Tall- 
madge  Academy,  and  while  it  was  in  progress  he  was  being 
inducted  into  the  practical  details  of  mercantile  life.  In  his 
nineteenth  year  his  father  intrusted  him  with  the  purchase 
of  his  spring  stock  of  goods,  and  for  this  purpose  he  visited 
Philadelphia  and  New  York,  having  special  instructions  to 
buy  on  his  own  judgment  and  to  disregard  the  advice  of 


others  relative  to  the  investments  he  had  in  contemplation. 
His  father  was  pleased  with  his  purchases,  and  with  the  high 
order  of  mercantile  skid  which  his  son,  at  so  early  a period 
in  life,  had  exhibited.  In  183S,  the  year  following  the 
attainment  of  his  majority,  Marvin  became  associated  with 
his  father  in  mercantile  business  at  Franklin  Mills,  Ohio, 
now  Kent,  but  on  account  of  the  precarious  state  of  his 
health  relimjuished  it  soon,  and  embarked  in  tanning  in  an 
establishment  erected  by  his  father  and  Captain  John  Brow  n, 
subsequently  of  Harper’s  Ferry  notoriety.  While  thus 
engaged  he  was  married  to  Maria,  daughter  of  the  late 
Colonel  William  Stewart.  He  conducted  the  tannery  with 
success  for  some  years,  and  in  1844  returned  to  mercantile 
life,  becoming  at  the  same  time  largely  interested  in  the 
manufacture  of  flour.  In  the  latter  business  he  continued 
without  interruption  for  about  twenty  years.  In  1S50  in 
company  with  others  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
window'  glass  at  Franklin  Mills,  and  erected  and  placed  in 
operation  extensive  w'orks.  It  W'as  during  the  same  year 
that  he  entered  upon  the  most  important  labor  of  his  life, 
and  which  secured  to  him  a reputation  that  must  be  co-ex- 
istent  with  the  grand  public  work  he  carried  to  completion. 
He  projected  in  1850  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, designeel  to  connect  the  Erie  with  the  Ohio  and  Mis- 
sissippi Railway,  and  to  form  a grand  trunk  line,  uniform 
in  gauge  its  entire  length,  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis.  In 
1851  the  necessary  legislation  was  obtained,  but  in  order  to 
secure  the  charter  he  was  obligeil  to  subscribe  fer  the  full 
amount  of  stock  reejuired  by  law  for  the  organization  of  the 
company,  etc.,  as  well  as  to  indemnify  some  of  the  first  Board 
of  Directors  for  the  payment  of  one  share  subscribed  by  each 
to  make  them  eligible  for  election.  This  was  necessary,  as 
little  confidence  w'as  then  felt  in  the  success  of  so  great  an 
undertaking.  The  organization  of  the  new  cempany  was 
completed  by  the  choice  of  Mr.  Kent  as  Piesident.  This 
res]X)nsible  position  he  filled  with  the  highest  integrity  and 
ability,  excepting  an  interval  of  three  years,  until  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road  in  1S64.  On  June  2lst  of  that  year  he 
had  the  indescribable  satisfaction  of  driving  the  last  spike 
in  the  last  rail.  In  his  maiden  speech,  delivered  upon  this 
auspicious  occasion,  he  referred  to  the  fact  that  on  the  4lh 
day  of  July,  1853,  he  had  broken  ground  for  the  new  road 
wilh  his  own  hands,  and  removed  the  fust  shovelful  of 
earth.  It  was  especially  gratifying  to  him  to  particiiiate  in 
the  ceremony  of  finishing  the  road,  which,  united  wilh  the 
Erie  and  the  Mississippi  Railway,  formed  40011111101113!  line, 
with  a gauge  of  six  feet,  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis.  '1  his 
road,  projected  by  Mr.  Kent,  encountered  perhaps  more 
opposition  in  its  construction  than  any  other  in  the  Union, 
yet  notwithstanding  the  obstacles  that  were  constantly  set 
in  the  way  of  this  grand  undertaking,  he  carried  it  foiward 
with  unwavering  energy,  and  was  at  length  renarded  with 
the  honors  of  a triuni|ih.  The  Poiinge  County  Democrat,  of 
June  3d,  1863,  contained  this  tribute  of  respect  to  him: 
“ The  location  of  the  shops  at  Franklin  Mills  is  doubtless 


292 


BIOGRAPHICAL 

due  to  the  position  and  influence  of  Marvin  Kent,  Esq.,  the  ^ 
President  of  the  road,  who  resides  at  that  point.  If  any  man 
ought  to  be  gratified  and  benefited  by  the  location  of  the 
shops,  it  is  President  Kent.  He  was  not  only  the  early 
friend  of  this  road,  but  if  we  are  correctly  informed,  he 
originated  the  idea  of  its  construction.  In  carrying  forward 
this  great  improvement  to  its  completion  he  has  toiled  and 
struggled  for  over  twelve  years,  amidst  doubt  and  discour-  ' 
agement,  amidst  jeers  and  sneers  and  obloquy.  While 
others  hesitated,  he  stood  fast;  when  the  fainthearted  turned 
aside,  he  persevered  with  unfaltering  nerve  and  courage; 
when  timid  friends  forsook,  he  succeeded  in  raising  up  other 
friends  and  in  attracting  capital  to  this  great  work  ; and  thus 
with  a patience,  a courage,  an  assiduity,  an  unswerving 
fidelity  to  a single  aim  that  reaches  the  jroint  of  real  heroism, 
h.rs  he  held  on  his  way  through  twelve  laborious  years  of 
llucluations,  vicissitudes,  and  uncertainties,  neglecting  or 
abandoning  his  private  business,  pledging  or  imperilling,  or 
at  least  casting  into  the  hazard  of  success  his  large  private 
fortune  for  the  benefit  of  his  cherished  enterprise.  And  yet 
he  has  labored  all  this  time  without  general  .appreciation; 
the  select  few,  more  intimately  associated  in  official  rela- 
tions with  him,  only  knowing  and  appreciating  his  trials 
and  his  toils.  But  it  is  time  the  man  to  whom,  more  than 
to  any  other,  the  country  is  indebted  for  this  great  and  lead- 
ing road  should  be  understood  and  appreciated,  for  every  j 
man  and  every  community  benefited  by  the  construction  of 
this  road  owis  to  Marvin  Kent  a debt  of  gratitude.  He  is 
to  be  congratulated  on  the  success  which  the  intelligence, 
the  ability,  and  the  fixe  1 and  resolute  purpose  which  he  has 
brought  to  bear  on  the  enterprise,  have  accomplished. 
Who,  under  these  circumstances,  can  grudge  to  Mr.  Kent 
the  location  of  the  extensive  machine  shops  in  the  place  of  i 
his  residence?  Who,  more  than  he,  and  what  community  ! 
than  the  one  flavored  by  his  residence  among  them,  can  be 
more  entitled  to  the  benefit?  ” Upon  the  completion  of  this 
road,  and  the  successful  consummation  of  his  project,  Mr. 
Kent  substantially  retired  from  business  to  the  enjoyment 
of  private  life.  Upon  the  death  of  his  father  in  1865,  he  j 
became  his  successor  as  President  of  the  Kent  National 
Bank,  which  ever  since  its  organization  has  been  in  a pros- 
perous condition.  At  the  election  in  October,  1875,  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  the  Twenty-sixth  District  of  Ohio  in  the 
•State  Senate.  Mr.  Kent  is  a gentleman  of  varied  experi- 
ence and  of  varied  business  qualifications,  equally  capable 
as  an  engineer  or  as  financial  man.ager  to  conduct  a great 
public  work.  He  has  remarkable  tenacity  of  purpose,  and 
once  resolved  as  to  the  value  of  an  enterprise,  no  human 
obstacle  can  prevent  him  from  carrying  it  out.  It  was  this 
undaunted  perseverance  that  carved  success  out  of  most 
adverse  circumstances,  in  the  construction  of  the  Atlantic  & 
Great  Western  road.  He  is  a man  of  liberal  views  and 
generous  impulses,  and  has  in  a great  variety  of  ways  aided 
in  advancing  the  material  welfare  of  those  among  whom  he 
lives.  I 


ENCVCLfllP.EDI.V. 

ARNEK,  SIDNEY  LARDERS,  Banker  and  Mer- 
chant, was  born  April  loth,  1S29,  in  Suffield, 
Connecticut,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Ohio, 
locating  at  first  in  Portage  county,  whence  they 
subsequently  removed  to  Wellington,  Lorain 
county.  He  received  a common  school  education 
in  different  schools  in  northern  Ohio,  and  also  studied  at 
an  academy  in  Norwalk,  and  at  Oberlin  College.  When 
about  twenty  years  of  age  he  commenced  operations  as  a 
farmer  and  stock-dealer;  and  by  habits  of  economy  and 
careful  investments  accumulated  a large  jwoperly.  He  is 
now  engaged  in  banking  and  also  clieese  dealing.  He  is 
one  of  the  firm  of  Hon,  Warner  & Co.,  of  Wellington,  cheese 
manufacturers  and  dealers,  and  is  also  a partner  in  the  hou.se 
of  Braman,  Hon  & Warner,  of  Elyria,  Ohio,  cheese  dealers. 
He  is  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wellington, 
and  a Director  of  the  Savings  Bank  of  Elyria.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1S63. 
In  1865  he  was  elected  .State  Treasurer,  and  re-elected  in 
both  1867  and  1869,  being  the  only  person  in  the  State  who 
ever  held  th.at  office  for  three  terms  in  succession  under  the 
present  constitution.  He  is  connected  with  the  Citizens’ 
Mutual  Relief  Association  of  Wellington  in  the  capacity  of 
President.  He  is  regarded  by  the  entire  community  as  a 
valued  citizen,  an  eminent  financier,  and  possessing  qualities 
of  a high  order.  He  is  pleasant  and  affable  in  his  manners, 
and  esteemed  by  everyone.  He  was  married  in  the  autumn 
of  1S51  to  Margaret  A.  Bradner,  of  Huntingdon,  Ohio. 


^^IBSON,  THOMAS,  Plumber,  was  born  in  1823,  in 
Newland  parish,  Scotland,  and  came  to  the  United 
States  when  but  eight  years  of  age.  He  first  found 
employment  in  a bakery  in  New  York  city,  where 
he  worked  a short  time,  and  subsequently  worked 
for  two  and  a half  years  in  a screw  nail  factory  in 
the  village  of  Ramapo,  New  York  .State.  He  then  removed 
to  the  western  country  and  p;issed  five  years  on  a farm  in 
Missouri.  W'hen  sixteen  years  old  he  arrived  in  Cincinnati, 
literally  penniless.  In  that  city  he  entered  the  plumbing 
establishment  of  his  uncle,  Peter  Gibson,  which  the  latter 
founded  in  1832,  and  was  the  first  industry  of  the  kind  at 
that  period.  He  thoroughly  mastered  all  the  minutioe  of  the 
trade,  and  has  been  ever  since  connected  with  the  concern 
in  some  capacity,  and  extending  over  a period  of  thirty-seven 
years.  In  1845  he  was  admitted  as  a partner,  the  firm  being 
known  as  Peter  & Thomas  Gibson.  Their  house  was  then 
located  on  Walnut  between  Third  and  Fourth  streets.  In 
1856  Peter  Gibson  retired  from  the  firm,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  son,  J.  B.  Gibson,  now  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
Gibson  I louse.  The  style  of  the  house  was  changed  to 
J.  B.  & T.  Gibson,  and  the  establishment  was  removed  to 
the  present  site.  Nos.  200  and  202  Vine  street,  a building 
which  they  erected  for  their  own  purposes.  In  1871  another 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCI.OP.KDIA. 


293 


change  occurred  by  reason  of  the  senior  partner  disposing 
of  his  interest  in  the  business  to  Calvin  Zell  and  Robert 
Carlisle,  when  the  firm  name  became  Thomas  Gibson  & Co., 
and  so  remains.  The  house  is  also  connected  with  a brass 
foundry,  of  which  L.  Maxwell  Is  the  active  partner.  The 
establishment  of  Thomas  Gibson  & Co.  is  the  oldest  in  Cin- 
cinnati of  the  kind,  and  when  first  founded,  the  proprietors 
were  their  own  workmen.  Now,  a large  number  of  hands 
is  constantly  employed  to  execute  the  many  large  orders 
with  which  they  are  charged.  The  great  increase  in  their 
business  is  largely  owing  to  the  high  character  of  the  pro- 
prietors and  the  mode  of  conducting  their  business.  Not 
only  do  they  attend  to  the  higher  class  of  work  demanded 
in  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  but  their  reputation  has  extended 
to  other  towns  and  cities  and  the  surrounding  countrv’,  from 
which  they  have  secured  an  extensive  patronage.  They  are 
thoroughly  alive  to  all  the  improvements  and  inventions 
incident  to  their  special  line  of  work,  and  many  of  the  most 
celebrated  foreign  appliances  are  daily  produced  and  used  in 
their  business.  The  present  senior  member  of  the  firm, 
Thomas  Gilison,  has  taken  a great  interest  in  all  those  public 
movements  which  tend  to  develop  the  welfare  of  the  city, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Managers  for 
the  Mechanics’  Institute.  He  is  also  a constant  laborer  in 
his  church,  and  is  a gentleman  who  exemplifies  his  principles 
both  in  his  business  and  daily  life. 


NDREWS,  ALANSON,  Jr.,  President  of  the 
Union  Manufacturing  Company  of  Toledo,  was 
born  June  4th,  1841,  at  Wales,  Massachusetts,  on 
which  day  also  his  mother  died  in  giving  him 
birth ; his  father  died  at  Loudenville,  Ohio,  in 
1S50.  When  he  was  four  years  old  he  was  placed 
with  his  grandparents,  then  residing  at  Ashland,  Ohio,  where 
he  lived  and  where  he  attended  school  until  his  seventeenth 
year.  He  then  evinced  a strong  desire  for  travel,  trusting 
that  he  might  find  some  opening  whereby  he  could  improve 
his  fortunes.  He  effected  an  engagement  with  a family 
westward  bound  as  a teamster,  and  on  their  arrival  in  Mis- 
souri, which  was  their  destination,  he  continued  to  act  in 
that  capacity  in  Howard  county,  for  the  space  of  one  year. 
He  afteiwvards  removed  to  the  southwestern  part  of  the  same 
State,  in  company  with  one  Winought,  wdiose  family  con- 
sisted of  his  wife  and  a Root-Digger  Indian,  whom  Winought 
had  previously  brought  from  California.  Andrews  took 
with  him  some  cattle  wdiich  he  had  received  in  lieu  of 
money,  in  return  for  his  hard  work.  On  arriving  in  Vernon 
county,  he  allowed  his  stock  to  be  used  in  part  payment  for 
Winought’s  farm,  and  these  tw’o  then  labored  diligently  in 
fencing  in  the  land,  and  in  breaking  ground  for  the  crop, 
but  it  was  the  year  when  a terrible  drought  prevailed 
throughout  Missouri,  and  all  their  labors  proved  a total 
failure,  and  Andrews  became  so  discouraged  that  he  left 


that  country.  With  but  ten  dollars  in  his  pocket  he  com- 
menced his  journey.  He  succeederl  in  hiring  himself  to  a 
man  who  was  driving  hogs  to  southern  Illinois,  in  return 
for  which  service  he  and  his  pony  were  provided  for. 
When  he  had  reached  their  point  of  destination,  he  went 
to  work  husking  corn,  being  paid  therefor  at  fifty  cents  per 
day,  but,  not  being  as  proficient  as  the  older  hands,  was 
soon  discharged.  He  then  started  for  northern  Illinois 
with  his  pony,  but  as  his  funds  were  exhausted,  he  was 
obliged  to  stop  and  try  corn-husking  again,  being  compen- 
sated therefor  at  the  old  rate.  When  again  ready  to  resume 
his  travels,  his  little  friend,  the  pony,  had  died.  With  the 
money  now  due  him,  and  which  he  received,  he  purchased 
a ticket  on  the  Illinois  river  to  take  him  to  Geneseo,  Illinois, 
where  his  brother  and  other  relatives  resided.  After  obtain- 
ing his  ticket,  he  had  but  twenty-five  cents  remaining,  and 
when  at  midnight  he  w'as  to  change  cars,  he  was  obliged  to 
wait  for  the  morning  train  to  carry  him  to  his  destination, 
and  this  he  did  beside  a heap  of  coals  and  hot  ashes  left 
there  by  the  locomotive,  and  by  means  of  wdiich  he  gained 
a little  W'armth.  Covered  with  cinders  he  arrived  at  Geneseo 
and  presented  himself  to  his  relatives,  w ho  were  among  the 
first  citizens  of  the  jilace.  He  soon  obtained  w'ork  on  a farm, 
where  he  continued  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  w'ar, 
wdien  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  Company  H,  of  the  59th 
Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  the  company  then  commanded 
by  Captain  John  Simpson,  who  is  now  the  General  Super- 
intendent of  the  Terre  Haute  & Indianapolis  Railroad. 
After  .spending  some  time  at  Camp  Morton,  the  troops  were 
ordered  to  Pittsburgh  Landing,  in  Tennessee.  He  was  at 
Corinth,  both  at  the  capture  of  that  place,  and  in  the  fight 
between  Price  and  Vandorn,  in  their  attempts  to  recapture 
that  point.  He  also  participated  in  the  Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion, down  the  Black  river,  and  at  the  taking  of  Jackson, 
Mississippi.  At  the  battle  of  Champion  Hills,  in  the  last- 
named  State,  he  w'as  wounded  through  both  thighs,  left  on 
the  field  with  the  wounded,  and  so  taken  prisoner.  In  about 
six  weeks  thereafter,  he  was  paroled  and  sent  to  Memiihis. 
He  was  thence  transferred  to  the  Invalid  Corps  at  St.  Louis, 
where,  at  the  I'ourth  street  hospital,  he  was  placed  in  charge 
of  undertakers’  orders  and  passes  for  the  inmates  and  attend- 
ants. The  first  time  he  indulged  in  a walk  outside,  he 
happened  to  pass  along  the  levee  when  he  sighted  a steamer 
wdiich  seemed  familiar  to  him,  as  indeed  it  proved  to  be  the 
one  in  which  his  company  had  previously  been  transported. 
He  found  on  board  an  old  companion  in  arms,  one  of  the 
few  of  the  command  wdio  still  survived  the  vicissitudes  of 
war.  None  but  a soldier  can  understand  or  ajipreciate  the 
feelings  of  both,  as  they  clasped  hands  after  so  long  an 
absence,  and  after  parting  on  the  battle-field.  As  the  men 
were  under  guard  at  that  time  and  not  allow'ed  the  privileges 
of  the  city,  he  was  not  there  long  wdth  his  )iasses,  befoie 
they  succeeded  in  obtaining  their  lilierty.  On  the  following 
day,  when  the  boat  was  leaving  for  Vicksburg,  with  his 
company  to  join  their  regiment  (they  having  been  detailed 


294 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOP/EDIA. 


to  proceed  to  St.  Louis  as  guards  over  a large  number  of 
prisoners)  that  d.iy  was  the  last  of  his  services  as  a member 
of  the  Invalid  Corps.  On  arriving  at  Vicksburg  he  was 
made  an  instructor  of  a company  of  colored  troops  destined 
for  a regiment  then  forming.  They  succeeded  in  enlisting 
men,  but  where  there  was  one  recruit  brought  to  camp  by 
the  men,  they  passed  the  remainder  of  the  day  in  burying 
some  of  those  already  recruited.  Owing  to  the  various 
diseases,  at  that  time  prevailing  in  camp,  it  was  almost  im- 
possible to  keep  up  the/ numerical  strength  of  the  companies. 
When  his  regiment  received  marching  orders,  he  accom- 
lianied  tltein.  They  embarked  from  Vicksburg  for  Mem- 
phis, and  thence  across  the  country  to  Chattanooga.'  He 
was  in  General  .Sherman’s  command,  although  not  on  ac- 
tive service,  being  still  lame  from  his  wound.  Through 
carelessness  on  the  first  night  of  the  att.ack  on  Mission 
Ridge,  he  was  captured,  taken  to  Belle  Island,  where  he 
was  detained  during  the  entire  winter.  In  the  following 
spring  he  was  removed  to  Andersonville,  where  he  remained 
for  si.\  months,  and  subsequently  taken  to  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  where  he  was  placed  under  the  fire  of  the  Union 
guns.  His  prison  e.\perience  was  by  no  means  pleasant. 
As  the  shot  passed  over  the  heads  of  boys  in  blue  they 
would  greet  it  with  a cheer;  and,  in  fact,  the  only  regret 
seemed  to  be  that  the  shot  did  not  come  nearer.  The 
Union  prisoners  were  again  removed  to  Elorence,  South 
Carolina,  where  they  continued  over  fourteen  months,  and 
finally  took  passage  on  a government  transport  bound  to 
Annapolis,  Maryland,  reaching  there  too  late  to  take  any 
further  part  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  which  was 
nearly  at  an  end.  He  was  finally  mustered  out  of  the  ser- 
vice at  Indianapolis,  Indiana;  shortly  after  which  be  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  a situation  on  the  railroad,  first  as  fire- 
man, and  then  as  brakesman.  After  some  time  occupied 
in  these  duties,  he  relinquished  the  railway,  and,  having 
saved  some  money  while  a prisoner  of  war,  he  invested  the 
amount  in  a patent  right;  but  after  a year’s  experience,  he 
found  all  his  means  had  been  swallowed  up,  excepting  the 
sum  of  sixty-five  dollars,  which  he  had  previously  sent  home 
while  in  the  field.  He  had  been  with  his  company  paid 
off,  somewhere  to  the  south  of  Corinth,  Mississippi,  and 
being  desirous  of  saving  a hundred  dollars,  confided  that 
amount  to  an  express  company,  which  charged  him  thirty- 
five  dollars  for  this  service  ! As  an  engagement  was 
anticipated  about  that  time,  a large  amount  of  money  was 
sent  North  by  different  p>arties,  and  probably  on  the  same 
extortionate  terms.  After  be  had  received  the  amount  of 
sixty-five  dollars,  he  started  for  Toledo,  and  after  his  arrival 
there  eng.aged  in  the  lumber  forwarding  business,  assisted 
by  P.  M.  Dinger  of  New  Vork,  and  others,  and  by  means 
of  Philadel[)hia,  Boston  and  Albany  houses,  established  an 
extensive  trade.  He  built  at  this  city  sever.al  vessels,  one 
being  the  schooner"  Benson,”  and  sent  her  to  sea;  she  was 
the  first  vessel  leaving  the  lakes,  loaded  with  grain,  bound 
direct  to  Europe.  He  also  built  the  schooner  “A.  L.  An- 


drews,” so  named  in  honor  of  his  wife.  In  January,  1875, 
he  was  electeil  President,  and  in  the  following  April,  Treas- 
urer of  the  Union  Manufacturing  Company  of  Toledo,  Ohio, 
w hich  positions  he  still  occupies  with  honor  to  himself,  to  his 
business,  and  to  his  associates.  Since  his  connection  with 
the  company,  he  has  succeeded  in  materially  advancing  its 
already  large  business,  and  improving  its  trade  in  many 
ways.  It  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  largest  establish- 
ments in  America,  and  its  products  find  a sale  in  every  city 
of  the  Union.  By  bis  genial  and  affable  manners  he  has 
won  a host  of  friends,  and  those  in  his  em])loy  have  a special 
regard  for  him.  Brave  as  a soldier,  inured  to  hardships  of 
every  description,  he  is  one  of  the  best  representatives  of  the 
self-made  men  of  America.  He  was  married  on  Christmas 
day,  1868,  to  Abby  L.  Andrews,  of  Ashland,  Ohio. 


LEER,  JOHN  W.,  Merchant  and  Brevet  Major- 
General  United  States  Volunteers,  w'as  born  July, 
1827,  in  Cambridge,  lingland,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  with  his  fatber’.s  family  in  1833. 
His  father,  a Baptist  clergyman,  and  a graduate 
of  Bristol  College,  England,  personally  superin- 
tended the  education  of  his  son,  and  to  him  the  latter  is 
largely  indebted  for  whatever  success  he  has  met  with  in 
life.  He  passed  the  years  of  his  boyhood  and  earlier  man- 
hood in  Utica,  New  York,  where  he  was  widely  know'ii  as 
one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  that  place.  In  1858  his 
establishment  was  destroyed  by  fire;  and,  in  the  autumn  of 
the  same  year,  he  removed  to  Toledo.  Previous  to  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  he  was  engaged  in  the  book  pub- 
lishing business,  and  was  extensively  known  as  a leading 
man  in  that  branch  of  trade.  When  the  rebellion  com- 
menced he  left  a prosperous  business  and  a young  family, 
to  join  the  Union  army.  Having  had  a taste  for  military 
matters,  he  had  for  some  years  been  studying  tactics,  and 
thus  hail  prepared  himself  for  the  work  he  was  about  to 
undertake,  and  although  he  was  comparatively  a stranger  in 
Ohio,  he  was,  after  a few  weeks’  service  on  the  staff  of 
General  Hill,  in  West  Virginia,  a]ipointed  to  the  command 
of  the  27th  Ohio  Infantry.  He  entered  the  field  with  his 
regiment  in  August,  1861,  and  served  in  the  cam])aign 
of  Missouri,  ioini)ig  General  P'remont  at  Springfield  about 
the  first  of  November.  In  February,  1862,  his  regiment 
formed  a part  of  the  force  under  the  command  of  Gen- 
eral Pope  which  drove  the  enemy  out  of  New  Madrid, 
and  which,  in  April,  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  captured 
Island  Number  Ten,  together  with  several  thousand  pris- 
oners. He  remained  under  General  Pope  until  after  the 
evacuation  of  Corinth  by  Beauregard.  In  July,  1862,  he 
was  ]ilaced  in  command  of  the  Ohio  Brigade,  which  soon 
became  among  the  most  famous  in  the  Western  army.  This 
brigade  was  composed  of  the  27th  (Fuller’s),  39th  (Governor 
Noyes),  43d  (General  Wager  Swayne),  and  the  63d  (Gen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOICL  DIA. 


295 


eral  Sprague).  At  luka  this  brigade  came  to  the  fight 
only  to  see  its  close,  but  at  the  battle  of  Corinth  it  played 
so  conspicuous  a part,  that  Colonel  Fuller  was  specially 
mentioned  by  Generals  Hanley  and  Rosecrans,  and  he  was 
afterwards  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  for 
services  at  this  battle.  In  December,  1862,  his  command 
fought  Forrest  at  Parker’s  Cross  Roads,  Tennessee,  driving 
him  across  the  Tennessee  river,  capturing  seven  pieces  of 
artillery  and  three  hundred  and  sixty  prisoners.  In  March, 
1864,  he  crossed  the  Tennessee  river  with  his  forces  by 
night  and  captured  Decatur,  Al.abama,  at  daylight,  which 
place  they  strongly  fortified.  In  the  Atlanta  campaign  his 
brigade  was  conspicuous  at  Resaca,  Dallas  and  at  Kenesaw 
Mountain.  Early  in  July  he  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  4th  Division,  l6th  Army  Corps.  In  the  battle  of 
Atlanta,  on  July  22d,  his  command  bore  an  important  part, 
and  for  his  services  in  this  battle  he  was  subsequently  made 
M.ajor-General  by  brevet.  He  marched  with  Sherman  to 
the  sea,  then  from  Savannah,  Georgia,  to  Raleigh,  North 
Carolina,  where  Johnston  surrendered,  and  the  war  closed. 
After  being  honorably  discharged  from  the  service,  he 
returned  to  Toledo,  where  he  resumed  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness, and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  that  city. 
He  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Fuller,  Childs  & Co., 
one  of  the  largest  boot  and  shoe  houses  in  the  Northwest. 
He  is  also  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  Port  and  District 
of  Toledo,  having  been  aitpointed  to  that  position  by  Presi- 
dent Grant.  In  politics  he  is  a staunch  Republican.  He 
was  married  in  1853  to  Anna  B.  Rathbun,  of  Utica,  New 
York. 

ATTHE\Y.S,  HON.  ALBERT  G.,  Lawyer,  ex, 
‘’"414’  i ex-Mayor,  of  Hillsborough,  Highland 

county,  Ohio,  was  born  near  the  aforesaid  town, 
March  31st,  1819.  He  was  the  sixth  child  in  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  whose  parents  were 
John  Matthews  and  Mary  (Hussey)  Matthews. 
His  father,  a native  of  North  Carolina,  followed  through 
life  mainly  agricultural  pursuits;  in  June,  1805,  he  moved  to 
Ohio,  settling  in  Highland  county,  where  he  resided  until 
his  demise,  August  17th,  1848.  His  name  is  prominent  in 
the  annals  of  the  early  growth  and  initial  development  of 
Highland  county;  he  was  for  fourteen  years  one  of  the 
Associate  Judges  of  that  county;  and  for  a number  of  years 
was  also  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  County  Commissioner. 
His  mother,  a native  of  Tennessee,  a daughter  of  Chris,  Hus- 
sey, one  of  the  adventurous  pioneers  of  Greene  county,  Ohio, 
died  April  22d,  1866.  Until  he  had  attained  his  majority, 
his  days  were  passed  alternately  in  laboring  on  his  father’s 
farm  during  the  summer  season,  and  in  attending  school 
through  the  winter  months.  He  also  passed  one  term  in 
literary  study  at  Hillsborough  Academy,  in  Highland 
county,  Ohio.  In  December,  1840,  his  store  of  scholarly 
attainments  having  assumed  fair  dimensions,  he  engaged  in 


teaching  school  in  the  same  county,  and  in  that  and  Ross 
county  found  steady  occupation  as  an  educator,  for  a period 
of  lour  years.  In  the  final  year  of  his  experience  as  a 
teacher,  he  commenced  the  reading  of  law,  under  the  super- 
vision of  McDowell  and  Collins,  of  Hillsborough,  and  in 
1845  attended  a course  of  lectures  at  the  law  school  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  On  the  25th  of  December,  1845,  he 
passed  the  required  examination,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  then  opened  a law  office  in  Hillsborough,  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  ])rimarily,  for 
one  year,  as  a member  of  the  law  firm  with  which  he  had 
begun  his  studies,  afterward  alone  until  March,  1873,  '"’hen 
he  took  into  partnership  with  him  his  present  law  partner, 
Henry  M.  Huggins,  a promising  young  lawyer  of  Hills- 
borough, under  the  firm-name  of  Matthews  & Huggins. 
Since  his  entry  into  professional  life  he  has  resided  ])erma- 
nently  in  Hillsborough,  and  there  conducts  the  affairs  of 
a very  extensive  clientage,  h'or  two  years  he  officiated  as 
Mayor  of  the  town,  and  served  three  years  as  Probate 
Judge,  his  election  dating  from  1854.  To  the  latter  office 
he  was  re-elected  in  i860,  for  a further  period  of  three 
years.  He  has  always  been  more  or  less  intimately  identi- 
fied with  the  educational  ami  public  interests  of  his  native 
county,  and  is,  and  has  been,  uniformly  a valuable  and 
zealous  co-laborer  in  all  measures  and  enterprises  designed 
with  a view  toward  develojiing  fruitfully  the  more  impor- 
tant resources  of  his  .State  and  county.  His  political  views 
and  sentiments  harmonize  with  the  formula  of  the  Demo- 
cratic parly,  and  he  cast  his  first  Presidential  vote  in  favor 
of  Martin  Van  Buren,  in  1S40.  P'or  fifteen  years  he  has 
been  a Deacon  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  in  it  is 
warmly  esteemed  for  his  moral  and  upright  course  of  life. 
January  Slh,  1846,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  J.  McDowell, 
daughter  of  his  old  preceptor,  Joseph  J.  McDowell. 


)jOHNSTON,  G.  W.  C.,  Merchant  and  eleventh 
Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  under  the  present  constitution 
of  Ohio,  was  born  in  that  city,  in  1829.  His  an- 
cestry originally  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland, 
and  settled  in  Cincinnati  at  an  early  date;  in  fact, 
they  were  among  its  pioneers.  After  having  en- 
joyed the  advantages  afforded  by  the  public  schools  of  the 
day,  he  learned  the  trade  of  a house  and  sign  painter,  and 
then  embarked  in  the  business  on  his  own  account,  con- 


tinuing to  follow  his  trade  until  1850,  when  he  became  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1856  he  changed  the 
character  of  his  business  into  a dealer  of  fire-wood,  and 


subsequently  added  coal,  and  this  avocation  he  has  ever 
since  followed,  uninterrupted  by  official  duties.  He  has 
always  been  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
party.  At  an  early  period  he  served  it  as  a member  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  of  which  body  he  was  several  times 
Chairman.  In  1859  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  City 


206 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


Council  from  what  is  now  known  as  tlie  Eiglith  Ward.  In 
l86i  he  was  chosen  member  of  the  .School  Board,  and 
served  for  four  years.  While  in  the  Board  he  was  nomi- 
nated as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  City  Auditor,  but 
failed  to  be  elected,  the  entire  ticket  being  defeated.  In 
1871  he  was  elected,  by  a City  Council  which  was  politi- 
cally opposed  to  him,  a member  of  the  Board  of  Health. 
The  following  year  he  was  chosen  to  the  responsible 
position,  by  a vote  of  the  people,  of  trustee  of  the  Water- 
works for  the  term  of  three  years ; and  while  in  that  office, 
in  April,  1873,  w.is  selected  as  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  Mayor  of  Cincinnati.  He  was  returned  by  a majority 
of  upwards  of  sixteen  hundred  over  an  able  and  popular 
competitor,  who  had  previously  been  m.ayor.  No  Democrat 
had  filled  that  office  for  the  period  of  ten  years.  In  1872 
lie  was  the  chairman  of  the  Hamilton  county  delegation 
to  the  Democratic  State  Convention-  at  Cleveland,  which 
selected  the  delegates  to  the  National  Presidential  Conven- 
tion and  the  Presidential  electors.  In  1875,  his  term  as 
mayor  expiring,  he  was  unanimously  nominated  by  the 
Democracy  for  re  election.  This  was  the  first  time  in 
twenty  years  that  the  party  had  nominated  a candidate  for 
re-election.  It  was  r.atified  by  the  unusually  large  majority 
of  6397  votes  over  a most  worthy  competitor,  this  majority 
being  nearly  fourfold  as  great  as  he  had  previously  re- 
ceived. Wdiile  he  has  been  thus  active  in  political  life,  he 
has  been  a very  industrious  business  man,  taking  much  in- 
terest in  everything  of  a commercial  character  that  is  de- 
signed to  forward  the  interests  of  Cincinnati. 

of ROUGH,  JOHN,  third  “War  Governor”  of  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  September  lyih, 
'<?  I I 1811.  His  father  emigrated  to  this  country  from 
England  in  1806.  A fellow-passenger  in  the 
ship  was  the  noted  Blennerhasset,  with  whom  he 
afterwards  remained  on  the  most  friendly  rela- 
tions until  his  unfortunate  connection  with  the  Burr  con- 
spiracy. The  mother  of  John  was  a native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  it  was  from  her  he  inherited  the  force  of  character  that 
afterwards  distinguished  him.  He  was  the  oldest  of  three 
sons,  but  second  in  a family  of  five  children.  He  received 
a good  common  school  education.  In  1822  his  father  died, 
leaving  the  family  to  depend  upon  their  own  exertions  for 
support,  and  John  w-ent  into  the  employ  of  Royal  Prentiss, 
a printer  of  Marietta,  and  set  type  for  a few  months.  An 
opportunity  offering,  he  entered  the  Ohio  University,  at 
Athens,  and  while  there  worked  at  his  trade  in  the  early 
morning  and  at  night.  He  made  rapid  progress  in  his 
studies.  Fond  of  out-door  exercise,  he  was  fleet  of  foot 
and  the  best  ball-player  in  the  village.  About  the  time  he 
came  of  age  he  went  to  Parkersburg,  where  he  edited  the 
Gazette  of  that  place.  Returning  to  Marietta,  he  published 
and  edited  the  IVashin^ton  Comity  Republican  for  a short 


time.  In  1833  he  purchased  the  Ohio  Eagle,  at  Lancaster, 
which  he  edited  for  five  years,  spending  his  winters  at  the 
State  capital,  where  he  was  Clerk  of  the  upper  House  of 
the  Legislature.  It  was  here  that  he  began  to  exhibit  the 
financial  ability  that  distinguisheil  him  in  after  life.  He 
was  a member  of  the  lower  House  in  1838-39,  being 
elected  to  represent  the  counties  of  Fairfield  and  Hocking, 
and  was  an  outspoken  and  vigorous  legislator,  e.specially 
upon  financial  questions.  He  was  afterwards  elected  State 
Auditor,  in  recognition  of  his  services,  although  he  was 
bitterly  opposed  by  some  of  the  leading  men  of  his  party. 
He  held  the  office  for  six  years,  and  at  the  beginning  of  his 
term  thoroughly  reorganized  the  office  in  its  business 
details,  and  introduced  many  excellent  reforms  of  an  en- 
during character.  He  made  an  enviable  reputation  by  his 
official  acts,  and  his  annual  reports  are  among  the  most 
valuable  historical  papers  of  the  State.  Especially  had  he 
a keen  scent  in  detecting  corruption,  and  in  hunting  after 
dodging  tax-payers.  In  this  way  he  discovered  and  pre- 
sented claims  against  300,000  acres  of  canal  lands,  the 
owners  of  which  had  successfully  eluded  the  tax-collector 
for  years.  He  earnestly  set  about  to  reform  the  loose  way 
in  which  the  public  money  was  handled,  and  to  introduce  a 
financial  system  that  would  hold  the  State  officers  to  strict 
accountability  in  receipts  and  expenditures.  Opposition 
met  him  at  every  point,  but  it  became  weaker  and  weaker, 
until  his  efforts  met  with  success.  As  one  result  of  this 
reform,  1,020,000  acres  of  land  were  added  to  the  taxable 
list.  The  .State  was  finally  freed  from  pecuniary  embarrass- 
ment and  her  credit  restored,  and  for  this  Ohio  owes  much 
to  the  sterling  integrity  and  financial  ability  of  honest  John 
Brough.  His  views  were  profound  with  regard  to  taxation 
and  retrenchment,  and  his  theories  were  clearly  and  for- 
cibly expounded.  He  devoted  much  time  to  the  subject 
of  the  inequality  in  taxation,  and  jirescribed  a remedy, 
which  was  the  appraisement  of  all  property  at  its  cash 
value,  arguing  that,  though  it  would  undoubtedly  swell  the 
aggregate,  it  would  materially  reduce  the  rate.  His  views 
on  all  questions  were  broad  and  statesmanlike,  and,  al- 
though a Democrat,  he  was  never  bound  by  party  ties. 
While  Auditor  of  the  State  he  bought  the  Ehcenix  news- 
paper, at  Cincinnati,  changed  its  name  to  the  Enquirer, 
and  made  his  brother  Charles  editor.  At  the  close  of  his 
official  term  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati,  de- 
voting a portion  of  his  time  to  the  editing  of  his  paper. 
There  is  some  evidence  that  he  was  ambitious  to  represent 
his  State  in  the  Lhiited  States  Senate,  a position  for  which 
he  was  eminently  fitted  as  an  eloquent  speaker  and  experi- 
enced legislator.  The  pro-slavery  features  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  gradually  estranged  him,  politically,  from  its 
leaders,  and  he  resolved  to  drop  politics,  and  sold  a half 
interest  in  the  Enquirer  to  H.  H.  Robinson.  President 
Polk  offered  him  the  Secretaryship  of  the  Treasury,  but  it 
was  afterwards  withdrawn  without  explanation.  It  is 
probable  that  political  enemies  within  his  party,  who  were 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


displeased  with  his  course  as  State  Auditor,  caused  the 
withdrawal.  He  afterwards  refused  several  diplomatic 
missions,  and  embarked  in  railroad  business.  He  became 
President  of  the  Madison  & Indianapolis  Railroad,  making 
the  former  place-  his  residence.  He  was  remarkably  suc- 
cessful in  his  management  of  that  road  until  1853,  when 
one  of  his  best  friends,  Stillman  Witt,  invited  him  to  go  to 
Cleveland.  He  accepted  the  invitation,  and  was  tendered 
and  accepted  the  position  of  President  of  the  Bellefontaine 
line.  That  road  became,  under  his  management,  prosper- 
ous, and  took  its  position  as  one  of  the  leading  lines  of  the 
countiy.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  and  managed 
the  road  from  that  city.  He  was  an  active  and  successful 
railroad  promoter  for  many  years,  and  may  be  said  to  have 
laid  the  found.ation  of  the  present  system  which  centres  at 
Indianapolis.  He  was  greatly  devoted  to  the  railroad  de- 
velopment of  the  country,  and  after  fifteen  years’  retirement 
from  politics  it  was  with  reluctance  that  he  returned  to 
them.  Nothing  but  pure  love  of  country  moved  him. 
During  the  first  two  years  of  the  war  he  aided  the  Union 
cause  all  that  he  could  in  transporting  troops  promptly  over 
his  road,  and  in  every  other  way  in  his  power.  In  1863 
the  Democrats  nominated  C.  L.  Vallandigham  for  Gover- 
nor, and  this  it  was  startled  Mr.  Brough  into  political  life 
again.  Stillman  Witt,  his  true  friend,  who  was  the  largest 
owner  of  the  Bellefontaine  Railroad,  urged  him  to  go  forth 
in  defence  of  the  United  States.  .So  he  went  to  his  old 
home.  Marietta,  and  delivered  a powerful  speech,  declaring 
.slavery  destroyed  by  act  of  the  reljKtllion,  and  eloquently 
urged  all  men  of  whatever  party  to  come  forward  and  sup- 
port the  government  of  the  United  States.  Soon  after  he 
had  made  this  speech  the  Republican  State  Convention 
met  in  Columbus,  and  John  Brough  was  unanimously 
nominated  for  Governor  of  Ohio.  After  some  hesitation 
he  accepted  the  nomination.  The  concluding  sentence  of 
his  letter  of  acceptance  read  as  follows  : “ I hrfve  but  one 
object  in  accepting  the  position  your  constituents  have 
offered  me,  and  that  is  to  aid  you  and  them  in  sustaining 
the  government  in  the  great  work  of  suppressing  this  most 
wicked  rebellion  and  restoring  our  country  to  its  fonner 
unity  and  glory.”  His  opponent  was  the  nominee  of  the 
anti-war  and  Southern  sympathizing  element  of  the  Democ- 
racy. He  had  been  tried  and  found  guilty  of  inflamma- 
tory and  treasonable  acts  and  utterances,  and  sent  within 
the  rebel  lines.  He  had  warm  adherents,  was  a man  of 
magnetic  power  as  a stump  speaker,  and  was  looked  upon 
by  the  anti-war  Democrats  throughout  the  country  as  a 
martyr  to  principle.  At  the  time  of  his  nomination  he  was 
within  the  rebel  lines,  but  before  the  day  of  election  came 
he  had  made  his  way  by  circuitous  route  to  Canada,  where 
he  took  notes  of  the  political  situation  and  consulted  with 
his  sympathizers.  The  campaign  was  between  a war 
Democrat,  thoroughly  in  sympathy  with  the  administration, 
and  an  anti-war  and  pro-slavery  Democrat,  thoroughly  in 
sympathy  with  the  Southern  Confederacy.  It  was  waged 

38 


297 

with  bitterness,  though  the  success  of  the  Union  candidate 
was  never  doubted.  The  adherents  of  Vallandigham 
openly  boasted  that  they  would  escort  him  to  the  State 
capital  with  an  army  of  a hundred  thousand  in  the  event 
of  his  election.  But  the  news  of  P'ederal  victories  came  to 
still  further  strengthen  the  Union  cause,  and  so  inspired 
were  the  Union-loving  people  that  men  abroad,  on  busine.ss 
or  pleasure  bent,  came  home  to  vote.  The  result  of  the 
election  astounded  the  country  and  raised  it  to  the  highest 
pitch  of  enthusiasm.  It  was  by  far  the  strongest  pledge  of 
devotion  the  government  had  yet  received  from  any  State, 
and  encouraged  the  army  to  renewed  efforts  for  the  sal- 
vation of  the  Union.  The  majority  on  the  home  vote  was 
61,920,  increased  by  the  soldiers’  vote  to  101,099. 
friend,  Stillman  Witt,  generously  volunteered  to  perform 
the  duties  of  president  of  the  railroad,  and  insisted  that 
Governor  Brough  should  receive  the  salary  of  that  office 
while  performing  the  more  important  duties  of  Governor 
of  the  .State.  From  the  time  of  his  inauguration  he  did  all 
in  his  power  for  the  Union  cause,  being  an  intimate  per- 
sonal friend  of  Mr.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War,  and  one  of 
President  Lincoln’s  most  trusted  advisers.  He  entered 
upon  his  duties,  January  nth,  1864,  and  his  inaugural  ad- 
dress was  the  very  essence  of  patriotism  and  good  sense. 
One  of  the  first  acts  of  his  administration  was  to  recom- 
mend that  the  tax  for  the  relief  of  soldiers’  families  be 
largely  increased,  and  when  a suitable  law  was  passed  he 
gave  earnest  attention  to  its  enforcement.  He  carefully 
followed  up  the  work  so  well  begun  by  his  predecessors, 
watching  over  the  interests  of  the  Ohio  soldiers  in  the  field. 
Through  his  zeal  in  their  behalf  he  came  into  conflict  with 
the  Sanitary  Commission.  The  Governor  was  opposed  to 
the  bounty  system  of  obtaining  recruits,  and  believed,  when 
all  other  means  failed,  in  resorting  to  an  impartial  draft. 
He  was  very  vigilant  in  breaking  up  the  treasonable  organi- 
zation known  as  the  “ Sons  of  Liberty,”  or  “ Order  of 
American  Knights,”  founded  for  the  purpose  of  armed  re- 
sistance to  the  authorities,  especially  in  the  enforcement  of 
the  draft.  The  draft  went  forward  promptly  and  peace- 
ably, and  no  armed  resistance  was  offered.  His  zeal  in 
raising  troops  never  flagged,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864,3! 
his  suggestion,  a meeting  of  the  Governors  of  the  .States  of 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin  was  held  in 
Washington  to  consider  his  proposition  to  raise  a sufficient 
number  of  men,  for  a brief  term  of  service,  to  protect  the 
border  from  r.aids  during  Grant’s  and  Sherman’s  final  cam- 
paigns against  the  now  tottering  confederacy.  A propo- 
sition was  agreed  upon  and  submitted  to  tbe  President, 
who  approved  and  accepted  it.  It  called  for  85,000  men 
for  a hundred  days’  term  of  enlistment,  from  five  of  the 
Western  States,  Ohio’s  quota  being  30,000,  or  10,000  in 
excess  of  any  other.  Tbe  call  was  made,  April  25th,  and 
before  ten  days  had  elapsed  Ohio  had  38,000  men  in  cam|) 
and  ready  for  muster.  The  War  Department  was  amazed 
at  the  rapidity  of  this  movement,  and  the  Secretary  warmly 


298 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 


congratulated  the  Governor.  In  one  sense  this  great  move- 
ment was  a failure,  but  it  reflected  more  credit  upon  the 
man  who  conceived  it  than  he  has  ever  received.  The  war 
did  not  end  with  the  term  of  service  of  these  men,  but  their 
patriotism  drew  forth  a warm  eulogy  in  writing  from  Presi- 
dent Lincoln.  Thus  did  this  patriotic  Governor  keep  the 
military  activity  of  Ohio  far  in  advance  of  her  sister  States. 
AVhen  the  war  at  last  closed,  he  gave  great  assistance  to  the 
government  in  the  mustering  out  of  the  Ohio  veterans.  He 
was  also  active  in  providing  a home  for  disabled  soldiers. 
His  zeal  in  promoting  military  operations,  and  the  strict  ac- 
countability which  he  imposed  upon  subordinates,  somewhat 
impaired  his  popularity  and  led  to  an  unfortunate  quarrel 
with  officers  of  the  army.  He  was  not  an  impetuous  man, 
but  he  was  firm  in  his  convictions  and  never  swerved  from 
what  he  considered  to  be  his  duty.  He  declined  to  become 
a candidate  for  Governor  for  a second  term,  on  the  ground 
of  ill  health.  His  health  had  really  begun  to  fail.  The 
assassination  of  Lincoln  fretted  and  wore  upon  him.  In 
June  he  was  so  unfortunate  as  to  sprain  his  ankle.  Not 
being  able  to  take  proper  exercise  his  hand  became  in- 
flamed from  the  impoverished  condition  of  his  blood. 
Gangrene  set  in,  and  for  weeks  he  endured  the  most  un- 
ceasing physical  torture.  The  best  medical  aid  was  sent  to 
him  from  Washington,  where  he  was  held  in  high  esteem, 
and  where  it  was  understood  he  was  to  be  transferred  as 
Secretary  of  War  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  Governor,  if  not 
before.  But  he  was  thoroughly  broken  down,  and  no  pro- 
fessional .skill  could  aid  him.  Passing  into  a state  of  in- 
sensibility he  was  never  after  conscious,  and  died  at  his 
residence  in  Cleveland,  August  29th,  1865,  having  a little 
less  than  one-fourth  his  term  of  service  yet  to  fill.  Thus 
passed  away  one  of  Ohio’s  most  patriotic  citizens.  He  had 
faults,  but  they  are  lightly  looked  upon  now,  and  only  his 
brilliant  record  as  a leading  “ War  Governor”  and  sound 
statesman  are  preserved  in  the  memory  of  the  people.  In 
1S32  he  was  married  to  Achsah  P.  Prudcn,  of  Athens,  Ohio, 
who  died  in  1S3S,  at  the  age  of  twenty.  He  again  married, 
in  1843,  at  Lewistown,  Pennsylvania,  Caroline  A.  Nelson, 
of  Columbus,  Ohio.  Though  not  a member  of  any  church, 
he  was  a Christian. 


^OOTE,  HOR.VCE,  I.awyer  and  Jurist,  was  born  in 
Hartford  county,  Connecticut,  March  21st,  1799. 
His  father  was  Roger  Foote,  a well-known  far- 
mer of  that  county,  and  was  of  English  descent, 
their  ancestors  being  among  the  first  settlers  of 
New  England;  their  descendants  were  numerous, 
and  eminent  in  many  ways.  Horace  was  educated  at  Yale 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  1820.  He  rose  to  dis- 
tinction in  a class  which  included  such  men  as  Theodore 
1).  Woolsey,  afterwards  president  of  the  college,  and 
Leonard  Bacon,  D.  D.,  the  eminent  divine.  He  took  the 


Berkley  prize  for  Latin  and  Greek.  After  graduating  he 
entered  the  office  of  Seth  P.  Staples,  in  New  Haven,  to 
study  law,  remaining  there  two  years.  He  then  went  to 
Middlesex  county,  Connecticut,  where  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1822  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law,  and 
remained  there  till  1836,  when  he  removed  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  A charter  for  the  city  of  Cleveland  had  just  been 
obtained,  and  when  he  arrived  a fierce  quarrel  was  raging 
between  the  new  city  of  Cleveland  and  Ohio  City,  lying  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  Cuyahoga  river,  each  struggling  to 
crush  out  the  other.  His  first  important  law-suit  was  con- 
nected with  this  quarrel.  A bridge  across  the  river  had 
been  built  by  private  enterprise  and  donated  for  public  use. 
Each  city  claimed  jurisdiction  over  the  structure.  Armed 
men  on  either  side  turned  out  to  take  possession,  a piece 
of  artilleiy  being  posted  on  the  Cleveland  side.  A fight 
ensued,  in  which  several  persons  were  wounded  and  the 
bridge  was  partially  destroyed  ; the  sheriff  of  the  county  in- 
terfered at  this  point,  took  possession  of  the  bridge  and 
lodged  some  of  the  rioters  in  jail.  This  removed  the 
bridge  question  from  the  battle-field  to  the  courts,  and  in 
the  legal  controversy  that  followed  Mr.  Foote  represented 
the  interests  of  Cleveland  against  the  claims  of  Ohio  City. 
The  able  manner  in  which  he  conducted  the  case  secured 
for  him  a good  practice,  and  so  general  was  the  apprecia- 
tion of  his  abilities  as  an  expounder  of  law  that  in  1853  he 
was  urgently  solicited  to  accept  the  position  of  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Although  the  acceptance  in- 
volved a pecuniary  sacrifice,  the  salary  at  that  time  being 
very  small,  he  was  induced  to  conseut,  and  was  elected  to 
that  office,  and  re-elected  at  the  end  of  eveiy  term  until 
1874,  when  he  retired  from  the  bench.  One  incident  in 
his  long  term  of  office  excited  discussion  at  the  time  and 
evoked  opposition  to  his  re-election.  In  1867  an  act  took 
effect  making  a consider.able  addition  to  the  salaries  of  the 
judges,  buT  applying  only  to  those  elected  after  the  passage 
of  the  act.  Considering  it  an  injustice  to  the  old  judges 
that  the  new  judges  should  come  into  office  at  nearly  double 
the  salary,  whilst  the  old  should  receive  only  the  former 
meagre  stipend,  he  resigned.  There  was  considerable  op- 
position to  his  re-election,  in  consequence  of  this  step,  but 
the  majority  of  the  people  saw  the  reasonableness  of  his 
position,  and  he  was  re-elected.  No  judge  in  the  State  has 
had  a higher  reputation  for  profound  knowledge  of  the 
law,  promptness  and  accuracy  in  his  rulings,  and  the  justice 
of  his  decisions.  His  integrity  has  ever  been  beyond  the 
shadow  of  a doubt.  No  personal,  social  or  political  bias  or 
prejudice  ever  swayed  his  decisions  in  the  slightest  degree. 
He  showed  unyielding  firmness  in  maintaining  the  course 
of  justice  and  upholding  the  dignity  of  the  courts.  He  was 
a terror  to  evil-doers,  and  a rigid  disciplinarian  in  matters 
of  practice.  His  decisions  were  examples  of  wisdom, 
learning  and  sound  law,  and  were  so  seldom  reversed  by 
the  higher  courts  that  they  were  not  often  carried  up  to  the 
Supreme  Court.  On  several  occasions  he  was  urged  to 


LIOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


2og 


accept  a nomination  to  the  Supfcme  Court,  but  always  de- 
cidedly refused.  In  politics,  he  was  originally  a Whig, 
and  then  a Republican.  He  was  very  decided  in  his 
views,  but  took  no  active  part  in  political  movements.  Ills 
opinions  on  the  questions  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  were 
very  positive.  lie  held  that  the  controversy  should  be 
settled  by  the  sword  in  such  a way  that  it  would  never  re- 
quire a second  fight.  In  this,  as  in  all  other  matters,  he 
thoroughly  and  dispassionately  studied  the  questions  at 
issue,  made  up  his  mind  as  to  the  right  of  the  case,  and  was 
unyielding  in  his  adherence  to  what  he  believed  to  be  right. 
He  was  married  in  1834  to  Mary  E.  Hurd,  of  Middlesex 
‘ county,  Connecticut,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


;ERKIN.S,  JO.SEPH,  Capitalist,  was  born  in  War- 
ren, Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  July  5th,  1819,  and 
is  the  son  of  Simon  Perkins.  He  was  educated 
at  Marietta  College,  where  he  graduated  at  the 
age  of  twenty  years.  On  leaving  college  he 
entered  his  father’s  office,  and  after  the  death 
of  his  father  aided  in  the  settlement  of  the  estate  until 
1852,  when  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  and  at  once  identified 
himself  with  the  business  projects  and  enterprises  of  the 
city.  When  the  Bank  of  Commerce  was  organized  he  was 
elected  President,  and  retained  that  office  until  the  bank 
was  reorganized  as  the  Second  National  Bank,  when  he  was 
again  chosen  President,  and  held  the  office  until  he  re- 
signed, in  1872.  He  was  actively  interested  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Cleveland  & Mahoning  Railroad,  which  owes  its 
existence  mainly  to  his  brother  Jacob.  He  became  director 
of  the  road,  and  on  the  death  of  Governor  Tod  was  chosen 
President,  a position  which  he  retained  until  the  road  was 
transferred  by  sale  to  the  Atlantic  & Gre.at  Western  Rail- 
way Company.  He  was  also  for  many  years  closely  iden- 
tified with  the  management  of  the  Society  for  Savings,  of 
Cleveland,  and  as  chairman  of  the  building  committee  of 
that  institution,  and  also  of  the  building  committee  of  the 
National  Bank  building,  was  the  first  to  propose  and  secure 
the  erection  of  the  first  fire-proof  buildings  in  Cleveland. 
He  served  as  trustee  of  the  Western  Reserve  College,  at 
Hudson,  for  twenty  years,  taking  a prominent  part  in  the 
management  of  its  affairs.  As  a member  of  the  Board  of 
State  Charities  he  contributed  greatly  to  its  efficiency  by  the 
thoroughness  with  which  the  work  of  investigating  the  con- 
dition of  the  prisons  and  charitable  institutions  of  the  State 
was  performed.  He  devised  and  urged  the  adoption  of 
new  and  improved  methods  of  construction,  which  were 
gradually  introduced.  The  Woman’s  Retreat  was  largely 
indebted  to  his  energy  and  liberality  for  its  existence  and 
success.  Among  the  enterprises  of  a public  character  with 
which  he  was  identified  the  Lake  View  Cemetery  was  not 
the  least  important.  '1‘his  cemetery,  probably  the  finest  in 
the  State,  bears  testimony,  in  its  beauty  and  variety,  to  liis 


taste  and  judgment,  which  were  displayed  in  the  plans  for 
laying  out  the  grounds.  He  was  for  nearly  forty  year's  con- 
nected with 'the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  remained 
an  active  and  influential  worker,  and  he  look  a deep  in- 
terest in  the  Sabbath-school  work  and  was  for  many  years  a 
superintendent.  In  all  religious,  benevolent  and  moral 
enterprises,  he  took  a strong  and  generally  very  active 
interest.  He  had  very  positive  convictions  on  the  subject 
of  temperance,  and  manifested  his  .sympathies  during  the 
crusade  of  1874  by  acting  as  chairman  of  the  conrmittee 
under  whose  counsel  the  crusade  against  the  liquor  traffic 
was  undertaken  and  conducted.  During  the  late  war  of 
the  rebellion  he  contributed  liberally  to  the  support  of  the 
Union.  He  was  married,  October  19th,  1844,  to  Martha 
E.  Steele,  of  Marietta,  Ohio.  Four  of  the  six  children  by 
this  union  are  now  living  (March,  1875). 


OYNTON,  HON.  WASHINGTON  WALLACE, 
Teacher,  Lawyer  and  Jurist,  was  born,  January 
27th,  1833,  in  Russia  township,  Lorain  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  of  both  Scotch  and  English  descent ; 
one  of  his  grandfathers  was  a noted  sea  captain, 
and  during  ,his  lifetime  crossed  the  ocean  sixty 
times ; this  was  prior  to  the  era  of  steam  navigation. 
Washington  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools, 
and,  realizing  the  advantages  of  learning,  employed  all  his 
leisure  moments  in  study,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became 
a teacher  in  the  district  winter  school,  which  he  continued 
to  instruct  until  he  attained  the  age  of  twenty-two,  when  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  School  Examiners  for  Lorain 
county  by  the  Probate  Court.  He  subsequently  opened  a 
select  school  in  South  Amherst,  Ohio,  which  he  taught  suc- 
cessfully for  two  successive  years.  Meanwhile  he  had  been 
reading  law,  and  in  1856  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the 
District  Court  of  Lorain  county.  He  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  1858.  In  the  spring  following 
he  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney,  to  fill  a vacancy  in 
that  office,  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  was  elected 
to  the  same  position,  which  he  held  for  two  terms  and  then 
resigned.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  lower 
House  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  served  during  two 
winters.  He  was  the  member  who  introduced  an  amend- 
ment to  .strike  out  the  word  “white”  from  the  State  Con- 
stitution. This  was  voted  upon  in  the  autumn  of  1867,  and 
defeated  by  40,000  majority.  He  continued  in  the  practice 
of  the  law  until  1869,  when  he  was  ap]3ointed,  in  February 
of  that  year,  by  Governor  Hayes,  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  to  fill  a vacancy,  and  in  1871  was  elected 
to  the  same  position,  which  he  still  retains.  The  Rc]iubli- 
can  party  was  organized  during  the  same  year  in  which  he 
attained  his  m.ajority ; he  voted  that  ticket  from  the  very 
first,  was  at  once  recognized  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  that 
party,  and  at  various  times  has  made  appeals  in  its  behalf. 


;oo 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 


lie  is  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  Citizens’  Savings  Bank 
of  Elyria,  ami  also  a charter-member  of  the  Citizens’  Mutual 
Relief  Association  of  Wellington.  He  is  highly  esteemed 
by  all  who  know  him  as  an  upright  citizen,  possessed  of 
bright  intellectual  faculties,  and  an  impartial  Judge.  His 
address  is  pleasing,  and  in  personal  appearance  command- 
ing. He  was  married  in  1859  to  B.  P'.  Terrell,  of  Ridge- 
ville,  Ohio. 


' " RIFFITII,  WILSON  W.,  President  of  the  Mer- 
chants’ National  Bank,  Toledo,  ex-member  of  the 
Legislature,  Centennial  Commissioner  on  the  part 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Tuscarawas 
county,  Ohio,  February  14th,  1823.  His  grand- 
parents on  his  father’s  side  were  Virginia  slave- 
holders, but  manumitted  their  slaves  at  an  early  day — about 
the  year  1803.  On  the  maternal  .side  (Jenning.^)  his  grand- 
parents were  of  the  Friends  or  Quaker  faith.  His  parents 
moved  to  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  about  the  year  1806; 
at  that  time  there  were  but  three  or  four  families  in  the 
county.  He  was  raised  on  a farm  until  fifteen  years  of  age. 
P'rom  fifteen  to  twenty-three  his  time  was  for  the  most  part 
spent  in  teaching,  clerking  and  securing  an  education.  He 
commenced  his  studies  at  Oberlin  with  reference  to  a col- 
legiate and  professional  career,  but  ill  health  prevented  him 
from  carrying  out  his  intentions.  From  1845  *849 

was  merchandising  at  the  Falls  of  .Sugar  creek,  in  his  native 
county.  In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Elkhart  county,  In- 
diana, and  continued  the  same  business  until  1854,  when  he 
located  at  Toledo,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Then  it 
was  a village  of  a few  thousand  inhabitants,  now  it  is  the 
third  city  in  Ohio  in  point  of  population,  business  and  wealth. 
After  removing  thither,  Mr.  Griffith  spent  eight  years  in  the 
forwarding,  commission  and  elevator  business,  and  four 
years  in  the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  trade,  during  this  time 
amassing  a goodly  share  of  this  world’s  goods.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  this  period  he  retired  from  active  business  life, 
and  visited  Plurope,  Asia  and  Africa.  Returning,  he  spent 
one  year  on  the  Pacific  coast.  His  first  appearance  in  public 
station  was  when  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  59th 
General  Assembly.  During  his  official  career  there  was  no 
member  of  the  House  more  popular,  nor  one  who  had  more 
inlluence  in  the  council  than  he.  W'hile  there  he  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  Interest  Committee,  and  his  ablest  speech 
was  made  in  favor  of  his  bill  to  more  effectually  regulate  our 
usury  system.  This  speech  was  printed  in  the  leading 
papers,  eliciting  congratulatory  letters  from  leading  financial 
and  business  men  all  over  the  State,  who  approved  of  the 
provisions  of  the  bill.  He  is  also  the  author  of  the  noted 
“ Griffith  railroad  bill,”  allowing  cities,  villages  and  counties 
to  build,  equip  and  run»railroads.  During  this  session  he 
drew  up  and  engineered  through  a series  of  resolutions  ex- 
posing the  bad  faith  in  which  the  State  of  Indiana  had  acted 
toward  Ohio  in  maintaining  and  keeping  up  the  Wabash  & 


j Erie  Canal  (extending  from  Terre  Haute  to  Defiance),  built 
in  1827  by  a grant  of  public  land  from  the  government.  The 
adoption  of  the  resolutions  created  a great  financial  sensa- 
tion, millions  of  dollars  being  involved,  and  gave  Mr.  Griffith, 
through  the  untiring  industry  displayed  by  him,  a national 
j reputation.  He  also  got  through  the  Legislature  a bill  creat- 
ing an  additional  Common  Pleas  Judge  in  his  judicial  dis- 
trict. Casting  his  first  vote  for  “ Harry  of  the  West,”  he 
was  a life-long  Mhig  until  Whiggery  was  swallowed  up  by 
the  Republican  party.  Since  the  close  of  his  legislative 
career  he  has  been  President  of  the  Merchants’  National 
Bank  of  Toledo.  It  was  measurably  by  his  efforts  that  this 
institution  was  started  in  1871,  with  a capital  of  ^(300, 000, 
increased  to  $500,000  the  following  year.  It  was  also 
largely  by  his  influence  and  capital  that  the  Milburn  Wagon 
Works  were  removed  in  1873  from  Mishawaka,  Indiana,  to 
this  city,  with  a paid-up  capital  of  $600,000.  In  1871  he 
was  nominated  by  Governor  Hayes  as  one  of  the  two  Com- 
missioners of  the  State  for  the  Centennial  Celebration,  and 
was  appointed  to  that  position  by  President  Grant.  This 
post  he  has  since  held  in  connection  with  his  colleague,  Hon. 
A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  Exhibition.  In  per- 
j sonal  appearance  he  is  of  medium  stature,  delicately  framed, 
but  he  is  capable  of  enduring  a great  amount  of  labor.  His 
head  is  well  formed,  his  hair  and  whiskers  dark;  he  has  an 
ample  forehead  and  genial  expression.  He  is  a gentleman 
of  fine  social  tpialities  and  is  widely  esteemed.  He  was 
married,  July  4th,  1844,  to  Margaret  M.  Miller,  of  Summit 
county,  Ohio. 


:\CON,  NORMAL  B.,  Architect,  was  born,  No- 
vember 1st,  1837,  in  Hamilton,  Madison  county, 
State  of  New  York,  of  American  parents  and  of 
English  ancestry.  He  obtained  his  education  at 
the  academy  in  his  native  town,  and  after  leaving 
school  became  a teacher  for  one  season.  He 
subsequently  entered  the  studio  of  A.  J.  Purdy,  the  well- 
known  portrait  painter  of  Ithaca,  New  York,  but  was  com- 
pelled to  abandon  this  pursuit  after  one  year  on  account  of 
weak  eyes.  At  the  early  age  of  thirteen  years  he  had  com- 
menced to  learn  the  carpenter’s  trade,  and  continued  the 
same  at  various  intervals  for  nine  years.  After  relinquish- 
ing the  idea  of  becoming  an  artist,  he  engaged  in  mechanical 
pursuits,  including  drawing,  for  seven  years,  and  finally  de- 
voted his  exclusive  attention  to  the  study  of  architecture. 
He  passed  nearly  five  years  with  A.  J.  Lathrop,  of  Utica, 
New  York,  the  celebrated  architect  and  builder,  and  latterly 
was  a resident  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  from  which  city  he 
removed  in  April,  1873,  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  has  now  at- 
tained an  extensive  and  increasing  patronage  in  that  city. 
His  progress  in  his  profession  has  been  marked  by  the  en- 
couragement he  has  received  from  leading  citizens,  and 
which  is  due  to  his  practical,  mechanical  and  artistic  acquire- 
ments. During  the  time  devoted  to  the  study  of  his  pro- 


r.  ■'  ' . 

m • ' 


> 


*‘^Sf  ■ 


0 


4 


iil^^ 


\ 


j 


f'dlaxy  hvb-  ixj.J’hilrtd.* 


I 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


301 


fessi  )n  he  was  in  part  the  designer  of  many  buildings  and 
blocks  in  the  East,  including  residences,  court  houses, 
churches,  etc.,  in  central  New  York.  He  has  also  been 
identified  in  the  design  and  construction  of  many  costly 
dwelling-houses  and  business  structures  in  Toledo,  among 
which  may  be  named  the  elegant  Wallbridge  & Hunker 
building,  on  Summit  street,  and  the  fine  residences  of  Hon. 
R.  Mott,  Adam  Burgerl  and  L.  S.  Baumgardner,  also  of 
Toledo,  all  of  which  are  among  the  most  costly  family  resi- 
dences in  the  city.  In  political  matters  he  acts  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  married,  September  iSth,  1S73, 
to  M.  Louise  Cleveland,  of  Holland  Patent,  New  York. 


'^'^'OBLE,  DAYID,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born,  August  l6th,  1820,  in  the  county  of 
Donegal,  Ireland,  and  is  the  son  of  David  and 
Mary  A.  (Hamilton)  Noble.  His  parents  were  of 
Scotch  extraction,  and  his  paternal  ancestors  being 
of  the  Seceders’  faith,  noted  for  their  piety,  and 
for  their  desire  of  educating  some  member  of  the  different 
branches  of  the  family  in  each  generation  for  the  gospel 
ministry.  His  mother’s  family  were  descended  from  that 
General  Hamilton  who  behaved  with  great  gallantry  during 
the  siege  of  Londondeny  in  the  war  of  1688,  and  so  nobly 
defended  that  city  against  the  rebel  forces.  He  received  a 
classical  education  in  Ramelton,  near  his  birthplace,  and 
when  eighteen  years  of  age  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
and  located  in  (3hio.  He  soon  presented  himself  before  a 
Board  of  School  Examiners,  and  from  them  received  a cer- 
tificate of  competence,  which  authorized  him  to  teach  in  any 
of  the  common  schools  of  Adams  county  for  two  years.  He 
shortly  after  this  engaged  to  teach  in  one  of  the  rural  dis- 
tricts for  six  months,  at  a salary  of  twenty-five  dollars  per 
month  ; but  on  account  of  his  youth,  or  a lack  of  disciplinary 
power,  or  both  combined,  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  the 
position  at  the  expiration  of  three  months.  He  then  re- 
moved to  an  adjoining  county  (Highland),  where  he  taught 
with  great  acce[)tance  to  the  directors  and  people  for  several 
terms,  receiving  a higher  compensation  than  his  contempo- 
r.aries.  Having  become,  however,  dissatisfied  with  teaching, 
and  being  qualified  through  the  superior  education  he  had 
acquired  in  Ireland,  he  resolved  upon  the  studv  of  medicine 
and  with  that  end  in  view  placed  himself  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  that  justly  celebrated  physician.  Dr.  P.  J.  Buck- 
ner, of  Georgetown,  Ohio.  In  1846,  during  his  attendance 
on  the  lectures  in  course  of  delivery  at  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  he  was  appointed  Attending  Physiciap  to  the  Hotel 
for  Invalids,  on  Broadw'ay,  Cincinnati,  then  under  the  con- 
trol and  management  of  those  eminent  men  in  their  profes- 
sion, Drs.  Taliaferro  and  .Marshall.  After  attending  one 
coume  of  lectures,  his  funds  being  all  exhausted,  and  having 
no  friends  or  relatives  on  whom  he  could  rely  for  pecuniary 
aid,  he  was  compelled  to  defer  obtaining  his  diploma  until 


1855,  when  he  complied  with  the  regulations,  taking  his 
final  course  of  lectures  at  Starling  Medical  College,  where 
he  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine..  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  late  civil  war,  the  enlistments  in  his  neigh- 
borhood being  few  and  but  little  zeal  manifested  by  the 
people  to  aid  the  government  in  its  struggle  for  existen'ce, 
his  patriotism  prompted  him  to  enlist  as  a private  in  a volun- 
teer company  raised  for  border  defence,  and  the  regiment 
being  disbanded,  he  made  application  for  the  position  of 
Surgeon  in  the  United  States  service.  Having  passed  a 
successful  examination,  he  was  assigned  for  duty  as  the  First 
Surgeon  of  the  60th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers.  He 
then  abandoned  a very  extensive  and  lucrative  practice  of 
medicine  and  surgery  in  Sugar  Tree  Ridge,  Ohio,  in  which 
he  had  been  engaged  since  1847.  He  joined  his  regiment 
at  Gallipolis,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  as  Post  Surgeon  at 
that  city.  During  his  stay  there  he  was  forcibly  impressed 
with  the  condition  of  the  large  numbers  of  u ounded  and 
sick  soldiers,  who  were  passing  down  the  Ohio  river  on 
steamers  bound  to  Cincinnati,  to  be  transported  thence  by 
railway  to  Camp  Dennison ; and  he  addressed  a letter  to  the 
authorities  at  Washington,  and  also  another  to  Governor 
Tod  of  Ohio,  fully  demonstrating  the  necessity  of  estab- 
lishing hospitals  at  Gallipolis,  near  the  scene  of  operations 
of  the  army  in  West  Virginia,  thus  adding  to  the  comfort 
and  perhaps  saving  the  lives  of  the  brave  Union  soldiers, 
which  might  be  lost  owing  to  the  great  distance  between  the 
battle  fields  and  the  then  point  where  the  hospitals  were  in 
operation.  But  he  was  destined  to  disappointment  in  not 
being  able  to  have  his  favorite  project  carried  out  under  his 
immediate  supervision,  for  although  he  received  orders  from 
the  War  Department  at  Washington  to  have  three  hospital 
buildings  erected  at  Gallipolis,  he  had  just  two  hours  before 
these  orders  reached  him  by  telegraph  also  received  a tele- 
gram from  the  Colonel  of  the  60th  Regiment,  ordering  him 
to  report  at  New'  Creek,  Virginia,  on  the  line  of  the  Balti- 
more & Ohio  Railroad,  as  the  Assistant  .Surgeon  of  the  regi- 
ment had  resigned.  He  at  once  joined  his  regiment,  then 
on  its  march  to  reinforce  the  troops  under  Generals  Sclienck 
and  Milroy,  at  P’ranklin,  they  having  been  driven  back  from 
McDowell,  Virginia,  by  the  Confederate  forces  under  Gen- 
eral “Stonewall”  Jackson.  He  was  then  detached  from 
the  60th  Ohio  Regiment,  and  appointed  by  General  P'remont 
a member  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  for  the  Moun- 
tain Department,  and  by  them  chosen  as  their  President, 
which  position  he  held  until  General  Fremont  was  super- 
seded by  General  Pope.  He  was  then  appointed  Acting 
Brigade  .Surgeon  under  General  Piatt,  and  subsequently 
Acting  Medical  Director  under  General  White,  and  was 
present  at  the  skirmish  at  Currentown,  and  the  night  attack 
of  the  Union  forces,  under  command  of  General  Cluscret, 
on  the  troops  of  the  Confederate  General  Jackson  at  Stras- 
burg,  Virginia.  I le  was  also  at  the  battles  of  Cross  Keys 
and  Port  Republic,  and  the  engagement  and  surrender  at 
Harper’s  P'erry.  Here  he  was  paroled,  and  repairing  to 


302 


EIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


Chicago  was  honorably  discharged  with  the  regiment,  it 
having  enlisted  for  only  one  year.  In  1863  he  was  ap- 
pointed Surgeon  of  the  Hoard  of  Enrolment  for  the  Sixth 
Congressional  District  of  Ohio,  and  held  that  position  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  In  1S65  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
medicine  and  surgery  in  the  town  of  Hillsborough,  Ohio, 
and  was  appointed  Medical  Examiner  of  Pensions.  In  1872 
he  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Citizens’  National 
Bank,  and  was  elected  one  of  its  Directors.  He  also  took 
an  active  part  in  organizing  the  Hillsborough  Budding  and 
Savings  Association,  with  a capital  of  $300,000,  and  was 
elected  its  President.  He  was  also  one  of  the  corporators 
of  the  Hillsborough  Gas  Light  Company,  which  is  now  in 
successful  operation.  He  is  a member  of  the  Ohio  State 
Medical  Society,  and  at  one  time  was  one  of  its  Vice-Presi- 
dents. In  all  his  varied  and  useful  life  he  has  maintained  a 
character  for  honesty  and  integrity,  and  is  a striking  ex- 
ample of  what  can  be  accomplished  by  industry,  energy  and 
perseverance.  He  is  emphatically  a self-made  man,  having 
arisen  from  a comparative  state  of  obscurity  and  limited 
means  to  wealth  and  influence  in  society. 


(gYlYl^  ORTHINGTON,  JOHN,  Stonecutter,  Quarryman 
and  Contractor,  was  born  at  Whitley  Rocks, 
Staffordshire,  England,  and  was  educated  at 
Cheddleton,  near  Stoke,  where  he  attended  school 
until  he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  and  was  then 
apprenticed  to  learn  the  stonecutter’s  trade.  He 
followeil  this  calling  in  England,  and  was  engaged  on  the 
new  Houses  of  Parliament  in  London  until  the  “ great  stone- 
cutters’ strike”  occurred,  when  he  resolved  to  emigrate  to 
America.  At  this  time  he  was  about  nineteen  years  old. 
He  landed  in  New  York  city,  the  possessor  of  about  ten 
dollars  and  a small  outfit  of  clothing.  Having  the  chance 
of  working  his  passage  to  Buffalo  on  a canal-boat,  he  ac- 
cepted it,  and  after  reaching  that  city  he  started  on  foot  to 
Toronto,  Canada,  and  where  he  found  employment  at  his 
trade,  working  by  the  day.  During  the  winter  of  1842  he 
walked  from  Toronto  to  Kingston,  Canada,  a distance  of 
I So  miles,  and  secured  the  position  of  foreman  under  the 
Messrs.  Milner,  they  having  the  contract  for  building  the 
City  Hall  in  that  place.  In  1845  he  accepted  a position  as 
foreman  stonecutter  for  James  Ritchie,  at  Toronto,  which  he 
held  for  a number  of  years.  In  1851  he  commenced  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  as  contractor,  and  began  buying 
stone  from  Henry  Warner,  owner  of  the  Brownhelm  Quar- 
ries. After  having  great  trouble  in  getting  stone  fast  enough 
from  Warner,  and  becoming  satisfied  the  quarries  were  ex- 
haustless and  that  they  would  prove  a source  of  wealth,  he 
purchased  them  in  1855.  He  succeeded  in  obtaining  many 
contracts  for  the  erection  of  various  public  works  : amonr 
them  may  be  named  the  Lbiiversity  of  Toronto;  Brock’s 
Monument,  at  Queenstown  Heights,  Ontario;  Union  Depot, 


at  Cleveland;  the  Ashtabula  & Jamestown  Railroad,  and 
the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
His  career  as  a contractor  was  marked  with  success,  and  he 
realized  handsomely  on  all  that  he  undertook.  He  was  a 
Director  of  the  Dominion  Bank  of  Canada  for  a number  of 
years ; also  Vice-President  of  the  Western  Canada  Loan  and 
Savings  Society  ; Chairman  of  the  Water  Works  Commis- 
sion, and  held  many  other  public  trusts.  He  was  married, 
November  25th,  1S44,  to  Mary  Welbourne,  who  with  six 
children  survive  him.  He  died  in  Toronto,  Canada,  De- 
cember 25th,  1873,  leaving  a large  estate. 


ORTHINGTON,  JAMES  M.,  Manager  of  the 
Worthington  Quarries,  is  the  ^dest  son  of  the 
late  John  Worthington,  and  was  born,  November 
25th,  1845,  at  Toronto,  Canada,  where  also  he 
received  his  education  in  the  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege. After  leaving  school  he  worked  at  the 
carpenter  trade  for  two  years,  and  then  removed  .to  Amherst, 
Ohio,  in  1863,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Worthington 
Quarries  as  business  manager.  At  that  period  these  quarries 
were,  comparatively  speaking,  in  a very  undeveloped  con- 
dition. He  subsequently  entered  into  a partnership  with 
his  father,  but  retaining  his  position  as  head  of  the  firm,  his 
father  not  being  an  active  partner.  The  business  prospered 
greatly,  and  by  his  careful  management  they  soon  became 
the  foremost  operators  of  sandstone  quarries  in  the  United 
Stat*;s.  The  present  company  are  the  owner's  of  the  exten- 
sive stone  quarries  in  Brownhelm,  one  of  the  lai'gest  quarries 
in  Amherst,  and  also  large  quarries  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Huron,  at  Grindstone  City,  Michigan,  wher'e  they  employ 
about  300  hands,  and  their  productions  average  about  half 
a million  dollar's  per  annum.  James  Worthington  has  al- 
ways adhered  to  the  tenets  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
takes  a great  interest  in  the  success  of  its  principles  in  his 
adopted  country.  He  was  nrarried,  1865,  to  Helen  D. 
Watterman,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


EAVER,  WALTER  L.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery county,  Ohio,  April  ist,  1851,  being  the 
son  of  Rev.  John  S.  and  Anranda  (Hut'in)  Weaver, 
the  former  of  whom,  a clergyman  of  the  I’resby- 
terian  Church,  was  a native  of  Philadelphia.  His 
n'lother  was  a native  of  Wart'en  county,  Ohio,  and 
her  father  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  State.  Mr. 
Weaver  was  educated  at  Wittenberg,  arrd  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1870,  receiving  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Ar'ts. 
Subsequently  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  was  conferred  in 
course.  He  read  law  with  General  Keifer,  and  by  diligent 
and  careful  study  thoroughly  prepared  himself  for  profes- 
sional labors.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on  March  28th, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


303 


1S72,  and  at  once  entered  upon  practice  under  auspices  of 
the  most  flattering  character.  In  1874  lie  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and  discharged 
the  duties  of  his  office  with  great  ability.  He  has  a good 
practice,  and  is  gradually  winning  his  way  to  a leading 
position  in  the  profession.  He  is  an  influential  Republican, 
and  has  for  some  time  been  a member  of  the  Republican 
Gountv  Committee,  of  which  in  1S75  Chairman. 

jMr.  Weaver  is  a young  man  with  a bright  future  in  prospect. 


ELSOX,  THOMA.S  LOTHROP,  Merchant  and 
President  of  the  Savings  Deposit  Bank,  Elyria, 
Lorain  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Lyme,  Grafton 
county.  New  Hampshire,  January  iith,  1823. 
He  attended  school  only  at  the  district  common 
school  and  a short  time  at  Thatford  Academy  ; 
beyond  the  humble  knowledge  thus  gained  his  acquisitions 
are  all  his  own.  Eor  two  years  after  leaving  school  he 
found  employment  in  a store  in  his  native  town.  About  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  left  Lyme,  and  with  all  his  scanty 
wardrobe  in  the  small  compass  he  could  carry  in  his  hand, 
turned  his  face  towards  the  setting  sun,  and  arrived  in 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  with  a capital  of  only  one  dollar.  Relin- 
quishing his  original  idea  of  studying  at  the  college,  he 
pushed  his  way  in  another  direction.  Travelling  a long 
distance  on  foot  he  at  length  found  himself  weary,  footsore 
and  despondent  in  Mansfield,  Ohio.  He  remained  here  .six 
months.  Providence  next  led  his  steps  to  Elyria,  I.orain 
county,  Ohio.  In  this  place  he  began  a career  of  success 
and  influence,  by  entering  the  store  of  S.  W.  Baldwin  & Co. 
as  clerk.  By  the  most  stringent  economy  and  self-denial, 
he  saved  h's  earnings,  and  after  the  lapse  of  five  years,  Mr. 
Baldwin,  the  senior  partner,  retiring,  he  formed  a partner- 
ship with  Starr  Brothers  & Co.,  which  continued  for  six 
years,  doing  a successful  business.  Then  a new  company 
was  formed,  under  the  firm-name  of  Baldwin,  Laundon  & 
Nelson,  and  prosecuted  this  business  until  1872.  Thus 
constituted,  the  firm  of  B.aldwin,  Laundon  & Nelson,  and 
their  branch  store  at  Wellington,  Ohio,  have  done  the  largest 
business  of  general  retail  merchandising  in  Lorain  county, 
amounting  some  years  to  $350,000  per  annum.  In  1872  he 
established,  in  connection  with  others,  the  Savings  Deposit 
Bank  of  Elyria,  of  which  he  is  now  President.  He  is  ever 
in  close  sympathy  with  all  that  is  noble  and  just,  and  is  a 
stanch  friend  of  education.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
1 lesident  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Elyria,  and  is  one 
of  the  Trustees  of  Oberlin  College.  For  one  year  he  offici- 
ated as  Mayor  of  Elyria;  other  positions  he  has  invariably 
declined.  His  first  vote  was  cast  in  connection  with  the 
Whig  party,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  successively  a 
member  of  the  Tdberty  and  Republican  parties.  The  sulrject 
of  this  sketch  is  not  only  a man  of  remarkable  energy  and 
business  skill,  as  his  victory  over  the  toils  and  perils  of 


business  life  would  indicate,  but  be  is  possessed  of  a strength 
and  sagacity  of  mind  which  give  to  him  a kind  and  degree 
of  influence  quite  wonderful.  In  the  prime  of  life,  he  has 
developed  a character,  rendering  it  but  justice  to  say  he 
fills  in  a high  degree  that  greatest  title — a Christian  gentle- 
man. He  is  genial  and  benevolent  to  all ; generous  to  all 
calls  charity  has  upon  him,  and  his  life  is  a perennial  sun- 
beam of  geniality,  casting  its  cheerful  influence  on  all  about 
him.  Cultivated  taste  and  unaffected  piety  have  ever  made 
his  home  a model  of  happy  and  refined  domestic  life. 


^OLT,  PARLEY  CURTIS,  Teacher,  Bookseller  and 
Publisher,  was  born,  February  2Sth,  1S19,  at 
Derby,  Orleans  county,  Vermont,  and  received 
his  primary  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  the  Derby  Seminary.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at 
the  early  age  of  eight  years.  After  acquiring  his 
education  he  taught  school  for  a considerable  period  in  New 
England,  and  then  removed  to  Ohio  in  1S43,  " here  he  con- 
tinued to  teach,  and  travelled  for  eight  years  in  the  book 
business.  In  his  thirty-third  year  he  commenced  dealing 
in  books  in  Maumee  City,  Lucas  county,  on  his  own  ac- 
count, and  still  continues  in  that  calling.  In  May,  1873,  *^6 
added  to  his  business  the  publication  of  the  Mauwee  Ad- 
vertiser. He  was  formerly  a member  of  tlie  Whig  party, 
but  since  it  has  ceased  to  exist  has  been  a firm  and  consistent 
Republican.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Maumee  City 
by  President  Lincoln,  and  held  that  position  above  eight 
years.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  City  Council  for 
fourteen  years,  and  during  four  years  of  that  period  served 
as  President.  He  was  also  a Director  of  the  Infirmary  for 
three  years.  By  his  genial  and  manly  deportment  he  has 
won  the  esteem  of  all  with  whom  he  has  come  in  contact. 
He  was  married  in  October,  1851,  to  Charlotte  Drummond, 
who  died  in  May,  1857.  He  was  a .second  time  united  in 
marriage,  in  July,  1S58,  to  Miss  Post,  of  Maumee  City. 


I ANIELS,  THOMA.S,  Pharmaceutist  and  Inventor, 
was  Ixrrn,  March  21st,  1823,  in  Abergavenny, 
Monmouthshire,  W'ales,  and  when  seven  years 
old  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  Slates, 
residing  for  several  years  in  the  vicinity  of  Canan- 
daigua, New  York  State,  where  he  received  his 
education  both  in  the  common  and  select  schools  of  that 
vicinity.  The  family  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  in  1837, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1838  he  became  an  apprentice  to  the 
drug  business,  wherein  he  continued  about  six  years,  when 
he  commenced  on  his  own  account  in  a small  way,  his  only 
cajiital  being  his  savings  during  his  clerkship  and  his  in- 
dustry. By  dint  of  close  application  to  his  vocation  he  has 
been  reasonably  successful.  He  was  among  the  first  to 


304 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


improve  soda-water  apparatus,  and  constructed  a novel  and 
complete  method  of  drawing  the  beverage  with  great  rapidity, 
it  at  the  same  time  being  of  extreme  frigidity,  hie  obtained 
two  patents  upon  the  apparatus,  which  in  fact  cover  all  the 
principles  involved  in  the  elegant  fountains  now  in  general 
use.  At  an  early  day  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Toledo 
literary  societies,  frequently  taking  part  in  debates  and  lec- 
tures, and  for  some  time  was  President  of  the  Young  Men’s 
Association,  which  at  a later  period  was  merged  in  the  To- 
ledo Library  Association.  His  political  creed  was  first  that  of 
the  Whigs,  with  wdiich  he  was  affiliated  until  ils  dissolution, 
since  which  time  he  has  taken  a deep  interest  in  the  princi- 
ples and  the  success  of  the  Ixepublican  party.  He  was 
married  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  January  1st,  1S50,  to  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  John  B.  Clark,  of  that  city. 


I OOD,  REUBEN,  ex-Governor  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Middletown,  Rutland  county,  Vermont,  in  1792. 
His  father  was  a clergyman  and  chaplain  in  the 
revolutionary  army.  He  obtained  a good  Eng- 
glish  and  classical  education  in  Upper  Canada  and 
then  commenced  the  study  of  law.  Hon.  Mar- 
sha! S.  Bidwell,  of  New  York,  was  one  of  his  classmates. 
In  i8i2  he  was  drafted  by  the  Canadian  authorities  to  serve 
in  the  war  against  the  United  Slates.  He  was  determined 
not  to  fight  against  his  native  country,  and  one  stormy  night 
escaped,  accompanied  by  Bill  Johnson,  afterward  an  Amer- 
ican spy,  and  known  in  the  patriot  war  of  1839  as  the 
“ Hero  of  the  Thousand  Isles.”  They  took  a birch-bark 
canoe  and  attempted  to  cross  I.ake  Ontario.  A gale  of 
wind  swept  the  lake,  and  the  rain  fell  in  torrents.  Pitch 
darkness  enveloped  them.  They  were  in  great  danger  of 
drowning  when  they  took  refuge  on  a small  island  where 
they  were  confined  by  the  ^torm  for  three  days.  Their  suf- 
fering for  food  and  from  exposure  was  very  great.  At  last, 
in  a most  dejdorable  condition,  they  reached  Sackett’s 
Harbor,  on  the  New  York  shore  of  the  lake.  As  they  en- 
tered the  harbor  in  their  frail  canoe,  tiiey  were  arrested  as 
spies  by  the  patrol  boats  of  the  American  fleet.  I'or  four 
days  they  were  held  as  captives  on  board  of  one  of  the 
ships.  An  uncle  of  Mr.  Wood,  hearing  of  his  arrest,  gave 
assurance  of  the  patriotism  of  the  two  young  men,  and  se- 
cured their  release.  Reuben  Wood  went  to  Woodville, 
New  York,  where  his  family  had  gone,  and  raised  a com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  chosen  Captain.  As  his  company 
was  marching  to  repel  a threatened  invasion  on  the  northern 
frontier,  the  battle  of  Lake  Champlain  was  fought  and  the 
British  defeated.  The  volunteers  then  returned  to  Wood- 
ville and  were  disbanded.  Mr.  Wood  then  entered  the  law 
office  of  General  Jonas  Clark,  of  Mid<lletown,  Vermont.  In 
1818,  two  years  after  his  marriage,  he  emigrated  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  where  he  found  only  a small  village.  The 
clearing  opened  upon  the  bank  of  Cuyahoga  river  scarcely 


encroached  upon  the  boundless  forest.  It  was  necessary  for 
him  to  apply  to  the  Supreme  Court,  then  in  session  at 
Ravenna,  for  authority  to  practise  in  the  courts  of  Ohio. 
He  was  so  poor  that  he  made  the  journey  on  foot.  His 
wife  and  infant  daughter  soon  joined  him  at  Cleveland, 
taking  the  steamer  “ Walk-in-the-Water,”  from  Buffalo. 
This  steamer  was  the -first  on  Lake  Erie.  When  he  thus 
finally  took  up  his  residence  in  Ohio,  his  worldly  possessions 
consisted  of  his  wife,  his  daughter,  and  a silver  quarter  of  a 
dollar.  In  1825  he  w'as  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  and 
continued  in  the  Senate  six  years.  Soon  after  he  w'as 
appointed  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
of  his  district,  and  was  subsequently  promoted  to  the  bench 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  served  as  Chief-Justice  the 
Latter  portion  of  the  time.  In  all  he  served  on  the  bench 
of  the  Supreme  Court  fourteen  years.  In  all  the  various 
offices  he  filled  so  acceptably,  the  breath  of  suspicion  never 
touched  him.  Even  the  heat  of  party  strife,  where  so  much 
injustice  is  practised,  never  left  a blot  upon  his  character. 
His  tall,  erect  form  and  commanding  mien  won  for  him  the 
title  of  the  “Old  Cuyahoga  Chief.”  In  October,  1850,  he 
was  nominated  for  Governor  by  the  Democratic  party,  and 
though  the  dominant  party  had  been  Whig  for  a number  of 
years,  he  was  elected  by  a majority  of  11,000.  The  canvass 
was  very  spirited,  but  not  a line  of  abuse  or  any  blemish  on 
his  private  character  was  ever  hinted  at  by  any  paper  in 
the  State.  His  personal  friends  were  numerous  among  the 
Whigs,  and  they  voted  for  him.  The  Fugitive  Slave  Law 
had  filled  the  country  with  bitterness,  and  Governor  Wood 
in  his  inaugural  expressed  his  abhorrence  of  slavery,  while 
at  the  same  time  he  counselled  obedience  to  law.  “ I must 
not,”  he  wrote,  “by  any  means  be  understood  as  attempting 
to  defend  the  propriety  and  expediency  of  the  law.  It  is 
unacceptable  to  a very  large  majority  of  the  people  of  the 
North.  It  has  crowded  Northern  feeling  to  its  utmost  ten- 
sion. Public  disapprobation  wdll  continue  to  hamper  its 
execution  and  agitate  its  early  repeal.  But  wdth  all  these 
objections  to  the  propriety  of  law,  violence  is  not  to  be 
thought  of  for  a moment.  There  is  a constitutional  and 
legal  remedy,  which  will  not  overthrow  that  stalely  edifice 
of  freedom  erected  by  our  ancestors  on  the  ruins  of  colonial 
oppression,  and  which  has  hitherto  been  fully  protected  by 
the  majesty  and  supremacy  of  law.  The  remedy  is  amend- 
ment or  repeal.”  During  his  administration  Ohio  was  very 
prosperous,  and  it  was  universally  admitted  that  the  guber- 
natorial chair  had  never  been  more  worthily  filled.  The 
new  State  Constitution  went  into  effect  in  March,  1851,  thus 
vacating  the  office  of  governor.  He  was  renominated  by  the 
Democratic  party,  and  re-elected  by  a majority  of  26,000. 
At  the  assembling  of  the  great  Democratic  Convention  at 
Baltimore  in  1852,  to  nominate  a candidate  for  the  Presi- 
dency, the  division  in  the  party  was  such  that  forty  or  fifty 
unavailing  ballots  were  taken.  The  Virginia  delegation 
then  offered  to  give  its  entire  vote  to  Governor  Wood,  if 
Ohio  would  bring  him  forward.  The  hostility  of  one  man 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


305 


prevented  this  arrangement.  The  same  offer  was  then  ac- 
cepted by  the  New  Hampshire  delegation,  and  Franklin 
Pierce  was  nominated.  In  1854  he  accepted  the  office  of 
Consul  at  Valparaiso,  South  America,  then  .said  to  be  one  of 
the  richest  in  the  gift  of  the  government.  In  resigning 
the  chair  of  chief  executive,  he  addressed  an  affectionate  let- 
ter of  farewell  to  the  people  of  Ohio,  and  thousands  regretted 
his  departure.  Not  finding  the  office  as  remunerative  as  he 
expected,  he  resigned,  and  soon  returned  to  his  native  land. 
For  a short  time  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  then 
devoted  the  remainder  of  his  life  to  the  cultivation  of  his 
beautiful  farm,  called  “ Evergreen  Place,”  about  eight 
miles  west  of  Cleveland.  It  was  a charming  home,  which 
he  had  spent  many  years  in  adorning,  and  which  was  ren- 
dered doubly  attractive  by  his  generous  and  true  hospitality. 
He  was  a strong  Union  man,  and  supported  with  all  his 
powers  the  efforts  of  the  government  in  the  war  of  the  re- 
bellion. Although  he  was  more  than  seventy  years  of  age, 
he  had  accepted  an  invitation  to  preside  at  a Union  meet- 
ing to  be  held  in  Cleveland,  October  5th,  1864.  The 
Thursday  previous  he  visited  the  city,  and  returning  home 
that  night,  he  was  the  next  morning  violently  attacked  with 
bilious  colic.  For  thirty-six  hours  he  suffered  great  pain, 
but  retained  entire  consciousness.  At  three  o’clock,  Satur- 
day afternoon,  October  1st,  1864,  he  died,  surrounded  by 
his  family.  His  remains  were  buried  in  Woodland  Ceme- 
tery, Cleveland.  He  left  a widow  and  one  daughter.  Ilis 
grandson.  Noble  H.  Merwin,  is  the  only  male  representative 
of  the  Wood  family  now  living.  His  residence  is  in  Cleve- 
land. 


.\LV,  IION.  J.AMES  G.,  Lawyer  and  Judge  of 
Probate,  was  born,  December  6th,  1816,  near 
Millersburg,  Holmes  county,  Ohio,  and  was  reared 
to  manhood  on  a farm,  attending  the  district 
school  during  the  winter  season,  until  he  was 
twenty  years  of  age.  In  August,  1837,  he  went 
to  Napoleon,  in  Henry  county,  and  shortly  afterwards  com- 
menced the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1840.  He  subsequently  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Napoleon,  and  was  a member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1842  and  1843,  being  the  first  Assembly 
under  the  new  Constitution;  this  was  previous  to  the  build- 
ing of  the  Erie  and  Wabash  Canal.  He  filled  the  office  of 
Prosecuting  Attorney  from  1840  to  1845,  was  County 
Auditor  from  the  latter  year  until  1849.  He  continued  a 
resident  of  Napoleon  and  a practitioner  of  law  until  1869, 
when  he  was  elected  Judge  of  Probate,  which  position  he 
still  continues  to  hold.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he 
recruited  a company  for  the  68th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  was  tendered  the  captaincy  of  the  same,  but  on 
account  of  ill  health  declined  the  appointment.  He  was 
thereupon  commissioned  Quartermaster  of  the  regiment  by 
the  Governor,  and  served  in  that  capacity  in  Tennessee 
39 


and  Mississippi  during  a portion  of  1861-62,  being  absent 
about  one  year.  He  is  the  earliest  settler  of  Henry  county, 
with  one  or  two  exceptions,  now  living.  His  political  creed 
has  always  been  that  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  was 
married,  August  12th,  1845,  Mary  A.  Conkling. 


ARCLAY,  HON.  JOSEPH,  Member  of  the  lower 
House  of  Representatives  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Poland  township,  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary lith,  1816.  He  was  educated  primarily  in 
his  native  place,  and  after  the  attainment  of  his 
nineteenth  year  he  pursued  his  studies  in  Youngs- 
town, in  the  same  State.  He  was  there  employed  subse- 
quently in  the  construction  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
Canal,  and  also  in  mercantile  pursuits.  During  the  absence 
of  the  late  Governor  Tod  in  Brazil,  he  acted  as  the  principal 
accountant  of  that  officer,  and  was  also,  at  a later  period. 
County  Surveyor  for  two  years.  From  1871  to  1873  he  was 
the  Treasurer  of  his  county,  and  within  two  years  after  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  in  1875,  was  elected  by  the  Demo- 
crats of  his  district  to  the  lower  House  of  Representatives. 
He  was  married  in  1838  to  Miss  Crandall,  of  New  York 
State. 


PUTNEY,  LUTHER,  Architect  and  Builder,  was 
born,  April  8th,  1817,  in  Fairfield  county.  New 
York,  and  is  the  son  of  Luther  Whitney,  a soldier 
of  the  war  of  1812,  who  died  when  his  son  was 
in  his  fifth  year.  In  1832  he  and  his  mother  re- 
moved to  Ohio,  where  she  is  still  living  and  active, 
though  in  her  ninety-ninth  year,  having  been  born  December 
27th,  1777.  Pie  received  a common  school  education  in  the 
State  of  New  York  and  in  Cleveland,  and  subsequently 
served  an  apprenticeship  with  a carpenter  and  joiner  in  the 
same  city,  working  thereafter  as  a journeyman  until  1836. 
He  next  obtained  a situation  as  an  artisan  on  the  public 
works  of  the  .State  of  Ohio,  and  in  1S40  removed  to  Chilli- 
cothe,  where  he  commenced  business  on  his  own  account  as 
contractor  and  builder,  continuing  the  same  until  1851. 
He  next  removed  to  Cleveland  with  a view  of  pursuing  the 
same  business  in  that  city.  In  that  year  he  was  employed 
by  the  Michigan  Southern  & Northern  Indiana  Railroad 
Company,  whose  line  was  then  in  course  of  construction,  as 
Architect  and  Superintendent  of  buildings  then  being  erected 
by  the  said  company  between  Hudson  and  Chicago.  After 
this  work  was  well  under  way,  heavy  operations  commenced 
at  Toledo,  as  a new  railroad  depot  and  other  buildings  were 
contemplated  there,  and  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  re- 
move his  family  to  that  city,  which  he  did  in  1855.  After 
the  completion  of  the  various  structures  that  were  erected, 
he  resumed  his  business  of  builder  and  contractor,  in  which 
he  continues  at  the  present  date,  having  erected  many  of  the 
principal  business  blocks  in  Toledo,  beside  several  large 


3o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


elevators  in  Cincinnati  and  elsewhere.  lie  has  attained  his 
present  eminence  as  a builder  purely  by  his  own  industry, 
energy  and  skill,  having  labored  incessantly  at  his  vocation 
since  he  was  si.xteen  years  of  age.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
a Councilman  from  the  Second  Ward  of  Toledo,  and  twice 
thereafter  was  re-elected,  serving  the  city  in  that  capacity  for 
six  years;  of  which  body  he  was  chosen  Vice-President  for 
two  years,  and  President  for  one  year.  He  was  married  in 
1S36  to  Louisa  A.  Wood,  who  died  in  1855.  In  1858  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Elizabeth  J.  Cain. 


HEFFIELD,  WILLIAM,  Lawyer  and  Banker, 
was  born,  November  19th,  1817,  in  Geauga 
county,  Ohio,  of  American  parentage  of  English 
descent.  He  was  educated  at  Oberlin,  and  im- 
mediately after  leaving  the  seminary  commenced 
studying  law  with  his  father,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Huron  county  in  1838.  He  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Huron,  in  Erie  county,  where  he  re- 
mained until  the  spring  of  1841,  when  he  removed  to  Napo- 
leon, Henry  county,  being  engaged  in  the  courts  of  that  and 
the  northwestern  counties  of  the  State.  In  1849 
appointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  the  United  States 
Land  Office,  Defiance,  Ohio,  and  removed  to  that  place, 
but  only  held  his  post  for  a year,  owing  to  a change  in  the 
political  atmosphere.  He  remained  at  Defiance  until  1862, 
and  was  only  nominally  but  not  actively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  until  1856,  not  pursuing  any  active  business 
from  1853  until  1862.  He  went  to  Napoleon  in  the  latter 
year,  and  commenced  the  banking  business  there  in  1865, 
being  associated  with  J.  D.  Norton,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Sheffield  & Norton,  in  which  he  is  still  engaged.  He  is  a 
Director  of  the  Mansfield  & Cold  Water  Railroad  Company. 
In  politics  he  was  a Whig,  and  since  that  party  ceased,  has 
been  an  active  and  zealous  Republican.  In  1864  he  was 
one  of  the  electors — representing  the  Tenth  Congressional 
District  of  Ohio — which  cast  the  vote  of  that  State  for 
Abrahan>  Lincoln  ; and  he  was  selected  by  the  electoral 
college  as  messenger,  to  carry  the  formal  result  to  Washing- 
ton City.  He  was  married  in  1840  to  Hilda  Harrington,  of 
Erie  county,  Ohio. 


"OLDHAM,  JAMES,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born,  March  4th,  1830,  at  Suettisham,  county 
of  Norfolk,  England,  and  is  a son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Coldham,  a clergyman  of  the  Established 
Church,  still  living  in  the  village  of  Suettisham, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-seven  years,  and  in 
good  health.  James  remained  at  home  and  attended 
school  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  then  left 
England  for  Canada.  He  located  at  Simcoe,  Ontario,  where 
he  commenced  reading  medicine  with  Dr.  Coverton,  in  1847. 
He  subsequently  went  to  Boston,  and  entered  Harvard 


College  medical  department,  where  he  graduated  in  1850. 
He  then  returned  to  Simcoe,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  The  following  year,  immedi- 
ately after  his  marriage,  he  removed  to  Houston,  Texas, 
but,  not  being  pleased  with  the  change,  remained  in  that 
town  but  six  months,  when  he  returned  to  the  North.  It 
was  in  the  autumn  of  1851  when  he  took  up  his  abode  in 
Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  actively  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  medicine,  which  is  very  large  and 
lucrative — perhaps  the  largest  in  the  city.  He  is  also  Sur- 
geon of  the  Marine  Hospital.  In  personal  appearance  he 
is  rather  above  the  average  size,  of  medium  height,  and  en- 
joys robust  health.  In  manners  he  is  a thorough  English 
gentleman,  perhaps  a little  blunt  in  speech,  but  has  a kind 
and  generous  heart.  He  revisited  England,  and  especially 
his  native  place,  in  1865.  He  purchased  and  occupied  his 
present  elegant  residence  in  1872.  He  was  married.  May 
28th,  1851,  at  Simcoe,  to  Annie  Williams,  and  has  five 
children  living. 


RAINER,  JOHN  IT.  .S.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Janu- 
ary 22(1,  1826,  at  Lancaster  city,  Pennsylvania, 
and  is  of  Irish  parentage,  both  his  father  and 
mother  having  emigrated  in  1818;  the  former 
was  a manufacturer  and  subsequently  engaged  in 
farming.  He  attended  school  in  Lancaster  until 
he  was  ten  years  old.  He  then  accompanied  his  parents  to 
their  new  home  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  where  he  went  to 
school  during  the  winter  months  in  Springfield  township, 
and  labored  on  his  father’s  farm  during  the  balance  of  the 
year.  He  thus  continued  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of 
age,  when  he  entered  the  academy  at  New  Hagerstown, 
Ohio,  remaining  there  until  the  spring  of  1845.  He  next 
became  engaged  in  teaching  school,  first  in  Harrison  county 
and  then  at  Cadiz,  so  continuing  until  1848.  Meanwhile  he 
had  commenced  reading  law  with  Hon.  T.  L.  Jewett,  and 
on  April  7th,  1848,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Steubenville. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Mount 
Gileon,  Ohio,  having  formed  a partnership  with  Judge 
Stewart,  of  Mansfield,  which,  however,  terminated  in  six 
months,  as  his  health  had  become  impaired.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Carrollton,  where  he  formed  a legal  partnership 
with  Judge  Beldon,  of  Canton,  which  continued  from  No- 
vember, 1848,  until  June  20th,  1S50.  He  next  opened  an 
office  at  Wellsville,  in  Columbiana  county,  where  he  prac- 
tised alone  until  April  ist,  1853,  and  then  returned  to  Steu- 
benville, where  he  found  a partner  in  Hon.  George  W. 
Mason.  This  firm  continued  only  nine  months,  when 
Mason  retired,  and  he  continued  on  his  sole  account  until 
he  associated  himself  in  May,  1862,  with  Robert  Martin, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Trainer  & Martin.  In  September, 
1862,  Martin  joined  the  army,  and  he  remained  without  any 
partner  until  the  following  April,  when  he  became  associated 
with  J.  F.  Daton.  The  latter  was  subsequently  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


307 


Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  the  firm  was  dissolved.  In  April, 
1865,  his  former  associate,  Martin,  returned  from  the  field, 
when  the  partnership  was  renewed  and  continued  until 
February,  1867,  when  Martin,  having  been  elected  Judge  of 
Probate,  necessitated  his  withdrawal.  He  then  connected 
himself  with  Milton  Taggart  for  one  year,  and  then,  after  a 
short  interval,  he  formed  a partnership,  November  1st,  1868, 
with  John  McCleave,  under  the  firm-name  of  Trainer  & 
McCleave,  which  terminated  November  1st,  1873.  Since 
the  latter  date  he  has  been  associated  with  John  M.  Cook, 
Under  the  style  of  Trainer  & Cook,  which  still  continues. 
He  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Jefferson  county  on 
the  Democratic  ticket  in  the  autumn  of  1853,  and  filled  that 
position  until  the  expiration  of  his  term,  January  1st,  1856. 
In  April,  1857,  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Steubenville,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  two  years.  He  was  a candidate 
for  County  Judge  in  October,  1858,  but  his  opponent  was 
elected  by  373  majority,  although  on  the  balance  of  the 
ticket  the  average  majority  was  1400.  In  April,  1859,  he 
was  elected  City  Solicitor,  and  held  the  position  for  two 
years.  He  declined  a renomination  for  this  office  as  well  as 
for  Mayor.  In  1871  he  was  tendered  the  nomination  for 
Common  Pleas  Judge,  but  declined  the  same.  In  1873 
was  nominated  as  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  the  State,  but  was  defeated  by  172  votes,  although 
the  county  had  at  the  previous  election  given  1700  Repub- 
lican majority.  His  name  was  brought  before  the  State 
Convention  in  1875  for  Attorney-Ceneral,  but  he  declined 
being  considered  a candidate,  although  the  nomination 
could  easily  have  been  obtained.  During  all  the  years  of 
the  practice  of  his  profession  he  has  been  very  successful, 
and  has  a large  and  lucrative  patronage.  He  embarked  on 
his  career  with  but  very  limited  means,  yet  by  his  indomi- 
table perseverance  and  industry  he  has  amassed  a compe- 
tence, and  ranks  as  one  of  the  best  attorneys  in  the  State. 
He  was  married,  October  loth,  1849,  1°  Hettie  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Judge  Morrison,  of  Carrollton,  Ohio,  and  has  had  six 
children,  of  whom  five  are  now  living. 


j*ODD,  EZR.\  SQUIERS,  Journalist  and  Editor  of 
the  Toledo  Democrat,  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  on  the  23d  of  July,  1844,  of  American 
parentage.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in 
the  free  schools  of  his  native  .State.  Subsequently 
he  attended  Crosse  Isle  Academy,  Michigan,  and 
Logan  College,  and  eventually  matriculated  at  the  Middle 
Temple  Inns,  London,  England.  The  profession  he  had 
selected  was  that  of  journalism,  and  he  established  himself 
in  Toledo  as  the  publisher  and  editor  of  the  Toledo  Demo- 
crat. He  subsequently  became  the  publisher  of  the  Colum- 
bus Ohio  Statesman,  as  well  as  of  the  Democrat,  one  of  the 
ablest  representatives  of  the  Democratic  press  in  Ohio.  In 
1865  he,  like  almost  everybody  else,  took  his  share  in  the 


war  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion.  He  was  appointed 
Major  of  the  184th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
seized  with  that  organization  until  it  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service.  Politically  he  is  a Democrat,  and  he  has 
worked  faithfully  and  well  in  the  interest  of  his  party.  His 
influence,  personally  and  through  the  medium  of  the  printing 
press,  has  been  ably  and  effectively  used  in  support  of  his 
political  faith.  His  labors  have  been  fully  appreciated  by 
his  party,  and  in  1872  he  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  for  election  to  the  State  .Senate  from  the  Thirty-third 
District.  He  received  the  support  of  the  full  party  strength 
of  the  district,  but  that  was  not  sufficient  to  carry  the  day  in 
a district  that  was  largely  Republican,  and  he  was  defeated. 
In  1874  he  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic  ticket  to 
represent  Lucas  county  in  the  Ohio  Legislature.  Again  he 
was  a candidate  in  a strong  Republican  community,  and 
again  he  was  defeated.  He  was  a delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
National  Convention.  In  1875  he  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Allen  to  the  position  of  State  Gas  Commissioner, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  He  has  also  been,  since 
1872,  a member  of  the  Toledo  Board  of  Education.  He 
was  married  in  1868  to  Julia  E.  Brigham,  who  died  May 
17th,  1875. 

ADE,  GENERAL  MELANCTHON  S.,  formerly 
Merchant  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  in  this 
city,  December  2d,  1802.  He  was  the  son  of 
David  E.  Wade,  who  was  an  active  participant  in 
the  colonial  struggle  for  independence,  and  who 
on  one  occasion  was  imprisoned  in  the  old  Sugar 
House  prison  at  New  York.  E).  E.  Wade  emigrated  from 
New  Jersey  in  1790,  and  settled  in  Cincinnati,  whose  present 
site  was  at  this  early  day  occupied  partly  by  a fort  only,  the 
country  thereabout  being  then  in  possession  of  the  Indians 
commanded  by  .Simon  Girty.  He  travelled  with  his  family 
in  wagons  from  New  Jersey  to  Redstone  Fort,  New  Browns- 
town,  on  the  Monongahela  river,  and  thence  to  Cincinnati, 
or  Fort  Washington.  On  arriving  at  this  point,  no  house 
or  hut  existing  in  which  to  find  shelter,  he  tore  apart  his 
boat,  and  with  the  lumber  thus  obtained  hastily  constructed 
a temporary  home,  which  served  as  a dwelling  place  until 
he  had  constructed  a more  substantial  one  built  of  logs  cut 
and  hewn  on  the  ground.  On  the  same  spot  where  he  con- 
structed his  first  home  in  the  wilderness,  and  where  he  died, 
July  22d,  1842,  he  constantly  lived  until  in  the  place  of  the 
original  forests  covering  a virgin  soil  he  saw  a great  city 
rise  around  him  ; and  his  log  house,  once  the  first  and  only 
one  for  miles  about,  was  figuratively  lost  in  the  midst  of  the 
many  homes  of  later  comers.  This  ground  is  now  the 
northeast  corner  of  Pearl  and  Butler  streets.  M.  S.  Wade 
received  such  an  education  as  was  obtainalile  at  the  schools 
of  Cincinnati  in  those  early  days,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  was  placed  by  his  father  in  the  dry  goods  store  of  John 
B.  Ennis,  in  order  to  learn  the  mercantile  business.  After 


!0S 


BIOGRAFHICAL  ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 


remaining  in  this  situation  for  three  or  four  years,  he 
accepted  a position  in  the  dry-goods  store  of  John  D.  Jones, 
where  he  served  for  several  years  as  salesman,  and  for  a 
portion  of  this  time  travelled  for  the  house  as  collector.  He 
subsequently  purchased  an  interest  in  the  business  of  this 
establishment,  which  he  retained  until  about  1830,  when  he 
embarked  in  the  same  business  in  connection  with  his 
brother,  Stephen  I.  Wade,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth 
and  Main  streets,  where,  in  addition  to  carrying  on  a very 
extensive  and  profitable  business,  he  conducted  the  affairs 
of  a large  tannery.  At  this  time  their  house  and  that  of 
John  Shillito’s  were  the  leading  dry-goods  establishments 
in  the  city.  In  1845,  accumulating  a handsome  for- 
tune, he  retired  from  business  and  removed  to  Avondale, 
one  of  the  loveliest  suburbs  of  Cincinnati,  where  he  lived 
until  his  decease.  On  arriving  at  manhood  he  identified 
himself  with  the  volunteer  militia  companies  of  the  city, 
and  by  regular  gradation  rose  from  the  rank  of  Second  Ser- 
geant to  that  of  Brigadier-General,  and  was  under  commis- 
sion from  1825  to  1839.  always  manifested  a warm 

interest  in  the  citizen  soldiery,  and  upon  the  outbreak  of  the 
late  civil  war  tendered  his  services  to  the  government,  and 
on  the  recommendation  of  General  O.  II.  Mitchell,  was 
commissioned  a Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  and  assigned  to  duty  as  Commandant  of 
Camp  Dennison,  then  the  rendezvous  of  the  major  portion 
of  the  Ohio  troops.  In  this  position  his  arduous  and  im- 
portant duties  were  faithfully  and  satisfactorily  performed, 
and  in  his  disposition  of  the  men  only  too  eager,  if  possible, 
to  finish  their  preparatory  drilling  and  proceed  to  the  seat 
of  war,  he  evinced  the  possession  of  sterling  administra- 
tive and  executive  talents.  For  three  months  he  was  con- 
stantly busied  in  drilling  and  equipping  the  troops,  and  for- 
warding them  to  the  field,  and  at  the  expiration  of  this  time, 
owing  to  the  effects  of  the  miasma  of  the  camp,  and  the 
attendant  exposure  of  camp  life,  particularly  prejudicial  at 
his  advanced  age,  his  constitution  gave  way,  and  he  w.as 
compelled  to  tender  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted. 
He  was  married  in  August,  1823,  to  Eliza  G.  Armstrong, 
daughter  of  Colonel  Armstrong,  of  revolutionary  fame,  by 
whom  he  had  seven  children,  four  sons  and  three  daughters ; 
of  these  three  are  now  living,  one  son  and  two  daughters. 
He  died  in  Avondale,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  August  nth,  1868. 


'HELDON,  BENJAMIN  ERASTUS,  Lawyer  and 
Mayor  of  Napoleon,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Huron 
county,  Ohio,  January  2.8th,  1834.  His  parents, 
natives  of  America,  were  of  English  origin.  His 
preliminary  literary  education  was  acquired  at 
Oberlin  College,  where  he  was  an  attendant  until 
the  end  of  the  junior  year;  he  graduated  subsequently,  in 
1861,  at  Lagrange  College,  Tennessee.  After  graduating, 
he  accepted  a superintendency  of  public  schools  at  Napoleon, 


Ohio,  and  during  the  ensuing  two  years  performed  the  duties 
of  his  trust  with  marked  fidelity  and  ability.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  this  time  he  began  to  apply  his  attention,  in  the  same 
place,  to  the  theory  and  practice  of  law.  He  pursued  his 
legal  studies  under  the  supervision  of  Judge  Morris,  of 
Miami  county,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864. 
Since  that  time  he  has  resided  in  Napoleon,  Ohio,  and  is 
now  the  leading  lawyer  of  the  place,  and  the  possessor  of  a 
very  extensive  clientage.  In  April,  1874,  he  was  elected  to 
the  honorable  office  now  filled  by  him,  of  Mayor  of  Napo- 
leon. Originally  well  endowed  by  nature  with  sterling 
capacities,  he  has  been  a close  reader  and  observer  through- 
out his  life,  and  valuing  highly  the  beneficent  influence  of 
thorough  culture  on  self  and  humanity,  has  constantly 
sought  knowledge  in  all  seasons  and  under  all  guises.  He 
was  married,  June  nth,  1863,  to  Anna  E.  Dodd,  of  Napo- 
leon, Ohio 


ABBITT,  HENRY  S.,  M.D.,  Chief  Clerk  and 
Deputy  Auditor  of  State,  was  born  at  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  December  1st,  1826;  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  that  towm;  studied  medicine 
at  Northampton,  teaching  school  to  meet  his  ex- 
penses; graduated  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1848;  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  w'as  elected  Secretary 
of  the  “ Berkshire  Medical  Association,”  and  a member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society  the  .same  year;  discharged 
the  duties  of  City  Physician  of  Lowell  in  1849,  under  Pro- 
fessor Abner  H.  Brown;  and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year 
commenced  business  in  the  new  manufacturing  town  now 
called  Holyoke  ; w'as  elected  Treasurer  of  the  town  in  1850, 
and  appointed  Postmaster  by  President  Fillmore.  He  went 
to  New  York  city  in  1853,  where  he  was  appointed  an 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Crystal  Palace  Association,  and 
had  charge  of  the  agricultural  department  of  the  World’s 
Fair  while  it  existed.  He  w'as  one  of  the  contributors  to 
“ Putnam’s  Illustrated  Record  of  the  Exhibition  of  the  In- 
dustry of  all  Nations,”  and  during  the  same  year  w'rote  up 
the  “ History  of  Reaping  Machines  from  the  Earliest  Date,” 
which  W'as  published  in  a series  of  articles  in  the  Scientific 
American.  He  removed  to  Newark,  Ohio,  in  i854>  to  fid 
an  engagement  for  five  years  wdth  the  Newark  Machine 
Works-  remained  with  that  company  till  the  breaking  out 
of  the  slaveholders’  rebellion  ; was  Secretary  of  the  Newark 
Horticultural  Society,  etc.  The  president  of  the  machine 
works  (General  Georgy  B.  Wright)  being  appointed  Quarter- 
master-General of  Ohio,  Dr.  Babbitt  was  invited  to  assist  in 
his  office,  from  which  he  w'as  sent  on  an  expedition  to  Gen- 
eral J.  D.  Cox,  at  Gauley  Bridge,  Virginia,  and  was  com- 
missioned by  Governor  Dennison,  August  6th,  1861,  as 
Lieutenant  and  Quartermaster  to  equip  the  31st  Regiment 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  While  serving  w'ith  his  regiment 
he  W'as  appointed  Post  Commissary  at  Camp  Dick  Robinson, 
Kentucky,  in  November,  1861,  and  assigned  by  General 


..  k IL. 


fsJ 


I 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


309 


George  H.  Thomas  to  his  staff  as  Division  Commissary,  in 
January,  1862.  He  was  relieved  of  that  duty  in  April, 
while  lying  sick  near  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Tennessee,  and 
was  appointed  senior  Aide-de-camp  by  General  Thomas  on 
the  evacuation  of  Corinth,  Mississippi,  in  May,  remaining  in 
that  capacity  and  serving  as  Assistant  Adjutant-General 
under  that  most  loved  commander  and  faithful  friend  until 
appointed  to  a position  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  November,  1862.  While  in  this  office  he  wrote 
up  for  the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War  the 
“ History  of  the  Intercourse  with  the  Rebellious  State,”  from 
its  commencement,  under  the  motto  of  Mr.  Chase  that 
“trade  should  follow  the  flag.”  He  left  Washington  in 
August,  1S63,  on  receipt  of  a telegram  from  Governor  Tod 
to  return  to  Ohio,  and  was  appointed  Paymaster  for  the 
troops  called  out  to  repel  the  “Morgan  raid”  and  adjust 
the  compensation  for  services  and  supplies  for  the  same ; 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Morgan  raid  Commissioners  by 
Governor  Brough  in  April,  1864,  and  made  the  report  for 
the  same  in  December  of  that  year ; was  commissioned  by 
Governor  Brough  to  settle  certain  war  claims  of  the  State 
of  Ohio  against  the  United  States,  a duty  satisfactorily  per- 
formed. He  was  appointed  principal  bookkeeper  in  the 
Auditor  of  State’s  office  in  January,  1865,  and  promoted  to 
the  Chief  Clerkship  in  J.anuary,  1S72,  to  which  [lost  he  was 
reappointed  for  four  years,  January  loth,  1876;  was 
appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  in  1865,  to  serve  during  the  absence  of  the  sec- 
retary that  season,  in  Europe;  was  reappointed  in  1866; 
was  elected  Recording  Secretary  in  1867,  and  has  for  ten 
successive  years  been  re-elected  Recording  and  Financial 
Secretary  of  that  society  ; he  has  officiated  at  every  State 
fair  since  1853,  except  three  during  the  war.  In  1870  he 
was  chosen  Treasurer  of  the  Ohio  Agricultural  and  Mechan- 
ical College,  and  has  been  six  times  re-elected  to  that 
responsible  post.  In  -August,  1874,  he  was  chosen  a mem- 
ber of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  at  Hartford,  Connecticut.  For  several  years  he 
has  been  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  of  Columbus,  and  Secretary  of  the  same.  Dr. 
Babbitt  was  married,  .September  lyih,  1850,  nt  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  to  a former  pupil,  Harriet  Maria,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sidney  Smith,  of  Sterling,  Massachusetts.  Five 
children  (three  daughters  and  two  sons)  have  been  born  to 
them;  the  eldest  son,  George  Henry  Thomas,  graduated  at 
the  United  States  Naval  .Academy,  in  Tune,  1S75,  in  his 
nineteenth  year.  In  early  life  Dr.  Babbitt  was,  in  politics, 
a Free-Soil  Democrat;  in  religion,  too  liberal  in  his  views 
to  subscribe  to  any  “ creed';  ” later,  and  always  a Republi- 
can, and  in  religion,  convinced  that  liberality  so  called  was 
only  in  practice  another  term  for  license,  he  joinerl  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  under  the 
earnest,  convincing  ministrations  of  Rev.  E.  P.  Goodwin, 
now  of  Chicago,  Illinois.  An  earnest  advocate  of  “ temper- 
ance in  all  things,”  yet  impulsive  and  radical  by  nature, 


though  staid  and  conservative  from  habit,  he  has  ever  been 
ready  to  test  any  innovation  that  gave  fair  promise  of  economy 
in  time  or  substance ; hence  he  has  been  a member  of  such 
organizations,  public  or  secret,  from  his  youth  up,  as  prom- 
ised amelioration  for  the  evils  of  society. 


ISE,  REV.  ISAAC  M.,  Jewish  Rabbi,  and  Editor 
of  the  Americctn  Israelite  and  jDie  Dehorah,  was 
born,  April  3d,  1819,  in  Bohemia.  He  was  edu- 
cated primarily  in  Prague,  and  finally  in  Vienna, 
graduating  from  the  university  in  the  latter  city  in 
1843.  He  was  immediately  thereafter  appointed 
Rabbi  of  a congregation  at  Radnitz  in  Bohemia,  and  con- 
tinued there  until  1846,  when  he  resigned  his  pastoral  charge 
and  sailed  for  the  United  States.  On  his  arrival  in  New 
A’ork,  he  accepted  a call  to  minister  to  a Hebrew'  congrega- 
tion in  Albany,  where  he  sojourned  until  1854,  when  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati  to  become  Rabbi  of  the  Temple  Con- 
gregation in  that  city.  In  1855  he  established  the  Ameri- 
can Israelite,  and  in  the  following  year  Die  Deborah  ; both 
of  these  publications  have  been  issued  uninterruptedly  since, 
and  he  still  continues  his  position  as  chief  editor  of  both. 
In  addition  to  his  pastoral  and  editorial  labors,  he  has 
written  many  well-know'n  and  important  works,  including 
the  “ History  of  Israel,”  1854;  “ Prayer  Books  of  American 
Israelites,”  1857;  “Hymns,  Psalms  and  Prayers,”  1868; 
“Origin  of  Christianity,”  1868;  “Judaism,  its  Doctrines 
and  Duties,”  1872  ; “ The  Martyrdom  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth,” 
1874;  and  “ The  Cosmic  God,”  1875;  the  latter  a funda- 
mental, ])hilosophic  work.  He  has  never  aspired  to  any 
political  or  partisan  office,  and  declined  the  nomination  on 
the  Democratic  ticket,  in  1863,  to  the  .State  Senate.  He  w'as 
elected  a School  Trustee,  and  served  in  that  capacity  fur  six 
years,  and  was  a Trustee  of  P'armers’  College  for  three  years. 
He  has  labored  long  and  persistently  for  the  reform  move- 
ment among  the  American  Hebrew's,  and  w'as  President  of 
the  first  Jewish  conference  which  ever  assembled  in  the 
United  States;  this  body  met  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1875. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  Rabbi  of  a large  and  influential  con- 
gregation in  New'  York  city,  with  a salary  of  ;^Sooo  per  year, 
but  declined  the  same.  He  has  likewise  been  tendered 
many  honorary  degrees  by  various  institutions,  but  has  never 
accepted  the  s.ame.  In  July,  1875,  he  w'as  elected  a member 
of  the  Board  of  School  Examiners  for  the  city  of  Cincinnati ; 
and  on  August  29th  of  the  .same  year  w'as  chosen  Piesident 
of  the  Hebrew  Union  College  of  that  city,  in  w'hich  institu- 
tion he  fills  the  chair  of  Professor  of  History  and  Philo.so- 
phy.  He  was  married.  May  26th,  1844,  to  Therese  Block, 
of  Grafenreid,  Bohemia,  who  died  in  1874.  As  a ])ublic 
orator,  among  the  American  Hebrews  especially,  he  was 
very  successful,  so  that  he  was  called,  to  deliver  the  jHiblic 
orations  on  laying  corner-stones,  and  dedicating  synagogues 
and  other  public  buildings,  to  almost  all  parts  of  the  country. 


310 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


including  New  York  city,  the  New  England  States,  as  well 
as  the  West  and  South.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
scientific  Talmudists,  and  a most  liberal  expounder  thereof. 


^ ACKUS,  HON.  FRANKLIN  T.,  Lawyer  and 
Statesman,  was  born,  May  6th,  1813,  in  Lee, 
Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts.  When  he  was 
very  young,  his  father,  Thomas  Backus,  removed 
to  Lansing,  New  York,  and  there  died,  leaving  a 
widow  and  large  family  with  but  limited  means 
of  support.  From  this  cause  he  was  oldiged  to  spend  his 
early  days  upon  a farm,  and  to  the  hardy  exercise  then 
taken  was  due  the  strong  constitution  which  enabled  him  to 
endure  the  severe  mental  toil  of  an  extensive  legal  practice. 
By  hard  study  he  prepared  himself  for  college  in  an  unusu- 
ally short  time,  and  on  examination  was  admitted  to  the 
junior  class  of  Yale  College  in  1834,  and  graduated  with 
high  honors  in  1836,  holding  the  position  of  one  of  the  best 
mathematicians  of  his  class.  As  soon  as  he  had  graduated, 
he  was  tendered  the  position  of  assistant  professor.  Imme- 
diately on  leaving  college  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
commencing  life  there  by  opening  a classical  school,  in 
which  he  was  very  successful.  He  then  read  law  with 
Messrs.  Bolton  & Kelly.  He  was  admitted  to  practise  at 
the  Cuyahoga  bar  in  August,  1839,  at  the  term  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  then  in  session,  and  at  once  took  a high  posi- 
tion in  the  profession.  In  1841  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Whig  party  to  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the 
county.  He  was  elected  and  re-elected  for  the  second  term 
of  two  years.  In  1S46  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  House 
of  the  General  Assembly,  and  served  one  term  and  refusing 
a second.  In  1S48  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  prominent  members  of  that  body. 
Subsequently  he  was  nominated  by  the  Whig  party  for 
Supreme  Judge  of  Ohio,  and  later  by  the  Republican  party. 
The  ticket  on  which  he  run  was  defeated  both  times,  but 
he  stood  very  high  on  it.  In  1S60-C1  Governor  Dennison 
appointed  him  one  of  the  peace  commissioners  to  compro- 
mise the  differences  between  the  North  and  the  South.  In 
this  good  cause  he  labored  earnestly  yet  without  success. 
After  the  war  had  really  begun  he  gave  every  assistance  in 
his  power  to  the  United  States.  In  1840  he  associated 
himself  in  the  practice  of  law  with  J.  P.  Bishop,  the  part- 
nership continuing  for  fifteen  years,  when  Mr.  Bishop  became 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  then 
entered  into  partnership  with  Judge  R.  P.  Ranney,  and 
later  with  Mr.  E.  J.  Estep.  After  his  retirement  from  the  | 
State  Senate,  he  devoted  himself  almost  exclusively  to  his  j 
profession.  At  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  Cleveland 
railroads,  he  became  interested  in  them,  and  was  retained 
as  attorney  and  counsel  for  the  principal  companies,  holding  j 
that  position  until  his  death.  His  knowledge  of  the  law  j 
relating  to  corporations  was  unsurpassed.  He  was  fre- 


quently consulted  in  behalf  of  the  city,  and  his  opinions 
were  always  final  authority.  No  client  ever  lost  by  his 
inattention  to  the  merits  of  the  cause,  or  by  his  inability  to 
present  all  its  good  points  to  a jury,  or  his  neglect  to  hunt 
out  for  the  judge  all  the  authorities  that  sustained  the  case. 
His  integrity  no  man  questioned.  He  discouraged  litiga- 
tion when  a fair  settlement  could  be  made,  but  no  man 
prosecuted  more  vigorously  what  he  considered  right.  In 
the  spring  of  1870  he  broke  down  suddenly  from  overwork, 
and  died  May  I4tb,  1S70.  In  January,  1842,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Lucy  Mygatt,  daughter  of  George  Mygatt,  then  of 
Painesville,  Ohio,  and  subsequently  of  Cleveland. 


k||EEKI.SON,  DAVID  STEWART,  Lawyer  and 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Henry  county,  Ohio,  was 
born  in  Dundee,  Scotland,  November  14th,  1849. 
In  May,  1855,  he  left  his  native  country  and 
settled  in  Napoleon,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  and  where,  also,  he  received  his  element- 
ary education  in  the  public  schools.  After  completing  a 
course  of  legal  studies,  under  the  supervision  of  J.  H.  Tyler, 
then  a resident  practitioner  of  Napoleon,  Ohio,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  July,  1872.  He  commenced  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession  in  the  same  year  and  place,  and 
rapidly  secured  favorable  notice  as  a rising  and  able  prac- 
titioner. In  (October,  1S74,  he  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Henry  county,  Ohio,  which  position  he  still 
occupies.  He  has  also  held  several  local  official  positions 
of  trust  and  honor,  and  in  all  of  these  deported  himself  with 
fidelity  and  ability.  In  1867  he  became  attached  to  the 
4th  United  States  Artillery,  and  was  engaged  in  this  branch 
of  the  service  for  about  three  years.  While  no  politician  in 
the  narrower  sense,  he  takes  an  active  interest  in  public 
affairs,  finding  in  the  creed  of  the  Democratic  party  the 
expression  of  his  views  and  sentiments. 


APTR,  JOHN  CHARLES,  Druggist  and  Book- 
seller, was  born  in  Manchester,  Summit  county, 
Ohio,  April  5th,  1841,  and  is  the  son  of  American 
parents  of  German  extraction.  In  1850  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  and 
settled  at  a point  located  about  six  miles  north 
from  Fostoria,  Ohio.  In  the  years  1857-58  he  attended 
Heidelberg  College  of  Tiffin,  Ohio.  From  1858  until  1862 
he  was  engaged  in  teaching  school,  but  not  finding  that 
mode  of  life  congenial  to  his  tastes,  he  ultimately  entered 
the  drug  store  of  Dubois  & Co.,  of  Tiffin,  Ohio,  in  the 
capacity  of  clerk.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  removed  to 
Napoleon,  Ohio,  and  purchasing  a small  stock  of  drugs, 
entered  into  active  life  on  his  own  account  and  resources  in 
the  drug  and  book  business.  During  his  residence  in 
Napoleon,  by  strict  attention  to  his  business,  and  to  a great 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


311 


extent  by  his  sterling  personal  characteristics,  he  has  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  the  confluence  of  the  general  commu- 
nity; has  secured  extensive  tind  profitable  trade  relations. 
The  Democratic  party  commands  his  sympathy  and  support, 
but  he  has  never  taken  any  active  part  in  the  partisan  con- 
tests of  the  day,  beyond  that  demanded  of  him  as  a loyal 
citizen.  He  was  married,  August  22d,  1864,  to  Prudence 
Ann  Belden,  who  was  at  that  time  attending  school  in 
Oberlin,  Ohio. 


51.^  ILL,  GENERAL  JOSHUA  W.,  was  born  at 
Chillicothe,  Ohio,  December  6th,  1831.  . His 
father,  a lawyer  of  distinction,  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  that  place,  and  still  resided 
there  some  years  after  the  war.  His  mother  died 
while  he  was  very  young,  and  he  was  reared  and 
educated  at  home  under  the  eye  of  his  father.  He  had  a 
taste  for  literature  and  science,  which  was  fostered  and 
developed.  In  1850  he  was  appointed  a cadet  to  West 
Point,  graduating  third  in  his  class,  in  18531  being  at 
once  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  of  Ordnanci.’  at  Water- 
viiet  Arsenal.  Ordered  back  to  the  Academy  as  instructor, 
he  remained  there  until  next  year,  when  he  was  sent  to 
Oregon  to  supermtend  the  construction  of  magazines  and 
fortifications.  During  the  Indian  war  in  Oregon,  he  tvas 
Chief  of  Ordnance  to  General  Harney,  and  performed  his 
duties  with  energy  and  efficiency.  But  not  liking  the  posi- 
tion, having  had  a misunderstanding  with  the  commanding 
general,  he  applied  for  and  obtained  an  exchange;  and  in 
the  fall  of  1859  he  was  again  at  Watervliet.  Ordered  from 
there  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  he  remained  at  that  point  until 
the  spring  of  i860,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  to  ac- 
cept the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and  Engineering  in 
the  Polytechnic  College,  at  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Here, 
in  a position  he  filled  with  ability,  the  opening  of  the  war 
found  him.  He  was  offered  and  urged  to  accept  the  Col- 
onelcy of  several  New  York  regiments,  but  he  chose  to  re- 
turn to  his  native  State,  where  he  entered  the  Adjutant- 
General’s  office,  and  assisted  in  organizing  and  equipping 
Ohio  regiments  until  the  summer  of  1861,  when  he  took 
command  of  the  33d  Ohio  Infantry,  and  accompanied 
McClellan  to  the  Kanawha  Valley,  in  West  Virginia. 
I'rorn  this  time  until  his  death  in  the  field,  he  was  con- 
stantly in  active  service;  under  Nelson  and  Thomas  in 
eastern  Kentucky;  Mitchel  in  Alabama;  and  Buell  and 
Rosecrans  in  Tennessee  and  Kentucky.  In  every  sphere 
of  military  duty  he  proved  himself  a skilful  soldier  and 
honor.able  gentleman.  Although  but  a Colonel  in  rank  at 
the  outset,  he  commanded  a brigade  from  the  first,  and  it 
was  not  until  the  winter  of  1861  that  he  was  made  a Briga- 
dier-General. This  was  for  “ gallant  and  meritorious  con- 
duct in  the  field.”  On  the  organization  of  Buell's  army  at 
Bardstown,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a division  in 
McCook’s  corps,  which  he  held  until  death  relieved  him. 


j He  was  killed  at  Murfreesboro’,  December  31st,  1862, 
; while  leading  a brilliant  charge  against  the  enemy,  under 
an  order  of  General  Sheridan.  In  appearance  the  Gener.al 
was  of  light  build,  with  a mild  and  pleasing  address.  He 
was  a man  of  scholarship  and  refinement,  and  of  simplicity 
and  kindness  in  manner.  His  life  was  ])ure  and  spotless, 
and  he  was  loved  by  all  who  knew  him,  and  especially  was 
he  idolized  by  his  soldiers.  The  State  of  Ohio  has  been 
honored  by  men  more  known  to  fame,  but  she  never  sent 
forth  a braver  man  to  battle  for  his  country.  He  was 
among  the  youngest  generals  in  the  service,  and  was  cut 
off  in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness  to  the  cause. 


ONG,  DAVID,  Physician,  was  born  at  Hebron, 
New  York,  on  the  29th  of  .September,  1787.  He 
sprang  from  New  England  ancestry,  both  his 
father  and  his  mother  being  natives  of  Massachu- 
setts. He  received  his  general  education  in 
Massachusetts,  and  when  the  time  came  to  decide 
upon  a profession,  he  chose  that  of  his  father.  Dr.  D.avid 
Long,  Sr.  Having  made  his  decision  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  his  father,  and  having  accomplished 
the  preparatory  course  of  reading,  he  went  to  New  York  to 
continue  and  perfect  his  studies.  There  he  graduated  and 
received  his  diploma,  when  he  was  twenty-two  years  of 
age.  Immediately  after  his  graduation,  in  1809,  he  re- 
moved to  the  wilderness  of  Ohio,  and  established  himself  in 
what  is  now  Cleveland.  At  that  time  the  settlement  con- 
sisted of  only  half  a dozen  houses,  and  these  were  nearly 
all  shanties.  Here  he  commenced  practice  as  a physician 
and  surgeon,  and  here  he  achieved  a professional  success 
rarely  surpassed.  He  was  composed  of  the  material  that 
genuine  pioneers  are  made  of.  He  had  strong  will,  tireless 
energy,  and  indomitable  perseverance,  and  it  was  fortunate 
that  he  was  so  endowed,  for  his  practice  was  attended  with 
very  great  fatigue  and  a degree  of  danger  which  the  people 
of  to-day  cannot  realize  at  all.  His  “ ride  ” extended  all 
over  northern  Ohio,  and  that  region  was  then  an  almost 
unbroken  wilderness,  a ride  through  which  was  anything 
but  a pleasure  trip.  His  success  was  great  from  the  first  ; 
and  as  the  population  grew  more  and  more  dense,  the 
demands  on  his  time  and  his  professional  skill  became  con- 
tinuous; and  not  only  was  his  professional  popularity  very 
great,  but  the  personal  consideration  in  which  he  was  held 
was  exceedingly  high.  As  the  physician  he  won  the  con- 
fidence of  the  entire  community,  and  as  the  man  he  received 
the  respect  and  love  of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 
Politically  he  belonged  to  the  Whig  party,  and  acted  with 
that  organization  on  all  the  issues  of  the  day  in  which  he 
lived.  But  he  was  not  a politician,  and  his  political  action 
consisted  in  the  performance  of  the  citizen’s  duty  of  voting. 
He  never  held  political  office,  and  never  occiqiied  public 
position  of  any  kind.  He  had  devoted  himself  to  his  pro- 


3'2 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 


fession,  and  his  profession  sufficed  to  occupy  his  time,  his 
thoughts,  and  his  energies.  At  an  early  day  he  invested 
largely  in  real  estate,  and  now  his  three  children  are  enjoy- 
ing the  benefits  of  these  wise  and  thoughtful  investments. 
He  died  on  the  1st  of  September,  1851,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
four  years,  having  lived  to  see  the  little  settlement,  in  which 
he  cast  his  lot,  grow  to  be  one  of  the  largest  cities  in  the 
State,  and  leaving  behind  him  a whole  community  of 
mourners. 


ITCIIEL,  GENERAL  ORMSBY  McKNIGIIT, 
was  born  near  Morganfield,  Union  county,  Ken- 
tucky, August  28th,  1810.  His  parents  came  from 
Yirginia,  where  they  had  owned  considerable 
property.  The  father  was  a man  of  intellect,  with 
a strong  liking  for  mathematics,  and  an  inclina- 
tion for  the  astronomical  studies  that  were  to  make  his  son 
so  famous.  The  mother  was  a cultivated,  refined,  and 
pious  woman.  Three  years  after  the  birth  of  Ormsby,  the 
father  died,  and  other  deaths  bereaved  the  household  in 
rapid  succession.  The  mother  decided  to  leave  a neighbor- 
hood that  proved  so  unhealthy,  and  the  family  made  their 
way  to  the  Ohio  river,  crossing  to  the  point  where  Cincin- 
nati now  stands,  thence  to  Miami,  in  Clermont  county,  and 
from  there  to  Lebanon,  in  Warren  county.  Ormsby,  too 
young  to  help  in  the  support  of  the  family,  was  allowed  to 
devote  himself  to  books,  and  proved,  with  his  imperfect, 
facilities,  a very  apt  student.  At  nine  years  he  was  reading 
Virgil.  At  twelve  he  was  progressing  in  Greek.  Then  he 
was  placed  in  a country  store,  where  he  worked  'hard  day 
and  evening  for  twenty-five  cents  a day,  fot  two  years. 
Then  the  harshness  of  his  employer’s  wife-  caused  him  to 
leave  and  to  face  the  world  without  .t  cent.  Meeting  a 
countryman  with  a team  he  accosted  nim,  and  secured  em- 
ployment as  a teamster.  But  this  life  could  not  but  be  dis- 
tasteful to  the  student  and  future  great  scientist;  and  his 
mother,  through  her  kinsman.  Justice  McLean,  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  .States,  secured  for  him  an 
appointment  to  West  Point,  although  he  was  then  not  quite 
fifteen.  It  was  doubted  whether  he  would  pass  the  exami- 
nation. “ I shall  go  through,  sir,”  was  the  confident  re- 
sponse of  the  lad.  With  a little  knapsack  on  his  back,  he 
started  for  the  academy.  Partly  on  foot,  sometimes  on 
horseback,  and  by  canal  boat,  he  arrived  there  with  a 
shilling  in  his  pocket.  Though  the  youngest  boy,  he  passed 
as  creditably  as  most  of  the  applicants.  A daily  routine  of 
study  was  a novelty  to  hin,  and  he  had  not  acquired  the 
self-control  necessary  to  keep  him  at  his  best.  But  for  this 
he  would  have  graduated  much  higher.  In  his  class  an 
uidenown  name  was  first,  R.  E.  Lee,  second,  Joseph  E. 
Johnston,  thirteenth,  O.  M.  Mitchel,  fifteenth,  and  B.  W. 
Brice,  fortieth.  Jefferson  Davis  was  also  a cadet  there  at 
this  time,  and,  it  is  said,  liked  the  little  fellow  so  well  as 
to  have  often  made  him  his  companion.  After  his  gradua- 


tion, at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  was  retained  as  Assistant 
Instructor  in  Mathematics.  He  displayed  great  ability  in 
this  position,  and  was  well  hiked  by  all.  Serving  here  a 
couple  of  years,  he  was  sent  on  garrison  duty  to  St.  Augus- 
tine, Florida.  Before  this  .he  had  won  the  heart  of  a Mrs. 
Trask,  the  widow  of  a West-  Pointer,  and  a member  of  a 
prominent  family  in  the  cotanty  in  which  the  academy  was 
situated.  His  marriage  le'J  him  to  dislike  his  jirofession, 
and  he  began  to  study  law.  Finally  he  resigned  his  com- 
mission, and  began  the  prcictice  of  law  in  Cincinnati.  His 
partner  was  Edw,  rd  D.  Mansfield.  They  had  a hard 
struggle,  and  barely  madp  a living.  “ How  much  did  you 
and  Mitchel  make  practising  law  ?”  the  surviving  partner 
was  once  asked.  “I  think  about  fifty  dollars  in  all,”  was 
the  reply.  During  this  time  he  delivered  his  first  lecture 
on  astronomy,  to  an  i’nsignificant  audience  in  point  of  num- 
bers. He  also  join.ed  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher’s  church,  and 
was  prominent  fov  his  fervid  zeal  at  prayer-meetings.  In 
1834  the  partner®,  were  given  professorships  in  the  College 
of  Cincinnati.  His  chair  was  that  of  Mathematics,  Natu- 
ral Philosophy,  and  Astronomy.  Here  began  his  fame  as  a 
teacher,  and  soon  his  influence  was  felt  outside  the  college 
and  chuveh.  Railroad  enterprise  was  in  its  infancy,  and 
his  knowledge  of  civil  engineering  was  turned  to  account. 
He  encouraged  the  building  of  the  proposed  road  up  the 
valley  of  the  Little  Miami,  and  finally  became  its  engineer 
at  the  youthful  age  of  twenty-six.  In  conjunction  with 
George  Neff  he  secured  a loan  of  $200,000  from  the  city  of 
Cincinnati,  to  assist  the  work.  In  1836-37  he  was  its  chief 
engineer,  and  between  this  duty  and  the  professorship  he 
was  kept  busy.  But  another  matter  was  also  engaging  his 
broad  intellect.  He  was  an  enthusiast  in  the  science  of 
astronomy,  and  deplored  the  lack  of  sufficient  apparatus  for 
making  instructive  observations.  He  conceived  the  project 
of  erecting  a complete  observatory,  and  threw  his  very  soul 
into  making  it  a success.  He  delivered  a series  of  lectures 
on  astronomy,  which  drew  the  most  cultivated  and  intelli- 
gent people  of  Cincinnati.  The  last  lecture  was  repeated 
by  request,  and  drew  an  audience  of  over  two  thousand 
persons.  At  its  close  he  developed  his  plan  of  operations, 
that  of  forming  a joint  stock  company,  with  shares  at  twenty- 
five  dollars  each,  work  to  commence  when  three  hundred 
were  sold.  At  last  this  number  was  subscribed  for,  and  he 
went  to  Europe  to  examine  instruments.  After  much  un- 
successful search,  he  found  at  Munich  a lens  to  suit  him. 
It  was  not  finished,  but  he  contracted  for  it  at  ten  thousand 
dollars,  although  but  seven  thousand  had  been  subscribed. 
He  was  determined  to  have  the  observatory  the  finest  in  the 
United  States,  and  he  returned  home  to  raise  the  money. 
He  amused  local  pride  by  his  report,  and  raised  the  money. 
Nicholas  Longworth  gave  the  ground  for  its  erection. 
John  Quincy  Adams  laid  the  corner-stone.  There  was  still 
much  to  do  to  complete  the  work,  but  the  projector  finally 
surmounted  all  difficulty,  and  the  telescope  was  placed  in 
position  in  March,  1845.  promised  to  give  his 


■Engraved  Vr 


MAJ.-GEN.  O.M.MITCHEL 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPy^EDIA. 


313 


services  at  the  observator)’  for  ten  years,  free  of  charge,  de- 
pending upon  his  salary  at  college  for  support.  But  the 
college  was  burned  down,  and  with  it  his  means  of  liveli- 
hood. Pie  at  once  entered  the  lecture-field,  was  pecuni- 
arily and  otherwise  more  than  simply  successful,  and  re- 
turned to  the  observatory  in  accordance  with  his  promise. 
His  inventive  genius  brought  new  mechanical  aids  to  his 
favorite  study.  He  still  found  other  fields,  which,  if  not  so 
congenial,  were  very  necessary  as  a means  of  support.  He 
surveyed  the  route  for  the  Ohio  & Mississippi  Railroad, 
used  his  persuasive  eloquence  in  securing  the  co-operation 
of  State  Legislatures,  and  thrice  crossed  the  Atlantic  to 
negotiate  its  bonds.  More  than  to  any  other  single  indi- 
vidual was  the  success  of  this  road  due  to  him.  He  also 
for  a time  pulilished  the  Sidereal  Alessenger,  an  astronomical 
journal,  which  lived  for  a year  or  two.  His  first  book, 
the  “ Planetary  and  Stellar  Worlds,”  was  well  received  here 
and  in  Europe.  His  lectures  on  the  “Astronomy  of  the 
Bible  ” were  also  published  in  book  form,  much  to  the 
gratification  of  those  who  heard  them.  In  i860  his  “ Popu- 
lar Astronomy”  was  published.  During  these  active  years 
he  had  not  entirely  forgotten  his  military  training,  for  he 
was  captain  of  a volunteer  company  for  ten  years.  For  two 
years  he  was  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  Such 
had  been  his  various  and  useful  career  up  to  the  beginning 
of  the  war,  at  which  lime,  in  answer  to  an  appeal,  he  was 
furthering  the  efforts  to  have  an  observatory  constructed  at 
Albany,  Xew  York.  Science  and  every  interest  of  his  life 
were  forgotten  in  patriotism.  At  the  great  Union  meeting 
in  Xew  York,  his  speech  was  the  most  electrifying. 

....  I owe  allegiance  to  the  government  of  the  United 
■States.  A poor  boy,  working  my  way  with  my  own  hands, 
at  the  age  of  twelve  turned  out  to  take  care  of  myself  as 
best  I could,  and  beginning  by  earning  but  four  dollars  a 
month,  I worked  my  w.ay  on  until  this  glorious  government 
gave  me  a chance  at  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point. 

Then  I swore  allegiance  to  the  government  of  the 

United  States.  I did  not  abjure  the  love  of  my  native  State, 
nor  of  my  adopted  .State,  but  all  over  that  rose  triumphant 
amt  predominant  my  love  for  our  common  country.  And 
now,  to-day,  that  common  country  is  assailed,  and,  alas  ! 
alas!  that  I am  compelled  to  say  it,  is  assailed  in  some  sense 

by  my  own  countrymen They  are  countrymen  no 

longer  when  war  breaks  out.  The  rebels  and  traitors  in  the 
■South  we  must  set  aside;  they  are  not  our  friends.  When 
they  come  to  their  senses  we  « ill  receive  them  with  open 
arms;  but  till  that  time,  while  they  are  trailing  our  banner 
in  the  dust,  then  we  must  smite.  In  God’s  name  I will 
smite,  and  as  long  as  I have  strength  I will  do  it.  [Enthu- 
si.astic  applause.]  Oh,  listen  to  me!  listen  to  me!  I know 
these  men.  I know  their  courage.  I have  been  among 
them  ; 1 have  been  reared  with  them.  They  are  brave — 

do  not  pretend  to  think  they  are  nr  t I trust  you 

are  all  ready;  I am  ready.  God  help  me  to  do  my  duty. 
I am  ready  to  fight  in  the  ranks  or  out  of  the  ranks.  Hav- 
ing been  educated  in  the  Academy,  having  been  in  the 
army  seven  years,  having  served  as  commander  of  a volun- 
teer company  for  ten  years,  and  as  an  Adjutant-General  of 
my  State,  I feel  that  1 am  ready  for  something.  I only  ask 
to  be  permitted  to  act;  and  in  God’s  name  give  me  some- 
thing to  do. 


This  stirring  address  and  appeal,  so  small  a portion  of 
which  is  given,  melted  men  and  women  to  tears.  All 
thought  the  trouble  would  be  of  short  duration,  and  the 
gallant  speaker  was  not  called  into  service  until  the  follow- 
ing August,  on  the  8th  day  of  which  he  was  made  a Briga- 
dier-General of  Volunteers.  He  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  Department  of  Ohio,  with  head-quarters  at  Cincinnati. 
He  at  once  put  the  city  in  a position  of  defence,  and  took 
charge  of  the  raw  troops  centring  there.  He  was  espe- 
cially eager  to  go  to  the  relief  of  the  East  Tennessee  Union- 
ists, and  received  his  orders  to  start.  But  the  order  was 
countermanded  before  he  got  ready.  When  Buell  assumed 
command  in  Kentucky,  he  was  relieved  in  Cincinnati,  and 
given  command  of  a division  of  the  army  then  forming 
between  Louisville  and  Bowling  Green.  He  thoroughly 
drilled  his  troops,  and  then  asked  Buell  to  allow  him  to 
face  the  enemy.  The  zeal  which  he  infused  into  his  every 
movement  aroused  the  jealousy  of  other  division  command- 
ers, and  his  activity  was  looked  upon  with  disfavor. 
Placed  in  command  of  raw  troops,  he  had  raised  their 
standard  of  drill  and  discipline  above  that  of  the  others. 
His  division  was  given  the  advance  in  the  movement  on 
Bowling  Green,  and  by  forced  marching  he  reached  the 
town  as  the  last  rebel  was  leaving.  Quite  a lot  of  commis- 
sary stores  were  captured,  also  a number  of  locomotives  and 
one  gun.  The  quickness  of  his  movements  caused  the 
enemy  to  destroy  stores  of  an  estimated  value  of  $500,000. 
The  commanding  general  was  lavish  in  his  compliments, 
and  the  division  general  proudly  addressed  his  troops  in  a 
grand  outburst  of  patriotism.  On  the  22d  of  February, 
1862,  he  set  out  for  Xashville,  and  on  the  evening  of  the 
following  day  had  taken  possession  of  the  city.  His  success 
intensified  the  jealousy  of  some  few  officers,  and  he  was 
subjected  to  annoyances  of  a petty  nature.  He  was  soon, 
however,  to  rise  above  it  all.  He  was  left  to  act  somewhat 
independently  with  his  command,  with  orders  to  gain  a 
foothold  on  the  Memphis  & Charleston  Railroad.  It  was 
then  that  he  conceived  the  brilliant  idea  of  making  a dash 
into  northern  Alabama.  His  advance  was  a succession  of 
surprises  to  the  rebels.  This  was  the  memorable  railroad 
raid  which  has  made  his  name  so  famous.  The  country 
applauded  the  dash  of  his  movements.  With  a command 
of  fifteen  thousand,  he  had  planted  himself  in  the  heart  of 
rebeldom.  He  fought  no  great  battles,  but  startled  the  foe 
into  flight  by  the  suddenness  of  his  movements,  coming 
upon  them  in  menacing  force  when  least  expected.  P'or 
his  gre.at  success  in  this  memorable  campaign  he  was  made 
a M.ajor-General  of  Volunteers,  but  w,as  soon  after  recalled 
to  Washington,  not  being  aide  to  agree  with  Buell.  Faith 
in  him  there  was  unshaken,  except  that  the  new  General- 
in-Chief,  Halleck,  looked  upon  his  mode  of  warfare  with 
disfavor.  Meantime  his  enemies  had  set  afloat  a swarm  of 
slanders,  and  charges  were  forwarded  to  Washington,  but 
they  were  never  noticed.  To  his  credit  be  it  said.  General 
Buell  discountenanced  all  efforts  to  cast  a .stigma  upon  the 


40 


314 


EIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


name  of  his  late  subordinate,  and  tried  to  discover  the  au- 
thorsliip  of  the  slanders.  lie  was  out  of  command  for  some 
months,  and  devoted  himself  to  looking  after  the  Cincinnati 
and  Dudley  Observatories,  which  were  still  under  his  direc- 
torship. On  the  1 2th  of  September,  1862,  he  was  assigned 
to  a new  department.  He  was  given  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  South  Carolina,  and  he  went  to  work  in  his 
new  field  with  all  the  vigor  that  had  characterized  him  in 
the  past.  His  coming  inspired  the  troops,  and  his  prelimi- 
nary movements  were  attended  with  success.  He  was  ever 
on  the  offensive,  feeling  the  enemy’s  strength  by  sudden 
raids  into  his  territory.  But  in  a little  over  a month  after 
his  arrival  he  was  stricken  down  with  yellow  fever.  He 
lingered  four  days,  and  died,  October  30th,  1862.  His  death 
was  the  greatest  loss  the  government  had  so  far  sustained 
in  individual  military  ability.  Without  ever  having  taken 
active  part  in  any  of  the  great  battles,  he  was  one  of  the 
most  successful  generals  of  the  war. 


I 


07' 


.^iP'A'TLE,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  HAINES,  was 
' ‘ born  in  Cincinnati,  November  2d,  1826.  He 
came  of  a militaiy  family,  his  great-grandfather 
having  held  a commission  in  the  French  war  of 
1779,  and  his  grandfather.  General  William 
l.ytle,  having  served  with  bravery  and  ability  in 
the  Indian  wars  of  his  time.  His  father.  General  Robert 
Lytle,  a prominent  and  influential  politician  in  Ohio,  at 
one  time  represented  the  Cincinnati  district  in  Congress, 
and  held  the  office  of  Surveyor-General  tinder  President 
Jackson.  The  son,  W’illiam  PL,  was  graduated,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  at  the  old  Cincinnati  College,  and  although,  in 
keeping  with  the  military  spirit  of  his  family,  he  would 
have  preferred  to  go  to  West  Point,  he  was  induced  to 
select  the  law  as  a profession.  When  war  with  Mexico 
was  declared,  he  immediately  entered  the  service,  and  was 
elected  a Captain  in  the  2d  Ohio  Infantry.  After  the  close 
of  this  conflict,  in  which  he  had  gained  distinction,  he  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  the  law,  and  was  shortly  after  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature.  In  1S57  he  was  commissioned 
Major-General  of  the  Southern  District  of  the  Ohio  Militia, 
a position  previously  held  by  his  father  and  grandfather. 
With  the  opening  of  the  rebellion  he  was  among  the  first 
to  offer  his  services,  and  with  great  promptness  and  efficiency 
organized  Camp  Harrison,  the  first  properly  organized  drill- 
ground  in  the  West.  Having  accepted  the  Colonelcy  of 
the  loth  Ohio  Infantry,  he  left  the  above  camp,  June  24th, 
1861,  and  joined  the  army  under  Rosecrans  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. During  this  campaign,  with  his  regiment  he  sur- 
prised the  rebel  advance  at  Carnifex  Ferry,  drove  them 
from  their  position,  and,  though  he  suddenly  came  upon  a 
well-intrenched  and  much  larger  force  than  his  own,  he 
made  a fierce  charge,  and  would  have  carried  the  works, 
had  he  not  been  unsaddled  by  a shot  that  wounded  him  and 


killed  his  horse,  the  latter  galloping  within  the  enemy’s  lines, 
where  he  fell  dead.  Before  he  had  recovered  from  his 
wound  he’was  placed  in  charge  of  a camp  of  instruction  at 
Bardstown,  Kentucky.  Remaining  here  three  months,  he 
then  joined  General  O.  M.  Mitchel,  and  commanded  the 
17th  Brigade  in  his  remarkable  campaign  in  northern  Ala- 
bama. At  the  battle  of  Perrysville  he  was  again  wounded, 
and  fell  so  close  to  their  lines  that  he  was  captured  and 
carried  off  in  their  retreat  of  the  next  day.  He  was  kindly 
cared  for,  and  upon  reaching  Harrodsburg  was  paroled. 
Being  promoted  for  his  gallantry,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  1st  Brigade,  Sheridan’s  Division,  Army  of 
the  Cumberland.  This  brigade  had  been  formerly  com- 
manded by  General  Sill,  who  fell  at  Murfreesboro’.  Being 
urged  about  this  time  to  become  a candidate  for  Governor 
of  Ohio,  he  declined,  having  entered  the  army  from  a sense 
of  duty,  and  desiring  to  remain  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
The  loth  Ohio,  his  old  regiment,  ever  held  him  in  loving 
regard,  and  a few  weeks  before  the  battle  in  which  he  met 
his  death  they  presented  him  with  a Maltese  cross  of  gold, 
studded  with  precious  stones.  The  presentation  was  made 
in  a pleasant  spot,  where  he  was  surrounded  by  his  present 
and  old  command,  and  a large  number  of  ladies  and  officers 
of  rank.  He  accepted  the  tribute  in  a graceful  speech  of 
thanks.  On  the  2d  of  September,  1863,  he  was  ordered  to 
break  camp  and  begin  the  march  which  led  to  the  fatal  field 
of  Chickamauga.  After  three  weeks  of  incessant  marching, 
his  command  reached  Lee  and  Gordon’s  Mills.  Before  his 
troops  had  time  to  rest,  he  was  ordered  to  move  on  the 
double-quick  to  the  relief  of  General  Thomas,  on  the  left 
of  the  line  of  battle.  But  before  this  could  he  accomplished, 
he  was  furiously  attacked  by  the  enemy,  and  subjected  to  a 
murderous  fire  which  compelled  him  to  place  his  command 
in  the  order  of  battle.  The  brave  General  prepared  for  the 
worst,  and  although  wounded  already,  charged  the  enemy 
and  fell,  pierced  by  three  bullets,  at  the  head  of  his  brigade. 
One  of  his  aides  caught  him  in  his  arms ; and  two  orderlies 
were  killed,  and  an  officer  wounded,  while  try  ing  to  remove 
the  dying  soldier.  Mutely  appealing  to  those  about  him  to 
fall  back  and  save  themselves,  he  placed  his  sword  in  the 
hands  of  an  orderly  and  waved  him  to  the  rear,  thus  ex- 
pressing a last  wish  that  it  should  not  he  captured  by  the 
foe.  Lying  in  a little  knoll,  at  the  foot  of  a tree,  in  the 
midst  of  carnage,  death  came  to  one  of  the  bravest  and 
most  daring  generals  of  the  late  war.  As  he  had  written 
years  before : 

*‘On  some  lone  spot,  where,  far  from  home  and  friends. 

The  way-worn  pilgrim  on  the  turf  reclining, 

His  life,  and  much  of  grief,  together  ends." 

Though  his  body  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  it  was 
treated  with  the  respect  due  his  rank,  and  temporarily  buried 
near  Crawfish  Springs.  Friend  and  foe  alike  mourned  his 
loss,  for  he  was  well  known  and  kindly  regarded  by  large 
numbers  of  rebels.  When  the  remains  were  removed  to  his 
home,  high  honors  were  paid  them  along  the  entire  route. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 


They  were  met  at  Chattanooga  by  his  old  command,  who 
keenly  felt  his  loss,  and  whose  ceremonies  were  very  im- 
posing. At  Cincinnati  the  body  lay  in  slate  for  a day,  and 
was  visited  by  large  crowds  of  sympathizing  citizens,  anx- 
ious to  view  the  features  of  the  dead  hero.  Houses  were 
dr.aped  in  mourning,  bells  tolled,  and  flags  were  at  half- 
mast.  The  burial  took  place  at  Spring  Grove  Cemetery, 
where  the  remains  were  placed  among  those  of  his  kindred, 
and  in  ground  honored  by  the  reception  of  many  of  the 
illustrious  dead  from  other  battle-fields.  Before  the  out- 
break of  the  war,  poetry  was  to  him  a pleasant  occupation 
and  a source  of  much  delight.  The  poem,  “Antony  and 
Cleopatra,”  beginning  with  “ I am  dying,  Egypt,  dying,” 
was  from  his  pen.  There  was  much  of  the  poet,  at  least 
the  ideal  poet,  in  his  appearance.  A well-proportioned 
head  covered  with  long,  silken  brown  hair,  a complexion 
so  fair  as  to  be  almost  effeminate,  a flowing  beard,  a high 
intellectual  brow,  lit  up  with  expressive  eyes,  finely  cuived 
nostrils,  and  the  whole  effect  toned  down  by  an  unaffected 
modesty — he  was  a man  to  be  distinguished  among  men. 


■cCOOK,  GENERAL  DANIEL,  was  born  in 
Carrollton,  Carroll  county,  Ohio,  July  22d,  1834. 
He  was  a younger  brother  of  General  Robert  L. 
McCook,  murdered  by  guerillas.  He  loved  books, 
especially  poetical  works.  Among  his  chief  attri- 
butes was  a warm  affection  for  his  mother.  Un- 
like his  brother  Robert,  he  was  delicate  and  nervous  from 
childhood.  He  was  graduated  from,  a college  in  Florence, 
Alabama,  in  1857.  Studying  law  for  a year,  he  was  admitted 
to  practice,  and  settled  in  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  becom- 
ing a member  of  the  firm  of  Ewings,  Sherman  & McCook 
— the  two  former,  sons  of  Hon.  Thomas  Ewing,  and  the 
third  a name  that  was  to  become  celebrated  in  the  military 
annals  of  the  war.  Here  he  was  married  in  December, 
i860,  to  Julia  Tibbs,  of  Platte  county,  Missouri.  At  the 
time  of  the  firing  on  Sumter  he  was  Captain  of  a militia 
company,  the  Shields  Grays.  With  them  he  entered  the 
service.  “A  general’s  star  ora  soldier’s  grave,”  said  he; 
and  he  was  de.stined  for  both.  In  November,  1861,  he  was 
appointed  Adjutant-General  on  the  staff  of  his  brother  Alex- 
ander. In  this  capacity  he  served  for  nearly  a year,  taking 
part  in  the  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  and  in  the  campaign 
against  Ch.attanooga.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  was  re- 
quested to  undertake  the  recruiting  of  an  Ohio  regiment  by 
Governor  Tod — the  52d.  He  accomplished  this  task  in 
time  to  answer  the  call  for  troops  to  repel  the  invasion  of 
Kirby  Smith.  He  was  afterwards  made  commander  of  a 
brigade,  and  was  engaged  with  it  in  the  campaign  from 
Perryville  to  Kenesaw  Mountain,  in  the  storming  of  which 
he  met  his  death.  “If  Harker  and  Daniel  McCook  had 
lived,”  said  Sherman,  “ I believe  I should  have  carried  the 
position.”  While  the  dew  of  death  was  settling  upon  him. 


3'S 

a despatch  came  from  the  War  Department  announcing  his 
promotion  to  a Brigadier-Generalship  of  Volunteers.  The 
promotion  was  dearly  earned,  and  his  loss  was  deeply  felt 
in  the  important  stage  of  the  conflict  in  which  he  fell. 
George  D.  Prentice  was  a warm  friend  of  the  gallant  sol- 
dier, and  his  esteem  met  with  a hearty  reciprocation.  In  a 
graceful  tribute  to  his  memory,  and  in  the  face  of  a painful 
and  peculiar  circumstance,  this  paragraph  occurs  : 

In  one  of  the  battles  or  skirmishes  south  of  Murfrees- 
boro’ Daniel  McCook  shot  my  son.  Colonel  Clarence  J. 
Prentice,  inflicting  a very  severe  and  even  dangerous  wound. 
, A short  time  afterward,  and  while  my  son  was  still  confined 
1 to  his  bed,  I met  my  friend  Dan  at  a hotel  in  Nashville. 
He  knew  that  I knew  it  was  he  who  had  wounded  my  son. 
He  advanced  to  me,  but  not  with  his  accustomed  alacrity, 
apprehensive,  as  he  afterward  told  me,  that  I might  not  wish 
to  .speak  to  him.  But  when  I heartily  grasped  his  hand 
he  gave  utterance  to  all  the  joyousness  of  his  nature.  He 
told  me  that  he  had  always  liked  me  and  admired  me,  and 
that  he  should  thenceforth  like  and  admire  me  more  than 
ever.  And  he  was  kind  enough  to  say,  I am  sure  in  all 
sincerity,  that  if  4ie  had  recognized  my  son  in  the  fight,  he 
should  have  fired  bis  pistol  in  some  other  direction.  My 
impression  of  Daniel  McCook  is,  that  he  was  one  of  the 
noblest,  bravest,  and  most  generous  spirits  that  I ever  knew. 
I know  not  where  he  sleeps,  but  I should  love  to  lay  a 
flower  upon  his  grave. 

He  was  buried  with  the  honors  due  a soldier,  in  Spring 
Grove  Cemetery,  near  Cincinnati,  beside  his  father  and  two 
brothers,  who  had  already  met  death  at  the  hands  of  the 
enemies  of  their  country.  The  first  member  of  this  noted 
family  who  fell  in  battle  was  Charles  Morris  McCook,  a 
private  in  the  2d  Ohio  Volunteers.  He  was  killed  in  the 
first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21st,  1861. 


jjiSHOP,  LEONARD  W.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
Cheviot  Green  township,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
July  25th,  1823,  and  was  the  seventh  child  in  a 
family  of  ten  children,  whose  parents  were  Preston 
Bishop  and  Anna  (Whittaker)  Bishop.  His  father, 
a native  of  Cumberland  county.  New  Jersey,  fol- 
lowed through  life,  before  coming  to  the  W’est,  the  vocation 
of  sea-captain;  he  moved  to  Ohio  in  1820,  or  thereabout, 
and  settled  primarily  at  Cheviot,  in  a short  time  after  moved 
to  Cincinnati,  from  whence,  about  the  year  1830,  he  removed 
to  Goshen,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1859,  the  date  of  his  demise. 
His  mother,  also  a native  of  Cumberland  county.  New  Jer- 
sey, died  in  1859.  His  ancestors  were  active  and  promi- 
nent participants  in  the  revolutionary  war.  Until  he  had 
attained  his  nineteenth  year,  his  days  were  passed  mainly 
in  hard  labor  on  the  paternal  farm  ; while  his  education, 
limited  in  both  degree  and  kind,  was  acquired  in  an  irregu- 
lar attendance  during  winter  months  at  an  ordinary  country 
school.  In  1843  he  became  a student  in  a select  school, 
under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  L.  G.  Gaines,  with  whom  he 


3i6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN'CYCLOP/EDIA. 


continued  his  studies  for  about  two  years.  He  then  at- 
tended Miami  University,  and  for  four  years  was  engaged 
alternately  in  studying  and  in  teaching.  During  his  ex- 
perience as  an  educator  he  devoted  a portion  of  his  time 
also  to  the  reading  of  medicine.  In  the  winter  of  1S47-48 
he  attended  a course  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  in  the  spring  of  the  latter  year  settled  in  Mount 
Carmel,  Clennout  county,  Ohio,  where  he  practised  during 
the  succeeding  twenty  months.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
cholera  scourge  in  Anderson  township,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  in  fuly,  1849,  he  left  Mount  Carmel  and  located  his 
office  at  Mount  Washington,  where  he  was  constantly  oc- 
cupied for  four  years  in  successful  professional  labors.  He 
then  attended  a second  course  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medi- 
cal College,  and  in  1852  graduated  with  honor  from  that 
institution.  Subsequently,  until  1867,  he  practised  medi- 
cine in  Mount  Washington,  and  in  this  year  returned  to 
Mount  Carmel,  where  he  remained  until  1S72.  He  then 
removed  to  Batavia,  where  he  has  since  permanently  re- 
sided, engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  Politically,  he 
is  a liberal  yet  conservative  voter,  and  has  been  twice  a 
candidate  for  the  Legislature  in  Hamilton  county.  During 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  a member  of  Dr.  Comegy’s 
medical  staff,  and  administered  efficiently  to  the  needs  of 
the  sick  and  wounded  after  the  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Land- 
ing. He  was  also,  in  1873,  Examining  Surgeon  for  the 
government,  in  Batavia,  Oliio.  Religiously,  he  is  a Pres- 
byterian, and  for  many  years  has  been  an  elder  in  his 
church.  Through  life  he  has  been  remarkable  for  integrity 
of  character,  and  untiring  energy  and  industry  in  tlie  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  was  married  in  1851  to  Orrosina 
Hawkins,  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  who  died  in  August, 
1854;  and  again,  August  31st,  1S65,  to  Louisa  Williams, 
of  Clermont  county,  Ohio. 


MEI.BAKER,  HON.  DAVID  T.,  late  Mayor 
of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August 
29th,  1804.  His  family  were  among  the  oldest 
settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  his  grandfather  having 
been  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1721,  and  his 
father,  Philip  Snelbaker,  in  the  same  city  in 
176^,  and  resided  there  until  his  death,  in  1807.  The  edu- 
cational advantages  of  our  subject  were  extremely  limited, 
but  by  dint  of  close  application  and  extensive  reading  he 
became  a man  of  liberal  culture  and  possessed  of  a large 
fund  of  practical  knowledge.  He  learned  the  cooper’s 
trade  in  his  native  city,  and  was  there  married  in  1827  to 
Elizabeth  Duey.  In  1833  he  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  formed  a copartnership  with  Alexander  Dalzell, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Snelbaker  & Dalzell,  and  engaged 
in  the  coopering  business.  This  firm  continued  in  success- 
ful operation,  being  at  that  time  the  largest  establishment 
of  its  kind  in  the  city,  until  1846,  when  it  was  dissolved  by 


mutual  consent.  He  had  been  a member  of  the  City 
Council  before  his  retirement  from  business,  and  was  sub- 
sequently elected  Magistrate,  which  position  he  held  until 
elected  Mayor  for  two  years,  in  1853.  During  his  term 
occurred  the  memorable  “ Bedini  riot,”  which  developed 
the  iron  nerve  and  firm  executive  ability  which  he  possessed 
in  its  suppression.  The  “ Know  Nothing  movement”  was 
also  inaugurated  during  his  occupancy  of  the  office,  but 
during  these  times  of  turmoil  and  political  excitement  he 
presided  over  the  destinies  of  the  Queen  City  with  rare 
dignity  and  executive  ability.  After  the  expiration  of  his 
official  term  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  which 
he  continued  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died,  April 
19th,  1867,  mourned  by  a large  circle  of  relatives  and 
friends.  His  first  wife  having  died  in  1837,  he  was  mar- 
ried in  1839  to  hlary  Hooper,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


^ NELBAKER,  THOMAS  EDWARD,  Superin- 
tendent of  Police  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  that 
city,  September  26th,  1844.  Ills 

Hon.  David  T.  Snelbaker,  whose  sketch  pre- 
cedes. He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  city,  including  the  Hughes  and  Woodward 
High  .Schools.  Though  only  in  his  seventeenth  year  he  left 
school  in  June,  1861,  to  enter  the  army,  and  served  with  the 
Army  of  V’irginia  for  two  years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time 
he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  appointed  Cashier 
in  the  Internal  Revenue  Office  of  the  First  District  of  Ohio, 
in  1863.  He  held  this  position  until  1867,  having  during  that 
period  received  and  accounted  for  some  ^20,000,000.  He 
was  then  appointed  Chief  Deputy  for  the  Third  District  of 
Ohio,  where  he  served  until  1869,  when  he  resigned  and 
went  South.  He  returned  to  Cincinnati  in  1870,  and  was 
appointed  Assistant  City  Clerk,  which  position  he  held  until 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  City  Auditor,  in  April,  1872. 
In  June,  1873,  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  W’ater 
Works  Board,  and  continued  to  hold  that  office  until  Feb- 
ruary 26th,  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  Superintendent 
of  Police,  which  position  he  still  holds.  He  was  married 
in  November,  1867,  to  Elizabeth  C.  Rook,  of  Cincinnati. 
Such  is  the  record  of  a man  whose  efficient  discharge  of  his 
duty  as  an  official  has  won  for  him  the  approbation  of  his 
associates  and  given  him  a continuous  career  of  public  trust. 


EIS,  JULIUS,  Merchant  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  at 
Billigheim,  on  the  Nacker,  Dukedom  of  Baden, 
Germany,  January  6th,  1841.  He  is  a son  of 
Manassas  Reis  and  Sarah  (Westheimer)  Reis, 
and  was  educated  in  the  High  School  (Real 
Schule)  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Germany.  Upon  relin- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 


3«7 


quishing  school  life  he  entered  a large  grocery  house  in 
Frankfort,  and  remained  there  until  1857.  He  then  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States,  and  took  charge  of  the  books 
for  the  firm  of  S.  Rothschild  & Brother,  at  Columbus,  C)hio. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  engagement  with  that  house  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  where,  in  1861,  he  formed  a co- 
partnership with  his  brother,  Samuel  Reis,  and  engaged  in 
the  grocery  business.  In  1865  another  brother,  Abraham 
Reis,  was  admitted  into  the  firm  of  Reis  Brothers  & Co., 
which  is  now  conducting,  on  a very  extensive  scale,  the 
business  of  importing  the  products  of  foreign  countries, 
while  the  value  and  importance  of  its  trade  is  probably  not 
excelled  in  the  country.  He  neither  sought  nor  held  any 
public  office  until  1874,  when  he  was  elected  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  of  Cincinnati.  In  1873  he  was 
chosen  to  fill  the  Presidential  chair  of  this  body,  and  since 
his  election  to  that  office  has  presided  over  its  deliberations 
with  dignity  and  acceptability.  He  was  married  in  1868 
to  Julia  Seasongood,  daughter  of  Jacob  Seasongood,  a lead- 
ing and  influential  merchant  and  capitalist  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

WANEY,  REV.  JOSEPH  ASBURY,  D.  D.,  Pas- 
tor and  Missionary,-  was  born  near  Freeport, 
Harrison  county,  Ohio,  March  1st,  1824.  He 
spent  about  two  years  in  the  common  schools  of 
Freeport  and  Barnesville  and  in  Ur.  Belknap’s 
Academy,  in  the  former  place.  In  twenty-six 
days,  while  attending  the  academy,  he  learned  the  Latin 
grammar,  and  read  “ Historiae  Sacrte  ” and  a part  of  “ Viri 
Romse.”  Surveying,  in  its  various  branches,  he  studied 
without  a master;  and  studied  bookkeeping  at  the  Iron  City 
Commercial  College,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
received  a diploma.  He  learned  to  read  Greek  without  the 
aid  of  a teacher,  and  also  to  read,  write  and  speak  Spanish; 
while  at  all  times  he  read  with  avidity  and  care  all  useful 
or  entertaining  works  which  came  within  his  reach.  “ It 
was  his  habit  to  seize  moments  between  working  hours  for 
reading,  and  he  read  many  a page  while  working,  w.alking 
or  eating.”  For  a time  he  was  employed  in  a woollen 
factory  in  Barnesville,  Ohio,  hut  apparently  did  not  find 
there  an  occupation  harmonizing  with  his  tastes  and  predi- 
lections. His  maiden  speech  before  the  public  was  de- 
livered in  Barnesville,  during  a debate  on  intemperance 
and  slaveiy;  the  following  curt  description  gives  it  with 
sufficient  vividness : “He  stood  erect;  bowed,  looked  at 
the  floor,  looked  at  the  judges,  and  finally  exclaimed,  ‘ It 
won’t  come  out!’”  P'ehruary  17th,  1842,  he  united  with 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  the  following  July 
was  appointed  class-leader  in  Freeport.  April  loth,  1843, 
he  preached  his  initial  sermon  in  the  same  place.  In  1846 
he  was  received  into  the  Pittsburgh  Conference,  and  since 
that  date  has  filled  the  following  appointments  : Browns- 
ville, Ohio;  Newport,  Ohio ; Summerfield,  Ohio  ; Woods- 


field,  Washington  and  Cambridge,  Ohio;  Sonora  and 
Mormon  island,  California;  Ninth  Ward  Mission  (now 
Trinity),  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania;  Hamline  Chapel,  Steu- 
benville, Ohio;  Canton,  Ohio;  Beaver  Street,  in  Allegheny 
City,  Pennsylvania;  Callao,  Peru,  South  America;  Free- 
dom, Pennsylvania;  Salem,  Ohio;  Beaver  Street,  Allegheny 
City,  Pennsylvania  (a  second  time)  ; District  Secretaryship 
of  the  Western  Seamen's  Friend  Society;  Corresponding 
Secretaryship  of  the  same ; Talcahuano,  Chili,  South 
America  (as  missionary  for  the  Union  Missionary  Society 
of  Valparaiso);  and  Barnesville,  Ohio.  He  was  also  ap- 
pointed missionary  to  Mexico,  in  January,  1874,  but  was 
prevented  from  going  to  this  field  of  labor  by  circumstances 
beyond  his  control.  His  degree  of  D.  D.  he  received  in 
1870  from  the  New  Market  College,  Scio,  Ohio.  He  has 
travelled  over  seventy  thousand  miles  in  different  journeys, 
by  land  and  sea,  while  his  longest  single  trip  was  IVom 
Talcahnano  to  New  York,  doubling  Cape  Horn.  “ In 
Chili  there  are  no  laws  forbidding  a Protestant  minister  to 
perform  the  marriage  ceremony ; for  the  laws  assume  that 
he  cannot  marry.  Nevertheless,  for  marrying  a dying  man, 
to  satisfy  his  conscience,  he  was  prosecuted  by  the  Bishop 
of  Concepcion,  and,  being  committed  to  prison,  was  saved 
from  a probable  irksome  confinement  only  through  the 
timely  action  of  the  Prussian  consul,  who  gave  bonds  in 
his  behalf.  He  could  not  be  found  guilty;  but  the  costs 
of  proceedings,  by  the  aid  of  a trick  whose  exposure  and 
defeat  would  have  I'equired  the  possession  of  more  power 
and  money  than  was  within  his  control,  were  saddled  upon 
him;  those  costs,  amounting  to  five  hundred  dollars,  were 
eventually  paid  by  a circle  of  sympathizing  friends.”  He 
remained  in  Chili  for  a period  of  five  years,  from  1868  to 
1873.  He  has  never  disappointed  a congregation;  never 
begun  a service  as  much  as  five  minutes  beyond  the  time 
set;  on  one  occasion,  having,  through  being  on  time,  a con- 
gregation consisting  of  but  one  man,  he  changed  the  text 
and  preached  partly  from  “ Thou  art  the  man.”  He  has 
adopted  three  rules  for  mental  culture,  viz. : “ Never  write 
a word  without  examining  its  orthography,  unless  you 
know  how  to  spell  it.  Never  pass  a word  in  reading  with- 
out examining  its  pronunciation,  unless  you  know  how  to 
pronounce  it.  As  a discipline  for  public  speaking,  strive, 
in  every  conversation,  to  choose  the  fittest  words,  and  to 
cultivate  correctness,  naturalness  and  force,  guarding 
against  imperfections  in  what  may  be  called  manner.” 
The  following  analysis  and  generalization  of  his  character 
is  taken  from  the  writings  of  one  who  knows  him  well,  L. 
A.  Fowler:  He  is  favorably  known  for  vigor  of  thought, 
clearness  of  mind,  strength  of  will,  independence  of  spirit, 
and  desire  to  carry  through  his  purposes  in  a masterly  style. 
At  the  same  time  he  is  slightly  deficient  in  restraining 
power,  lacking  the  tact  of  softening  the  occasional  asperity 
of  reproof  and  condemnation.  Hyiiocrisy  he  has  ever  held 
in  utter  horror.  Armed  with  a large  share  of  self-reliance, 
he  is  always  disposed  to  maintain  his  own  position  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  Ex\CVCLOP.B;DIA. 


31S 

individuality,  and  seldom  abandons  purposes  once  fully 
formed.  He  is  very  conscientious,  and  rather  severe  in  his 
judgments  upon  wrong-doers  and  unriglueous  actions;  and 
is  skeptical  in  the  consideration  of  new  theorems ; slow  to 
adopt  new  measures,  or  to  take  anything  for  granted.  His 
intellectual  faculties  exhibit  a full  degree  of  power,  with  a 
predominance  of  the  qualities  that  lead  to  analysis  and 
observation.  He  is  definite,  direct  and  quite  clear  in  the 
exercise  of  his  mind  on  subjects  admitting  of  comparison 
of  qualities  and  conditions,  and  is  quick  to  note  the  rela- 
tions of  one  subject  to  another.  His  favorite  studies  are 
geography,  theology  and  astronomy,  while  he  is  also  keenly 
interested  m the  study  of  human  character  and  types.  As  a 
lecturer  he  is  w'idely  and  favorably  known,  his  “ Three 
Yearii  in  Peru”  being  specially  noteworthy.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1849  to  Sarah  A.  Archbold,  by  wdiom  he  has  had 
four  children,  one  son  and  three  daughters;  the  former 
died  at  school  in  Valparaiso,  while  preparing  for  the  min- 
istry ; his  oldest  daughter,  Mary  F.  Swaney,  is  now’  teach- 
ing in  the  Mount  Vernon  Seminary,  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia. 

GOT,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  retired  Lumber  Mer- 
chant, w'as  born,  June  nth,  1S03,  in  Sheffield, 
Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  and  is  a son 
of  the  late  Henry  Root,  of  Sheffield  tow'iiship, 
(3  Lorain  county,  Ohio.  He  is  of  English  descent 

on  his  father’s  side,  his  ancestors  having  emi- 
grated from  Great  Chant  parish,  in  the  county  of  Kent, 
England,  in  1634,  and  settled  in  Salem,  Massachusetts. 
Colonel  Aaron  Root,  his  grandfather,  w.as  born,  March 
2lst,  1750,  in  Westfield,  Massachusetts;  he  subsequently 
removed  to  Sheffield,  where  Henry,  father  of  William 
Henry  Root,  was  born.  Henry  Root  married  a Miss  Day, 
who  was,  according  to  the  family  genealogy,  of  Welsh 
origin,  and  who  trace  their  lineage  back  for  a number  of 
centuries.  It  is  a noteworthy  fact  that  within  the  first 
thirty  years  after  the  settlement  of  New  England  over 
eighty  persons  bearing  the  name  of  Day  are  upon  record. 
William  Henry  Root  attended  school  in  Sheffield,  Massa- 
cliusetts,  until  he  was  twelve  years  old,  at  which  time  he 
accompanied  his  father  to  the  West,  wdiere  they  settled  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Sheffield  township,  Lorain  county, 
Ohio,  but  then  belonging  to  Dover.  The  family  w'as  the 
first  to  settle  in  the  township,  and  consequently  was  obliged 
to  undergo  the  hardships  incident  to  a pioneer  life.  The 
nearest  neighbor  was  at  nine  miles’  distance,  and  the  neces- 
saries of  life  were  only  to  be  obtained  at  a very  high  figure. 
For  the  first  year  after  their  settlement  both  flour  and  salt 
ruled  at  sixteen  dollars  per  barrel.  Less  than  fifty  years 
ago,  that  is  in  1827,  in  the  centre  of  the  present  town  of 
Amherst  stood  a solitary  log  cabin,  wherein  William  Henrv 
Root  taught  school.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business,  in  which  he  continued,  until  within  a few 


years,  at  Black  River,  Ohio,  being  a member  of  the  well- 
known  firm  of  Day,  Root  & Jones.  He  resides  at  present 
on  a farm  at  Sheffield  Lake,  in  Lorain  county.  In  pol- 
itics, he  adhered  to  the  Whig  party  until  its  dissolution,  and 
thereafter  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  Republicans.  He  was 
elected  Auditor  of  Lorain  County  in  1854,  and  held  that 
office  until  1861.  He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  to  whom  he  was  united  in  1828,  was  Sarah  Eliza 
Case,  of  Erie  county,  Ohio.  She  died  in  1833,  leaving 
three  daughters.  In  1834  he  married  F'anny  Day,  of  Shef- 
field, Oliio,  who  is  the  mother  of  three  sons.  Notwith- 
standing he  has  passed  tlie  limit  of  three-score  years  and 
ten  he  is  vigorous  and  abounding  in  health,  of  an  eminently 
happy  disposition,  affable  in  his  manners  and  a genial, 
sociable  companion. 

LEMM,  THEODORE,  Mercliant,  was  born  in 
Heilbronn,  Kingdom  of  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
in  1S39,  ami  received  his  early  education  in 
Stuttgard.  He  subsequently  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica, and  landed  at  New  York,  November  27th, 
1853.  He  then  found  employment  as  a clerk  in 
a private  banking  house  in  Wall  street — firm  of  Adolph 
Klemm  & Co. — where  he  remained  until  the  failure  of  the 
house,  an  event  which  occurred  during  the  course  of  the 
ensuing  year.  Matthew  Johnson,  Cashier  of  the  Com- 
mercial Bank,  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  then  requested'  him  to  take 
a position  in  his  bank  as  clerk,  considerable  business  being 
then  done  with  the  resident  German  population,  wdiich 
necessitated  the  use  of  an  assistant  as  interpreter.  After  the 
downfall  of  the  Commercial  Bank  he  accepted  the  position 
of  bookkeeper  in  the  then  new  City  Bank,  George  Hertzler, 
Cashier.  At  the  expiration  of  one  year,  however,  he  was 
offered  a good  situation  as  bookkeeper  with  the  firm  of 
Daniel  Elston  & Co.,  bankers,  of  Chicago,  Illinois,  with 
whose  offers  he  closed,  and  under  whom  he  remained  until 
1857,  the  period  of  the  panic  in  business  circles,  which 
caused  the  failure  of  the  house.  He  was  then  brought 
accidentally  into  contact  with  W.  J.  Tuilay,  of  Toledo, 
Ohio,  who  persuaded  him  to  return  to  that  city.  He  was 
afterward  employed  by  him  as  clerk  in  the  brewery,  then 
newly  started  under  the  name  of  Millard  & Co.  At  the 
expiration  of  the  original  articles  of  partnership  the  brewery 
was  carried  on  by  Tuilay  & Wilder,  he  still  managing  as 
principal  office-man.  Eventually  Wilder’s  interest  was 
purchased  by  Tuilay,  and  he,  as  a consequence,  became 
junior  jiartner,  with  the  firm-style  of  Tuilay  & Klemm. 
In  March,  1874,  he  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the  brewery 
and  ’engaged  in  the  wholesale  fruit  and  oyster  business, 
which  he  still  sustains  with  merited  prosperity.  He  is  a 
stockholder  also  in  the  First  National  Bank  and  in  the 
.Second  National  Bank,  of  Toledo,  and  owns  much  valu- 
able mining  stock.  He  was  elected  by  the  Common 
Council  as  Police  Commissioner,  and  has  once  been  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


319 


to  the  same  position  by  the  people,  who  recognize  in  him  a 
valuable  and  an  upright  citizen.  P'or  sixteen  years  he  has 
been  a member  of  the  Rubicon  Lodge,  of  Toledo,  Ohio. 
He  was  married,  September  26lh,  1866,  to  a daughter  of 
C.  jM.  Don,  ex-Mayor  of  Toledo. 


ARKALL,  BENJAMIN,  Merchant,  was  born, 
Januaiy  6th,  1801,  in  Calvert  county,  Maryland, 
and  is  of  Scotch  descent  on  his  father’s  side,  his 
paternal  ancestry  having  left  that  country  about 
two  centuries  ago  to  settle  in  America.  His 
maternal  grandfather  was  of  English  blood,  was 
n.amed  Bond,  had  studied  medicine  in  Philadelphia,  and 
had  just  gi-aduated  there  as  doctor  of  medicine  when  he 
was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  American  portion  of  the 
army  under  General  Braddock,  which  was  subsequently 
defeated  near  Pittsburgh.  After  the  retreat  he  returned  to 
Maryland  and  settled  in  Calvert  county,  where  many  of  his 
descendants  continue  to  reside.  Benjamin  was  educated 
at  Charlotte  Hall  College,  Maryland,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  1817,  and  originally  intended  to  study  medicine ; 
but  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  removed  to  Belmont 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  commenced  farming,  and  continued 
in  th.it  avocation  until  1828,  when  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  Barnesville,  and  so  continued  until  1852.  He 
was  elected  the  first  Recorder  of  the  incorporated  village 
of  Barnesville,  and,  with  a few  exceptions,  has  been  con- 
nected ever  since  with  the  municipal  government,  filling  at 
various  times  the  positions  of  Councilman,  Clerk  of  the 
Board,  Recorder  and  Mayor.  In  1839  he  was  elected  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and,  excepting  a brief  interval,  has 
served  in  that  capacity  ever  since,  and  at  present  holds  a 
Justice’s  commission  and  is  also  Clerk  of  the  town.  In 
1845  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  out  his 

term  in  that  body;  and  previous  to  his  election  had  served 
as  Postmaster  for  ten  years,  resigning  from  this  position 
when  elected  Senator.  He  was  reappointed  Postmaster  in 
1853,  and  resigned  in  1861.  In  1821  he  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant  of  a volunteer  company,  and  became  success- 
ively Captain,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  full  Colonel  and  Brigade 
Major.  He  has  always  acted  with  the  Democratic  party, 
polling  his  first  vote  for  General  Jackson,  in  1824.  He 
was  married  in  1823  to  Mary  Pearce  near  Wheeling, 
Virginia. 


2 ^ PADDING,  HON.  RUFUS  PAINE,  Jurist  and 

.Statesman,  was  born.  May  3d,  1798,  at  West 
Tisbury,  Massachusetts,  and  is  the  son  of  Dr.  1 
Rufus  Spalding,  who  was  an  able  practitioner  of  j 
medicine.  He  is  of  the  seventh  generation  of  | 
old  New  Plngland  stock,  his  lineal  ancestor,  [ 
Edward  Spalding,  being  a resident  of  Braintree,  Massa- 1 


chusetts,  in  1640.  When  fourteen  years  of  age  he  accom- 
panied his  father  from  Martha’s  Vineyard  to  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  where  the  family  settled.  In  1817  he  gradu- 
ated from  Yale  College.  He  then  entered  the  law  office 
of  Chief-Justice  .Swift,  of  Connecticut,  and  on  his  admission 
to  the  bar  was  higlily  complimented  by  his  learned  in- 
structor on  his  proficiency.  He  went  to  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas,  and  opened  an  office  with  Samuel  Dinsmore, 
afterwards  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1820.  In  one 
year  and  a half  he  removed  to  Trumbull  county,  Ohio, 
settling  at  Warren,  where  he  remained  sixteen  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Ravenna,  in  the  adjoining  county  of 
Portage.  He  was  at  once  recognized  as  a man  of  superior 
abilities,  and  was  elected  as  a Democrat  to  the  House  of 
Representatives,  in  the  State  Legislature,  by  a majority 
of  one.  During  his  term  Summit  was  admitted  as  a 
county,  and  he  removed  to  its  capital,  Akron.  In  1S41  he 
was  chosen  again  as  a Representative,  and  on  the  organi- 
zation of  the  House  was  made  the  Speaker.  It  was  pro- 
posed to  repudiate  the  State  debt;  he  took  strong  ground 
against  it,  insisting  that  it  would  be  both  suicidal  and  dis- 
graceful. John  Brough  aided  him,  and  the  scheme  was 
dropped.  In  1848  the  General  Assembly  elected  him  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  for  the  term  of 
seven  years.  When  four  years  remained  to  be  served  the 
new  constitution  was  in  force,  and  the  office  of  Judge  be- 
came elective  by  the  people.  He  refused  to  become  a can- 
didate. His  opinions  while  on  the  bench  are  contained  in 
volumes  xviii.,  xix.  and  xx.  “Ohio  Reports;’’  and  are  mod- 
els of  judicial  literature.  On  leaving  the  bench  he  removed 
to  Cleveland  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  also  took 
an  active  part  in  the  political  movements  of  the  day.  He 
had  been  trained  a Democrat,  but  when  the  Fugitive  Slave 
law  was  enacted,  in  1850,  he  abandoned  the  Democracy 
and  joined  the  Frce-Soil  party,  pledged  to  oppose  the  ex- 
tension of  slavery.  He  was  a prominent  delegate  at  the 
Free-.Soil  Convention,  in  1852,  which  nominated  John  P. 
Hale  for  the  Presidency.  When  the  Republican  party  was 
organized  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  councils,  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Republican  convention,  at  Pittsburgh, 
in  1856,  and  a delegate  at  large  for  the  .State  of  Ohio  at  the 
Philadelphia  Convention,  which  nominated  John  C.  Fre- 
mont. In  October,  1862,  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from 
the  Eighteenth  District  of  Ohio.  He  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Standing  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  and- on  the 
formation  of  a select  committee  on  the  bankrupt  law  he 
was  made  its  chairman.  In  1864  he  was  re-elected  to  his 
seat,  and  was  made  a member  of  the  Committee  on  Appro- 
priations, and  retained  his  position  as  a member  of  the 
Committee  on  Bankrujrtcy.  In  1S66  he  was  chosen  for  a 
third  term  in  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ap- 
propriations, the  Committee  on  the  Revision  of  the  Laws 
of  the  United  .States  and  upon  the  Joint  Committee  on  the 
Library  of  Congress.  With  this,  the  Fortieth  Congress,  his 


320 


BIOGRAPHICAL  Ei\*CYCLOP/EDIA. 


legislative  career  closerl,  the  duties  being  too  onerous  for 
his  advancing  years.  Several  months  before  the  time  of 
nomination,  therefore,  he  wrote  a letter  to  his  constituents, 
positively  declining  a nomination  and  announcing  his  pur- 
pose to  retire  from  public  life.  His  Congressional  record 
was  one  of  honor.  He  took  part  in  all  of  the  leading 
debates,  and  with  such  effect  that  he  received  and  held  the 
attention  of  the  House  whenever  he  olkained  the  floor,  and 
largely  influenced  its  action.  In  his  second  term  he  took  a 
leading  part  in  legislating  for  the  reconstruction  of  the 
Southern  States.  In  the  early  days  of  the  rebellion  he 
made  a speech  in  which  he  indicated  the  measures  he  re- 
garded as  best  adapted  for  the  purpose,  and  the  suggestions 
he  offered  were  subsequently  adopted  in  the  reconstruction 
laws.  The  military  features  originated  in  an  amendment 
proposed  by  him  when  the  first  reconstruction  bill  of  Thad- 
deus  Stevens  was  presented.  In  his  closing  term  he  was 
somewhat  independent  of  party  ties;  he  took  a promi- 
nent part  in  the  financial  debates,  and  his  .speeches  at- 
tracted attention  in  Congress  and  out.  He  also  worked 
faithfully  in  his  committee  rooms.  No  man  ever  suspected 
him  of  bribery  or  corruption.  He  was  faithful  to  the  in- 
terests of  his  district,  and  was  noted  for  the  patient  industry 
with  which  he  attended  to  every  wish  of  his  constituents, 
collectively  or  individually.  After  leaving  Congre.ss  he 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law.  As  a lawyer  he  was  as 
distinguished  as  he  was  as  a statesman.  His  personal  ap- 
pearance and  manner  added  to  the  effect  of  his  arguments, 
being  dignified  and  impressive.  In  October,  1822,  he  was 
married  to  Lucretia  A.  Swift,  eldest  daughter  of  Chief-Jus- 
tice Ze[)haniah  Swift,  of  Connecticut.  .Seven  children 
were  born  of  this  marriage,  of  whom  but  three  survive.  In 
January,  1859,  he  was  married  to  his  second  wife,  S.  N. 
I’ierson,  of  Windsor,  Connecticut. 


ONFIAM,  PERRV'  J.,  one  of  the  leading  Lawyers 
of  Cincinnati,  was  born  on  a farm  in  Clermont 
county,  Ohio,  May  25th,  1822.  His  family  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  worthy  pioneer  fam- 
ilies of  the  .State,  having  emigrated  from  Penn- 
sylvania and  settled  in  Clermont  county  as  early 
as  1800.  His  father.  Colonel  J.  S.  Donham,  was  an  officer 
in  the  army  during  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  present  at  the 
siege  of  Fort  Meigs.  He  became  one  of  the  first  farmers 
and  large.st  stock-raisers  of  Clermont  county.  A man  of 
fine  personal  and  social  habits,  few  men  of  his  day  stood  so 
high  in  the  estimation  of  the  community.  In  1S56  he  died, 
leaving  a fine  est.ate  and  a family  consisting  of  nine  chil- 
dren, four  sons  and  five  daughters,  and  their  aged  mother, 
who  was  Elizabeth  Ayres,  of  New  Jersey,  and  who  is 
still  living,  active  and  healthy,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-one.  The  subject  of  this  .sketch  worked  on  the 
farm  .and  went  to  school  until  the  age  of  seventeen,  when 


he  deliberately  ran  away  from  home  and  commenced  the 
world  on  his  own  account  as  a school  teacher.  Determined 
to  receive  no  assistance  from  home,  he  taught  until  he  had 
made  money  enough  to  pay  his  way  at  college.  Accord- 
ingly in  1841  he  entered  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania. 
After  leaving  college  he  returned  to  his  father’s  farm, 
where  he  remained  for  a year  or  two.  Having  for  a long 
time  chosen  the  law  for  a profession,  in  1846  he  went  to 
Georgetown  and  began  a course  of  legal  study  in  the  office 
of  General  Thomas  L.  Hamar,  where  he  remained  until 
that  distinguished  lawyer  and  soldier  entered  the  army,  in 
the  war  with  Mexico.  In  1848  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  at  once  turned  his  attention  to  teaching,  in  order  to 
make  money  to  buy  a law  library.  This  being  accom- 
plished, in  1849  he  went  to  New  Richmond  and  com- 
menced practice.  With  flattering  successes,  he  remained 
in  New  Richmond  until  1863,  when  he  went  to  Ports- 
mouth, where  he  practised  three  years  with  continued  good 
fortune.  But  still  looking  for  a wider  field,  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati  in  1867.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his 
entire  attention  to  the  duties  of  his  profession.  For  several 
years  he  has  been  especially  concerned  in  corporation  and 
admiralty  causes,  in  which  he  has  gained  a reputation  as 
one  of  the  first  men  at  the  Cincinnati  bar.  During  the 
memorable  Presidential  contest  of  i860  Mr.  Donham 
stumped  the  southern  part  of  the  State  for  Douglas,  and 
w.as  at  various  times  connected  with  the  movements  of  his 
party.  At  this  period  he  had  acquired  a reputation  as  a 
public  speaker  to  which  few  of  his  profession  attain,  and 
which  compelled  him  to  give  much  of  his  time  to  address- 
ing educational  and  other  assemblies.  When  the  rebellion 
broke  out  he  at  once  espoused  the  cause  of  the  government, 
and  made  many  war  speeches  and  in  every  possible  way 
advanced  the  interests  of  the  country.  Among  some  old 
war  records,  consulted  in  connection  with  this  .sketch,  is  a 
speech  made  by  Mr.  Donham  at  New  Richmond,  immedi- 
ately after  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter,  which  is  so  character- 
istic of  the  man  and  the  time  that  a few  passages  claim 
insertion  here.  On  being  introduced  he  said  : “ I am  not 
here  for  the  purpose  of  making  a speech.  This  is  not  the 
time  nor  the  occasion  for  speech-making.  The  public 
mind  is  already  overch.arged  with  excitement,  and  I do  not 
so  much  rise  to  speak  of  the  necessity  of  action  as  I do  to 
advise  calmness,  the  exercise  of  judgment  and  silent  deter- 
mination to  do  the  thing  most  calculated  to  promote  the 
interests  of  our  common  country.  ...  I have  no  desire 
to  advance  an  opinion  as  to  what  cause  led  to  this  humil- 
iating condition  of  the  country,  or  even  how  the  storm  of 
war  might  have  been  averted.  We  are  now  in  the  midst 
of  the  dread  calamity,  and  the  philanthropist  and  patriot 
turn  their  eyes  to  every  quarter  and  exclaim.  What  is  now 
to  be  done  for  the  salvation  of  the  country?  In  answering 
this  great  question  I see  but  one  course  to  be  pursued  : to 
stand  by  the  Union.  ‘ United  we  stand,  divided  we  fall.’ 
This  was  the  motto  of  great  statesmen,  adopted  in  moments 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


321 


of  calm  reflection,  and  let  us  all  now  stand  by  it,  when 
agitation  and  commotion,  like  a mighty  river,  are  sweeping 
over  our  land.  I .see  before  me  hundreds  who  have  hitherto 
belonged  to  different  political  organizations,  contending  for 
the  supremacy  of  their  favorite  policy,  but  in  this  dread 
moment  I see  but  one  party,  whose  hearts  are  throbbing  by 
one  impulse,  whose  arms  are  directed  to  but  one  end  ; and 
that  is  the  rescue  of  our  common  country.  To  that  end  let 
us  direct  our  energies,  and  upon  that  altar  let  our  sacrifices 
be  laid.  Let  this  once  more  be  the  prevalent  feeling, 
. . . and  the  tide  of  war  will  soon  be  stayed,  desolation  be 
at  an  end,  and  then,  and  not  till  then,  will  the  smiles  of 
prosperity  once  more  rest  on  the  heads  of  a happy  nation.” 
.Since  the  war  Mr.  Donham  has  had  no  party  connection, 
voting  for  men  of  both  political  organizations  as  he  deems 
them  most  worthy  of  his  support.  Although  closely  devoted 
to  his  legal  duties,  he  still  finds  leisure  for  literary  pursuits, 
and  few  men  of  his  profession  have  a more  extended  range 
of  general  knowledge.  He  has  one  of  the  finest  general 
and  law  libraries  in  the  countiy.  In  1851  he  was  married 
to  Sarah  A.  McClain,  daughter  of  Captain  William  McClain, 
one  of  the  widest  known  and  most  esteemed  steamboat  men 
of  his  time,  and  familiarly  known  as  the  “ Napoleon  of  the 
Ohio.”  In  1862  she  died,  leaving  two  daughters,  Carrie 
and  Belle.  These  beautiful  and  accomplished  daughters  are 
now  the  great  care  and  pride  of  his  life.  This  is  a brief 
sketch  of  a Christian  lawyer;  exemplary  in  all  his  private, 
social  and  business  habits;  with  a mind  naturally  keen, 
clear  and  analytic,  trained  by  long  and  varied  culture;  with 
a mild  and  even  temper,  that  renders  him  a genial  com- 
panion, and  would  characterize  him  in  any  deliberative 
body;  with  the  broadest  and  most  kindly  feelings  towards 
men  in  their  successes  and  misfortunes ; devoted  to  his 
profession,  while  finding  in  his  family  the  quiet,  unspoken 
pride  of  his  life. 

WILLIAM  THOMAS,  Merchant,  was 
g\  \ I Itorn,  December  28th,  1825,  near  the  city  of  Dub- 
/ I I |l  English  and  Welsh  ancestry, 

c / His  education  was  attended  principally  by  a pri- 
t vate  tutor  until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age, 

when  he  entered  a wholesale  grocery  and  wine 
merchant’s  office  in  the  town  of  Carlow  as  junior  clerk,  and 
during  the  space  of  four  years  passed  through  the  different 
grades,  until  he  became  bookkeeper  in  the  establishment. 
In  1845  he  left  the  house  to  assist  his  father  in  his  business 
.at  Athy,  in  the  county  of  Kildare,  as  he  was  in  failing 
health.  His  father  having  died  in  1846,  he  closed  up  the 
business,  and  accepted  a position  on  the  staff  of  the  govern- 
ment engineering  department,  then  established  to  furnish 
work  for  the  relief  of  the  destitute  people,  made  so  by  the 
failure  of  the  potato  crop.  In  this  connection  he  rcrved  as 
Inspecting  Officer  and  Surveyor  of  Work  done  on  the  pub- 
lic works,  until  the  partial  abandonment  of  the  service  in  the 

41 


summer  of  1847.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  emigrated 
to  the  United  States.  The  winter  of  1S47-4S  was  a very 
severe  one,  and  he  found  himself  unable  to  stand  the  cli- 
mate ; and  for  the  purpose  of  a change  he  enlisted  in  the 
2d  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  then  serving  in  Mexico. 
He  left  New  York  in  January,  1848,  with  others  to  join  the 
regiment.  After  landing  at  Vera  Cruz,  he  was  detached  for 
special  service  as  clerk  in  the  hospital  department  at 
Vera  Cruz,  where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  returned  to  New  York  with  his  regiment,  and  soon 
thereafter  sailed  for  England,  where  he  passed  the  winter 
of  1848-49,  but  left  that  country  for  the  United  States  in  the 
fall  of  1849.  Soon  after  landinj  in  New  York  he  went  to 
the  West,  and  reaching  Buffalo,  effected  an  engagement  as 
foreman  on  the  public  works.  He  subsequently  became 
connected  with  the  New  York  & Erie,  the  Erie  & State 
Line,  the  Buffalo  & State  Line,  and  the  Buffalo  & Canan- 
daigua Railro.ads,  as  Foreman  and  Clerk,  and  on  the  latter 
as  Manager.  In  1S53  he  became  bookkeeper  for  the  house  of 
Chamberlin  & Crawford,  of  Cleveland,  in  one  of  their  branch 
establishments  on  the  Ohio  river,  at  Rochester,  rcnr.sylva- 
nia,  where  he  remained  four  years,  part  of  the  time  as  book- 
keeper and  part  as  resident  manager  of  their  transportation 
business,  which  consisted  of  steamers,  barges  or  keel-boats 
on  the  Ohio,  and  canal-boats  on  the  canal.  In  1857,  at  the 
solicitation  of  the  senior  partner  of  the  house,  who  took  a 
great  interest  in  him,  he  removed  to  Cleveland  to  act  as 
shipping  clerk,  by  which  means  he  could  acquire  a knowl- 
edge of  the  mode  of  transacting  lake  business.  He  re- 
mained in  that  office  for  one  year,  when  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Agent  for  the  Northern  Transportation  Com- 
pany at  Toledo.  lie  built  up  very  soon  an  immense  traffic 
for  the  line,  and  has  continued  to  act  for  the  line  ever  since. 
In  the  meantime,  however,  he  established  a commission 
business  at  Toledo,  whicdi  has  been  so  far  succe.ssful.  He 
takes  a great  interest  in  Freemasonry,  having  joined  that 
fraternity  in  1853,  at  Rochester,  Pennsylvania,  being  made 
a Master  Mason  in  Rochester  Lodge,  No.  229;  a Royal 
Arch  Mason  in  Fort  Meigs  Chapter  (Toledo),  No.  29;  and 
a Royal  and  Select  Master  in  Toledo  Council,  No.  33.  He 
is  also  a Knight  Templar  in  Toledo  Commandery,  No.  7. 
He  has  held  several  offices  in  the  lodge,  chapter  and  com- 
mandery, and  now  has  the  honor  of  being  Eminent  Com- 
mander of  tbe  Toledo  Commandery,  No.  7,  one  of  the 
finest  and  best  in  the  State,  composed  as  it  is  of  the  leading 
business  and  professional  men  of  the  city.  In  addition  to 
these  he  is  a member  of  the  Orient  of  Cleveland,  and  of  the 
Ohio  Consistory,  at  Cincinnati,  “Ancient  and  Accepted 
•Scottish  Rite  M.asons,”  and  has  attained  the  thirty-second 
degree.  He  is  a member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  worshipping  at  Trinity  Church,  Toledo,  though, 
during  the  lifetime  of  his  first  wife,  he  was  a member  with 
her  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  the  same  city.  He  has 
been  a patron  of  and  believer  in  life  insurance,  and  has  in- 
creased the  amount  of  his  policies  contemporaneously  with 


322 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


the  increase  of  his  family  and  as  his  ability  permitted,  and 
in  accordance  with  a settled  belief  that  a man  should  make 
provision  for  his  family  commensurate  to  the  style  of  living 
to  which  they  have  been  accustomed,  if  at  all  possible.  He 
is  not  nor  has  he  ever  been  a speculator,  but  believes  in 
steady  labor  as  the  best  for  all.  His  manners  are  rather  re- 
served until  he  becomes  well  acquainted  with  those  he 
meets.  With  his  employes  he  is  kind  but  stern,  allowing 
no  idling  of  time,  but  making  them  follow  the  rules  he  laid 
down  for  himself  while  young — to  do  everything,  whether 
it  be  little  or  much,  to  the  best  of  his. ability,  and  to  keep 
employed  during  business  hours,  and  to  work  for  the  inter- 
ests of  his  employer.  Through  life  he  has  been  frequently 
intrusted  with  offices  in  the  Board  of  Trade  and  other  insti- 
tutions and  associations.  He  is  now  a Director  of  the 
Toledo  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company;  also  a Direc- 
tor of  the  Toledo  Masonic  Temple  Association.  He  lives 
well  and  comfortably,  but  dislikes  show  either  in  himself  or 
family.  The  desire  of  his  heart  is  to  leave  a name  to  his 
children  of  being  an  honest  Christian  man,  and  a good  and 
true  Mason.  In  this  latter  respect  he  desires  to  be  found 
faithful  to  the  trust  confided  to  him,  and  living  and  acting 
with  all  men  in  accordance  with  the  teachings  and  promises 
he  has  made  upon  the  altar  of  Freemasonry.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1852  to  Julia  Barrill,  of  Evans,  New  York.  She 
died  in  1870,  leaving  six  children — four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters— all  of  whom  are  living.  In  1871  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Rose  Jennings,  of  Adrian,  Michigan,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children  living,  one  son  and  one  daughter. 


ESSIOXS,  FRANCES  C.,  Merchant  and  Banker, 
was  born  in  South  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts,  on 
February  27th,  1820.  His  grandfather,  Robert 
Sessions,  was  a clerk  in  Boston  in  1773,  and  was 
one  of  the  “forty  or  fifty”  men  whose  exploit  at 
the  celebrated  Boston  Tea  Party  is  thus  described 
by, Bancroft : “ On  an  instant  a shout  was  heard  at  the  porch 
(of  the  old  South  Church)  ; the  war-whoop  resounded;  a 
body  of  men,  forty  or  fifty  in  number,  disguised  as  Indians, 
passed  by  the  door  ; and,  encouraged  by  Samuel  Adams, 
Hancock,  and  others,  repaired  to  Griffin’s  wharf,  . . . took 
possession  of  three  teaships,  and  in  about  three  hours,  three 
hundred  and  forty  chests  of  tea,  being  the  whole  quantity 
that  had  been  imported,  were  emptied  into  the  bay,  without 
the  least  injury  to  other  property.”  His  ancestor  was  sub- 
sequently called  to  fill  important  official  positions.  He 
married  Mary  Ruggles  (whose  brother  was  United  States 
Senator  from  Ohio  during  three  terms — eighteen  years),  and 
died  at  the  age  of  eighty-five.  The  father  of  Francis  C. 
Sessions,  Francis  Sessions,  was  born  in  South  Wilbraham, 
Massachusetts,  married  Sophronia  Metcalf,  of  Lebanon,  Con- 
necticut, and  died  at  the  age  of  thirty.  His  widow  lived  to 
be  eighty  years  old,  and  was  a woman  of  remarkable  physi- 


cal and  mental  vigor  which  she  retained  almost  to  the  last. 
Francis  C.  Sessions  attended  in  succession  the  academies  of 
Suffield,  Westfield,  Wilbraham  and  Monson.  The  failure 
of  his  health  preventing  him  from  entering  college,  as  he 
had  intended  doing,  he  visited  Ohio  in  the  fall  of  1840,  and 
the  following  year  accepted  a clerkship  in  a store  in  Colum- 
bus. In  1843  entered  into  a copartnership  under  the 
form  of  Ellis,  Sessions  & Co.,  in  the  dry-goods  business. 
Purchasing  the  interest  of  his  partners  after  two  years,  he 
continued  the  business  on  his  own  account  until  1856,  when 
he  disposed  of  his  store  and  engaged  in  the  wool  trade.  In 
1869  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  and  the  President  of 
the  Commercial  Bank.  Throughout  the  whole  term  of  the 
late  civil  war  Mr.  Sessions  spent  a large  part  of  his  time  in 
the  service  of  the  Sanitary  Commission.  He  made  the 
memorable  trip  to  Fort  Donelson,  and  to  quote  from  the 
records  of  the  Commission  concerning  him,  “ went  to  Pitts- 
burgh Landing  immediately  after  the  battle,  where  he  was 
connected  with  the  great  work  accomplished  in  the  care  of 
the  sick  and  wounded  during  the  spring  and  early  summer 
of  1862.  He  went  with  Dr.  Smith  to  Murfreesboro’  upon 
the  occasion  of  the  battle  of  Stone  River;  visited  Virginia 
during  the  second  campaign  in  that  State,  as  well  as  most 
other  important  points  in  our  field  of  operation  ; always  as 
an  earnest,  hard-working,  good  Samaritan.”  The  report  of 
the  Commission  further  records  that  “ the  establishment  and 
success  of  the  Columbus  (Soldiers’)  Home  are  in  a large 
degree  due  to  the  efforts  of  Mr.  F.  C.  .Sessions,  a member 
of  the  Columbus  Branch  of  the  Sanitaiy  Commission,  a 
gentleman  who  was  one  of  the  earliest  volunteers  in  the 
cause  of  humanity  called  out  by  the  war,  and  who,  during 
its  entire  continuance,  by  his  labors  on  battle-fields,  in 
camps  and  hospitals,  while  he  sacrificed  his  personal  inter- 
ests and  his  health,  won  for  him  the  admiration  and  respect 
of  all  who  knew  him.  His  name  frequently  appears  on 
the  records  of  the  work  of  the  Sanitary  Commission  at  the 
West,  in  which,  though  an  unpaid,  he  was  a most  earnest 
and  faithful  worker.  Throughout  the  existence  of  the  Home 
at  Columbus,  Mr.  Sessions  gave  it  his  constant  supervision, 
and  was  in  fact  its  outside  superintendent  and  manager.” 
Mr.  Sessions  has  held  many  benevolent  and  educational 
trusts ; has  been  a Trustee  of  Marietta  College,  of  the 
Hannah  Neil  Mission,  and  of  the  Ohio  Institution  for  the 
Blind.  The  erection  of  the  magnificent  new  Blind  Asylum 
was  intrusted  to  the  supervision  of  himself  and  Henry  C. 
Noble.  He  has  contributed  not  a little  to  the  growth  of 
Columbus  in  the  building  of  business  blocks  and  numerous 
middle-class  houses.  He  has  at  different  times  acted  as 
Director  and  President  of  manufacturing  enterprises.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Third  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  subsequently  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church,  Columbus.  Of  the  latter  he  is  still  a Deacon,  and 
has  from  its  inauguration  contrilnited  very  largely  of  his 
labor  anil  treasure  to  its  prosperity.  He  was  for  many  years 
an  enthusiastic  and  successful  superintendent  of  its  .Sunday 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  EXCYCLOIAEDIA. 


3=3 


school,  and  long  acted  as  a trustee  of  its  ecclesiastical  so- 
ciety. The  truth  of  the  .Scriptural  declaration,  “ There  is 
that  scattereth  and  yet  increaseth,”  has  been  vindicated  in 
his  history ; for,  while  he  has  constantly  practised  the  most 
munificent  liberality,  he  has  accumulated  a large  fortune. 
He  married  Mary  Johnson,  daughter  of  Orange  Johnson, 
of  Worthington,  Ohio,  August  i8th,  1847. 


IJENNISON,  IION.  WILLIAM,  ex-Governor  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  December  23d, 
1815.  lie  was  descended  on  his  mother’s  side 
from  a New  England  family.  His  father,  a native 
of  New  Jersey,  emigrated  to  Ohio  and  became  a 
successful  business  man  in  the  Miami  valley. 
William  was  graduated  from  the  Miami  University  in  1835. 
In  political  science,  history  and  belles  lettres,  his  scholarship 
ranked  high.  After  leaving  college  he  became  a student  in 
the  law  office  of  Nathaniel  G.,  father  of  George  H.  Pendle- 
ton, at  Cincinnati.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and 
•soon  thereafter  married  a daughter  of  William  Neil,  of 
Columbus,  Ohio,  and  a well-known  citizen  of  the  State. 
Removing  to  Columbus,  he  applied  himself  with  energy  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession  for  several  years,  when,  in 
1848,  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  on  the  Whig  ticket,  from 
the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Franklin  and  Dela- 
ware. Politics  in  the  State  were  at  fever-heat  at  this  time, 
and  a desperate  struggle  was  being  made  for  the  control  of 
the  Legislature.  In  the  upper  House  the  new  .Senator  was 
nominated  for  the  .Speakership  by  his  party,  and  came  very 
near  being  elected.  The  contest,  however,  gave  him  con- 
siderable prominence  in  politics,  and  he  at  once  became  as- 
sociated with  many  reforms  in  the  statutes.  Among  these 
may  be  mentioned  the  repeal  of  the  law  forbidding  blacks 
and  mulattoes  the  privilege  of  residence  in  the  State,  or  of 
testifying  in  the  courts.  For  nearly  half  a century  this  law 
was  a reproach  upon  the  intelligence  of  the  law-makers  of 
Ohio.  He  warmly  advocated  the  abolition  of  the  slave 
trade  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  early  took  a decided 
stand  in  opposition  to  the  extension  of  sLavery.  In  the 
spring  of  1850,  his  senatorial  term  having  expired,  he  re- 
sumed his  law  practice  and  abandoned  political  life  for  a 
time.  He  was  a Presidential  Elector  in  1852,  and  cast  his 
vote  for  General  Scott.  About  this  time  he  accepted  the 
Presidency  of  the  Exchange  Bank  of  Columbus,  and  also 
began  to  turn  his  attention  to  the  railroad  enterprises  of  the 
West.  He  was  chosen  President  of  the  Columbus  & Xenia 
Railroad,  and  from  that  time  forth  became  actively  engaged 
as  director  in  all  railway  lines  centring  at  Columbus.  With 
the  formation  of  the  Republican  party  he  became  one  of  the 
most  prominent  members  of  th.at  organization  ; was  a dele- 
gate to  the  Pittsburgh  Convention,  and  in  June,  1856,  took 
an  influential  part  in  the  convention  that  nominated  John  C. 
Fremont  for  the  Presidency.  In  1859  he  was  nominated  by 


his  party  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  entered  into  a debate 
with  his  distinguished  opponent.  Judge  Rufus  P.  Ranney. 
He  was  elected  by  a considerable  majority,  although  his 
views  upon  vital  questions  were  far  in  advance  of  those  of  his 
party  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  voters  of  the  State.  He 
succeeded  S.almon  P.  Chase  as  Governor  in  i860.  In  his 
inaugural  he  dwelt  upon  the  stdte  of  political  affairs,  said 
that  Ohio  was  unmistakably  opposed  to  the  extension  of 
slavery,  and  spoke  of  the  machinations  of  politicians  of  the 
pro-slavery  type.  In  his  first  mess.age  to  the  General,  As- 
sembly in  January,  1861,  he  dwelt  upon  the  progress  Ohio 
was  making  in  the  arts  of  peace,  reviewed  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  Stale,  and  recommended  the  continuance  of  the 
State  banking  system.  Turning  to  the  discussion  of  the  all- 
absorbing  topic  of  the  hour — the  menacing  attitude  of  the 
South — he  declared  the  position  of  Ohio  was  now  the  same 
as  it  was  in  1832,  when  her  Legislature  resolved:  “That 
the  Federal  Union  exists  in  a solemn  compact,  entered  into 
by  the  voluntary  consent  of  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  each  and  evei'y  Stale,  and  that,  therefore,  no  State 
can  claim  the  right  to  secede  from  or  violate  that  compact ; 
and  however  grievous  may  be  the  supposed  or  real  burdens 
of  a State,  the  only  legitimate  remedy  is  the  wise  and  faith- 
ful exercise  of  the  elective  franchise,  and  a solemn  respon- 
sibility of  the  public  agents.”  He  concluded  the  message 
with  an  emphatic  declaration  that,  loyal  as  Ohio  had  always 
been  to  the  Constitution,  she  would  maintain  that  loyally, 
come  what  might.  When  war  became  a stern  reality,  the 
Governor  threw  all  his  energies  into  the  contest  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union,  and  was  a devoted  friend  and 
wise  counsellor  of  the  government  until  the  last  rebel  had 
laid  down  his  arms.  Called  upon  to  face  an  emergency 
wholly  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  country,  he  never 
wavered  nor  hesitated.  Plis  pure  and  lofty  patriotism  sus- 
tained him  under  all  trials,  and,  ever  showing  himself  ready 
to  spend  and  be  spent  in  his  country’s  service,  he  laid 
during  his  administration  the  foundations,  broad  and  deep, 
upon  which  Ohio’s  magnificent  war  record  rests.  As  in  the 
case  of  all  statesmen  who  have  so  borne  themselves  as  to 
become  a shining  mark,  he  has  not  escaped  criticism ; but 
the  voice  of  the  critic  has  been  lost  in  the  general  approba- 
tion and  gratitude  of  his  State  and  country.  When  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Kentucky  responded  to  the  President’s  call  for  volun- 
teers, “ I say  emphatically  that  Kentucky  will  furnish  no  troops 
for  the  wicked  purpose  of  subduing  her  sister  Southern  States,’ 
the  loyal  Ohio  Governor  immediately  telegraphed  the  War 
Department,  “ If  Kentucky  will  not  fill  her  quota,  Ohio  will 
fill  it  for  her!  ” In  less  than  a fortnight  enough  Ohioans 
had  offered  their  services  to  have  filled  the  quota  of  nearly 
three  States!  In  sixteen  days  after  the  call,  official  an- 
nouncement was  made  that  there  were  enough  volunteers 
from  Ohio  to  fill  the  entire  call  of  the  President.  In  a glow 
of  e.rthusiasm  the  Governor  once  said,  “ Ohio  must  lead 
throughout  the  war,”  and  whatever  may  be  the  opinion  of 
her  sister  .States,  citizens  of  Ohio  believe  that  her  record  was 


324 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


ever  in  keeping  with  the  Governor’s  boast.  In  pursuance 
of  this  laudable  ambition,  Ohio  troops  drove  the  rebels  out 
of  western  Virginia,  thus  securing  to  the  loyalists  there  in 
time  the  benefits  of  a separate  State  government.  This 
salvation  of  western  Virginia  must  be  placed  to  the  credit 
of  Governor  Dennison,  and  it  was  accomplished  by  Ohio 
militia,  not  United  States  volunteers.  It  was  the  gift  of  Ohio 
to  the  nation  at  the  outset  of  the  war,  and  was  never  entirely 
wrested  from  it  any  time  during  the  war.  When  the  national 
bank  system  of  Mr.  Chase  was  first  proposed  it  met  with  a 
protest  from  the  Governor,  but  he  afterward  withdrew  his 
opposition  and  declared  in  favor  of  the  policy.  After  his 
term  as  Governor  he  became  the  adviser  and  trusted  coun- 
sellor of  his  successor.  He  became  a national  favorite,  and 
one  of  the  strongest  “ Union  ” speakers  in  the  land.  He 
was  President  of  the  convention  that  renominated  Abraham 
Lincoln,  and  when  Montgomery  Blair  retired  from  the 
Postmaster-Generalship  he  was  called  to  the  Cabinet  as  his 
successor.  He  was  retained  by  Andrew  Johnson,  but  re- 
signed his  portfolio  when  the  new  President  defined  his 
“ policy,”  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Columbus,  where  he 
passed  several  years  in  the  retirement  of  private  life.  He 
is  a man  of  dignified  presence,  courtly  and  elegant  in  man- 
ner, and  a master  of  the  deportment  of  the  first  society,  in 
which  he  moves.  In  1875  appointed  a member  of 

the  commission  to  examine  into  the  financially  entan- 
gled affairs  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  he  has 
succeeded  in  bringing  something  like  order  out  of  this 
chaos. 


rOJpS 

® ’^-^OLLIN.S,  GENERAL  RICHARD,  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  I''ebruary  22(1,  1796.  He  was  lib- 
erally educated.  Being  determined  to  be  inde- 
pendent, at  an  early  age  he  got  employment  as  a 
deputy  clerk  in  the  old  stone  Court  House  at 
Williamsburg,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  before 
Batavia  became  the  county-seat.  He  studied  law  with  John 
McLean  (in  1814  and  1815),  who  was  then  a member  of 
Congress  from  Ohio;  was  admitted  to  practise  by  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  State  at  Cincinnati  in  1816,  and  imme- 
diately removed  to  Hillsborough,  Highland  county,  Ohio. 
As  an  assistant  to  Judge  Bell  in  the  clerk’s  office,  and  as 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  county,  he  came  at  once  into 
notice,  and  thence  from  1818  to  1832  practised  his  profession 
with  great  success  throughout  southern  Ohio.  The  people 
of  Highland,  Brown,  Adams,  Clermont  and  Ross  counties 
still  remember,  either  from  personal  knowledge  or  tradition, 
his  sparkling  wit,  genius,  talent  and  eloquence;  nor  does  it 
seem  to  become  dimmed  or  obscured  by  time.  General 
Collins  represented  Highland  county  successively  in  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature  from  1820  to  1825,  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  when  the  canal  and  school  systems 
were  first  inaugurated.  He  was  a Whig  in  politics,  and  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1S26  owing  to  a division  of  the 


Adams  vote  among  three  candidates,  but  led  that  ticket. 
He  persistently  declined  the  race  afterwards,  although  an 
election  was  assured.  Indeed  he  seemed  to  have  little  taste 
for  official  honor  or  its  emoluments,  and  at  the  time  men- 
tioned, although  he  had  few  equals  in  the  State  as  a lawyer 
and  orator,  refused  all  contests  for  political  position.  Had 
he  devoted  himself  to  politics  and  statesmanship,  his  pure 
character,  noble  bearing,  polished  and  effective  eloquence, 
and  his  remarkable  sagacity  and  wisdom,  would  have  raised 
him  to  a high  place  in  the  councils  of  the  nation.  General 
Collins  was  married  in  1823  to  Mary  Ann  Armstrong,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Armstrong,  one  of  the  earliest  as  well  as 
most  enterprising  merchants  of  Maysville,  Kentucky.  He 
removed  to  that  city  about  1830,  and  formed  a business  con- 
nection with  his  father-in-law  in  the  wholesale  dry-goods 
trade,  and  about  the  same  time  started  a wholesale  queens- 
ware  house  with  George  Collings  and  Levi  Sparks,  of  West 
Union,  who  invested  in  Maysville.  He  thus  relinquished, 
in  consequence  of  his  matrimonial  connections  in  Kentucky, 
the  exciting  pursuits  of  law  and  statesmanship  in  Ohio  for 
the  calm  and  profitable  operations  of  commerce,  although 
for  some  years  afterwards  he  continued  to  attend  the  Ohio 
courts  in  important  cases.  Gencr.al  Collins  became  at  once 
a man  of  mark  in  his  adopted  State,  and  Kentuckians  im- 
mediately recognized  in  the  unassuming  merchant  a man  of 
naturally  superior  intellect,  cultivated  and  refined  by  educa- 
tion. They  found  his  judgment  clear,  acute,  practical  and 
discriminating ; his  taste  exquisite  and  his  manners  fa.scinat- 
ing.  In  addition  to  this,  he  possessed  that  gift  so  highly 
prized  everywhere,  and  especially  in  Kentucky,  a brilliant 
and  captivating  style  of  elocution  admirably  adapted  to  con- 
ciliate, persuade  and  convince.  He  could  not  fail,  then,  to 
acquire  distinction,  as  he  did,  in  any  line  of  life  he  chose  to 
move.  He  represented  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  in  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  three  times — 1834,  1S44  and  1847. 
He  was  nominated  and  elected  on  each  occasion  without 
solicitation,  and  refused  a re-election  each  time.  He  more 
than  once  refused  to  make  the  race  for  Congress  in  the  old 
Tenth  District  of  Kentucky,  when  his  nomination  w.as  sought 
and  tendered  him,  and  when  his  popularily  would  have 
beaten  down  all  opposition.  General  Collins  achieved  a 
handsome  fortune,  a large  portion  of  which  consisted  of 
real  estate  in  Maysville,  Kentucky,  and  of  lands  in  Cler- 
mont county,  Ohio.  He  took  great  interest  in  his  adopted 
city,  and  for  fifteen  years,  from  1S35  to  1850,  was  President 
of  the  City  Council,  in  which  position  his  rare  abilities,  his 
moderation  and  his  self-command  enabled  him  to  render 
the  most  useful  and  efficient  services.  He  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Maysville  Sc  Lexington  Railroad  from 
1850  to  1853,  and  at  his  resignation  left  that  enterjirise  on  a 
safe  and  assured  footing.  He  removed  to  the  old  family 
homestead  in  Ohio,  in  Clermont  county,  in  1853,  a fine 
patriarchal  estate,  purchased  by  him  of  his  relatives.  Here 
he  p.assed  the  last  years  of  his  existence  in  the  bosom  of  an 
affectionate  family,  consisting  of  his  mother,  brothers  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


325 


children,  to  whom  he  was  tenderly  attached,  and  where  he 
dispensed  a liberal  and  elegant  hospitably  to  hosts  of  culti- 
vated friends.  General  Collins  died  May  12th,  1855,  re- 
maining to  the  last  the  same  dignified  and  true-hearted 
gentleman.  His  death  called  out  deep  expressions  of  sorrow 
from  the  press  and  wherever  he  was  known.  Rarely  in- 
deed has  there  been  seen  such  exhibitions  of  genuine  regret. 
It  was  said  of  him  that,  unswayed  by  party  or  prejudice,  few 
could  resist  his  logic,  while  he  conciliated  and  persuaded ; 
if  he  indulged  in  sarcasm,  that  most  dangerous  of  weapons, 
it  was  keener  than  a Damascus  blade,  never  rough  nor  jag- 
ged ; his  wit  was  exuberant  and  irresistible,  and  as  a social 
compaHion  none  surpassed  him.  The  example  of  his  father 
upon  such  a son  could  not  but  produce  the  most  gratifying 
fruits  in  the  season  of  ripening,  and  General  Collins  died 
with  all  the  firmness  and  triumphant  joy  of  spirit  which  the 
Christian’s  hope  can  atone  impart.  His  last  audible  words, 
uttered  in  full  view  of  immediate  death,  but  in  full  assurance 
of  a blissful  immortality,  were  among  the  most  characteristic 
and  sublime  that  have  signalized  the  dying  moments  of  the 
heroic  great — they  were  : “ This,  my  daughter,  is  the  greatest 
day  of  all  my  life.”  He  was  the  personal  and  trusted  inti- 
mate friend  of  Henry  Clay,  Thomas  Ewing  and  Thomas 
Corwin.  Among  the  contemporaries  of  General  Collins  at 
the  bar  were  Thomas  Morris,  O.  T.  Fishback,  Joshua  Sill, 
Thomas  L.  Hamer,  Moses  Kirby,  and  other  noted  names  in 
southern  Ohio  and  among  the  rising  men  who  have  since 
become  distinguished  were  Nelson  Barrere,  General  J-  J- 
McDowell,  J.  H.  Thompson,  George  Collings,  James  Sloane 
and  others  who  have  reflected  honor  on  the  profession. 
Richard  Collins,  both  from  early  education  as  well  as  an 
inherent  sense  of  justness  in  his  nature,  was  opposed  to  the 
institution  of  slavery.  He  was  not  an  abolitionist  in  a party 
sense,  but  held  to  the  doctrine  of  Mr.  Clay  and  Governor 
Metcalf  of  Kentucky  in  favor  of  emancipation  and  coloniza- 
tion by  State  action,  and  such  aid  from  the  general  govern- 
ment and  private  philanthropists  as  could  be  secured.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  what  was  known  as  the  Coloniza- 
tion Society,  and  contributed  largely  of  his  time,  means  and 
influence  to  that  cause.  His  own  slaves  (of  which  he  held 
a large  number  in  Kentucky)  he  emancipated  in  1853  with 
the  full  approbation  of  his  family,  and  furnished  all  of  them 
homes,  means  of  support  and  employment,  thus  reducing  the 
then  value  of  his  estate  several  thousand  dollars,  and  fur- 
nishing a practical  illustration  of  belief  in  his  own  doctrines. 
But  with  political  abolitionism  he  had  no  affiliation  on  the 
one  hand,  nor  with  the  radical  Southern  view  on  the  other. 
Many  of  his  old  slaves  clung  to  the  family  after  the  death 
of  General  Collins,  until  his  children  became  separated,  and 
then  wandered  to  various  places,  at  least  four  of  them  achiev- 
ing success  and  becoming  good  citizens.  The  last  appear- 
ance of  General  Collins  in  public  life  was  in  the  Court 
House  at  B.itavia,  Ohio,  and  was  at  the  solicitation  of  an 
old  farmer  who  had  got  involved  in  a slander  trouble,  and 
insisted  upon  the  General  helping  him  out  on  the  score  of 


old  friendship,  which  he  agreed  to  do,  although  then  in  very 
feeble  health.  This  occurred  but  a few  months  before  his 
death.  The  scene  was  thus  described  by  J.  R.  S.  Bond, 
then  editor  of  the  Clennont  Courier  : 

“ We  are  aware  that  the  General  will  not  thank  us  for  the 
allusion,  but  we  cannot  refrain  horn  adverting  to  one  of  the 
most  notable  events  incident  upon  the  sitting  of  the  late 
term  of  court.  It  is  known  to  most  of  our  readers  that  the 
General  has  for  some  years  retired  from  the  practice  of  his 
prolession,  but  it  being  rumored  that  he  was  to  appear  for 
an  old  friend  in  a case  in  court,  under  circumstances  to  lend 
interest  to  the  occasion,  the  court-room  was  at  once  cron  ded 
to  excess.  Standing-room  even  was  at  a pren.ium.  The 
General,  in  his  quiet  but  pertinent  and  forcible  manner, 
addressed  the  jury,  reviewing  the  particulars  of  the  case  with 
a minuteness  which  evinced  that  the  old  fire  was  yet  left  in 
the  flint ; and  his  closing  speech  was  rarely,  if  ever,  sur- 
passed for  keen  satire,  salient  wit  and  richness  in  classical 
quotation.  So  did  it  abound  in  all  that  constitutes  eloquence, 
that  many  times  did  the  crowd  about  him  (even  including 
court  and  jury)  sympathize  in  his  sallies  of  humor  and  in  the 
deep  pathos  of  his  manner,  both  by  oulbur.sts  of  laughter  and 
lines  of  displeasure  dejjicted  upon  their  countenances.  Gen- 
eral Collins,  by  his  urbanity  belore  a jury,  and  his  courtesy 
toward  opposing  counsel,  presented  a striking  contrast  be- 
tween the  absence  of  those  amenities  w hich  too  often  obtain 
in  the  contests  which  arise  in  the  practice  of  the  taw.  The 
effect  of  such  a jrerformance  as  that  of  General  Collins  be- 
fore a jury  we  hope  may  not  be  lost  upon  the  younger  mem- 
bers of  the  bar.” 

A distinguished  gentleman  of  southern  Ohio  wrote  of 
him  shortly  after  his  death  : 

“ It  was  our  privilege  and  our  pleasure  to  see  much  of  the 
‘old  man  eloquent’  during  his  last  illness.  Although  his 
body  was  but  a shadow,  his  heart  was  as  warm  and  his  in- 
tellect flashed  as  brilliantly  as  ever  in  Ids  palmiest  hours. 
His  mind  revelled  with  the  poets,  and  Shakspeare  was  ever 
upon  his  tongue.  Calm  and  serene  in  temper,  death  did  not 
surprise,  nor  was  he  unwelcome.  M e called  upon  him  a 
few  days  before  his  last,  and  seated  our  son,  a boy  of  twelve 
years,  on  a sofa  at  the  foot  of  his  bed.  '1  he  General’s  watch- 
ful eye  soon  lighted  upon  him;  ‘Whose  boy?’  he  said. 
W'e  informed  him.  He  replied:  ‘Why  not  present  him 
to  me?’  We  spoke  of  his  debility  as  our  excuse.  ‘In- 
troduce him,’  said  the  General.  W e did  so.  He  took  his 
hand,  and,  raising  his  voice,  said,  looking  him  in  the  eye: 
‘ My  boy!  look  upon  the  calm,  serene  rays  of  the  setting 
sun;  then  turn  and  look  upon  the  bright,  burning,  gorgeous 
! rays  of  some  rising  sun,  and  say  which  is  most  beautiful!  ’ 
This  was  said  in  that  slow,  expressive,  inimitable  tone  which 
he  only  of  all  living  men  whom  we  ever  knew  could  best 
employ.  General  Collins  has  left  no  superior  in  all  those 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart  which  adorn  the  gentleman  and 
the  man  ; it  is  therefore  not  strange  that  his  decease  should 
have  called  out  such  sentiments  of  honor  to  his  memory  and 
sympathy  for  his  family.” 

The  house  in  which  General  Collins  resided  in  Hillsbor- 
ough, corner  of  High  and  Beech  streets,  has  been  long  since 
! torn  away,  and  its  place  supplied  by  a splendid  Masonic 
temple,  an  ornament  to  southern  Ohio.  The  old  homestead 
has  been  divided  and  passed  into  strangers’  hands,  and  the 
children  have  become  widely  separated,  yet  his  memory 


326 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


will  linger  in  tradition  long  after  all  other  memorials  have 
passed  away.  It  is  not  possible  here  to  trace  in  detail  the 
many  events  of  a busy  life.  In  the  “Annals  of  Kentucky” 
will  be  found  many  allusions  to  the  public  life  of  General 
Collins  in  that  State,  alike  creditable  to  his  character. 
Among  others,  his  canvass  for  Mr.  Clay  in  1S44;  his  wel- 
coming address  to  John  Quincy  Adams  at  Maysville  the 
same  year;  and  his  refusal  of  the  Whig  caucus  nomination 
for  United  States  Senator  in  1847  for  the  sake  of  party  har- 
mony. His  success  in  procuring  an  act  of  the  Kentucky 
Legislature  removing  the  county-seat  from  Washington  to 
Maysville  is  a remarkable  tribute  to  the  power  of  words  well 
directed.  It  had  been  defeated  in  three  successive  Legisla- 
tures, and  seemed  hopeless.  Again  in  1848  it  was  beaten 
by  the  decisive  vote  in  the  House  of  67  to  30.  General 
Collins  was  appealed  to.  He  made  a single  speech  to  the 
Committee  on  Propositions  and  Grievances  of  an  hour’s 
length.  The  tables  were  turned.  A reconsideration  was 
had,  and  the  act  passed  the  House  with  only  four  dissenting 
votes,  and  a few  days  later  passed  the  Senate  with  but  two 
votes  against.  In  November,  1844,  John  Quincy  Adams 
visited  Maysville.  At  the  request  of  the  citizens,  an  address 
of  welcome  was  made  to  him  by  General  Collins,  who, 
among  other  things,  said  : 

“ You,  sir,  have  placed  Kentucky  under  deep  and  lasting 
obligations  for  your  noble  defence  of  her  great  statesman  in 
your  letter  to  the  W’higs  of  New  Jersey.” 

To  which  Mr.  Adams  made  this  memorable  reply,  now 
part  of  the  political  history  of  the  country  : 

“ I thank  you,  Mr.  Collins,  for  the  opportunity  you  have 
given  me  of  speaking  of  the  great  statesman  who  was  asso- 
ciated with  me  in  the  administration  of  the  general  govern- 
ment, at  my  earnest  solicitation — who  belongs  not  to  Ken- 
tucky alone,  but  to  the  whole  Union,  and  is  not  only  an 
honor  to  his  State  and  this  nation,  but  to  mankind.  The 
charges  to  which  you  refer  I have — after  my  term  of  service 
had  expired  and  it  was  proper  for  me  to  speak — denied  be- 
fore the  whole  country.  And  I here.  General  Collins,  be- 
fore you  and  this  large  assemblage  of  living  witnesses,  reit- 
erate and  reaffirm  that  denial ; and  as  I expect  shortly  to 
appear  before  my  God  to  answer  for  the  conduct  of  my 
whole  life,  should  those  charges  have  found  their  way  to 
the  throne  of  eternal  justice,  I will  in  the  presence  of 
Omnipotence  pronounce  them  false.” 


Johnson,  Ferdinand,  Merchant,  was  bom  in 

the  interior  of  Norway,  April  l6th,  1S22.  Until 
his  eighteenth  year  was  attained  he  remained 
with  his  parents,  finding  occupation  in  the  interim 
in  working  at  the  cabinet-making  and  building 
trade.  The  three  ensuing  years  were  spent 
travelling  as  an  itinerant  journeyman;  and  while  in  his 
twenty-third  year  he  became  a master-mechanic  in  his  vo- 
cation— an  unusual  honor  for  one  so  young,  and  one  which 


gave  him  the  honorable  title  of  the  “ youngest  master- 
mechanic  in  the  Republic.”  In  1843  entered  into  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  as  a cabinet-maker,  and  sustained  it 
until  1845,  when  he  emigrated  to  America,  landing  at  New 
York  after  a tedious  voyage  of  six  weeks.  During  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  worked  as  a journeyman  cabinet-maker,  and 
passed  the  succeeding  six  years  in  piano-forte  making  with 
the  firm  of  Munce  & Clark.  He  then  moved  to  the  West, 
and  settled  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  where,  after  passing  through  a 
year  of  sickness,  he  commenced  the  grocery  business,  with 
a starting  capital  of  sixteen  dollars — on  the  site  of  his  present 
building,  at  the  corner  of  Logan  and  St.  Clair  streets.  Dur- 
ing the  past  twenty-two  years  he  has  devoted  his  time  and 
attention  mainly  to  his  business,  and  secured  great  pros- 
perity through  integrity  in  all  things,  great  and  small, 
through  well-directed  enterprise  and  through  skilful  busi- 
ness tactics.  His  name  is  to-day  a synonyme  for  success 
and  probity,  and  as  a merchant  he  takes  high  rank.  He  has 
built  several  large  business  houses  and  residences,  and  his 
home  and  trade  establishment  are  superb  and  costly  edifices. 
His  political  convictions  are  expressed  in  general  terms  in 
the  doctrines  of  the  Democratic  party.  His  initial  vote  was 
cast  in  favor  of  Pierce  in  1852.  He  was  married,  July  4th, 
1847,  Clara  L.  Whittaker,  in  the  old  house  in  which 
Washington  made  his  farewell  address  to  his  soldiers. 


' OLBY,  JONAS,  M.  D.,  was  born,  December  20th, 
1806,  in  the  town  of  Henniker,  New  Hampshire. 
.His  jjarents,  Levi  and  Betsey  Colby,  were  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  and  farmers  by  occupation ; with 
them  he  remained  until  the  age  of  eighteen,  labor- 
ing on  the  farm  and  attending  the  district  school 
during  winters.  Then  he  left  the  farm  to  devote  his  time 
to  education,  and  graduated  from  the  medical' department 
of  Dartmouth  College,  in  his  native  State,  in  1829.  Imme- 
diately after  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery  in  the  town  of  Bradford,  New  Hampshire,  continu- 
ing it  for  three  years.  In  1832  he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and 
located  in  October  of  that  year  at  Defiance,  where  he  has 
pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession  to  the  present  time. 
In  early  years  he  encountered  all  manner  of  difficulties  and 
hardships,  being  the  only  practising  physician  for  several 
years  within  fifty  miles  of  the  place.  In  1837  the  doctor 
was  married  to  Almira  Hull,  of  Maumee  City,  who  was  the 
first  white  child  born  in  the  Maumee  valley.  The  same 
year  he  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Defiance,  and  served 
during  the  administration  of  Martin  Van  Buren.  At  the 
time  the  doctor  located  at  Defiance  the  countiy  was  new 
and  inhabited  mainly  by  Indians,  who  contributed  largely 
to  the  trade  of  the  town  until  1839,  when  they  emigrated 
West  to  the  Indian  Territory,  now  Kansas,  in  charge  of  the 
Hon.  R.  A.  Forsythe,  Agent,  Dr.  Colby  accompanying  them 
as  physician  and  surgeon,  having  the  charge  of  about  50c 


’t?r-'  ,'i 't ' 

' ' j^i'X.  ‘ . -v'  ■:,  .>-".:/■  ■'■  T**  -' 

f : ■ j**”  ■ ;■* r -7!  •;• . 


'v' 


- . It.j^  /'■';  K,.'^  -‘i;^,,-"^  ^..  iltl; 

'"  ' \t, '"''  '*  "'1’ 

.,  ’ :v^'  “ ...r-ia'  ? f "w,f,  ^V'- 

S,-/^'  ^ .li-, «/'  _ ■ "*  "*''■  •'' ' ■‘‘''''' 

,•-.  'i,  , ■ V,  V .ef  ■■,3^i:'*  , V 4^' 

Vi.  »f~  ■''  Tr(*Siv'''  <■.»  ,.S»’»."  ^ *■  0 -i^  ^' ' 

v"  > ../'  1(4^-,, : f 


-'•ilt't.  I'i  C>^'  4». 


?ff.i’’l';  .^h-  - 'ii-  , .'i 

^ , -'  ' ’J,  . 3 

■ •.  A <{>'<■'’■*  X- ' 

•W  .f) 


.!  ' " . ''^'  ;K 

V '7. 


rSi*  .'^  V 


a:  ’■' 


. ' > 

,JL...  -.  V"*  a-'*'  ' 


i»T 


.ft.: 


^ _ V t ^ wv- v^: ^ " 


*'  f 

‘ ' >1 


1 ■* 

r -Stl 

-'i  nv 

•■  I'-'*-  - 

^ ‘ - ' - 

- - 

P-  ' 

« 

• 1 

“f.l  ^ 

, i*f 

■' 

(f/ -.,>■•  . •» ' 

* 

L*  mV.^- 

r. 

‘k*' 

m 

I ' '/  . 


!!^*^’ii.,Cfi,.'  % " V .4<  '^.'‘^'  I.  w 'S.  W’fc'ii  ■■  ■■  i'iSa** 


'-'  rt.'T' 


• ■■  ■-  tt:  ■■ 


■»  ;:'  ^-1'  ■':  « ' -fT 

’ ■ ..  >•■..,■  «.e^.  ■ yy— f.V'»  ■ 

...  *£  -,- 

.„■  / ■ ■ T.-ir  -■• 


i.  /-  o T'  • V.,. 

:^,  ^ f ^f»n.  ■*+<..  *.  - 
l'  ' -■•ivs  J.  ‘ F>  i.  -4  ■■’ 


’nx 


■ ' --ri,  t 


w 


.t:4i  ’ . 


i - ; ■>■•.  ■*  ^,- 

*'r  </*  --Ki.  (^.  • 4f^i< 

I ^— .-  ^•‘ilf  < . -m  > ,i.'.l  _ i**  .^'  ■ 

t-  . 

f i,  ' -g  . ■ 1.  .’•,  . • ■ *; 


*- 


<^5 


>Ai' 


► Jr 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA 


327 


for  five  months  without  losing  an  individual.  During  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  for  Williams 
county,  in  which  office  he  served  five  years.  The  doctor 
in  his  early  years  was  an  active  politician  of  the  Jackson 
school,  though  never  desiring  for  himself  office,  that  would 
interfere  materially  with  the  duties  of  his  profession.  Dur- 
ing the  late  civil  war  he  supported  the  administration  in 
such  capacity  as  his  health  would  permit ; was  Chairman  of 
a military  committee  during  the  war;  was  appointed  Ex- 
amining Surgeon  for  his  county,  for  exemptions  from  mili- 
tary duty;  was  commissioned  Military  Surgeon  with  the 
rank  of  Major  for  three  years,  by  Governor  Brough,  and 
subsequent  to  the  war  was  Examining  Surgeon  for  Pensions. 


-^ALLOWAV,  HON.  SAMUEL,  was  born,  March 
20th,  1811,  at  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania.  His 


youth  was  spent  in  his  native  village,  and  just 
before  his  majority  and  very  soon  after  the  death 
of  a most  worthy  father,  he  removed  to  the  State 
of  Ohio,  to  make  his  home  among  relatives  in 
Highland  county.  From  his  home  he  entered  Miami.  Uni- 
versity, Oxford,  passed  through  the  curriculum  of  study  and 
graduated  with  distinguished  honor  in  the  class  of  1833. 
In  his  college  associations  were  men  who  have  since 
attained  to  prominence  in  professional  and  political  careers. 
His  eminence  was  not  in  mere  text-book  scholarship,  but 
he  added  to  this  the  broader  attainments  that  foreshadowed 
his  future  success  as  teacher,  orator  and  leader.  On  leav- 
ing college  he  at  once,  in  accordance  with  tastes  that  were 
the  outgrowth  of  temperament  and  mental  characteristics, 
and  no  doubt  early  fostered  by  daily  intimacy  with  his  dis- 
tinguished townsman,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  for  whom  he 
entertained  profound  admiration,  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law  at  Hillsborough.  In  the  midst  of  these  studies  he 
became  deeply  impressed  with  the  obligations  of  religion, 
and  promptly  abandoning  his  law  stiulies,  he  was  entered 
as  a student  of  theology,  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  At  the 
end  of  a year  the  bent  of  nature,  the  strong  bias  of  taste 
and  temperament,  so  obviously  unfitting  him  for  the  pro- 
prieties and  the  rigid  decorum  of  the  pulpit,  but  so  clearly 
drifting  him  to  the  bar  and  the  political  arena,  asserted 
their  rule  and  carried  him  back  to  the  law.  He  did  not  at 
once  complete  his  legal  studies,  but  accepted  for  a term  the 
chair  of  Greek  in  his  Alma  Mater,  Miami  University,  and 
went  from  there  to  .South  Hanover,  Indiana,  to  enter  upon 
the  congenial  pursuits  of  literature  and  language.  His 
success  as  a teacher  in  these  departments  is  attested  by 
most  competent  colleagues,  who  expressed  the  deepest 
regret  at  losing  him  from  the  faculty.  His  attainments  in 
cla.ssical  literature  were  thorough  and  extensive,  rendering 
him  an  elegant  scholar,  and  a graceful  and  ready  writer. 
He  soon  renewed  and  completed  his  preparation  for  the 
bar,  during  which  time  he  became  intimately  and  zealously 


identified  with  the  temperance  agitation,  which  awoke  the 
public  sentiment  to  the  necessity  of  an  organized  reform, 
and  was  styled  the  Washingtonian  movement.  By  con- 
stant example,  fervid  speech,  and  active  work,  he  promoted 
this  much  needed  movement.  In  1843  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  with  Nathaniel  Massie,  in  Chillicothe.  He 
made  his  maiden  speech  at  Hillsborough,  in  the  presence 
of  several  of  the  most  distinguished  members  of  the  bar  of 
southern  Ohio.  All  gave  him  high  commendation  for  this 
effort,  the  jury  according  him  the  verdict  without  leaving 
their  seats;  and  such  was  the  impression  upon  the  mind  of 
the  Hon.  Thomas  L.  Hamer,  who  was  present,  that  he 
said  : '■  Galloway,  retire  with  your  laurels  : you  will  never  be 
able,  in  any  future  effort,  to  equal  or  surpass  this.”  During 
this  year  he  was  chosen,  by  the  State  Legislature,  Secretary 
of  State,  and  removing  to  Columbus,  he  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office,  with  the  added  responsibility  of  Com- 
missioner of  Common  Schools.  From  his  known  zeal  in 
the  interests  of  education,  popular  and  collegiate,  he  was 
expected  to  inaugurate  some  system  that  would  place  them 
upon  a sure  basis,  and  carry  out,  to  some  large  and  pro- 
ductive results,  the  liberal  contributions  of  its  citizens.  He 
had,  in  his  association  with  the  Hon.  Horace  Mann  and 
other  distinguished  teachers  of  the  country,  who  made  up 
that  noble  body  of  talent,  zeal,  and  power,  the  Western 
College  of  Teachers,  become  fully  inspired  with  the  weighty 
interests  and  grand  results  that  hung  upon  educating  the 
people  of  the  State  that  had  in  charge  its  destinies.  Pro- 
fessor Calvin  E.  Stowe  had  returned  from  Europe  reporting 
the  best  system  of  education  there ; and  the  friends  of  a 
popular  .system  hailed  the  election  of  the  new  secretary,  as 
one  to  aid  in  carrying  out  their  great  aims.  In  his  first 
report  he  began  arranging  the  chaotic  materials  found  in  the 
crude,  imperfect,  and  very  partial  reports  of  the  county 
auditors  and  local  school  boards.  In  his  second  report 
great  advances  were  made,  and  great  interest  developed  in 
the  popular  mind,  especially  in  the  organization  of  teachers 
in  institutes,  and  the  management  of  schools  under  the 
supervision  of  district  or  county  superintendents.  P'rom 
these  labors,  accomplished  under  many  difficulties  and 
obstructions  in  his  personal  visitations,  special  correspond- 
ence, vigorous  pleas,  and  legislative  importunities,  can  be 
dated  some  of  the  most  important  results  bearing  on  popular 
education  in  Ohio.  Institutes  were  organized  at  several 
points,  over  which  Mr.  Galloway  presided,  and  at  which  he 
delivered  stirring  addresses.  No  great  question  that  in- 
volved principle  or  popular  rights  could  be  presented  that 
would  not  enlist  a temperament  so  ardent  and  a mind  so 
discriminating.  Hence,  when  the  greatest  of  all  national 
questions,  slavery,  loomed  up  in  1832  and  1840,  he  promptly 
and  decidedly  ranged  himself  in  the  anti-slavery  ranks, 
though  he  was  never  identified  with  what  was  called  the 
“ Liberty  party.”  His  attachment  was  with  the  old  rather 
than  the  new,  here  as  well  as  elsewhere  ; and  with  patriotic 
conservatism  he  did  not  sutider  the  tie  that  bound  him  to 


328 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XYCLO^.EDIA. 


the  old  Whig  party,  to  which,  in  political  faith,  he  had 
always  been  devoted.  In  the  conventions  and  councils  of 
this  party  he  was  an  acknowledged  leader.  From  the  very 
outset  of  his  political  career  he  began  to  make  his  mark. 
In  the  days  when  such  men  as  Ewing,  Corwin,  Stanbury, 
and  others  were  recognized  leaders,  though  much  younger, 
his  gifts  of  speech  and  pen  were  none  the  less  noted  and 
effective.  And  here  it  may  be  said  that  it  was,  perhaps,  as 
the  living  speaker  he  is  most  vividly  recalled  by  those  who 
had  the  privilege  of  knowing  him.  In  this  department  he 
had  few  equals ; none,  who  had  ever  heard  him,  can  ever 
forget  the  power  of  his  eloquence.  No  description  can 
convey  a just  idea  of  his  manner  or  style.  His  efforts  were 
unequal,  often  affected  by  a depressed  nervous  system,  but 
at  his  best,  his  speeches  were  a rare  union  of  scathing  wit, 
brilliant  sarcasm,  intense  pathos,  and  inimitable  humor, 
intensified  in  their  delivery  by  the  profoundest  feeling  of 
the  man.  Though  full  of  anecdote  and  thrilling  illustration, 
yet  they  were  governed  by  a strictly  logical  order,  and  story 
and  fable  were  linked  in  a chain  of  convincing  argument. 
No  man  could  sway  more  successfully  the  feelings  of  a 
crowd.  And  when  he  rose  in  a popular  assembly  it  was 
the  signal  for  a tumultuous  outburst  of  applause — the  “ peo- 
ple heard  him  gladly,”  and  listened  with  delighted  interest, 
often  under  most  unfavorable  circumstances.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Convention  which  nominated 
Zachary  Taylor  for  the  Presidency,  and  there  made  a very 
able  speech  in  favor  of  the  nominee.  In  1854-55  he  repre- 
sented his  district  in  Congress,  when  his  party  was  largely 
in  the  minority,  during  an  anomalous  commingling  of 
parties,  and  under  the  ascendency  of  a narrow,  bigoted 
order,  the  Know  Nothings,  with  whom  he  had  no  real 
sympathy.  In  two  other  Congressional  contests  his  per- 
sonal po]nilarity  was  demonstrated  by  a large  vote,  irrespec- 
tive of  party  ties.  In  the  two  years  of  Congressional  life  he 
added  renown  to  his  name  as  the  tenacious  advocate  of 
common  rights  to  all  conditions  of  men,  and  his  speech  on 
the  Kansas  bill  was  a theme  for  eulogy  in  this  country,  and 
in  foreign  periodicals.  Blackwood  and  the  A^orth  British 
Reviezu  gave  it  deserved  commendation.  In  the  nation’s 
struggle  against  the  encroachments  of  slavery,  though  his 
physical  organization  wholly  unfitted  him  for  the  contest  on 
the  battle-field,  yet  he  remained  to  do  successful  battle  with 
different  weapons,  against  other  enemies,  but  all  aiding  in 
the  last  grand  consummation.  In  the  new  national  policy 
that  made  up  this  mighty  war  party,  he  took  no  mean  place, 
and  performed  no  subordinate  amount  of  the  labor  that  had 
its  climax  in  the  nomination  of  Lincoln  to  its  triumphant 
leadership.  His  intimate  friendship  with  Lincoln  was  not 
in  the  bonds  of  political  association  only  or  chiefly,  but  in 
deeper  ties — of  community  of  nature,  genial  humor,  generous 
sympathies,  hearty  impulses.  These  brought  them  together 
with  no  consciousness  of  station  or  rank  to  make  a tliffer- 
ence.  The  mutual  geniality  of  the  men  expressed  itself 
when  the  courtesy  of  a Columbus  delegation  w.as  extended 


to  Mr.  Lincoln,  who,  grasping  Mr.  Galloway’s  hands  with 
characteristic  cordiality  and  emphasis,  said  : “ I would 
rather  see  you  than  any  man  in  America.”  Governor  Tod, 
too,  found  him  a congenial  spirit,  and  loved  him.  The 
memory  of  an  evening,  when  Lincoln,  Galloway,  and  Tod 
met  in  the  President’s  room,  in  the  days  of  care,  anxiety, 
fears  and  hopes  for  the  country  in  her  great  struggle,  recalls 
the  characteristics  of  each,  and  much  that  was  common  to 
all.  The  noble  war  Governor  of  Ohio  did  not  know  fully 
the  joke-loving  President,  and  had  felt  that  he  was  not  fully 
impressed  with  the  solemn  drama  in  which  he  was  acting 
so  leading  a part.  But  that  interview,  prolonged  into  the 
stillness  of  midniglit,  dispelled  all  such  impressions.  The 
rapid  transitions  from  the  highest  humor,  or  most  piquant, 
subtle  application  of  a story  or  incident  to  the  gravest  and 
most  momentous  events  then  transpiring,  their  most  serious 
statesmanlike  consideration,  the  grave,  hearty  care  impressed 
upon  the  then  spare  face,  the  prompt  return  of  genial  ex- 
pression of  personal  interest,  all  ended  in  a commingling  of 
a deep  sympathy  and  fullest  mutual  confidence,  that  only 
ended  as  one  after  another  they  have  dropped  from  their 
places  in  these  great  historic  scenes.  As  Judge-Advocate 
a commission  was  given  to  Mr.  Galloway  for  the  examina- 
tion of  military  and  civil  prisoners  at  Camp  Chase,  in  1863, 
and  in  that  service  he  continued  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
The  demands  of  military  justice  and  discipline  were  there 
supplemented  by  tender  mercy',  and  while  jealous  of  his 
country’s  honor,  he  cared  for  many  who  were  victims  and 
sufferers  in  the  casualties  of  war,  and  his  heart  and  purse 
and  friendly  aid  were  ready  to  alleviate  their  wants,  ex- 
hibiting the  spirit  of  his  illustrious  prototype,  “ Malice 
towards  none,  charity  for  all.”  Coupled  with  devotion  to 
the  welfare  and  integrity  of  his  country  was  that  of  church. 
That  part  of  his  life  and  character  represented  by  his  reli- 
gious views  and  habits  is  perhaps  least  understood  by  the 
world.  In  fact,  here  he  could  only  be  known  by  those  who 
were  taken  into  sympathy  with  his  inner  life,  for  few  men 
wore  more  distinctly  an  outer  and  an  inner  life.  In  the 
rough  struggle,  the  sharp  conflict,  the  Cromwellian  fight 
with  the  outer  world,  the  combatant,  armed  with  all  the 
power  of  truth,  eloquence,  and  sarcasm,  seemed  to  reveal 
the  whole  man.  Hence  many,  who  considered  themselves 
his  intimate  friends,  knew  nothing  of  his  inner  life,  with  its 
struggles,  its  deep  controlling  convictions,  its  sustaining 
faith  and  religious  hope.  These  constituted  almost  an 
independent  existence  of  which  he  was  as  leticent  as 
William  the  Silent,  except  as  it  was  manifested  in  church 
administration  or  religious  assemblies.  In  ecclesiastical 
councils  he  acted  with  sound  judgment  and  prudent  con- 
servatism, though  he  was  bold  and  aggressive  in  spirit, 
asking  for  a positive  pronunci.ation  when  questions  involv- 
ing great  and  important  matters  were  at  issue.  The  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Old  .School  Presbyterian  Church  made 
him  one  of  its  Commissioners  at  its  meeting  in  Philadelphia 
to  accomplish  the  union  of  the  two  schools,  a position  of 


BIOURAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.KDIA. 


329 


dignity  and  importance,  and  which  demanded  wise  judg- 
ment and  careful  discrimination.  It  may  be  added  that 
Mr.  Galloway  had  great  personal  popularity.  liis  sympathy 
with  the  people  was  well  understood  and  appreciated.  Ilis 
manner.s,  so  entirely  sin, pie  and  unostentatious,  made  him 
the  best  known  public  man  in  the  State.  One  of  his  many 
obituaiy  notices  closed  with  these  words  : “ Many  there  are 
who  will  miss  the  generous  grasp  of  the  hand  that  shall  no 
more  be  raised  in  eloquent  gesture  or  sublime  utterance  to 
the  assembled  multitudes  as  in  days  gone  by.  Of  him, 
more  than  of  others,  many  will  say  with  Ilalleck — 

“ ‘ None  knew  thee  but  to  love  thee, 

None  named  thee  but  to  praise.’  ” 


n 

HAZIER,  IIOX.  WILLIAM  HUGH,  Lawyer 
and  Jurist,  was  born,  March  nth,  1826,  at  Hub- 
hard,  Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  fourth 
son  and  seventh  child  of  George  and  Betharab 
(Randall)  Frazier.  His  father  was  a native  of 
Kent  county,  Maryland,  and  followed  agricultural 
pursuits.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Ohio  in  1802, 
and  settled  in  Trumbull  county,  where  he  married  his  wife, 
who  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania.  Wil- 
liam attended  the  common  school  of  his  district  until  he 
was  twelve  years  old,  and  then  accompanied  his  parents  on 
their  removal  to  Guernsey  county,  where  he  resumed  his 
attendance  at  school  during  the  winter  months,  continuing 
his  studies  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  old,  w'orking 
during  the  summer  on  his  father’s  farm.  He  then  entered 
Madison  College,  at  Antrim,  remaining  ther'e  two  terms, 
meanwhile  studying  at  home  and  laboring  on  the  farm;  but 
finding  his  health  enfeebled,  and  believing  that  he  would 
be  unable  to  continue  his  work  on  the  plantation,  decided 
to  apply  himself  to  the  study  of  law.  At  this  time  an  elder 
brother  was  pursuing  a course  of  reading  for  th;^t  profession, 
and  he  placed  himself  under  that  brother’s  tutelage,  and  so 
continued  until  he  was  twenty-six  years  of  age,  when  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Coshocton,  Ohio,  May  17th, 
1852.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  with 
his  brother  immediately  after  his  admission,  at  Sarahsville, 
then  the  county-seat  of  Noble  county.  In  the  follow'ing 
month  of  August  his  brother  died,  and  he  continued  alone 
until  1858,  when  the  county-seat  was  removed  to  Caldwell. 
He  likewise  removed  his  domicil  to  the  new  shire  town, 
and  in  March,  1865,  formed  a partnership  with  James  S. 
Foreman,  which  continued  for  one  year.  In  1855  he  W'as 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  county  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket,  and  re-elected  four  successive  times,  making 
his  incumbency  a period  of  ten  years.  In  October,  1871, 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hayes  for  four  months  to 
'fill  an  unexpired  term  of  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  at  the  election  held  the  same  month  was  elected 
to  that  office  for  a term  of  five  year-.,  which  position  he  yet 
42 


continues  to  hold.  He  w'as  connected  with  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Marietta,  Pittsburgh  & Cleveland  Railway  Com- 
pany, and  was  Vice-President  of  that  corporation  until  his 
election  as  Judge,  and  was  a Director  until  February,  1875. 
In  the  spring  of  1873  he  organized  the  Noble  County 
National  Bank,  with  a capital  of  $60,000,  of  which  he  was 
elected  President,  and  still  occupies  that  office.  He  has 
attained  his  present  position  in  life  by  dint  of  industry, 
energy,  and  perseverance ; and  he  is  respected  by  all  who 
know  him  as  a valuable  citizen  and  an  impartial  judge.  He 
was  married,  November  30th,  1854,  to  Minerva  E.  Staats, 
of  Noble  county,  Ohio,  who  is  still  living. 


ORRIS,  JOHN  A.,  United  States  Pension  Agent,  was 
born  in  Perry,  Geauga  county,  Ohio,  August  loth, 
1835,  his  parents  being  natives  of  Massachusetts, 
and  his  father  by  occupation  a farmer.  He  was 
educated  at  Kenyon  College,  Gambler,  Knox 
county,  and  in  i860  graduated  from  that  institu- 
tion with  credit.  Prior  to  his  collegiate  course  at  Kenyon, 
he  attended  the  district  schools  during  the  winter  seasons, 
assisting  during  the  remainder  of  each  year  in  the  labor  of 
cultivating  his  father’s  farm.  In  i860,  shortly  after  his 
graduation,  he  went  to  Louisiana  as  private  tutor  in  a family, 
and  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  returned  to  his  native 
State.  Upon  his  return  to  Ohio  he  became  Superintendent 
of  Public  Schools,  at  Cadiz,  Ohio,  and  lemained  in  charge 
thereof  for  one  year.  In  July,  1862,  he  resigned  that  posi- 
tion to  enter  the  Union  army,  and  was  mustered  in  as  Cap- 
tain in  the  98th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  served  in 
that  position  until  1864,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  posi- 
tion of  Major  of  the  same  regiment.  On  July  19th  of  the 
same  year,  while  engaged  with  his  command,  he  was 
wounded  and  suffered  the  amputation  of  one  of  his  limbs. 
On  the  4th  of  the  following  October  he  was  honorably 
mustered  out  by  a special  order  from  the  War  Department, 
and  was  appointed  as  United  States  Provost  Marshal  of  the 
Sixteenth  Congressional  District,  and  served  until  October 
1st,  1865.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  w'as  elected  Commis- 
sioner of  Common  .Schools,  was  re-elected  to  that  position 
in  the  fall  of  1868,  and  acted  as  such  until  May,  i86g,  when 
he  was  appointed  United  .States  Pension  Agent  at  Columbus, 
and  in  March,  1872,  reappointed  to  the  same  position. 
Mr.  Norris  is  a man  of  scholarly  culture,  and  a practical 
educator.  He  has  taken  a deep  interest  in  public  educa- 
tion, and  while  at  the  head  of  the  school  .system  of  his  St.ate 
discharged  his  duties  with  ability  and  to  the  acceptance  of 
his  people.  As  a soldier  he  distinguished  his  service  with 
gallantry,  ability,  and  patriotic  devotion  to  duty.  He  is  in 
ev'eiy  way  qualified  for  his  present  office,  the  important 
duties  of  which  he  administers  with  integrity  and  intelli- 
gence. On  March  6th,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Nettie 
B.  Beebe. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


ANNA,  HON.  JOHN  E.,  Lawyer  and  Jurist,  was 
born,  December  19th,  1S05,  in  WestmoreLand 
county,  Pennsylvania,  of  American  parents.  His 
father  was  a saddler  by  trade,  but  subsequently 
became  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  The 
family  removed  to  Ohio  in  1815,  and  settled  at 
Cadiz,  in  Harrison  county,  and  John  attended  school  at  the 
academy  in  that  town.  He  commenced  studying  law  in 
1823,  with  Chauncey  Dewey,  of  Cadiz,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  September,  1825.  He  immediately  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  in  1826  removed  to 
McConnellsville,  Morgan  county,  where  he  opened  an 
office,  and  where  h5  has  since  continued  to  practise,  e.xcept 
when  on  the  bench.  In  1829  he  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  county,  and  in  1831,  when  the  office  was 
made  elective,  he  was  elected,  and  held  the  same  until 
1838.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  the  town  in  1831, 
but  resigned  that  office  in  1833.  In  1834  he  was  elected 
Brigadier-General  Ohio  Militia,  and  served  as  such  until 
1840,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his  seat  as  Judge.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1838,  and  re-elected  in  1839. 
In  1840  he  was  elected  President  Judge  of  the  Eighth 
Judicial  District,  embracing  eight  counties,  including  Mor- 
gan, Washington,  Meigs,  etc.,  etc.  He  was  on  the  bench 
for  seven  years.  His  political  creed  has  always  been 
Democratic;  nevertheless  he  was  of  great  assistance  in  rais- 
ing troops  for  the  Union  army  during  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion. He  was  married,  June  yih,  1826,  to  Susanna  Robert- 
son, of  Cadiz,  Ohio,  who  was  the  mother  of  six  children, 
of  whom  five  are  living;  she  died  April  15th,  1865.  He 
was  again  married,  October  25th,  1865,  to  .Sarah,  daughter 
of  Rev.  William  Swayze,  of  Ohio. 


330 


H.\SE,  HARRY,  Superintendent  of  the  City 
Infirmary,  Toledo,  Oliio,  was  born  in  Hoosic, 
Rensselaer  county.  New  York,  on  May  19th, 
1805.  As  early  as  1806  his  parents  removed  to 
Fabius,  Onondaga  county.  New  York;  in  1816 
to  Clarkson,  Monroe  county  (then  Genesee 
county).  New  York,  and  in  1836  to  Medina,  Orleans 
county.  New  Vh)rk,  where  they  both  died.  His  father  was 
a farmer,  and  he  himself  was  raised  on  a farm  until  fifteen 
years  of  age,  having  up  to  this  time  received  only  the  rudi- 
ments of  a common  school  education.  On  October  20th, 
1820,  he  was  placed  in  a small  country  store,  where  he 
commenced  to  learn  the  trade  of  a merchant.  There  he 
continued  until  May,  1827,  when  he  was  engaged  to  take 
command  of  a line  boat  on  the  Erie  canal.  In  May,  1828, 
he  was  employed  by  his  uncle,  Arad  Joy,  an  old  merchant 
at  Ludlowville,  Tompkins  county,  to  take  charge  of  his 
store,  which  resulted  in  the  purchase,  in  company  with 
Charles  Davis,  of  his  uncle’s  old  stock  and  good-will  of  the 


stand,  and  a partnership  with  Davis  of  five  years,  which 
proved  pleasant  and  profitable  for  those  times-  At  the 
expiration  of  that  partnership  he  removed  to  Milan,  Huron 
county,  Ohio,  in  May,  1835.  In  September,  1833,  he  was 
married  to  Delia  Conger,  by  whicli  marriage  he  had  four 
children,  two  of  whom  survive.  His  wife  died  at  Peru, 
Huron  county,  on  July  7th,  1840;  and  on  May  19th,  1841, 
he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Amey  A.  Draper,  by  which  mar- 
riage he  has  four  children,  all  of  whom  still  survive.  In 
May,  1836,  he  gave  up  business  in  Milan,  and  removed  a 
part  of  his  goods  to  Jackson  county,  Michigan.  In  October 
of  the  same  year,  having  sold  out  in  Michigan,  he  removed 
with  liis  family  to  Buffalo,  and  embarked  in  a wholesale 
and  retail  hardware  business.  This  proved  a failure  owing 
mainly  to  losses  of  debts  for  goods  sold  to  parties  in  Michi- 
gan, Indiana,  and  Ohio,  aided  by  the  “Wild  Cat”  times. 
He  returned  in  May,  1840,  with  hh  family  to  Ohio,  where 
his  wife  died.  In  S^'ptember,  1841,  he  commenced  again 
at  Milan  with  very  limited  means;  and  the  year  following 
sold  out  his  stock  of  goods,  settled  all  his  debts,  and  asso- 
ciated with  a Mr.  Shaw  as  partner  in  the  produce  commis- 
sion business.  This  association  was  dissolved  by  the  death 
of  his  partner.  Three  years  later  he  turned  his  attention  to 
farming,  buying  in  August,  1844,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  new'  land,  lying  one  mile  from  the  village  of  Milan. 
This  he  caused  to  be  improved  and  cultivated,  and  sold  in 
August,  1856,  having  in  the  meantime  been  awarded  the 
first  premium  offered  on  the  best  farm,  by  the  Huron  and  Erie 
County  Agricultural  Society,  in  1852,  and  again  in  1853  that 
offered  by  the  .State  Agricultural  Society  for  the  best  regu- 
lated and  best  cultivated  farm  in  Ohio  (see  “Agricultural 
Reports”).  This  firm  he  purchased  at  eight  dollars  per 
acre,  and  sold  at  fifty  dollars  per  acre.  In  April,  1857,  he 
moved  to  Toledo,  and  opened  a w'arehouse  and  general 
commission  business,  in  company  with  John  Stevens  and 
Charles  N.  Ryan,  under  the  firm-name  of  Stevens,  Ryan  & 
Chase.  This  business  proved  unprofitable,  and  continued 
one  year,  when  Mr.  Ryan  withdrew'.  During  its  continu- 
ance, on  the  night  after  the  October  election,  the  w'are- 
house and  canal  elevator  was  destroyed  by  fire.  After 
pursuing  the  commission  business,  in  company  with  Mr. 
Stevens,  until  the  spring  of  1 866,  Mr.  Chase  retired  to 
accept  the  office  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue.  His 
comnrercial  experience  has  been  quite  varied — sometimes 
successful,  but  at  other  times  quite  disastrous,  so  that  now, 
as  the  evening  of  life  is  upon  him,  he  has  passed  the  limit 
of  threescore  and  ten,  he  finds  himself  poor.  Politically, 
his  first  vote  was  cast  for  De  Witt  Clinton,  for  Governor 
of  New  York,  and  he  has  been  a Whig,  and  is  now'  a 
Republican.  At  the  October  election  in  1849  he  W'as 
elected  by  the  Whig  electors  of  Erie  and  Huron  coun- 
ties to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio;  these  two  counties 
then  composing  an  election  district  for  senator  and 
representative.  He  was  the  last  Whig  elected  on  the 
Western  Reserve. 


V 


'W 


/ 


I 


!Vil 


~kc  J 


from  an  ori^nal  Portrait  by 


©113^5’?’  “WSSdlliJLg^  mSSS’lSS"  IEIJO^ISKS®S’o 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOICLDIA. 


331 


ARRISON,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  HENRY, 
Soldier,  Statesman  and  Ninth  President  of  tlie 
United  States,  was  born,  February  9th,  1773,  in 
Berkeley,  Charles  City  county,  Virginia,  and  was 
the  third  and  youngest  son  of  Hon.  Benjamin 
Harrison,  a member  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
a simier  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  three 
times  Governor  of  Virginia.  He  died  in  1791,  when  his 
youngest  son  was  in  his  nineteenth  year.  Being  left  by  his 
fiither’s  death  to  depend  upon  himself,  he  joined  the  army 
with  the  commission  of  Ensign,  which  was  then  under  the 
command  of  General  St.  Clair,  and  afterwards  under 
Wayne,  against  the  western  Indians.  His  spirit  and  sa- 
gacity attracted  the  attention  of  Wayne,  who  appointed 
him  an  Aide-de-camp,  in  which  capacity  he  served  through 
the  war.  Soon  after  its  close,  in  1795,  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Captain  and  placed  in  command  of  Fort 
Washington,  then  occupying  the  site  of  the  present  city  of 
Cincinnati,  laid  out  soon  after  by  John  Cleves  Symmes,  a 
daughter  of  whom  Captain  Harrison  married.  In  1797  he 
resigned  his  commission  in  the  army  and  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  from 
which,  in  1799,  he  was  chosen  a delegate  to  Congress. 
The  Northwestern  Territory  having  been  divided,  Harrison 
was  appointed,  in  iSoi,  Governor  of  the  new  Territory  of 
Indiana,  embracing  the  present  States  of  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Michigan  and  Wisconsin.  Almost  the  whole  of  it  was  then 
in  possession  of  the  Indians,  with  whom,  as  Superintendent, 
he  made  several  important  treaties,  in  which  large  cessions 
of  territory  were  obtained.  The  agitation  among  the  In- 
dians, caused  by  Tecumseh  and  his  brother,  the  Prophet, 
having  assumed  the  character  of  hostilities,  Harrison,  in 
the  autumn  of  ISI l,  advanced  against  the  Prophet’s  town 
at  the  head  of  800  men,  partly  regulars  and  partly  volun- 
teers. His  camp  at  Tippecanoe  was  furiously,  but  unsuc- 
cessfully, attacked  on  the  night  of  Noveml)er  5th.  The 
defeated  Indians  were  at  first  inclined  to  treat,  but  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  made  them 
again  hostile.  After  Hull’s  surrender  Harrison  was  ap- 
pointed, in  September,  1812,  to  the  command  of  the  North- 
west frontier,  with  a commission  as  Brigadier-General.  It 
was  not  until  the  next  year,  by  which  time  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  M.ajor-General,  that  he  was  able  to  commence 
active  operations.  Several  mishaps  grew  out  of  the  inex- 
perience of  his  subordinate  officers,  but  the  victory  of  Perry 
on  Lake  Erie  enabled  him  to  recover  from  the  British  in- 
vaders the  American  territory  which  they  had  occupied 
and  to  pursue  them  into  Canada,  where,  on  October  5th, 
they  were  totally  routed  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames.  A 
peace  with  the  Northwest  Indians  soon  followed.  Not 
long  after,  in  consequence  of  misunderstandings  with  Arm- 
strong, the  Secretary  of  War,  Harrison  resigned  his  com- 
mission in  the  army.  In  1816  he  was  elected  from  the 
Cincinnati  district  a member  of  the  United  States  House 
of  Representatives,  in  which  body  he  sat  for  three  years. 


In  1819  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  State  Senate  of 
Ohio,  which  place  he  held  for  two  years.  Having  been 
elected  United  States  Senator,  he  took  his  seat  in  1824, 
and  was  appointed  Chairman  of  tlie.  Military  Committee,  in 
place  of  General  Jackson,  who  had  just  resigned  his  seat 
in  that  body.  In  1828  he  was  appointed,  by  President  John 
Quincy  Adams,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  Republic 
of  Colombia.  He  landed  at  Maracaibo,  December  22d, 
and  thence  proceeded  to  Bogota;  but  his  residence  there 
was  not  long,  as  he  was  recalled  immediately  on  Jackson’s 
accession  to  the  Presidency,  in  1829.  For  several  years 
after  his  return  he  took  no  active  part  in  political  affairs, 
but  lived  in  retirement  on  his  farm  at  North  Bend,  on  the 
Ohio,  a few  miles  below  Cincinnati.  Being  in  hut  mod- 
erate pecuniary  circumstances,  he  accepted  the  office  of 
Clerk  of  the  County  Court,  which  he  continued  to  hold  for 
the  next  twelve  years.  In  1836,  as  the  close  of  General 
Jackson’s  second  term  of  office  drew  nigh,  the  opposition 
were  somewhat  at  a loss  for  a candidate  for  the  Presidency. 
Webster  had  been  nominated  in  Massachusetts,  but  did 
not  find  much  support  out  of  that  State;  and  Henry  Clay 
did  not  care  to  become  a candidate  in  a contest  which  he 
regarded  as  hopeless.  The  success  which  had  attended 
General  Jackson  in  his  several  canvasses  for  that  high  office 
gave  rise  to  the  idea  of  adopting  a candidate  who  had 
military  reputation.  Harrison,  while  in  command  of  the 
Northwest  Department  during  the  war  of  1812,  had  en- 
joyed a high  popularity  in  the  West,  and  principally  on 
that  ground  he  was  now  brought  forward  as  a Presidential 
candidate.  His  character  was  unimpeachable,  his  retire- 
ment had  kept  him  out  of  the  sphere  of  party,  and  his 
position  as  a simple  citizen  seemed  to  identify  him  as  one 
of  the  people.  His  nomination,  seconded  by  the  anti- 
Masonic  party,  was  more  successful  than  many  had  antici- 
pated. He  received  seventy-three  electoral  votes,  a greater 
number  than  Clay  had  obtained  four  years  previously,  al- 
though Massachusetts,  rvhich  now  voted  for  Webster,  then 
had  given  her  suffrages  for  Clay.  Martin  Van  Buren  be- 
came the  President,  being  inaugurated  March  4th,  1837, 
and  in  less  than  ten  weeks  from  that  event  the  country  was 
convulsed  by  reason  of  the  State  banks  suspending  specie 
payments.  Trade  was  prostrated  and  financial  ruin  was 
predominant.  Business  houses  which  had  withstood  many 
a financial  panic  went  down  like  reeds  before  the  wind. 
This  state  of  things  was  seized  upon  by  the  opposition,  who 
put  the  blame  where  it  doubtless  properly  belonged,  to  the 
ruinous  measures  adopted  by  the  party  under  Jackson,  who 
had  made  war  against  the  “monster,”  as  the  United  States 
Bank  was  termed.  The  position  of  the  opposition  being 
thus  strengthened,  the  defeat  of  the  Democratic  party,  which 
had  renominated  Van  Luren  for  a second  term,  seemed 
practicable,  providing  the  anti-administration  party  could 
unite  on  a candidate.  Henry  Clay  was  again  brought 
forward,  and  his  claims  as  the  father  of  the  “American 
system”  of  protection  to  domestic  manufactures  were 


332 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCL0P.L;DIA. 


strongly  urged.  General  Scott  was  also  proposed.  The 
fact  that  both  these  gentlemen  were  Virginians  by  birth 
and  training  caused  their  partisans  to  believe  that  the 
prestige  attached  to  their  native  State  as  the  “ Mother  of 
Presidents”  would  somehow  be  to  their  advantage.  A 
national  .nominating  convention,  at  which  twenty-two 
States  were  represented,  met  at  Harrisburg,  December 
4th,  1839,  to  decide  between  them.  On  the  ground  of 
availalhlity  General  Harrison,  also  a native  of  Virginia, 
was  preferred,  and  received  the  nomination.  A very  ardent 
and  exciting  canvass  followed,  and  every  means  to  promote 
the  success  of  the  Whig  candidate  was  employed  by  his 
supporters  to  arouse  the  popular  enthusiasm.  Mass  meet- 
ings and  political  processions  were  now  first  introduced, 
and  that  canvass  marked  nn  era  in  the  style  of  conducting 
elections.  The  history  of  the  war  of  1812  was  eagerly 
read,  and  its  pages  carefully  scanned  for  details  of  the 
skirmishes  and  battles  in  which  he  had  led  the  American 
troops  to  victory.  Thus  the  4th  of  October  was  the  anni- 
versary of  the  battle  of  Chatham,  and  on  the  succeeding 
day  was  the  battle  of  the  Thames,  where  the  celebrated 
Indian  chief  Tecumseh  %vas  slain,  and  were  both  seized  upon 
by  the  Whigs,  who  celebrated  their  twenty-seventh  anni- 
versary from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the  other  as  had 
never  before  been  done,  and,  it  may  be  added,  was  never 
repeated.  The  slur  which  had  been  cast  on  General  Har- 
rison, that  he  lived  in  a “ log  cabin,”  with  nothing  to  drink 
but  “ hard  cider,”  was  also  made  use  of  as  an  electioneer- 
ing appeal.  Log  cabins  became  a regular  feature  in  politi- 
cal processions,  and  “ hard  cider  ” one  of  the  watchwords 
of  the  party.  Songs  were  written  and  sung  to  popular  airs, 
and  the  nominee  was  familiarly  called  “ Old  Tippecanoe,” 
in  allusion  to  the  repulse  of  the  Indians  on  the  battle-field 
of  that  name.  Canes  cut  from  trees  supposed  to  have 
grown  near  North  Bend,  the  home  of  the  General,  and 
mounted  with  miniature  cider  barrels  to  form  the  handle, 
were  manufactured  and  sold  by  thousands ; while  pocket- 
handkerchiefs  and  other  apparel  were  printed  with  favorite 
designs,  or  with  Harrison’s  portrait,  and  scattered  broad- 
cast throughout  the  country.  Political  caricatures  were  in 
vogue,  and  scarcely  a day  elapsed  that  some  new  one  was 
not  designed  and  published.  In  addition  to  all  this,  politi- 
cal feeling  ran  so  high  that,  where  different  members  of  the 
same  family  advocated  opposite  sides,  much  ill  blood  was 
stirred  up,  and  in  many  cases  personal  conflicts  took  place. 
In  the  autumn  the  election  was  held,  and  the  Whig  party 
swept  through  the  land  like  a tornado,  and  of  the  twenty- 
six  States  that  voted,  giving  294  electoral  votes,  William  H. 
Harrison  secured  234,  while  his  opponent  scored  but  60. 
The  popular  vote  was:  Harrison,  1,274,783;  Van  Buren, 
1,128,702,  and  Birney  (Abolitionist),  7609.  Harrison  was 
inaugurated,  March  4lh,  1841,  and  as  his  cabinet  was  ju- 
diciously composed  great  expectations  were  formed  of  his 
administration ; but  before  any  distinctive  line  of  policy 
could  be  established,  and  after  a brief  illness  of  but  eight 


d.ays,  su|)erinduced,  as  was  supposed,  by  the  fatigue  and 
excitement  incident  to  his  inauguration,  he  died,  April  4th, 
1S41,  and  was  interred  at  North  Bend,  Ohio. 


URLBUT,  HINMAN  BARRET,  Railroad  Presi- 
dent and  .Capitalist,  was  born,  July  29th,  1819,  in 
St.  Lawrence  county.  New  York.  His  father, 
Abiram  Hurlbut,  was  a Connecticut  farmer  who 
had  been  a soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
On  his  grandmother’s  side  he  was  descended 
from  Governor  Hinman,  of  Connecticut.  Until  fifteen 
years  of  age  he  attended  the  common  schools  and  worked 
on  the  farm ; then  he  went  out  into  the  world  without 
money  to  seek  his  fortune.  First,  he  found  employment  as 
a clerk  in  a store  in  VVaddington,  where  he  remained 
about  three  years.  In  1836  he  removed  to  Cleveland  and 
entered  his  brother’s  law  office  as  a student,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  August,  1839.  He  at  once  opened  an 
office  in  Massillon,  but  in  his  journey  to  that  town  his  last 
cent  was  expended,  his  only  stock  being  a few  sheets  of 
paper.  Pie  .soon  was  known  as  one  of  the  most  successful 
lawyers  in  a circuit  of  several  counties.  In  1846  he  formed 
a law  partnershijr  with  Hon.  I).  K.  Cartter,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  which 
proved  lucrative  and  extensive.  In  1S50  he  retired  from 
the  profession  of  law  and  engaged  in  the  banking  business, 
as  a member  of  the  firm  of  Hurlbut  & Vinton.  He  aided 
in  organizing  the  Merchants’  and  also  the  Union  Bank,  of 
Massillon.  He  was  a director  in  each  bank,  and  repre- 
sented ihe  Union  branch  of  the  Slate  Bank  of  Ohio  in  the 
State  Board  of  Control,  until  he  sold  his  interest  in  the 
bank.  He  subsequently  represented  the  Bank  of  Toledo  in 
the  same  Board,  until  the  expiration  of  its  charter.  In 
1852  he  removed  to  Cleveland  and  commenced  business 
under  the  name  of  Hurlbut  & Co.,  although  he  still  re- 
tained his  banking  interests  in  Massillon.  He  then  pur- 
chased the  charter  of  the  Bank  of  Commerce  and  reorgan- 
ized it  for  business,  with  Parker  Handy  as  President  and 
himself  as  Cashier.  A year  later  Mr.  Handy  resigned  and 
Joseph  Perkins  became  President.  The  capital  stock  of  the 
bank  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  it  became  the 
Second  National  Bank.  While  thus  managing  the  affairs 
of  the  bank  in  Cleveland,  he,  in  company  with  other 
capitalists,  purchased  the  charter  of  the  Toledo  branch  of 
the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  and  aided  in  its  management 
before  and  after  its  reorganization  as  a national  bank. 
In  November,  1865,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis. 
He  resigned  his  position  in  the  bank  as  Cashier,  and 
was  elected  Vice-President,  and  left  for  Europe  with 
the  hope  of  regaining  his  health.  He  returned  in 
1868,  much  improved,  but  refrained  from  active  busi- 
ness until  1 87 1,  when  he  was  chosen  Vice-President  of 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & Indianapolis  Rail- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDI  A. 


333 


road  Company.  Mr.  Hurlbut  has  ever  been  liberal  in 
aiding  benevolent  enterprises,  education,  literature,  and 
the  arts  and  sciences.  Being  the  President  and  chief 
founder  of  the  Cleveland  City  Hospital,  he  has  been  very 
generous  to  it  in  his  donations.  He  founded  the  Hurlbut 
Professorship  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  Western  Reserve 
College,  and  endowed  it  with  ^25,000,  and  was  for  many 
years  a Trustee  of  that  institution.  He  contributed  to 
every  charitable  institution  in  Cleveland  and  vicinity. 
During  the  great  war  of  the  rebellion  he  gave  money 
freely  to  support  the  army  and  benevolent  enterprises 
called  into  existence  by  that  struggle.  In  politics  he  was 
a Whig,  and  when  that  party  ceased  to  exist  he  became  a 
Republican.  He  was  a delegate  in  the  national  convention 
which  nominated  General  Taylor  to  the  Presidency.  He 
was  an  able  stump  speaker,  and  his  services  were  in  great 
demand  throughout  his  district.  As  a financier  he  was 
held  in  high  repute  wherever  known,  and  the  financial 
enterprises  with  which  he  was  connected  were  always, 
when  under  his  management,  remarkably  successful.  The 
most  discouraging  obstacles  were  overcome  by  his  great 
energy,  fearlessness  and  thorough  knowledge  of  financial 
matters.  In  private  life  he  indulged  in  a fine  taste  in 
painting,  music  and  horticulture.  In  the  latter  especially 
he  took  great  pride,  his  collection  of  plants  being  widely 
known  for  its  extent  and  variety.  In  1S40  he  was  married 
to  Jane  Elizabeth  Johnson,  of  Oneida  county.  New  York. 


(AVIS,  HON.  SIMON  STEVENS,  Merchant, 
Banker  and  ex-Mayor  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was 
born  at  Rockingham,  Windham  county,  Vermont, 
December  iptb,  1817.  He  is  a son  of  Hiram 
and  Melinda  (Stevens)  Davis,  and  like  most  of 
the  “ Yankee  boys  ” was  trained  to  hard  work 
upon  the  farm,  with  few  opportunities  for  book  education, 
except  the  few  months  he  spent  each  year  as  a pupil,  and 
afterward  as  a teacher,  in  the  common  schools.  He  left 
the  farm  in  1840,  and  spent  one  year  in  teaching  and  study 
at  Howell  Works,  New  Jersey;  but  the  ill  health  of  his 
father  recalled  him  to  the  farm  in  1841.  There  he  re- 
mained until  1843,  when  he  came  to  Cincinnati  and  re- 
mained in  that  city,  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans  until  he 
went  to  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1847.  He  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  there  and  in  New  York  city  until 
August,  1853,  when  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  estab- 
lished the  banking  house  of  S.  S.  Davis  & Co.,  which  he 
his  continued  to  the  present  time  f 1876).  During  the  war 
of  the  rebellion  he  was  most  active  in  his  support  of  the 
Union  arms,  and,  by  the  inauguration  of  a committee  system 
for  the  care  of  the  families  of  soldiers,  did  much  for  the 
encouragement  of  enlistments  and  the  alleviation  of  suffer- 
ing among  a class  which  appealed  s'rongly  to  the  sym- 
pathies of  a humane  and  patriotic  public.  During  his  life 


he  has  been  identified  with  the  Whig  and  Republican 
parties,  tbougb  he  has  never  made  a business  of  politics. 
He  served  with  efficiency  and  credit  in  the  City  Council, 
and  in  April,  1871,  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  for  two 
years.  Since  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  has  devoted  his 
lime  to  his  private  business,  except  so  much  as  is  taken  up 
in  attention  to  the  public  institutions  with  which  he  holds 
an  official  relation.  Among  others  he  is  a Trustee  of  the 
Protestant  Home  for  the  Friendless  and  Female  Guardian 
Society,  as  well  as  of  the  High  Schools  and  the  Cincinnati 
Relief  Union,  an  offshoot  of  the  Soldiers’  Relief  Committee. 
In  both  the  latter  he  has  been  a Trustee  for  fourteen  con- 
secutive years. 


OHNSON,  HON.  NATHAN  PORTER,  was  born 
in  Hartford,  Washington  county.  New  York,  Jan- 
uary 30th,  iSoi,  and  at  an  early  age  removed  to 
Champion,  Jefferson  county.  New  York,  where  he 
attended  a district  school.  In  1832  he  emigrated 
to  Lagrange,  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  and  there,  in 
the  course  of  time  and  events,  became  widely  and  favorably 
known  as  a prominent  and  influential  citizen,  and  as  an 
efficient  leader  in  political  movements  and  public  enter- 
prises. While  engaged  mainly  in  agricultural  pursuits,  he 
yet  devoted  a considerable  portion  of  his  time  to  study  and 
research,  and  uniformly  kept  well  abreast  with  modern 
progress.  In  1844  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  General 
Assembly  from  Lorain,  and  in  1846  secured  a re-election. 
Subsequently,  in  1848,  he  served  for  one  term  as  Senator 
from  Lorain  county.  For  many  years  also  he  officiated  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  during  the  last  fourteen  years  of  his 
life  held  the  position  of  Postmaster.  He  was  a supporter 
successively  of  the  Whig  and  Republican  parties.  He  was 
married,  October  20th,  1822,  to  Laura  Waite,  who  died  in 
January,  1846;  and  again,  August  13th,  1S46,  to  M.  R. 
Hart.  His  life  and  career  present  many  noteworthy  and 
admirable  points;  unvaryingly  faithful  in  the  discharge  of 
every  duty,  loyal  and  energetic  in  his  support  of  all  projects 
designed  to  further  the  general  welfare,  his  death  was  a 
serious  loss,  not  only  to  his  immediate  circle  of  relatives 
and  friends,  but  also  to  the  wider  circle  of  the  public.  He 
died  in  Lagrange,  Ohio,  December  22d,  1874. 


^ORGEY,  WILLIAM  S.,  Soldier  and  Lawyer,  was 
born.  May  nth,  1845,  on  a farm  in  Union  town- 
ship, Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  eighth 
of  a family  of  nine  sons.  He  worked  on  his 
father’s  farm,  attending  school  during  the  winter 
months,  until  September  15th,  1862,  when  he 
enlisted  in  the  United  States  service  for  three  years,  at 
Ironton,  in  Company  K of  the  2d  Ohio  Cavalry.  From 
that  place  the  recruits  went  to  Camp  Portsmouth,  then 


334 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 


under  the  command  of  Judge  Martin  Crain,  and  thence  to 
Camp  Dennison.  Company  K was  commanded  liy  Captain 
Woodward,  of  Dayton,  while  the  colonel  of  the  regiment 
was  K.  V.  Kantz.  Having  received  their  horses  and  full 
equipment  at  the  latter  camp,  they  were  sent  to  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  during  the  winter  of  1 862-63,  via  Covington, 
overhand,  where  they  passed  some  months.  Leaving  there 
they  marched  to  Somerset,  and  there,  being  attached  to  the 
23d  Corps,  participated  in  the  raid  on  Knoxville  and  East 
Tennessee,  under  General  Burnside,  and  were  in  all  the 
battles  and  skirmishes  that  occurred,  until  General  Long- 
street  was  driven  out  of  Eastern  Tennessee.  He  was  on 
the  celebrated  John  Morgan  raid,  from  the  time  that 
guerilla  chief  left  Kentucky,  through  the  Slates  of  Indiana 
and  Ohio,  and  in  all  the  battles  and  skirmishes  that  took 
place  between  the  two  contending  forces,  including  the 
battle  at  Buffington’s  Island,  until  he  was  captured  near  the 
Pennsylvania  line.  After  these  two  campaigns  were  ended 
the  2d  Ohio  Cavalry  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  over  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  Though  a 
member  of  Company  K of  that  regiment,  he  was  unable, 
through  sickness,  to  he  present  at  the  battles  of  the  Wilder- 
ness, in  which  they  participated  ; but  on  their  return  from 
that  hard-fought  field  he  joined  his  company  at  Camp 
Stoneman,  near  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
thence  went  into  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  under 
General  Sheridan,  General  George  A.  Custer  being  the 
brigade  commander.  He  took  part  in  all  the  conflicts  that 
occurred  in  that  valley,  including  the  battles  of  Winchester 
and  Cedar  Creek,  and  until  the  rebel  General  Early  left 
the  valley.  The  Union  cavalry  followed  in  pursuit  of  him 
up  the  valley,  frequently  skirmishing  with  portions  of  his 
command,  thence  out  to  the  James  River  Canal,  and  along 
the  line  of  that  canal  and  to  the  left  of  Richmond  and 
Petersburg,  until  they  reached  General  Grant’s  army.  Pass- 
ing to  the  south  of  Petersburg  his  regiment  participated  in 
raising  the  siege  of  that  city,  and  after  the  evacuation  they 
following  the  retreating  army  of  General  Lee,  fighting  them 
almost  every  d.iy.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  as 
well  as  all  the  others  that  occurred  in  that  pursuit;  as  also 
in  the  one  that  took  place  on  the  evening  of  the  8th  and 
the  morning  of  the  9th  of  April,  1S65,  in  front  of  Appomat- 
tox Court  House,  and  until  General  I.ee  surrendered  at 
that  place  on  the  last-named  day.  On  April  loth  his  regi- 
ment started  for  Petersburg,  which  they  reached  in  due 
time,  and  were  then  ordered  to  the  rear  of  General  John- 
son’s army.  When  they  had  reached  a point  of  one  day’s 
march  from  the  rear,  they  learned  that  he  had  surrendered, 
and  returned  at  once  to  Petersburg.  While  sojourning 
there  they  learned  of  President  Lincoln’s  death  by  the 
hands  of  a rebel  assassin.  Leaving  Petersburg  they  marched 
through  Richmond  and  to  Washington  City,  crossing  the 
Long  bridge  over  the  Potomac  river,  and  went  into  camp 
within  a few  miles  of  the  capital.  He  had  been  some  time 
previous  promoted  to  the  grade  of  Sergeant.  He  was  pres- 


ent at  the  grand  review  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the 
capital  city  of  the  nation — the  grandest  sight  ever  witnessed 
there — and  passing  out  the  regiment  was  placed  upon  the 
train  for  Parkersburg.  On  their  arrival  at  that  place  they 
found  two  steamers  ready  to  convey  them  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri;  one  of  them,  the  “Columbia,”  received  Company 
K,  and  in  the  early  jiart  of  June  they  landed  at  that  city. 
On  the  loih  day  of  that  month  he  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  at  Benton  Barracks.  lie  shortly  after  this  left  for 
home,  where  he  arrived  on  the  i6lh  of  June.  In  August 
of  the  same  year  he  entered  the  Ohio  University,  at  Athens, 
and  after  a year’s  sojourn  returned  home  and  taught  school 
for  a term.  He  next  entered  the  office  of  General  Enochs, 
to  commence  the  study  of  the  law,  and  in  the  autumn  of 
1867  became  a student  in  the  law  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor.  In  1S70  he  established 
a law  office  at  Ironton,  Ohio,  where  he  is  now  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 


«;i  SPIER,  ALBERT  WEISER,  Physician  and 
Health  Officer  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Suubury,  Northumberland  county,  Penn.sylvania, 
of  American  parentage  and  pure  Anglo-Saxon 
ancestry.  He  received  his  education  in  the  High 
School  and  academy  of  his  native  place,  and  after 
leaving  school  he  removed  to  Milton,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  engaged  as  a salesman  in  a drug  store.  After  remain- 
ing there,  so  occupied,  for  a time,  he  removed  to  Lewis- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  the  same  occupa- 
tion ; and  after  remaining  there  for  an  interval  he  returned 
to  Sunbury,  and  there  again  engaged  as  salesman  in  a drug 
store.  He  spent  three  years  and  a half  in  the  drug  stores 
of  Milton,  Lewisburg  and  Sunbury,  when  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  and  there  was  engaged  in  the  wholesale  drug 
store  of  Messrs.  Miller  & Elliott.  He  remained  with  them 
a year,  and  during  a part  of  that  time  attended  the  College 
of  Pharmacy.  At  the  end  of  the  year  he  returned  to  Sun- 
bury, his  native  place.  There  he  engaged  in  business  for 
himself,  as  a druggist,  and  at  the  same  time  performed  the 
duties  of  agent  for  Adams’  Express  Company.  He  re- 
mained so  engaged  from  1857  to  1S61,  and  in  the  mean- 
time he  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Jacob  B.  Masser, 
graduating  in  1861  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia.  In  the  month  of  October,  in  the  same  year, 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  57th  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  remained  with  the  regiment 
during  General  McClellan’s  campaign  in  West  Virginia, 
after  which  he  resigned  and  left  the  army.  In  November, 
1862,  he  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  has  ever 
since  resided.  In  Toledo  he  at  once  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  and  by  his  knowledge,  skill  and 
untiring  devotion  to  his  professional  duties  he  rapidly 
achieved  a solid  and  enduring  success.  He  soon  earned 


*1 


A 


• J . : ifc  .A 


GElJSRAli  WILLIAM  T.  rLflF^IvLAil . 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILLDIA. 


335 


and  has  steadily  sustained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the 
best  physicians  of  the  place,  and  is  in  the  enjoyment  of  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice.  His  professional  duties  occupy 
most  of  his  energies  and  most  of  his  time,  so  that  he  has 
little  leisure  to  bestow  upon  politics.  He  takes  the  interest 
of  a good  citizen  in  political  matters,  however,  and  his 
political  faith  is  that  of  a staunch  Republican.  On  the  ist 
of  January,  1S75,  elected  to  the  position  of  Health 

Officer  for  the  city,  and  performed  the  duties  of  the  position 
in  a manner  so  satisfactory  that  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
office  in  January,  1S76.  He  was  married  on  the  26th  of 
March,  1S61,  to  Mary  E.  Wise,  of  Sunbury,  Pennsylvania, 
and  their  marriage  has  been  blessed  by  five  children,  four 
boys  and  one  girl. 

HErvMAN,  WILLIAM  TECUMSEH,  General- 
in-Chief  of  the  United  States  Army,  was  born  in 
Lancaster,  Ohio,  February  Slh,  1820.  He  is  of 
English  extraction,  being  descended  from  the 
Shermans  of  New  England.  In  1634  two  bro- 
thers and  a cousin  of  that  name  emigrated  from 
the  county  of  Essex,  England,  and  joined  the  infant  colony  in 
Massachusetts  Bay.  One  of  these,  the  Hoh.  Samuel  Sher- 
man, afterwards  settled  in  Connecticut,  where  his  descendants 
flourished  and  prospered  for  nearly  two  hundred  years.  In 
1815  the  grandfather  of  the  future  general,  and  the  great- 
grandson  of  the  original  settler,  died,  and  his  widow  with 
her  family  sought  a home  in  the  West.  One  of  her  sons 
became  distinguished  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  in  1S23 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was  married 
in  1810  to  Mary  Hoyt,  an  intelligent,  Christian  woman,  and 
a member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Of  the  eleven  chil- 
dren born  to  them,  the  sixth  was  William  Tecumseh,  and 
the  eighth  the  present  Hon.  John  Sherman.  In  1829  Judge 
.Sherman  died  suddenly  of  cholera,  leaving  his  family  in 
straitened  circumstances.  It  had  been  his  wish  and  hope 
that  William  T.  should  be  given  a miiitaiy  education,  and 
had  named  him  after  the  Indian  chief  Tecumseh,  slain  in 
battle  but  a short  time  before  his  birth,  and  for  whom  he 
had  a great  respect.  Having  left  no  adequate  provision  for 
his  large  family,  it  was  agreed  among  his  brethren  of  the 
legal  profession  that  some  of  the  children  should  be  edu- 
cated and  supported  at  their  expense.  Hon.  Thomas 
Ewing  said  to  the  widow  that  he  must  have  the  smartest  of 
them,  and  thereupon  selected  “ Cump,”  as  he  was  called, 
then  nine  years  of  age.  He  became  an  inmate  of  the 
Ewing  family,  attending  school  and  growing  in  their  esteem 
for  the  next  seven  years.  Of  his  habits  Mr.  Ewing  says  : 
“ There  was  nothing  very  remarkable  about  him,  excepting 
that  I never  knew  so  young  a boy  who  would  do  an  errand 
so  correctly  and  promptly  as  he  did He  was  trans- 

parently honest,  faithful,  and  reliable.  Studious  and  correct 
in  his  habits,  his  progress  in  education  was  steady  and  sub- 
stantial.” Having  a vacancy  at  the  Academy  at  West 


Point  in  his  gift,  Mr.  Ewing  bestowed  it' upon  the  child  of 
his  old  friend.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Academy  in  June, 
1S36,  anti  remained  there,  with  the  exception  of  a two 
months’  furlough,  until  his  graduation  in  June,  1840.  He  was 
graduated  sixth  in  his  class,  and  was  assigned  to  the  artil- 
lery. It  had  been  the  wish  of  his  guardian  that  he  should 
graduate  in  the  engineer  corps,  but  this,  for  some  reason, 
was  not  possible.  While  at  the  Academy  he  kept  up  a cor- 
respondence with  his  future  wife,  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
Ewing,  and  wrote  in  a confiding  way  of  his  ambitions  and 
purposes  in  life.  For  two  years  after  his  graduation  he 
served  in  Florida,  mostly  on  garrison  duty,  although  he 
took  part  in  several  expeditions  against  the  Seminolcs.  In 
March,  1S42,  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Morgan,  at  the  entrance 
to  Mobile  Bay,  and  from  thence,  in  the  summer,  to  Fort 
Moultrie,  in  Charleston  harbor.  Here  a round  of  gayety 
with  the  aristocratic  Charlestonians  followed,  but  his  equable 
temperament  kept  him  from  dissipation  or  frivolity.  An 
officer’s  uniform  secured  admittance  to  the  best  society,  but 
his  heart  resisted  all  the  fascinations  to  which  it  W’as  ex- 
posed, and  remained  true  to  the  object  of  his  boyish  affec- 
tions. In  1843  obtained  a four  months’  furlough  to 
visit  the  family  of  his  guardian,  and  became  formally  en- 
gaged to  Ellen  Ewing.  He  was  next  assigned  to  duty  on  a 
board  of  officers  appointed  to  examine  the  claims  of  Georgia 
and  Alabama  militia  for  horses  lost  in  the  Seminole  war. 
He  now  became  a rather  hard  student,  and  begun  the  study 
of  that  topography  of  the  Southern  country  which  enabled 
him  to  so  successfully  prosecute  his  campaigns.  A dull 
military  routine  of  duty  for  the  next  year  or  so,  and  the 
Mexican  war  broke  out.  He  was  sent  to  Pittsburgh  on  re- 
cruiting service.  He  repeatedly  requested  to  be  sent  into 
more  active  service,  and  was  finally  sent  around  the  Cape, 
and  up  the  west  coast  of  .South  America;  on  reaching  Cali- 
fornia he  was  made  an  Aide-de-camp  to  General  Persifer  P'. 
Smith,  and  afterwards  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant-General  to 
Stephen  W.  Kearney.  He  really  saw  no  “ active  service  ” 
in  the  sense  that  he  understood  it,  but  he  discharged  his 
duties  with  such  ability  as  to  merit  jrraise  from  his  superiors. 
Returning  to  the  States,  he  was  married.  May  ist,  1850, 
to  Ellen,  daughter  of  Hon.  Thomas  Ewing,  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior.  Among  the  guests  at  the  wedding  were 
President  Taylor,  Daniel  Webster,  and  Henry  Clay.  His 
next  military  duty  was  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri,  and 
shortly  after  he  was  made  Brevet  Captain  for  “ meritorious 
services  in  California  during  the  war  with  Mexico,”  ami 
sent  as  commissary  first  to  .St.  Louis,  and  then  to  New  Or- 
leans. Becoming  tired  of  his  slow  progre.ss  in  military  life, 
and  its  dull  routine,  he  accepted  an  offer  from  a St.  Louis 
banking  house  to  manage  a branch  eslablisliment  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  on  the  6th  of  September,  1853,  resigned  his 
commission,  having  been  in  the  army  thirteen  years,  and  in 
military  life  seventeen,  if  his  cadetship  at  West  Point  is  in- 
cluded. During  the  next  four  years  he  was  at  his  post  in 
San  Francisco,  struggling  to  make  a success  of  his  new 


336 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


vetiUire.  At  last  he  left  California,  and  embarked  in  the 
sime  business  in  New  York,  but  gave  it  up  after  a brief 
trial,  and  joined  his  brothers-in-law,  the  Ewings,  in  Kansas, 
where  with  them  he  engaged  in  the  law  business.  Two 
years’  experience  in  this  field  disgusted  him,  and  he  con- 
cluded that  he  was  not  of  the  stuff  that  made  lawyers.  An 
advantageous  offer  that  he  received  about  this  time  no  doubt 
hastened  his  resolve  to  leave  the  law.  He  was  made  Super- 
intendent, and  Professor  of  Engineering,  Architecture  and 
Drawing  in  the  State  Seminary  of  Learning  and  Military 
Academy  of  Louisiana,  just  established.  Nearly  his  whole 
term  of  military  service  had  been  passed  in  the  South,  and 
his  political  opinions  were  known  to  be  strongly  Southern. 
But  the  unsettled  state  of  the  countiy  did  not  make  him  feel 
secure  in  the  position,  and  he  did  not  remove  his  family  to 
the  scene  of  his  new  duties.  As  the  excitement  grew  more 
threatening,  efforts  were  made  to  have  him  espouse  the 
cause  of  disunion.  He  was  found  to  be  very  efficient  in  his 
work,  which  made  it  all  the  more  desirable  to  retain  him  to 
aid  the  cause  of  the  South.  His  only  and  repeated  answer 
was  that  it  was  the  duty  of  a soldier  to  fight  for  the  flag  and 
the  government  to  which  he  had  sworn  allegiance.  The 
attitude  of  the  South  at  last  fired  his  patriotism,  and  he  re- 
signed in  a manly  letter  to  the  Governor  of  Louisiana,  as 
follows  : 

.Sir  : As  I occupy  a quasi  military  position  under  this 
St.ate,  I deem  it  proper  to  acquaint  you  that  I accepted  such 
a position  when  Louisiana  was  a State  in  the  Union,  and 
when  the  motto  of  the  seminary  inserted  in  marble  over  the 
main  door  was  : “ By  the  liberality  of  the  general  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States:  The  Union — Esto  perpetua." 
Recent  events  foreshadow  a great  change,  and  it  becomes 
all  men  to  choose.  If  Louisiana  withdraws  from  the  Fed- 
eral Union,  I prefer  to  miintain  my  allegiance  to  the  old 
Constitution  as  long  as  a fragment  of  it  survives,  and  my 
longer  stay  here  would  be  wrong  in  every  sense  of  the  word. 
. . . . I beg  you  to  take  immediate  steps  to  relieve  me  as 
Superintendent  the  moment  the  .State  determines  to  secede, 
for  on  no  earthly  account  will  I do  any'act  or  think  any 
thought  hostile  to  or  in  defiance  of  the  old  government  of 
the  United  Stales. 

He  departed  for  St.  Louis  at  once,  where  he  entered  into 
street  railway  speculation,  and  became  President  of  the 
Fifth  street  line.  About  the  time  President  Lincoln  was  in- 
augurated he  went  to  Washington.  His  brother,  Hon. 
John  Sherman,  had  just  been  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  to  succeed  Salmon  P.  Chase,  and  it  seemed  likely 
that  his  influence  would  be  beneficial.  He  talked  freely 
of  the  situation,  and  tried  to  impress  Mr.  Idncoln  with  its 
danger.  He  volunteered  his  services  in  any  capacity. 
“ We  shall  not  need  many  men  like  you,”  said  the  hopeful 
President;  “the  affair  will  soon  blow  over.”  At  last  he 
made  application  for  the  Chief  Clerkship  in  the  War  De- 
jiartment,  and,  although  strongly  backed,  failed  to  secure 
the  place.  When  Josejdi  E.  Johnston  resigned  the  Quarter- 
master-Generalship to  enter  the  rebel  service,  he  applied  for 
this  position,  but  failed  again.  When  the  call  for  seventy- 


five  thousand  troops  was  made,  he  denounced  it  as  folly, 
saying  that  the  whole  North  should  oi'ganize  at  once  for  a 
desperate  struggle.  .So  warningly  did  he  represent  the  danger 
of  the  hour  that  he  was  looked  upon  as  an  alarmist.  He 
was  advised  to  go  home  to  Ohio,  and  obtain  a command, 
but  he  refused  and  made  his  way  back  to  St.  Louis,  much 
disgusted  with  the  situation  of  affairs.  But  his  thoughtful 
brother  did  not  neglect  his  interests.  An  order  came  to 
strengthen  the  regular  army  with  eleven  new  regiments,  and 
he  was  given  the  command  of  one  of  them,  the  13th  Infantry. 
In  the  movement  upon  Manassas  he  w’as  given  command 
of  a brigade.  In  the  battle  that  ensued  he  acquitted  him- 
self admirably.  His  force  were  infected  by  the  panic  that 
followed,  and  he  reported  their  retreat  as  “ disorderly  in 
the  extreme.”  Influence  was  brought  to  bear  to  make  him 
a brigadier-general,  and  he  received  his  commission,  August 
3d,  1861,  the  same  to  date  from  May  17th  previous.  About 
the  last  of  August  he  was  sent  to  the  Department  of  Ken- 
tucky, then  in  command  of  General  Robert  Anderson,  of 
•Sumter  fame.  When  Anderson  retired  on  account  of  ill 
health,  he  found  himself  in  command  of  the  department. 
But  he  did  not  please  the  government  in  his  new  field — in 
fact,  became  decidedly  unpopular  with  the  people — and 
was  relieved  and  sent  to  Benton  Barracks,  Missouri,  to  drill 
raw  recruits.  Here  he  stayed  until  the  spring  of  1862,  when 
Halleck  drew  him  forth  from  his  retirement  and  placed  him 
at  Paducah  to  attend  to  the  forwarding  of  troops  and  supplies 
in  Grant’s  movement  on  F'ort  Donelson.  He  was  afterwards 
given  the  command  of  a division  in  the  movement  up  the 
Tennessee,  and  at  Pittsburgh  Landing  he  was  in  the  ad- 
vance. In  this  engagement  his  division  was  much  cut  up 
and  demoralized,  but  he  himself  behaved  with  great  gal- 
lantry, doing  much  to  check  the  reigning  confusion,  which 
at  one  time  seemed  likely  to  result  in  a panic-stricken 
retreat.  He  was  slightly  wounded,  and  had  three  horses 
shot  under  him.  Halleck  reported  to  the  government,  with 
the  general  approval  of  his  officers,  that  “ General  Sherman 
saved  the  fortunes  of  the  day  on  the  6th,  and  contributed 
largely  to  the  glorious  victory  on  the  yih.”  He  was  recom- 
mended for,  and  accordingly  promoted  to,  a major-general- 
ship. He  took  an  important  part  in  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
was  quick  and  daring  in  all  his  movements,  and  his  division 
was  the  first  to  occupy  the  town.  He  was  now  ordered 
further  westward,  and  was  eventually  sent  to  Memphis  to 
take  charge  of  the  district.  He  adopted  vigorous  measures 
here  to  suppress  guerilla  warfare,  and  to  ferret  out  the  spies 
with  which  Memphis  swarmed.  He  supported  Grant  in  his 
first  effort  to  reduce  Vicksburg.  The  movement  was  unsuc- 
cessful, as  the  rebels  were  too  strongly  fortified.  His  com- 
mand was  badly  repulsed,  and  he  reluctantly  withdrew. 
He  fell  into  unpopularity  again  for  a time,  was  relieved, 
and  reduced  to  the  command  of  two  divisions.  Although 
deeply  chagrined,  he  never  faltered  in  his  determination  to 
serve  his  country  in  any  capacity.  He  accompanied  his  late 
command  in  a subordinate  position  on  the  expedition  up  the 


LIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLORLDIA. 


337 


Arkansas  river  to  Arkansas  Post.  In  this  successful  move- 
ment the  commanding  general  spoke  of  him  as  “ exhibiting 
his  usual  activity  and  enterprise.”  In  the  next  movement 
on  Vicksburg  he  was  the  adviser  and  friend  of  Grant,  who 
had  never  lost  confidence  in  him.  He  was  assigned  to  the 
left  in  this  effort  to  take  the  city,  and  acquitted  himself  well 
in  whatever  he  undertook.  When  the  rebels  had  been 
badly  beaten,  and  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  had  fairly  opened, 
he  was  sent  off  with  a force  to  watch  Johnston,  who  was 
endeavoring  to  relieve  the  city.  The  latter  was  badly  de- 
feated, fleeing  m confusion  and  destroying  his  stores.  The 
great  success  that  attended  this  movement  against  Johnston 
drew  from  Grant  warm  praise  in  his  reports.  lie  was  given 
a Brigadier-General’s  commission  in  the  regular  army.  The 
country,  so  fickle  in  its  likes  and  dislikes,  now  began  to 
applaud  him.  The  existing  system  of  recruiting  the  army 
arrested  his  attention  al)out  this  time,  and  he  wrote  a letter 
to  the  Governor  of  Ohio  proposing  a new  plan.  He  urged 
him  to  discountenance  and  prevent  the  forming  of  new  regi- 
ments, or  the  consolidation  of  old  ones,  and  to  fill  up  those 
in  the  field  to  the  full  standard.  He  argued  that  the  old 
regiments  were  officered  by  men  of  military  experience,  and 
therefore  better  able  to  handle  raw  recruits.  No  wiser 
policy  of  recruiting  was  presented  to  the  government  during 
the  war.  In  such  discussions  of  war  policy,  and  in  elaborate 
letters  urging  his  views,  in  the  miscellaneous  work  of  the 
corps,  and  in  the  pleasant  reception  of  a visit  from  his 
family,  hut  which  had  a sad  sequel  in  the  loss  of  a favorite 
child,  the  summer  passed  away.  In  the  meantime,  while 
lying  thus  idle,  attention  was  directed  to  the  danger  of 
Rosecrans.  That  general,  with  an  inadequate  force,  was 
making  his  way  toward  Chattanooga.  So,  in  the  early  fall, 
with  all  the  troops  that  could  be  spared  he  was  sent  to  co- 
operate with  Rosecrans,  as  it  was  supposed  that  Johnston 
and  Longstreet  would  strengthen  the  rebel  force  opposed  to 
him.  Not  realizing  the  full  danger  of  the  situation,  he  was 
slow  in  his  movements,  and  tarried  at  different  places  to 
repair  railroads,  and  it  was  fully  two  months  before  he 
reached  Chattanooga.  There  was  some  sharp  skirmishing 
along  the  route.  In  the  succeeding  actions  at  Lookout 
Mountain  and  Mission  Ridge  he  bore  himself  well,  although 
he  did  not  carry  off  the  honors  of  the  day.  With  his  wearied 
men  he  at  once  pushed  on  to  the  relief  of  Burnside  at  Knox- 
ville, and  arrived  near  that  place  in  less  than  a week.  The 
troops  having  now  had  some  three  months  of  ceaseless 
activity  required  rest,  but  their  commander  seemed  to  need 
none,  for  he  at  once  set  about  to  inspect  the  department 
that  had  been  assigned  to  him  while  on  the  march  to 
Chattanooga.  He  was  now  given  command  of  an  expedi- 
tion to  secure  the  .safer  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  by  de- 
stroying the  railroads  by  which  the  rebels  reached  it,  and 
then  establishing  military  posts  in  the  interior  to  keep  guer- 
illas away  from  its  banks.  With  a large  force  he  disap- 
peared from  view,  emerging  again  after  a month’s  absence, 
having  destroyed  long  stretches  of  railroads,  depots,  arsenals, 
43 


and  public  stores,  and  spread  alarm  among  the  people  of 
Mississippi.  He  subsisted  his  army  on  the  people,  as  in  the 
memorable  march  to  the  sea.  Some  time  after  this  he  was 
appointed  to  the  chief  command  between  the  Mississippi 
and  the  Alleghenies.  He  was  summoned  to  meet  Grant, 
then  made  Lieutenant-General,  at  Nashville,  and  he  trav- 
elled as  far  north  with  h’m  as  Cincinnati.  It  would  cover 
too  much  space  to  detail  his  movement  against  Atlanta,  first 
opposed  to  Johnston  and  then  Hood.  The  rebels  fought 
desperately,  and  although  outnumbered  two  to  one,  contested 
the  ground  inch  by  inch,  and  fought  as  bravely  as  men  ever 
did.  The  fall  of  Atlanta  was  dearly  earned,  and  the  cam- 
paign was  attended  with  great  sacrifice  on  both  sides.  The 
invader  now  began  to  develop  his  plans  for  his  “march  to 
the  sea,”  with  all  its  attendant  but  unavoidable  horrors. 
“ War  is  cruelty,  and  you  cannot  refine  it,”  vvere  his  mem- 
orable words  at  the  outset.  Towards  the  close  of  September 
his  plans  were  somewhat  matured.  After  a month  or  so  of 
inactivity  on  the  part  of  the  army,  in  which  he  was  preparing 
plans  to  circumvent  Hood,  whose  mysterious  movements 
puzzled  him,  he  placed  as  many  men  as  he  could  spare 
under  General  Thomas  to  watch  him,  and  on  the  12th  of 
November,  1864,  disappeared  from  the  Northern  gaze,  and 
the  “ march  ” had  commenced.  His  objective  point  was 
not  known  to  the  public,  and  the  country  was  mystified  at 
his  disappearance.  Even  the  government  could  learn  noth- 
ing of  him,  except  from  the  Richmond  papers  passed 
through  the  lines — a very  lame  source  indeed,  but  neverthe- 
less eagerly  sought.  He  had  with  him  sixty-five  thousand 
men,  and  these  spread  over  a breadth  of  thirty  miles, 
“ marching  through  Georgia.”  But  the  rebels  were  as  be- 
wildered as  the  government  was  ignorant,  and  even  the 
cavalry  sent  to  harass  him  were  perplexed  as  to  his  destina- 
tion. A comparatively  small  force  could  have  compelled 
him  to  concentrate,  and  thus  prevent  the  wide  devastation 
in  his  wake.  But  in  this  very  uncertainty  lay  his  safety,  for 
the  rebel  force  was  scattered  and  placed  on  garrison  duty  in 
the  threatened  towns.  In  twenty-four  days  his  army  had 
marched  from  Atlanta  to  Savannah,  a distance  of  over  three 
hundred  miles.  But  little  resistance  was  made,  except  in  a 
few  skirmishes  with  insignificant  numbers  of  cavalry.  His 
loss  on  the  march  was  five  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  of  whom 
but  sixty-three  were  killed,  and  two  hundred  and  forty-five 
wounded.  His  only  misfortune  was  his  failure,  through  the 
mistake  of  Kilpatrick,  to  liberate  the  poor  Union  prisoners 
at  Mlllen.  To  the  very  last  the  mystification  was  kept  u]i. 
Many  writers  have  censured  him  for  his  relentless  severity 
to  the  inhabitants,  but  he  believed  in  making  war  horrible 
while  it  lasted,  and  he  was  determined  that  the  hot-bed  of 
treason  should  experience  a little  of  what  the  Unionists  of 
the  border  had  been  suffering  for  a long  time.  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  helpless  women  and  innocent  children  were 
compelled  to  suffer  these  horrors,  but  it  is  equally  to  be  re- 
gretted that  there  was  cause  for  the  invasion.  The  whole 
North  was  aglow  with  the  story  of  the  march,  and  many 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


33S. 

thought  in  the  excitement  of  the  hour  that  the  severest 
l)unishment  would  be  far  too  mild,  forgetting  that  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  able-bodied  population  of  these  States  were 
either  conscripts  or  enlisted  soldiers  in  the  rebel  army,  and 
far  away  from  tbeir  defenceless  families.  At  one  time  it 
was  intended  to  transport  the  victorious  army  by  water  to 
the  aid  of  Grant  before  Richmond,  but  this  was  abandoned, 
and  the  army  took  u])  its  march  through  the  Carolinas,  in 
pursuance  of  his  policy  that  the  speediest  method  of  closing 
the  war  was  to  impoverish  the  enemy.  Columbia,  the 
capital  of  South  Carolina,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  march- 
ing army,  and  was  soon  after  destroyed  by  fire.  The  com- 
manding general  has  been  blamed  for  this,  some  saying  it 
was  done  through  his  orders.  W hen  he  rode  into  the  town 
large  piles  of  cotton,  which  Wade  Hampton  had  fired,  lay 
smouldering  in  the  streets.  His  soldiers  made  an  attempt 
to  extinguish  it,  but  were  not  so  successful  as  they  supposed, 
for  in  the  night  the  fire  broke  out  anew,  consuming  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  city.  The  General  says  the  enemy  him- 
,self  had  burned  the  city,  “ not  from  malicious  intent,  but 
from  folly  and  want  of  sense.”  In  the  same  paragraph  he 
says  : “ Officers  and  men  not  on  duty,  including  the  officers 
who  had  long  been  imprisoned  there,  may  have  assisted  in 
spreading  the  fire  after  it  had  once  begun,  and  may  have 
indulged  in  unconcealed  joy  to  see  the  ruin  of  the  capital 
of  South  Carolina.”  The  matter  has  been  a subject  of  con- 
troversy since  the  war,  and  there  are  those  who  will  always 
blame  the  Gener.1l  as  the  author  of  the  calamity.  The  army 
marched  pitilessly  on,  destroying  much  valuable  property. 
The  brave  Johnston,  again  in  command,  but  only  of  the 
fragments  of  his  once  fine  army,  made  an  unsuccessful  but 
bold  resistance.  But  one  attack,  and  that  desperate  in  its 
character,  was  made  upon  the  Union  troops,  and  this  was 
repulsed  wiih  great  loss.  And  thus  ended  the  campaign  of 
the  Carolinas.  The  victor  was  heralded  as  the  greatest  hero 
of  modern  times,  and  parallels  sought  in  vain.  The  bril- 
liancy of  the  march  was  the  all  absorbing  topic  of  the  hour. 
The  General  made  a hasty  visit  to  Grant,  where  he  met  and 
received  the  congratulations  of  the  President.  He  then  re- 
turned to  his  command,  and  put  into  operation  the  plan  to 
make  a jointure  with  Grant.  Before  he  had  fairly  com- 
menced came  the  news  of  Lee’s  flight.  Pushing  vigorously 
after  Johnston,  the  latter  retreated  to  Raleigh.  W’hile  fol- 
lowing him  up  there  came  the  news  of  Lee’s  surrender.  A 
])roposition  from  Johnston  to  do  likewise  followed.  The 
terms  of  the  surrender  were  refused  by  the  Cabinet  at 
Washington,  and  Lieutenant-General  Grant  heartily  ap- 
proved its  action.  The  General  afterwards  admitted  his 
folly,  which  consisted  in  discussing  the  political  status  of 
the  South  in  the  terms  of  surrender.  He  immediately  re- 
commenced his  operations  against  the  enemy,  who  finally 
surrendered  on  a fairer  and  less  conditional  basis.  After 
the  surrender  he  began  to  prepare  for  the  mustering  out  of 
his  army,  went  further  south,  and  then  returned  for  the 
“grand  review  ” at  Washington.  His  action  in  the  first 


proposition  from  Johnston  to  surrender  caused  ill-feeling 
between  himself  and  Secretary  Stanton,  but  the  general 
verdict  was  that  he  had  committed  an  indiscretion,  and  he 
came  very  near  falling  into  unpopularity  through  it.  Noth- 
ing but  his  brilliant  “march  to  the  sea”  saved  him.  After 
the  war  what  errors  he  had  committed  were  soon  forgotten, 
and  he  was  loaded  with  honors.  A fine  residence  at  St. 
Louis  was  presented  to  him.  After  the  grade  of  General 
was  created  for  Grant,  he  succeeded  to  the  vacant  Lieu- 
tenant-Generalcy.  He  was  assigned  to  the  frontier  to  look 
after  the  Indians.  He  has  ever  believed  in  an  aggressive 
policy  toward  these  children  of  the  forest,  and  has  no  very 
high  opinion  of  them.  But  he  has  never  been  allowed  to 
fully  have  his  way  in  this.  The  tragic  death  of  Canby 
would  never  have  occurred  had  he  been  in  full  power  in 
controlling  the  Indian,  for  he  would  never  have  brooked 
tlie  interference  of  a civilian  in  any  of  his  plans.  He 
believes  in  bringing  the  Indian  to  terms,  or  exterminating 
him,  and  heartily  disapproves  of  the  “Quaker”  policy  of 
petting  them.  All  this  is  consistent  with  his  conduct  in  the 
war.  The  most  triumphant  general  in  this  confiict,  he  was 
also  the  most  stern  in  his  orders,  making  the  enemy’s 
country  support  his  vast  army,  even  though  it  deprived  them 
of  their  last  crust.  No  general  of  the  war  was  more  loved 
by  his  troops,  and  none  more  solicitous  for  their  welfare. 
After  General  Grant  was  elected  to  the  Presidency,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  vacant  Generalship  of  the  army,  which  position 
he  still  holds.  The  head-quarters  of  the  army  having  been 
transferred  from  Washington  to  St.  Louis,  he  now  resides 
in  the  latter  city.  Recently  he  has  published  a work  in 
review  of  the  war,  and  his  very  plain  language  in  reference 
to  men  and  events  connected  therewith  raised  quite  a buzz 
about  his  ears.  The  book  has  had  an  immense  sale,  not  a 
newspaper  in  the  land  having  failed  to  notice  it  in  lengthy 
review.  Many  military  officers  have  felt  aggrieved  at  his 
strictures  upon  them,  but  he  bears  it  all  with  stoical  indif- 
ference. To  define  the  General  politically  would  be  a diffi- 
cult undertaking,  but  he  may  be  said  to  be  rather  conserva- 
tive than  otherwise.  Of  late  years  his  name  has  been  fre- 
quently mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Presidency,  and 
so  persistently  within  the  last  twelve  months  that  he  deemed 
it  necessary  to  write  a letter,  which  found  its  way  into  all 
the  journals  of  the  da}',  denying  that  he  was  a candidate  for 
the  office,  or  that  he  would  become  one  under  any  circum- 
stances. He  was  reared  a Roman  Catholic,  but  is  not  a 
communicant  of  the  church  now.  At  least  he  has  so  ex- 
pressed himself  in  a recent  communication.  The  mother 
of  his  children  is  a strict  Roman  Catholic,  and  they  have 
been  reared  as  such.  The  constant  newspaper  discussion 
in  regard  to  this  is  very  distasteful  to  him,  as  he  has  broad 
and  liberal  views  in  matters  of  this  kind,  and  only  came 
under  Catholic  influences  when  he  entered  Mr.  Ewing’s 
family  at  the  age  of  nine.  In  person  he  is  above  the  middle 
height,  spare,  thin,  and  sometimes  careless  in  dress.  This 
carelessness  especially  characterized  his  appearance  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


339 


field.  His  face  is  narrow,  widening  at  the  top  into  a capa- 
cious forehead.  There  is  nothing  about  him  that  would 
attract  attention  when  his  features  are  in  repose,  init  in  con- 
vei-salion  he  brightens  up  and  appears  at  once  a different 
person,  lie  is  domestic  in  his  habits,  having  a strong  love 
for  children  and  the  comforts  of  home. 


(P  ^ 


Q 


I 


f 


i)UCE,  CII/VRLES  LEVERETT,  Merchant,  was 
born  in  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  August  I2th, 
1826.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  When  about  ten  years  of  age  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Indiana,  remaining 
there  until  he  attained  his  majority,  and  being 
employed  a portion  of  the  time  on  his  father’s  farm,  and  the 
remainder  in  his  carding  and  cloth-dressing  mill.  Having 
become  tired  of  this  occupation  he  effected  an  engagement 
as  a clerk  in  a dry-goods  store,  where  he  remained  a year, 
and  when  twenty-three  years  of  age  commenced  business 
on  his  own  account  in  general  merchandise.  Pie  continued 
in  the  same  until  1S65,  when,  closing  out  his  stock,  he  re- 
moved to  Toledo,  and  formed  a copartnership  with  two  asso- 
ciates, establishing  the  firm  of  Luce,  Chapin  & Bloss,  which 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  dry-goods  trade.  This  partnership 
existed  for  the  space  of  nine  years,  when  it  expired  by  limi- 
tation, in  1874.  He  then  purchased  the  interests  of  the 
retiring  partners,  himself  continuing  the  business.  During 
the  existence  of  the  firm  alreidy  named,  the  senior  partner 
was  largely  instrumental  in  building  up  a trade  which  is 
second  to  none  in  the  city,  and  to  his  energy,  indomitable 
perseverance  and  business  ability,  the  great  patronage  and 
excellent  reputation  that  the  house  sustains  through  the 
States  is  wholly  due.  The  business  is  still  increasing  under 
his  personal  supervision,  and  is  not  confined  to  his  native 
State,  but  extends  through  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Wisconsin  and  Nebraska,  and  also  to  the  Territory  of  Mon- 
tana, evidencing  that  by  his  business  tact  and  great  courage 
he  is  determined  to  extend  the  reputation  of  his  house.  In 
political  ideas  he  has  been  an  old-line  Whig,  and  is  now  a 
Republican.  Although  frequently  importuned  to  accept 
office,  he  has  steadily  refused. 


entered  the  army  in  1S61  as  a private  soldier  in  Company  B, 
22d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry ; served  four 
months  in  the  campaigns  of  West  Virginia;  was  promoted 
to  be  corporal  and  mustered  out  as  fourth  sergeant.  The 
quota  of  Ohio  being  full,  he  enlisted  again  as  a private  sol- 
dier in  Company  K,  5lh  West  Virginia  Infantry;  soon  after 
was  appointed  First  Lieutenant  in  this  company ; was  pro- 
moted to  a Captaincy  in  1862,  and  assigned  to  the  command 
of  Company  E of  that  regiment.  In  1S63  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  in  1864,  the  8th  and 
9th  West  Virginia  Infantry  regiments  being  consolidated  by 
order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  new  regiment.  For  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  on  the  field  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General, 
and  was  mustered  out  in  July,  1863.  General  Enochs  in 
1862  was  with  Fremont  in  his  Shenandoah  valley  campaign, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Cross  Keys  and  .Strasburg. 
He  was  with  General  Pope-  in  his  Virginia  campaigns  of 
Freeman’s  Ford,  Sulphur  Springs,  W’aterloo  Bridge,  Second 
Battle  of  Bull  Run,  Chantilly.  When  his  command  re- 
turned to  \Vest  Virginia  in  1863,  his  regiment  re-enlisted  as 
veterans,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864  he  was  with  Crook  and 
Hunter  in  their  raid  to  Lynchburg.  Returning,  he  joined 
Sheridan’s  army  at  Harper’s  Ferry,  and  was  with  .Sheridan 
in  all  his  battles  in  the  .Shenandoah  v.alley,  Virginia,  and 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Sep- 
tember 19th,  1864.  He  was  in  active  service  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  close  of  the  war.  It  is  claimed  by  good 
authority  that  his  regiment  was  the  best  drilled  and  disci- 
plined in  the  army.  General  Enochs  studied  law  on  the 
march  or  in  camp  as  he  could,  and  on  being  mustered  out, 
entered  the  Citicinnali  Law  .School,  and  graduated  there  in 
1866.  In  1867  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ghio,  where  he  served 
during  the  sessions  of  1870  and  1871.  This  Legislature 
passed  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  which  measure  was  earnestly  supported  and 
voted  for  by  the  general.  At  the  close  of  the  session  of 
1871  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  General  Enochs  is 
five  feet  eight  inches  high,  and  weighs  one  hundred  and 
seventy-five  pounds.  He  was  married  in  1874  to  Annis 
Hamilton.  They  are  now  residents  of  the  city  of  Ironton. 


NOCH.S,  W.  1 1.,  was  born  in  what  is  now  Noble 
county,  Ohio,  on  March  29th,  1842.  He  is  the 
son  of  Henry  Enochs,  who  was  one  of  the  first 
white  children  in  the  boundaries  of  the  above 
county.  The  grandfather  of  the  general  was 
Elisha,  who  settled  near  where  the  town  of 
Carlisle  now  stands.  The  grandfather  was  in  the  war 
of  1812.  The  general  was  raised  on  a farm  until  he  was 
eighteen  years  old,  attending  school  in  the  winters  only. 
He  taught  school  and  went  to  college  at  the  Ohio  University  ; 


^RANNIS,  JOHN  C.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Novem- 
ber loth,  1825,  at  Woodstock,  Vermont,  and  is  a 
son  of  John  Grannis,  originally  from  Claremont, 
New  Hampshire.  When  very  young  the  family 
removed  to  Canada,  where  his  father  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  a member  of  the 
Provincial  Parliament.  He  was  a member  of  that  body  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  of  1837-38,  and  during  those 
troubles  removed  to  Ohio,  locating  at  Oberlin.  Voung 
Grannis  entered  Oberlin  College  in  1841,  and  after  intrsuing 


340 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILLDIA. 


the  usual  four  years’  course,  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  1845.  During  the  winter  vacations  he  taught  school  in 
order  to  meet  the  expenses  of  his  education.  After  gradu- 
ating, he  removed  to  Cleveland,  where  he  entered  the  office 
of  Payne,  Wilson  & Wade,  whom  he  had  selected  as  his 
preceptors  in  the  study  of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848,  and  shortly  thereafter  formed  a copartnership 
with  Hon.  S.  O.  Griswold,  with  a view  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1852  he  was  elected  City  Attorney,  to  which 
office  he  was  re-elected.  He  w.as  appointed  Collector  of 
Customs  for  the  port  of  Cleveland  by  President  Lincoln,  and 
was  Presidential  Elector  in  1872.  The  same  year  he  was 
elected  a member  of  City  Councils.  At  present  ( 1875)  he  is 
engrossed  by  the  duties  of  his  profession.  His  specialty  is 
admir.alty  practice,  in  which  he  stands  very  high.  He  was 
married  in  1S56  to  Flora  M.,  daughter  of  O.  J.  Wheaton,  of 
Syracuse,  New  York,  and  is  the  father  of  four  sons. 


:00K,  GENERAL  ROBERT  LATIMER,  was 
born  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  December  28ih, 
1S27.  His  father  was  Major  Daniel  McCook, 
who  gave  to  the  service  of  the  Union  eight  sons, 
three  of  whom  were  killed.  He  himself,  although 
olil  and  infirm,  entered  the  service  after  the  mur- 
der of  his  son  Robert  by  guerillas,  and  was  mortally  wounded 
by  Morgan’s  men  at  Buffington  Island,  July  21st,  1863. 
Robert  grew  up  a remarkably  vigorous  lad,  mentally  and 
physically.  Until  the  age  of  fifteen  he  attended  school, 
when  he  entered  ihe  office  of  his  father,  who  was  then  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Carroll  county,  as  deputy.  He  was  a grave 
and  studious  boy,  rather  old-fashioned  in  his  manner.  In 
the  office  he  became  familiar  with  legal  forms,  and  soon 
conceived  a strong  liking  for  the  law.  He  was  first  placed 
under  the  tutorship  of  Hon.  Ephraim  R.  Eckley,  but  con- 
cluded his  studies  at  Steubenville,  and  began  the  practice 
of  law  there.  Rising  steadily  in  his  profession,  he  removed 
to  Columbus,  and  finally  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he 
formed  a partnership  with  Judge  Stallo,  a prominent  German 
lawyer.  The  firm  w.as  in  very  successful  practice  when  the 
aval'  broke  out.  His  law  business  had  brought  him  a large 
))ractice  and  social  acquaintance  among  the  Germans,  and 
he  was  at  once  selected  by  them  as  commander  of  the  first 
German  troops  raised  in  Ohio.  In  .'X.pril,  1861,  he  was 
commissioned  Colonel  of  the  9th  Ohio  Volunteers  (three 
months’  service).  At  the  end  of  their  term  of  service  the 
naen  re-enlisted  for  three  years.  Ilis  regiment  acquitted 
itself  with  gallantry  in  several  engagements,  and  he  was 
commissioned  a Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers.  Given  a 
brigade  under  General  Buell,  he  insisted  that  his  old  com- 
mand should  be  included  therein.  In  his  new  position  he 
did  good  service.  In  the  second  year  of  the  war  he  fell 
sick  with  the  camp  dysentery,  and  was  urged  to  leave  the 
service  for  a time.  This  he  refused  to  do,  and  accompanied 


his  brigade  in  an  ambulance.  The  guerilla  Morgan  had 
commenced  his  depredations.  The  division  of  which  the 
sick  general’s  brigade  was  a part  was  ordered  to  go  in  pur- 
suit. On  the  5th  of  August,  1862,  while  in  the  advance  and 
almost  unprotected,  his  ambulance  was  surrounded  by 
guerillas.  Although  he  offered  to  surrender,  he  was  mor- 
tally wounded  by  a shot  from  a weapon  in  the  hands  of  a 
guerilla  named  Prank  Gurley.  The  assassins  did  not  cap- 
ture their  victim,  and  he  was  carried  to  a neighboring  house, 
where,  after  being  discovered  by  his  command,  he  died  on 
the  following  d.ay.  This  murder  was  one  of  the  gi'eatest 
outrages  perpetrated  by  the  guerillas.  He  had  great  affec- 
tion for  the  soldiers  of  the  9th  Regiment,  and  they  were 
with  difficulty  restrained  from  perpetrating  acts  unworthy  of 
their  record,  in  their  strong  desire  for  revenge. 


ILLIKIN,  COLONEL  MINOR,  was  born  in 
Hamilton,  Ohio,  July  9th,  1834.  His  father. 
Major  John  M.  Millikin,  was  a highly  respected 
citizen  of  the  State,  and  for  a long  time  President 
of  the  St.ate  Board  of  Agriculture.  He  attended 
the  high  schools  at  Hamilton  preparatory  to  enter- 
ing college,  and  after  a course  at  Hanover  College,  Indiana, 
was  graduated  at  the  Miami  University  in  1854.  At  college 
he  was  noted  for  his  gentlemanly  bearing,  faultless  toilet, 
and  chivalric  tone.  After  leaving  the  university  he  entered 
the  Harvard  Law  School.  In  the  school  debates  there  he 
took  a prominent  part,  and  on  the  question  of  slavery  was 
bold  in  his  denunciation  of  the  institution.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  entered  the  law  office  of  his  father’s  friend,  Hon. 
Thomas  Corwin,  at  Cincinn.ati,  and  a year  later  was  married 
to  Miss  Mollyneaux,  of  Oxford,  to  whom  he  had  been  en- 
gaged while  at  college,  and  was  absent  for  another  year  in 
Europe  on  his  bridal  tour.  On  his  return  he  purchased  the 
Hamilton  Intelligencer,  the  Republican  organ  of  his  county, 
and  for  the  next  two  years  edited  it.  He  never  intended  to 
practise  the  law,  but  nevertheless  improved  his  knowledge 
during  this  time.  Disposing  of  his  newspaper,  he  retired 
to  his  farm  near  Hamilton,  and  was  devoting  his  time  to 
improving  it,  when  the  war  broke  out.  Though  po.ssessed 
of  wealth,  and  engaged  in  pursuits  most  to  his  taste,  his 
patriotic  convictions  led  him  to  the  field.  He  was  a fine 
horseman,  and  naturally  he  preferred  the  cavalry  service.  Re- 
cruiting in  this  department  was  slow  work.  He  enlisted  as 
a private,  and  the  government  not  furnishing  horses  in  time, 
he  purchased  twenty-four  from  his  private  purse.  His  re- 
cruits were  merged  into  Captain  Burdsall’s  Cincinnati  com- 
pany, and  he  was  presently  made  .Sergeant,  and  then  Lieu- 
tenant. After  three  months’  service  in  West  Virginia,  he 
was  appointed  Major  of  the  first  regiment  of  cavalry  raised 
in  Ohio  for  the  three  years’  service.  On  the  resignation  of 
the  colonel  he  w.as  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Trouble 
and  jealousy  were  sown  in  this  appointment,  and  a charge 


BlOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOIAHDIA. 


34 


of  incompetency  was  made.  He  appeared  before  a board 
of  regular  army  officers  for  e.vamination,  and  triumphantly 
received  the  warm  indorsement  of  the  examiners  as  to  his 
fitness.  While  this  matter  was  pending,  he  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  George  H.  Thomas,  who  was  his  warm  per- 
sonal friend,  tie  returned  to  his  regiment  after  the  exami- 
nation, but  he  was  not  destined  to  remain  at  its  head  very 
long.  At  the  battle  of  Stone  River  he  was  detailed  to  repel 
an  attack  of  rebel  cavalry  in  the  rear.  lie  led  a charge  to 
protect  a train,  and  was  surrounded  by  a superior  force. 
He  refused  to  surrender,  and  encouraged  his  men  to  cut  their 
way  out.  A fine  swordsman,  he  w'as  enabled  to  successfully 
defend  himself  with  his  sahre.  Enraged  at  this  a rebel  shot 
him  with  a revolver.  The  body  was  recovered,  but  not  before 
it  had  been  stripped  of  valuables.  In  a letter  to  his  father. 
General  Thomas  said  : “ It  affords  me  the  most  sincere 
pleasure  to  express  to  you,  and  to  Mrs.  Millikin,  my  utmost 
confidence  in  him,  both  as  a friend,  and  as  a brave,  accom- 
plished and  loyal  officer — one  on  whose  judgment  and  dis- 
cretion I placed  the  greatest  reliance.  . . . While  mourning 
his  loss,  you  have  the  consolation  of  knowing  that  he  fell,  a 
Christian  and  patriot,  gallantly  defending  the  honor  of  his 
country.” 


f USTER,  GENERAL  GEORGE  A.,  was  born  at 
New  Rumley,  Harrison  county,  Ohio,  December 
5th,  1839.  After  receiving  a fair  education  he 
became  a teacher.  In  1857,  through  the  influence 
of  Hon.  John  A.  Bingham,  he  was  appointed  to  a 
cadetship  at  West  Point,  entering  the  academy  in 
June.  Four  years  later,  in  June,  1861,  he  was  appointed 
Second  Lieutenant  in  Company  G,  .Second  United  States 
Cavalry,  formerly  commanded  by  Robert  E.  Lee.  Leaving 
the  academy  July  l8th,  1861,  he  reported  to  General  Scott 
on  the  20th,  the  day  preceding  the  battle  of  Bull  Run.  The 
chief  offered  him  the  choice  of  a position  on  his  staff,  or  of 
joining  his  company,  then  under  McDowell  at  Centreville. 
Having  a strong  desire  to  be  in  active  service,  he  chose  the 
latter,  and  started  at  once  for  the  scene  of  the  impending 
battle,  riding  all  night  alone.  Reaching  head-quarters  early 
in  the  morning,  he  delivered  despatches  from  Scott  to 
McDowell,  and  partook  of  a hasty  breakfast.  He  then 
joined  his  company,  which  was  among  the  last  to  leave  the 
field  on  that  fatal  day,  and  which  bore  with  it  General 
Heintzelman,  who  had  been  wounded.  He  served  with  his 
company  until  the  lamented  Kearney  was  appointed  Brig- 
adiei -General  of  Volunteers,  when  he  was  ap])ointed  to  his 
staff.  Here  he  remained  until  the  order  was  issued  pro- 
hibiting regular  army  officers  from  doing  staff  duty,  when  he 
returned  to  his  company,  after  receiving  flattering  testimony 
of  his  efficiency.  Moving  with  the  army  that  followed  up 
the  evacuation  of  Manassas,  he  was  in  the  advance  under 
.Stoneman,  and  made  his  first  cavalry  charge  at  Catlett  Sta- 
tion. In  this  charge  was  drawn  the  first  blood  in  the  cam- 


paign under  McClellan.  After  the  army  had  invested 
Vorktown,  he  was  detailed  as  Assistant  Engineer,  under 
Sumner,  in  which  position  he  threw  up  the  nearest  earth- 
work to  the  enemy’s  lines.  He  was  in  the  advance  under 
Hancock  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  from  Yorktown,  and 
at  Williamsburg  he  was  an  Aide-de-camp  to  that  general,  and 
took  the  first  battle-flag  captured  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  was  the  first  to  cross  the  Chickahominy,  wading  the 
river  in  full  view'  of  the  rebel  pickets,  and  for  his  gallantry 
was  made  a personal  aide  to  McClellan,  with  the  rank  of 
Captain.  He  took  part  in  the  seven  days’  battle,  and 
marked  out  the  position  occupied  by  the  Union  forces  at  the 
battle  of  Gaines’  Mills,  and  participated  in  the  campaign 
ending  with  Antietam.  When  McClellan  was  relieved  of 
command,  he  accompanied  him  on  his  retirement,  and  was 
not  again  in  active  service  until  the  battle  of  Chancellors- 
ville,  in  which  he  served  as  P’irst  Lieutenant,  Company  M, 
Fifth  Cavalry,  his  rank  of  Captain  having  been  disallowed. 
After  this  battle  he  w'as  made  a personal  aide  to  General 
Pleasanton,  and  participated  in  numerous  cavalry  engage- 
ments. When  Pleasanton  w'as  made  a Major-General,  and 
placed  in  command  of  a cavalry  corps,  upon  his  recom- 
mendation, strongly  indorsed  by  Hooker  and  Meade, 
his  young  aide-de-camp  was  made  a Brigadier-General, 
and  assigned  to  a brigade  composed  of  Michigan  cavalry. 
At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  his  services  were  very  con- 
spicuous, his  greatest  achievement  being  the  utter  rout  of 
Hampton’s  division  of  cavalry,  which  was  trying  to  reach 
the  train  of  the  Union  army.  In  this  battle  he  had  two 
horses  shot  tinder  him.  In  the  retreat  of  the  rebels  he  was 
sent  to  harass  their  rear,  and  captured  eighteen  hundred 
prisoners,  besides  destroying  Ewell’s  entire  train.  In  an 
engagement  at  Hagerstown  he  again  had  his  horse  shot 
under  him,  and  at  Falling  Waters  he  attacked  the  enemy’s 
entire  rear-guard,  killing  its  commander,  and  capturing 
thirteen  hundred  prisoners,  four  battle-flags,  two  pieces  of 
cannon,  and  utterly  routing  it.  During  the  ensuing  fall  he 
was  constantly  worrying  the  enemy  with  raids  and  skirmish- 
ing, and  in  the  winter  was  engaged  in  picketing  the  Rapidan 
between  the  two  armies.  In  the  spring  he  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and  early  in  May  set  out  with 
Sheridan  on  his  raid  toward  Richmond.  In  the  advance 
as  usual  he  captured  Beaver  Dam,  burned  the  station  with 
considerable  supplies,  and  released  a large  number  of  Union 
prisoners.  Rejoining  Grant  on  the  Pamunkey,  he  was  again 
in  the  front,  and  had  another  horse  shot  under  him.  Being 
sent  out  to  surprise  the  enemy’s  rear  at  Trevillian  Station, 
he  was  so  unfortunate,  through  the  failure  of  another  com- 
mand to  co-operate,  as  to  he  surrounded.  With  five  brigades 
against  him,  he  fought  tlesperately  for  three  hours.  One  of 
his  guns  was  captured  twice,  and  each  time  retaken.  'I'he 
color-bearer  was  killed,  but  the  general  saved  the  flag  from 
ca|)ture  by  tearing  it  from  the  standard  and  concealing  it 
about  his  person.  The  arrival  of  the  tardy  reinforcements 
enabled  him  to  extricate  himself  from  his  perilous  position. 


342 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


In  Sheridan’s  great  work  in'the  Shenandoah  valley  he  made 
a b'-illiant  record,  excelled  only  by  his  commander.  When 
the  former  reached  the  end  of  his  famous  ride,  his  tirst 
orders  were,  “ Go  in,  Custer.”  In  he  went,  and  with  such 
dash  and  effect  that  he  captured  forty-five  out  of  the  entire 
number  of  forty-eight  pieces  of  artillery  taken  from  the 
enemy,  besides  several  hundred  prisoners,  including  a 
Major-General.  For  this  achievement  he  was  brevetted  a 
Major-General  of  Volunteers,  and  was  further  honored  by 
being  detailed  to  bear  the  report  of  the  battle  and  the  cap- 
tured flags  to  Washington.  On  the  9th  of  October,  1864, 
he  routed  the  rebel  General  Rosser,  capturing  six  pieces  of 
artillery,  two  battle-flags,  his  entire  train,  and  a large  num- 
ber of  prisoners.  Again,  in  the  winter,  he  attacked,  with  a 
force  of  one  thousand,  a force  of  two  thousand  under  Jubal 
E.rrly.  A rout  and  pursuit  resulted  in  the  capture  of 
eighteen  hundred  prisoners,  eleven  battle-flags,  fourteen 
jiieces  of  artillery,  and  a large  w.agon  train,  including  Early’s 
private  b.iggage.  Early  made  a narrow  escape  himself. 
The  Union  loss  was  one  man  killed  and  four  wounded. 
He  did  noble  service  in  the  encircling  of  Richmond.  At 
the  battle  of  Dinwiddle  Court  House  his  division  reached 
the  field  when  the  Federal  troops  were  slowly  losing  ground. 
Ordering  the  band  to  strike  up  a national  air,  he  charged 
the  advancing  column  so  impetuously  that  it  retreated  back- 
ward over  the  lost  ground.  At  .Sailor’s  Creek,  Sheridan  or- 
dered Crook  and  Merritt  to  bre.ak  the  enemy’s  line  and  delay 
his  retreat.  Their  efforts  were  not  effectual.  Sheridan  called 
for  Custer,  at  the  same  time  making  a characteristic  remark 
with  regard  to  his  mettle.  His  division  threw  themselves 
sav.agely  upon  the  enemy,  actually  leaping  their  horses  over 
the  breastworks.  In  this,  his  greatest  cavalry  charge,  the  cap- 
tures consisted  of  seven  general  officers — among  them  Custis, 
son  of  R.  E.  Lee,  Ewell,  and  a brother  of  the  pirate 
Semmes — sixteen  pieces  of  artillery,  thirty-one  battle-flags, 
and  five  thousand  prisoners.  After  the  charge,  the  hero  of 
it  rode  by  Sheridan  and  a number  of  other  officers  of  rank, 
when  three  rousing  cheers  were  given  for  him.  He  was  in 
the  advance  when  Lee’s  surrender  took  place,  and  was  the 
first  to  receive  the  white  flag  sent  in  by  the  rebel  com- 
mander. He  still  possesses  this  trophy.  After  the  sur- 
render, General  Sheridan  purchased  the  table  upon  which 
the  terms  were  made,  and  presented  it  to  Mrs.  Custer,  with 
these  fitting  words  : 

My  I)e.\r  M.\d.\m  : Permit  me  to  present  to  you  the  table 
upon  which  were  signed  the  terms  of  surrender  of  the  army 
of  Norlhern  Virginia,  under  General  Robert  E.  Lee;  and, 
in  conclusion,  let  me  add,  that  I know  of  no  person  more 
instrumental  in  bringing  about  this  most  desirable  event 
than  your  own  most  gallant  husband. 

For  his  distinguished  services  in  these  closing  scenes  of 
the  war  he  was  promoted  to  a Major-Generalshijr  of  Volun- 
teers. After  the  grand  review  he  went  with  Sheridan  to  the 
Military  Division  of  the  Gulf,  where  he  was  assigned  to  an 
important  command  in  Texas.  In  February,  i865,  he  was 


mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  and  returned  to  the 
regular  army.  He  was,  when  appointed  General,  the 
youngest  officer  of  his  rank  in  the  army,  and,  after  Sheridan, 
the  most  dashing  cavalryman.  He  never  lost  a gun  or  a 
color,  and  captured  more  fags,  prisoners,  and  munitions  of 
war  than  any  other  officer  nut  in  command  of  an  army. 
These  were  all  captured  in  actual  fight,  and  not  in  aban- 
doned forts  or  arsenals.  His  appearance  is  thus  described 
in  Colonel  Newhall’s  “ With  Sheridan  in  Lee’s  Last  Cam- 
paign : ” 


“ At  the  head  of  the  horsemen  rode  Custer,  of  the 
golden  locks,  his  broad  sombrero  turned  up  Irom  his  hard, 
bronzed  face,  the  ends  of  his  crimson  cravat  floating  over 
his  shoulders,  gold  galore  spangling  his  jacket-sleeves,  a 
pistol  in  his  boot,  jangling  spurs  on  his  heels,  and  a pon- 
derous claymore  swinging  at  his  side,  a wild,  dare  devil  of 
a general,  and  a prince  of  advance  guards,  quick  to  see  and 
act.” 

In  politics  the  general  made  himself  more  conspicuous 
after  the  war  than  most  prominent  regular  army  officers.  He 
sympathized  with  Andrew  Johnson,  and  accompanied  him 
on  his  famous  trip.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Philadelphia  Union  Convention  in  1S66,  and  in  the  Sol- 
diers’ Convention  at  Cleveland  afterward.  But  of  late  years 
he  has  had  but  little  to  say  in  these  matters.  He  has  been 
brevetted  a Major-General  in  the  regular  army.  Since  the 
war  he  has  done  good  service  in  the  Indian  country,  he  and 
Sheridan  and  Crook  being  the  best  Indian  fighters  in  the 
army. 


HURMAN,  HON.  ALLEN  G.,  Lawyer,  Judge, 
and  United  States  Senator,  was  born  in  Lynch- 
burg, Virginia,  on  November  13th,  1813.  His 
father  was  Rev.  P.  Thurman ; his  mother  the 
only  daughter  of  Colonel  Nathaniel  Allen,  of 
North  Carolina,  nephew  and  adopted  son  of 
Joseph  Hewes,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence. In  1S19  his  parents  removed  to  Chillicothe, 
Ohio,  and  he  resided  there  until  1853,  when  he  removed  to 
Columbus,  his  present  residence.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Chillicothe  Academy,  and  by  the  private  instruction  of  his 
mother.  He  studied  law  with  his  uncle,  William  Allen, 
then  United  States  Senator,  and  later  Governor  of  Ohio,  and 
with  Noah  H.  Swayne,  now  a Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835, 
and  practised  his  profession  until  he  was  elected  a Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  in  1851.  He  was  Chief-Justice 
of  that  court  from  1854  to  1856,  when  his  term  of  service 
expired.  Previous  to  his  election  as  Judge  he  had  served  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  for  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress, 
having  been  elected  a member  in  1844.  In  1867  he  was 
the  Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  was 
beaten  less  than  3000  votes,  although  the  Republican  ma- 
jority the  year  before  was  43,000.  In  January,  1868,  he 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


343 


was  elected  a Senator  of  the  United  States,  and  took  his 
seat  March  4th,  lS6g.  In  January,  1874,  he  was  re-elected. 
He  was  married  in  November,  1844,  to  Mary,  daughter  of 
the  late  Waller  Uun,  of  Eayette  county,  Kentucky.  After 
retiring  from  the  Supreme  Bench  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Columbus,  and  was  engaged  as  counsel  in 
the  Supreme  Court  in  many  of  the  leading  cases  from  all 
over  the  State.  “ The  Ohio  Reports,”  containing  his  deci- 
sions during  the  five  years  he  was  judge,  had  given  him  great 
reputation  as  a sound  lawyer  and  jurist,  and  his  opinion  on 
important  legal  questions  was  much  sought  after  and  relied 
upon  by  attorneys  practising  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
hence  he  was  retained  as  co-counsel  in  most  of  the  important 
cases.  He  has  always  been  a very  laborious  student,  and 
indefatigable  in  the  thorough  preparation  of  his  cases,  and  a 
forcible  and  direct  speaker,  who  wastes  no  time  on  imma- 
terial points.  He  has  always  been  a Democrat  of  the 
straitest  sect,  and  not  inclined  to  run  after  temporary  expe- 
dients in  politics.  He  firmly  believes  that  the  safety  of  the 
country  in  a great  measure  depends  upon  the  preservation 
of  the  organization  of  the  Democratic  party.  At  the  same 
time  he  is  liheral  and  courteous  in  his  treatment  of  political 
opponents.  While  serving  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress, 
with  many  other  Northern  Democrats  he  voted  for  the 
“ Wilmot  Proviso,”  extending  the  anti-slavery  provision 
of  the  ordinance  of  1787  to  our  newly  acquired  Mexican 
territory.  He  was  opposed  to  the  repeal  of  the  “ Missouri 
Compromise,”  because  he  believed  it  was  a fair  settlement 
of  controverted  questio  is,  the  reopening  of  which  would 
cause  the  sectional  struggle  which  has  since  deluged  the 
country  with  blood.  On  all  the  exciting  questions  of  that 
era  he  always  took  a decided  and  manly  stand,  speaking 
out  his  opinions  unhesitatingly,  and  doing  his  best  to 
secure  their  settlement  in  the  interests  of  the  national 
welfare.  He  has  always  been  opposed  to  the  doctrine 
of  nullification  and  secession,  as  the  platforms  of  his 
party  in  Ohio,  drawn  in  many  cases  by  him,  have  re- 
peatedly declared.  The  gubernatorial  contest  in  1867, 
wherein  the  negro  suffrage  question  was  an  issue,  brought 
him  prominently  before  the  people  as  a rising  national  man. 
In  that  canvass  he  spent  over  four  months  on  the  stump  and 
carried  the  Legislature  in  both  branches  for  his  party,  and 
defeated  negro  suffrage  by  over  50,000  votes  in  one  of  the 
strongest  Republican  States  in  the  Union.  On  the  meeting 
of  the  Legislature,  after  a very  exciting  contest,  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Democratic  caucus  for  United  States  .Senator 
over  V’allandigham,  by  a vote  of  two  to  one.  Since  his 
election  to  the  Senate,  no  man  has  risen  more  rapidly  in 
public  estimation.  Though  in  a minority  of  scarcely  one- 
fifth  in  the  Senate,  he  has  exercised  great  influence,  and  ob- 
tained among  the  thinking  of  all  parties  the  character  of  a 
pure  and  honest  politician,  who  would  expose  fraud  and 
corruption,  no  matter  whom  the  exposure  might  hit.  Every 
year  he  has  taken  an  active  part  in  stumping  the  State,  and 
in  planning  the  campaigns  of  his  party.  In  1873  suc- 


ceeded in  carrying  the  Legislature,  which  secured  his  re-elec- 
tion to  the  Senate,  though  the  State  the  year  before  had 
given  General  Grant  nearly  40,000  majority  for  President. 
Ex-Senator  Allen,  his  uncle,  was  elected  Governor,  though 
the  balance  of  the  Republican  ticket  succeeded  by  a majority 
of  less  than  1000  votes.  This  result,  indicating  the  com- 
mencement of  a revolution  in  politics,  and  mainly  brought 
about  in  Ohio  by  Senator  Thurman’s  abiding  faith  in  the 
Democratic  organization,  and  skill  and  tenacity  in  holding 
his  party  in  line  after  the  disorganizing  results  of  the  Greeley 
campaign,  has  caused  his  name  to  be  mentioned  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Presidency.  It  is  not  improbable  that  he  may 
be  the  candidate  of  his  party  in  1S76.  He  has,  however, 
never  allowed  his  head  to  be  turned  by  the  Itauble  of  the 
Presidency,  and  never  was  known  to  allude  to  it,  even 
amongst  his  most  intimate  friends.  The  talk  about  any 
public  man  for  President  long  in  advance  is  apt  to  kill  him 
off;  but  those  who  know  Senator  Thurman  best  do  not  be- 
lieve he  would,  in  his  political  course,  swerve  a hair’s- 
breadth  from  his  convictions  of  right  even  to  be  President. 
He  rvould  rather  stand  before  the  country  as  the  bold  and 
upright  Senator,  in  this  age  of  corruption  and  truckling 
politicians. 

ORYELE,  HON.  JAMES  L.,  Lawyer,  Judge  of 
the  Probate  Court  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  was 
born  near  West  Union,  Adams  county,  Ohio, 
February  22d,  1830.  He  was  the  oldest  child  in 
3-  family  of  three  children,  whose  parents  were 
Salathiel  Coryell  and  Nancy  (Holmes)  Coryell. 
His  father,  a native  of  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  followed 
through  life  principally  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1801  he 
settled  in  Adams  county,  near  West  Union,  where  he  re- 
sided until  his  demise  in  1838.  He  was  a member  of  the  old 
Coryell  family,  which  in  days  long  gone  by  lived  at  Coryell 
Ferry,  on  the  Delaware  river.  New  Jersey.  His  mother,  a 
native  of  Adams  county,  Ohio,  was  a daughter  of  James 
Holmes,  an  early  jnoneer  and  one  of  the  original  settlers  of 
this  county.  She  died  in  June,  1874.  Until  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age,  his  days  were  spent  alternately  in  working  on  a 
farm  during  the  summer  months,  and  in  attending  a country 
school  in  the  winter  season.  He  then  assumed  the  role  of 
educator  in  a school  in  Adams  county,  Ohio,  where,  with 
the  exception  of  a period  of  six  months  passed  in  Sciota 
county,  he  was  assiduously  engaged  in  pursuing  the  vocation 
of  teacher.  During  these  years  he  aj)plied  himself  wisely 
and  perseveringly  to  the  task — to  him  an  agreeable  one — of 
accumulating  knowledge,  and,  by  a well-directed  course  of 
study  and  reading,  greatly  enlarged  the  boundaries  of  his 
literary  attainments.  T'or  two  years  he  acted  as  School  Ex- 
aminer of  Adams  county.  In  the  fall  of  1859  he  was  elected 
County  Auditor,  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in 
l86l,  and  held  the  office  for  four  years.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  Justice’  of  the  Peace,  and,  with  the  duties  of  that 


344 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 


office  and  the  practice  of  surveying,  was  afterward  constantly 
engaged  for  about  six  years.  In  1S69  he  was  elected  Pro- 
bate Judge  of  Adams  county;  was  re-elected  in  1872  and 
in  1S75,  and  is  still  employed  in  the  performance  of  the 
functions  attached  to  this  position.  Having  in  preceding 
years  directed  his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  and  thus 
qualified  him-elf  for  its  practice,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1875.  Politically,  his  principles  link  him  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  while  his  religious  views  are  expressed  in  the 
creed  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  married  in  1854 
to  Mary  McGranagan,  a native  of  Virginia,  who  died  in 
1S66.  He  was  again  married  in  1869  to  Hannah  (Briggs) 
McFerren. 


J.'VRRERE,  BENJAMIN,  Vice-President  of  the 
Hillsborough  National  Bank,  was  horn  in  New 
Market,  the  first  county-seat  of  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  February  25th,  1812.  He  was  the  ninth 
child  in  a family  of  twelve  children,  whose  parents 
were  George  W.  Barrere  and  Abigail  (Mills)  Bar- 
rere.  His  father  was  a native  of  the  city  of  Wheeling,  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  was  born  March  l6th,  1770;  through  life, 
at  different  periods,  he  was  a farmer,  surveyor  and  merchant; 
he  settled  in  Highland  couniy,  Ohio,  in  1803,  and  served 
as  the  first  deputy  surveyor  in  the  military  district  of  which 
that  county  was  a part ; for  a number  of  years  he  W'as  Justice 
of  the  Peace ; was  a member  of  the  Ohio  Senate  for  nine 
years,  and  for  fourteen  years  presided  as  one  of  the  Associate 
Judges;  from  1791  to  1795  he  was  an  active  participant  in 
the  Indian  war;  was  an  actor  at  St.  Clair’s  defeat,  and 
fought  under  \Vayne  in  the  battle  of  Fallen  Timbers ; he 
served  as  a Captain  in  the  war  of  1S12,  and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  General  Hull  ; for  a number  of  years  also 
he  was  intimately  identified  with  the  public  enterprises  of 
Highland  county  ; he  died  March  8th,  1S38.  His  mother 
was  a daughter  of  Thomas  Mills,  an  early  pioneer  of  Mason 
county,  Kentucky,  who  constructed  the  Indian  fort  known 
as  Mills’  Station.  Until  his  fifteenth  year  was  attained  his 
days  were  consumed  alternately  in  attendance  at  school 
through  the  winter  season  and  in  w'orking  on  a farm  during 
the  summer  months.  In  1827  he  moved  to  Hillsborough, 
where  he  found  employment  as  clerk  in  a general  store. 
He  was  engaged  at  this  occupation  until  1834,  when  he 
entered  into  business  life  on  his  own  account  at  New 
Market,  and  there  prosecuted  successfully  a fair  trade  as  a 
general  storekeeper  until  1845.  In  that  year  he  removed  to 
Ripley,  Ohio,  where,  in  association  with  D.  H.  Murphy,  in 
the  same  kind  of  business,  he  remained  until  1848,  the  date 
of  his  return  to  Hillsborough.  In  the  winter  of  1854,  the 
intervening  years  having  been  passed  in  mercantile  opera- 
tions, he  associated  himself  in  partnership  with  John  A. 
Smith  and  Hon.  Nelson  Barrere,  his  brother,  and  established 
a private  bank,  under  the  firm-style  of  Barrere  & Co.  This 
was  the  first  bank  started  in  Hillsborough,  and  to  its  pro- 


prietors, accordingly,  must  be  awarded  the  title  of  the 
pioneer  bankers  of  Highland  county.  In  the  spring  of 
1865  the  Bank  of  Barrere  & Co.  was  merged  in  the  Hills- 
borough National  Bank,  and  now  exists,  prosperous  through 
the  able  management  of  its  controllers,  with  him  as  its  Vice- 
President ; John  A.  Smith  occupying  its  Presidential  chair. 
He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Ripley  and  Hillsbor- 
ough Turnpike,  and  until  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
county  in  1874  was  one  of  its  most  influential  Directors. 
He  was  an  early  advocate  and  supporter  of  the  Hillsborough 
& Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  for  a number  of  years  was  one 
of  its  Directors.  In  all  important  measures  and  movements 
relating  to  the  educational  improvement  and  political  de- 
velopment of  his  State  and  county  he  has  uniformly  taken  a 
zealous  interest,  and  is  widely  recognized  as  a valuable  pub- 
lic colaborer  and  ally.  For  several  years  he  presided  as 
magistrate  of  New  Market,  but  has  ever  steadily  refrained 
from  entering  the  arena  of  political  contention  and  partisan 
warfare.  He  is  attached  to  the  Republican  party,  and  cast 
his  first  vote  for  General  Harrison.  Religiously,  his  views 
are  hedged  about  by  the  creed  or  doctrines  of  no  particular 
church.  He  was  nwrried,  November  8th,  1836,  to  Mary 
Carlyle,  of  Fairfield  county,  Ohio,  daughter  of  Judge 
Thomas  J.  Carlyle,  and  by  her  has  had  eight  children. 


JtONG,  HON.  ALEXANDER,  was  born  in  Green- 
(3  ville,  Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania,  December 
24th,  1S16.  He  was  educated  at  Cary’s  Acad- 
emy (afterwards  F'armcr’s  College),  at  College 
Hill,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio;  taught  school  in 
the  same  county  for  eight  years;  adopted  the  law 
as  a profession,  which  he  has  practised  successfully  in  Cin- 
cinnati since  1852.  He  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature 
in  1S48;  re-elected  in  1S49,  and  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  the  Second  Congressional  District  of 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com- 
mittee of  Claims.  During  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress  he  made  a speech  in  opposition  to  the  war, 
which  was  published  throughout  the  country,  and  was  the 
subject  of  general  comment  by  the  press  both  North  and 
South.  On  the  day  following  its  delivery,  Schuyler  Colfax, 
who  was  at  the  time  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, left  the  Speaker’s  chair,  came  down  on  the  floor  and 
introduced  a resolution  for  his  expulsion.  A protracted  dis- 
cussion upon  the  merits  of  the  speech  and  the  freedom  of 
debate  thereupon  ensued,  and  which  occupied  the  House, 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  business,  for  five  days,  when  the 
resolution  of  expulsion  was  withdrawn  and  one  of  censure 
substituted  therefor,  which  was  finally  adopted  by  a majority 
of  eleven  votes.  He  was  a delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con- 
vention in  1864,  and  made  a speech  therein  against  the 
nomination  of  General  McClellan.  He  advocated  the 
nomination  of  the  Late  Chief  Justice  Chase  by  the  Demo- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


345 


cratic  Convention  in  New  York  in  i858;  opposed  the  nomi- 
nation of  Horace  Greeley  in  1872,  and  has  not  voted  at  a 
Presidential  election  since  i860.  He  is  identified  with  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  public  schools  of  Cincinnati, 
holding  at  the  present  time  the  positions  of  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  President  of  the  Board  of  Examiners 
and  Trustee  of  the  Public  Library. 


NDREWS,  HON.  SHERLOCK  J.,  Lawyer  and 
Statesman,  was  born  in  Wallingford,  New  Haven 
county,  Connecticut,  November  17th,  1801.  His 
father.  Dr.  John  Andrews,  was  a prominent  physi- 
cian of  Wallingford,  and  in  later  years  a resident 
of  Cleveland.  The  son  prepared  for  college  in 
the  Episcopal  Academy  of  Cheshire,  Connecticut.  He  then 
entered  Union  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1821.  He 
studied  law  and  attended  the  I.aw  School  in  New  Haven, 
at  the  same  time  discharging  the  duties  of  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  under  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Silliman, 
who  in  his  diary  has  paid  a glowing  tribute  of  praise  to  his 
young  associate  for  his  ability  and  superior  qualities  of  mind 
and  heart.  He  thus  continued  in  his  studies  of  law  and 
sciences  until  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  removed  to 
Cleveland  in  1825,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  con- 
nection with  Judge  Samuel  Cowles.  In  1828  he  married 
Ursula  Allen,  of  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  daughter  of  John 
Allen,  a member  of  Congress  of  that  State,  and  sister  of 
Hon.  John  W.  Allen,  of  Cleveland.  W'hen  Judge  Cowles 
retired  from  the  profession,  he  formed  a partnership  with 
John  A.  Foot  and  James  M.  Hoyt,  the  firm  being  Andrews, 
Foot  & Hoyt,  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  prominent 
among  the  general  practitioners  in  northern  Ohio.  In  1840 
he  was  elected  to  represent  the  Cleveland  District  in  Con- 
gress. He  served  through  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress, 
when  poor  health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  such  active 
public  life  and  from  the  more  active  part  of  the  labors  of  his 
profession.  In  1848  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Cleveland,  a court  of  exclusively  commercial  and 
civil  jurisdiction.  He  was  in  1849  chosen  a member  of  the 
Convention  to  form  the  New  Constitution  of  Ohio,  and  did 
di.stinguished  service  as  a member  of  tbe  Committees  on 
Judiciary,  Revision  and  Temperance.  The  new  Constitu- 
tion having  revised  the  judiciary  system  and  dispensed  with 
the  Superior  Court,  he  was  from  that  time  engaged  as  counsel 
and  advocate  in  leading  cases  in  the  Federal  and  .State  courts 
till  the  year  1873,  when  he  was  again  chosen  as  one  of  the 
members  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution  of 
the  State.  Here  again  his  long  experience,  ripe  wisdom 
and  great  abililies  were  sought  in  aid  of  the  solution  of  the 
great  problem  of  an  improvement  of  the  judiciaiy  system, 
and  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  committee  having  this 
subject  in  charge.  As  an  advocate  he  has  stood  for  forty 
years  in  the  front  rank  of  the  bar  of  Ohio.  He  is  rarely,  if 
44 


ever,  surpassed  in  the  skilful  use  of  all  the  weapons  known 
to  effective  debate.  As  a technical  pleader,  though  he  stood 
high  there  were  others  in  the  circuit  equally  gifted.  But  in 
a cause  where  his  convictions  of  justice  and  of  legal  rights 
were  fixed,  there  was  not  among  his  contemporaries  in  the 
courts  of  the  .State  an  advocate  whose  efforts  were  so  nearly 
irresistible  before  a jury.  As  a Judge,  he  commanded  the 
respect  of  all  by  his  learning  and  fairness,  and  won  the  re- 
gard of  the  younger  members  of  the  profession  by  his  en- 
couragement and  kindness.  Although  the  contested  cases 
during  his  occupation  of  the  bench  must  have  numbered 
thousands,  there  is  but  a single  record  of  a reversal  of  his 
decision  by  the  higher  court,  and  that  through  a clerical 
error.  In  politics  he  has  acted  with  the  Whig  and  Repub- 
lican parties;  he  has  not,  however,  always  approved  the 
extreme  measures  of  his  party.  This  was  appreciated  by 
his  fellow  citizens  in  1873,  when  both  the  Republican  and 
Democratic  parties  nominated  and  elected  him  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention.  Measuring  him  by  tbe  highest 
standard  of  true  eminence  and  success,  his  sterling  integrity, 
purity  of  example,  his  pride  in  the  high  character  to  be  main- 
tained by  the  legal  fraternity,  and  his  long  career,  untarnished 
by  a stain,  must,  after  all,  be  regarded  as  having  given  bright 
lustre  to  his  abilities  and  enduring  brilliancy  to  a long  series 
of  public  services  in  judicial  and  legislative  spheres.  Though 
more  than  threescore  and  ten,  he  is  occupying  his  place 
among  the  leading  members  of  the  Ohio  bar,  youthful  in 
appearance,  elastic  in  spirits,  and  vigorous  and  strong  in  tbe 
exercise  of  those  qualities  which  have  distinguished  him 
through  life. 

ECK,  HON.  ERASMUS  D.,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
Merchant  and  Manufacturer,  was  born,  September 
l6th,  1808,  in  Stafford,  Connecticut.  He  received 
his  elementary  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  section,  which  was  supplemented  by  an 
academical  course.  He  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  in  1824,  and  attended  the  medical  lectures  de- 
livered at  Yale  College  during  1826,  and  subsequently  at 
the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  from  which  latter  school  he 
graduated  in  1827.  He  removed  to  Portage  county,  Ohio, 
in  1828,  and  practised  medicine  from  three  to  five  years  at 
Franklin  in  that  county.  He  went  to  Perrysburg,  Wood 
county,  January  1st,  1834,  and  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  and  around  that  locality  for  over 
forty  years;  and  has  likewise  been  actively  interested  in  the 
business  and  growth  of  that  town,  having  been  engaged  in 
not  only  the  drug  and  medicine  trade,  but  also  in  selling 
dry  goods,  millinery,  etc.,  besides  operating  a farm.  He  is 
now  carrying  on  the  pine  and  hardwood  lumber  business ; 
is  the  owner  and  operator  of  a planing-mill,  where  all  de- 
scriptions of  building  material  is  manufactured,  besides 
doing  a general  hardware  trade.  In  political  faith  he  is  a 
Republican,  but  never  a politician.  He  served  in  the  Ohio 


34<3 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIL4£DIA. 


Legislature  from  1855  to  1859  inclusive.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Examining  Surgeon  for  the  army  and  pensions 
before  and  during  the  late  war.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Hon.  T.  H.  Hoag,  in  1870,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress,  by  a majority  of  1060  votes  over 
Lockwood,  Democrat.  He  received  from  his  townsmen 
all  but  53  votes  in  a total  vote  of  900.  He  was  married 
to  Mary  Thorndike,  daughter  of  Dr.  Luke  Lincoln,  of 
Brimfield,  Portage  county,  Ohio,  who  died  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  January  20th,  1873;  mairied  again 
to  Mrs.  E.  T.  Robertson,  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  September 
24th,  1874. 

ENCH,  JAMES  JACK.SOX,  Lawyer  and  ex- 
Judge  of  Common  Pleas,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  in  September,  1S20,  his  parents 
being  of  American  birth,  but  of  English  and  Irish 
descent.  His  elementary  education  w.as  received 
at  a boarding-school,  and  subsequently  be  was 
prepared  by  preceptors  and  private  tutors  for  Harvard  Col- 
lege. In  due  time  he  entered  that  institution,  passed  with 
honor  through  its  course  of  study,  and  graduated  in  1842. 
Immediately  after  leaving  college  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law,  in  Dane  Law  School,  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 
He  left  the  school  eventually,  and  completed  his  legal 
studies  with  Hon.  Richard  Fletcher,  afterwards  Associate 
Judge  of  the  .Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Massachusetts  in  1845,  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native  city,  and  for  nine 
years  continued  to  practise  there  with  success.  During  his 
professional  career  in  that  city  he  was  engaged  in  a very 
important  case,  and  submitted  his  argument  to  the  court  in 
writing,  and  such  were  the  learning,  skill,  and  legal  ability 
manifested  in  the  effort,  that  he  not  only  received  the  cor- 
dial and  friendly  congratulations  of  his  professional  brethren, 
but  compliments  of  the  Chief-Justice  of  Massachusetts,  ex- 
pressed in  terms  of  the  warmest  approbation,  were  conveyed 
to  him  through  Judge  Bigelow,  himself  subsequently  Chief- 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  After  nine  years  of  Boston 
practice  he  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  bearing  with  him  a 
high  and  well-earned  reputation,  and  the  warm  regards  of 
all  with  whom  he  had  been  associated  in  his  native  city. 
He  at  once  entered  upon  a successful  practice  in  Toledo, 
and  immediately  took  rank  as  a leading  lawyer  at  the  bar 
of  that  city.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Allen 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Lucas  county.  His 
performance  of  the  duties  devolving  upon  him  in  this  posir 
tion  demonstrated  that  he  not  only  possessed  the  attributes 
of  a brilliant  advocate  and  sound  counsellor,  but  also  judi- 
cial abilities  of  the  highest  order,  and  gave  him  rank  as  one 
of  the  ablest  jurists  of  his  adopted  State.  His  decisions 
were  always  characterized  by  judicial  fairness,  and  evi- 
denced careful  thought,  deep  study,  practical  ability,  and 


unflinching  integrity.  He  was  nominated  for  a return  to 
the  same  position  in  1875,  but  owing  to  party  considerations 
which  not  even  his  eminent  fitness  could  overweigh,  he 
was  defeated,  in  common  with  the  entire  Democratic  ticket, 
and  he  retired  from  the  bench.  He  was  strongly  urged  by 
the  leading  members  of  the  bar  in  the  Northwest  for  ap- 
pointment on  the  Judicial  Commission  for  the  State  of  Ohio. 
It  is  not  only  as  a lawyer  and  a judge  that  he  has  won  the 
high  esteem  of  the  public.  His  integrity  and  rare  personal 
qualities  have  gained  for  him  universal  respect ; his  scholarly 
attainments,  legal  learning  and  ability,  and  fine  literary 
acquirements  challenge  admiration,  and  his  genial  manners, 
unvarying  courtesy,  and  generous,  hearty,  social  bearing, 
gain  the  still  warmer  regards  of  those  fortunate  enough  to 
be  thrown  into  more  intimate  relations  with  him.  In  per- 
son he  is  tall  and  slender,  of  graceful  bearing,  and  of  pre- 
possessing appearance.  In  early  life  his  religious  views 
were  modelled  upon  those  of  Theodore  Parker,  who  was  at 
that  time  so  potent  a moral  and  intellectual  power.  But  in 
1863  he  became  a member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
in  which  faith  he  now  continues,  upright  and  conscientious. 
He  is  a bachelor. 


cCUNE,  ROBERT,  Clergyman  and  Journalist,  was 
born  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  on  December 
17th,  1825.  He  remained  there  until  he  had 
reached  manhood,  acquiring  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  the  city,  and  in  select  schools 
which  he  attended  from  time  to  time.  One  very 
important  educational  experience  was  the  training  and  dis- 
cipline which  he  received  during  a period  of  three  years 
passed  in  a printing  office.  From  early  youth  he  had  held 
the  purpose  of  becoming  a pulpit  teacher,  and  accordingly, 
when  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  denomination.  He 
labored  in  this  capacity  until  he  had  reached  his  thirty- 
fourth  year,  when  he  united  with  the  Congregational 
Church.  In  the  meantime  he  had  removed  to  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  and  was  putting  to  practical  account  his  early  jour- 
nalistic training.  In  1853  he  connected  himself  with  the 
Christian  Slatesma7i  at  Mansfield.  He  retained  his  con- 
nection with  this  paper  until  1S56.  Then  he  removed  to 
North  Fairfield,  Huron  county,  Ohio,  and  became  associated 
with  the  Gazette  of  that  place.  This  connection  continued 
until  1858.  From  North  Fairfield  he  removed  to  Toledo, 
where  he  at  present  resides,  and  from  there  entered  the 
army,  in  1862,  bearing  President  Lincoln’s  commission  as 
army  chaplain.  He  remained  in  the  service  in  that  capacity 
until  the  end  of  the  war,  in  1S65,  when  he  returned  to 
Toledo.  In  186S  he  became  managing  editor  of  the 
Toledo  Blade,  a position  which  he  continued  to  occupy, 
and  to  occupy  most  satisfactorily,  until  1872.  A man  of 
such  varied  and  continued  activity  would  almost  as  a mat- 
ter of  course  bring  a portion  of  his  energy  into  the  field  of 


' 


f 


I 


E. 


•a  ' 


K'  r 


I 


f 


&alaay  hib'-Co- 


to 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCL0P.^:DIA. 


347 


politics,  ami  he  lias  done  this.  Ills  political  faith  finds  ex- 
pression in  the  Republican  creed,  and  he  has  served  the 
party,  or  rather  has  served  with  the  party,  actively  and 
effectively.  In  iS6o  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  and 
served  there  through  the  term  with  ability  and,  what  is  far 
better,  with  integrity.  In  1872  he  left  the  office  of  the 
Toledo  Blade  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  Appraiser  of  Mer- 
chandise, to  which  position  he  had  been  appointed,  and 
which  he  still  holds.  He  was  married  on  August  1st,  1S48, 
to  Caroline  B.  Smith. 


. ^RAXGER,  VOLEXTINE  WHITMAX,  Woollen 
Draper  and  Merchant  Tailor,  and  Dealer  in 
Gents’  Furnishing  Goods,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Portage  county,  Ohio,  February  25th,  1826.  His 
education  was  received  in  the  common  schools 
located  at  Middlebury,  near  Akron,  Ohio.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  about  twelve  years 
of  age,  then  commenced  to  learn  the  trade  of  tailor,  under 
the  control  of  his  brother,  with  whom  he  was  connected 
for  about  five  years.  In  1845  went  to  New  York, 
for  the  purpose  of  perfecting  his  knowledge  of  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  his  calling.  His  purpose  accomplished, 
he  removed  to  .Akron,  Ohio,  where,  in  company  with  his 
brother,  and  under  the  firm-name  of  Granger  & Brother,  he 
established  himself  in  business,  which  was  assisted  with 
moneys  advanced  by  his  friends.  In  the  spring  of  1849, 
immediately  after  his  marriage,  which  took  place  May  7th, 
1849,  he  moved  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  business 
in  conjunction  with  his  brother,  under  the  firm-style  of 
Granger  & Brother.  In  1862,  at  the  dissolution  of  p.artner- 
ship  relations,  he  purchased  the  entire  interest  of  his  brother, 
and  continued  business  operations  for  himself,  by  his  own 
unassisted  resources.  At  the  present  time  he  stands  at  the 
head  of  his  business  in  Ohio,  and  is  recognized  by  the 
general  community  as  a useful  citizen  and  an  enterprising 
and  reliable  merchant.  He  took  an  active  part  in  military 
preparations  during  the  war,  and  was  always  earnest  and 
energetic  in  his  endeavors  to  promote  the  interests  and 
welfare  of  the  national  government.  As  his  ancestors  had 
done  before  him  in  the  perilous  days  of  revolutionary  strife, 
so  did  he  during  the  dark  times  of  the  rebellion,  and  was 
tireless  in  his  efforts  to  assist  in  securing  the  final  victory  to 
the  Union.  He  was  a member  of  the  Whig  party,  and 
since  its  dissolution  has  been  an  earnest  Republican.  He 
was  married  at  Akron,  Ohio,  in  1849,  to  Emeline  P'. 
Dodge,  daughter  of  Xathan  Brown  Dodge ; the  fruits  of 
this  marriage  have  been  two  daughters  and  one  son.  Aside 
from  his  success  as  a merchant,  Mr.  Granger  has  contributed 
to  Toledo’s  prosperity,  by  judicious  investments  in  real 
estate,  which  are  an  ornament  to  the  city.  In  his  social 
relations  no  one  in  Toledo  ranks  higher,  and  he  enjoys  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  its  best  and  ablest  citizens 


^OFFMAN,  BEXJAMIN  F.,  Lawyer  and  ex-Judge, 
was  born  in  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
January  25th,  1812.  His  father,  Joseph  I loffman, 
and  his  mother,  were  of  German  descent.  He 
was  educated  in  his  native  county  at  the  common 
schools  and  at  select  schools  in  West  Chester, 
Strodesville,  and  Marshallton,  although  until  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  had  to  do  more  or  less  work  upon  his  father’s 
farm.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  in  1833;  studied  law  with  Hon.  David  Tod,  subse- 
quently Governor  of  the  State;  graduated  from  the  Cincin- 
nati Law  School  in  1836,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Cincinnati.  Thereupon  he  formed  a partnership  with  his 
former  preceptor  at  Warren,  Ohio,  and  has  practised  law 
ever  since.  Attending  studiously  to  his  profession,  and 
practising  industriously  in  the  county  courts,  he  gradually 
acquired  an  excellent  connection.  From  1838  to  June,  1841, 
he  served  the  public  faithfully  as  Postmaster  at  Warren  ; and 
from  February  9th,  1857,  to  February  9th,  1862,  as  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  During  Governor  Tod’s 
administration  he  acted  as  that  official’s  Private  Secretaiy. 
Born  a Pennsylvania  Democrat,  in  1836-37  he  espoused 
the  anti-slavery  cause ; moved  successively  with  the  Liberty, 
the  Free-Soil,  and  the  Republican  parties  until  slavery  was 
abolished  and  the  country  free.  He  is  still  a Republican. 
So  far  as  his  resources  would  permit  he  has  co-operated  in 
all  enterprises  calculated  to  develop  the  resources  of  his  sec- 
tion; as,  for  instance,  the  Pennsylvania  & Ohio  Canal,  the 
Cincinnati  & Indianapolis  Railroad,  and,  more  recently, 
the  Second  National  Bank  of  Youngstown.  He  has  been 
twice  married.  His  first  wife  and  family  are  all  dece.ased. 
His  second  wife  is  still  living,  and  with  her  he  has  one 
child.  For  some  years  he  has  resided  in  Youngstown, 
where  he  is  highly  respected  for  his  abilities  and  personal 
worth. 


INNEY,  COLONEL  P.,  President  of  the  Kinney 
National  Bank  of  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Scioto  county  in  the  same  .State,  December  16th, 
1805,  and  is  now  the  oldest  native  resident  in 
that  county.  His  father  moved  from  Sunbur)’, 
Pennsylvania,  to  Scioto  county,  in  October,  1805, 
settling  on  a farm  near  Portsmouth.  His  opportunities  for 
receiving  an  education  were  limited,  being  such  as  were 
afforded  in  the  early  frontier  schools ; and  limited  as  they 
were,  they  were  often  interrupted  by  the  demands  on  his 
labor  and  skill  in  the  work  of  cultivating  his  father’s  farm. 
In  1820  his  father  loaded  a flat-boat  with  farm  produce,  and 
sent  it  to  New  Orleans,  his  son  being  in  charge  as  super- 
cargo. The  long  voyage  of  two  thousand  miles  was  safely 
though  slowly  made,  and  was  followed  by  others  in  suc- 
ceeding years.  In  1829  he  started  in  a mercantile  career, 
in  the  copartnership  of  Gates  & Kinney,  and  in  1832  com- 
menced private  banking.  P’or  a number  of  years  he  was 


348 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


successfully  engaged  in  this  business,  his  banking  house 
being  known  as  that  of  Kinney  & Co.  In  1851,  associated 
with  some  other  enterprising  citizens,  he  conceived  and 
carried  out  the  idea  of  constructing  the  Scioto  & Hocking 
Valley  Railroad,  having  its  southern  terminus  at  Ports- 
mouth. He  was  made  the  Treasurer  of  the  company,  ne- 
gotiated its  bonds,  purchased  the  iron  for  the  road-bed,  and 
saw  the  great  undertaking,  materially  advanced  by  his 
energy,  brought  to  completion  and  resulting  in  the  rapid 
development  of  the  country  which  it  traversed.  It  is  still 
the  only  railroad  in  the  county.  In  1855,  having  purchased 
the  controlling  stock  in  the  Bank  of  Portsmouth,  which 
w.as  a branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  he  was  made  its 
Cashier,  and  conducted  its  affairs  with  great  ability  up  to 
1 86 1.  Early  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  authorized  to 
raise  a three-years’  regiment,  and  rapidly  accomplished 
that  labor.  It  was  mustered  in  as  the  56th  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and,  with  Mr.  Kinney  as  its  Colonel,  took  the  field 
in  season  to  participate  in  the  important  campaign  which 
began  with  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson,  and 
included  in  its  successes  Pittsburgh  Landing,  the  siege  of 
Corinth  and  the  fall  of  Memphis.  He  then  took  his  com- 
mand to  Helena,  Arkansas,  where  the  regiment  rendered 
brilliant  services  and  greatly  added  to  its  high  reputation 
by  its  conduct  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  its  partici- 
pation in  the  operations  and  engagements  in  the  Teche  and 
Red  river  countries.  Here,  after  two  years  of  exposure  in 
the  field.  Colonel  Kinney  was  compelled  to  resign,  a cancer 
having  formed  on  his  face  and  spreading  rapidly.  He  was, 
upon  his  return  home,  successfully  treated,  and  upon  his 
recovery  went  back  to  his  old  position  of  Cashier  in  the 
Bank  of  Portsmouth,  which  in  1863  was  merged  into  the 
Portsmouth  National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent. In  1S67  he  sold  his  stock  interest  in  the  institution 
and  became  one  of  the  excursionists  in  the  “ Quaker  City” 
to  the  Holy  Land.  While  absent  he  visited  all  the  leading 
European  and  Eastern  countries,  in  addition  to  Palestine. 
Upon  his  return  he  organized  the  Bank  of  Portsmouth, 
under  a charter  of  the  State,  and  became  its  President.  He 
continued  in  his  connection  with  this  institution  until  1S72, 
when,  under  the  authority  of  the  National  Banking  act,  he 
organized  the  Kinney  National  Bank,  and  was  chosen  its 
President,  his  son,  J.  W.  Kinney,  being  installed  as  Cashier. 
They  still  retain  their  respective  positions.  Colonel  Kin- 
ney has  been  for  many  years  a prominent  member  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  in  good  standing,  and  has  aided  practi- 
cally, to  a considerable  extent,  the  missionary  and  charitable 
purposes  which  it  controls.  In  1856  he  erected  Christ 
Church,  in  Portsmouth,  at  a cost  of  eight  thousand  dollars. 
For  twenty-one  years  he  was  a member  of  the  City  Council, 
and  for  a major  portion  of  this  extended  period  its  Presi- 
dent. In  this  position  he  gave  evidence  of  progressive 
public  spirit,  and  advocated  and  helped  carry  out  many 
public  improvements  and  projects  to  enhance  the  material 
as  well  as  the  moral  well-being  of  his  fellow-citizens.  | 


] Than  this  he  has  held  no  other  civil  office.  He  is  widely 
known  as  an  able  and  sagacious  financier,  and  as  a man  of 
liberal  views  and  noble  impulses.  He  has  amassed  a very 
large  fortune,  and  resides  in  a handsome  suburban  mansion 
situated  within  a short  distance  of  where  he  was  born.  He 
is  still  in  the  possession  of  strong  mental  and  physical 
vigor,  and  attends  with  close  attention  to  the  discharge  of 
the  important  trusts  confided  to  him. 


at 


UNGREN,  SAMUEL  SMITH,  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  was  born  in  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
August  22d,  1827.  He  is  of  Swedish  origin,  his 
grandfather,  a native  of  Sweden,  having  settled 
in  America  in  ante-RevoIutionary  times,  and  es- 
tablished the  first  paper  mill  upon  Chester  creek, 
a point  below  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  vicinity  of  and  within  the 
Quaker  City,  where  he  obtained  his  elementary  education 
in  the  common  schools.  While  he  was  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  his  sixteenth  year  he  entered  the  drug  house  of 
French  & Richards,  in  Philadelphia,  on  the  corner  of  Tenth 
and  Market  streets,  and  remained  there  until  he  had  al- 
most attained  his  majority.  While  thus  employed  he  had 
charge  of  the  retail  department  of  the  establishment,  and  in 
his  leisure  hours  devoted  his  attention  to  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  also  the  acquiring  of  Latin  and  French  in  the 
night  schools  of  the  city.  In  October,  1848,  he  became  a 
student  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia;  at- 
tended a course  of  lectures  at  this  institution,  and  graduated 
there  in  March,  1850.  Leaving  Pennsylvania  he  then 
moved  to  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession  during  the  ensuing  two 
years.  He  subsequently  became,  after  mature  study  and 
reflection,  a convert  to  the  system  of  Hahnemann,  and  at- 
tended lectures  at  the  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia,  whence  he  graduated  in  March,  1852.  He 
afterward  continued  to  practise  in  accordance  with  the 
tenets  of  the  new  system  in  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  until 
November,  i860,  when,  desiring  to  enter  into  a more  ex- 
tended field  of  action,  he  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where 
he  now  resides,  constantly  and  assiduously  engaged  in  pro- 
fessional labors,  and  in  possession  of  the  respect  and  con- 
fidence of  a community  who  recognize  in  him  a skilful  and 
able  practitioner.  He  is  confessedly  one  of  the  leading 
physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  city  and  State  of  his  adop- 
tion, and  has  performed  various  surgical  operations  which 
have  been  cited  as  the  most  remarkable  cases  of  the  kind 
in  Ohio  and  the  Northwest.  He  devotes  himself  more  par- 
ticularly to  uterine  surgery,  and  in  this  branch  of  medical 
science  has,  often  under  circumstances  of  peculiar  and 
perilous  delicacy,  encountered  notable  success.  His  re- 
markably successful  “ case  of  Ciesarean  section  ” was 
crowned  with  the  happiest  results,  “ both  mother  and  child 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 


349 


being  saved.”  The  result  in  that  operation  was  due  in  a 
great  measure  to  his  use  (probably  the  first  on  record)  of 
silver  wire  sutures  in  closing  the  uterine  wound;  the  oper- 
ation was  performed  May  8th,  1875.  Within  five  weeks 
after  the  operation  the  mother  was  able  to  perform  her  cus- 
tomary domestic  duties,  including  washing,  and  both  are  now 
(February  loth,  1876)  living  and  in  good  health.  He  has 
been  President  of  the  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society, 
and  is  a contributor  to  several  medical  journals,  while,  in 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  advancement  of  medical  sci- 
ence, he  is  a zealous  and  efficient  co-laborer.  He  was 
married,  June  1st,  1848,  to  Mary  C.  Swartzuelder,  of 
Hagerstown,  Maryland;  and  again,  June  loth,  1875,  to 
Mrs.  Minnie  Farrar  West,  of  Hudson,  Ohio. 


HITTAKER,  JAME.S  T.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 
Professor  of  Physiology  in  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  was  born,  March  3d,  1843,  city 

of  Cincinnati,  but  during  his  earlier  years  resided 
in  the  neighboring  city  of  Covington,  Kentucky. 
He  received  a liberal  education,  which  he  com- 
pleted at  the  Miami  University,  at  0.\ford,  Ohio,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1863,  taking  the  first 
honor  in  the  natural  sciences.  After  leaving  college  he 
entered  the  army  as  a private  in  a three  months’  volunteer 
regiment  from  Covington,  in  which  he  remained  during  its 
service.  In  the  autumn  of  the  last-named  year  he  attended 
the  course  of  lectures  delivered  at  the  Medical  College  of 
Ohio.  When  these  were  completed  he  again  entered  the 
service  and  became  a surgeon’s  steward,  being  attached  to 
the  United  States  steamer  “ Reindeer,”  of  the  hlississippi 
river  flotilla.  During  his  term  of  service,  which  continued 
for  two  years,  he  was  twice  promoted,  and  finally  made 
Acting  Assistant-Surgeon,  in  charge  of  a hospital-boat 
stationed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cumberland  river.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the 
service,  with  an  invitation  from  the  Bureau  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery  at  Washington  to  enter  the  regular  navy.  He  de- 
cided, however,  to  resume  his  medical  studies,  which  he 
pursued  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  from  which 
ancient  seat  of  learning  he  graduated  in  1866.  He  then 
returned  home  and  attended  another  course  of  lectures  in 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and  received,  in  1867,  a 
diploma  from  that  institution.  Shortly  after  this  he  entered 
the  Cincinnati  Hospital,  as  Chief  Resident  Physician,  where 
he  continued  for  a year,  and  then  sailed  for  Europe.  Dur- 
ing his  absence  abroad  he  passerl  two  years  among  the 
most  celebrated  clinics  of  the  continent.  On  his  return 
home  to  Cincinnati  ’ne  was  appointed  Professor  of  Physi- 
ology  in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  which  position  he 
still  occupies  ; at  the  same  time  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Pathologist  to  the  Good  .Samaritan  Hospital.  After 
serving  for  four  years  in  the  latter  capacity  he  was  ap- 


pointed Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  and  still  holds  this 
position  in  that  institution.  He  has  been  editor  of  the 
C7/«A  since  its  first  issue,  in  1871.  This  serial  is  the  first 
weekly  medical  journal  established  west  of  the  Alleghenies. 
Dr.  Whittaker  is  a member  of  the  various  State  and  local 
medical  societies. 

1 1 E,  REV.  LEVI,  Clergyman,  was  born.  May 
2ist,  1798,111  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  being  one 
of  a family  of  eleven  children,  eight  sons  and 
three  daughters.  In  1815  young  Levi  and  some 
of  his  brothers  joined  the  Methodist  Church,  of 
which  his  mother  and  one  sister  had  already  be- 
come members;  and  not  long  after  his  father  and  all  the 
other  children  united  with  the  same  faith  and  fold,  and 
their  house  became  a preaching-place  in  the  old  Miami 
Circuit.  Levi,  warm  in  his  first  love,  received  a clear  con- 
viction that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel ; and  the 
church  recognized  his  gifts  as  well  as  his  grace,  and  en- 
couraged him  to  exercise  those  gifts  in  exhortation.  He 
was  accordingly  licensed  as  an  exhorter  by  Alexander 
Cummings,  one  of  the  early  pioneer  ministers.  For  several 
years  he  was  an  efficient  and  successful  exhorter,  and  then 
received  authority  to  preach.  Having  consecrated  himself 
to  God’s  service,  he  determined  to  devote  his  time  and 
talents  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  the  autumn 
of  1822  he  was  recommended  by  his  district  conference  to 
the  Ohio  Conference  as  a suitable  person  to  be  admitted 
into  the  travelling  ministry  of  the  church.  He  was  cordially 
received  and  appointed  to  Oxford  Circuit,  and  during  the 
period  of  forty-four  years  received  the  same  number  of 
annual  appointments  from  the  authorities  of  the  church, 
cheerfully  accepting  them  all  and  applying  himself  with  un- 
tiring zeal,  energy  and  industry  to  promote  the  cause  of' his 
Divine  Master.  These  appointments  were  confined  to 
twentv-two  different  circuits;  in  some  of  them  belabored 
only  for  a single  year,  while  to  others  two,  three,  and  in 
one  instance  five  years  were  passed  in  preaching  the  gospel, 
though  in  a majority  of  instances  the  changes  were  made 
with  every  successive  year.  He  thus  sustained  an  effective 
relation  to  the  conference  throughout  his  whole  career, 
never  suspending  his  itinerant  labors  for  a single  year.  He 
was  always  acceptable  to  the  people  among  whom  he 
labored,  and,  judging  from  his  abundant  fruit,  he  was  a 
good  preacher.  He  had  many  excellent  and  attractive 
qualities  of  heart,  mind  and  character.  The  cliildren  of  the 
several  congregations  loved  him,  and  received  him  into 
their  .Sund.ay-schools  and  home  circles  with  a hearty  wel- 
come. His  sermons  were  plain,  practical  and  useful,  and 
often  delivered  with  great  power.  He  excelled  as  an  ex- 
horter, and  his  efforts  in  this  respect  were  usually  pathetic, 
eloquent  and  powerful.  During  his  long  ministry  he  re- 
ceived very  many  into  the  communion  of  the  church,  but 
no  record  has  been  made  of  the  number.  To  all  these  he 


350 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


was  a good  pastor  to  build  them  up  in  the  faith  and  hope 
of  the  gospel.  In  the  administration  of  discipline  the  ten- 
dencies of  his  nature  ever  inclined  him  to  be  lenient ; and 
if  he  erred  at  all,  it  was  sure  to  be  on  the  side  of  mercy 
and  according  to  the  judgment  of  charity.  He  loved  his 
family  with  the  most  intense  affection,  and  next  to  his  home 
circle  he  loved  the  society  of  Methodist  preachers.  His 
death  was  unexpected  to  himself  and  friends  until  it  was 
near  at  hand.  Only  ten  days  prior  to  its  occurrence  he 
filled  his  appointments  on  the  Lord’s  day,  preaching  twice. 
He  was  confined  to  his  bed  for  three  days  only,  and  died 
August  2 1st,  1866. 


OWYER,  WILLIAM  AN.SON,  Minister  of  the 
Gospel,  was  born  in  Farmington,  Trumbull 
county,  Ohio,  February  2d,  1835.  His  father’s 
people  emigrated  from  the  eastern  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  his  mother’s  from  the  State  of 
Massachusetts,  at  an  early  date,  and  were  among 
the  first  settlers  of  Trumbull  county.  He  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  and  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  the  neighborhood  where  he  was  brought 
up,  and  afterwards  developed  it  by  his  own  efforts  and 
energies.  In  the  fall  of  1854  he  left  home  and  went  to 
Minnesota,  where  he  spent  his  time  working  at  whatever 
came  to  his  hand  in  that  pioneer  country,  until  the  fall  of 
1856,  when  he  returned  to  Ohio.  On  November  17th, 
1854,  a few  weeks  after  his  arrival  in  Minnesota,  he  formed 
a matrimonial  alliance  with  Julia  A.  Smith,  who  also  went 
from  Ohio.  She  died  of  typhoid  fever,  December  loth, 
1856,  soon  after  their  return  to  Ohio.  On  June  24th,  1858, 
he  was  again  married  to  Louisa  J.  Cushman.  In  the  month 
of  August,  1857,  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  em- 
ployed by  the  presiding  elder,  as  an  assistant,  to  preach  on 
Thompson  Circuit,  in  the  Erie  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  In  February,  i860,  he  left  his  native 
country  again  and  went  to  the  .State  of  California,  where  he 
remained  until  the  fall  of  1861,  spending  the  larger  portion 
of  his  time  in  the  ministry,  laboring  in  the  employ  of  the 
presiding  elder  in  the  California  Conference.  While  en- 
engaged  in  this  work  his  health  again  failed,  and  he  re- 
turned to  the  place  of  his  nativity,  in  Ohio,  and  was  unable 
to  follow  any  kind  of  employment  for  a period  of  three 
years.  In  the  spring  of  1863,  his  health  having  returned, 
he  united  with  the  Allegheny  Conference  of  the  Wesleyan 
Methodist  Connection,  where  he  labored  successfully  until 
the  spring  of  1866,  when  he  dissolved  his  connection  with 
that  body  and  united  with  the  Erie  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  I-lpiscopal  Church,  in  which  he  labored  faithfully 
and  successfully  during  a term  of  five  years,  performing  an 
amount  of  labor  that  greatly  overtaxed  his  physical  powers, 
so  that  in  the  winter  of  1871  his  health  again  failed,  and  he 
was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  regular  ministry.  His  wife 
at  the  same  time  was  an  invalid,  having  suffered  for  more 


than  six  years  with  pulmonary  consumption,  and  having 
been  given  up  by  her  friends  and  physicians  as  a hopeless 
case.  His  anxiety  for  her  recovery  induced  him  to  give  his 
attention  to  the  study  of  medicine,  which  led  to  the  dis- 
covery of  a remedy  the  use  of  which,  to  the  astonishment 
of  all  her  acquaintances,  caused  her  to  recover  rapidly  until 
she  was  restored  to  remarkably  good  health  (which  she 
still  retains  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  four  years).  He  then 
began  to  manufacture  the  medicine  for  the  use  of  others 
afflicted  in  like  manner,  who  used  it  with  the  most  satis- 
factory results ; and  it  was  soon  found  that  his  discovery 
possessed  the  most  wonderful  virtues,  and  he  saw  a grand 
field  open  in  which  he  could  perform  a large  amount  of 
good  by  making  the  manufacture  of  his  remedy  a business, 
which  he  is  now  doing  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  His  discovery 
for  the  cure  of  consumption  consists  of  two  special  rem- 
edies, which  are  called  Life  Balsam  for  the  Lungs  and 
Tonic  Compound  for  the  Blood,  and  both  together  are 
named  Bowyer’s  Specific  Remedy  for  Consumption  and 
General  Debility.  His  study  and  extensive  research  into 
the  science  of  medicine  has  also  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of  a very  superior  remedy  for  pain,  which  is  known  as 
Bowyer’s  King  of  Pain.  Mr.  Bowyer  now  sustains  the 
relation  to  the  conference  of  a supernumerary  member,  and 
exercises  his  gifts  in  the  ministry  as  he  has  occasion,  labor- 
ing to  the  best  of  his  ability  to  do  good  both  to  the  souls 
and  bodies  of  the  human  family. 


EATRICK,  JOHN  F.,  Attorney  and  Insurance 
Agent,  was  born  in  the  old  Arcade  building, 
Chambersburg,  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  26th,  1829.  In  the  fall  of  1834  he 
moved  with  his  parents,  also  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, to  Fredericksburg,  Wayne  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  attended  school  until  his  eighteenth  year  was 
attained.  He  then  remov'ed  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  there 
remaining  until  1851,  when  he  returned  to  Fredericksburg, 
Ohio,  where  he  resided  until  March,  1853.  He  afterward 
visited  Defiance,  Ohio,  purposing  to  establish  a woollen 
factory  in  this  place  ; ' but,  after  remaining  there  through  a 
summer,  he  concluded  to  relinquish  his  design,  prospects 
appearing  not  sufficiently  favorable.  He  then  taught  school 
during  one  winter,  and  subsequently,  for  two  years,  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  then  moved  into  the 
city  and  entered  the  law  office  of  David  Taylor,  his  wife’s 
brother,  and,  after  completing  a course  of  legal  studies,  was 
admitted  to  practise  about  the  year  1856.  In  1858  he 
connected  himself  with  the  insurance  business,  primarily  as 
■Special  Agent  for  the  Phoenix  Insurance  Company,  of 
Hartford,  which  position  he  retained  for  ten  years.  At  the 
present  time  he  still  controls  an  extensive  agency  business 
for  the  leading  fire  insurance  companies  of  the  countiy,  and 
is  widely  and  favorably  known  as  an  energetic  and  able 


L. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


351 


man  of  business.  Ovving  undoubtedly  to  tbe  fact  that  he 
has  always  been  a consistent  and  an  active  ally  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  a county  which  is  controlled  strongly  by 
Democratic  views,  he  has  never  held  any  public  office.  He 
has  been  a candidate,  however,  of  the  Republican  party  for 
the  position  of  Probate  Judge,  and  also  of  Representative, 
an  office  for  which  he  is  admirably  qualified  by  his  all- 
embracing  knowledge  of  the  many  interests,  great  and 
small,  centring  in  his  section  of  the  State.  On  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Defiance  Insurance  Company  he  was  chosen 
one  of  the  Directors,  and  by  the  body  of  Directors  was 
elected  Manager  and  Secretary  of  the  enterprise ; in  this 
insurance  company  he  is  a heavy  stockholder  and  possesses 
much  influence.  He  is  a stockholder  and  Director  also  in 
the  Defiance  National  Bank,  and  is  Deputy  United  States 
Marshal  of  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio,  a position  held  by 
him  since  1862.  He  was  married,  December  28th,  1853,  in 
Findley,  Ohio,  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Kellam,  to  Nan  Taylor,  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  John  Taylor,  ex-member  of  the  Ohio  Senate. 


Tfl'l  ENOCH  G.,  Chief  of  the  Fire  Depart- 

ment  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  that  city  June 
^11  I 20th,  1820,  and  is  the  second  of  three  children, 
whose  parents  were  Joseph  and  Mary  (Gest) 
J Megrue,  natives  of  Clermont  county,  Ohio.  His 
ancestry  on  both  sides  of  the  family  were  of  Revo- 
lutionary stock,  and  were  also  active  participants  in  the  last 
war  with  Great  Britain,  and  were  also  among  the  earliest 
settlers  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  His  father  was  a merchant  at 
Millford,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  where  he  died  in  the  year 
1822  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-two,  from  excessive  phle- 
botomy, it  being  the  common  practice  among  the  physicians 
of  those  days  to  resort  to  blood-letting  as  a cure  for  every 
disease;  his  mother  died  in  Cincinnati  in  the  year  1864. 
The  early  education  of  Enoch  was  a liberal  one,  and  ob- 
tained in  the  schools  of  his  native  city.  When  but  eleven 
years  of  age  he  entered  the  blacksmith  shop  of  Isaac  Treat, 
where  he  continued  for  about  three  years;  and  to  this  occu- 
pation, at  so  youthful  an  age,  united  with  good  habits,  may 
be  attributed  much  of  his  past  and  present  physical  strength 
and  power  of  endurance.  He  next  entered  the  machine 
shop  of  Jabez  Reynolds,  and  there  familiarized  himself  with 
that  business,  especially  in  the  “finishing”  department. 
After  remaining  there  nearly  four  years,  in  the  latter  part 
of  June,  1836,  he  learned  the  cabinet-making  and  furniture 
business  with  P.  Rust  & Son,  and  this  occupation  confined 
his  attention  for  about  seven  years ; subsequently  he  carried 
on  the  business  of  an  undertaker.  He  had  been  a promi- 
nent and  active  member  of  the  Volunteer  Fire  Department 
up  to  the  date  of  the  organization  of  the  “ Cincinnati  Fire 
Department”  on  February  9th,  1853,  with  one  steam  fire- 
engine,  the  “ Uncle  Joe  Ross;  ” and  four  weeks  thereafter, 
March  gth,  1853,  the  whole  “paid  department”  was  put  in 


full  operation  by  ordinance  of  the  City  Council.  J.  H. 
Walker  was  the  first  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fire 
Department.  On  April  ist,  1855,  F.  G.  Megrue  became 
Assistant  Engineer,  and  performed  the  duties  of  that  office 
for  two  years,  when  he  was  appointed  Chief,  April  1st,  1857, 
by  Council,  and  has  served  ever  since,  a period  of  nearly 
nineteen  years,  with  great  faithfulness  and  efficiency  in  this 
most  honorable  and  responsible  office.  It  may  be  observed 
in  this  connection  that  since  Captain  Megrue  was  first  en- 
rolled in  the  Paid  Fire  Department  it  has  become,  as  a 
system,  inferior  to  none  other  of  a like  character  in  the 
United  States.  The  year  1853  was  the  date  when  steam 
fire-engines  were  first  introduced,  and  Cincinnati  was  the 
birthplace  of  these  valuable  and  efficient  machines  in 
America.  Cincinnati  now  claims  her  Fire  Department  as 
the  model  one  of  the  United  States,  and  one  of  the  most 
efficient  in  the  world.  Her  system  has  been  and  is  being 
adopted  everywhere  in  the  country.  Every  movement  is 
made  with  a promptness,  celerity  and  system,  which  it  has 
taken  years  of  close  attention  and  discipline  to  attain.  On 
April  29th,  1873,  State  Legislature  passed  an  Act  to 
create  a Board  of  Fire  Commissioners,  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Mayor  of  Cincinnati.  P.  W.  Strader  became  the  first 
President  of  the  Board,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  L. 
Thompson,  April  ist,  1874.  The  appointments  of  the  mem- 
bers of  this  Board  are  made  irrespective  of  the  political 
opinions  of  these  gentlemen  ; they  are  selected  from  among 
the  best  citizens,  and  are  five  in  number.  The  control  of 
the  Fire  Department  is  entirely  in  their  hands,  and  every 
member  of  the  department  is  thoroughly  and  completely 
devoted  to  its  service.  When  an  appointment  is  made,  the 
only  question  considered  is  whether  the  appointee  is  morally 
and  physically  capable  of  performing  his  duties,  and  whether 
he  is  sober,  industrious  and  brave,  and  there  is  a spirit  of 
emulation  and  “esprit  du  corps”  to  be  found  in  no  other 
department.  Another  cause  of  the  success  which  has  at- 
tended the  Cincinnati  Fire  Department  is  in  its  magnificent 
apparatus.  As  already  stated.  Captain  Megrue  has  held  his 
position  since  April  ist,  1857,  having  been  re  elected  Chief 
immediately  prior  to  the  expiration  of  each  term  of  office. 
In  June,  1873,  he  was  elected  for  a term  of  three  years; 
and  such  is  the  universal  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  the 
citizens  of  Cincinnati,  regardless  of  politics,  that  there  is  no 
doubt  of  his  retention  in  the  position.  Upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  Department  by  the  City 
Council,  he  became  its  Superintendent  in  addition  to  his 
duties  as  Chief  Engineer.  Religiously,  politically  and 
socially,  he  is  a man  of  liberal  views.  As  an  admiral  of 
the  fleet  owes  his  allegiance  to  the  government  symbolized 
by  the  flag  that  floats  above  him,  so  does  Captain  Megrue 
bend  his  every  faculty  to  render  still  more  efficient  the 
noble  fire  department  with  which  he  has  been  connected  in 
some  capacity  for  over  thirty-eight  years.  He  is  undoubt- 
edly a man  of  great  integrity  of  character,  of  dauntless 
courage,  of  excellent  judgment  and  indomitable  resohition. 


352 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ilis  life  has  been,  on  very  many  occasions,  in  the  most 
imminent  danger,  and  in  a dozen  cases  at  least  have  his 
wounds  been  of  a serious  nature.  During  a large  fire  in 
Cincinnati  in  July,  1875,  he  was  buried  in  the  falling  ruins 
with  eleven  of  his  daring  men — three  of  whom  were  killed 
— and  was  completely  obscured,  to  be  dug  out  after  two 
hours’  work  by  his  department  in  a crippled  condition, 
from  which  he  is  slowly  recovering.  The  general  gloom 
which  overhung  the  city  when  the  knowledge  of  his  severe 
injuries  became  publicly  known,  and  the  countless  inquiries 
at  head-quarters  as  to  his  condition,  attested  the  high  de- 
gree of  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  all  classes  of  the 
people.  Captain  Megriie  was  married,  December  25th, 
1845,  to  Ann  Levy,  a native  of  Kentucky,  a sister  of 
Captain  George  Levy,  now  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Louisville 
p'ire  Department,  and  is  the  father  of  six  children. 


ENEY,  JOSHUA  ROBERT,  ex-Judge  and  Law- 
yer, was  born  at  Tiffin,  Ohio,  March  30th,  1839. 
Ilis  grandfather,  Joshua  Seney,  married  a daugh- 
ter of  Commodore  Nicholson,  was  a member  of 
the  first  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  re- 
signed his  seat  in  the  second  Congress  to  accept 
a judicial  office  in  Maryland.  His  father,  Joshua  Seney, 
was  commissioned  by  President  Jackson  as  a Federal  Judge 
of  Pennsylvania,  but  never  qualified.  He  was  four  years  at 
Antioch  College,  Ohio,  during  the  Presidency  of  Horace 
Mann,  and  subsequently  entered  the  junior  class  of  Union 
College,  New  York,  where  he  graduated  in  i860.  He  read 
law  under  Judge  Pill.irs  at  Tiffin,  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tise at  Fremont,  Ohio,  in  1862.  Was  Sutler  of  the  loist 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantiy  from  1862  until  his 
removal  to  Toledo.  He  came  to  Toledo  in  December, 
1864,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Was  elected  a Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Dis- 
trict of  Ohio  in  April,  1871,  which  office  he  resigned  in 
October,  1874,  to  resume  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
was  married  at  Kalida,  Ohio,  December  24th,  1867,  to 
Julia  Rice,  a sister  of  General  Rice,  member  of  Congress 
from  the  Fifth  District.  He  votes  the  Democratic  ticket. 


TEEDMAN,  JAMES  BLAIR,  Printer,  Soldier, 
and  Major-General  United  States  Volunteers,  was 
born,  July  29th,  1817,  in  Chillisquaque  township, 
Northumberland  county,  Penn.sylvania,  of  Scotch 
parentage.  He  received  his  education  in  a village 
school  house  in  Lewisburg,  Union  county,  in  the 
same  State.  He  became  an  orphan  when  thirteen  years  old, 
and  was  obliged  to  labor  hard  to  earn  a support  for  himself, 
sister  and  two  brothers,  and  after  leaving  school  became  an 
apprentice  to  the  printing  business.  He  next  became  en- 


gaged on  the  public  works  as  a contractor,  in  which  avo- 
cation he  continued  for  eight  years.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1841,  and  re-elected  in 
1842.  In  1851  he  was  elected  a member  and  President  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  of  Ohio,  and  served  for  a period 
of  four  years  in  that  office.  In  1857  he  was  elected  Printer 
to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States.  On 
the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  he  was  elected,  by  the  votes 
of  the  members  of  the  14th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers, 
the  Colonel  of  that  command,  and  immediately  left  for  the 
field.  With  this  regiment  he  took  the  town  of  Parkersburg, 
Virginia,  in  May,  1861,  capturing  a large  amount  of  rolling 
stock  in  the  railroad  depot.  He  then  moved,  with  his 
command,  on  the  northwestern  branch  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad  to  Webster,  rebuilding  the  bridges  over 
Petroleum  and  Toll  Gate  creeks,  which  had  been  destroyed 
by  the  enemy;  this  work  was  completed  in  thirty  hours. 
He  participated,  with  his  regiment,  in  the  battle  of  Philippi, 
June  3d,  1861,  and  led  the  advance  in  pursuit  of  the  rebels 
under  General  Garnet,  from  Laurel  Hill  to  Garrick’s  P'ord, 
where  his  regiment  attacked  Garnet’s  command,  fighting  it 
alone  for  forty-five  minutes,  killing  the  general  and  routing 
his  forces.  In  July,  1861,  he  returned  home  and  reorgan- 
ized the  regiment,  of  which  he  was  appointed  Colonel,  and, 
with  his  command,  went  to  Kentucky  in  September,  1861, 
reporting  to  General  George  H.  Thomas,  commanding 
Camp  Dick  Robinson.  He  was  sent,  with  his  regiment,  by 
order  of  General  Thomas,  to  Bourbon  county,  where  he 
broke  up  and  dispersed  a rebel  regiment  which  was  being 
organized  by  Humphrey  Marshall.  He  then  returned  to 
Camp  Dick  Robinson,  when  he  was  sent,  with  his  com- 
mand, to  Wild  Cat,  which  he  reached  in  time  to  save  the 
2d  Kentucky  Regiment  under  Colonel  Garrard,  and  assist 
in  whipping  and  routing  the  rebels  under  General  Zolli- 
coffer.  He  then  marched  to  Lebanon,  Kentucky,  where 
he  joined  Thomas  and  thence  proceeded  to  Mill  .Springs,  in 
which  battle  he  commanded  his  regiment.  He  returned 
with  Thomas  to  Lebanon,  thence  marched  to  Louisville ; 
and  immediately  after  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  went  with 
his  regiment  to  Nashville.  From  this  latter  city  he  marched 
to  Shiloh,  and,  under  the  command  of  General  Thomas, 
participated  in  that  battle.  After  the  fall  of  Corinth  he  was 
engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  Bragg’s  army.  He  served  with 
Thomas  in  the  campaign,  which  culminated  in  the  battle 
of  Perryville,  Kentucky,  in  which  action,  having  been 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  he  commanded 
the  brigade  of  General  R.  L.  McCook,  who  had  been  mur- 
dered in  Alabama.  In  the  battle  of  Stone  River  he  was  on 
the  extreme  right  flank,  but  his  troops  were  not  engaged. 
After  this  battle  he  was  assigned  to  the  First  Division  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  ten  thousand  strong,  and  posted 
at  Triune,  Tennessee,  where,  for  sixty  days,  his  command 
was  almost  daily  engaged  in  skirmishing  with  the  enemy. 
In  May,  1863,  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  post 
of  Murfreesboro’  and  the  railroad  defences,  and  in  the  fol- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


353 


lowing  August  was  relieved  from  this  command  by  General 
Rosecrans,  and  ordered  to  the  front  in  command  of  the 
First  Division  of  the  Reserve  Corps.  On  September  l6th, 
1S63,  he  received  orders  to  make  a reconnoissance  in  the 
direction  of  Ringgold,  Georgia,  and  marched  to  that  point, 
skirmishing  with  the  enemy  lor  three  hours  before  reaching 
the  town.  After  a severe  skirmish  with  the  advance  of 
Longstreet’s  corps  he  fell  back  to  the  Chickamauga  river, 
where  he  received  an  order  to  hold  the  bridge,  on  which 
the  main  road  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta  crossed  that 
stream.  This  position  he  held  during  the  19th,  the  f.rst 
day  of  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  On  Sunday,  the  20th, 
he  abandoned  the  bridge  and  went  to  the  support  of  Gen- 
eral Thomas,  arriving,  with  his  command,  in  time  to  save 
the  remnant  of  the  army  on  the  field  from  rout  and  capture. 
His  command  sufifered  severely,  losing  about  three  thousand 
men  in  two  hours.  His  horse  was  shot  under  him.  For  the 
part  he  bore  in  this  terrible  battle  he  was  made  a Major- 
General,  on  a telegram  to  President  Lincoln  asking  his 
promotion  for  distinguished  and  gallant  services  on  the 
field,  and  signed  by  Generals  Rosecrans,  Thomas  and 
Granger.  When  General  Sherman  advanced  from  Chatta- 
nooga in  April,  1864,  General  Steedman  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  District  of  the  Etowah,  extending 
from  Stevenson,  Alabama,  to  the  rear  line  of  the  army,  and 
to  control  the  railroads  in  the  head-quarters  at  Chatta- 
nooga. This  position  he  held  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  June,  1864,  the  rebel  cavalry  under  General  Wheeler 
having  passed  around  the  right  flank  of  Sherman,  struck  the 
railroad  nine  miles  south  of  Dalton,  Georgia,  where  he 
captured  two  companies  of  the  8th  Iowa  Infantry.  He 
then  invested  Dalton  with  fifty-five  hundred  cavalry,  de- 
manding the  surrender  of  the  garrison — the  2d  Missouri 
Infantry — under  the  command  of  Colonel  Siebald,  who 
refused  to  surrender ; and  General  Steedman,  in  personal 
command  of  two  regiments,  the  14th  United  States  Colored 
and  the  58th  Indiana  Infantry,  moved  by  railroad,  reached 
a point  nine  miles  north  of  Dalton,  where  he  left  the  cars 
and  moved  stealthily  in  the  night  close  up  to  the  enemy, 
where  he  halted,  and  at  daylight  rushed  upon  him,  routing 
with  twelve  hundred  men  Wheeler’s  entire  force,  and 
re.scuing  the  garrison.  When  Hood — after  Sherman  moved 
in  his  “ March  to  the  Sea” — menaced  Nashville,  General 
Steedman  without  waiting  for  orders  went  with  fourteen 
thousand  men  on  fourteen  trains  of  cars  from  Chattanooga 
to  Nashville,  arriving  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle. 
He  was  placed  in  command  of  the  left  wing  of  Thomas’ 
army,  and  made  the  first  attack  on  Hood’s  forces,  driving 
them  over  half  a mile  and  capturing  two  lines  of  earth- 
works. On  the  second  day  he  united  wdth  the  Fourth 
Corps,  under  the  command  of  General  T.  L.  Wood,  and 
being  the  ranking  officer  General  Steedman  directed  the 
operations  of  both  corps  and  routed  the  enemy  at  Overton 
Hill.  After  the  battle  he  was  sent  by  General  Thomas, 
with  his  corps,  by  way  of  Murfreesboro’  to  Stevenson  and 
45 


Huntsville,  if  possible,  to  intercept  the  routed,  fieeing  rebels 
under  Hood  at  P'lorence,  but  the  main  body  of  the  enemy 
had  crossed  the  Tennessee  river  before  Steedman  reached 
P'lorence.  His  command,  however,  broke  up  and  captured 
a large  number  of  rebel  cavalry  under  General  Rhoddy. 
He  then  returned  to  Chattanooga,  and  was  shortly  after- 
wards assigned  to  the  command  of  the  State  of  Georgia, 
with  his  head-quarters  at  Augusta,  where  he  remained  until 
April,  1866,  when  he  was  detailed,  by  order  of  Secretary 
Stanton,  to  make  a tour  of  the  Southern  States  and  inspect 
the  Freedmen’s  Bureau,  which  service  he  duly  performed, 
and  in  September,  1866,  resigned  his  commission  of  (full) 
Major-General.  In  P'ebruary,  1867,  he  was  appointed  Col- 
lector of  Internal  Revenue  at  New  Orleans.  After  his  re- 
turn to  Ohio  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Ohio,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
resignation  of  Hon.  M.  R.  Waite,  who  had  been  appointed 
Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court.  General 
Steedman  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wdfe,  to  whom 
he  was  united  in  1838,  was  Sarah  M.  Stiles.  He  was  again 
married,  in  1874,  to  Rose  H.  Barr,  who  died  February  7th, 
1876.  He  is  now  editor  of  the  A’orthern  Ohio  Democrat, 
published  at  Toledo,  Ohio. 


EAN,  HON.  EZRA  V.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  October 
22d,  1825,  at  Wooster,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  and 
is  the  eldest  of  two  children,  whose  parents  w'ere 
Ezra  and  Eliza  (Naylor)  Dean.  His  father 
(whose  biographical  sketch  appears  elsewhere  in 
this  volume)  was  a native  of  Columbia  county. 
New  York,  of  English  extraction,  and  follow'ed  an  agricul- 
tural life  during  his  youth,  afterwards  becoming  a prominent 
attorney-at-law ; he  was  also  an  officer  during  the  war  of 
1812,  and  an  early  settler  in  Ohio,  locating  at  Wooster  in 
1822,  where  he  married  Eliza,  daughter  of  William  Naylor, 
farmer  and  surveyor,  who  had  removed  from  Elizabeth- 
town, Allegheny  county,  I’ennsylvania,  in  1813,  and  settled 
in  Wooster.  This  family  was  of  .Scotch-Irish  ancestry. 
She  died  in  July,  1872,  about  six  months  after  the  death  of 
Judge  Dean.  Their  son,  Ezra  V.,  was  most  carefully 
trained  by  his  parents  in  both  moral  and  industrious  habits. 
He  received  a liberal  education  both  at  Oberlin  and  Hud- 
son Colleges  in  Ohio,  concluding  his  studies  at  Jefferson 
College, Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania,  from  which  institution 
of  learning  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1847.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  commenced  reading  law  with  his  father,  and 
for  a period  of  four  years  was  so  occupied.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1850,  and  immediately  became  an  asso- 
ciate with  hts  father  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature, 
wherein  he  served  one  term  of  two  years,  and  was  at  that 
time  the  youngest  member  of  that  body.  In  1862  he  accom- 
panied the  I20th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  aa 


354 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXVCLOICEDIA. 


Quartermaster,  and  was  subsequently  made  Brigade  Quar- 
termaster, serving  as  such  for  some  considerable  time.  He 
saw  service  mainly  in  the  Southwest,  being  present  during 
the  siege  and  at  the  surrender  of  Vicksburg.  He  remained 
in  Wooster  until  the  autumn  of  1864,  engaged  in  the  active 
control  of  an  extensive  legal  practice  in  connection  with  his 
father.  At  the  date  last  mentioned,  he  removed  to  Ironton, 
Lawrence  county,  where  he  was  joined  by  his  father  in 
1S67,  and  where  he  has  since  resided  and  continued  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  and  been  the  recipient  of  an  extensive 
patronage.  In  1867  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  Lawrence  county,  notwithstanding  it  was  a Republican 
stronghold,  and  he  was  a candidate  for  the  Legislature  in 
1S73.  IIs  ever  been  identified  with  the  Democratic 
party,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lewis  Cass,  the  candidate 
of  the  regular  Democrats  in  1848.  In  religious  faith  he  is 
a Presbyterian.  Socially  he  is  pleasant  and  affable.  His 
integrity  of  character  is  unquestionable,  and  he  has  ever 
been  remarkable  for  untiring  energy  and  industry.  He  was 
married,  1 85 1,  to  Charlotte,  a daughter  of  Daniel  W'eaver, 
of  Wooster. 

IRBV,  JACOB,  and  his  twin  brother.  Colonel 
Moses  H.  Kirby,  of  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio,  were 
born  in  Halifax  county,  Virginia,  on  May  21st, 
1798,  the  children  of  Obediah  and  Ruth  Kirby, 
who  were  of  the  Orthodox  Friends’  persuasion. 
Obediah  Kirby  died  in  1808,  in  Halifax  county, 
Virginia,  leaving  his  wife  and  five  sons  surviving  him.  In 
1S14  the  widow,  with  her  four  surviving  sons  (the  eldest, 
Samuel,  having  been  killed  in  the  defence  of  Norfolk,  Vir- 
ginia, in  the  war  of  1812),  removed  from  Virginia  and 
settled  in  Hillsborough,  Ohio,  where  she  remained  for  some 
time,  until  after  the  marriage  of  her  sons,  with  whom  she 
made  her  home  alternately  until  1838,  when  she  died  at  the 
house  of  her  son  John,  in  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio.  The 
widowed  mother  bestowed  all  her  energy  and  means  in 
giving  to  her  twdn  sons  a liberal  education.  At  an  early 
age  they  were  sent  to  a classical  school  taught  by  the  Rev. 
James  Gilleland,  near  Ripley,  Ohio,  where  they  were  pre- 
pared for  college,  and  from  that  school  were  sent  by  their 
mother  to  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  at  Chapel  Hill, 
where  they  graduated  in  1819.  After  they  had  finished 
their  collegiate  education,  they  returned  to  Ohio,  where 
Jacob  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  Moses  that 
of  law'.  During  the  study  of  his  profession,  Jacob  was  sent 
to  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  in  the 
medical  department  of  which  he  graduated  in  1823,  Dr. 
Dudley  being  at  that  time  President.  After  his  return  from 
Transylvania  University  he  commenced  the  practice  of  med- 
icine in  Hillsborough,  Ohio,  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Jasper 
Hand,  an  eminent  and  highly  educated  physician  from 
Philadelphia,  and  from  1823  up  to  his  last  illness,  a period 
of  nearly  fifty  years,  among  his  various  other  public  duties. 


Dr.  Jacob  Kirby  continuously  pursued  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Highland  county,  in  the  most  laborious,  suc- 
cessful and  unselfish  manner.  On  P'ebruary  28th,  1825,  Dr. 
Kirby  was  united  by  marriage  to  Rachel  Woodrow',  second 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Nancy  Woodrow,  of  Hillsborough, 
Ohio.  From  1829  to  1835  he  with  Hiram  Campbell  con- 
trolled and  edited  the  Hillsborough  Gazette.  In  1834  he  w'as 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  in  1835  to  the 
State  Senate  from  the  counties  of  Highland  and  Fayette. 
Moses  H.  Kirby,  the  tw'in  brother,  studied  law  with  General 
Richard  Collins,  and  after  his  admission  to  the  bar  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1S25  for  Highland 
county,  and  continued  in  that  office  until  1830;  he  also 
represented  Highland  county  in  the  Legislature  in  1826, 
r827  and  1830.  During  this  last  term  of  service  he  w'as 
elected  Secretary  of  State,  and  after  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  office  as  Secretary,  never  made  Highland  county  his 
home.  At  this  period  the  dual  life  of  the  twin  brothers  in 
their  joint  and  several  action  and  influence  in  Highland 
county  ceased ; but  though  separated,  their  love,  like  that 
of  David  and  Jonathan,  was  wonderful,  as  was  evinced  by 
Colonel  Kirby’s  touching  remark  after  the  burial  of  his 
brother,  “ I feel  like  half  of  me  is  gone.”  Dr.  Kirby,  by 
his  marriage  with  Rachel  Woodrow  (who  was  also  of 
Quaker  parentage),  became  united  w'ith  a large  and  influen- 
tial family,  and  by  the  joint  birthright  of  himself  and  wife 
with  the  Friends,  he  was  always  devoted  to  that  people 
and  they  to  him.  He  left  surviving  him  his  w'idow,  Rachel 
Kirby,  and  tw'o  daughters,  Mrs.  Ann  Smith,  wife  of  Dr. 
William  R.  .Smith,  and  their  four  children;  IJzzie  Kirby, 
the  youngest  daughter,  and  also  the  children  of  his  second 
daughter  (deceased),  Mrs.  Ruth  Pugsley,  formerly  wife  of 
Mr.  Walter  Pugsley,  all  of  w'hom  W'ere  as  profound  mourners 
at  his  death  as  they  had  been  in  every  relation  devoted  to 
him  in  his  life.  On  March  26th,  1S73,  he  died  at  near  the 
completion  of  his  seventy-fifth  year.  In  the  relation  of  son, 
husband,  and  father,  he  cherished  the  most  sensitive  regard 
and  care,  though  he  studiously  abstained  from  mere  displays 
in  the  observation  of  the  world.  His  character  w'as  well 
defined  by  individuality.  With  a nature  exceedingly  sensi- 
tive, he  approached  the  discharge  of  every  public  and  pro- 
fessional duty  with  caution,  but  yet  with  a quiet  determina- 
tion and  industrious  purpose  to  accomplish  whatsoever,  on 
any  occasion,  seemed  to  him  to  be  his  duty.  Unobtrusive 
in  his  manners,  and  utterly  void  of  policy,  he  possessed  the 
art  of  attaching  to  himself,  in  all  classes  of  society,  and 
among  a wide  circle  of  acquaintances  in  the  State,  a peculiar 
confidence  and  esteem.  Eccentric  in  his  manners  and  ex- 
pressions of  thought,  he  frequently  appeared  to  disdain  the 
conventionalities  of  society,  yet  at  the  same  time  he  was 
remarkably  refined  in  his  feelings,  possessing  a keen  appre- 
ciation of  kindness,  and  almost  a morbid  aversion  to  giving 
trouble.  His  innocent  unselfish  honesty  grappled  to  him 
with  hooks  of  steel  the  confidence  of  all  who  consulted  him, 
whether  in  his  profession  or  about  their  troubles,  and  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


355 


admitted  knowledge  and  undoubted  scholarship  made  him 
a champion  upon  all  occasions  in  the  cause  of  education, 
sound  morals,  and  the  elevation  of  the  tone  of  society  for  all 
permanent  and  useful  purposes.  Knowledge  was  his  ideal, 
and  hence  he  was  always  an  inquisitive  student.  Simplicity 
of  taste  was  his  shield  against  covetousness  and  the  display 
of  riches,  and  hence  in  the  ministration  of  his  profession, 
among  the  rich  and  the  poor,  he  was  perfectly  indifferent  to 
the  worldly  circumstances  of  his  patient,  never  claiming 
what  the  rich  ought  to  pay  him,  never  complaining  if  the 
poor  did  not  pay  him.  His  services  were  scattered  like 
autumn  leaves,  and  no  account  of  them  was  kept  in  any 
book,  no  promissory  note  evidenced  the  value  of  his  labors, 
no  bank  account  ever  showed  his  deposits,  no  hidden  chest 
ever  concealed  his  gold.  Medical  phrase  would  now  here 
naturally  flow  to  the  pen,  in  expanding  and  bringing  out  the 
peculiar  and  most  striking  features  of  Dr.  Kirby’s  character, 
but  the  daily  events  of  a laborious  life,  unrecompensed  toil, 
profound  sympathy  with  human  suffering,  indifference  as  to 
personal  health  and  comfort  whilst  absorbed  in  the  discharge 
of  duty,  and  a striking  modesty  in  claiming  his  dues,  super- 
sedes the  use  of  phrases.  Thoroughly  educated  in  every 
department  of  his  profession,  and  thoroughly  skilled  and 
practised  in  the  most  of  them,  he  gave  especial  attention  to 
obstetrics,  and  for  fifty  years,  in  palace  and  hovel,  through 
all  hours  of  summer’s  scorching  sunshine  and  winter’s  storm 
and  darkness,  was  he  hastened  to  the  home  of  the  sufferer, 
and  on  such  occasions,  numbering  near  four  thousand,  suc- 
cess has  embalmed  him  in  the  grateful  memory  of  woman. 


J.  Benham,  and  Edward  D.  Mansfield;  of  those  able  pre- 
ceptors, but  one,  E.  D.  Mansfield,  is  now  living.  In  the 
spring  of  1837  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  the  ensu- 
ing fall  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
having  in  October  of  that  year  married  Mary,  the  daughter 
of  John  C.  Wright.  In  the  spring  of  1840,  however,  he 
returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and 
entered  the  law  firm  of  Wright  & Walker.  His  political 
attachments  allied  him  originally  with  the  W’hig  party,  to 
which  he  belonged  so  long  as  it  maintained  its  organization. 
He  afterward,  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  acted  with 
the  Republican  organization.  He  has  outlived  his  partisan 
feeling,  however,  and  of  late  years  exercised  the  privilege 
of  an  independent  voter,  having  regard  mainly  to  the  ability 
and  integrity  of  candidates  for  office  rather  than  to  their 
party  affiliations.  His  life  has  been  devoted  chiefly  to  his 
profession,  and  he  has  never  sought  political  office,  nor  had 
any  taste  for  the  alluring  turmoil  and  exciting  warfare  of 
party  politics.  He  was  for  a short  time  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati,  having  been  appointed, 
by  Governor  Hayes  to  fill  the  vacancy  on  that  bench  occa- 
sioned by  the  resignation  of  the  late  Judge  Stover;  and  in 
the  fall  of  1873  was  elected  a member  from  Hamilton 
county  of  the  late  Constitutional  Convention  of  Ohio,  to  fill 
a vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Josiah  L.  Keck. 
These  responsible  positions  were  filled  by  him  wdth  fidelity, 
and  an  ability  which  secured  the  warm  commendation  of 
the  bench  and  bar  as  w'ell  as  the  general  community.  Apart 
also  from  his  professional  attainments,  his  fund  of  scholarly, 
literary’  and  general  knowledge  is  rich  and  varied. 


IXER,  HON.  JOHN  L.,  ex-Judge  and  Lawyer, 
was  born  in  what  is  now  Madison  county,  Ohio, 
March  8th,  1810.  His  father,  Isaac  Miner,  a 
native  of  Massachusetts,  removed  from  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  to  Ohio,  in  1806.  As  a rep- 
resentative in  the  Legislature,  from  Madison 
county,  and  afterwards  as  a member  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  Canal  Commissioners,  he  became  w'ell  and  favor- 
ably known  among  the  leading  men  of  the  State  of  his  day ; 
in  1822  he  purchased  a farm  on  the  w'est  side  of  the  Scioto 
river,  just  below  Columbus,  where  he  died  in  December, 
1831.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  entered  Kenyon  College 
in  the  fall. of  1827,  then  located  temporarily  near  Worth- 
ington, in  Eranklin  county,  Ohio,  but  removed  the  following 
summer  to  Gambier,  Knox  county,  its  permanent  location. 
He  was  a student  under  the  presidency  of  its  foumler. 
Philander  Chase,  the  first  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  of  Ohio,  and  graduated  in  the  summer  of  1832,  in 
the  second  graduating  class.  In  the  fall  of  1835  he  moved 
to  Cincinnati,  and  entered  the  office  of  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
late  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
as  a student  of  law,  and  attended  the  Cincinnati  Law'  School, 
then  in  charge  of  John  C.  Wright,  Timothy  Walker,  Joseph 


ALDWIN,  SEYMOUR  WESLEY,  Merchant  and 
Bank  Director,  is  of  New  England  birth,  having 
been  born  in  Meriden,  Connecticut,  on  July  29th, 
1807.  He  was  a farmer’s  son,  and  his  experience 
was  that  of  farmers’  boys  in  general,  at  that  day 
in  particular.  He  worked  on  the  farm  as  the 
principal  business  to  be  done,  and  obtained  his  education 
as  the  exigencies  of  farm  labor  permitted.  In  this  manner, 
working  on  the  farm  in  the  summer  and  attending  the  dis- 
trict school  in  the  winter,  he  occupied  himself  until  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age.  Then  he  left  the  farm  and  left  the 
school,  and  entered  upon  commercial  pursuits  as  a Yankee 
pedlar.  He  succeeded  in  this  line  of  business,  and  re- 
mained in  it  until  1835.  Then  he  decided  that  the  time 
had  come  to  go  into  mercantile  life  on  a more  ambitious 
scale.  He  believed  in  the  West  as  a field  of  enterprise, 
and  accordingly  removed  to  Elyria,  Ohio,  where  he  started 
in  the  dry-goods  business.  He  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
engaged  in  business  as  an  extensive  and  exceedingly  pros- 
perous dry-goods  merchant.  His  success  in  his  mercantile 
career  has  been  great  and  uninterrupted,  and  no  man  in  the 
country  has  been  blessed  with  a greater  degree  of  business 


356 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 


prosperity.  He  is  energetic,  enterprising  and  active,  and  i 
promptly  and  fully  as  he  meets  all  the  requirements  of  his 
individual  business,  he  has  lime  and  energy  to  bestow  on 
other  matters.  He  is  a Director  of  the  National  Bank  of 
Elyria,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  all  measures  calculated 
to  forward  the  welfare  of  the  community.  He  was  also 
elected  first  President  of  the  Home  Bank  of  West  Meiiden, 
Connecticut.  Politically  he  Avas  an  early  Whig;  later  he 
acted  with  the  men  who  formed  the  anti-slavery  party,  and 
since  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  he  has 
worked  consistently  with  that  party.  His  first  vote  was 
cast  for  John  Quincy  Adams,  for  President.  His  life  of 
hard  work  was  pleasantly  interrupted  in  1870,  by  a tour  of 
several  months  in  Europe.  In  1830  he  married  Mary  E. 
Candee,  who  died  in  .September,  1836.  Ilis  present  Avife, 
P’idelia  Hall,  he  married  in  1837. 


f YEAR,  HON.  J.  W.,  Journalist  and  Legislator, 
Avas  born  in  Carlisle,  BroAvn  county,  Ohio,  on 
March  i ith,  1S47.  By  profession  a neAvspaper 
man,  he  is  at  the  present  Avriting  (March,  1876) 
Editor  and  Publisher  of  the  People's  Defender,  at 
West  Union.  At  the  October  election  of  1875 
he  was  elected  to  represent  his  county  (Adams)  in  the  Ohio 
Legislature.  Of  that  body  he  is  one  of  the  youngest  mem- 
bers. 


I 


I WENS,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Ther.ipeutics  in  the  Pulte  Medical 
College  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Warren, 
Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  April  24th,  1823.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  this  country.  His  early 
education  Avas  obtained  in  the  country  schools  of 
a sparsely  settled  di.strict,  and  his  acquirements,  at  the  age 
of  thirteen,  must  have  been  of  the  most  meagre  character, 
since,  up  to  that  period  of  his  life,  he  had  attended  the  ses- 
sions but  two  quarters  in  each  year.  Through  the  winter 
months  of  his  earlier  years,  on  account  of  the  distance  of 
the  school  from  his  home,  and  the  prevalence  of  heavy 
snow-storms,  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  his  studies,  and 
satisfy  his  craving  for  knoAvledge  by  reading  all  the  books 
belonging  to  his  father,  or  which  could  he  borroAved  from 
his  neighbors.  His  course  of  reading  developed  in  him  a 
great  fondness  for  travel,  Avhich  Avas  subsequently  gratified 
by  his  departure  from  home,  in  company  with  an  in\'alid 
army  officer,  AA’ith  Avhom  he  visited  Florida,  the  West  Indies, 
and  South  America.  After  thus  spending  tAvo  years  in 
rambling  hither  and  thither,  he  became  anxious  to  learn  a 
useful  business  or  profession,  and,  in  accordance  with  that 
desire,  returned  to  Ohio,  and  in  Cincinnati  applied  himself 
to  the  trade  of  cooper,  as  one  Avhich  would  permit  him  to 
devote  one  portion  of  his  time  to  labor  and  the  other  to 


study.  In  the  spring  of  1843  entered  WoodAvard  Col- 
lege as  a beneficiary,  and  aftei  Avard  Avas  engaged  for  a time 
in  working  at  his  traeje  during  one-half  of  the  day,  and  in 
attending  the  college  recitations  during  the  other  half,  while 
he  studied  his  lessons  in  the  hours  formerly  devoted  to 
sleep  or  recreation.  He  continued  this  manner  of  life, 
often  changing  his  Avorkshop  and  master,  until  early  in  the 
spring  of  1846,  Avhen  an  opportunity  Avas  offered  him  to 
enter  a drug  .store,  as  assistant.  In  the  folIoAving  May  the 
Mexican  Avar  broke  out,  and  he  then  enlisted  in  the  1st 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  Company  E,  com- 
manded by  Captain  J.  B.  Armstrong.  Shortly  after  arriving 
at  the  theatre  of  Avar  he  was  appointed  Hospital  Steward 
for  his  regiment,  and  in  this  capacity  served  faithfully  until 
the  cessation  of  hostilities.  During  the  conflict  he  Avas  en- 
gaged in  nearly  all  of  the  more  important  battles  under 
General  Taylor.  Upon  being  mustered  out  of  the  service, 
he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  and  resumed  his  former  position 
in  the  drug  store,  where  he  remained  until  iSqg,  the  date 
of  his  graduation  in  medicine.  While  thus  employed  he 
had  attended  lectures  during  the  day,  and  at  night  served 
as  night-clerk.  During  the  intervals  between  the  Avdnter 
courses  of  lectures  he  gave  his  attention  closely  to  the  drug 
business  and  his  studies,  taking  four  full  courses  before 
graduating.  After  his  graduation,  Avith  high  honors,  he 
was  immediately  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in 
the  Eclectic  Medical  College,  and  retained  that  position 
during  the  folloAving  two  years.  In  the  ensuing  year  he 
was  solicited  to  take  the  same  office  in  the  Western  College 
of  Homoeopathy,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  That  position  he 
accepted,  and,  Avhile  filling  it,  attended  a full  course  of 
lectures  upon  the  Homoeopathic  Materia  Medica  and  Thera- 
peutics. In  the  spring  of  1852  he  again  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati, and  there  resumed  his  professional  labors.  In  the 
autumn  of  1855  he  purchased  an  interest  in  a Water  Cure 
establishment  at  Granville,  Ohio,  and  sustained  his  connec- 
tion Avith  this  enterprise  until,  at  the  expiration  of  tAvo  years, 
it  proved  to  be  a financial  failure.  He  then  moved  to 
Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  and  there  embarked  in  the  same 
business,  taking  in  a partner  as  financial  manager,  in  order 
to  permit  him  to  devote  his  entire  attention  to  the  medical 
management  of  the  institution.  At  the  end  of  eighteen 
months  he  found  that  he  had  lost  all  the  money  invested  by 
him  in  the  business,  and  also  Av.as  surprised  at  the  discovery 
of  the  fact  that  all  the  available  property  Avas  in  the  hands 
of  his  partner.  In  November,  1858,  he  returned  to  Cincin- 
nati, hoping  to  retrieve  his  Avasted  fortunes  in  this  city,  and 
find  a less  ruinous  road  to  affluence.  He  had  abandoned 
faith  in  “financial  managers.”  In  the  spring  of  1861,  after 
the  lapse  of  two  years  and  six  months,  his  circumstances 
were  not  less  straitened,  and,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  South- 
ern rebellion,  he  assisted  in  organizing  tAVO  companies  for 
the  war.  One,  of  infantry,  could  not  be  accepted  ; the 
other,  of  cav.alry,  Avas  attached  to  the  5th  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Volunteers.  In  that  company  (K)  he  accepted  a commis- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


357 


sion  as  First  Lieutenant,  and  during  the  ensuing  conflict 
held  many  important  positions  of  danger,  responsibility,  and 
trust.  As  First  Lieutenant,  and  subsequently  as  Captain, 
his  record  is  wholly  honorable,  and  he  was  several  limes 
commended  “by  special  order”  for  courage,  fidelity,  and 
intelligence.  As  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  Acting  Assist- 
ant Quartermaster,  and  Acting  Assistant  Commissary,  his 
accounts  were  always  found  to  be  entirely  correct,  and  were 
invariably  approved  by  the  department.  In  July,  1863,  he 
was  commissioned  a Captain  in  his  regiment,  and  took 
command  of  the  company  in  whose  organization  he  had 
assisted.  At  the  battle  of  Shiloh  his  company  was  detailed 
to  watch  the  Confederate  movements  on  the  Federal  right 
flank,  and,  after  the  action,  he  was  assigned  to  look  after 
the  sick  and  wounded,  and  to  take  special  charge  of  those 
who  belonged  to  his  own  regiment  until  they  were  all  on 
board  of  steamers  for  the  Northern  hospitals.  He  afterward 
rejoined  his  command  in  front  of  Corinth,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  scouting  service  in  the  vicinity  of  the  enemy’s 
lines.  On  two  occasions  he  assisted  in  cutting  off  the  rebel 
railroad  communications  in  their  rear,  measures  which  ulti- 
mately compelled  the  evacuation  of  this  stronghold.  He 
took  part  also  under  General  Phil  Sheridan,  in  the  pur- 
suit of  the  Confederate  troops  to  Booneville.  After  the 
capture  of  Corinth,  he  was  detailed  to  the  surgical  charge 
of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  a cavalry  field-hospital  in  that 
place,  and  retained  his  position  there  until  he  was  commis- 
sioned Captain  about  fifteen  months  later.  While  engaged 
in  the  hospital,  he  applied  his  attention  to  the  study  and 
practice  of  surgery,  thus  acquiring,  by  close  and  incessant 
observation,  a thorough  knowledge  of  this  branch  of  medi- 
cal science.  During  the  battles  of  luka,  September  19th, 
1862,  and  Corinth,  October  3d,  4th,  and  5th,  he  occupied 
a conspicuous  position  in  the  field,  was  with  the  ambulances, 
and  took  charge  of  the  sick  and  wounded.  During  an  ex- 
pedition into  north  Alabama,  in  December,  1862,  a battalion 
of  raw  recruits,  known  as  the  ist  Alabama  Cavalry,  was 
found  to  be  without  a commander.  On  the  recommenda- 
tion of  his  commanding  officer,  he  was  ordered  to  assume 
command  of  this  undrilled  rabble;  and,  on  the  termination 
of  the  campaign.  Colonel  Sweeney  issued  a special  order, 
commending  the  gallantry  displayed  by  him  in  dislodging 
the  command  of  General  Roddy  from  a stronghold  at  Blue 
Springs,  and  in  the  subsequent  pursuit  in  which  those  un- 
disciplined- men  captured  a large  number  of  prisoners, 
among  whom  were  several  officers.  Also,  in  command  of 
his  company,  he  participated  in  all  the  battles  around 
Chattanooga,  and  was  with  Sherman’s  command  in  his 
march  through  Georgia,  and  at  the  capture  of  Atlanta.  At 
Cherokee,  Alabama,  October  20th,  1863,  he  commanded  a 
cavalry  charge  made  upon  Colonel  h'orrest’s  forces,  and  on 
this  occasion  several  times  narrowly  escaped  death.  When 
the  period  of  enlistment  of  his  regiment  had  expired,  he 
was  mustered  out  as  Captain,  then  at  once  rejoined  the 
army,  as  .Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  United  States 


Army,  and  was  ordered  to  Louisville,  to  assist  in  the 
Crittenden  United  States  General  Hospital.  On  the  eve 
of  the  battle  of  Nashville  he  was  ordered  to  that  place,  and 
took  charge  of  “ Branch  of  No.  16,  Lhiited  States  General 
Hospital.”  Here  the  mortality  list  was  most  appalling: 
out  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  beds,  the  death  rate  had 
averaged  from  eight  to  ten  per  diem.  Under  his  manage- 
ment, however,  matters  rapidly  assumed  a better  aspect, 
and,  after  the  lapse  of  two  weeks,  the  death  rate  lessened 
wonderfully.  Thereupon  the  medical  inspector  of  hospi- 
tals, Dr.  John  E.  McGirr,  sent  to  him  a letter  personally 
complimenting  him  in  glowing  terms  on  the  desir.able  re- 
sult attained.  He  continued  in  charge  of  this  branch  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  went  to  Washingion,  in  order 
to  facilitate  the  settlement  of  his  accounts  with  the  various 
departments.  He  then  returned  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  assisted  in 
founding  the  Pulte  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati,  occupied 
the  chair  of  anatomy  in  that  institution  for  two  years,  and 
subsequently  was  assigned  to  that  of  materia  medica  and 
theraiieutics,  which  he  still  retains.  After  the  close  of  the 
third  course  of  lectures,  he  was  appointed  Dean  of  the 
Faculty,  and  has  since  continued  to  act  in  this  capacity.  In 
June,  1865,  he  was  appointed  Examining  Surgeon  for 
Pensioners,  for  Hamilton  county,.and  held  the  office  for 
four  years.  He  is  a member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  of  the  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society 
of  Ohio,  of  the  Cincinnati  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society, 
of  the  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  of  other  organizations 
of  a scientific,  literary,  or  social  character.  He  has  written 
numerous  articles  for  homoeopathic  journals,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  regular  contributors  to  the  Cincintiati  Medical 
Advance,  the  homoeopathic  organ  of  this  section  of  the 
country.  He  is  still  an  earnest  medical  student,  controls  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  is  to-day  one  of  the  most 
energetic  and  able  defenders  of  homoeopathy  in  the  Stale  of 
Ohio  or  elsewhere.  He  was  married.  May  12th,  1853,  to 
Sarah  E.  Wilcox,  of  Cincinnati,  by  whom  he  has  had  six 
children  ; of  these,  one  boy  and  three  girls  are  now  living. 


y/'V' ; EEK,  WILLIAM  M.,  ex-Probate  Judge,  Lawyer, 
'’■'IT  I born  in  West  Union,  Adams  county,  Ohio, 

I ! November  22d,  1818.  He  was  the  sixth  child  in 
'<■  s family  of  nine  children,  whose  parents  were 
« John  Meek  and  Ann  (Jones)  Meek.  His  father, 
a native  of  Virginia,  was  for  sixty  years  a clergy- 
man of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  one  of  the  zeal- 
ous and  fearless  ]iioneer  preachers  of  the  West.  He  was 
sent  to  Ohio  in  1803  by  the  Baltimore  Conference,  and 
there,  by  his  tireless  labors  in  a virgin  field,  accomplished 
an  incalculable  amount  of  good.  He  died  at  P'elicity, 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  iJecember  31st,  1S60.  His  mother, 
a native  of  Virginia,  was  a daughter  of  John  Jones,  who 


358 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


was  identified  with  the  struggles  of  the  revolutionary  patriots. 
On  the  paternal  side  he  is  of  Scotch,  and  on  the  maternal  of 
Welsh,  extraction.  Prom  his  fourteenth  to  his  eighteenth 
year  he  was  occupied  alternately  in  working  on  a farm 
during  the  summer  months,  and  in  attending  school  in  the 
winter  season.  In  1S36  he  was  sent  to  Hillsborough,  High- 
land county,  Ohio,  to  pursue  a course  of  literary  study  at  a 
select  school  there  located.  In  the  summer  of  1S38,  having 
spent  the  intervening  period  in  diligent  study,  he  returned 
to  West  Union,  Adams  county,  and  during  the  ensuing  two 
years  was  constantly  employed  in  attending  to  his  duties  as 
a bookkeeper  in  one  of  the  stores  of  the  place.  In  1841  he 
began  the  reading  of  law  at  West  Union,  under  the  super- 
vision of  Hon.  Nelson  Barrere,  now  one  of  the  leading  at- 
torneys of  Hillsborough.  In  1844  he  passed  the  required 
examination,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Through  the 
following  year  he  was  not  engaged  in  any  particular  pursuit 
or  business,  but  February  ist,  1845,  opened  his  office  in 
West  Union,  and  there  remained  until  1S50,  continuously 
occupied  in  the  active  practice  of  law.  In  1850  he  moved 
to  Winchester,  Adams  county,  Ohio,  where  he  passed  four 
years,  chiefiy  in  the  dry-goods  business,  while  still  practising 
to  a limited  extent  his  profession.  In  November,  1854,  he 
removed  to  Hillsborough,  Highland  county,  opened  a law 
office,  and  decided  to  devote  his  time  and  energies  solely  to 
professional  labors.  He  then  met  with  great  success,  and 
speedily  acquired  a very  extensive  clientelage,  which  is  still 
constantly  increasing  in  value  and  importance.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Highland  county,  Ohio,  was 
re-elected  in  1S66,  and  again  re-elected  in  1869 — holding 
the  office  in  all  nine  years.  The  Republican  party  possesses 
his  esteem  and  support,  while  his  religious  sentiments  find  a 
congenial  atmosphere  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  He  was  married  in  August,  1845,  to 
Hester  De  Bruin,  a native  of  Maysville,  Kentucky. 


I 

C ' 


^^^HOMPSON,  HON.  JOHN  G.,  Commissioner  of 
' ■*'  Railways  and  Telegraphs  for  the  State  of  Ohio, 
ex-Member  of  the  Ohio  State  Senate  for  the 
counties  of  Franklin  and  Pickaway,  was  born  in 
Union  county,  Ohio,  February  17th,  1833.  His 
parents  were  James  Thompson,  who  followed 
the  occupation  of  farming,  and  Catharine  (Gamble)  Thomp- 
son. Upon  finishing  his  education  at  the  Marysville 
Ac.ademy,  he  moved  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1854,  and  em- 
barked in  the  dry-goods  trade,  at  which  he  continued  until 
1859,  when  he  was  elected  Treasurer  for  Franklin  county. 
After  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  in  that  office,  in 
1863  he  resumed  his  business  relations,  and  also,  in  connec- 
tion with  others,  established  a private  banking  house,  under 
the  firm-style  of  Bailey,  Thompson  & Co.  In  1870  he  with- 
drew entirely  from  business,  and  in  the  course  of  the  follow- 
ing year  was  elected  to  the  .State  Senate  from  the  counties 


of  P’ranklin  and  Pickaway.  He  was  re-elected  in  1873,  but 
after  serving  the  first  year  of  the  term  resigned  the  position 
in  order  to  accept  that  of  Commissioner  of  Railroads  and 
Telegraphs,  tendered  him  by  Governor  Allen.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  political  action  and  measures 
of  the  State  since  the  beginning  of  his  career,  and  has  uni- 
formly given  his  support  and  influence  to  the  Democratic 
party.  From  i860  to  1863  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Central  Committee,  and  subsequently  became  its 
Chairman,  a position  which,  with  the  exception  of  an  inter- 
val of  two  years,  he  has  since  retained.  In  1868  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  New 
York,  in  1872  to  the  Convention  in  Baltimore,  and  during 
each  of  the  attendant  campaigns  was  an  efficient  member  of 
the  National  Committee.  He  has  repeatedly  been  elected 
a member  of  the  City  Council  of  Columbus,  and  in  all  times 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  various  public  improvements 
of  the  place.  On  December  6th,  1875,  elected 

Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives. 
He  was  married,  February  17th,  1857,  to  Fannie  High, 
daughter  of  11.  S.  High,  of  Franklin  county,  Ohio. 


^ARD,  WILLIAM  W.,  Chief  Engineer  and  General 
.Superintendent  of  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
Valley  & Wheeling  Railway,  was  born,  Septem- 
ber 6th,  1831,  in  Madison  county.  New  York,  and 
is  the  son  of  W.  J.  Card,  a surveyor  and  civil  en- 
gineer by  profession,  who  has  had  charge  of 
various  public  works  in  both  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  His 
primary  education  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
section,  but  was  completed  in  an  academical  institution. 
During  his  boyhood  years  he  assisted  his  father,  who  had 
been  elected  Surveyor  of  Fairfield  county,  Ohio,  and  by  this 
means  he  obtained  a complete  knowledge  of  all  the  details 
of  surveying,  both  theoretical  and  practical.  In  1851  he 
joined  a corps  of  engineers  who  were  engaged  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  Cincinnati,  Wilmington  & Zanesville  Rail- 


road, and  he  remained  in  that  connection  until  the  line  was 
surveyed  and  located.  He  was  appointed  in  1853  the 
Resident  Engineer  for  the  eastern  division  of  the  road,  and 
when  his  work  was  completed  he  accepted  a similar  posi- 
tion on  the  Milwaukee  & Mississippi  Railroad,  which  is 
now  termed  the  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul.  In  1859  the  super- 
intendent of  the  Cincinnati,  W'ilmington  & Zanesville  Rail- 
road died,  when  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  which  he 
did  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  officers  of  that  corporation 
for  five  years  thereafter.  In  1864  he  was  tendered  the  posi- 
tion of  Superintendent  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Columbus  & Cin- 
cinnati Railroad,  now  termed  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & 
St.  Louis  Railway,  which  he  accepted,  retaining  this  impor- 
tant post  nearly  eight  years.  In  May,  1871,  he  was  induced 
to  take  charge  of  the  office  of  Chief  Engineer  and  Superin- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


359 


tendent  of  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  & Wheeling 
Railway,  which  he  still  holds.  He  was  married,  June,  1872, 
to  Hattie  Dinsmoor,  of  Columbus,  Ohio. 


NES,  WILLIAM  W.,  Physician,  although  a resi- 
dent of  Ohio,  and  a native  of  New  York,  might  be 
claimed  by  New  England  as  one  of  her  children. 
His  grandfather  was  a major  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  Both  his  parents  were  natives  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  emigrated  from  Litchfield  county  in  that 
State  to  central  New  York  in  1817.  New  England  may  be 
said  to  have  stronger  claims  upon  him  as  one  of  those  who 
derived  their  ancestry  from  the  Captain  Jones  who  com- 
manded the  “ Mayflower,”  without  whose  stubborn  opposi- 
tion to  the  wishes  of  the  Pilgrims,  Plymouth  Rock  would 
have  been  unknown  in  history,  and  New  England  had  not 
been  New  England.  In  Dr.  Jones  himself,  this  oldest  of 
New  England  blood  is  mingled  on  the  maternal  side  with 
Scotch.  He  was  born  at  Smyrna,  Chenango  county.  New 
York,  September  28th,  1819,  a little  more  than  a year  after 
his  parents  had  removed  there.  When  he  was  only  eight 
years  of  age  his  father  died,  leaving  a large  family,  with  but 
slender  provision  for  their  material  support.  Appreciating 
the  value  of  education,  the  mother  struggled  to  give  her 
children  such  advantages  as  a new  country  at  that  time  af- 
forded. William  was  kept  at  school  at  the  academy  of  his 
native  town  until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  and  afterwards 
completed  his  studies  at  Salem  Academy  in  the  same  State, 
working  the  while,  as  he  found  time  and  opportunity,  to 
lessen  his  mother’s  burden,  and  share  in  his  own  support. 
Having  a passionate  fondness  for  books,  on  leaving  school 
he  entered  a printing-office,  at  which  business  he  served  for 
four  years,  in  three  different  offices  which  had  successively 
failed  for  want  of  support.  In  1836  he  abandoned  the  oc- 
cupation, and  removed  to  Dresden,  Ohio,  where  he  entered 
into  business  as  clerk  and  afterwards  as  partner  in  a flouring 
mill.  The  knowledge  of  business  acquired  by  his  commer- 
cial pursuits  at  that  time  has  been  of  very  great  advantage 
to  him  since,  in  his  profe.ssional  intercourse  with  the  people, 
but  he  became  satisfied  that  its  pursuit  for  a lifetime  would 
fail  to  bring  that  happiness  to  him  which  was  his  chief  aim 
in  life.  Having  formed  an  intimate  friendship  for  Dr.  W. 
W’.  Rickey,  who  had  one  of  the  best  medical  libraries  to  be 
found  at  that  day,  he  was  easily  persuaded  by  him  to  com- 
mence the  study  of  medicine  in  1844,  believing  that  this 
profession  presented  a worthy  field  for  attaining  all  the 
objects  which  could  be  hoped  for,  with  a full  knowledge 
that  it  implied  a life  of  toil  and  devotion  in  those  who  em- 
braced it,  and  generally  much  less  of  material  success  than 
followed  the  application  of  the  same  talents  in  business  pur- 
suits. He  graduated  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Buffalo  in  1849.  After  receiving  his  diploma  he 
removed  to  Toledo,  where  he  at  once  entered  upon  the  active 


practice  of  his  profession,  and  where  he  has  remained  so  en- 
gaged ever  since.  He  had  learned  his  profession  thoroughly, 
as  he  did  everything,  and  very  soon  he  stood  high  as  a physi- 
cian and  surgeon.  His  advance  was  rapid  and  continuous, 
and  before  long  his  patronage  was  large  and  lucrative.  He 
did  not  consider  that,  on  receiving  his  diploma,  he  liad 
finished  his  studies.  On  the  contrary  he  has  read  and  in- 
vestigated constantly,  and  has  kept  even  pace,  in  his  knowl- 
edge and  in  his  practice,  with  the  most  advanced  develop- 
ments of  medical  science,  and  so  the  confidence  and 
esteem  which  his  skill  and  accomplishments  won  for  him  at 
the  first  have  been  continued  and  increased,  until  he  now 
occupies  a foremost  position  in  the  ranks  of  his  profession, 
and  not  only  is  that  position  recognized  by  the  community 
at  large,  but  still  more  cordially  by  his  professional  brethren. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Ohio  .State  Medical 
Society,  and  he  now  holds  that  position  in  the  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation of  the  University  of  Buffalo  ; and  he  is,  moreover,  an 
honorary  and  corresponding  member  of  various  medical  and 
scientific  societies  in  several  States  of  the  Lbiion.  As  a 
citizen,  no  less  than  a professional  man,  is  Dr.  Jones  es- 
teemed. He  holds  professional  honors  in  far  greater  esteem 
than  the  greatest  political  preferment  that  could  be  bestowed 
upon  him.  Nevertheless,  in  response  to  the  desire  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  he  has  from  time  to  time  held  public  office. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  City  Council  of 
Toledo,  of  which  body  he  was  President  during  his  term  of 
office.  He  filled  the  position  most  honorably  and  accept- 
ably, and  won  the  unreserved  commendation  of  all,  of  what- 
ever party.  In  1870  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Toledo,  and 
held  the  office  for  a term  of  four  years.  His  administration 
of  the  duties  of  chief  magistrate  of  the  city  was  an  eminently 
satisfactory  one,  characterized  by  ability,  dignity,  and  the 
most  rigid  integrity.  He  V'as  married  in  1851  to  Adeline 
Knaggs,  of  Toledo,  and  three  sons  and  two  daughters  have 
been  born  to  them. 


ALLARD,  JOHN,  Retired  Capitalist,  was  born, 
October  ist,  1790,  at  Charlemont,  Massachusetts, 
and  is  the  third  of  eleven  children,  whose  parents 
were  William  and  Elizabeth  (Whitney)  Ballard. 
His  father  was  a native  of  Worcester  county,  and 
of  Welsh  extraction  ; he  was  both  a mason  and  a 
farmer  during  life  ; he  died  in  1840.  His  mother  was  also 
a native  of  the  same  locality,  and  was  a daughter  of  Jonathan 
Whitney,  of  English  descent.  John  worked  on  a farm  until 
he  was  thirteen  years  of  age,  attending  the  district  school 
during  the  winter  months.  In  1803  he  was  jilgccd  with 
Horatio  H.  Buttrick,  of  Lancaster,  Massachusetts,  to  learn 
the  trade  of  a carriage-builder.  The  selection  of  this  calling 
was  owing  to  his  inability  for  farm  labor,  his  health  not  per- 
mitting him  to  encounter  the  hardshijis  incident  to  a farmer’s 
life.  He  remained  at  Lancaster  until  after  he  had  entered 


36o 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


his  twentieth  year;  and  during  his  six  years’  stay  with 
Buttrick  he  had  but  one  month’s  schooling  each  year;  but, 
being  a close  reader,  devoted  all  his  spare  time  to  study. 
Leaving  Lancaster  he  went  to  Boston  and  finished  learning 
his  trade,  staying  there  about  two  years.  Having  attained 
his  majority  he  went  to  Framingham,  and  worked  as  a jour- 
neyman at  his  trade  for  about  one  year,  and  then  com- 
menced business  on  his  own  account,  which  he  prosecuted 
with  great  energy  and  success  for  the  period  of  twenty-five 
years  at  Framingham.  In  the  autumn  of  1838  he  closed 
out  his  business  and  removed  to  Ohio,  locating  himself  at 
Athens,  in  1839,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  After  he 
had  become  permanently  settled  in  his  new  home  he  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business,  which  he  conducted  with 
success  and  the  practice  of  the  strictest  integrity  until  1865, 
when  he  retired  from  active  business  pursuits  to  enjoy  the 
.fruits  of  his  labors  for  so  many  years.  Feeling  a deep  in- 
terest in  the  development  of  the  mineral  resources  of  his 
new  home,  in  1845  he  successfully  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  salt ; his  usual  good  judgment  was  drawn  out  in 
the  selection  of  a site  uniting  cheap  transportation  and 
water-power,  the  want  of  which  had  wrecked  former  enter- 
prises of  the  kind.  lie  was  a Director  of  the  Cincinnati  & 
Marietta  Railroad  Company  for  a number  of  years,  and  was 
the  President  of  the  Athens  branch  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Ohio  for  about  fourteen  years.  He  is  now  a Director  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Athens,  Ohio.  In  political  belief 
he  is  a Republican,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  ex- 
hibited his  fixith  in  the  unity  of  this  great  republic  by 
being  the  first  to  furnish  the  sinews  of  war  by  investing  in 
United  States  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $80,000,  in  its  darkest 
days  and  when  the  outlook  was  very  discouraging.  Previous 
to  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  he  was  a strong 
AVhig.  He  has  been  a member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
for  over  twenty  years.  He  has  ever  been  a temperate,  in- 
dustrious and  cheerful  man,  of  pleasing  manners  and  of  a 
soci.il  disposition  ; and  he  has  alwa)'s  been  remarkable  for 
untiring  energy  and  industry.  He  was  married  in  1816  to 
P.imelia  Bennett,  a native  of  Middlesex  county,  Massachu- 
setts, who  died  in  1858,  leaving  a family  of  eight  children. 
His  second  wife,  to  whom  he  was  united  in  1861,  was 
Catharine  Stearns,  a native  of  Lancaster,  Massachusetts. 
They  were  married  in  Boston,  Massachusetts. 


RMSTRONG,  JAMES  MONROE,  Mechanic, 
Merchant  and  one  of  the  Proprietors  of  the 
Russell,  Morgan  & Co.  Job  Printing  Office,  Nos. 
258  and  260  Race  street,  Cincinnati,  was  born, 
^ 1812,  in  Columbia  township,  Hamilton  county, 

and  is  a son  of  the  late  James  Armstrong,  for 
many  years  flour  inspector  of  Cincinnati.  The  latter  was 
one  of  six  brothers,  who  with  their  three  sisters  and  parents 
removed  from  M-iryland  and  located,  in  the  year  1800,  on 


the  Little  Miami  river,  near  what  is  now  Plainville,  for- 
merly known  as  Armstrong’s  upper,  middle  and  lower 
mills.  Nathaniel  Shepherd  Armstrong,  the  father  of  this 
large  family,  assisted  in  locating  his  six  sons  as  follows  : 

, W’llliam  and  Major  John  were  located  at  the  lower  mill ; 

j Thomas  and  Leonard  operated  the  middle  mill,  while 
James  and  Nathaniel  had  charge  of  the  upper  mill.  In 
1822  James,  the  father  of  James  Monroe  Armstrong,  dis- 
posed of  his  interests  in  the  upper  mill  to  his  brother,  and 
removed  to  a farm  on  Indian  Hill,  in  the  same  township, 
where  he  remained  until  182S,  when  he  removed  to  Cin- 
cinnati, where  he  became  flour  inspector,  as  above  stated, 
and  held  the  position  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1841, 
aged  fifty-seven  years;  his  widow  survived  him  until  1866, 
when  she  followed  him,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven. 
Janies  Monroe  Armstrong,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  com- 
menced learning  the  coachmaking  trade  in  the  establish- 
ment of  William  Holyoke,  then  located  on  the  present  site 
of  the  National  Theatre,  on  Sycamore  street.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  five  years  he  had  thoroughly  mastered  his  trade; 
but,  feeling  the  need  of  a better  education,  he  entered  the 
Talbot  School,  in  the  old  Cincinnati  College.  He  re- 
mained there  a few  months,  paying  for  his  tuition  by  his 
own  labor.  After  leaving  school  he  began  work  in  the 
factory  of  the  late  George  C.  Miller,  then  one  of  the  largest 
carriage  manufactories  in  the  West,  and  is  yet  in  a flourish- 
ing condition  under  the  management  of  two  of  the  founder’s 
sons.  He  remained  at  this  establishment  for  three  years, 
and  then  formed  a partnership  with  Samuel  Barnes,  and  in 
1S38,  under  the  firm-name  of  Armstrong  & Barnes,  opened 
their  own  factory  on  Vine  above  Twelfth  street.  This 
connection  continued  prosperously  until  about  1844,  when 
the  junior  member  disposed  of  his  interests  to  his  partner, 
Barnes,  and  with  two  others  engaged,  in  the  following 
year,  in  the  grocery,  coopering  and  whiskey-gauging  busi- 
ness. In  1850  he  retired  from  this  connection,  and  in 
company  with  Hermann  Krafeldt  embarked  in  the  flour 
trade  on  the  West  Miami  canal.  In  1854  his  brother, 
Arthur  E.  .'\rmstrong,  on  account  of  his  superior  knowledge 
of  the  quality  of  flour  and  grain,  was  added  to  the  firm. 
In  1855  Mr.  Krafeldt  died,  but  the  business  was  continued 
by  himself  and  brother  on  the  same  square  (the  last  eight 
years  on  the  corner  of  Walnut  street)  until  1867.  At  that 
date,  in  connection  with  A.  O.  Russell,  R.  J.  Morgan  and 
John  F.  Robinson,  he  purchased  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer 
job  printing  office  on  College  street.  After  remaining 
there  for  between  five  and  six  years,  during  which  time 
their  business  assumed  immense  proportions,  the  company 
purchased  the  ground  and  erected  their  present  building  on 
Race  street,  which  is  now  one  of  the  largest,  most  com- 
plete, and  thoroughly  and  successfully  conducted  printing 
establishments  in  the  entire  West.  In  1874  James  M.  Arm- 
strong was  elected  a member  of  the  City  Council,  in  which 
body  he  served  as  a member  of  some  of  its  most  important  • 
committees.  In  the  fall  of  1875  he  was  one  of  the  nom- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


inees  of  the  Democratic  party  for  the  Legislature.  With 
all  of  the  other  candidates  for  the  Legislature  of  the  party 
on  that  ticket  he  was  defeated.  For  the  past  ten  years  he 
has  been  a member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Second 
National  Bank.  Ills  business  interests  have  from  time  to 
time  brought  him  into  relations  with  the  various  commercial 
organizations  of  the  city.  He  has  been  more  than  usually 
successful  in  his  career  of  varied  effort.  His  personal  and 
business  habits  have  been  unexceptional.  His  brother, 
Arthur  E.,  is  still  engaged  in  the  flour  and  grain  trade,  and 
another,  Sandford  L.,  is  a merchant  at  Rising  Sun,  Indiana. 
Dr.  Nathaniel  S.  Armstrong  was  a practitioner  of  medicine 
in  Cincinnati,  and  one  of  its  most  prominent,  honest  and 
conscientious;  he  was  the  brolher-in  law  of  the  late  Charles 
Woodward,  both  of  whom  the  profession  were  proud  of;  he 
died  in  Cincinnati  in  1854.  Leonard  L.,  another  brother,  is 
in  the  drug  business  at  Cumminsville,  Ohio.  John  Wesley, 
another  brother,  was  attached  to  the  5th  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  was  mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  An- 
tietam.  Thomas  Milton,  his  youngest  brother,  died  in  1863, 
aged  thirty-three  years;  his  only  sister  living  is  Mrs.  Robert 
Evans,  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  He  was  married,  January 
29lh,  1840,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  Caleb  Williams,  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  respected  citizens  of  Cincinnati,  with 
whom  he  has  three  children,  two  daughters  and  one  son. 
In  1S53  Caleb  Williams  died,  at  the  age  of  seventy-two 
years;  his  companion,  Martha  Williams,  died  in  1846. 


DAMS,  JOHN,  Common  Pleas  Judge,  was  born 
on  December  lltb,  1824,  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio.  He  was  a farmer’s  son,  and  the  experi- 
ences of  his  boyhood  and  youth  were  such  ex- 
periences as  befall  almost  any  farmer’s  boy 
whose  father  has  only  the  wealth  that  comes  of 
hard  toil,  every  d.ay  in  every  season.  He  “ learned  to 
labor  and  to  wait;  ” for  as  soon  as  he  was  old  enough  he 
took  part  in  the  labors  of  the  farm,  and  for  the  fulfilment  of 
such  hopes  and  aspirations  as  come  to  the  ambitious  and 
capable  bov  he  had  to  wait  until  the  opportunity  for  gratify- 
ing them  could  be  made.  He  attended  school  first  at 
^^artinsburg,  and  afterwards  at  Kenyon  College.  Subse- 
quently he  entered  Jefferson  College,  in  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  there  in  the  spring  of  1847. 
After  leaving  college  he  commenced  the  study  of  law, 
reading  with  Hon.  John  K.  Miller,  at  Mount  Vernon.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Mount  Vernon  in  1850,  and  at 
once  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  there.  At 
first  he  practised  alone,  but  at  the  end  of  a year  he  formed 
a professional  partnership  with  Mr.  Dunbar.  Eventually 
this  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  subsequently  he  .asso- 
ciated himself  with  his  former  preceptor,  Hon.  John  K. 
Miller.  He  prospered  well  in  his  profession,  and  gained  a 
practice  that  was  large  and  lucrative.  In  politics  he  is  a 
46 


361 

Democrat,  and  has  acted  steadily  and  consistently  with 
that  party.  In  1871  he  was  candidate,  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  for  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the 
District  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  was  elected  by  a handsome 
majority.  He  took  office  in  1872  for  a term  of  five  years. 
His  course  while  on  the  bench  has  fully  vindicated  the 
wisdom  of  those  who  elevated  him  to  the  position.  To  high 
abilities  and  fine  attainments  he  joins  the  strictest  integrity, 
a judicial  impartiality  which  nothing  can  swerve,  and  a 
regard  for  principle  which  all  recognize  and  appreciate. 
He  is  honored  and  esteemed  as  the  right  man  in  the  right 
place,  and  the  fact  that  his  high  and  responsible  station  was 
awarded  to  him  because  of  the  sterling  characteristics  be- 
longing to  his  nature,  and  the  high  attainments  which  he 
acquired  through  his  own  almost  unaided  exertions,  is  a 
fact  that  must  be  gratifying  to  himself  no  less  than  en- 
couraging to  all  men  who  are  struggling  and  aspiring 
within  the  circle  of  his  influence.  He  was  married  on  the 
l6th  of  May,  i860,  to  Julia  Huxford,  of  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana.  Four  children,  three  girls  and  one  boy,  have 
blessed  the  union. 


MITH,  WALTER  FL,  I.awyer  and  ex-United 
States  Assistant  Attorney-General,  was  born  in 
Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  June  2d,  1826. 
His  parents  were  both  natives  of  the  same  State ; 
his  father,  the  Rev.  Walter  Smith,  a Congregation- 
al ist,  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1816;  his 
mother,  nee  Orpha  Jerome,  being  of  French  origin.  After 
a thorough  preparatory  course  of  study,  under  the  able 
tuition  of  his  father,  Walter  H.  entered  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  New  York,  and  graduated  from  that  institu- 
tion in  1846.  Returning  to  his  home  in  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio  (where  the  family  had  removed  in  1840),  he  imme- 
diately commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  on  the  12th  of  June,  1848.  He  then  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  so 
continued  for  a period  of  fifteen  years,  being  associated 
during  that  interval  with  the  Hon.  Columbus  Delano,  ex- 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  the  Hon.  W.  R.  Sapp,  ex- 
member of  Congress  from  Ohio  (now  deceased).  In 
March,  1869,  Mr.  Smith  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  In- 
ternal Revenue,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  performed 
with  marked  ability  and  satisfaction  for  a period  of  two 
years,  when  he  was  called  to  assume  the  responsibilities  of 
a more  important  position  of  trust  and  honor,  that  of  As- 
sistant Attorney-General  of  the  United  St.ates,  and  was  the 
incumbent  of  that  office  until  October,  l875>  when  he  re- 
signed, in  order  to  resume  the  practice  of  his  profession  (in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia),  in  which  he  had  al- 
ways taken  high  rank  and  sustained  an  honorable  rejni- 
tation.  He  was  married,  June  3d,  1851,  to  Frances  E., 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  W.  R.  Sapp,  cx-member  of 


362 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


Congress  from  Ohio,  and  for  many  years  one  of  the  part- 
ners of  Mr.  Smith  while  practising  law  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio. 


I IIISTER,  COLONEL  JACOB  O.,  Manager  of  the 
Phister  Tobacco  Warehouse,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  the  town  of  Maysville,  Kentucky, 
August  loth,  1820.  He  was  the  second  child  in 
a family  of  seven  children,  five  sons  and  two 
daughters,  whose  parents,  estimable  members  of 
the  ruling  middle  class  of  the  country,  gave  to  them  such 
educational  advantages  as  their  means  and  the  opirortumties 
of  that  day  permitted.  His  father  being  a carpenter  and 
builder,  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  carpenter- 
ing, and  as  in  that  day  and  section  it  had  yet  to  “ be  made 
easy”  by  planing-mills  and  the  various  kinds  of  machinery 
pertaining  to  them,  he  learned  his  trade  thoroughly  in  all  its 
branches,  from  the  making  of  a hen-coop  to  the  building 
of  a continued  rail  stair-case.  In  1840  he  emigrated  to  the 
town  of  Burlington,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  in  the  then 
new  Territory  of  Iowa,  carved  out  of  the  Black  Hawk  pur- 
chase. Veiy  soon  after  his  arrival  the  newly-appointed 
Governor,  Hon.  John  Chambers  of  Kentucky,  selected  him 
as  his  private  secretary,  and  made  him  one  of  his  military 
aides,  with  the  rank  and  title  of  Colonel.  Those  places  he 
held  during  the  administration  of  the  Governor,  about  five 
years,  filling  them  with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all  the  departments  of  the  government  with  which 
his  duties  brought  him  in  contact.  He  was  also  Secretary 
to  several  commissions  appointed  to  treat  with  the  Indian 
tribes  in  the  Superintendency  of  Governor  Chambers,  and 
performed  his  work  so  well  that  at  a subsequent  period,  after 
he  had  left  the  Territory,  he  was  selected  to  take  charge  of 
a similar  field  of  labor.  He  travelled  much  over  the  Ter- 
ritory in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  while  in  the  employ  of 
the  government,  and  associated  much  with  frontier  military 
officers,  usually  men  of  superior  intelligence  and  attainments, 
and  with  the  officers  of  the  territorial  and  general  govern- 
ment, socially  and  officially,  and  thus  acquired  a large 
amount  of  information  on  a great  variety  of  subjects,  from 
the  Indian  in  his  wigwam  to  the  President  in  the  White 
House,  which  but  few  men  possess,  and  but  few  have  such 
opportunities  to  acquire.  On  the  retirement  of  the  Governor 
lie  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Kentucky,  without  any  in- 
tention, however,  of  abandoning  his  new  one  in  the  West. 
But,  through  the  persuasions  of  his  relatives,  he  was  induced 
to  engage  in  business  there,  which  he  did,  and  remained 
during  the  ensuing  ten  years.  In  this  period  he  conducted 
a large  hardware  business,  and  also  acquired  some  distinc- 
tion in  a quiet  way  as  an  amateur  in  literary  matters.  Meet- 
ing with  reverses  in  the  great  financial  storm  of  1857,  he 
relinquished  his  business  in  Maysville  and  visited  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  and  Omaha,  Nebraska,  with  a view  to  a 
settlement  ultimately  in  one  or  the  other  of  these  towns.  But 


failing  to  make  such  connections  in  either  place  as  were  de- 
sirable, he  located  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  projected  a leaf 
tobacco  warehouse.  Then  making  a strong  report  to  the 
City  Council  of  the  possible  future  of  Cincinnati,  under 
proper  and  timely  efforts,  as  a leaf-tobacco  market,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  inducing  this  body  to  grant  his  company  a large 
unused  market-house,  admirably  suited  to  warehouse  pur- 
poses, on  very  favorable  terms  for  some  years;  and,  De- 
cember 1st,  1857,  the  Wheeler  Leaf-Tobacco  Warehouse 
was  opened  under  his  management,  which,  afterward  taking 
the  name  Phister  House,  was  conducted  by  him  for  a period 
of  eighteen  years.  Up  to  this  time  but  one  other  house  in  the 
city  was  devoted  exclusively  to  the  sale  of  leaf-tobacco,  while 
several  commission  pork  and  grain  houses  received  and  sold 
it,  on  the  same  principle  that  makes  a tavern  of  almost  every 
house  in  a rural  district,  because  now  and  then  a wayfarer 
may  demand  food  and  shelter.  These  commission  houses 
made  no  systematized  efforts  to  secure  shipments,  but  ac- 
cepted what  came  ,as  so  much  commercial  driftwood  that 
floated  into  their  business  from  the  great  river  of  commerce 
that  flowed  into  New  Orleans,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia  and 
New  York.  Fully  appreciating  the  fortunate  geographical 
position  of  Cincinnati  in  relation  to  the  tobacco-growing 
districts,  and  anticipating  her  prosperous  future  as  a leaf- 
tobacco  market,  he  applied  himself  to  the  building  up  of  the 
business  in  a careful  and  systematic  fashion  ; and  by  means 
of  elaborate  circulars,  extensive  advertisements  and  personal 
solicitation,  labored  energetically  to  make  his  anticipations 
permanent  realities,  and  secure  the  coveted  business  for 
Cincinnati  on  a lasting  basis.  Long  before  the  term  of  the 
lease  of  his  house  had  expired,  his  promises  to  the  city  were 
more  than  fulfilled  by  the  establishment  of  several  ware- 
houses, and  the  growth  of  a general  effort  on  the  part  of 
each  establishment  to  secure  a fair  share  in  the  control  of 
the  rapidly-growing  trade.  The  combined  efforts  culminated 
in  the  making  of  Cincinnati  the  first  market  in  the  country 
for  cutting-leaf,  if  not  for  all  kinds,  in  the  West.  The  exi- 
gencies of  the  war  between  the  government  and  the  Southern 
States  brought  up  the  important  subject  of  taxation,  and  as 
tobacco  was  called  on  to  contribute  heavily  to  the  necessary 
funds  for  carrying  on  the  war,  the  very  interesting  question 
as  to  whether  taxation  should  be  placed  on  the  raw  material 
or  on  the  manufactured  article  was  at  once  raised,  and  for 
the  time  became  an  all-absorbing  one  to  all  interested  parties : 
Congress,  growers,  dealers  and  manufacturers.  In  that  con- 
troversy Colonel  Phister  took  an  active  part  in  favor  of  plac- 
ing the  tax  on  the  manufactured  article,  and  not  on  the  raw 
material  ; he  supported  his  views  with  zeal  and  ability — by 
arguments  addressed  to  Congressmen,  letters  in  conversa- 
tional style,  by  various  speeches,  and  by  an  admirable  re- 
port to  Commissioner  Wells,  embodying  the  sentiment  of  the 
Western  growers  and  dealers.  And  the  statement  is  war- 
ranted that,  on  one  occasion  during  the  struggle,  when  the 
Eastern  manufacturers,  aided  by  several  strong  Western 
allies,  had  well  nigh  secured  the  decision  of  the  Committee 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


363 


on  Ways  and  Means  in  favor  of  placing  the  tax  on  the  leaf, 
by  a well-timed,  brief  and  powerful  article,  addressed  to  Hon. 
George  H.  Pendleton,  then  Representative  from  Hamilton 
county,  he  turned  the  tide,  reinvigorated  the  disheartened 
leaf  men  and  rallied  them  to  a final  effort,  which  resulted  in 
the  placing  of  the  tax  where  it  now  rests,  on  the  manufac- 
tured article  ; where,  he  contends,  the  policy  and  spirit  of 
the  American  government  and  the  good  of  the  American 
people  demand  that  it  shall  stand.  He  was  uniformly  in 
favor  of  an  ad  valoreni  instead  of  a specific  tax,  but,  recog- 
nizing some  almost  insurmountable  obstacles  to  the  carrying 
out  of  this  principle,  he  finally  abandoned  his  opposition  to 
the  specific  plan,  and  became  usefully  instrumental  in  the 
adjustment  of  the  details  of  the  laws  on  the  best  basis. 
While  entirely  willing  that  tobacco  should  bear  its  fullest 
possible  proportion  of  the  tax,  he  never  concealed  his  indig- 
nation at  the  invidious  distinctions  placed  on  the  trade  in 
the  guise  of  the  licenses,  bonds  and  rulings  of  the  depart- 
ments, and  was  ever  ready  to  resent  them  as  an  aspersion 
upon  a great  body  of  enterprising,  honorable  and  respected 
citizens  and  tradesmen.  In  the  transition  of  any  business 
from  a fugitive  and  an  uncertain  state  to  one  of  permanence 
and  solidity,  many  perplexing  questions  arise  relating  to  its 
control  and  management  which  must  be  adjusted,  and  many 
jealousies  and  animosities  will  be  engendered  between  rival 
parties  which  must  be  settled  by  mutual  concession.  In  all 
such  controversies  he  was  always  consulted,  and  his  con- 
servative disposition,  strengthened  by  his  love  of  harmonious 
proceedings,  always  enlisted  him  on  the  side  of  compromise, 
while  the  impress  of  his  diplomacy  can  be  clearly  traced  in 
the  present  high  position  occupied  to-day  by  the  tobacco 
trade  in  the  great  Queen  City.  Being  a quick  and  ready 
writer,  his  services  have  been  in  constant  requisition  by  the 
trade,  and  for  it  he  has  composed  innumerable  articles — 
obituaries,  biographies,  essays,  etc.  Probably  three-fourths 
of  the  tobacco  trade  literature  of  the  West  owes  its  existence 
to  his  pen ; and  an  address  to  his  constituents  at  an  agricul- 
tural fair,  held  at  Ripley,  Ohio,  on  “ Mason  County  To- 
bacco,” was  highly  commended  and  widely  published  as  a 
very  able  production.  The  humorous  side  of  his  character 
found  a suitable  field  in  his  auction  sales,  which  were  in- 
variably conducted  by  him  in  person,  and  also  in  banquet 
speeches  made  after  the  removal  of  the  cloth.  One  of  the 
latter  effusions,  a speech  known  as  “ the  Boy  Allegory,”  was 
delivered  at  the  first  fair  of  the  trade,  held  in  the  Bodman 
warehouse ; another,  known  as  “ the  Argonauts,”  an  effort 
of  peculiar  brilliancy,  was  delivered  at  the  Spence  banquet, 
in  the  St.  Charles  Hotel.  Colonel  Phister  has  travelled 
very  considerably  in  the  prosecution  of  his  business,  and 
profited  greatly  by  his  travels.  He  possesses  a vast  fund  of 
curious  and  useful  information  on  a variety  of  subjects,  and 
as  a conversationalist  is  an  exhaustless  disjrenser  of  quaint 
ideas  and  odd  fancies.  He  is  totally  opposed  to  liquor  as  a 
beverage,  and  to  the  use  of  tobacco  in  all  its  forms,  and  is  a 
zealous  Old  School  Presbyterian.  Politically,  he  is  a liberal 


Democrat,  and  though  tolerant  of  the  opinions  of  others,  has 
his  own  views  on  all  the  questions  of  the  day,  and  holds  to 
them  with  inflexible  pertinacity.  Endowed  with  keen  wit, 
a sprightly  mind,  fine  imaginative  powers  and  an  enviable 
flow  of  language,  he  would  have  made  his  mark  at  the  bar, 
in  the  pulpit  or  in  the  editorial  chair.  As  it  is,  his  position 
in  life  is  far  beyond  the  common  level,  and  in  the  eyes  of 
more  than  a majority  of  mankind  is  an  enviable  one,  and 
with  large  tincture  of  local  glory. 


>ORR,  CHARLES  WILLIAM,  Manufacturer,  was 
burn  in  Avon,  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  Januai'y  25th, 
1837.  He  entered  college  at  Oberlin,  Ohio,  in 
1856,  and  in  i860  graduated  from  the  Antioch 
College.  He  was  then  engaged  for  one  year  in 
teaching  in  the  Union  Schools  of  Vandalia,  Illi- 
nois, and  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  entered  the  army  as 
Captain  in  the  35th  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry. 
He  received  his  commission  from  the  Governor  of  Illinois 
in  1861.  At  the  close  of  a period  of  eighteen  months  he 
resigned  his  commission  and  commenced  operating  in  stocks. 
About  the  termination  of  the  rebellion  he  erected,  in  con- 
junction with  his  brother,  the  first  cheese  factory  in  northern 
Ohio.  Since  his  entry  into  this  business  he  has  continued 
to  sustain  it  with  energy  and  success,  and  the  house  in  which 
he  is  now  a partner  is  at  the  present  time  the  largest  manu- 
faeturer  of  cheese  and  butter  in  the  United  States.  His 
house  is  known  under  the  style  of  Bramm  & Horr.  He  is 
Director  of  the  Savings  Bank  of  Elyria,  and  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Wellington.  Allhough  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Columbus  in  1864  by  the  Supreme  Court,  he  has 
never  practised  his  profession,  but  devoted  his  time  and  at- 
tention entirely  to  his  manufacturing  business.  By  careful 
management  he  has  accumulated  considerable  property,  and 
gained  a leading  position  by  his  unswerving  integrity  amid 
his  fellow-townsmen.  Politically,  he  is  a liberal  Republican. 
He  was  married  in  i860  to  Esther  A.  Lang,  of  Huntington, 
Ohio,  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Lang. 


JACON,  HENRY  MARTYN,  Clergyman,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Albany,  New  York,  on  September 
24th,  1827,  of  English  parentage.  While  still 
quite  young,  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Wil- 
liamstown,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  and 
there  remained  until  he  reached  manhood,  his 
youthful  experiences  being  unmarked  by  any  remarkable  in- 
cidents. He  obtained  his  early  education  at  the  Berkshire 
common  schools,  and  when  he  had  reached  a suitahle  age 
entered  Williams  College,  at  Williamstown.  His  course 
there  was  a creditable  one,  and  he  graduated  with  honor. 
On  leaving  college  he  became  a teacher,  and  in  1845 


364 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILEDIA. 


went  to  Natchez,  Mississippi,  to  engage  there  in  that  profes- 
sion. He  taught  there  some  time,  and  then  went  to  Indi- 
ana, where  he  followed  teaching  in  various  portions  of  the 
State.  He  was  of  a devout  and  earnest  character,  and  felt 
a strong  desire  to  engage  in  teaching  of  a loftier  and  more 
important  kind  than  he  had  heretofore  been  occupied  in, 
high  and  important  as  that  is.  While  teaching  school  he 
was  also  studying,  with  a view  to  satisfying  this  aspiration 
by  entering  the  pulpit  as  a teacher  in  the  church.  Eventu- 
ally he  w.as  regularly  qualified  to  enter  the  pulpit  as  a Pres- 
byterian minister,  and  in  the  year  1851  he  went  to  Covington, 
Indiana,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
there.  He  occupied  the  pulpit  of  that  church  for  a period 
of  nine  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  went  to  Attica, 
Indiana,  where  he  remained  in  charge  of  a church  for  a 
year  and  a half.  Leaving  Attica  he  removed  to  Toledo, 
Ohio,  where  he  became  pastor  of  the  Westminster  Presby- 
terian Church.  There  he  still  remains,  engaged  in  earnest 
work,  and  doing  faithful  and  effective  service.  His  resi- 
dence at  Attica  was  interrupted  by  that  momentous  episode 
that  interrupted  the  course  of  so  many  individuals  and  com- 
munities, the  war  of  the  rebellion.  In  1862  he  joined  the 
63d  Indiana  Regiment  at  Attica,  as  Chaplain.  He  remained 
with  the  regiment  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  in 
June,  1865,  returned  to  Attica,  from  whence  he  went  to 
Toledo.  Besides  his  duties  as  pastor,  he  now  fulfills  those 
of  Trustee  of  Wooster  College,  a prominent  institution, 
located  at  Wooster,  Ohio.  He  was  married  on  November 
29th,  1852,  to  Mary  A.  Mallory,  of  Covington. 


jlLLSON,  HIRAM  V.,  Lawyer  and  Jurist,  was 
born  in  April,  1808,  in  Madison  county.  New 
York,  died  November  nth,  1866,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in 
1832,  and  then  commenced  reading  law  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  Jared  Willson,  of  Canandaigua, 
New  York.  He  continued  the  reading  of  law  in  the  office 
of  Francis  S.  Key,  and  supported  himself  for  a time  by 
teaching  in  a classical  school,  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 
He  was  an  earnest  student,  and  not  oidy  became  acquainted 
with  the  principles  of  law,  but  with  facts  and  precedents 
which  proved  of  great  service  to  him  later  in  life.  In  1833 
he  removed  to  Painesville,  Ohio,  but  soon,  with  his  class- 
male  and  intimate  friend,  Henry  B.  Payne,  removed  to 
Cleveland,  and  the  two  formed  a law  partnership.  These 
two  young  men  were  without  money,  hut  received  encour- 
agement from  some  of  the  older  lawyers,  and  were  soon 
known  as  able  attorneys.  In  a few  years  Mr.  Payne  retired 
from  the  partnership,  and  it  became  Willson,  Wade  & 
Hitchcock,  and  then  Willson,  Wade  & Wade.  In  1852  he 
received  the  Democratic  nomination  for  Congress,  and  at 
the  same  time  his  partner,  Ifdward  Wade,  was  nominated 
by  the  Free-Soil  party,  and  William  Case  was  nominated 


by  the  Whigs.  His  partner,  Edward  Wade,  was  success- 
ful, but  he  received  a heavy  vote.  In  the  winter  of  1854 
the  members  of  the  Cleveland  bar  selected  him  to  go  to 
Washington,  and  try  to  have  the  State  divided  into  two 
districts  for  judicial  purposes.  The  bill  was  successful,  and 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio 
was  formed.  President  Pierce,  in  March,  1855,  appointed 
him  Judge  of  the  newly  formed  district,  which  gave  general 
satisfaction  to  the  bar.  When  he  became  a judge  he  ceased 
to  be  a politician.  The  bench  he  considered  far  removed 
from  the  arena  of  political  strife,  and  from  that  time  no 
purely  political  or  per.sonal  motives  swayed  his  mind  or 
affected  his  decisions.  The  new  court  was  crowded  with 
business  from  the  start.  The  civil  and  criminal  cases  com- 
ing before  it  were  numerous  and  important,  and  a large 
share  of  noteworthy  cases  were  suits  in  admiralty,  arising 
on  the  lakes.  Many  of  his  decisions  are  retained  in  the 
law-book  as  important  authority,  furnishing  valuable  pre- 
cedents, and  being  models  of  deep  research  and  clear  state- 
ment. One  decision  in  admiralty  affirmed  that  maritime 
liens  of  men  fur  wages  and  material  for  supplies  are  a pro- 
prietary interest  in  the  vessel  itself,  and  cannot  be  divested 
by  the  acts  of  the  owners  or  by  any  casualty  until  the  claims 
are  paid,  and  that  such  liens  inhere  to  the  ship  and  all  of  her 
parts  wherever  found  and  whoever  may  be  the  owner.  In 
other  cases  he  decided  and  supported  the  decisions  by 
voluminous  precedents,  that  the  admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction  passed  by  the  District  Courts  of  the  United 
States,  oil  the  Western  lakes  and  rivers,  under  the  Constitu- 
tion and  Act  of  17S9,  was  independent  of  the  Act  of  1845, 
and  was  unaffected  thereby ; and  also,  that  the  District 
Courts  of  the  United  States  having  under  the  Constitution 
and  Acts  of  Congress  exclusive  original  cognizance  of  all 
civil  causes  of  admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction,  the 
courts  of  common  law  are  precluded  from  proceeding  vi 
rein,  to  enforce  such  maritime  claims.  Very  many  other 
most  important  decisions  might  be  referred  to  if  necessary, 
to  give  his  correctness  in  deciding  the  most  intricate  ques- 
tions of  admiralty.  The  John  Brown  raid,  and  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  found  him  ready  to 
define  the  law  in  regard  to  conspiracy  and  treason,  drawing 
with  great  skill  the  line  of  difference  between  a meeting  for 
the  expression  of  opinions  hostile  to  the  government,  and  a 
gathering  for  the  purpose  of  violently  opposing  or  overturn- 
ing the  government.  He  always  insisted  upon  the  criminal- 
ity of  an  attempt  to  overthrow  the  government.  In  1865 
his  health  gave  away,  and  in  the  early  winter  of  that  year 
he  visited  New  Orleans  and  the  West  Indies.  The  weather 
being  unusually  inclement,  he  returned  without  having  been 
benefited.  When  the  term  of  court  arrived,  he  insisted  on 
being  taken  down  to  the  city  to  open  the  court,  and  to  see 
that  everything  started  correctly.  The  effort  was  too  much 
for  him,  and  he  gradually  sank  under  his  disease,  consump- 
tion, until  the  nth  day  of  November,  1866,  when  he  died. 
He  had  some  months  before  been  received  into  the  First 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDI A. 


365 


Presbyterian  Church,  of  wliich  he  had  long  been  an  attend- 
ant and  active  supporter,  and  passed  away  in  peace,  with 
the  full  hope  of  a true  Christian.  The  bar  of  the  district 
reeeived  the  news  of  his  death  with  great  sorrow,  among 
whom  he  had  no  enemies.  The  resolutions  referred  to  him 
as  “a  learned,  upright,  and  fearless  judge,  ever  doing  right 
and  equity  among  the  suitors  of  his  court,  fearing  only  the 
errors  and  mistakes  to  which  a fallible  human  judgment  is 
ever  liable.  Urbanity  and  courtesy  to  the  older  members 
of  the  bar,  protecting  and  loving  kindness  to  its  younger 
members,  and  deep  and  abiding  interest  in  the  reputation 
of  all,  were  among  his  distinguishing  characteristics.”  The 
feeling  expressed  by  the  members  of  the  bar  was  felt  by  a 
great  many  other  persons  who  knew  him,  and  respected 
him  as  a friend,  a neighbor,  a citizen,  or  a judge,  lie  was 
married  in  1835  to  the  widow  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck,  of  Detroit, 
Michigan. 


OOD,  OLIVER,  Proprietor  of  the  Ironton  Hotel 
and  Brevet  Brigadier-General  United  Slates  Vol- 
unteers, was  born,  June  25th,  1825,  at  Corinth, 
Saratoga  county.  New  York,  and  is  the  fourth  of 
seventeen  children,  whose  ])arents  were  Obadiah 
and  Mary  (.Seeley)  Wood.  His  father  was  a native 
of  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  of  a Connecticut  family, 
and  of  remote  English  descent.  He  was  during  his  lifetime 
an  agriculturist  and  a manufacturer  and  dealer  in  lumber 
he  was  also  remarkable  as  a public-spirited  citizen,  and  was 
for  a number  of  years  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Township 
Supervisor.  On  account  of  his  youth  he  was  prevented  from 
being  a participant  in  the  war  of  1812,  although  he  had  en- 
listed for  service.  He  died  in  June,  1871.  His  wife,  Mary 
Seeley,  was  of  Spanish  descent,  and  a native  of  Saratoga 
county.  New  York.  She  died  at  Corinth,  New  York.  Oliver 
was  carefully  trained  in  industrious  habits  of  life,  and  was 
O'"'  both  a farm  and  in  the  lumber  business  until  he 
was  twenty-two  years  old,  attending  school  during  the 
winter  seasons  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  com- 
menced business  on  his  own  account  at  twenty-two  years 
of  age  in  Chautauqua  county,  in  a saw-mill  and  on  a farm, 
continuing  in  these  for  two  years.  In  1849  he  was  elected 
Constable  and  Collector  of  Ellicott  township,  and  performed 
these  duties  for  three  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  he 
remained  unemployed  for  one  year.  In  the  spring  of  1853 
he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  on  the  ist  of  April  located  at 
Portsmouth,  Scioto  county,  where  he  resided  until  I'ebruary, 
1874,  being  principally  engaged  there  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness until  the  civil  war  broke  out.  On  April  i6th,  1861, 
he  enlisted  as  a member  of  Company  I),  22d  Regiment, 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  stationed  at  Camp  Jack- 
son,  Columbus.  In  May  he  was  elected  First  Lieutenant 
of  his  company  while  thus  encamjied.  He  served  with  the 
regiment  during  their  three  months’  service  in  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  was  mustered  out  in  August,  1861.  During  the 


following  month  he  raised  a company  (Company  B of  the 
I3lh  Missouri  Volunteers),  and  was  elected  its  Captain. 
The  regiment  was  organized  at  Benton  Barracks,  Missouri, 
where,  with  his  company  in  camp,  he  remained  until  Janu- 
ary, 1862.  He  was  now  ordered  with  the  regiment  to  the 
field,  and  was  soon  afterwards  in  Kentucky.  In  June,  1862, 
the  appellation  of  this  regiment  was  changed  to  the  22d 
Ohio  Volunteers,  as  seven  of  its  companies  were  Ohio  troop.s, 
one  was  from  Illinois  and  two  from  Missouri.  He  was 
with  this  regiment  until  it  was  mustered  out  of  the  service, 
November  i8th,  1864.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  the 
battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Pittsburgh  Landing,  the  siege  of 
Corinth,  the  battle  of  Corinth,  Vicksburg,  and  Little  Rock, 
beside  numerous  smaller  engagements.  He  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major,  on  May  9th,  1862.  On  September 
l6lh  of  the  same  year  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Col- 
onel; and  on  the  5th  of  March,  1865,  was  brevetted  Briga- 
dier-General for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war.  On  December  9th,  1S64,  he  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  4lh  United  .States  Veteran  Volunteers,  by  Secretary 
Stanton,  and  att.acbed  to  the  1st  Army  Corps  under  General 
Hancock,  .and  was  ordered  to  Virginia,  where  he  served  as 
Colonel  of  this  body  until  March  1st,  1866,  doing  service  in 
Virginia,  Maryland,  Ohio,  and  in  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
He  then  returned  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  where  he  resumed 
the  lumber  business  until  1870.  In  1867  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Portsmouth,  and  continued  in  that  jiosition 
seven  years,  retiring  from  the  same  in  1874.  In  that  year 
he  became  proprietor  of  the  Ironton  Hotel,  which  has  since 
occupied  his  entire  attention.  His  political  creed  is  that 
of  the  Republican  party  ; and  in  religious  faith  he  is  a mem- 
ber of  the  Ivpiscopal  Church.  Socially  he  is  pleasant  and 
agreeable;  his  character  for  integrity  is  unquestionable; 
and  he  has  ever  been  noted  for  untiring  industry,  energy, 
and  temperate  habits.  He  was  married,  March  l6th,  1845, 
to  Mary  Rhodes,  a native  of  Edenbiirg,  Saratoga  county. 
New  York,  who  died  in  October,  1852,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren. He  was  united  to  his  second  wife,  Emily  H.  Mylin- 
ger,  of  Lancaster,  Ohio,  on  June  26th,  1855. 


EAL,  HENRY  S.,  was  born,  August  25tb,  1828,  at 
Gallipolis,  Ohio,  and  is  the  fourth  of  seven  chil- 
dren, whose  parents  were  Henry  H.  and  Lydia 
(Safford)  Neal.  His  fatner  was  a native  of 
Parkersburg,  West  Virginia,  where  he  was  born 
in  i8cx3.  He  is  of  Irisb  ext.-action,  being  a de- 
scendant of  that  ancient  and  honorable  family  of  “ O’Neills  ” 
who  fill  so  barge  a page  in  the  history  of  Ireland.  His  an- 
cestors immigrated  to  this  country  prior  to  the  revolution- 
ary war,  and  in  that  momentous  struggle  embraced  the 
p.atriot  cause,  while  other  members  of  the  family  fought  in 
behalf  of  the  British.  This  so  enraged  the  ancestor  that 
he  changed  his  name  to  “ Neal.”  Henry’s  mother  was  a 


366 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


native  of  Poultney,  Vermont,  a daughter  of  Jonas  Safford, 
whose  ancestors  came  from  Ipswich,  England,  in  colonial 
times.  They  were  generally  distinguished  for  intellectual, 
moral  and  religious  culture.  Dr.  Safford  became  a resident 
of  Gallipolis  in  i8i  i,  and  during  his  lifetime  was  the  leading 
physician  of  that  section.  His  daughter  Lydia  was  born 
April  5th,  iSoi  ; married  Henry  H.  Neal  December  19th, 
1822 ; and  died  April  9th,  1834.  She  was  a noble  Christian 
woman,  first  in  every  good  word  and  work,  and  did  much 
towards  preparing  the  subject  of  this  sketch  for  a life  of  use- 
fulness and  worth.  He  was  early  taught  moral  and  indus- 
trious habits,  and  through  his  own  energy  and  determina- 
tion, seconded  by  the  aid  of  his  liberal-minded  father, 
acquired  a liberal  education,  graduating  at  Marietta  College 
in  1S47.  .Shortly  after,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Hon.  Simeon  Nash,  then  and 
since  one  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers  and  jurists  of 
southern  Ohio.  He  pursued  his  studies  with  great  energy 
and  assiduity  for  the  period  of  three  years,  when  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  shortly  afterwards  removed 
to  Ironton,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  soon  attained  a leading 
position  at  the  bar,  and  is  noted  for  his  irreproachable  in- 
tegrity, sound  judgment,  and  legal  acquirements.  In  1861 
he  married  Mary  J.  Campbell,  eldest  daughter  of  Hon.  John 
Campbell,  of  Ironton,  an  extensive  ironmaster,  and  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  business  men  of  that  section.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  serving  in 
that  capacity  for  a period  of  four  years,  with  credit  to  him- 
self and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  constituents.  In  1869, 
on  account  of  impaired  health,  he  sought  an  appointment  in 
Europe  from  President  Grant,  and  w.as  sent  as  Consul  to 
Lisbon,  Portugal.  Shortly  after  arriving  out,  the  legation 
became  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  the  Minister  Resident, 
and  Mr.  Neal  was  appointed  Charge  d’ Affaires  ad  interim. 
The  duties  of  this  office  he  discharged  so  acceptably  as  to 
receive  the  special  thanks  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  These 
offices  he  resigned  for  the  reason  that  his  health  was  not 
improved,  and  he  could  neither  benefit  himself  nor  serve  his 
country  usefully,  and  returned  to  Ironton,  where  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  On  three  different  occasions 
he  was  appointed  to  investigate  Indian  frauds.  His  reports 
on  the  files  of  the  Interior  Department  testify  to  the  thor- 
oughness of  his  work.  In  1873  he  w.as  elected  without 
opposition  to  the  Ohio  Constitutional  Convention,  and  upon 
the  floor  of  the  Convention,  and  also  as  a member  of  the 
Judicial  Committee,  he  took  a prominent  part  in  the  labors 
of  that  body.  Politically  he  is  a Republican  of  Whig  ante- 
cedents, and  an  earnest  friend  of  the  “American  system  ” 
so  ably  advocated  by  Henry  Clay  and  other  distinguished 
statesmen,  of  “ protection  to  American  industry,”  believing 
that  the  prosperity  of  the  industrial  interests  of  this  counti-y 
largely  depend  upon  the  continued  embodiment  of  that 
policy  in  our  political  economy.  He  has  strong  religious 
convictions,  being  a membsr  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 


I but  is  not  sectarian  in  his  feelings,  and  regards  with  speci.al 
interest  all  sincere  efforts  from  every  quarter  to  enlarge  the 
Master’s  kingdom.  He  is  of  social  habits,  and  enjoys  the 
confidence  and  respect  of  all  good  men. 


EDRETTI,  FRANCISCO,  Fresco  Artist  of  Cin- 
cinnati, was  born  in  Lombardy,  Italy,  June  22d, 
1829.  He  early  exhibited  a taste  for  painting, 
and  his  parents  judiciously  took  steps  to  develop 
his  artistic  talents.  He  was  accordingly  placed 
under  the  instruction  of  Professor  Pietro  Mariani, 
of  Milan,  and  afterwards  continued  his  education  at  the 
academy  at  Brera.  In  1848  he  left  his  native  country  on 
account  of  the  revolution  then  in  progress,  and  after  a year’s 
residence  in  Switzerland,  emigrated  to  America  and  settled 
in  New  York  in  1851,  where  his  skill  as  an  artist  and 
originality  as  an  ornamental  designer  soon  secured  him  a 
high  standing,  and  a continued  demand  for  his  services 
from  all  portions  of  the  counti^.  In  1853  he  removed  to 
Buffalo,  remaining  but  two  years,  after  which  he  located  at 
Cincinnati,  where  he  has  since  resided.  The  latter  city  has 
been  the  scene  of  a remarkable  professional  success,  which 
has  extended  over  eighteen  .States  of  the  Union.  In  these, 
evidences  of  his  ability  as  a,  fresco  artist  everywhere  abound, 
and  many  of  the  most  noted  and  beautiful  structures  in  the 
country  bear  upon  their  walls  the  added  graces  of  his  facile 
pencil.  He  is  devoted  to  his  art  and  has  done  more  to 
elevate  it  in  public  estimation  than  perhaps  any  other  painter 
in  the  countiy,  and  in  fixing  a higher  standard  for  artistic 
excellence  in  his  special  branch  has  necessitated  his  com- 
peers to  follow  in  the  pathway  indicated,  as  the  price  of 
success.  He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chapter  of  Architects,  and  is  widely  known  and  admired 
for  his  genius,  and  universally  respected  as  a useful  private 
citizen. 


USS,  ROSS  C.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  April  9th,  1834.  He  was  the  youngest 
child  in  a family  of  seven  children  whose  parents 
were  Matthew  Russ  and  Sarah  (Welsh)  Russ. 
His  father,  a native  of  Westmoreland  county, 
Virginia,  was  engaged  through  life  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  He  moved  from  his  native  State  to  Kentucky, 
and  thence  at  a later  date  removed  to  Ohio,  settling  in 
Brown  county,  near  Georgetown,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death  in  1866.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
the  son  of  a colonist  who  took  part  as  a patriot  in  the  revo- 
lutionary struggle.  He  was  a man  of  sound  judgment  and 
unquestionable  integrity,  and  a true  Christian  gentleman. 
The  mother  of  Ross,  a native  of  Mason  county,  Kentucky, 
was  a daughter  of  Thomas  Welsh,  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  that  county.  Her  forefathers  also  had  been  identified 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


367 


with  the  patriot  cause,  and  taken  part  in  the  engagements 
of  the  troublous  times  preceding  the  year  17S3.  His  boy- 
hood days  were  passed  alternately  in  attending  school  and 
in  working  on  a farm.  He  attended  the  Williamsburg 
High  School  in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  and  in  his  seven- 
teenth year  began  teaching  school  in  Brown  county,  Ohio, 
studying  medicine  in  his  leisure  hours.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  entered  the  office  of  his  brother,  Ur.  Matthew 
C.  Russ,  at  Royalton,  Boone  county,  Indiana.  Subsequently 
he  became  a student  in  Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago, 
Illinois,  and  graduated  with  honor  from  that  institution  in 
1856.  In  this  year  he  returned  to  Royalton,  Indiana,  and 
there  began  the  practice  of  medicine.  At  the  termination 
of  five  years  spent  in  successful  labors,  he  removed  to  Ohio 
in  1863,  and  settled  in  Danville,  Highland  county,  where 
he  practised  medicine  until  1869.  He  then  located  his 
office  in  Hillsborough,  the  county-seat,  and  there  has  since 
resided,  engaged  in  the  control  of  an  e.xtensive  medical 
practice.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  commis- 
sioned Surgeon  of  the  103d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  but  owing  to  a precarious  state  of  health,  was  not 
able  to  remain  with  his  regiment  throughout  its  entire  term 
of  service.  Public  office  of  a partisan  or  political  nature  he 
has  never  either  sought  or  accepted.  He  is  a valued 
member  of  the  Highland  County  Medical  Society,  and  has 
contributed  scientific  articles  to  the  leading  medical  jour- 
nals, which  have  thrown  great  light  on  the  histology,  path- 
ology, and  treatment  of  various  intricate  diseases,  and  which 
have  been  generally  highly  appreciated  by  the  leading 
members  of  the  medical  profession.  Politically  his  ideas 
on  the  proper  form  of  government,  and  the  right  policy  of 
his  country,  incline  him  to  support  the  Republican  party. 
His  religious  opinions  attach  him  to  the  Methodist  Church. 
He  was  married  in  1862  to  Myra  M.  Wright,  a native  of 
Lexington,  Kentucky. 


m 


y.o 


OUDON,  DE  WITT  CLINTON,  Soldier,  Law- 
yer, and  Jurist,  was  born.  May  29th,  1827,  at 
Georgetown,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the 
eldest  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Chapman) 
Loudon.  When  he  was  five  years  of  age  his 
father  removed  to  a farm.,  where  his  son  labored 
during  the  farming  season,  and  attended  the  district  school 
in  the  winter  months.  In  .September,  1845,  he  entered  the 
Ohio  University  at  Athens,  where  he  remained  until  May, 
1846,  when  he  volunteered  as  a private  in  Captain  McLean’s 
company,  2d  Ohio  Regiment,  commanded  by  Colonel 
George  W.  Morgan.  On  his  arrival  at  Camp  Belknap, 
Texas,  he  was  transferred  to  the  1st  Regiment  Ohio  Volun- 
teers, in  which  he  served  until  the  expiration  of  his  enlist- 
ment. In  the  latter  regiment  he  was  promoted  to  Company 
Sergeant,  and  subsequently  to  Quartermaster  .Sergeant. 
After  his  discharge  from  the  service  he  returned  to  the 
university,  whence  he  graduated  in  1850,  receiving  the 


degree  of  A.  B.  After  graduation  he  remained  some  time 
as  tutor,  and  thence  removed  to  Georgetown — where  he  has 
ever  since  resided — where  he  entered  the  law  office  of  D.  G. 
Devon,  and  continued  the  study  of  law,  to  which  he  had 
already  given  considerable  attention.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  in  November,  1851,  and 
immediately  thereafter  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  his  native  town.  He  was  elected  Probate  Judge 
in  1857,  but  after  a few  months’  service  resigned  the  office 
and  returned  to  the  bar.  He  was  commissioned  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  70th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers  on  October 
2d,  1861,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  .spring 
of  1864,  and  in  the  following  month  of  August  was  dis- 
charged for  disability.  As  soon  as  his  health  was  sufficiently 
restored,  he  resumed  his  practice,  which  he  has  steadily  pur- 
sued since  that  time.  In  January,  1869,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  the  United  States  .Supreme  Court.  In  political 
creed  he  was  a radical  Democrat  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
rebellion,  at  which  time  he  joined  the  Union  party,  and 
gave  an  active  support  to  the  war.  In  1872  he  united  with 
the  Liberal  movement,  and  supported  Greeley  for  the  Presi- 
dency. In  1873  he  was  a candidate  for  Supreme  Judge 
under  the  nomination  of  the  People’s  party.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  April,  1852,  to  Hannah  W.  Bolles,  a native  of 
Southbridge,  Massachusetts. 


q)  j|^l|^WVNNE,  ELI  W.,  Merchant,  was  born  near 
qIJSv  Cumberland,  Maryland,  on  December  l8th,  1794. 
plj  1 His  father,  Evan  Gwynne,  died  early,  but  his 

mother,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gwynne,  who  died  in  this 

city  in  1847  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-eight 
C9 

years,  was  widely  known  in  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  of  which  she  was  a member.  Eli  Gwynne 
was  one  of  ten  brothers  who  all  died  before  him.  His  only 
sister,  Mrs.  Edmiston,  of  this  city,  survived  him.  He  came 
to  Ohio  when  a boy,  about  1810  or  1811,  and  entered  into 
business  with  his  older  brother  in  Franklinton,  in  Franklin 
county,  but  soon  after  removed  to  Madison  county  on  what 
was  and  is  known  as  the  Gwynne  farm,  and  commenced  a 
store  at  Urbana,  Champaign  county.  The  business  of  the 
Gwynne  Brothers  was  mercantile  and  agricultural,  and 
gradually  grew  to  large  extent.  During  the  war  of  1812 
David  Gwynne  entered  the  army  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Major.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  appointed  Paym.aster, 
and  in  assisting  him  Eli  Gwynne,  then  quite  a young  man, 
traversed  a large  part  of  northwestern  Ohio  on  horseback, 
suffering  greatly  at  times  from  exposure  and  privation  inci- 
dent to  pioneer  life.  After  the  war  he  continued  his  con- 
nection with  the  business  of  his  brother  until  the  death  of 
Thomas  Gwynne,  and  the  removal  of  his  brother  to  Cincin- 
nati. This  left  him  in  full  control  of  their  extensive  busi- 
ness, which  he  carried  on  for  a number  of  years.  At  one 
time  he  had  stores  in  Urbana,  Springfield,  and  Columbus, 


368 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


and  the  farm  in  Madison  county  to  superintend  and  direct. 
When  it  is  remembered  that  in  those  days  no  railroads 
e.xisted,  and  purchases  of  goods  were  all  made  in  the  East, 
and  communication  with  the  different  towns  was  difficult, 
an  idea  can  be  formed  of  the  energy  requisite  to  prosecute 
successfully  such  extended  affairs.  Mr.  Gwynne  retired 
from  mercantile  pursuits,  about  1855,  to  his  beautiful  home 
near  Lafayette,  where  he  gave  his  attention  to  farming  and 
cattle  grazing.  His  growing  fortune  brought  him  into  in- 
timate relations  with  the  financial  affairs  of  the  city,  and 
in  everything  connected  with  the  business  and  prosperity 
of  city.  State  and  nation  he  took  a deep  interest  and  active 
part.  He  was  a man  of  close  observation  and  accurate 
judgment,  and  when  he  had  once  matured  his  plans  he 
was  a bold  and  firm  operator.  He  was  exact,  just  and 
methodical  in  business  matters,  asking  only  what  was  right, 
but  submitting  to  no  wrong.  He  died  in  Columbus,  De- 
cember yth,  1866. 


rA?/- 


t 


jOSECRANS,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  STARKE, 
was  born  in  Kingston  township,  Delaware  county, 
Ohio,  September  6th,  1819.  The  name  “ Rose- 
crans  ” is  Dutch,  signifying  “a  wreath  of  roses.” 
His  ancestors  came  from  Amsterdam.  His  father, 
Crandall  Rosecrans,  emigrated  to  Ohio  from  the 
Wyoming  valley,  Pennsylvania,  in  1808.  His  mother, 
Jemima  (Hopkins)  Rosecrans,  was  a kinswoman  of  Timothy 
Hopkins,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, and  a daughter  of  a soldier  in  the  Revolution.  Their 
son  was  a studious  lad,  with  a mind  prone  to  dwell  upon 
religious  subjects,  and  with  a disposition  to  engage  others 
in  conversation  upon  topics  of  this  class.  He  also  loved 
science  and  the  study  of  mathematics,  and  eventually  con- 
ceived a desire  to  enter  the  Academy  at  West  Point.  Un- 
known to  his  family,  he  endeavored  to  secure  an  appoint- 
ment through  Hon.  Joel  R.  Poinsett,  .Secretary  of  War 
under  President  Van  Buren.  Failing  to  receive  a prompt 
answer  to  his  request  he  broached  the  subject  to  his  father, 
who  at  once  sanctioned  his  ambition.  A petition  being 
prepared  and  largely  signed,  he  was  about  to  send  it  to 
Washington,  when  he  received  notice  that  the  appointment 
was  his.  At  the  academy  he  was  a close  student,  rather 
retired  in  his  manner,  and  something  of  a religious  enthu- 
siast. He  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1842,  and  among 
his  fellow-graduates  were  many  whose  names  were  brought 
into  prominence  during  the  late  conflict,  among  others  Long- 
street,  Pope,  Doulrleday,  and  Earl  Van  Dorn.  Entering 
the  preferred  corps  of  the  army,  the  Engineers,  he  was 
made  a Brevet  Second  Lieutenant,  and  sent  to  Fortress 
Monroe.  In  the  following  year  he  returned  to  the  acad- 
emy, first  as  Assist.ant  Professor  of  Engineering,  then  as 
Assistant  Professor  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy, 
then  in  charge  of  the  department  of  Practical  Engineering, 
and  finally  as  Post-Quartermaster.  Soon  after  his  return  to 


the  academy  he  married  Miss  liegeman,  only  daughter  of 
Adrian  liegeman,  at  the  time  a prominent  member  of  the 
bar  of  New  York.  Remaining  at  West  Point  seven  years, 
he  was  sent,  in  1847,  to  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  to  take 
charge  of  fortifications  and  other  matters  there.  For  the 
next  five  years  he  was  engaged  in  various  works  calling 
into  play  his  excellent  qualifications  as  an  Engineer,  when, 
in  1853,  his  health  broke  down.  He  had  now,  after  serving 
with  credit  for  eleven  of  the  best  years  of  his  life,  reached 
the  grade  of  First  Lieutenant,  and  seeing  no  hope  of  early 
advancement  he  tendered  his  resignation.  The  Secretary 
of  War  (Jefferson  Davis),  alive  to  the  value  of  his  services, 
offered  him  a year’s  leave  of  absence  as  an  inducement  to 
him  to  withdraw  his  resignation,  with  the  understanding 
that,  at  the  end  of  his  leave,  he  might  still  be  at  liberty  to 
choose  between  civil  and  military  life.  Accordingly,  in 
April,  1S54,  he  resigned,  the  Chief  of  Engineers  addressing 
iiim  a complimentary  letter  in  acknowledgment  of  his  long 
and  valuable  services  to  his  country.  Soon  after  this  he 
was  located  in  Cincinnati,  where  his  office  sign  read : 
“ William  S.  Rosecrans,  Consulting  Engineer  and  Archi- 
tect.” .Some  time  after  he  became  Superintendent,  and 
then  President  of  the  Cannel  Coal  Company,  interested  in 
the  development  of  coal  fields  of  western  Virginia.  After 
this  he  took  charge  of  the  interests  of  the  Cincinnati  Coal 
Oil  Company.  But  in  these  enterprises,  although  others 
have  since  largely  profited  by  his  researches  and  experi- 
ments, he  was  not  pecuniarily  successful.  Still,  he  had  be- 
come a man  of  influence  in  the  city  which  he  had  made  his 
home.  The  war  coming  on,  he  at  once  grasped  the  situa- 
tion, and  devoted  his  whole  time  to  preventing  any  threat- 
ened invasion  of  Ohio  from  over  the  border.  On  the 
19th  of  April,  McClellan,  then  raised  to  a Major-General 
of  Militia,  appointed  him  to  select  a site  for  a camp  of  in- 
struction for  volunteers.  The  site  he  selected  was  after- 
wards known  as  Camp  Dennison.  Remaining  here  a few 
weeks.  Governor  Dennison  gave  him  several  tasks  to  perform 
in  connection  with  the  troops  being  raised,  all  of  which  he 
accomplished  with  success.  Early  in  June  he  was  ap- 
pointed Chief  Engineer  for  the  State,  under  a special  law, 
and  a few  days  later  Colonel  of  the  23d  Ohio  Volunteers, 
and  assigned  to  the  command  of  Camp  Chase  at  Columbus. 
P'our  days  after  this  his  commission  as  Brigadier-General, 
dating  from  April  l6th,  1861,  reached  him,  and  he  was 
called  into  active  service  in  West  Virginia.  Two  weeks 
after  he  assumed  command  his  brigade  won  a victory  that 
decided  the  first  campaign  of  the  war,  and  he  displayed, 
not  only  his  ability  as  a strategist,  but  great  gallantry  in 
charging  the  enemy  at  the  head  of  his  troops.  The  affair 
was  known  as  the  battle  of  Rich  Mountain.  His  success 
was  rewarded  by  his  being  placed  in  command  of  the  de- 
partment of  West  Virginia  on  McClellan’s  departure  for  the 
East.  But  his  command  was  much  depleted  by  the  expira- 
tion of  service  of  some  of  his  regiments,  and  the  raw  troops 
by  which  they  were  replaced  had  yet  to  be  tested.  General 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


369 


R.  E.  Lee  was  sent  to  oppose  him,  with  Floyd  and  Wise 
under  him.  The  campaign  ended  with  Lee  being  out- 
manoeuvred by  the  Union  General,  and  recalled  to  the  East. 
By  a unanimous  vote  the  Ohio  Legislature  thanked  the 
victor,  and  the  Legislature  of  West  Virginia  passed  a like 
resolution  of  thanks  for  his  conduct  of  civil  as  well  as 
military  affairs.  In  April,  1862,  he  was  relieved  of  his 
command  to  give  place  to  P'remont,  and  ordered  to  Wash- 
ington. After  remaining  there  some  time,  about  the  middle 
of  May  he  w.as  ordered  to  report  to  Halleck,  then  in  front 
of  Corinth.  Here,  although  placed  in  a subordinate  com- 
mand, being  practically  reduced  in  rank,  he  did  good  ser- 
vice. After  the  battle  he  succeeded  Pope  in  command  of 
the  Army  of  the  Mississippi.  Almost  alone  he  fought  the 
battle  of  luka,  through  a blunder  of  two  other  commanders, 
who  failed  to  reinforce  him.  Becoming  aware  of  a move- 
ment on  the  part  of  the  enemy  to  recapture  Corinth,  he 
prepared  to  give  them  battle.  Outnumbered,  two  to  one, 
the  Union  troops  fought  desperately,  alternately  losing  and  i 
gaining  ground.  At  last,  after  great  slaughter,  the  rebels 
were  driven  back.  In  “ Pollard’s  Southern  History”  the 
battle  is  described  as  “ the  great  disaster  which  was  to  re.act 
on  other  theatres  of  war,  and  cast  the  long  shadow  of  mis- 
fortune upon  the  country  of  the  West.”  In  the  very  flush 
of  victory,  and  while  in  hot  pursuit,  he  was  refused  aid  by 
Grant  and  ordered  back  to  Corinth,  much  against  his  will. 
A week  or  so  after  his  return  to  Corinth  he  was  ordered  to 
Cincinnati.  From  hence  he  was  instructed  to  relieve  Gen- 
eral Buell  in  Kentucky.  At  the  head  of  a large  but  de- 
moralized army,  he  was  requested  by  Halleck  to  move  into 
East  Tennessee.  Replying  that  this  was  impossible,  he  con- 
tinued in  his  work  of  reorganization.  Subsequent  move- 
ments of  the  rebels  vindicating  this  course,  his  displeased 
chief  again  and  again  ordered  him  to  move,  adding  at  last 
that  “ he  had  been  requested  by  the  President  to  designate 
a successor  for  General  Rosecrans.”  The  soldier’s  reply 
was:  “ My  appointment  to  the  command  having  been  made 
without  any  solicitation  from  me  or  my  friends,  if  the  Presi- 
dent continues  to  have  confidence  in  the  propriety  of  the 
selection,  he  must  permit  me  to  use  my  judgment  and  be 
responsible  for  the  results;  but  if  he  entertains  doubts  he 
ought  at  once  to  appoint  a commander  in  whom  he  can 
confide,  for  the  good  of  the  service  and  of  the  country.” 
At  last,  after  having  thoroughly  completed  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  his  army,  and  having  been  in  command  two  months, 
he  advanced  upon  the  enemy  at  Murfreesboro’,  December 
26th,  1862.  His  plan  of  battle  was  admirably  arranged, 
but  was  destined  to  be  marred  by  the  ill  luck  of  a division 
commander,  who  failed  to  hold  his  position.  Disaster  fol- 
lowed hard  upon,  but  the  general  in  command  never  lost 
his  presence  of  mind.  Rushing  where  danger  W’as  greatest, 
his  orders  were  quick  and  peremptoiy.  The  rebels  under 
Bragg  were  checked,  but  the  Union  forces  had  lost  heavily 
in  officers  and  men.  After  two  days  of  fighting,  without 
advantage  to  either  army,  Bragg  made  a gr.ind  onslaught, 
47 


driving  one  division  across  Stone  river  and  following  in 
pursuit.  On  an  eminence  the  Union  general  had  placed  a 
collection  of  batteries,  which  was  to  turn  the  tide  of  the 
day.  When  they  opened  their  mouths  the  shock  was  terrific. 
In  forty  minutes  two  thousand  rebels  were  strewn  about  the 
field,  and  as  this  slaughter  was  followed  up  by  a charge  by 
the  P'ederals  the  enemy  retreated  in  confusion.  The  battle 
of  Stone  River  was  over.  On  the  first  day  the  general’s 
chief  of  staff,  while  riding  by  his  side,  had  his  head  blown 
from  his  shoulders,  and  others  of  his  staff  were  struck. 
The  country  went  wild  with  joy  over  the  great  victory. 
The  personal  courage  of  its  author  was  in  everybody’s 
mouth.  But  with  this  victory  the  star  of  the  general  began 
to  descend.  He  could  never  agree  with  Halleck,  and  the 
latter  was  ever  finding  fault.  There  is  not  space  here  to 
give  a full  account  of  what  followed  Stone  River.  He  had 
further  successes  against  Bragg.  The  bloody  battle  of 
Chickamauga  was  fought.  Neither  army  could  claim  a vic- 
i tory,  but  it  furnished  cause  for  the  removal  of  the  Union  com- 
mander. He  was  relieved  by  General  George  H.  Thomas. 
Returning  to  Cincinnati,  after  having  held  the  command  for 
one  year,  he  was  out  of  active  service  for  three  months,  and 
served  as  President  of  the  Sanitary  Fair  at  that  place.  He 
never  uttered  a murmur  at  his  misfortunes,  but  still  used  all 
his  influence  for  the  cause  of  the  Union,  especially  among 
the  Roman  Catholics  of  the  State.  He  was  still  warmly 
regarded  by  the  citizens  of  Ohio,  and  he  was  looked  upon 
by  them  as  a much-abused  man.  At  last  he  was  called 
from  his  retirement,  and  ordered  to  relieve  Schofield  in 
command  of  the  department  of  Missouri.  Here  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  suppressing  guerilla  warfare,  in  ex- 
posing the  machinations  of  the  “ Order  of  American 
Knights,”  and  in  preparing  to  rejiel  the  rebel  Price’s 
threatened  invasion  of  the  State.  In  the  campaign  against 
Price,  when  the  latter  at  last  invaded  Missouri,  he  success- 
fully drove  him  out  and  inflicted  severe  punishment  upon 
him.  But  he  never  rose  again  into  the  full  confidence  of  the 
administration,  and  had  not  been  for  some  time  regarded 
kindly  by  Grant  or  Halleck.  The  danger  in  Missouri  being 
over,  he  was,  without  exjdanation  or  warning,  relieved  of 
his  command,  December  gth,  1864,  and  took  final  leave  of 
active  service.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  being  assigned  to 
no  department  of  the  service,  he  asked  for  a year’s  leave 
of  absence.  During  this  year  he  visited  Nevada,  and  in- 
spected the  silver  mines  in  that  and  other  Territories.  At 
the  end  of  his  leave  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the 
army.  For  some  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  mining  on 
the  Pacific  slope,  taking  no  part  in  public  affairs,  and 
strictly  confining  himself  to  his  business.  He  was,  without 
doubt,  one  of  the  greatest  generals  the  war  produced,  and 
certainly  the  greatest  strategist.  In  appearance  he  is  about 
six  feet  high,  well-formed,  and  wears  a (nil  but  trimmed 
beard.  He  is  a very  devout  Catholic,  and  his  brother. 
Right  Rev.  Sylvester  Rosecrans,  is  the  Bishop  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


370 


ESOR,  WILLIAM,  Slove  Manufacturer,  was  born, 
September  6th,  1810,  in  Mercersburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  father  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  the 
spring  of  i8n,  where  William  was  educated  at  a 
private  school.  He  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
tinner’s  trade  with  his  father,  who  had  established 
that  business  in  connection  with  copper  and  gunsmithing. 
He  labored  industriously  at  this  calling  until  1833,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  same  business  on  his  own  account.  In  1835 
he  took  the  stove  patterns  lo  the  iron  furnaces  on  the  Ohio, 
and  became  the  pioneer  of  stove  manufacture  in  the  West. 
In  1837  he  started  the  first  stove  foundry  in  Cincinnati,  and 
from  a small  beginning  increased  the  same  from  year  to 
year,  until  it  now  employs  some  two  hundred  and  fifty 
hands.  In  order  to  afford  necessary  business  facilities  for 
his  largely  augmented  business,  he  removed  to  a larger  site 
in  1847,  where  he  carried  on  the  manufactory  until  1857, 
when  the  foundry  was  destroyed  by  fire,  together  with  the 
large  stock  of  patterns.  Within  sixty  days  after  this  casualty 
occurred  he  had  rebuilt  the  foundry,  pattern  shop,  etc.,  and 
bad  prepared  new  patterns  and  tools.  At  his  own  expense 
he  erected  the  first  public  school  building  at  Clifton,  where 
he  resided,  and  of  which  he  had  been  one  of  the  earliest 
projectors,  having  removed  thither  in  1844.  He  was  one 
of  the  originators  and  directors  of  the  Spring  Grove  Cem- 
etery, and  took  a warm  interest  in  various  public  enter- 
prises. He  was  a man  of  great  energy,  and  possessed  fine 
executive  abilities.  He  was  exceedingly  well  informed, 
and  had  attained  rare  culture  from  extended  reading,  and 
observation  while  travelling  in  Europe  and  other  parts  of 
the  world.  During  a portion  of  his  business  career  his  two 
brothers  had  been  associated  in  partnership  with  him ; and 
for  some  time  previous  to  his  death  his  sons  had  been 
active  participants  in  the  management  of  the  works.  He 
was  married  in  1832  to  Mary  T.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Isaac 
G.  Burnet,  late  Mayor  of  Cincinnati.  He  died  April  3d, 
1874,  having  been  in  active  business  until  his  death,  when 
the  establishment  passed  into  the  hands  of  his  sons  and 
another  person  who  is  likewise  interested  in  the  business. 


ENNETT,  JO.SIAH  HIBB.ARD,  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  was  born,  Jidy  12th,  1826,  in  Allegany 
county.  New  York,  of  American  parentage  and 
of  Welsh  and  French  ancestry.  He  was  princi- 
pally educated  at  Temple  Hill  Seminary,  at 
Geneseo;  emigrating  to  Ohio  in  1846  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  the  tuition  of  Dr. 
William  C.  Porter,  and  subsequently  finished  his  course  of 
study  at  the  Starling  Medical  College,  in  Columbus,  in  the 
winter  of  1849-50.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Evansport,  Defiance  county,  and  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  physicians  of  that  section.  He  remained  there 
thirteen  years,  and  in  1863  removed  to  Wauseon,  in  Fulton 


county,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided  and  where  he  is 
known  and  recognized  as  an  able  physician  and  surgeon. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  for  the  air  line  of  the 
Lake  Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad  Company,  upon 
the  special  recommendation  of  Hon.  M.  R.  Waite,  the  pres- 
ent Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court, 
which  position  he  still  occupies  with  credit  to  himself,  with 
satisfaction  to  the  company  and  with  honor  to  the  profes- 
sion. He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Fulton  County  Medi- 
cal Society,  and  also  of  the  United  States  Medical  Congress. 
His  present  prominence  as  a physician  and  surgeon  is  due 
entirely  to  his  own  exertions  and  energy.  In  early  youth 
his  advantages  for  culture  were  rather  limited ; hut  by  dint 
of  industry  and  self-reliance — for  he  never  received  any 
outside  assistance  — he  has  attained  the  position  he  at 
present  occupies ; and  his  talents  and  rare  skill  have 
received  the  deference  to  which  he  is  entitled.  He  was 
married,  September  4th,  1850,  to  Tryphena  Denman,  of 
Defiance  county,  Ohio. 


OHN,  JOHN  W.,  Merchant,  Manufacturer  and 
Wine  Producer,  was  born  in  Bavaria,  May  15th, 
1815.  His  p.arents  rvere  William  L.  and  Cath- 
erine (Daener)  Sohn.  He  received  an  excellent 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  the  free  city  of 
Windsheim,  studying  Latin,  Greek,  French  and 
the  higher  mathematics  at  the  Gymnasium,  and  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  brewer 
and  cooper.  Having  finished  his  apprenticeship  he  came 
to  America  in  1834,  and  made  his  way  to  his  present  home, 
Hamilton.  Here  for  a time  he  was  reduced  to  the  greatest 
extremity;  and,  being  unable  to  find  work  at  either  branch 
of  his  trade,  began  his  career  in  the  new  world  by  chopping 
wood  at  twenty-five  cents  a cord.  After  some  months  he 
obtained  work  at  his  trade  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained 
three  years,  and  then  returning  to  Hamilton  started  for 
himself  in  a small  way  at  brewing.  His  business  gradually 
extended  and  his  means  constantly  increased  till,  in  1846, 
he  engaged  in  the- tanning  business,  and  this  enterprise  has 
increased  to  very  extensive  proportions,  embracing  one 
large  tanneiy  in  Hamilton  and  another  in  Pike  county. 
Though  no  longer  a brewer,  he  is  still  eng.aged  in  the 
business  of  malting,  and  for  years  has  been  experimenting 
with  great  interest  in  the  production  of  native  wine.  He 
has  the  largest  vineyard  in  Butler  county,  and  has  had 
great  success  in  producing  wine  from  the  Venango  grape. 
To  all  these  enterprises  Mr.  Sohn  has  added  the  business 
of  pork-packing,  in  which  line  he  does  the  largest  business 
in  the  county,  and  is  interested  with  two  of  his  sons-in-law 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  “ Universal  W’ood-working  Ma- 
chine,” which  is  the  invention  of  the  young  men,  and  a 
work  of  great  merit  in  the  manufacture  of  scroll  and  other 
kinds  of  wood-sawing  and  dressing.  He  also  carries  on  a 
leather  and  shoe-findings  store  in  Hamilton,  is  a Director 


&cilcLcy  Pub  Co 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.^IDI A. 


of  the  First  National  Bank,  ami  for  fifteen  years  has  been 
President  of  the  Hamilton  h ire  Insurance  Company.  With 
all  his  private  enterprises  he  has  still  found  time  to  take  an 
interest  in  public  affairs,  and  has  frequently  been  a member 
of  the  City  Council  and  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  city 
of  Hamilton.  He  has  also  been  County  Commissioner, 
and  in  1872  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  the  Liberal  or 
Greeley  faction  ; and  though  he  had  been  a life-long  Re- 
publican he  received  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Democratic 
party,  which  refused  that  term  to  place  an  opposition  can- 
didate in  the  field,  but  with  the  great  chief  under  whose 
ensign  he  entered  the  arena  he  was  defeated.  It  would  be 
superfluous  to  add,  after  having  enumerated  his  business 
enterprises,  that  Mr.  Sohn  is  a man  of  great  executive 
ability,  and  it  is  likewise  needless  to  state,  having  shown  j 
the  repeated  marks  of  public  confidence  which  he  has  ! 
received,  that  he  has  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  resides.  Cordial  in  his  manner  and 
simple  in  his  mode  of  life,  he  has  acquired  a large  fortune 
by  honesty,  industry  and  economy,  and  has  done  it  all 
without  incurring  the  reproach  (th.at  too  often  falls  upon 
men  of  riches)  either  of  parsimony  or  fraud.  His  charity 
has  been  as  broad  as  his  means,  and  for  a great  many  years 
he  has  been  President  of  the  United  German  Society,  an 
association  which  looks  after  the  physical  welfare  and  in- 
tellectual improvement  of  the  German  population  of  that 
county.  In  1840  he  married  Catharine,  daughter  of  Rev. 
Charles  E.  Rosenfield,  pastor  of  the  German  Lutheran  and 
Reform  Church  of  Hamilton.  With  her  he  has  had  nine 
children,  three  sons  and  six  daughters,  all  of  whom  are 
living. 

c' ANK.S,  JEDEDIAH,  Pioneer  Manufacturer  of 
Cincinnati,  was  born  at  Millville,  New  Jersey, 
-g'J  I .September  1st,  1792.  His  grandfather  was  a 
captain  and  his  father  a captain  in  the  American 
army  of  the  Revolution.  Both  were  captured  by 
the  British,  at  Amboy,  and  imprisoned  for  some 
months.  Jedediah  was  raised  on  a farm,  received  some 
education,  and  in  the  war  of  1812  was  one  of  the  “ Minute 
men”  of  his  neighborhood.  In  1817,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
five,  he  came  to  Cincinnati  with  his  wife  and  child.  He 
was  a man  of  mechanical  genius,  and  had  picked  up  a 
knowledge  of  iron-work  that  served  him  well  in  after  years. 
He  assisted  in  the  construction  of  the  first  boiler  made  in 
Cincinnati.  In  the  particular  work  of  heavy  welding  in 
those  pioneer  days  he  had  no  superior.  His  shop  was  sit- 
uated on  Columbus  street,  in  what  was  known  as  “ Flat-iron  ! 
Block.”  He  was  the  first  Steamboat  Inspector  appointed 
through  act  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  for  several  years 
held  this  position.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
prominent  Masons  in  the  West,  and  for  fifty  years  held 
faithful  relations  with  the  order  in  Cincinnati,  although  he 
had  tjecome  a member  many  years  before  in  the  East.  He 


^71 


was  made  a Knight  Templar  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  more  than 
half  a century  ago.  Sir  Thomas  Corwin  being  Eminent 
Commander  on  the  occasion.  Pie  was  an  enthusiast  in  the 
order  up  to  the  time  of  his  decease,  and  was  one  of  those 
who  united  in  the  organization  of  the  Cincinnati  Com- 
mandery,  in  1839.  Pie  was  also  one  of  the  oldest  volunteer 
firemen.  P'rom  his  youth  he  had  been  a member  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  although  he  seceded  from  the  mother 
church  years  ago  and  joined  the  Methodist  Protestants. 
He  died,  January  28th,  1876,  having  been  retired  from 
activities  of  life  over  twenty-five  years.  Two  sons  and  a 
daughter  survive  him. 


^OX,  D.WTD  C.,  Pension  Agent  for  the  District 
of  Columbia,  was  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  on 
the  14th  of  March,  1831.  His  father,  Horatio 
J.  Cox,  was  a native  of  New  Jersey,  but  became 
an  early  settler  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  where  he 
was  largely  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  paper, 
and  for  some  years  acted  as  an  associate  judge.  The 
mother  of  David  C.  was  nee  Ann  Chambers,  of  Virginia. 
The  education  obtained  was  only  the  thorough  course 
given  in  the  public  schools,  at  the  completion  of  which  Mr. 
Cox  engaged  in  assisting  his  father  in  his  business,  with 
whom  he  remained  until  about  thirty  years  of  age.  He 
then  entered  the  service  of  the  Central  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
Bellaire,  where  he  remained  until  January,  1862,  when 
General  B.  R.  Cowen  (the  present  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Interior),  who  had  been  chosen  Secretary  of  State  for 
Ohio,  selected  him  to  be  his  chief  clerk.  In  this  capacity 
he  was  engaged  for  about  one  year,  and  at  the  assembling 
of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  in  January,  1863,  he  was  chosen 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  that  body,  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  satisfactorily  performed  for  the 
session.  On  the  adjournment  of  the  Legislature  he  be- 
came one  of  the  secretaries  of  Governor  Tod,  remain- 
ing thus  occupied  during  the  completion  of  that  Executive’s 
term,  and  also  during  the  succeeding  year  (1864)  under 
the  administration  of  Governor  Brough.  In  1865  he  was 
again  called  to  the  chief  clerkship  in  the  Secretary  of  State’s 
office,  under  Hon.  W.  H.  Smith;  but  he  remained  here 
only  for  a brief  period.  On  the  election  of  Governor  Cox 
he  was  appointed  on  the  gubernatorial  staff  as  Assistant 
Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  and  acted  in 
this  c.apacity  during  his  term  of  office.  In  1869  Mr.  Cox 
was  appointed,  by  Columbus  Delano,  Siqrervisor  of  the 
Internal  Revenue  Bureau,  and  consequently  removed  to 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  The  manifold  duties 
of  this  office  were  thoroughly  and  eminently  satisfactorily 
performed  by  Mr.  Cox  during  his  term  of  service  in  this 
department,  which  lasted  until  March,  1871,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Interior  Department,  and  acted  as  Super- 
intendent of  Documents  up  to  February,  1872,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  his  present  office  of  Pension  Agent  of  the 


372 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


District  of  Columbia,  and  reappointed  at  the  expiration  of 
his  first  term,  a short  time  since.  He  was  married  in  1856 
to  Alice  Lee,  of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In  politics  Mr.  Cox  has 
always  acted  with  the  Republican  party,  and  his  long  con- 
tinuance in  public  positions  bears  testimony  to  his  ability 
and  integrity  as  a public  servant.  In  1871  he  was  appointed 
by  the  President  one  of  the  Board  of  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sion, in  which  body  he  served  for  three  years,  and  until  its 
dissolution. 


' ARRERE,  HON.  JOHN  M.,  Postmaster  of  Hills- 
borough, Highland  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  July  nth,  iSoo. 
He  was  the  third  in  a family  of  twelve  children, 
whose  parents  were  George  W.  Barrere  and  Abi- 
gail Mills  Barrere,  who  came  to  Ohio  and  settled 
in  New  Market,  Highland  county,  in  the  fall  of  1803.  Until 
his  boyhood  days  were  passed  he  was  occupied  mainly  in 
attending  school  during  the  winter  months  and  working  on 
a farm  the  balance  of  his  time.  He  was  married,  August 
30th,  1821,  to  Margaret  Morrow,  a daughter  of  James  Mor- 
row, an  early  pioneer  of  Highland  county,  Ohio,  who  re- 
moved to  that  place  from  Pennsylvania  in  1807;  he  w'as  a 
useful  and  loyal  citizen,  and  for  a number  of  years  held  the 
office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace;  he  died  February  22d,  1838. 
In  the  spring  of  1822  John  M.  Barrere  erected  his  log  cabin 
in  the  midst  of  a dense  forest,  his  nearest  neighbor  being 
one  and  a half  miles  away,  and  lived  there  until  1830,  clear- 
ing in  that  time  about  twenty-five  acres,  and  encountering 
such  hardships  and  privations  as  are  unknown  to  the  more 
recent  and  fortunate  settler.  In  the  course  of  that  year  he 
disposed  of  his  farm  and  moved  to  the  village  of  New 
Market,  where  he  was  subsequently  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  for  about  sixteen  years.  He  then  sold  out  his  in- 
terest in  the  business  and  purchased  a farm  adjoining  the 
village,  and  returned  to  his  former  mode  of  life.  On  this 
property  he  resided  until  1867.  He  was  made  a Mason, 
and  admitted  a member  of  Highland  Lodge,  No.  38,  of 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  on  February  4th,  1826.  He 
was  subsequently  exalted  to  the  most  sublime  degree  of 
Royal  Arch  Mason  ; advanced  to  the  degrees  of  Royal  and 
Select  Master,  and  admitted  to  the  order  of  Christian 
Knighthood;  he  has  been  an  active  and  working  Mason  for 
fifty  years,  serving  as  Master  of  Highland  Lodge,  No.  38; 
High  Priest  of  Hillsborough  Chapter,  No.  40,  Royal  Arch 
Masons,  and  Thrice  Illustrious  Grand  Master  of  Hillsbor- 
ough Council,  No.  16,  Royal  and  Select  Master  Masons,  for 
many  years,  and  long  a member  of  tlie  Grand  Lodge,  Grand 
Chapter  and  Grand  Council  of  Ohio.  His  first  election  to 
the  Senate  of  Ohio,  in  which  he  served  two  years,  dates 
from  1843  ; his  second  from  1853,  when  he  again  served  two 
years.  During  his  first  term  as  a member  of  the  Legislature 
he  secured  distinction  as  a zealous  supporter  of  the  general 
system  of  State  banks.  For  thirty-five  years  he  has  been  a 


consistent  and  exemplary  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  in  its  doctrines  and  communion  finds  the  .solu- 
tion of  the  great  problem  of  the  life  that  now  is  and  the 
life  that  is  to  come.  In  1861  he  assisted  in  raising  and 
organizing  the  60th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  accompanied  it  to  the  scenes  of  war  as  Adjutant,  and 
remained  in  the  service  until  the  fall  of  1862.  At  Harper’s 
Ferry,  Virginia,  he  was  wounded,  and  lost  his  left  hand, 
and  with  his  regiment  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Confed- 
erate forces.  He  was  subsequently  released  on  parole  and 
returned  to  his  home.  Of  five  sons  who  served  efficiently 
in  the  Union  army  during  the  progress  of  the  sectional  con- 
test, one  died  of  disease,  contracted  while  assisting  in  the 
defence  of  the  national  flag  and  the  unity  of  the  nation;  one 
was  blown  up  on  board  of  the  ill-fated  steamer  “ Sultana ; ” 
and  one  was  starved  to  death  in  that  monstrous  enclosure 
known  in  the  annals  of  infamy  as  Andersonville  Prison.  In 
1863  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works 
of  Ohio,  and  was  again  elected  in  1866,  serving  in  that  re- 
lation for  six  years.  In  1S67  he  moved  to  Hillsborough, 
where  he  now  resides.  In  1S69  he  was  appointed  Post- 
master, and  since  that  date  has  been  constantly  engaged  in 
the  active  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  office. 


I^OLLEV,  JUDGE  PERAS  R.,  Judge  of  the  Probate 
Court  of  Lawrence  County,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Otsego  county.  New  York,  May  5th,  1815.  He 
was  the  third  child  in  a family  of  ten  children, 
whose  parents  were  Daniel  Policy  and  Mary 
(Holcomb)  Policy.  His  father,  a native  of 
Massachusetts,  followed  through  life  the  trade  of  millwright, 
and  also  agricultural  pursuits;  he  moved  to  Ohio  in  March, 
1816,  settling  in  Gallia  county,  whence,  after  selling  his 
farm,  in  March,  1858,  he  removed  to  Jackson  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  resided  permanently  untd  his  demise  in  1S64;  he 
had  been  an  active  participant  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was 
the  son  of  Daniel  Policy,  a revolutionary  soldier.  His 
mother,  a native  of  Chenango  county.  New  York,  was  a 
daughter  of  Zephaniah  Holcomb,  one  of  the  colonial  patriots 
and  an  officer  in  the  army  of  the  confederated  provinces. 
Until  his  fourteenth  year  w.as  attained  his  days  were  passed 
alternately  in  attending  school  in  the  winter  months  and  in 
working  on  a farm  during  the  summer  seasons.  In  1829  he 
was  taken  by  his  father  to  learn  the  trade  of  millwright, 
while  continuing  to  labor  a part  of  the  time  as  farm-a.ssistant. 
In  this  manner  he  was  then  assiduously  employed  until  1852. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  had  conquered  so  thoroughly 
the  mysteries  and  difficulties  of  his  trade  that  he  took  the 
rank  of  master-wright,  and  his  initial  work  as  a master- 
wright  was  done  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio.  Previous  to  1845, 
the  date  of  his  settlement  in  I.awrence  county,  Ohio,  he 
worked  for  varying  periods  in  West  Virginia  and  in  Gallia 
and  Scioto  counties,  and  in  other  parts  of  Ohio ; subsequently 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


373 


he  settled  in  Elizabeth  township,  Lawrence  county,  and  was 
there  employed  principally  in  working  at  his  trade  for  about 
one  year.  Pie  then  moved  to  a place  near  Ironton,  in  Upper 
township,  where,  still  engaged  at  his  trade,  he  remained 
until  1855,  when  he  settled  in  Ironton,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  In  1852  he  was  elected  Magistrate  of  Upper  town- 
ship, and  on  his  settlement  in  Ironton  was  elected  to  the 
same  office,  which  through  successive  re-elections  was  re- 
tained by  him  until  1869.  In  that  year  he  was  elected  Pro- 
bate Judge  of  Lawrence  county;  was  re-elected  in  1872, 
and  has  down  to  the  present  time  held  this  office  for  about 
si.t  ye.irs.  In  1856  he  was  elected  Township  Clerk  of  Up- 
per township;  has  been  re-elected  several  times,  and  still 
fills  that  position.  Ilis  views  and  sentiments  concerning 
the  polity  of  his  country  incline  him  toward  the  Republican 
party,  and  his  first  vote  at  a Presidential  election  was  cast 
in  favor  of  General  Harrison.  Religiously,  he  holds  to  the 
form  and  spirit  of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  has  been 
a member  since  1852.  For  a number  of  years  he  has  been 
a member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  has  taken  a prom- 
inent p.irt  also  as  an  earnest  advocate  in  the  movements  of 
the  temperance  organizations.  He  was  married.  May  loth, 
1849,  to  Elizabeth  Mayhew,  of  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  who 
died  December  25th,  1851,  with  issue  of  two  children  ; and 
again,  February  28th,  1854,  to  Rebecca  Staley,  of  Wayne 
county.  West  Virginia. 


C^[IDGWAV,  HON.  JOSEPH,  Jr.,  was  born  on 
\)  Staten  Island,  New  York,  April  23d,  iSoo.  He 

I was  the  son  of  Matthew  Ridgway  and  Mary  (De- 

',^  0 pt'v)  Ridgway.  He  was  descended  from  a family 
(s  of  ancient  Quaker  people,  the  name  of  Ridgway 

being  one  of  the  most  prominent  among  the  sect 
in  the  two  States  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Losing 
his  father  at  an  early  age,  he  left  his  home  to  reside  with  his 
uncle,  Hon.  Joseph  Ridgway,  Jr.,  afterward  member  of  Con- 
gress from  Ohio,  but  who  was  then  residing  in  Cayuga 
county.  New  York.  Here  he  received  his  education  at  one 
of  the  excellent  academies^  for  which  that  State  was  then 
famous.  After  acquiring  a fair  knowledge  of  engineering,  he 
moved  to  Ohio  with  his  uncle  when  about  twenty  years  of 
age.  Settling  in  Columbus,  he  commenced  his  career  by 
engaging  in  his  chosen  field  of  labor  as  an  engineer  on  the 
canals  then  in  course  of  construction  under  State  supervision 
and  management.  Several  years  later  he  became  a partner 
in  a large  foundry  establishment,  which,  brought  into  ex- 
istence by  his  uncle,  was  at  this  time  doing  an  extensive 
business  in  the  manufacture  of  plows  and  other  agricultural 


implements  for  the  Ohio  and  Indiana  trade.  It  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  manufacturing  enteqtrises  of  Columbus,  and  still 
exists  under  the  name  of  the  Ridgway  Foundiy,  although  the 
business  has  passed  into  other  hands.  Upon  the  demon- 
strated success  in  Europe  and  the  Eastern  States  of  steam 
railways,  he  at  once  set  about  a course  of  investigation,  and 


I 


threw  the  whole  energy  of  his  nature  into  the  enterprise  of 
securing  the  benefits  of  the  system  to  the  State  of  Ohio, 
whose  surface  he  saw,  with  the  quick  discernment  of  the 
practical  engineer,  was  more  favorably  adapted  to  the  cheap 
construction  of  railways  than  any  place  where  they  had  up 
to  that  day  been  built.  He  became,  accordingly,  one  of  the 
principal  stockholders  and  Director  of  one  of  the  first  rail- 
roads laid  in  the  State,  the  Columbus  & Xenia,  connecting 
wdth  the  Little  Miami  Railroad.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  acted  in  the  capacity  of  Secretary  of  the  company.  When 
it  became  necessary  to  furnish  rolling  stock  for  the  road,  he 
established  a car-factory  at  Columbus,  which  became  even- 
tually one  of  the  most  important  and  successful  business  en- 
terprises of  the  State.  In  1844  he  was  a member  of  the  Ohio 
Senate  ; w'as  re-elected  in  1846  a Representative  of  his  county 
in  the  House.  He  was  one  of  the  Commis'sioners  to  decide 
upon  the  plan  and  to  superintend  the  construction  of  the 
new  State  House  at  Columbus,  and  it  is  in  no  small  degree 
to  his  cultivated  taste  and  liberal  ideas  that  the  people  of  the 
State  are  indebted  for  a building  that,  for  its  purpose,  ranks 
second  to  none  in  the  country.  After  having  established 
for  himself  one  of  the  finest  homes  in  Columbus,  and  iden- 
tifying himself  in  an  important  degree  with  every  iniblic 
movement  designed  to  further  the  improvement  of  the  city, 
he  died,  August  23d,  1850,  keenly  regretted  by  his  towns- 
men and  friends,  and  by  all  throughout  the  State  and  West- 
ern country  who  were  acquainted  with  his  career  of  honor- 
able usefulness.  He  was  married,  November  28th,  1828, 
to  Jeannette  S.  Tatem,  daughter  of  Charles  T.atem,  of  Cin- 
cinnati. The  fruits  of  that  union  were  ten  children,  five  of 
whom,  two  sons  and  three  djughters,  are  now  living. 
Joseph  Ridgway,  Jr.,  died  some  years  before  his  uncle, 
Joseph  Ridgway,  hence  he  w'as  always  known  as  Joseph 
Ridgway,  Jr. 


j LACKMAN,  GEORGE  CURTIS,  M.  D.,  was 


born  at  Newtowm,  Connecticut,  April  21st,  1819. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  Hon.  Thomas  Black- 
man, of  the  bench  and  bar  of  Connecticut.  He 
graduated  in  medicine  at  the  College  of  I’hysi- 
cians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  March  ist,  1840. 
During  the  early  years  of  his  professional  life  he  was  em- 
ployed as  Surgeon  of  an  Atlantic  packet  ship,  and  while 
thus  engaged  crossed  the  ocean  frequently.  He  spent  con- 
^ siderable  time  in  professional  study  in  Great  Britain  and 
P'rance — the  greater  part  in  London  hospitals.  While  in 
the  great  metropolis  he  had  to  contend  with  the  greatest 
poverty.  He  was,  however,  kindly  treated  by  Mr.  George 
Pollock,  of  St.  George’s  Hospital,  and  Sir  William  P'ergus- 
son.  At  a later  date,  he  was  one  of  the  very  few  foreign 
surgeons  elected  a member  of  the  Royal  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Society.  He  was  also  honored  by  the  same  society 
with  a letter  of  thanks  for  a paper  read  before  it.  At  an 
early  period  in  his  professional  life  he  became  quite  debili- 


374 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


tated  from  cough  and  hemorrhage,  and  he  was  pronounced 
a viclim  of  pulmonary  phthisis  beyond  all  hope.  This  pros- 
tration was  his  chief  motive  for  so  frequently  seeking  the 
sea  air,  which  always  improved  his  health.  He  crossed  the 
Atlantic  thirty-six  times,  besides  visiting  South  America. 
He  was  a frequent  and  valued  contributor  to  the  medical 
literature  of  the  day,  his  first  article  appearing  soon  after  his 
graduation.  In  this  country  there  was  not  a surgeon  of  any 
eminence  that  he  could  not  claim  as  his  personal  friend ; 
among  these  were  Mott,  Gross  and  Parker.  He  was  re- 
quested by  the  first  named  to  edit  his  translation  of  “ Vel- 
peau’s Surgery,”  and  to  this  work  he  added  an  appendix  of 
great  value,  as  well  as  many  notes  and  comments,  illus- 
trating his  remarkable  acquirements  in  surgical  literature. 
In  1854,  upon  the  recommendation  of  eminent  practitioners, 
he  came  to  Cincinnati.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  was  chosen 
by  the  trustees  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  to  fill  the 
chair  of  Principles  and  Practice  in  that  institution.  In  this 
position  he  continued  until  his  death.  In  the  lecture-room 
he  was  effective  and  instructive,  but  it  was  in  the  hospital  as 
an  operator  that  his  great  skill  and  power  were  displayed. 
He  would  not  only  describe  the  case  before  him  to  the  full 
satisfaction  of  all,  but  give  the  history  of  the  disease  and  all 
that  had  been  written  upon  it.  In  this  special  field  his  en- 
thusiasm was  sublime.  During  the  late  war  he  was  a 
Surgeon  of  Volunteers,  and  was  for  some  time  Medical 
Director  to  General  (3.  M.  Mitchel’s  department  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  was  also  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  collecting  mate- 
rial for  a work  on  surgery,  and  another  on  malpractice.  His 
extensive  travel  and  wide  knowledge  outside  his  profession, 
added  to  good  conversational  powers,  made  him  a welcome 
guest  in  society.  In  his  last  illness  he  was  confined  to  his 
room  about  six  weeks,  dying  July  19th,  1871,  his  death 
causing  sincere  regret  among  a large  circle  of  professional 
and  social  acquaintances.  His  remains  were  taken  from  his 
late  residence  in  Avondale,  a suburb  of  Cincinnati,  and  de- 
posited in  Spring  Grove  Cemetery. 


OX,  GENERAL  JACOB  DOLSON,  ex-Governor 
of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  October 
27th,  1828.  His  parents  were  natives  of  the 
United  States,  and  were  temporarily  residing  there 
at  the  time  of  his  birth,  his  father  being  engaged 
in  building.  His  mother  was  a lineal  descendant 
of  Elder  William  Brewster  of  the  “ Mayflower.”  His 
childhood  and  youth  were  spent  in  New  York  city,  and  he 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1846.  He  was  graduated  at  Oberlin 
College  in  1851,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Warren  in 
the  following  year.  In  1859  he  was  elected  by  the  Repub- 
licans to  the  State  Senate  from  the  Trumbull  and  Mahoning 
district,  and  held  this  position  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 
He  had  for  some  time  been  a general  officer  in  the  State 


militia,  and  was  active  in  putting  the  State  in  a position  of 
defence,  as  he  foresaw  the  coming  difficulties  to  a certain 
extent.  In  the  three  months’  service  he  was  a Brigadier- 
General  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  he  assisted  General  McClel- 
lan in  various  duties  connected  with  the  equipment  of  troops. 
P'or  a few  months  he  had  charge  of  Camp  Jackson  at  Co- 
lumbus, and  was  actively  at  work  fitting  volunteers  for  the 
field.  Soon  after  recruiting  for  three  years’  serv'ice  com- 
menced, he  was  made  a Brigadier-General  by  the  President, 
his  former  commission  being  held  under  Governor  Denni- 
son. Later  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  military  district 
of  Kanawha,  and  served  with  credit,  if  not  distinction,  in  the 
campaign  that  followed  and  lasted  until  the  winter  opened. 
In  the  spring  and  summer  of  1862  he  served  under  Fremont 
in  West  Virginia.  In  the  fall  he  did  gallant  service  at 
South  Mountain,  taking  command  of  General  Reno’s  corps 
after  the  death  cf  that  officer.  He  commanded  this  (the 
9th)  corps  at  the  battle  of  Antietam.  For  his  services  in 
this  campaign  he  was,  on  the  recommendation  of  Burnside 
and  McClellan,  made  a Major-General,  to  date  from  October 
7th,  1862.  Shortly  after  he  was  ordered  to  take  charge  of 
the  new  State  of  West  Virginia.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  District  of  Ohio,  with 
head-quarters  at  Cincinnati.  In  December,  at  his  own 
request,  he  was  relieved  and  ordered  to  East  Tennessee,  and 
commanded  the  23d  Corps  during  the  winter.  There  being 
an  excess  of  officers  of  that  grade,  his  Major-General’s  com- 
mission had  been  withdrawn  some  time  previous.  He  saw 
very  active  service  in  1864,  and  led  a division  in. many  hard- 
fought  battles.  After  the  fall  of  Atlanta  he  was  again 
created  a Major-General.  In  January,  1865,  his  corps  was 
ordered  to  the  East,  and  embarked  from  Alexandria  for 
Fort  Fisher  early  in  the  following  month.  In  the  advance 
upon  Wilmington  his  troops  fought  well,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  all  the  operations  which  ended  with  Sherman’s  junc- 
tion with  Schofield.  On  the  27th  of  March,  1865,  he  was 
placed  permanently  in  command  of  the  23d  Corps,  and  upon 
the  surrender  of  Johnston,  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
western  half  of  North  Carolina,  where  he  superintended  the 
parole  of  prisoners  at  Greensborough.  In  July  he  was  or- 
dered to  the  command  of  the  Di.strict  of  Ohio.  Here  he 
had  charge  of  the  mustering  out  of  troops.  Before  he  was 
mustered  out  of  the  service  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio, 
and  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  that  office.  He 
was  elected  by  the  Republicans,  but  his  course  as  Governor 
did  not  meet  the  approval  of  his  party.  He  drifted  into 
conservatism  with  Andrew  Johnson.  But  he  did  not  fully 
indorse  the  President’s  vie\y«  on  matters  of  state,  and  never 
left  the  Republican  party.  He  served  but  one  term  as 
Governor,  declining  a renomination  in  advance  of  its  being 
offered,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  From  March, 
1869,  to  November,  1870,  he  was  Secretary  of  tlie  Interior. 
He  was  then  engaged  for  some  time  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Cincinnati.  For  some  time  he  has  been  President  of  the 
Toledo,  Wabash  & Western  Railroad,  and  being  appointed 


J.C.BvLttre. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 


375 


Receiver  for  the  same,  removed  to  Toledo  in  the  spring  of 
1875,  where  he  now  resides.  General  Cox  is  an  accom- 
plished scholar  and  refined  gentleman.  As  a speaker  he 
always  acquits  himself  creditably.  In  the  law  he  is  well 
read,  though  not  a leader  at  the  bar.  He  was  one  of  the 
best  civilian  generals  the  war  produced,  and  stood  higher  in 
the  estimation  of  the  War  Department  at  the  close  of  his 
service  than  at  any  previous  time. 


CKLEV,  HORACE  A.,  Surgeon,  was  born  in 
Genesee  county.  New  York,  in  1815,  and  died, 
April  24th,  1859,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  finished  at  a private  academy.  He 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  on  leaving 
school,  and,  after  some  Instruction  at  Elba  and  Batavia,  at- 
tended a course  of  lectures  at  Fairfield,  Herkimer  county, 
where  he  graduated  in  1833.  In  the  following  year  he 
removed  to  Rochester,  New  York,  where  he  practised  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  Havill,  and  gave  a course  of  lectures  on  anatomy 
for  Dr.  Delm.ater,  at  Palmyra,  New  York.  In  1835  he  removed 
to  Ohio,  settling  at  first  in  Akron,  where  he  practised  medi- 
cine. In  1836  he  gave  a course  of  lectures  in  Willoughby, 
being  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  at  the  Willoughby 
Medical  College.  In  the  same  year  he  removed  to  Toledo, 
where  he  practised  his  profession  three  years,  and  tlien 
removed  to  Cleveland,  where,  with  other  prominent  physi- 
cians and  surgeons  of  that  city,  he  founded  the  Cleveland 
Medical  College,  or  the  Medical  Department  of  Western 
Reserve  College,  and  was  appointed  to  the  Chair  of  Surgery. 
This  position  he  retained  until  1858,  when  he  resigned  it. 
During  his  occupation  of  the  chair  he  acquired  a high  repu- 
tation in  the  practice  of  surgery,  and  his  large  acquaintance 
and  extended  reputation  served  to  attract  many  students 
from  all  parts  of  Ohio  and  the  neighboring  States.  He  was 
gifted  as  a surgeon  and  anatomist,  and  had  already  laid  the 
foundation  for  an  extensive  and  brilliant  reputation.  As  a 
lecturer  he  was  very  effective  and  practical.  His  style  was 
impressive,  and  he  had  the  magnetic  power  necessary  for 
attracting  and  securing  the  attention  of  his  hearers.  By 
nature  he  was  endowed  with  the  qualities  most  useful  to  the 
surgeon,  being  bold,  dashing  and  fearless  in  his  operations, 
and  having  a strong  will  that  enabled  him  to  master  his 
sympathetic  emotions  and  hold  his  feelings  in  check.  When 
he  came  to  northern  Ohio  the  art  of  surgery  was  but  little 
known  or  practised  in  the  West,  and  he  may  justly  be  desig- 
nated the  pioneer  of  his  section  of  his  adopted  State.  The 
reputation  of  his  operations  spread  far  and  wide,  whilst  the 
boldness  of  many  of  them  and  the  coolness  with  which  they 
were  carried  through,  made  him  famous  throughout  the 
whole  country.  In  the  treatment  of  inflammations  in  their 
various  stages  following  operations,  he  probably  had  no 
superior  in  the  United  .States.  He  w.as  a man  of  magnifi- 


cent physique,  extraordinary  powers  01  endurance,  and 
great  personal  courage,  which  were  severely  tested  in  the 
times  of  impassable  roads,  long  distances,  and  rude  accom- 
modations. In  social  life,  as  in  professional,  he  was  a man 
of  strong  convictions,  lasting  attachments,  and  deep-rooted 
prejudices.  In  every  way  he  was  a positive  man,  of  striking 
appearance  and  marked  character.  His  death  was  sudden. 
When  going  to  Cleveland  from  Detroit  by  steamer  on  the 
night  of  the  21st  of  April,  1859,  he  was  taken  very  sick,  and 
on  his  arrival  at  home  was  in  an  exhausted  condition.  He 
lingered  in  great  suffering  until  the  evening  of  April  24th, 
when  his  decision  of  character  again  asserted  itself,  and  he 
insisted  on  leaving  his  bed.  He  was  assisted  to  a chair, 
when  he  sank  rapidly.  A restorative  was  given  to  him,  but 
he  motioned  the  glass  from  his  lips,  and  expired  immedi- 
ately. 

% 

y>%ifcYERS,  JAMES,  ex-Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio, 

I was  born  in  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  in  the 

"I  il  riionth  of  June,  1795,  of  German  ancestry.  While 
he  was  still  very  young,  his  parents  removed  with 
him  to  Albany,  and  soon  afterwards  to  Schenec- 
tady. In  the  latter  city  it  was  that  he  received 
his  education.  When  the  Erie  Canal  was  completed  and 
opened  to  the  public,  he  became  Canal  Collector.  The 
canal  was  one  of  the  most  important  links  in  the  chain  of 
communication  between  distant  parts  of  the  country  at  that 
time,  and  the  position  in  which  he  served  was  an  important 
and  responsible  one.  He  held  it  until  1836,  and  by  the  man- 
ner in  which  he  performed  its  duties  gave  ample  evidence 
of  his  fitness  for  the  position,  and  in  fact  for  any  position 
requiring  ability,  integrity  and  executive  talent.  During  the 
interval  in  which  he  served  as  Collector,  he  became  promi- 
nent as  a successful  contractor,  and  assisted  in  the  construc- 
tion of  several  roads  in  the  State  of  New  York.  After 
breaking  his  connection  with  the  Erie  Canal,  he  removed  to 
Toledo,  Ohio,  and  there  became  a contractor  on  the  Miami 
& Erie  Canal,  including  the  weigh-lock  above  the  city.  It 
was  not  only  by  his  business  abilities,  great  as  these  were, 
that  he  won  regard  and  rose  into  prominence.  His  personal 
characteristics  soon  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  citizens 
of  the  State  and  of  the  town.  His  practical  talents,  his  integ- 
rity, and  his  interest  in  every  measure  of  public  importance, 
won  practical  recognition  from  his  fellow-citizens,  who 
availed  themselves  of  these  qualities,  first  by  electing  him  to 
the  Common  Council  and  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  city. 
Subsequently  he  was  elected  as  a member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Ohio.  His 
term  of  service  in  this  body  was  followed  by  an  election  to 
the  State  Senate.  As  a legislator  in  both  branches  of  the 
General  Assembly,  he  ranked  among  the  foremost,  laboring 
and  with  high  and  effective  ability,  not  only  for  the  interests 
of  his  special  constituency,  but  for  the  interests  of  the  State 
at  large;  and  his  insight  as  to  what  those  interests  really 


376 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


comprised,  and  his  practical  knowledge  of  what  measures 
would  best  promote  them,  gave  a special  value  to  his  ser- 
vices, which  made  them  highly  appreciated.  In  the  year 
1851  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio,  and 
served  so  acceptably  during  the  term  that,  on  its  expiration, 
he  was  triumphantly  elected  for  another  term  in  the  same 
position.  When  this  second  term  expired  he  retired  finally 
from  active  public  life,  and  devoted  his  time  and  attention 
w holly  to  the  management  of  the  large  estate  which  his 
ability,  perseverance,  industry  and  judicious  man.agement 
had  enabled  him  to  accumulate.  The  la.st  years  of  his  life 
were  marked  by  great  and  almost  constant  suffering,  from 
which  death  released  him  on  the  19th  of  June,  1S64,  when 
he  had  reached  the  ripe  age  of  sixty-nine  years.  He  died 
sincerely  mourned  by  a large  circle  beyond  those  bound  to 
him  by  the  ties  of  kindred  and  personal  intimacy,  and  left 
behind  him  a record  which  those  w'ho  succeed  him  may  well 
point  to  with  pride.  He  married  in  1821  Mary  Sanford, 
who  died,  leaving  him  two  sons,  neither  of  whom  now  sur- 
vives. He  married,  for  his  second  wife,  L.  Eliza  Walker, 
of  Schenectady,  New  York.  This  union  resulted  in  two 
children,  a son  and  a daughter,  both  of  whom  are  now- 
living. 


ICHOLS,  PERRY  J.,  Lawyer,  was  born  about 
three  miles  from  New-  Richmond,  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  March  30th,  1839.  He  was  the  second 
child  in  a family  consisting  of  six  children,  whose 
parents  were  Thomas  L.  Nichols  and  Evaline 
(Donham)  Nichols.  His  father,  a native  of  Cler- 
mont county,  Ohio,  followed  through  life  the  vocation  of 
engineer,  and  is  still  living  at  New  Richmond.  His  grand- 
father, Philip  Nichols,  was  an  early  pioneer  of  Clermont 
county,  Ohio.  His  mother,  also  a native  of  the  county  last 
mentioned,  was  a daughter  of  Colonel  J.  S.  Donham,  an 
early  settler  of  the  southern  portion  of  the  State.  His  boy- 
hood days,  until  he  had  counted  his  thirteenth  year,  w-ere 
employed  alternately  in  working  on  a farm  and  in  attending 
school  during  the  winter  months.  In  1852  he  engaged  in 
the  carrying  of  the  mail  between  New  Richmond,  Rlanches- 
ter,  ami  Deerfield — this  service  consuming  four  days  per 
week — for  about  four  years.  During  the  remaining  days  of 
the  week  he  was  employed  in  laboring  on  the  farm. 
Through  those  years  of  incessant  toil,  his  leisure  hours  w-ere 
assiduously  devoted  to  the  improvement  of  his  mind,  and 
the  works  then  read  by  him  added  not  a little  to  his  store  of 
knowledge.  In  1856  his  attention  was  directed  to  engineer- 
ing as  a means  to  acquire  the  desired  end  in  life,  and  during 
the  following  tw-o  years  he  was  engaged  at  this  employment. 
He  then  attended  various  select  schools  for  about  three 
years,  and  also  pursued  a select  course  of  higher  studies  in 
the  Farmer’s  College,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1859  he 
assumed  the  role  of  educator,  and  for  two  years  was  engaged 
in  teaching  school,  in  the  meantime  occupying  his  leisure 


moments  by  reading  law,  under  the  supervision  of  Perry 
J.  Donham,  a prominent  attorney  of  the  Cincinnati  bar.  In 
August,  1861,  he  passed  the  requisite  examination,  and  was 
admitted  to  practise  law.  He  then  selected  New  Rich- 
mond as  his  field  of  professional  labors,  and  has  since  resided 
there  almost  uninterruptedly,  engaged  in  the  control  of  an  ex- 
tensive legal  practice.  He  has  never  sought  or  accepted  office 
of  a partisan  or  political  nature,  and  is  inclined  to  favor  the 
views  and  measures  of  the  Democratic  party.  Religiously, 
his  sympathies  are  with  the  Methodist  Church.  He  was 
married  in  August,  1862,  to  Jeannette  Gilmore,  a native  of 
Clermont  county,  Ohio. 


V^ITCII,  JUDGE  JOHN,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Schodac,  Rensselaer  county.  New  York,  Februaiy 
l6th,  1806.  He  is  the  second  son  of  William 
P'itch  and  Sarah  (Hanford)  P'itch,  who  emigrated 
from  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  in  the  opening  of  the 
present  century,  and  settled  in  New  York  State. 
He  is  a lineal  descendant  in  the  third  generation  from  Hon. 
Thomas  P'itch,  Chief-Justice  and  Colonial  Governor  of  the 
Colony  of  Connecticut,  in  the  reign  of  George  III.  His 
grandfather,  Thomas  Fitch,  was  a colonel  in  the  revolu- 
tionary army,  and  rendered  distinguished  services  to  the 
American  cause  in  the  war  with  Great  Britain.  He  was 
educated  primarily  at  the  local  institutions  existing  at  that 
period  within  the  county  of  his  birth.  ' After  relinquishing 
his  school  books  he  entered  as  a law  student  the  office  of 
Samuel  B.  Ludlow,  at  Nassau,  Rensselaer  county.  New 
York,  where  he  remained  about  two  years.  He  then  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  the  late  James  Lynch,  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  and  upon  the  completion  of  his  studies  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  the  city  of  Albany,  New  York,  in  1830. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Hoosick, 
Rensselaer  county.  New  Yoi'k,  and  was  occupied  in  its  prose- 
cution there  until  the  fall  of  1836,  when  he  removed  to 
Toledo,  Ohio,  his  present  place  of  residence.  Toledo  was 
then  in  its  infancy,  and  although  from  its  location  possessing 
many  commercial  advantages,  was  in  fact  a frontier  town, 
rude,  unimproved  and  uninviting,  save  to  the  adventurous 
and  hardy  pioneer,  who  foresaw  in  it  at  that  early  day  the 
elements  of  future  growth  and  prosperity.  In  this  western 
spot  he  engaged  hopefully  in  professional  labors,  and  in  due 
course  of  time  became  a leading  member  of  a bar  whose 
reputation  was  sustained  eventually  by  no  mean  array  of 
legal  learning  and  ability.  For  a number  of  years  he  served 
efficiently  as  St.ate  Prosecutor,  and  while  acting  in  that  ca- 
pacity elicited  merited  encomiums  from  bench  and  bar,  and 
also  the  general  community,  by  the  fidelity  and  energy 
which  he  uniformlv  displayed  in  the  discharge  of  his  respon- 
sible duties.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Judge 
for  the  First  Subdivision  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District  of 
Ohio,  and  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties  Febru- 
ary I2th,  1855.  He  was  subsequently  twice  re-elected  to 


lUOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


377 


this  honorable  position,  his  full  term  of  service  embracing  in 
all  fifteen  yeai's.  Upon  his  retirement  from  office,  a series 
of  resolutions  were  adopted  by  the  members  of  the  bar  ex- 
pressing in  w'arm  terms  their  high  appreciation  of  his  judi- 
cial services,  and  of  his  character  as  a jurist,  and  disclosing 
also  the  remarkable  fact  that  out  of  seven  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirty-three  civil  cases  decided  by  him  during 
his  term  of  office,  only  forty-three  had  been  disturbed  by  the 
superior  courts.  That  fact,  presenting  in  itself  the  most 
welcome  and  desirable  encomium  applicable  to  a judge,  tes- 
tifies abundantly  to  his  learning,  integrity  and  judicial  capa- 
city: praise  would  be  suirerfluous.  He  united  with  the 
Free-Soil  party  in  1S4S,  and  during  the  exciting  and  troub- 
lous days  of. dispute  and  contention  over  territorial  rights 
and  privileges,  was  ever  outspoken  and  fearless  in  language 
and  in  action.  At  the  present  time  the  general  policy  and 
measures  of  the  Republican  party  run  parallel  with  his 
views  and  sentiments,  and  to  it  accordingly  he  gives  his 
influence  and  support.  He  was  married,  January  4th,  1838, 
to  Jane  Maria  Jenks,  of  Albion,  New  York. 


'.\MPI5ELL,  JOHN,  is  one  of  the  few' remaining 
Pioneers  of  the  Hanging  Rock  iron  region.  He 
has  done  more  towards  developing  its  resources, 
and  at  present  controls  more  real  estate  and  iron 
interests,  than  any  other  one  man  of  the  region. 
The  following  is  a synopsis  of  the  many  branches 
of  iron  industry  in  w'hich  he  has  engaged.  In  1833  he  was 
employed  in  building  the  old  Hanging  Rock  Iron  P'orge, 
long  since  demolished.  The  same  year  he,  together  with 
Andrew’  Ellison,  built  Lawrence  Furnace  for  J.  Riggs  & Co. 
These  were  the  first  iron  w'orks  in  which  he  engaged  ; but 
it  w'as  a beginning  that  gave  to  him  the  experience  so  need- 
ful in  the  many  enterprises  he  afterward  originated  and 
controlled.  In  connection  with  Mr.  Robert  Hamilton  he 
built  Mount  Vernon  Furnace  in  1834.  The  follow'ing  year 
he  left  Hanging  Rock  to  manage  the  furnace.  It  w'as  from 
Mount  Vernon  that  grew  up  the  large  iron  interests  which 
were  for  a period  of  over  thirty  years  known  as  Campbell, 
Flllison  & Co.,  of  Cincinnati.  In  1837,  through  the  guar- 
antee against  any  loss  by  Mr.  Campbell  and  others,  Vesuvius 
Furnace  was  induced  to  erect  the  first  hot  blast  in  America. 
In  1841  he  made  the  change  of  placing  the  boilers  and  hot 
blast  at  the  top  of  furnace  stack.  The  iron  region  w'as  des- 
tined to  become  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  country, 
and  none  appreciated  this  fact  more  than  Mr.  Campbell. 
Mr.  Hamilton  and  he  were  the  heaviest  capitalists  of  the 
region.  While  the  former  built  a railroad  from  Hanging 
Rock  to  his  coal  mines  at  Newcastle,  Mr.  Campbell  was  in- 
vesting in  other  furnaces.  In  1844,  with  Mr.  John  Peters, 
he  built  Greenup  Furnace,  Kentucky,  and  in  1846  Olive 
Furnace,  Ohio.  In  1847  he  built  the  Callio  Furnace.  He  , 
then  proceeded  to  organize  the  Ohio  Iron  & Coal  Company, 
48 


of  W'hich  he  became  President,  and  ow'ned  one-third  of  the 
stock.  This  association,  composed  of  twenty-four  members, 
twenty  of  w’hom  were  ironmasters,  bought  up  lands  aliove 
Hanging  Rock,  aild  founded  the  city  of  Ironton.  He  gave 
the  new  town  its  name,  the  first  of  some  five  towns  after- 
wards so  called  in  the  United  States.  The  propriety  of  the 
name  becomes  more  and  more  apparent  as  time  passes. 
While  the  tow'ii  was  thought  to  be  of  much  importance,  yet 
it  W’as  looked  upon  as  but  an  auxiliary  to  the  Iron  Railroad. 
This  latter  enterprise,  in  which  Mr.  Campbell  owned  over 
one-third  of  the  stock,  was  carried  on  by  nearly  the  same 
individuals  who  founded  the  tow'n.  In  1849,  with  others, 
he  built  Keystone  P'urnace,  but  gave  his  attention  principally 
to  the  new'  tow'ii  and  railroad.  In  1850  he  moved  from 
Hanging  Rock  to  Ironton,  and  with  the  Ohio  Iron  & Coal 
Company  purchased  Lagrange  P'urnace.  The  same  year  he 
built  the  stove  foundry  of  Campbell,  Ellison  & Co.,  and  in 
1851  W'as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Iron  Rank  of  Ironton, 
now  know’ll  as  the  P'irst  National  Bank.  In  1852,  besides 
taking  large  stock  in  the  Ironton  Rolling  Mill,  now  known 
as  the  Iron  & Steel  Company,  he  subscribed  to  one-half  the 
stock  for  building  the  Olive  P'oundi-y  and  Machine  .Shop. 
He  also  purchased  the  Ilecla  Cold  Blast  P'urnace.  In  1853 
he  became  one  of  the  largest  stockholders  in  the  Kentucky 
Iron  Coal  Manufacturing  Company,  which  founded  the  town 
of  Ashland,  Kentucky.  With  Mr.  D.  T.  Woodrow  he 
built  Howard  Furnace,  to  which  has  since  been  added  the 
Buckhorn  P'urnace,  under  the  fiim-name  of  Charcoal  Iron 
Company;  and  with  Mr.  John  Peters  he  built  the  Washing- 
ton P’urnace,  upon  the  Portsmouth  Railroad.  In  1854,  with 
S.  .S.  Stone,  of  Troy,  New  York,  and  others  of  Ironton,  he 
built  a large  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  the  iron 
beam  plow'.  The  same  year,  with  others,  he  built  the  Mad- 
ison P'urnace,  and  also  became  one  of  the  heaviest  stock- 
holders in  the  erection  of  the  Star  Nail  Mill,  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  region,  and  now  known  as  the  Bellfont  Iron 
Works.  In  1855,  through  the  influence  of  himself  at 
Ironton,  and  Hon.  V.  B.  Horton,  of  Pt.meroy,  first  tele- 
graphic communication  was  established  between  these  towns 
and  Cincinnati.  In  1856,  with  Colonel  William  M.  Bolles 
and  others,  he  built  Monroe  Furnace,  the  largest  charcoal 
furnace  in  the  region.  This  and  the  Washington  P'urnace 
are  now  under  the  firm-name  of  Union  Iron  Company,  ( f 
which  Mr.  Campbell  is  President.  In  1857  his  rolling  mill 
interests  extended  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  w’as  one 
of  the  incorporators  of  the  Ohio  Iron  Company.  The  Oak 
Ridge  Furnace  was  operated  by  him  at  this  date,  but  for  a 
short  time  only.  The  stress  upon  the  iron  market  which 
followed  was  relieved  by  the  high  prices  obtained  during 
the  war.  During  the  war  his  course  w'as  marked  by  intense 
loyalty  to  the  government.  Although  constantly  devoted  to 
business,  he  is  known  as  a very  public-spirited  citizen.  Of 
the  fourteen  furnaces  in  which  he  has  been  engaged,  he 
retains  controlling  interests  in  eight,  and  has  lately  been  in- 
terested in  the  erection  of  the  Ironton  P'urnace.  This  is 


37S 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAL  DI  A. 


the  eleventh  furnace  he  has  assisted  to  build.  He  is  of  large, 
massive  frame,  and  has  inherited  a strong  constitution  which 
gives  to  him  an  energetic,  active  old  age.  Although  his 
parents  were  wealthy  at  their  decease,  yet  they  were  of  but 
little  assistance,  and  his  life  exhibits  what  can  be  accom- 
plished by  industry  and  integrity  combined  with  good  judg- 
ment. His  parentage  is  Scotch-Irish,  his  ancestors  having 
removed  in  1612  from  Inverary,  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  into 
Ulster,  near  Londonderry,  Ireland.  "Iheir  descendants  in 
1740  moved  to  Augusta  county,  Virginia.  From  these  were 
descended  many  who  attained  to  civil  and  military  distinc- 
tion in  the  States  of  Virginia,  Tennessee,  and  Ohio.  Mr. 
Campbell’s  grandparents  came  from  Virginia  to  Bourbon 
county,  Kentucky,  in  1790,  and  from  thence  in  1798  to  the 
part  of  Adams  now  called  Brown  county,  Ohio.  At  the 
date  of  his  birth,  January  14th,  tSoS,  .Staunton,  now  known 
as  Rijdey,  was  not  laid  out,  but  in  early  life  he  engaged  in 
busine.ss  with  an  uncle  at  that  place  ; from  thence  he  came 
to  Hanging  Rock. 


';.OODALE,  LINCOLN,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Mer- 
chant, was  born'  in  Worcester  county,  Massachu- 
setts, on  P'ebruary  25th,  1782.  In  his  seventh 
year,  his  father.  Major  Nathan  Goodale,  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  removed  to  Mari- 
etta, in  the  State  of  Ohio,  reaching  that  place  with 
his  family  about  August  of  the  year  1788.  The  party  which 
then  settled  in  Marietta  was  made  up  almost  exclusively  of 
revolutionary  officers  and  their  families,  and  this  was  the 
first  regular  settlement  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  the 
State  of  Ohio.  M.ajor  Goodale  settled  soon  after  at  Belpre, 
on  the  Ohio  river,  sixteen  miles  below  Marietta ; w.as  there 
captured  by  the  Indians  in  1794,  and  died  a few  months 
after  near  Sandusky,  on  his  way  to  Detroit,  to  which  place 
the  Indians  were  taking  him  in  the  hope  of  getting  a ransom 
for  him.  He  was  a brave  man  of  high  character  and  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  in  which  Dr. 
Goodale  by  inheritance  succeeded  him  and  took  a deep  in- 
terest in  its  proceedings  and  history.  r>r.  Goodale  studied 
medicine  at  Belpre;  came  to  Fiaanklinton,  Ohio,  in  1805, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1812  he 
volunteered  and  joined  the  army  before  war  was  declared, 
and  was  appointed  by  Governor  Meigs,  Surgeon’s  Mate  in 
Colonel  McArthur’s  regiment.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Hull’s  surrender  and  was  sent  to  Malden,  where  he  re- 
mained for  some  time  with  our  wounded  men,  and  brought 
them,  as  soon  as  they  were  released,  to  Cleveland,  arriving 
himself  at  Franklinton,  in  October,  1812.  He  soon  after 
engaged  in  mercantile  business,  and  pursued  it  successfully 
for  the  next  twenty-five  or  thirty  years,  removing  to  Colum- 
bus about  the  year  1814,  where  he  died  April  30th,  1868. 
He  was  a resident  of  Ohio  for  about  eighty  years,  and  prob- 
ably the  oldest  citizen  of  the  State  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Integrity,  energy,  industry,  and  economy  gave  him  large 


wealth ; kindness  and  charity  taught  him  how  to  use  it. 
His  acts  of  public  and  private  beneficence  are  his  best  and 
most  enduring  monument. 


ILLEY,  GEORGE,  Lawyer,  born  in  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, January  2d,  1821,  was  a son  of  Newton 
Willey,  a merchant  largely  connected  with  iron 
and  ship  interests  in  that  city.  Until  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  received  instruction  in  the  Boston 
schools.  His  father  died  when  he  was  quite 
young,  and  after  that  time  his  uncle.  Judge  John  W.  W’illey, 
superintended  his  education.  He  spent  four  years  in  Jeffer- 
son College,  W’ashington,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated. 
After  leaving  college  he  went  to  Cleveland  and  read  law, 
the  first  year  in  the  office  of  Judge  Willey,  and  the  second 
with  Bolton  & Kelly,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1842.  In  1843  he  formed  a copartnership  with  John  E. 
Caiy  for  the  practice  of  law,  which  continued  many  years. 
During  the  time  it  required  for  his  practice  to  grow,  he  de- 
voted a portion  of  his  time  to  the  cultivation  of  literary 
tastes,  and  also  to  the  subjects  connected  with  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  city.  His  abilities  as  a public 
speaker  and  writer  upon  the  fine  arts  and  subjects  of  popular 
science  made  him  a favorite  lecturer  upon  these  and  kindred 
topics.  His  addresses  before  popular  assemblies  were  models 
of  elegant  diction,  and  full  of  useful  and  interesting  points. 
His  strong  interest  in  tbe  cause  of  education  soon  brought 
him  into  sympathy  and  co-operation  with  a large  number  of 
energetic  and  public-spirited  men.  In  Cleveland  the  public 
schools  were  in  their  infancy.  He  was  anxious  to  have 
them  organized  so  that  children  could  be  educated  as  thor- 
oughly in  the  high  schools  as  in  the  primary.  He  had 
much  prejudice  with  which  to  contend  in  demanding  thor- 
oughly graded  schools,  which  are  now  the  pride  of  that 
city.  Several  years  after  1845  he  filled  the  office  of  Man- 
ager and  Superintendent  of  the  public  schools.  His  efforts 
towards  perfection  of  organization  were  very  effective  and 
important.  His  printed  reports  are  full  and  exhaustive  on 
all  the  topics  connected  with  .systems  of  teaching  and  the 
policy  to  be  pursued  by  the  authorities  in  fostering  the  edu- 
cation of  the  city’s  youth.  Such  reports  had  a wide  influ- 
ence anti  circulation.  The  perfection  of  the  school  system 
which  he  established  was  so  great  that  no  private  schools 
could  be  maintained  in  Cleveland.  One  of  the  most  effi- 
cient teachers  of  the  high  schools,  since  an  author  of  valu- 
able text  books,  writes  of  Mr.  Willey  as  follows:  “His 
mind  is  remarkably  well  balanced,  and  he  sees  the  relative 
values  of  knowledge  better  than  any  man  I ever  knew.  It 
was  just  here  that  he  made  himself  so  valuable  in  the  early 
organization  of  our  schools  and  in  forming  plans  of  instruc- 
tion. Enthusiastic  teachers  are  exceedingly  apt  to  get  into 
narrow  channels  and  see  but  a few  things  at  a time.  Willey, 
with  his  broad  and  splendid  views,  in  half  an  hour’s  talk 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


379 


would  fetch  them  into  clearer  seas  and  show  them  the  big 
earth.”  These  broader  and  more  philosophical  notion,s  of 
education  for  the  millions  especially  characterized  the 
schools  during  the  eight  or  ten  years  that  Mr.  Willey  was 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education.  His  gifts,  natural, 
physical  and  mental,  were  thoroughly  disciplined  and  cul- 
tivated. His  practice  has  been  largely  devoted  to  those 
special  departments  of  the  law  which  embrace  the  trans- 
actions of  a large  commercial  and  manufacturing  seaport. 
He  has  been  largely  engaged  in  cases  in  the  admiralty 
courts  and  in  those  arising  under  the  patent  laws.  By  his 
thorough  research  and  originality  of  views  he  has  made 
valuable  contributions  to  the  science  of  maritime  law,  and 
is  conceded  to  have  no  superior  in  the  qualities  necessary 
to  a mastery  of  the  scientific  principles  and  technical  diffi- 
culties of  the  patent  law.  When  General  Grant  was  elected 
to  the  Presidency  he  appointed  Mr.  Willey  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio ; and  when  he 
was  elected  the  second  time  he  renewed  his  commission. 
He  has  at  times  filled  the  chair  of  President  of  the  Library 
Association,  and  also  of  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  Col- 
lege, and  has  been  often  connected  officially  with  other 
public  institutions.  His  official  duties  as  United  States  At- 
torney, in  connection  with  his  varied  and  general  legal 
practice,  have  been  discharged  with  fidelity  and  ability. 


jRIFFIN,  GENERAL  CHARLES,  was  born  in 
Licking  county,  Ohio,  in  1827.  A part  of  his 
education  was  received  at  Bardstown,  Kentucky. 
He  was  sent  to  West  Point,  July  1st,  1843,  and 
after  his  graduation  was  assigned  to  the  artillery 
as  a Brevet  Second  Lieutenant.  The  war  with 
Mexico  being  then  in  progress,  he  was  at  once  ordered  to 
active  duty.  He  had  command  of  a company  in  the  army 
commanded  by  General  Patterson.  From  Mexico  he  was 
ordered  to  Florida,  in  January,  1848,  and  to  Old  Point 
Comfort  in  December.  In  the  summer  of  1849 
made  a First  Lieutenant  in  the  2d  Artillery,  and  sent  to 
New  Mexico  in  command  of  a cavalry  company.  For  the 
next  five  years  he  was  on  the  frontier;  the  next  three  on 
garrison  duty  at  Fort  McHenry,  near  Baltimore,  and  from 
1857  to  i860  engaged  in  various  military  duties.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  he  had  been  for  a few  months  As- 
sistant Instructor  of  Artillery  at  West  Point,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  Washington  with  the  West  Point  Battery,  after- 
wards known  as  Griffin’s  Battery.  He  commanded  thi 
battery  until  June,  1862,  when  he  was  made  a Brigadier- 
General  of  volunteers.  With  his  brigade  he  took  part  it 
the  battle  of  Mechanicsville,  and  was  conspicuous  for  his 
gallantry.  At  Malvern  Hill  he  had  command  of  the 
artillery,  supported  by  his  own  brigade,  and  was  opposed 
by  the  rebel  Magruder.  The  command  of  the  latter  was 
badly  cut  up  in  the  engagement  and  thrown  into  confusion. 


He  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, beginning  with  the  first  Bull  Run  and  ending  with 
Five  Forks.  When  the  surrender  of  Lee  was  agreed  upon, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  to  arrange  the 
details.  His  command  in  the  war  was  at  first  a battery, 
then  a brigade,  afterward  a division;  and  on  the  battle-field 
of  the  P'ive  Forks,  when  Sheridan  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  entire  force,  he  was  assigned  to  tho  command  of  the 
5th  Corps,  which  he  retained  until  the  disbandment  of  the 
army.  After  this  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
Military  Division  of  the  State  of  Maine.  When  mustered 
out  of  the  volunteer  service  he  was  made  Colonel  of  the 
35th  Infantry  and  Brevet  Major-General.  He  was  after- 
ward ordered  to  Texas,  and  some  time  after  succeeded 
Sheridan  in  the  command  of  the  Fifth  Military  District. 
\Vhile  holding  this  important  military  command  he  was  at- 
tacked by  yellow  fever,  which  terminated  fatally,  September 
15th,  1867.  The  record  of  this  lamented  officer  is  without 
blemish.  From  the  time  he  entered  the  service  in  Mexico 
until  death  claimed  him  he  was  absent  on  leave  but  once — 
in  1859.  He  escaped  unhurt  in  every  engagement,  al- 
though he  had  several  horses  shot  under  him  at  different 
times,  and  once  had  the  visor  of  his  cap  torn  away  liy  a 
bullet.  He  also  had  two  other  narrow  escapes,  in  one  of 
which  his  sword  was  broken  by  a musket-ball.  He  was 
married,  December  loth,  1861,  to  Sallie  Carroll,  daughter 
of  Hon.  William  T.  Carroll,  of  the  honored  Maryland 
family  of  that  name. 


ATES,  NAHUM  BALL,  ex-Mayor  of  Elyria, 
Lorain  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  St.  Albans, 
Franklin  county,  Vermont,  September  28th,  1812. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  Gates  and  Abigail  Gates, 
who  were  descendants  of  an  English  family,  of 
Marlborough,  Massachusetts.  He  was  educated 
at  the  St.  Albans  Academy,  in  his  native  place,  and  also  in 
the  common  schools  of  Vermont.  While  in  his  eighteenth 
year  he  assumed  the  role  of  educator,  and  was  engaged  in 
teaching  a district  school,  during  the  winter  months,  until 
his  removal  to  Ohio.  April  the  29th,  1834,  he  emigrated 
to  Elyria,  I.orain  county,  Ohio,  settling  there  finally  on 
the  following  May  nth.  He  then  engaged  in  mercantile 
business,  ]>rimarily  as  clerk,  eventually  as  proprietor,  meet- 
ing with  varied  successes  in  his  several  ventures.  For  a 


period  of  six  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  forwarding  and 
commission  business,  at  Black  River,  Lorain  county,  Ohio, 
and  while  thus  occupied  secured  a foremost  position  among 
his  local  co-workers  in  the  commercial  circle.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  first  Directors  in  the  Cleveland  & Toledo 


Railroad.  Until  the  dissolution  of  the  Whig  party  he  was 
one  of  its  warmest  supporters,  and  subsequently  became  a 
“ Free-Soiler,”  or  Republican.  From  1838  to  1842  he 
served  as  Sheriff  of  Lorain  County  ; and  by  a]ipointmcnt,  in 
1857,  became  Treasurer  of  the  same  county.  He  was  also 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


3S0 

for  four  years,  from  1862  to  1866,  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue,  and  ultimately  was  deprived  of  that  office  by 
Andrew  Johnson  for  alleged  political  opposition.  P'or 
eight  years  he  has  officiated  as  Mayor  of  Elyria,  and  during 
this  time  performed  the  duties  of  his  office  with  credit  to 
himself  and  entire  satisfaction  to  his  constituents.  He  was 
married.  May  12th,  1841,  to  Sarah  S.  Monteith,  eldest 
daughter  of  Rev.  John  Monteith.  He  was  President  of  the 
Lorain  County  Agricultural  Society  for  ten  years. 


OVT,  JAMES  M.,  LL.  D.,  Lawyer  and  Capitalist, 
was  born  in  Utica,  New  York,  January  i6th,  1815. 
He  received  a good  education,  and  in  1834  gradu- 
ated at  Hamilton  College,  New  York.  On  leav- 
^ (j  college  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  Utica, 

but  soon  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  in 
1836  read  law  in  the  office  of  Andrews  & Foot.  In  the 
following  year  the  law  partnership  of  Andrews,  P’oot  & 
Hoyt  was  formed  and  continued  for  twelve  years,  when  the 
appointment  of  Andrews  to  the  bench  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  Cuyahoga  necessitated  his  withdrawal.  The  firm  of 
P’oot  & Hoyt  continued  until  1853,  when  Mr.  Hoyt  with- 
drew from  the  practice  of  law'  and  gave  his  whole  time  to 
the  purchase  and  sale  of  real  estate  in  Cleveland  and  vicin- 
ity. His  operations  were  heavy,  large  tracts  in  and  around 
the  city  were  purchased,  divided  into  lots  and  sold  for 
homesteads.  About  one  thousand  acres  of  city  and  sub- 
urban property  were  ow'iied  wholly,  or  jointly  with  others, 
and  by  him  subdivided  into  lots  and  sold  for  settlement, 
and  more  than  a hundred  streets  w’ere  opened  and  named 
by  him.  In  all  these  transactions  he  was  universally 
credited  with  the  extreme  of  liberality  and  generosity  to- 
wards those  with  whom  he  had  transactions,  and  especially 
towards  the  poor  and  those  whom  misfortune  or  sickness 
had  unexpectedly  placed  in  straitened  circumstances.  His 
uniform  uprightness,  scrupulous  regard  for  truth  and  justice 
and  honorable  dealing  with  his  clients,  secured  for  him, 
when  practising  law,  the  title  of  “ the  honest  lawyer,”  and 
the  same  characteristics  in  his  real  estate  dealings  main- 
tained the  reputation  won  at  the  bar.  He  united  with  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Utica  in  1835,  and  has  since  been  a 
member  of  that  denomination,  and  active  in  religious  and 
moral  causes.  For  twenty-six  years  he  w'as  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Sablrath-school  of  the  First  Baptist  Church 
of  Cleveland,  of  w'hich  he  is  a member.  He  then  resigned 
the  superintendency  of  the  school  and  became  a teacher  of 
a congregational  Bible  class.  Although  never  ordained  a 
minister,  for  twenty  years  he  preached  at  intervals,  having 
been  licensed  for  ih.at  purpose  by  the  church  w'ith  which  he 
was  connected.  In  1854  he  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  w'as  annually  for  tw'enty 
years  elected  to  that  position,  presiding  over  anniversary 
meetings  in  nearly  every  city  in  the  Stale  of  Ohio.  He  w'.as 


chosen  President  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  the  national  organization  for  missions  in  North 
Anrerica,  and  was  re-elected  annually  until  1870,  when  he 
retired.  P'or  about  eight  years  he  was  President  of  the 
Cleveland  Bible  Society,  an  auxiliary  to  the  American  Bible 
Society.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Stale 
Board  of  Equalization,  a body  which,  for  high  character, 
talent  and  practical  business  sense,  has  never  been  sur- 
passed in  the  history  of  the  State.  As  the  appraisement  of 
all  the  property  of  the  State  went  through  the  hands  of  the 
Board,  the  responsibility  and  labor  were  very  great.  But 
the  Board  gave  general  satisfaction.  In  1873  “P" 

pointed  a member  of  the  Cleveland  Board  of  Public  Im- 
provements. In  1870  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred 
on  him  by  Dennison  University,  of  Granville,  Ohio.  In 
physical  science,  history  and  belles-lettres  he  w'as  well  read. 
His  contributions  to  periodical  literature  and  his  addresses 
attracted  marked  attention.  The  Christiati  Review  for 
October,  1863,  contained  a finished,  analytical  and  ex- 
haustive article  on  the  subject  of  “ Miracles”  from  his  pen. 
He  has  ever  been  noted  for  his  good  w'orks,  whether  re- 
ligious or  patriotic.  In  1836  he  w'as  married  in  New'  York 
to  Mary  Ella  Beebee.  Of  the  six  children  born  of  this 
union  five  are  now  living.  The  eldest.  Rev.  Waylan  Hoyt, 
is  pastor  of  Shawmut  Avenue  Baptist  Church,  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts;  the  second  son,  Colgate  Hoyt,  is  in  business 
with  his  father. 


ROSSE,  ASAIIAEL  ALLEN,  Physician  and  .Sur- 
geon, was  born  at  Cincinnalus,  Cortland  county, 
TVew  York,  on  the  22d  of  August,  1824.  His 
parents  were  in  moderate  circumstances,  and  he 
early  learned  the  lesson  of  self  dependence  and 
self-help.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  years  he  left 
home  to  make  his  own  W'ay  in  the  W'orld,  and  henceforth 
relied  entirely  upon  his  own  resources.  He  W'ent  to  w'ork 
on  a farm,  and  such  school  education  as  he  obtained  w'as 
by  going  to  a district  school  during  the  winter  months,  his 
summers  being  too  much  occupied  in  farm  labor  to  give 
him  any  opportunity  for  summer  study.  Not  long  after- 
leaving  home  he  went  to  Ashtabula,  Ohio,  and  there,  in 
addition  to  the  opportunities  afforded  by  the  district  schools, 
he  for  a time  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  attending  the  Ash- 
tabula Academy.  From  thence  he  removed  to  Mentor, 
Lake  county,  Ohio,  where,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine.  After  having  attended 
three  full  coui'ses  of  medical  lectures  he  graduated  at  the 
Willoughby  University,  in  Lake  county,  Ohio,  in  the  year 
1842,  and  went  at  once  to  Amherst,  Lorain  county.  Ohio. 
He  had,  when  he  arrived  in  Amherst,  fifty  dollars,  and  on 
the  day  after  his  arrival  he  made  the  uncomfortable  dis- 
covery that  forty-six  dollars  of  his  little  fortune  consisted 
of  bills  of  a bank  known  as  the  Ohio  Railroad  Bank,  lo- 
cated at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  which  had  failed  the  day  before. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


381 


and  were  perfectly  worthless,  so  that  his  available  assets 
amounted  to  just  four  dollars.  Fortune  was  not  stubborn 
against  him,  however,  for  almost  immediately  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Dr.  Luman  Tenny,  an  old  physician  of  the 
place,  and  so  was  introduced  to  a practice  that  speedily  be- 
came large  and  lucrative.  His  partner  died  at  the  end  of 
three  years,  and  then  he  took  the  entire  charge  of  the  prac- 
tice. His  diligence,  ability  and  skill,  added  to  the  high 
reputation  he  had  already  earned,  made  him  well  known  as 
one  of  the  most  successful  physicians  in  the  county.  As  a 
citizen,  no  less  than  as  a physician,  is  he  appreciated  in  the 
community,  and  from  time  to  time  that  appreciation  has 
been  shown  by  placing  him  in  several  of  the  elective  offices 
of  the  township  of  Amherst.  He  has  successively  held  the 
offices  of  Township  Assessor,  Township  Clerk,  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  and  was  the  first  Mayor  of  the  incorporated  vil- 
lage of  North  Amherst.  He  was  Postmaster  of  Amherst 
during  President  Johnson’s  administration.  Politically  he 
is  a Democrat,  and,  although  the  requirements  of  his  pro- 
fession do  not  leave  him  much  leisure  to  devote  to  politics, 
he  is  nevertheless  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  his  party  in 
the  community  where  he  lives.  Although  he  has  acquired 
a fair  competence,  his  experience  has  not  been  one  of  un- 
mingled prosperity.  On  the  ist  of  March,  1858,  he  was 
thrown  from  his  carriage,  and  his  right  leg  was  broken  at 
the  ankle.  Being  a heavy  man,  the  ends  of  the  broken 
bones  were  forced  through  the  skin  and  boot-leg,  and  were 
driven  three  or  four  inches  into  the  ground  by  the  violence 
of  his  fall.  It  was  found  impossible  to  save  the  limb,  and 
it  was  amputated  below  the  knee  by  Professor  Horace  A. 
Ackley,  his  former  preceptor.  He  has  been  three  times 
married.  His  first  wife,  Diantha  Walker,  he  married  in 
1844,  by  whom  he  had  four  children,  three  daughters  ana 
one  son,  one  of  whom,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Barnard,  is  now  living. 
His  wife,  Diantha,  died  in  1855.  On  the  i6th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1859,  he  married  Sarah  E.  Post,  by  whom  he  had  one 
sou,  now  living.  His  second  wife  died  in  1866,  and  on 
the  l8th  of  November,  1875,  married  Ella  G.  Pelton, 
of  V'ermillion,  Ohio.  The  doctor  has  a vigorous  constitu- 
tion, and  from  present  appearances  he  has  from  twenty  to 
twenty-five  years  of  good  practice  left  in  him  yet;  that  is, 
he  is  hale  and  hearty,  and  the  youngest  in  the  community 
always  find  him  a pleasant  social  companion. 


ELSH,  HON.  IS.\AC,  was  born  in  Belmont 
I 11  county,  Ohio,  July  20th,  1811.  His  parents 
J.  Ill  were  Pennsylvanians,  and  his  father,  Crawford 
t-  Welsh,  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the 

<.  ^ county.  His  father  being  a farmer,  he  pursued 
that  calling  until  shortly  after  he  became  of  age. 
He  then  married  Mary  A.  Armstrong,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Armstrong,  and  removed  to  Beallsville,  Monroe  county, 
Ohio.  Here  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and,  as  was 


the  custom  with  many  merchants  at  that  time,  in  the  pur- 
chase, preparation  and  shipping  of  tobacco.  In  this  business 
he  was  very  successful,  but  he  preferred  the  life  of  his 
earlier  years,  and  in  1854  he  retired  from  merchandising 
and  purchased  and  removed  to  a farm  on  Captina  creek, 
where  he  subsequently  resided  and  where  he  died.  In  early 
life  Mr.  Welsh  w'as  a Whig,  but  on  the  dissolution  of  that 
party,  in  1854,  he  united  with  the  Fillmore  party,  and  sup- 
ported that  gentleman  for  the  Presidency.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives  in  1857  by  the  united 
vote  of  Americans  and  Republicans,  and  re-elected  in  the 
same  manner  in  1859.  At  the  expiration  of  this  term  of 
office  he  was  chosen  State  Senator  from  the  Belmont  and 
Harrison  district,  and  served  in  that  body  tw'o  years.  In 
1868  he  was  Presidential  Elector  for  the  Sixteenth  District, 
and  W'as  chosen  to  carry  the  vote  of  Ohio  to  Washington. 
He  was  elected  Treasurer  of  State  in  1S71,  and  held  the 
office  for  tw'o  terms.  His  death  occurring  just  six  weeks 
before  the  expiration  of  his  second  term,  his  son,  Le  Roy 
Welsh,  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  until  the  incoming 
of  the  new  Treasurer.  Mr.  Welsh  was  strongly  opposed  to 
the  extension  of  slavery,  and  during- the  war  his  entire  sym- 
pathy and  support  were  given  to  the  Republican  party. 
While  residing  at  Beallsville  he  wrote  a series  of  articles  in 
defence  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  which  attracted  a great 
deal  of  attention  and  were  extensively  published  and  no- 
ticed. He  also  wrote  an  essay  on  the  “Agricultural  and 
Mineral  Resources  of  Belmont  County,”  for  which  a prize 
was  aw'arded  him  by  the  State  Agricultural  Society.  He 
kept  fully  up  with  the  times  in  which  he  lived;  was  a ready, 
careful  writer,  and  frequently  employed  his  pen  in  the  dis- 
cussion of  current  topics.  Although  never  in  any  sense  an 
office-seeker,  he  became  closely  identified  with  the  politics 
of  his  time,  at  the  bid  of  the  people  who  knew'  him  to  be  a 
man  of  strictest  integrity  and  unblemished  character.  In 
legislation  he  was  practical  and  common  sense  in  his  views 
on  all  subjects.  As  a speaker  he  made  no  pretensions  to 
oratory,  yet  his  presentation  of  a subject  under  discussion 
commanded  universal  attention  for  its  fairness  and  practi- 
cability. He  W'as  a Cumberland  Presbyterian,  and  by  his 
death  the  church  lost  one  of  its  strongest  supporters.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Belmont  county,  November  29th,  1875. 


^I^’OLLINS,  JAME.S  IL,  Lawyer,  was  born,  June 
iSth,  1836,  in  Allegheny  county,  Maryland,  and 
is  a son  of  Johnson  and  Esther  Collins.  His 
father’s  family  emigrated  from  England  to  Amer- 
ica in  the  seventeenth  century  and  settled  in  Dela- 
ware ; and  the  family  have  been  members  of  the 
Methodist  denomination  ever  since  its  organization  in 
America,  several  of  them  having  acquired  eminence  as 
ministers  of  that  church.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Belmont  county,  (Jhio,  in  1844,  and  he  was  occupied  with 


C'.g,’  ,'j 

& (3^ 


382 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


farm  duties  for  nine  years  thereafter,  attending  the  district ' 
school  in  winter.  In  1853  he  engaged  as  a teacher  in  the  ^ 
schools  of  the  neighborhood,  in  order  to  obtain  means  suffi- 
cient to  complete  his  education  at  the  Barnesville  Classical 
Institute,  then  under  the  control  of  John  J.  Thompson  and 
Samuel  Davenport.  Having  acquired  the  requisite  instruc- 
tion, he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  John  Daven- 
port in  1855,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme 
Court  in  1857.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Barnesville  in  1859,  in  which  he  has  continued  ever 
since,  and  controls  a large  and  lucrative  practice  in  the 
courts  of  the  State  and  United  States,  having  been  retained  j 
as  their  regular  counsel  by  several  corporations,  among  which 
are  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  Company  and  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Barnesville.  In  political  faith  he  is  a 
Democrat.  He  was  a member  of  the  National  Convention 
which  assembled  at  Chicago  in  1864  and  nominated  General 
McClellan  for  the  Presidency.  In  1873  he  was  the  candidate 
of  the  Democratic  party  in  Belmont  county  for  member  of 
the  Ohio  Constitutional  Convention,  but  was  defeated  by 
Judge  Cowen.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Rachel  Jud- 
kins, who  died  September  14th,  1S72.  He  was  married  a 
second  time,  October  2d,  1873,  Harriet  F.,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  and  Ann  M.  Davenport. 


-OWARD,  DRESDEN  WINFIELD  HOU.STON, 
ex-Senator,  Capitalist  and  Farmer,  was  born  in 
Dresden,  Yates  county.  New  York,  on  the  3d  of 
November,  1818,  of  American  parents  and  of 
English  ancestry.  In  1821  his  parents  removed 
with  him  to  Fort  Meigs,  Ohio,  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  Maumee  river,  where  they  landed  on  the  17th  of  June 
in  that  year.  In  1823  his  father,  Edward  H-oward,  removed 
to  Grand  Rapids,  eighteen  miles  above  Fort  Meigs,  where  | 
he  died  in  1841.  Such  education  as  he  received  was  ob- 
tained during  a rather  brief  attendance  at  the  school  of  the 
Indian  mission,  ten  miles  above  Fort  Meigs.  He  worked 
with  his  father  upon  the  farm  during  his  youth,  but  as  he 
grew  up  he  became  an  Indian  trader,  and  continued  in  that 
line  of  business  until  he  was  about  thirty  years  of  age.  He 
assisted  in  the  removal  of  the  Pottawatomie  and  Ottawa 
Indians  from  the  Maumee  to  the  west  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  continued  to  trade  there  until  1842,  when,  on  the 
death  of  his  father  and  brother,  he  returned  to  Ohio.  After 
a few  return-trips  up  the  Missouri  river,  he  settled  down  to 
farming,  stock-raising  and  wool -growing.  In  1852  he  re- 
moved to  Alamakee  county,  Iowa,  where  he  bought  of  the 
government  a tract  of  land,  upon  which  he  laid  out  the  town 
of  Winfield,  now  Harper’s  Ferry,  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Mississippi.  He  returned  to  Ohio  in  1853,  where  he  has 
been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  ever  since,  adding  to 
his  business  as  farmer  the  work  involved  in  various  official 
positions  and  numerous  enterprises  as  an  energetic  and  ju- 


dicious capitalist.  During  the  war  he  was  prominently  and 
effectively  active.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Dennison 
a member  of  the  State  Military  Committee,  in  which  posi- 
tion he  was  continued  by  Governors  Tod  and  Brough,  and 
throughout  the  struggle  he  was  busy  assisting  in  organizing 
regiments  and  forwarding  general  military  preparations. 
Politically,  he  has  been  a steadfast  and  consistent  Repub- 
lican. He  was  the  elector  from  the  Tenth  Congressional 
District  of  Ohio  at  President  Lincoln’s  first  election,  and 
was  a delegate  at  the  Baltimore  Convention,  which  nomi- 
nated Mr.  Lincoln  for  his  second  term  in  1864.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  a member  of  the  Stale  Board  of  Equalization. 
In  the  fall  of  1871  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Stale  Senate, 
where  he  served  with  honor  for  two  years.  He  is  President 
of  the  Toledo  & Grand  Rapids  Railroad  Company,  which 
road  is  to  be  built  from  Toledo  to  Council  Bluffs.  He  is 
also  Treasurer  of  the  Toledo  & Southwestern  Railroad 
Company.  He  is  Director  of  the  Commercial  National 
Bank  of  Toledo,  of  which  institution  he  is  a charter  mem- 
ber. He  was  married,  in  October,  1843,  to  Mary  Black- 
wood Copeland,  of  Delaware  county.  New  York.  He  has 
two  children,  a son  and  daughter;  the  son  he  named  after 
the  noted  chief  and  warrior,  Osceola,  of  the  Seminoles  of 
Florida,  for  whose  ability  he  had  great  respect.  He  has  al- 
ways been  the  true  friend  of  the  Indian,  at  whose  hands  he 
received  many  favors  and  kindnesses  during  his  early  life, 
and  in  later  years  had  much  influeHce  among  the  ab  iriginal 
tribes.  President  Lincoln,  being  informed  of  his  disposition 
and  influence  with  the  Indians,  and  recognizing  these  quali- 
fications, offered  him  the  Superintendency  of  the  tribes  on 
the  Upper  Missouri  river,  but  the  appointment  was  declined, 
as  he  had  never  sought  or  held  public  position  of  any  kind. 


TROUD,  CLARENCE  EUGENE,  M.  D.,  Physi- 
cian, Surgeon  and  Dentist,  was  born  at  Bloom- 
field, Ontario  county.  New  York,  Januaiy  14th,  , 
1847,  is  'ii®  SO”  C-  T.  Stroud,  a distin- 

guished dentist  of  Sandusky,  Ohio.  His  mother 
was  Lucy  F.  Allen,  of  Ontario  county.  New  York; 
her  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  western 
New  York  State,  and  related  to  Ethan  Allen.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  High  School  at  Palmyra,  New  York.  Leaving 
there  in  1865,  he  entered  his  father’s  dental  office  at  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  in  order  to  secure  a thorough  knowledge  of 
the  dental  profession.  Subsequently,  in  connection  with  his 
father,  he  practised  dentistry  in  Sandusky  for  five  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  was  preparing  himself  for  the  medical 
profession,  devoting  his  time  more  specially  to  anatomy, 
comparative  and  surgical.  He  matriculated  at  the  University 
of  Michigan,  medical  department,  Ann  Arbor,  in  the  autumn 
of  1871  ; attended  the  lectures  in  and  followed  the  course 
of  studies  prescribed  by  said  college.  In  the  spring  of  1872 
he  entered  the  Detroit  Homoeopathic  College,  from  which 


BIOGR  API  I ICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDI  A. 


3S3 


institution  he  graduated  in  the  summer  of  1872  ; during  this  | 
session  he  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  and 
was  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Hahnemann  Insti- 
tute, Detroit,  which  positions  he  filled  during  the  coming  i 
session.  Thereafter  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Wyandotte,  Michigan,  remaining  there  about  one 
year,  and  succeeded  in  securing  an  extensive  practice,  de- 
voting himself  chiefly  to  the  surgical  branch  of  the  science. 
While  there  he  wrote  a series  of  letters,  which  were  pub- 
lished in  the  Wyandotte  Enterprise,  entitled,  “ Guide  for 
Emergencies,  or  Surgeiy  for  the  People.”  In  the  spring  of 
1S73  he  returned  to  Sandusky,  Ohio,  where  he  is  at  present 
in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession.  lie  is  an  able  physi- 
cian and  useful  citizen.  He  was  married  in  1870  to  Belle 
I^eiter,  daughter  of  A.  Leiter,  of  Bellevue,  Ohio ; she  died 
September  17  th,  1871. 

.\NDV,  TRUM.\N  P.,  Financier  and  Banker,  was 
born  in  Paris,  Oneida  county.  New  York,  January 
17th,  1807.  He  received  a good  academical 
education,  and  made  preparations  for'  entering 
college,  but  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  after  having 
been  employed  in  stores  in  Utica  and  New  Hart- 
ford, he  accepted  the  clerkship  in  the  Bank  of  Geneva,  On-  j 
tario  county,  in  that  State.  Five  years  later  he  resigned  and 
removed  to  Buffalo,  to  assist  in  the  organization  of  the  Bank 
of  Buffalo,  in  which  he  held  the  position  of  teller  for  one 
year.  In  1832  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  having  been  in- 
vited there  for  the  purpose  of  resuscitating  the  Commercial 
Bank  of  Lake  Erie,  established  in  1816,  but  which  had 
failed  and  its  charter  been  purchased  by  Hon.  George  Ban- 
croft of  Massachusetts,  the  historian.  He  accepted  the  post 
of  cashier,  organized  the  hank,  and  it  prospered  until  1842, 
when  its  charter  expired  and  a renewal  was  refused  by  the 
Legislature.  In  the  financial  crisis  of  1837  it  had  been  com- 
pelled to  accept  real  estate  in  settlement  of  the  estate  of  its 
involved  customers,  and  thus  became  one  of  the  largest  land- 
owners  in  the  city.  At  the  close  of  the  bank  Mr.  Handy 
was  appointed  trustee  to  divide  this  properly  among  the 
stockholders,  which  he  accomplished  in  1845.  ^^43  he 

had  a well-established  private  banking  house  under  the  firm- 
name  of  T.  P.  Handy  & Co.  In  1845  organized  the 
Commercial  Branch  Bank,  under  the  act  of  Legislature  of 
that  year,  authorizing  the  establishment  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Ohio.  He  was  Ca.shier  and  acting  manager.  The  success 
was  so  great  that  the  stockholders  realized  an  average  of 
twenty  per  cent,  on  their  investments  for  a period  of  twenty 
years,  when  its  charter  terminated  in  1865.  In  1861  he  ac- 
cepted the  Presidency  of  the  Merchants’  Branch  of  the  Stale 
Bank  of  Ohio,  which  had  been  crippled  by  the  failure  of  the 
Ohio  Life  and  Trust  Company.  Under  his  skilful  manage- 
ment it  rapidly  recovered  lost  ground.  In  1865  the  bank 
reorganized  as  a national  bank,  under  the  provisions  of  the 
United  States  national  banking  laws,  with  a capital  of  one 


million  dollars,  six  hundred  thousand  of  which  were  paid 
in.  He  was  elected  President  and  conducted  its  affairs  with 
great  success.  From  1850  to  i860  he  served  as  Treasurer 
of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &;  Cincinnati  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  managed  its  finances  with  great  sagacity.  He  is 
still  a Director. of  the  company,  although  he  resigned  the 
treasurership  in  i860.  He  first  demonstrated  the  practicabil- 
ity of  establishing  a profitable  commerce  direct  with  Europe 
from  the  lake  ports.  In  185S  he  despatched  three  of  a fleet 
of  ten  merchant  vessels,  laden  with  lumber  and  staves,  from 
Cleveland  to  English  ports,  and  from  that  time  the  foreign 
trade  with  the  lakes  has  been  kept  up.  'Very  few  took  a 
deeper  interest  in  educational  and  philanthroiuc  causes,  or 
labored  more  earnestly  for  their  advancement  and  success, 
than  Mr.  Handy';  but  he  never  held  or  sought  positions  of 
political  prominence.  He  served  as  a member  of  the  Board 
of  Education  with  Charles  Bradburn,  and  was  one  of  that 
gentleman’s  ablest  coadjutors  in  reorganizing  and  improving 
the  school  system  of  Cleveland.  They  succeeded  in  placing 
it  on  a basis  of  lasting  prosperity.  In  the  Sunday-school  for 
more  than  forty  years  he  was  a constant,  active  worker.  For 
seventeen  years  he  was  President  of  the  Industrial  Home 
and  Children’s  Aid  Society,  of  which  he  had  ever  been  one 
of  the  most  liberal  supporters.  He  is  a member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  ; has  always  been  sincere  and  earnest  in 
his  life-long  connection  with  it,  yet  free  from  the  cant  of 
many  religious  societies.  He  has  ever  been  broad  and  lib- 
eral in  his  views.  He  is  dearly  beloved  by  children,  with 
whom  he  is  very  generous,  and  is  now  as  young  in  heart  as 
the  little  ones  he  loves  so  much.  He  is  justly  entitled  to 
the  name  of  philanthropist,  on  account  of  his  substantial, 
effective  labors  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  and  helpless  and  in 
rescuing  the  vicious  and  ignorant.  He  has  made  three  ex- 
tended visits  in  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the 
financial,  religious  and  educational  systems  of  the  Old 
World,  and  Cleveland  has  been  largely  benefited  by  the 
valuable  knowledge  he  gained  on  those  occasions.  In 
March,  1832,  he  was  married  to  Harriet  N.  Hale,  of  Gen- 
eva, New  York,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter,  who  was 
married  to  John  S.  Newberry,  of  Detroit. 


I cVEY,  ALFRED  HENRY,  Lawyer  and  Author, 
was  born,  April  28th,  1843,  in  Fayette  county, 
Ohio.  He  is  descended  from  an  old  and  well-to- 
do  family  ; is  of  .Scotch  descent  on  his  father’s 
side,  and  of  English  on  the  maternal  ; his  grand- 
father, James  McVey,  removed  to  Ohio  alrout  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century.  He  received  his  elemen- 
taiy  education  in  the  common  schools  of  the  State,  where 
he  remained  until  he  had  attained  his  seventeenth  year, 
when  he  entered  the  Southwestern  Normal  School,  at 
Lebanon,  f)hio,  where  he  was  prepared  for  college.  While 
but  a youth  he  was  noted  for  his  studious  habits,  and  before 


3^4 


BIOGRAI’IIICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


leaving  the  common  school  he  was  familiar  with  a wide 
range  of  English  literature.  lie  entered  the  volunteer  ser- 
vice in  1S62,  and  served  in  the  ygth  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. Early  in  1864  he  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University,  at  Delaware,  from  which  institution  he  gradu- 
ated in  the  classical  course  of  1868.  While  in  college,  al- 
though in  all  things  a good  student,  he  was  especially 
marked  for  his  literary  attainments,  and  was  considered  as 
the  best  debater  in  the  university.  After  graduation  he  was 
elected  a tutor  In  the  Institution,  which  position  he  resigned 
to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  the  law.  Mr.  McVey  is  also  a 
graduate  from  the  law  school  of  the  Cincinnati  College.  He 
opened  his  law  office  in  1869,  at  Wilmington,  Ohio,  and 
immediately  took  rank  among  those  who  had  been  long  in 
practice,  and  evinced  unusual  ability  both  in  presenting  his 
cause  to  the  jury  or  in  arguments  addressed  to  the  bench. 
In  February,  1872,  he  opened  an  office  in  Toledo,  where  he 
soon  after  removed  and  has  since  continued  to  reside,  and 
where,  in  addition  to  having  a good  practice  in  the  local 
courts,  he  has  more  particularly  devoted  himself  to  profes- 
sional duties  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States.  In  addition 
to  his  forensic  efforts,  he  has  for  some  years  devoted  the 
time  usually  termed  leisure  to  authorship.  He  has  given  to 
the  profession  “ McVey’s  Ohio  Digest,”  published  in  1875, 
consisting  of  two  large  octavo  volumes.  This  work  has 
been  highly  commended  by  the  press,  and  Is  considered  by 
the  legal  profession  a standard  work.  As  a proof  of  Its 
superior  excellence,  it  may  be  stated  that  within  seven 
months  after  its  first  appearance  it  had  reached  a third 
edition.  He  has  also  prepared  a digest  of  the  cases  decided 
by  the  New  York  Court  of  Appeals,  which  is  now  in  press. 
He  is  now  engaged  in  the  preparation  of  a work,  requiring 
great  research  and  learning,  entitled  “ Christianity  before 
the  Law,”  in  which  he  traces  the  relation  of  Christianity  to 
the  law  under  the  governments  of  continental  Europe,  and 
also  Christianity  as  a part  of  the  common  law  of  England, 
preliminary  to  the  discussion  of  the  relations  which  Chris- 
tianity sustains  to  the  common  and  statute  law  of  the  United 
States.  Personally,  he  Is  tall  and  well  proportioned  ; while 
his  countenance  betrays  the  man  of  thought  and  great 
capacity  for  mental  work.  He  was  married,  January,  1869, 
to  Anna,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  William  Holmes 


LEYIN,  P.\TRICK  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on  April 
I5lh,  1815,  in  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  his  pa- 
rents belonging  to  the  upper  middle  class  and 
being  comfortably  circumstanced  in  life.  While 
he  was  quite  young  he  was  brought  by  them  to 
America.  They  settled  in  Adams  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  there  he  received  his  education.  Later  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Perry  county,  Ohio,  and  there 
he  read  law  with  Hon.  John  B.  Orton.  In  November, 
1840,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  very  soon  afterwards 


he  began  to  practise  law  in  the  city  of  Dayton.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1852,  he  removed  to  Defiance,  Defiance  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  again  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  where  he  continued  in  successful  practice  for  several 
years.  In  the  fall  of  i860  he  removed  from  Defiance  to 
Perrysville,  Wood  county,  Ohio,  and  there  entered  into  a 
partnership  with  Hon.  James  Murray,  Attorney-General  of 
the  State,  which  continued  until  August  8th,  1862.  At  that 
time  he  entered  the  army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  looth 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  For  about  a year  there- 
after he  was  engaged  with  his  regiment  in  campaigning 
throughout  the  State  of  Kentucky.  Then,  attached  to  the 
23d  Army  Corps,  he  went  into  Tenne.ssee,  and  eventually 
joined  General  Sherman  in  his  march  upon  Atlanta, 
Georgia.  Long  before  this  he  had  been  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel,  through  the  resignation  of  the  original 
colonel  of  the  regiment.  He  remained  actively  engaged  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign  until  the  6th  of  August,  1864,  when, 
in  a charge  on  the  enemy’s  works  near  Atlanta,  he  was 
very  dangerously  wounded,  and  disabled  for  life.  In  this 
same  charge  he  lost  over  one-third  of  his  command  in  killed 
and  wounded  ; and  for  his  own  meritorious  conduct  in  the 
affair  he  was  brevetted  a Brigadier-General.  This  engage- 
ment, however,  terminated  his  military  service,  for,  in  con- 
sequence of  his  wound,  he  was  obliged  to  resign  and  leave 
the  army.  While  with  his  regiment  he  was  engaged  in  the 
following  battles:  Lenoir  Station,  Knoxville,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Etowah  Creek,  Atlanta  and  many 
others  xif  less  importance.  Returning  to  Ohio  after  leaving 
the  army,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
April,  1867,  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  for  the 
District  of  Miami,  port  of  Toledo.  lu  1871  he  was  re- 
appointed to  the  same  position,  which  he  held  until  No- 
vember, 1874.  In  December  of  that  year  he  was  appointed 
General  Secretary  of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Associa- 
tion of  Toledo,  the  duties  of  which  position  he  continued  to 
fulfil  for  a year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  became  a city 
missionary  in  Toledo,  and  the  work  of  that  calling  he  still 
continues  to  perform.  For  twenty-three  years  past  he  has 
been  a local  preacher  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 


1 ITTSTEIN,  GUSTAV  C.  F.,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Hanover,  February  291!!,  1829;  studied  at 
preparatoi^  schools  until  nine  years  of  age,  when 
he  entered  the  I.yceum  of  Hanover,  which  he 
attended  to  his  sixteenth  year  as  a pupil,  at  which 
lime  his  parents  removed  to  Nieuburg,  on  the 
river  Weser,  which  place  was,  by  the  then  king  of  Han- 
over, Ernest  Augustus,  made  the  place  of  residence  for  his 
father,  an  engineer  in  the  service  of  the  government.  For 
the  two  years  during  which  he  stayed  there  he  received 
private  lessons  in  languages,  history,  drawing,  etc.,  from 
good  teachers.  When  seventeen  years  old  he  entered  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


385 


mercantile  establishment  in  the  old  city  of  Bremen  as  an 
apprentice,  his  term  of  apprenticeship  being  four  years. 
After  his  term  expired  he  entered  the  large  glass  factory  of 
Hermann  Heye,  near  Minden,  Prussia,  as  bookkeeper  and 
correspondent.  Having  remained  there  four  years,  and 
having  for  several  years  contemplated  emigration  to  the 
United  States,  he  left  Bremen  in  September,  1854,  and 
arrived  in  New  York,  from  whence  he  went,  after  a few 
days’  stay,  to  Baltimore,  where,  through  the  recommenda- 
tion of  a friend,  who  left  Europe  a few  years  before  him, 
he  received  an  appointment  as  bookkeeper  in  a large 
American  wholesale  dry-goods  house.  However,  not  feel- 
ing.quite  at  home  yet  in  the  English  language,  he  left  his 
position,  and  with  a friend  started  for  the  far  West,  then 
so  called,  making  Burlington,  Iowa,  his  destination.  Travel- 
ling mostly  by  rail,  and  the  balance  from  Galesburg,  Illi- 
nois, by  stage-coach,  the  trip  was  made.  He  first  entered 
a drug  store,  and  commenced  his  career  by  mixing  up  a lot 
of  putty.  After  a year  in  this  position  he  accepted  a posi- 
tion in  a hardware  .store,  and  in  September,  1856,  accepted 
a position  in  a large  wholesale  hardware  house  in  Chicago 
as  bookkeeper.  In  the  fall  of  1S59  he  went  to  Toledo, 
accepting  an  offer  in  the  hardware  business.  Later,  in 
1861,  he  took  the  position  of  cashier  and  bookkeeper  with 
a large  commission  house  on  Water  street,  remaining  with 
them  until  their  dissolution,  a period  of  six  years.  He 
started  in  the  commission  business  for  himself  in  1869.  In 
the  fall  of  1874  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party 
and  Liberal  Republicans  for  the  office  of  County  Auditor, 
and  elected  by  nearly  700  majority,  in  the  October  election. 
He  has  been  a Republican  since  the  party  organized,  and 
during  the  last  Presidential  election  a Liberal  Republican, 
but  without  ever  taking  a very  active  part  in  politics.  He 
was  married  in  1858  to  Mrs.  Caroline  Poeschel,  from 
Vienna,  Austria. 


EAN,  HON.  EZR.\,  Soldier,  Lawyer,  and  Jurist, 
was  born,  April  9th,  1795,  in  the  town  of  Hills- 
dale, Columbia  county.  New  York,  and  was 
descended  from  an  ancient  family  which  settled 
in  Ma.ssachusetts  in  1630,  each  successive  genera- 
tion of  which  appears  to  have  contained  some 
man  of  eminence  in  the  different  departments  of  life.  Dur- 
ing the  first  five  generations  the  gospel  ministry  seems  to 
have  been  the  profession  most  favored,  until  about  the 
period  of  the  American  Revolution,  when  lawyers  first  made 
their  appearance  in  the  family.  Among  these  latter  was 
Silas  Dean,  who  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolution,  and 
who  was  chosen  by  the  Continental  Congress,  in  September, 
1776,  one  of  the  ambassadors,  in  connection  with  Benjamin 
P'ranklin  and  Thomas  Paine,  to  conduct  the  negotiations 
between  the  confederated  colonies  and  P'rance.  Others  of 
the  family,  less  conspicuous,  were  doing  duty  in  the  ranks 
of  the  revolutionary  army.  Ezra  Dean,  when  he  was  but 
49 


nineteen  years  old,  was  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
an  Ensign  in  the  nth  Regiment  of  United  States  Infantry, 
then  doing  duty  against  the  British  on  the  northern  frontier; 
and  on  P'ebruary  20th,  1815,  he  was  commissioned  a Second 
Lieutenant  by  President  Madison,  to  take  rank  from  October 
1st,  1814,  for  meritorious  conduct  in  the  sortie  of  Fort  Erie, 
on  17th  September,  1814.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Bridge- 
water  and  Chippewa;  and  his  regiment  held  the  advance  in 
the  storming  of  Queenstown  Heights,  in  September,  1814. 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  and  before  he  had  attained  the  age 
of  twenty,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a revenue  cutter 
on  Lake  Champlain,  in  which  capacity  he  rendered  effec- 
tive service  in  guarding  the  interests  of  the  country  against 
the  ever  daring  class  engaged  in  smuggling.  After  occupy- 
ing this  position  for  about  two  years  he  resigned  the  service, 
and  was  next  assigned  to  a place  in  the  corps  of  government 
engineers  who  ran  the  boundary  line  between  the  State  of 
Maine  and  the  province  of  New  Brunswick,  and  was  so 
employed  about  a year.  Having  determined  by  this  time 
upon  his  future  career,  he  went  to  Burlington,  Vermont, 
where  he  became  a student  at  law,  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Governor  C.  P.  Van  Ness,  and  remained  with  him  for 
two  years,  and  then  removed  to  Plattslnirg,  New  York, 
where  he  completed  his  preparatory  course  of  law  study. 
On  October  ist,  1822,  he  was  admitted,  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State  of  New  York,  a member  of 
the  bar  of  that  State.  In  1822,  when  Ohio  was  among  the 
young  and  thinly  peopled  Western  States,  he  removed  to 
Wooster  and  entered  into  the  practice  of  the  law,  in  Wayne 
and  the  surrounding ’counties.  He  devoted  his  entire 
energies  to  the  study  of  the  law  and  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession for  the  succeeding  seven  years  ; and  in  1832  he  was 
chosen  by  the  General  Assembly,  President  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  his  circuit  being  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Wayne,  Knox,  Holmes,  Richland,  Medina,  and 
Lorain.  He  served  in  that  capacity  the  full  constitutional 
term  of  seven  years.  He  took  his  place  on  the  bench  in 
the  beginning  of  the  exciting  discussions  on  the  slavery 
question.  In  some  of  the  counties  of  his  judicial  district, 
especially  in  Knox,  clubs  or  combinations  were  formed  to 
prohibit  all  discussion  of  the  slavery  question ; and  in  some 
instances  they  went  so  far  as  to  commit  acts  of  outrageous 
violence  against  those  individuals  who  attempted  to  address 
the  people  on  the  slavery  question.  These  combinations 
were  made  up  from  both  the  Whig  and  Democratic  parties, 
and  seemed  to  represent  the  sentiments  of  the  people. 
Judge  Dean  did  not  hesitate  a moment  as  to  his  course  of 
official  duty.  In  every  county  where  these  combinations 
existed,  he  charged  the  grand  juries  that  it  was  their  duly 
to  ferret  out  and  indict  all  those  engaged,  either  in  overt 
acts  of  violence  or  in  secret  conspiracies  against  the  sacred 
right  of  free  discussion.  In  one  instance  his  associates  were 
so  terrified  at  the  symptoms  of  violence  in  the  crowd,  that 
they  feigned  sickness  and  deserted  the  bench  ; but  this  did 
not  terrify  Judge  Dean  : he  was  there  to  do  his  duty.  Uiion 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


3S6 

the  conviction  of  the  leaders  in  those  organizations,  he  vis- 
ited on  them  the  extreme  penally  of  the  law ; but  such  was 
the  state  of  pulrlic  opinion,  that  the  fines  imposed  by  him 
were  invariably  remitted  by  the  county  commissioners.  He 
was  one  of  the  true  disciples  of  Jefferson,  who  enforced, 
with  all  the  judicial  sanction  of  the  bench,  the  precept  of 
his  great  exemplar,  that  “ Error  of  opinion  may  be  safely 
tolerated  where  reason  is  left  free  to  combat  it.”  In  the 
memorable  campaign  of  1840  he  was  one  of  the  few  Demo- 
crats elected  to  Congress  from  Ohio,  and  took  his  seat  in 
that  body,  March  4th,  1841.  He  was  re-elected  in  1842, 
thus  serving  in  that  body  for  four  years.  Such  was  the 
sense  entertained  of  his  merits,  that  he  lacked  but  one  vote 
of  being  the  choice  of  his  Democratic  friends  in  the  Legis- 
lature for  United  States  Senator,  when  Benjamin  Tappan 
was  chosen.  Upon  his  retirement  from  Congress,  he  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  law  in  Wooster,  and  in  1852  took 
into  irartnership  his  son  and  only  child,  Ezra  V.  Dean, 
whom  he  had  trained  for  the  bar.  This  relation  continued 
until  1865,  when  the  son  removed  with  his  family  to  Iron- 
ton,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  active  practice  there,  and  where 
he  was  joined  by  his  father  two  years  later.  In  the  summer 
of  1870,  in  company  wdth  his  ohlest  granddaughter,  he 
visited  the  battle-fields  in  the  vicinity  of  Niagara  P'alls, 
where  he  had  stood  for  his  country  in  the  war  of  1812 ; and 
thence  he  went  down  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  viewed  the 
places  about  Lake  Champlain,  Plattsburg,  Burlington, 
Vermont,  and  other  scenes  with  which  his  youth  had  been 
associated.  After  an  absence  of  the  summer  season,  during 
which  he  carefully  observed  and  noted  all  the  great  changes 
time  had  wrought,  he  returned  home  ready  to  meet  the 
great  change  which,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  nature,  he 
was  conscious  he  must  soon  experience.  He  kept  himself 
thoroughly  informed  as  to  all  the  great  social  and  political 
movements  going  on  in  different  parts  of  the  worhl,  and 
took  a profound  interest  in  whatever  related  to  the  public 
welfare  within  his  own  or  other  countries.  His  memory 
continued  fresh  and  accurate,  so  that  he  never  lacked  an 
apt  quotation  or  an  illustration  from  history  suited  to  the 
subject  of  his  conversation.  Few  men  were  better  read  in 
ancient  and  modern  history,  especially  in  the  history  of 
England  and  of  his  own  country.  His  convictions  were 
deep  and  settled  in  whatever  he  believed  to  be  right ; and 
he  adhered  to  them  with  a firmness  and  uttered  them  with 
a boldness  which  neither  the  war  of  tumult  could  drown 
nor  the  clamor  of  opposition  modify  or  subdue.  It  was  the 
force  of  these  convictions  which  sometimes  gave  him  the 
appearance  of  dogmatism  in  conversation;  yet  he  was  most 
tolerant  of  what  he  believed  to  be  errors  of  opinion  in 
others.  From  the  great  diversity  of  life  which  he  experi- 
enced in  the  vicissitudes  of  a soldier’s  camp,  the  deck  of  a 
revenue  cutter,  or  tracing  a boundary  line,  the  practice  of 
the  law  and  its  administration  among  a pioneer  people  to 
that  of  a legislator  in  the  Federal  Congress,  he  had  garnered 
up  in  the  well-arranged  storehouse  of  an  unfailing  memory 


a great  variety  of  knowledge.  Besides  the  diffusion  of 
thought  and  sentiment  which  animated  his  discourse,  it 
was  enlivened  by  ingenious  illustrations,  pointed  sentences, 
and  always  seasoned  by  a vein  of  good  humor,  which  ever 
recommended  him  to  favor  and  attention.  Some  of  the 
cardinal  maxims  which  influenced  the  conduct  of  his  life 
were  the  following:  Always  to  speak  the  truth;  never  to 
deviate  from  principle;  and  never  to  give  any  one  expecta- 
tions that  would  not  be  likely  to  be  realized.  He  was 
strongly  opposed  to  speculative  projects ; believing  that 
through  patience  and  industry  was  the  only  sure  way  to 
happiness  and  prosperity.  A strict  and  consistent  moralist, 
he  granted  little  indulgence  to  laxity  of  morals  in  others. 
His  manners  were  formed  in  the  old  school  of  grace  and 
dignity.  He  disliked  familiarity,  avoided  trifling  conversa- 
tion, and  could  not  tolerate  any  violation  of  good  manners 
in  others.  He  was  thoroughly  versed  in  the  Scriptures  and 
with  the  history  of  the  church,  and  well  acquainted  with 
the  creeds  of  the  sects.  He  had  an  abiding  confidence  in 
the  truth  of  the  teachings  of  Christ,  holding  His  precepts  to 
be  the  supreme  rule  for  the  government  of  human  conduct; 
yet  he  never  united  with  any  branch  of  the  church,  as  he 
regarded  their  creeds  as  but  substitutions  for  a plain  self- 
interpreting  gospel.  Concerning  his  domestic  manners  and 
private  life,  old  age  never  presented  a more  beautiful  specta- 
cle than  his  devotion  to  his  wife.  For  many  years  she  had 
been  an  invalid,  while  he  was  her  patient  nurse,  exhibiting 
towards  her  all  the  tender  care  and  solicitude  which  marked 
the  love  of  his  early  youth.  By  his  grandchildren  he  was 
venerated,  and  indeed  by  all  his  relations  within  the  range 
of  his  domestic  circle.  Of  his  intimate  acquaintances,  those 
who  were  his  friends  in  his  youth  remained  his  companions 
and  friends  in  his  old  age.  He  was  married  in  1823  to 
Eliza,  daughter  of  William  Naylor,  of  Wooster.  He  died 
January  25th,  1S72,  after  an  illness  of  but  four  days.  His 
widow  survived  him  but  six  months. 


EITZEL,  GENERAL  GODFREY,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  November 
1st,  1835.  His  preparatory  education  was  obtained 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  he 
was  a member  of  the  senior  class  of  the  old  Cen- 
tral High  .School.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was, 
through  the  influence  of  Hon.  D.  T.  Disney,  sent  to  West 
Point.  In  1855  he  was  graduated,  ranking  second  in  a 
class  of  over  thirty.  A Brevet  Second  Lieutenancy  in  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  fell  to  his  lot,  and  a year  later  iie 
became  a full  Second  Lieutenant.  In  i860  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a First  Lieutenancy,  and  in  the  spring  of  1863  he 
was  made  a Captain.  From  1855  to  1859  he  was  with 
P.  G.  T.  Beauregard,  as  assistant  in  the  construction  and 
repairs  of  fortifications  in  Louisiana,  when  he  was  relieved 
and  ordered  to  West  Point  as  Assistant  Professor  of  Military 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


187 


and  Civil  Engineering.  In  the  winter  of  1861  he  w'as 
ordered  to  report  for  duty  with  Company  A,  Engineers,  and 
with  it  proceeded  to  Washington,  where  it  acted  as  body- 
guard to  Abraham  Lincoln  in  the  inauguration  ceremonies. 
The  next  month  he  accompanied  it  to  Fort  Pickens,  Florida. 
While  here  he  twice  reconnoitred  within  the  enemy’s  lines 
under  confidential  orders  from  the  commandant.  He  re- 
turned to  the  academy  in  the  fall,  and  w'as  from  thence 
ordered  to  report  to  General  O.  M.  Mitchel,  commanding 
the  district  of  Ohio,  as  Chief  Engineer,  and  also  for  recruit- 
ing duty.  On  December  loth,  1861,  he  was  transferred  to 
the  engineer  battalion  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
placed  in  command  of  a company.  He  w'as  also  assigned 
to  the  special  duty  of  putting  together  some  of  the  pontoon 
trains  for  the  army.  By  this  time  he  had  attracted  the 
attention  of  his  superiors  to  his  qualifications  as  an  engineer. 
When  Butler’s  expedition  to  New  Orleans  was  being  or- 
ganized, he  was  appointed  its  engineer.  While  w'ith  Beau- 
regard in  that  city  and  vicinity,  he  had  become  possessed 
of  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  country,  and  this  now' 
became  of  great  service  to  the  government.  Arriving  at 
Ship  Island  he  was  taken  into  consultation  with  General 
Butler  and  Captain  Farragut  of  the  navy,  w'ho  w'as  after- 
wards to  gain  such  w'idespread  fame.  Acting  upon  his 
advice  in  every  movement,  these  commanders  were  enabled 
to  reduce  the  defences  of  New  Orleans,  and  he  then  guided 
Butler  and  his  troops  around  the  marshes  and  bayous  into 
the  city.  For  his  eminent  services  he  was  made  Assistant 
Military  Commander  and  Acting  Mayor  of  New  Orleans, 
and  also  placed  in  charge  of  recruiting  at  that  point.  After 
the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge  he  went  thither  under  orders,  and 
laid  out  the  fortifications  there.  In  September,  1862,  he 
was  made  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers,  and  placed  in 
command  of  a brigade  of  raw  troops.  Ordered  by  his  com- 
mander to  proceed  against  the  enemy,  he  entered  the  La 
Fourche  district  and  routed  the  rebels  in  every  encounter, 
and  changed  the  condition  of  affairs  there  to  one  of  order 
and  safety.  In  April,  1863,  he  proceeded  against  Port 
Hutison,  and  did  effective  work  before  reaching  and  during 
the  siege  of  that  place.  After  the  surrender  he  was  made 
commander  of  the  1st  Division,  19th  Corps,  and  after 
being  engaged  in  various  military  undertakings  with  more 
or  less  success,  he  was  sent  to  Ohio  in  December,  on  re- 
cruiting service.  Upon  his  return  he  made  application  to 
be  transferred  to  Butler’s  command  in  Virginia,  having  a 
warm  regard  for  the  man  who  had  accelerated  his  promo- 
tion. He  W'as  transferred  to  this  department  in  April,  1864, 
and  was  made  Chief  Engineer  and  also  placed  in  command 
of  the  2d  Division,  l8th  Corps.  In  the  former  capacity  he 
constructed  the  various  lines  of  defence,  works,  and  bridges 
on  the  James  and  Appomattox  rivers,  including  the  ap- 
proaches and  piers  for  the  famous  pontoon  bridge,  by  which 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  crossed  the  former.  In  Septem- 
ber, after  returning  from  a reconnoissance  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Cape  Fear  river,  looking  to  the  reduction  of  Fort  1 


P’isher,  he  w'as  placed  in  command  of  the  l8th  Corps.  Soon 
after  he  was  attacked  w'ith  fierceness  by  the  enemy,  but  re- 
pulsed them  with  great  loss.  In  December  he  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  25th  Corps,  colored  troops,  which 
he  held  until  he  w'as  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service. 
He  was  second  in  command  in  Butler’s  operations  against 
P'ort  Fisher.  In  the  closing  operations  against  Richmond 
he  had  command  of  a considerable  force,  and  w'as  the  first 
to  enter  the  city,  April  3d,  1865,  taking  up  his  quarters  in 
the  bouse  hastily  deserted  by  JefI'  Davis  the  night  before. 
When  President  Lincoln  visited  the  fated  city,  he  w'as  re- 
ceived by  General  Weitzel.  On  the  12th  of  April  he  com- 
menced preparations  for  the  transfer  of  his  command  to 
Texas,  where  he  served  under  Sheridan  until  February, 
1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out  as  Major-General  in  the 
volunteer  service  and  returned  to  the  Engineer  Corps. 
While  on  the  Texas  frontier  be  w'as  a warm  sympathizer 
with  the  Mexican  Republicans,  in  their  efforts  to  throw'  off 
the  yoke  of  Maximilian,  and  strongly  protested  against  the 
cruelties  practised  by  the  Imperialists.  A sharp  correspond- 
ence took  place  between  himself  and  one  of  the  Imperialist 
generals.  After  leaving  the  volunteer  service,  he  engaged 
in  engineering,  and,  among  other  duties,  made  the  plans 
and  estimates  for  a canal  around  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  on 
' the  opposite  shore  from  Louisville.  At  present  he  holds 
the  rank  of  Major  and  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Engi- 
j neers,  and  is  stationed  at  Detroit,  having  charge  of  the 
building  of  a canal  at  that  place.  He  also  has  general 
supervision  of  the  lighf-house  service  of  the  lakes.  Toward 
the  end  of  the  war  he  was  married  to  a daughter  of  Mr. 
George  Bogen,  prominent  in  the  w'ine  trade  of  Cincinnati. 

I He  is  acknow'ledged  to  be  one  of  the  best  engineers  of  the 
United  States  service,  and  is  to  be  found  only  where  diffi- 
cult work  is  being"performed. 

! r 

OOD,  SAMUEL  BRYANT,  Wholesale  Grocer, 

I " born  in  1829,  in  the  town  of  Warw'ick,  Frank- 

I Jilj  lin  county,  Massachusetts,  and  received  there  only  a 

u common  school  education,  being  reared  on  a farm, 

' f < b > 

c'  ^ where  he  labored  until  he  was  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  At  this  time,  in  order  to  gratify  his  dis- 
position for  different  employment,  he  left  home  and  repaired 
to  Greenfield,  P'ranklin  county,  Massachusetts,  where  he 
became  a hotel  clerk.  At  that  place  and  in  that  position 
he  w'on  many  friends  by  his  urbanity  and  desire  to  give 
satisfaction  ; and  he  was  enabled,  througb  habits  of  .steadi- 
ness and  the  practice  of  a strict  economy,  to  accumulate 
means  and  become  pro]n-ietor.  He  continued  in  the  hotel 
luisiness  for  a period  of  fifteen  years;  and  by  his  superior 
administrative  qualities  and  assiduous  attention  to  his  call- 
ing, he  was  enabled  to  command  a respectable  amount  of 
funds,  with  which  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Toledo  in 
1868,  and  there  purchased  an  interest  in  the  firm  of  Benson 


388 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOILLDIA. 


& Woodberty,  wholesale  grocers,  under  the  name  and  style 
of  Benson  & Wood,  the  former  junior  partner  retiring. 
This  business  connection  continued  until  1872,  when  the 
firm  was-  dissolved,  by  the  death  of  the  senior  member. 
He  then  purchased  the  interest  of  the  latter,  and  the  busi- 
ness is  now  conducted  in  his  own  name.  He  is  a quiet, 
practical  man,  of  great  force  of  character,  combining  a 
steady  perseverance  in  business,  with  an  easy,  gentlemanly 
deportment,  and  has  thus  secured  an  excellent  patronage; 
while  his  name  is  a synonyme  for  integrity,  soundness,  and 
fair  dealing,  and  his  life  and  present  position  are  sturdy 
witnesses  of  what  perseverance,  industry  and  economical 
habits  will  accomplish. 

ILLI.\RD,  RICH.\RD,  Merchant,  was  born  in 
Chatham,  New  York,  July  4th,  1797.  His  father, 
David  Hilliard,  died  when  his  son  was  but  four- 
teen years  of  age.  After  his  father’s  death  he 
left  Albany  and  resided  with  his  brother  in 
Skeneateles,  where  he  divided  his  time  between 
clerking  in  a store  and  teaching  school  until  he  was 
eighteen,  when  he  removed  to  Black  Rock  and  became  a 
clerk  in  the  general  merchandise  store  of  John  Daly.  He 
was  soon  admitted  to  a partnership  without  capital.  In 
1S24  the  partners  removed  to  Cleveland,  Mr.  Hayes  resign- 
ing the  active  management  of  the  business  to  his  junior 
partner,  who,  in  1827,  purchased  Mr.  Daly’s  interest  and 
continued  to  carry  on  the  business  alone.  By  his  unwearied 
industry  and  strict  integrity  he  succeeded  in  building  up  so 
large  a business  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  that  it  became 
advisable  to  have  a partner  in  New  York  for  the  purchase 
of  goods.  For  th.at  purpose  he  associated  himself  wdth  Mr. 
William  Hayes  of  that  city.  For  a number  of  years  the 
firm  of  Hilliard  & Hayes  carried  on  a wholesale  business 
in  dry  goods  and  groceries  that  made  it  one  of  the  foremost 
houses  in  that  line  in  the  West.  Its  field  of  operations  was 
extensive  and  ste.adily  increasing,  and  the  reputation  of  the 
house  was  of  the  highest.  The  New  York  house  was 
changed  to  Hopkins,  Hayes  & Co.,  Mr.  Hilliard  still  being 
the  principal  proprietor.  The  transactions  of  this  firm  were 
very  large.  At  the  same  time  he  was  associated  with 
Cortland  Palmer,  of  New  York,  in  extensive  purchases  of 
real  estate.  In  1856,  when  on  the  journey  home  from 
New  York,  he  took  cold;  a short  but  fatal  illness  followed, 
when  he  died  on  the  21st  day  of  December,  1856.  No 
merchant  ever  stood  higher  in  the  public  estimation  for 
ability  and  integrity.  His  paper  was  never  dishonored  or 
ever  placed  in  doubt,  and  his  word  was  as  good  as  a w’ritten 
contract.  His  financial  abilities  were  very  great  and  appre- 
ciated by  other  merchants.  In  all  transactions  he  was 
economical,  but  he  was  wisely  liberal,  giving  generously, 
but  being  careful  that  his  generosity  was  not  unworthily  be- 
stowed. He  early  interested  himself  in  the  scheme  for 
supplying  the  city  with  water  from  Lake  Erie,  and  was  one 


of  the  first  commissioners  of  the  Water-Works  Board.  He 
negotiated  the  bonds  of  the  city  for  the  water  works  most 
advantageously.  The  works  were  completed  under  his 
presiding  directions  in  the  most  thorough  and  complete 
manner,  so  that  they  have  contii^ued  to  give  the  greatest 
satisfaction  to  all  parties  concerned.  He  also  took  a deep 
interest  in  the  construction  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  & 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  the  first  railroad  line  reaching  Cleve- 
land, and  was  one  of  the  most  successful  in  procuring  stock 
subscriptions.  Although  he  avoided  taking  an  active  part 
in  politics  he  was  a conservative  Democrat.  He  was  one 
of  the  officers  of  the  village  of  Cleveland  previous  to  its 
organization  as  a city,  and  the  first  year  after  it  became  a 
city,  in  1836,  he  was  elected  an  alderman,  and  filled  the 
same  office  again  in  1839.  He  was  frequently  tendered  the 
Democratic  nomination  to  Congress,  but  always  declined  to 
accept.  He  w’as  courteous  and  considerate  to  all,  a warm 
and  trustworthy  friend,  generous  and  charitable  in  thought, 
word  and  action.  He  was  liberal  in  his  religious  views, 
and  was  utterly  devoid  of  narrowness  or  selfishness.  He 
was  married  to  Catharine  Hayes,  of  New  York,  who  died 
four  years  prior  to  his  death,  leaving  seven  children. 


INSI.OW,  RICHARD,  Shipowner,  was  born  in 
Falmouth,  Maine,  September  6th,  1769,  being 
descended  in  a direct  line  from  Knelm  Winslow, 
brother  of  Governor  Edward  Winslow  of  Ply- 
mouth colony,  and  one  of  the  Mayflower  Pilgrims. 
In  1812  he  left  Maine  for  North  Carolina,  where 
he  established  himself  at  Ocracoke,  and  became  largely  in- 
terested in  the  commerce  of  that  place  both  by  sea  and  land. 
In  1830  he  determined  to  investigate  the  great  West,  and 
in  May,  1831,  he  arrived  with  his  family  in  Cleveland.  He 
became  agent  for  a line  of  vessels  between  Buffalo  and 
Cleveland,  and  also  of  a line  of  boats  on  the  Ohio  canal. 
He  commenced  business  also  as  a shipowmer  on  his  own 
account,  his  first  on  the  lakes  being  the  brig  “ North  Caro- 
lina,” built  for  him  in  Cleveland.  A few  years  later  he  was 
interested  in  building  the  steamer  “ Bunker  Hill,”  of  456 
tons,  which  was  a very  large  size  at  that  time.  Then 
followed  a long  line  of  sail  and  steam  craft,  built  for  or 
purchased  by  him  alone,  or  in  connection  with  his  sons, 
who  became  sharers  with  him  in  the  business,  until  the 
Winslow  family  ranked  among  the  foremost  shipowners 
on  the  western  lakes.  In  1854,  after  twenty-five  years  of 
active  business  on  the  lakes,  and  being  then  eighty-five 
years  old,  he  retired,  leaving  his  interest  to  be  carried  on 
by  his  sons,  who  inherited  his  business  tastes  and  abilities. 
He  enjoyed  his  retirement  but  three  years,  having  met  with 
an  accident  which  seriously  affected  a leg  he  had  injured 
years  before,  and  resulted  in  his  death.  He  was  a true 
gentleman,  his  nature  being  warm  and  impulsive,  quick  to 
conceive  and  prompt  to  act,  cordial  in  his  greetings,  free 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


389 


from  even  the  suspicion  of  meanness  or  duplicity,  courteous 
to  every  one,  and  strongly  attached  to  those  he  found 
worthy  of  his  intimate  Iriendship.  Although  he  neither 
sought  nor  desired  office  he  took  a warm  interest  in  public 
affairs  as  a citizen.  He  was  married  to  Mary  Nash  Grandy, 
of  Camden,  North  Carolina,  who  became  the  mother  of 
eleven  children,  four  of  whom,  N.  C.,  H.  J.,  R.  K.  and 
Edward,  survived  him.  Mrs.  Winslow  died  October,  1858, 
having  survived  her  husband  a little  over  a year.  His  son, 
Rufus  King  Winslow,  was  born  in  Ocracoke,  North  Caro- 
lina. He  removed  with  his  family  to  Cleveland  in  1831, 
and  was  sent  to  school  in  the  old  Cleveland  Academy. 
\Vhen  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  became  associated  with 
his  brothers,  N.  C.  and  J.  11.  Winslow,  in  the  shipping 
business,  their  father  being  heavily  interested  in  the  owner- 
ship of  vessels  on  the  lakes.  His  attention  being  wholly 
devoted  to  this  business,  the  Winslow  family  always  being 
at  the  head  of  all  shipowners.  Since  his  father’s  death  the 
business  has  been  carried  on  with  success  wholly  by  him 
and  his  brothers,  he  remaining  in  Cleveland,  while  one 
brother  settled  in  Buffalo  and  the  other  in  Chicago.  In 
1859  and  i860  they  despatched  some  vessels  to  the  Black 
Sea,  but  most  of  their  operations  have  been  confined  to  the 
lakes.  He  has  ever  refused  to  accept  positions  of  public 
trust,  although  he  is  patriotic  and  was  a liberal  supporter 
of  the  Union  during  the  rebellion.  Pie  is  deeply  interested 
in  scientific  pursuits,  and  from  a boy  has  been  a devoted 
student  of  ornithology.  In  1869  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  Kirtland  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and  was  for 
many  years  one  of  its  most  active  and  energetic  members. 
He  is  well  known  to  the  best  artists  as  a skilful  connoisseur 
in  paintings,  and  a warm  and  liberal  friend  of  art  in  all  of 
its  branches.  He  is  aivvays  ready  to  take  an  active  part  in 
works  of  benevolence,  and  his  correct  taste  and  good  judg- 
ment render  valuable  service  in  devising  and  carrying  into 
execution  plans  for  charitable  or  patriotic  purposes.  In 
1851  he  married  Lucy  B.  Clark,  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  A. 
Clark,  of  Cleveland. 

OLBROOK,  ALFRED,  Principal  of  the  National 
Normal  School  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Derby,  Connecticut,  February  17th,  1816.  He 
commenced  teaching  when  seventeen  in  Monroe, 
Connecticut.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  en- 
gaged in  New  York  city  manufacturing  sur- 
veyors’ instruments.  After  two  years  he  removed  to  Kirt- 
land, Ohio.  Subsequently  he  was  occupied  one  year  and  a 
half  in  surveying  in  Boonville,  Indiana.  In  1840  he  re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  taught  school  in  Berea,  commencing 
with  three  pupils.  His  school  increased  very  rapidly,  and 
was  the  foundation  of  Baldwin  University.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  Principal  of  an  academy  at  Chardon,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  He  then  accepted  a posi- 
tion in  the  Western  Reserve  Teachers’  Seminary  at  Kirt- 


land. Subsequently  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
public  schools  of  Marlborough,  Ohio,  and  held  the  position 
three  years.  He  then  removed  to  Salem,  Ohio,  and  while 
there  he  received  the  appointment  as  Principal  of  the  .South- 
western Normal  School  at  Lebanon,  which  position  he  has 
occupied  twenty  years.  Professor  Alfred  Holbrook  is  the 
author  of  two  educational  works,  which  have  had  a very 
wide  circulation,  viz.:  “Normal  Methods”  and  “School 
Management.”  He  has  recently  written  two  text-books  on 
the  English  language,  which  are  perhaps  the  best  treatises 
of  the  kind  ever  published,  viz. : “ Training  Lessons”  and 
an  “ English  Grammar.”  During  nearly  fifty  years  Professor 
Holbrook  has  had  under  his  instruction  not  less  than  twenty- 
five  thousand  persons — a greater  number  probably  than  can 
be  claimed  by  any  other  living  teacher.  On  March  24lh, 
1843,  Professor  Holbrook  was  married  to  Melissa  Pierson, 
daughter  of  Abial  and  Irene  Pierson,  of  Derby,  Connecticut. 


W'AYNE,  WAGER,  Lawyer  and  Soldier,  was  born 
in  Columbus,  Ohio,  November  loth,  1834.  On 
April  1st,  1849,  he  left  his  home  for  school  in 
Springfield,  Ohio,  and  in  September,  1851,  he 
entered  Yale  College.  A dangerous  illness  in 
the  fall  of  1852  obliged  him  to  suspend  his  studies 
for  a year.  He  afterwards  returned  to  Yale  and  graduated 
in  1856.  From  college,  he  went  back  to  Ohio,  and  entered 
the  law  office  of  Swayne  & Baber,  graduating  at  the  Cincin- 
nati law  school  in  the  spring  of  1859.  In  the  fall  of  that 
year  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  partnership  with 
his  father,  the  Hon.  N.  H.  Swayne.  On  the  outbreak  of 
the  war,  he  was  tendered  a commission  in  the  Ohio  Volun- 
teer service  by  the  Governor,  and  entered  the  army  as 
Major  of  the  43d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers  at  Camp  Chase, 
on  August  31st,  1861.  The  regiment  was  recruited  with 
some  difficulty,  owing  to  the  great  number  of  regiments 
then  organizing,  and  before  the  full  complement  of  men 
was  obtained  the  activity  and  energy  of  Major  Swayne  was 
recognized  by  his  promotion  to  be  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
October  31st,  1861.  The  regiment  was  filled  by  January 
1st,  1862,  numbering  then  1079  men,  and  on  P'ebruary 
20th,  1862,  it  went  to  Commerce,  Missouri,  and  commenced 
active  service  under  the  command  of  General  Pope.  It 
participated  in  the  action  against  New  Madrid,  Missouri, 
and  was  complimented  in  the  orders  by  General  Pope  for 
efficient  service.  It  took  part  in  the  operations  against 
Island  No.  10  and  Fort  Pillow,  and  being  called  by  Gen- 
eral Halleck  to  Shiloh,  after  the  battle  at  that  place,  it 
participated  in  the  advance  upon  and  taking  of  Corinth 
under  General  Pope,  and  marched  to  Boonville  in  pursuit 
of  Beauregard’s  forces,  afterwards  taking  ])art  in  the  battle 
of  Iiika,  .September  19th,  1862,  in  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
October  3d  and  4th,  1862,  and  in  the  juirsuit  of  the  rebels 
under  Price  to  Ripley,  Mississi|)pi.  The  regiment  suffered 


390 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EHCVCLOP.LDIA. 


severely  in  the  action  at  Corinth,  losing  its  colonel,  adjutant 
and  senior  captain.  Lieutenant-Colonel  .Swayne  was  struck 
twice  but  not  injured.  He  was  mentioned  both  in  the. 
brigade  and  division  reports  for  distinguished  gallantry  and 
efficiency  in  action.  On  October  12th,  1862,  he  was  made 
Colonel  of  the  regiment.  In  the  spring  of  1S63  Colonel 
Swayne  was  appointed  Provost-Marshal  of  Memphis.  This 
duty  was  performed  with  an  administrative  ability  and  just 
discrimination,  which  afterwards  became  more  widely 
known.  During  the  winter  of  1863-64  the  regiment,  then 
under  command  of  Colonel  Swayne,  received  the  invitation 
of  Congress  to  re-enlist  for  an  additional  term  of  three 
years,  while  encamped  at  Prospect,  Tennessee  ; and  it  may 
be  cited  as  illustrating  the  state  of  the  command  that  seven- 
eighths  of  the  men  on  duty  responded  promptly  to  the  call. 
Later  in  the  same  year,  the  regiment,  still  under  his  per- 
sonal charge,  formed  part  of  Sheiman’s  army  in  the  march 
from  Chattanooga  to  Savannah,  participating  in  the  move- 
ments against  Resaca,  Kenesaw,  Atlanta,  and  afterwards 
in  the  attack  upon  the  outworks  of  Savannah.  Later,  in 
Pebruary,  1865,  Colonel  Swayne,  who  in  the  meantime  had 
been  brevetted  Brigadier-General  for  gallant  and  meritori- 
ous services,  while  preparing  for  an  attack  upon  the  rebel 
forces  at  River’s  bridge,  crossing  the  Salkahatchee  river. 
South  Carolina,  was  struck  by  an  exploding  shell,  from 
which  he  suffered  the  loss  of  his  right  leg,  and  was  obliged 
to  be  taken  back  the  next  day  to  Pocatalgo,  and  thence  to 
hos|)ital  at  Beaufort,  South  Carolina.  The  attack,  however, 
was  successful,  and  the  results  of  value,  as  afterwards  ex- 
pressed in  a private  letter  from  General  Sherman  on  the 
subject.  March  4th,  1865,  he  was  appointed  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers,  vice  Andrew  Johnson  resigned; 
and  on  his  return  to  Columbus  w.as  presented  by  his  fellow- 
townsmen  with  a magnificent  sword,  belt  and  sash,  in 
token  of.  his  gallant  and  effective  service.  Before  he  had 
quite  recovered  from  his  wound,  he  was  selected  by  Gen- 
eral Howard  as  one  of  the  Assistant  Commissioners  of 
Freedmen’s  Affairs,  and  was  sent  South,  and  placed  in 
charge  of  the  State  of  Alabama.  The  problems  here  pre- 
sented were  of  extreme  interest  and  importance,  the  powers 
of  the  assistant  commissioner  involving  the  exclusive  con- 
trol of  all  litigation,  civil  and  criminal,  to  which  a negro 
was  a party  in 'that  .State,  as  well  as  the  care  of  vast  num- 
bers of  suddenly  enfranchised  and  helpless  persons,  of 
whom  thousands  were  aged,  infirm  or  infants;  and  also  the 
adjustment  of  the  relations  of  capital  to  labor  wholly  con- 
vulsed and  overthrown  by  the  recent  fortunes  of  war.  After 
several  months  of  severe  labor  in  the  discharge  of  these 
duties,  on  June  ist,  1866,  the  military  command  of  the 
forces  in  that  State  was  added  to  his  charge;  and  on  the  4th 
of  August,  in  the  same  year,  he  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
the  45th  Regiment  of  Infantry  in  the  regular  army  of  the 
United  States,  in  which  he  afterwards  received  the  brevet 
rank  of  a general  officer.  The  administration  within  the 
State  of  Alabama,  of  what  were  known  as  the  Reconstruc- 


tion Measures  of  Congress,  coming  directly  within  the 
scope  of  his  official  duties,  was  pursued  with  the  same  vigor 
and  organizing  force  which  had  marked  his  previous  ad 
ministration.  This  was  necessarily  in  conflict  with  the 
spirit  and  purpose  of  the  President,  Mr.  Johnson,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1868  General  Pope  and  General  Swayne  were 
relieved  from  duty  in  the  same  order,  and  on  the  eve  of 
important  elections  in  both  States;  the  design,  which  was 
afterwards  in  good  part  carried  out,  being  to  place  these 
elections  in  the  hands  of  men  hostile  to  the  policy  of  re- 
construction. In  December,  1868,  General  Swayne  was 
married  to  Ellen  Harris,  daughter  of  Alfred  Harris,  Esq., 
of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  his  regiment  in  the  regular  army 
being  then  stationed  at  Nashville,  Tennessee.  Soon  after, 
he  was  ordered  to  Washington,  and  placed  in  charge  of  an 
important  bureau  in  the  War  Department;  but  not  liking 
department  life,  in  June,  1872,  he  applied  to  be  retired,  and 
removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  at  once  formed  a part- 
nership with  John  R.  Osborn,  of  that  city,  in  the  practice 
of  law,  taking,  presently  afterwards,  a very  active  part  in 
developing  and  increasing  of  railroad  facilities,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  in  promoting  the  edu- 
cational interests  of  the  city. 


„^^p|OOMIS,  P'INNEY  R.,  Merchant,  and  Member 
of  liie  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Sixty-first 
General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Medina 
county,  Ohio,  on  the  3d  of  September,  1841,  his 
parents  being  Milo  and  Lucy  A.  Loomis.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Medina  county,  and  subseijuently  entered  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, where  he  graduated.  When  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
broke  out,  he  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the  military  ser- 
vice in  the  cause  of  the  Union.  lie  enlisted  as  a private 
on  the  19th  of  April,  1861,  and  served  as  a private  and 
orderly  sergeant  until  the  battle  of  Antietam,  in  1862.  In 
that  battle  he  distinguished  himself  by  special  gallantry, 
and  was  promoted  therefor  to  the  rank  of  Second  Lieuten- 
ant. He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  hip  during  the 
engagement,  and  was,  of  course,  incapacitated  for  active 
service  for  a time  thereafter.  As  soon  as  he  was  able  for 
duty,  however,  he  was  back  in  the  field  again,  and  served 
so  effectively  that,  in  January,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  a 
First  Lieutenancy,  and  detailed  to  the  position  of  Ordnance 
Officer  of  a brigade  in  the  2d  Army  Corps.  In  July, 
1863,  he  was  still  further  advanced  in  rank,  being  made 
Captain  and  Commissary  of  Subsistence  of  his  brigade.  At 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder. 
He,  however,  remained  in  the  field,  and  continued  to  do 
active  service  until  his  regiment — the  8th  Ohio  Volunteers 
— was  mustered  out,  by  reason  of  expiration  of  term  of  ser- 
vice, July  13th,  1864.  All  his  military  service  was  with  the 
.-\rmy  of  the  Potomac.  Immediately  after  his  return  to  his 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOr/EDIA. 


391 


home  at  Lodi,  Medina  county,  he  was  made  Postmaster  of 
the  place,  and  also  engaged  in  general  merchandising  busi- 
ness. He  continued  in  this  business  until  the  spring  of 
1873,  when  he  gave  it  up.  In  that  year,  1873,  he  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  as  a member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly, 
from  Medina  county,  and  was  placed  on  the  Gommittees  on 
Claims,  Retrenchment,  and  Blind,  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and 
Imbecile  Asylums,  being  secretary  of  the  two  latter.  He 
proved  himself  an  admirable  committeeman,  and  as  good  a 
legislator  as  he  had  been  a soldier,  which  is  saying  that,  as 
a legislator,  he  left  little  to  be  desired.  He  has  been  twice 
married.  In  November,  1862,  he  married  Nellie  G.  Slater, 
of  Wayne  county,  Ohio.  She  died  in  October,  1863,  and 
on  the  loth  of  January,  1865,  he  married  Catherine  C.  Kill- 
mer,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  a 
son,  born  March  i6th,  1871.  In  September,  1875,  he 
purchased  property  in  Medina,  the  county-seat  of  his  native 
county,  where  he  removed  with  his  family  soon  after,  and 
where  he  now  resides. 


ELLS,  HON.  JACOB  M.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was 
born  in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  June  8th,  1821. 
He  was  the  oldest  child  in  a family  of  thirteen 
children,  whose  parents  were  Eli  Wells  and  Eliza 
(Mahan)  Wells.  His  father,  a native  of  Mason 
county,  Kentucky,  followed  through  life  princi- 
pally agricultural  pursuits.  He  moved  to  Ohio  in  1803, 
settling  in  Clermont  county,  where  he  has  since  permanently 
resided.  His  mother,  a native  of  Bethel,  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  was  a daughter  of  Jacob  Mahan,  early  pioneer  and 
preacher  of  that  county.  The  sires  of  the  Wells  family 
were  active  participants  in  the  stirring  events  of  revolu- 
tionary days,  and  the  Mahans  took  part  in  the  subsequent 
war  of  i8i2.  Until  his  twentieth  year  was  reached  his  days 
were  spent  alternately  in  attending  school  through  the 
winter  months,  and  in  laboring  on  a farm  during  the  summer 
seasons.  The  year  1841  saw  him  in  possession  of  a liberal 
education,  and  he  then  assumed  the  role  of  teacher  in  a 
school  of  Brown  county,  Ohio.  During  the  ensuing  eight 
years  of  his  experience  as  an  educator  he  applied  himself 
with  more  or  less  regularity  to  the  study  of  law.  In  the 
spring  of  1853  he  settled  in  West  Union,  Adams  county, 
and  taught  school  there  for  one  year.  Upon  his  admission 
to  the  bar  in  1854  he  immediately  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  West  Union,  and  has  down  to  the 
present  lime  continued  to  prosecute  his  professional  labors 
with  notable  success.  He  has  been  twice  elected  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  the  first  time  about  the  year  1847,  and  for  two 
years  he  acted  as  Surveyor  for  Adams  county.  Also,  for  one 
term,  he  officiated  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Adams  county. 
He  has  never  descended  into  the  political  arena  as  a par- 
tisan office-seeker,  but  in  the  movements  of  the  hour  has 
uniformly  supported  the  man  and  cause  that,  in  his  views, 


promised  to  accomplish  the  greater  good.  The  principles 
of  the  Republican  party  are  more  thoroughly  in  harmony 
with  his  sentiments  and  ideas  than  are  those  of  any  of  the 
other  political  organizations.  His  religious  opinions  are  ex- 
pressed in  the  doctrines  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
He  was  married  in  April,  1844,  to  Elizabeth  J.  Robbins, 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Rebecca  Robbins,  of  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  who  died  in  August,  1868.  He  was  again  married, 
in  January,  1870,  to  Elizabeth  F.  Thompson,  a native  of 
Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  a graduate  of  Olome 
Institute,  Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  father 
of  seven  living  children  by  his  first  marriage,  four  sons  and 
three  daughters. 


HOMAS,  DAVID  W.,  Atlorney-at-Law,  was  born 
in  Loudon  county,  Virginia,  August  lllh,  1833. 
He  was  the  fourth  child  in  a family  of  six  children 
whose  parents  were  Joseph  Thomas  and  Sallie 
(Worthington)  Thomas,  also  natives  of  Loudon 
county,  Virginia,  and  descendants  of  familits 
whose  members  had  been  participants  in  the  stirring  events 
of  the  Revolution.  His  father  followed  through  life  the 
business  of  wagon  and  carriage-maker,  and  moved  to  Ohio 
in  1836,  settling  at  Mount  Vernon,  Knox  county,  where  he 
remained  during  the  ensuing  three  years.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Adams  county,  near  Mount  Leigh,  where  he  re- 
sided until  his  decease  in  1870.  He  was  noted  for  his 
ability  as  a master-mechanic,  and  esteemed  for  his  sterling 
integrity  of  character.  He  was  of  Welsh  extraction.  His 
earlier  years  M'ere  passed  in  various  employments,  in  the 
carriage-shop  and  on  the  farm.  His  early  education, 
limited  in  degree  and  kind,  was  acquired  by  his  own  exer- 
tions. While  in  his  twentieth  year,  his  literary  attainments 
having  been  improved  by  diligent  study  and  observation,  he 
assumed  the  role  of  educator  in  a school  at  Locust  Grove, 
Adams  county,  where  he  taught  duritig  two  winters,  while 
the  summer  months  were  devoted  to  field  labor.  In  those 
years  he  also  began  the  study  of  law.  In  the  winter  of 
i860  he  removed  to  West  Union,  and  resumed  his  law 
studies  under  the  supervision  of  Colonel  Joseph  R.  Cockerill. 
In  May,  1861,  he  entered  the  Union  service  <as  a private  of 
Company  D,  of  the  24th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. With  that  body  he  served  actively  for  three  years, 
and  while  connected  with  it  was  a participant  in  the  battles 
of  Shiloh,  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Lookout 
Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  in  numerous  other 
minor  engagements.  On  the  second  day  of  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  he  was  wounded  in  the  thigh  by  a Minie-ball.  This 
casualty  incapacitated  him  for  service  for  about  two  months. 
After  the  battle  of  Stone  River  he  was  promoted  to  a First 
Lieutenancy,  and  subsequently  was  raised  to  the  rank  of 
Captain.  In  June,  1864,  he  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge from  the  army,  his  term  of  service  having  expired, 
and  returned  to  West  Union.  There  he  continued  the 


392 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOIAEDIA. 


study  of  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  E.  P.  Evans,  and, 
October  ist,  1864,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Since  his  entry 
into  professional  life  he  has,  with  the  exception  of  two  years 
p.assed  in  Georgetown,  Brown  county,  resided  constantly  in 
West  Union,  and  has  there  acquired  a very  extensive  and 
remunerative  practice.  In  1867  he  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Adams  county,  and  served  for  one  term.  He 
was  elected  Mayor  of  West  Union  in  1873,  ^^d  re-elected 
to  the  same  office  in  1874,  serving  three  years.  He  is  an 
ally  of  the  Democratic  party.  His  integrity  of  character  is 
unassailable,  and  his  course  in  life  has  uniformly  been 
characterized  by  untiring  industry  and  well-directed  energy. 
His  views  on  religious  matters  are  liberal  and  free  from  any 
taint  of  bigotry  or  intolerance.  He  was  married  in  1854  to 
Elizabeth  Frilts,  a native  of  Loudon  county,  Virginia. 


■ji|t  ILLER,  JOHN,  Banker,  was  born  in  Worcester, 
'’■4t  I Massachusetts,  March  l6th,  1810.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  liberal,  and  olitained  in  the  then  com- 
mon schools  of  his  native  place.  After  a residence 
of  several  years  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  where  he 
took  a clerical  position,  he  returned  to  Worcester, 
and  there  was  engaged  for  a brief  period  in  the  arena  of 
business.  In  1838  he  moved  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  em- 
barked in  the  grocery  business,  which  he  sustained  with 
success  until  1854.  In  February  of  this  year  he  engaged  in 
the  banking  business,  under  the  firm-style  of  Miller,  Donald- 
son & Co.,  over  which  house  he  still  presides  as  head.  He 
has  served  in  all  twelve  years  as  a member  of  the  City 
Council.  In  1862  he  organized  the  present  Steam  Fire 
Department,  and  until  1865,  the  date  of  his  resignation, 
officiated  as  its  Chief  Engineer.  From  1863  to  1865  he  was 
Director  of  the  Ohio  Penitentiary.  He  was  also  Director 
of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  & Cincinnati  Railroad  Company 
for  twenty-one  consecutive  years,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
that  extended  period  declined  a longer  service.  He  has 
been  President  and  a Director  of  the  Columbus  Gas-Iaght 
and  Coke  Company,  and  of  the  Franklin  Insurance  Com- 
pany, from  the  dates  of  their  organization  down  to  the 
present  time,  and  was  President  of  the  first  Street  Railroad 
built  in  the  city  of  Columbus.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  build  the  new  depot  of  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus & Cincinnati  Railroad.  During  the  years  of  his 
residence  in  Columbus,  he  has  been  zealously  engaged  in 
the  support  and  aid  of  all  public  enterprises  of  an  important 
nature,  and  has  acted  in  a most  laudable  spirit  in  furthering, 
with  well-directed  energy,  the  fruitful  development  of  the 
city’s  natural  and  artificial  resources.  The  possessor  of  a 
large  fortune,  he  is  ever  ready  to  listen  to  the  story  of  dis- 
tress, and  as  ready  to  assist  the  deserving  unfortunate,  while 
his  record,  public  or  private,  is  without  a stain.  He  was 
married  in  1834  to  Harriet  R.  Robinson,  by  whom  he 


has  had  four  children.  His  son,  William  H.  Miller,  is 
Superintendent  of  the  Columbus  Gas  Works,  a most  worthy 
and  exemplary  young  gentleman. 


INEGARNER,  DAVID  C.,  Hardware  Merchant, 
I'i  l Mayor  of  Newark,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Muskingum 
[ ill  Ghio,  November  6th,  1833.  His  parents 

were  residents  of  Virginia,  and  his  father  followed 
through  life  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  edu- 
cated primarily  at  a country  school  located  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  home.  He  was  subsequently  a student  in 
Granville  College,  now  Dennison  University,  where  he  re- 
mained until  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  was  then  employed 
as  a clerk  in  a store  at  Pataskala,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  for 
about  two  years.  At  a later  period  he  was  occupied  for  a 
time  on  a farm,  and  also  in  teaching  school  during  the 
winter  months.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  moved  to  Keokuk, 
Iowa,  where  he  carried  on  the  business  of  a grocery  store 
for  eighteen  months,  sustaining  through  this  time  a fair 
trade.  In  the  spring  of  i860,  having  spent  nine  months  in 
St.  Louis,  in  the  cigar  and  tobacco  business,  he  removed  to 
Newark,  Ohio.  Here  he  embarked  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness, successively  in  partnership  and  alone,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  From  l86g  to  1875  he  was  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  of  Newark,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1874  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  town.  In  addition  to  his 
private  business  as  a hardware  merchant,  he  possesses  a 
valuable  interest  in  the  glass  works  of  Shields,  King  & Co. 
In  his  prominent  and  honorable  position  as  head  of  the  city 
powers,  he  conducts  himself  with  marked  loyalty  and 
ability,  and  by  his  administration  has  deservedly  won  ihe 
respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-townsmen.  He  was  mar- 
ried, March  12th,  1861,  to  Mary  E.  Haver,  of  Fairfield 
county,  Ohio. 


ARROTT,  COLONEL  EDWIN  A.,  President  of 
the  Dayton  (Ohio)  Malleable  Iron  Works,  was 
born  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  November  30th,  1830.  His 
parents,  Thomas  Parrott  and  Sarah  A.  (Sullivan) 
Parrott,  were  natives  of  Dorchester  county,  Mary- 
land, and  moved  to  Ohio  in  1829.  The  Parrott 
family  has  a New  England  origin,  and  Captain  Abner  Par- 
rott commanded  a privateer  which  was  fitted  out  at  Salem, 
and  which  was  one  of  the  first  vessels  to  engage  in  the  revo- 
lutionary struggle,  and  establish  the  reputation  of  the  Amer- 
ican navy.  He  received  his  education  in  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan University  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  graduating  in  the  class 
of  1S49  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  that  of  A.  M.  being  con- 
ferred at  a subsequent  period.  After  abandoning  collegiate 
life  he  registered  for  the  bar  in  Dayton,  and  applied  him- 
self to  the  study  of  law  during  the  ensuing  eighteen  months. 
He  also  attended  one  term  at  the  Harvard  College  Law 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 


393 


School.  He  then  returned  to  his  home  and  engaged  in  the 
manufacturing  business  with  his  father.  Having,  however, 
kept  up  his  legal  studies  in  private,  he  passed  the  required 
examination,  and  in  1853  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  P'rom 
that  time  until  1859,  not  desiring  to  enter  on  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  his  attention  was  engrossed  by  the  manu- 
facturing business.  He  was  then  elected  to  the  Legislature 
on  the  Republican  ticket,  thus  securing  the  honor  of  being 
the  first  member  returned  by  his  parly  from  Montgomery 
within  the  preceding  ten  years.  During  the  eventful  period 
of  the  secession  of  the  Southern  States,  he  acted  as  Chair- 
man of  the  House  Committee  on  Federal  Relations,  and  ex- 
hibited a fearless  boldness  in  urging  the  government  to 
make  a decisive  stand  and  strike  pitilessly  to  preserve  the 
national  existence.  Perceiving  the  inevitable  drift  of  mat- 
ters, the  day  after  the  first  call  of  President  Lincoln  for 
troops  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  House,  and  hastened  back 
to  Dayton  in  order  to  organize  a militia  regiment,  of  which 
he  was  Major,  and  prepare  it  to  assist  in  the  defence  of  the 
capital.  With  four  companies  of  the  ist  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Militia,  speedily  brought  together,  he  returned  to  Columbus 
within  a week,  where  his  forces  were  augmented  by  com- 
panies from  other  parts  of  the  State.  Thus  was  formed  the 
1st  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  of  which  he  was  promptly 
elected  Lieutenant-Colonel.  Moving  immediately  to  the 
front,  he  participated  in  the  engagement  under  General 
Schenck  at  Vienna.  The  term  of  service  of  those  troops, 
which  was  limited  to  ninety  days,  expired  three  days  before 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run  ; they  remained  under  orders,  how- 
ever, until  after  that  engagement,  and  were  active  partici- 
pants in  it.  “ The  shadow  of  this  memorable  defeat  cannot 
fall  on  the  patriotism  of  the  1st  Ohio  Regiment.”  On  his 
return  to  his  State,  the  regiment  was  re-enlisted,  retaining  its 
old  number,  while  he  was  elected  to  occupy  its  colonelcy. 
The  elective  system  of  determining  officers  had,  however, 
just  been  abolished,  and  the  position  of  Colonel  was  given 
to  an  officer  of  the  regular  army,  he  resuming  his  former 
position  as  Lieutenant-Colonel.  Joining  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  he  served  on  the  staff  of  General  A.  B.  McCook 
until  May,  1862,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  full  rank  of 
Colonel.  He  commanded  the  3d  Brigade  of  the  2d  Divi- 
sion of  the  1st  Army  Corps  from  January,  1863,  until  Sep- 
tember 1st,  at  which  date  he  was  detailed  to  organize  the 
Provost- Marshal’s  Bureau  of  Ohio,  with  head-quarters  at 
Columbus.  In  this  position  he  remained  until  February, 
1864,  when  the  death  of  his  father  made  it  necessary  for 
him  to  give  his  personal  attention  to  the  settlement  of  the 
estate,  and  he  accordingly  resigned  his  position  in  the 
army.  At  this  dale,  however,  the  war  was  practically 
ended,  and  a few  weeks  later  the  Confederacy  collapsed. 
He  was  at  the  head  of  his  regiment  in  the  famous  battles  of 
Pittsburgh  Landing  and  Murfreesboro’,  and  led  it  also  in  the 
minor  engagements  occurring  up  to  the  period  of  his  detail- 
ment.  In  1865  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  .\t  the  conclusion  of 

50 


his  term  he  withdrew  from  politics,  and  has  since  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  business.  He  is  President  of  the 
Dayton  Malleable  Iron  Works,  an  enterprise  of  extensive 
proportions,  of  which  he  is  the  founder.  He  was  married  in 
February,  1866,  to  Mary  M.  Thomas,  daughter  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Thomas  F.  Thomas. 


FCK,  WILLIAM  LAUREN,  Physician  and  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Cincinnati  Sanitarium,  was 
born  in  Woodbridge,  New  Haven  county,  Con- 
necticut, on  the  7th  of  July,  1S20.  Through  both 
branches  of  the  family  he  is  descended  from  revo- 
lutionary stock.  His  parents  were  both  natives 
of  Connecticut,  and  his  father,  Lauren  Peck,  was  a direct 
descendant  of  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  New  Haven. 
A prominent  feature  of  William’s  early  discipline  was  the 
discipline  of  labor,  and  his  father’s  farm  was  his  earliest 
school.  The  father,  however,  was  in  circumstances  that  en- 
abled him  to  give  his  children — there  were  seven  of  them 
and  William  was  the  third — a good  general  education.  Of 
his  opportunities  in  this  direction  William  availed  himself 
fully,  and  obtained  a very  thorough  education.  When  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age  he  began  the  study  of  medicine, 
having  early  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  that  profession. 
His  habits  of  hard  work  and  patient  study  served  a good 
purpose  now,  no  less  than  his  excellent  natural  abilities. 
While  going  through  the  elementary  discipline  of  medical 
study, he  supported  himself  byteachingsehool  and  laboring  at 
otber  pursuits ; and  not  only  supported  himself,  but  accumu- 
lated enough  to  enable  him  to  go  through  a course  of  study 
in  a medical  college,  when  the  lime  came.  Having  finished 
his  course  of  elementary  study,  he  entered  the  Berkshire 
Medical  College,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
the  year  1848,  and  immediately  thereafter  he  established 
himself  in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Pittsfield,  Massachu- 
setts. In  connection  with  his  medical  practice  he  opened  a 
drug  store,  and  rapidly  achieved  prosperity,  both  as  a med- 
ical practitioner  and  as  a druggist.  He  remained  at  Pitts- 
field until  1851,  when  he  sold  out  his  interests  there  and 
removed  to  Ohio,  locating  himself  in  Circleville.  There  he 
devoted  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  the  practice  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  and  attained  a substantial  and  envi- 
able success.  He  remained  there  until  the  fall  of  1862, 
when  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  3d  Ohio  Volunteers, 
to  succeed  Dr.  McMeans,  who  had  died  after  the  battle  of 
Perryville.  He  at  once  accompanied  the  regiment  to  the 
field,  and  continued  wilh  it  until  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service  in  June,  1864.  After  leaving  the  army  he  returned 
to  Ohio  and  took  charge  of  the  State  Lunatic  Asylum  at 
Columbus,  in  which  position  he  remained  for  the  next  ten 
years.  In  April,  1874,  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
asylum,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Cincinnati  .Sani- 
tarium, located  on  College  Hill,  near  Cincinnati,  and  his 


394 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


position  as  Superintendent  of  this  institution  he  still  holds. 
The  Sanitarium  is  a benevolent  institution,  under  the  control 
of  a hoard  of  directors.  Its  purpose  is,  most  especially,  to 
afford  relief  in  cases  of  nervous  disorder.  During  the  years 
1874-75  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons  of  both  sexes 
received  treatment  there,  and  left  the  institution  materially 
benefited.  Of  these  about  one-tenth  were  inebriates,  three- 
fourths  were  lunatics,  and  the  remainder  were  afflicted  with 
various  nervous  infirmities.  Politically  Dr.  Peck  is  a Re- 
publican, although  the  constant  demands  of  his  profession 
have  left  him  little  time  for  active  participation  in  politics. 
He  is  an  active  and  consistent  member  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  and  was  for  years  a deacon  of  that  body.  He 
was  married  on  the  i8th  of  April,  1841,  to  Sarah  Vienna 
Olds,  a native  of  Vermont,  and  a daughter  of  Amasa  Olds, 
of  Marlborough  in  that  State. 

EL.SON,  RICHARD,  .Author  and  Teacher,  was 
I born  in  Castleward,  county  of  Down,  Ireland, 
July  9th,  1822.  His  father,  James  Nelson,  was  a 
sea-captain,  well  known  in  Belfast,  one  of  the  ports 
in  which  he  traded  before  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred  in  1868.  His  ancestors,  the  Nelsons  and 
Moores,  of  the  third  generation,  both  were  from  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  England,  and  settled  on  either  side  of  Strang- 
ford  river,  in  the  county  of  Down.  His  education  consisted 
of  the  elementary  branches  which  were  acquired  in  Strang 
ford  near  Castleward,  and  the  higher  course  in  science, 
mathematics,  and  English  literature  in  Belfast,  under  the 
professors  of  the  Belfast  Institution.  Soon  after  leaving 
Belfast  he  served  under  his  brother  Horatio  on  board  the 
“ Britannia”  as  cabin-boy,  but  in  a short  time  was  appren- 
ticed to  sailmaking  with  Francis  McCracken,  in  Belfast,  at 
one  time  the  largest  sailmaker  in  Europe.  In  the  third  year 
of  his  apprenticeship  Mr.  McCracken  died,  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  madesecond  foreman  of  the  establishment,  and 
subsequently  first  foreman.  At  that  time  he  had  served  as 
an  apprentice  but  four  years,  and  as  the  law  of  the  trades- 
union  required  seven  years,  the  workmen,  in  accordance 
with  their  rules,  refused  to  work  under  Mr.  Nelson  as  fore- 
man until  he  had  completed  his  seven  years.  This  action 
of  the  trades-union  changed  his  entire  course,  and  he  en- 
gaged a few  years  in  study,  and  then  took  a position  as  tutor 
in  a family  in  Kings  county,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  In  1847  he  opened  a mercantile  and  classical 
academy  in  Great  Howard  street,  Liverpool,  England, 
where  he  remained  till  July,  1S49,  when  he  sailed  for  the 
United  States,  and  settled  in  Bartlesville,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  proffered  and  accepted  the  charge  of  the  academy  of 
that  town.  In  1851  he  removed  to  Wheeling,  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  obtained  the  principalship  of  Centre  Wheeling 
Public  School.  In  1853  he  located  in  Cincinnati  and 
opened  a commercial  college  on  Central  avenue,  where  he 


remained  until  1859,  when  he  removed  to  the  southeast 
corner  of  Fourth  and  Vine  streets.  In  1866  H.  A.  Faber, 
now  President  of  Queen  City  College,  was  admitted  to  part- 
nership, and  took  the  position  of  principal  of  the  business 
department.  After  seven  years’  connection  with  the  insti- 
tution ill  health  compelled  him  to  dissolve  the  partnership. 
Mr.  Nelson’s  wonderful  success  in  this  college  was  due  to 
the  method  of  instruction,  which  was  entirely  original,  and 
was  introduced  by  himself,  viz.,  that  of  imparting  instruction 
through  the  medium  of  an  organized  business  community, 
as  described  by  a writer  in  the  Cincinnati  Gazette.  Clerks, 
bookkeepers,  merchants,  teachers,  old  and  young,  were  at- 
tracted to  the  institution.  Business  men  who  had  retired 
on  their  wealth  were  found  side  by  side  with  graduates  of 
literary  colleges  and  clerks  preparing  for  higher  positions. 
Principals  of  the  public  schools  spent  their  evenings  and 
spare  hours  on  .Saturdays,  in  preparing  for  employment 
more  congenial  to  their  taste,  as  well  as  more  lucrative. 
Young  men  were  drilled  in  bill-making,  and  acquired 
familiarity  with  business  paper,  learned  by  experience  how 
to  transact  busine.ss,  and  were  thus  prepared  to  fill  the  more 
humble  positions  to  which  their  ages  assigned  them,  and 
from  which  they  were  soon  promoted.  This  college  Mr. 
Nelson  disposed  of  in  1871.  When  in  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
he  organized  the  Mechanics’  Institute,  and  secured  for  its 
members  night  schools  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  In  1859 
he  wrote  and  published  his  “ Mercantile  Arithmetic,”  in 
1866  his  “Common  School  Arithmetic,”  and  in  1870  Id's 
“ First  Part  of  Bookkeeping,”  now  a text-book  in  the  schools 
of  Cincinnati.  P'or  a number  of  years  he  published  a jiaper. 
The  News  and  Educator,  which  was  merged  into  the  Edu- 
cational  Times,  a magazine  edited  by  the  Hon.  A.  J. 
Rickoff,  now  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1875  published, 
in  conjunction  with  H.  A.  Faber,  “ The  New  Mercantile 
Arithmetic.”  Mr.  Nelson  in  addition  to  his  college  duties 
was  a partner  in  a veneer  mill,  and  was  of  the  firm  of 
Nelson  & Co.,  furniture  manufacturers.  During  his  connec- 
tion with  the  International  Business  College  Association,  he 
was  for  three  years  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Text 
Books  and  Course  of  .Study;  In  politics  he  belongs  to  no 
party,  yet  his  sympathies  are  with  the  Republican  jiarty. 
In  religion  he  is  an  orthodox  Congregationalist.  In  Eng- 
land he  was  an  Independent,  having  left  the  Episcopal 
Church  on  account  of  the  heresies  of  Pusey,  when  his  atten- 
tion was  directed  to  the  ministry.  He  never  held  a public 
office  except  that  of  teacher.  During  the  war  he  furnished 
a substitute,  and  was  a member  of  the  Tetichers’  Rifle  Com- 
pany. At  present  he  is  associated  with  Mr.  Bolles  in  a land 
office  on  Third  street,  Cincinnati,  and  has  just  published  a 
very  interesting  book  of  about  two  hundred  pages,  entitled 
“Suburban  Homes.”  His  residence  is  in  Montgomery,  a 
suburb  of  Cincinnati,  adjoining  which  he  has  a beautiful 
farm.  December  24th,  1846,  he  was  married  to  Ellen 
Higginson,  a daughter  of  Mr.  Higginson,  of  the  county  of 
.Vntrim.  She  is  a graduate  of  the  Home  and  Colonial  In- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


395 


slitution  of  London,  England.  They  have  seven  children 
now  living,  three  daughters  and  four  sons.  Their  eldest 
daughter,  Dora,  is  Secretary  of  the  Cincinnati  Conservatory 
of  Music. 


ICE,  HARVEY,  LL.  D.,  Lawyer  and  Author,  was 
born  in  Conway,  Massachusetts,  June  nth,  1800. 
When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  requested  his 
father,  who  was  a fanner,  to  give  him  his  free- 
(s  dom  and  allow  him  to  acquire  a liberal  educa- 

tion. This  he  achieved  by  graduating  from 
Will  iams  College,  in  1824.  Erom  college  he  went  directly 
to  Cleveland,  where  he  had  no  influential  friends  to  aid 
him  in  his  advancement.  His  worldly  goods,  all  told,  were 
the  plain  ,suit  of  clothes  he  wore  and  three  dollars  in 
money.  Cleveland  at  that  time  contained  but  four  hundred 
inhabitants.  He  soon  began  to  teach  a classical  school  in 
the  old  academy  on  St.  Clair  street,  and  also  to  study  law 
under  the  direction  of  Reuben  Wood,  a prominent  member 
of  the  Cleveland  bar.  In  two  years  he  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law,  and  at  once  formed  a copartnership  with 
Reuben  Wood,  with  whom  he  had  read  law.  This  part- 
nership continued  until  Mr.  W'ood  was  elected  to  the 
bench.  In  1S29  Mr.  Rice  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  in  1830  Representative  to  the  Legislature. 
Soon  after  this  he  was  appointed  an  agent  for  the  sale  of 
the  Western  Reserve  school  lands,  which  comprised  a tract 
of  fifty-six  thousand- acres  situated  in  Virginia  Military  Dis- 
trict. He  opened  his  office  in  Millersburg,  Holmes  county, 
for  the  sale  of  these  lands,  and  in  three  years  had  sold  them 
all  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  and  paid 
that  sum  into  the  State  Treasury  as  a school  fund  to  edu- 
cate the  children  of  the  Western  Reserve,  the  interest  of 
which  is  now  annually  paid  by  the  State  for  that  purpose. 
In  1833  he  returned  to  Cleveland  and  was  appointed  Clerk 
of  the  Common  Pleas  and  .Superior  Courts,  and  held  that 
position  seven  years.  In  1834  and  1836  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Democratic  Conventions  for  Congress,  but  was  not 
elected,  as  the  Democrats  were  in  a small  minority.  He 
was  the  first  Democrat  ever  sent  to  the  Legishature  from 
Cuyahoga  county.  In  the  House  Select  Committee  for 
revising  the  statutes  of  the  State  he  introduced  many  new 
provisions,  which  are  still  retained  on  the  statute-book. 
In  the  autumn  of  1851  he  was  nominated  and  elected  State 
Senator  by  seven  hundred  majority.  The  General  Assembly 
met  for  the  first  time  under  the  new  constitution,  and  new 
laws  were  to  be  enacted  to  secure  to  the  people  the  prac- 
tical benefits  of  the  great  reforms  which  had  been  achieved 
by  its  adoption.  It  was  said  of  Mr.  Rice,  that  he  was  al- 
ways at  his  post.  He  took  an  active  part  in  establishing 
two  insane  asylums  in  the  .State,  and  performed  great  ser- 
vice in  forming  a new  system  for  the  common  schools,  so 
that  he  was  called  “ The  Pather  of  the  common  schools  of 
Ohio.”  He  introduced  a bill  to  establish  a State  reform 


school  for  juvenile  offenders,  which  resulted  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Reform  I'ami  School  at  I.ancaster.  In  1857 
he  was  a member  of  the  City  Council,  and  took  a leading 
part  in  establishing  in  Cleveland  an  industrial  school,  and 
was  afterward  active  in  extending  its  usefulness.  During 
the  same  year  he  introduced  a resolution  to  erect  the  Perry 
monument,  which  now  graces  the  public  park  of  that  city. 
The  resolution  made  the  cost  to  depend  solely  on  voluntary 
subscriptions  of  the  citizens.  As  Chairman  of  the  Monu- 
ment Committee  he  carried  the  object  of  his  resolution  into 
effect  in  three  years  after  he  had  introduced  it.  On  Sep- 
tember loth,  i860,  the  anniversary  of  Perry’s  victory  on 
Lake  Erie,  the  monument  was  inaugurated  with  imposing 
ceremony.  Mr.  Bancroft,  the  historian,  delivered  the  ad- 
dre.ss.  By  a careful  estimate  it  is  supposed  that  not  less  than 
one  hundred  thousand  people  were  in  attendance.  In  car- 
rying out  the  programme  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie  was  re- 
produced in  a mock  fight  on  the  lake  in  front  of  the  city. 
Everything  was  a perfect  success — the  monument,  inaugura- 
tion, and  the  crowd  of  interested  spectators,  who  fully 
appreciated  the  importance  of  the  occasion.  In  1861  he 
was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  was 
appointed  President  of  the  Board.  In  1862  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor,  with  the  approval  of  the  War 
Department,  Commissioner  for  Cuyahoga  County,  to  con- 
duct the  first  draft  made  in  that  county  during  the  late  civil 
war.  While  in  the  discharge  of  this  duty  five  or  six  hun- 
dred men  appeared  one  morning  to  demolish  his  office  and 
records.  They  had  heard  that  there  had  been  unfairness 
in  the  draft,  and  were  greatly  excited.  Mr.  Rice  quietly 
sent  to  the  military  camp  on  the  heights  for  a detachment 
of  soldiers,  infantry  and  artillery,  who  came  to  his  relief  and 
disijersed  the  riotous  assemblage.  To  satisfy  all,  he  ofl'cred 
to  have  a committee  appointed  to  investigate  and  see  that 
everything  had  been  conducted  with  fairness.  With  his 
aid  an  elaborate  investigation  was  made.  The  committee 
reported  that  the  draft  had  Ireen  conducted  justly  in  all 
respects.  Two  of  the  men  who  had  been  instrumental  in 
getting  up  the  mob  were  drafted  on  the  spot.  In  1867  he 
planned  and  erected  at  his  own  expense,  approved  by  the 
college  authorities,  a beautiful  marble  monument  in  Mis- 
sions Park,  at  Williamstown,  Massachusetts,  commemora- 
tive of  American  Eoreign  Missions,  originated  by  Samuel  J. 
Mills,  a religious  enthusiast — thus:  in  an  out  doors  meeting 
they  were  driven  by  a violent  storm  to  take  refuge  under  a 
haystack;  while  there  Mr.  Mills  suggested  the  idea  of  mis- 
sions to  foreign  heathen  lands  as  a religious  duty.  His 
companions  agreed  with  him,  and  consecrated  themselves  iti 
solemn  prayer  to  the  great  work.  Erom  this  circumstance 
originated  the  American  Eoreign  Missions.  The  monu- 
ment is  erected  on  the  .spot  where  the  haystack  stoijd.  It 
is  twelve  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a marble  globe  three  feet 
in  diameter,  cut  in  map  lines.  The  face  of  the  monument 
has  the  inscription,  “The  Field  is  the  World,”  followed  by 
a haystack  sculptured  in  bas-relief  and  the  names  of  the  five 


;g6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E NX’  V C LO  P.  I-:  D I A. 


young  men  who  held  the  prayer-meeting,  and  the  date, 
1806.  The  monument  was  deilicated,  July  28th,  1867.  at 
Maple  Grove,  in  the  park,  and  by  special  request  Mr.  Rice 
delivered  the  dedicatory  address,  which  was  published  in 
pamphlet  form.  In  1869  he  visited  California,  and  became 
a correspondent  for  the  papers ; his  “ Letters  from  the 
Pacific  Slope;  or.  First  Impressions,”  were  read  by  thou- 
sands with  deep  interest.  In  1S71  Williams  College  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  is  widely 
known  as  the  author  of  “ Mount  Vernon,  and  other 
Poems,”  a volume  of  250  pages,  which  attained  its  fifth 
edition.  In  1875  he  wrote  another  volume,  entitled 
“ Nature  and  Culture,”  which  has  received  a wide  circu- 
lation. His  natural  abilities  are  of  a high  order;  his  mind 
thoroughly  disciplined  and  cultivated,  and  although  prac- 
tising at  the  bar  but  a short  time  he  won  an  enviable  repu- 
tation for  legal  ability,  discriminating  judgment  and  gentle- 
manly deportment.  He  is  a graceful  and  vigorous  writer, 
and  is  well  known  as  an  able  contributor  to  some  of  the 
best  periodicals  of  the  day.  At  present  he  is  engaged  in 
literary  and  other  labors,  especially  in  attempting  to  pro- 
mote the  success  of  the  reformatory  institutions  of  Cleve- 
land. He  has  twice  been  married  : first  in  1828,  and  after- 
wards in  1840. 

ORRIS,  HON.  THOMAS,  United  States  Senator 
from  Ohio,  was  born  in  Berks  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, January  3d,  1776.  He  was  the  fifth  of  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  born  to  Isaac  and 
Ruth  (Henton)  Morris.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  a Virginia  planter.  The  first  represent- 
ative of  the  family  name  came  from  England  in  1637,  and 
settled  in  Massachusetts.  Soon  after  the  birth  of  Thomas 
his  parents  removed  to  the  wilds  of  western  Virginia,  and 
settled  in  Harrison  county,  near  Clarksburg.  Both  were 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  the  father  preached 
the  gospel  for  more  than  half  a century.  He  died  in  1830, 
at  the  age  of  ninety-one,  leaving  three  hundred  descend- 
ants. (The  number  is  now  estimated  at  one  thousand.) 
Thomas  was  instructed  in  the  rudiments  of  education  by  his 
mother,  schools  being  scarce  in  those  wilds.  His  parents 
were  people  of  strong  anti-slavery  convictions,  and  gave 
proof  of  the  fixedness  of  their  principles  by  refusing  to  re- 
ceive in  bondage  four  “human  chattels”  who  fell  to  their 
lot  by  heritance.  In  1795  Thomas  took  up  his  residence 
in  Ohio,  then  a part  of  the  great  Northwest  Territory.  In 
the  town  of  Columbia,  in  this  year,  he  became  a clerk  in 
the  store  of  Rev.  John  Smith,  a Baptist  preacher,  and  after- 
wards one  of  the  first  members  of  the  United  States  Senate 
from  the  State  of  Ohio.  His  unfortunate  connection  with 
the  “ Burr  conspiracy  ” drove  him  from  home  and  friends 
in  disgrace.  In  the  employ  of  this  man  young  Morris  re- 
mained for  several  years,  during  which  he  improved  his 
mind  by  perusing  books.  In  his  hours  of  leisure  he  often 


hunted  wild  game  in  the  forest,  afterwards  felled  to  make 
way  for  Cincinnati.  On  the  19th  of  November,  1797,  two 
years  after  his  arrival  in  Columbia,  he  was  married  to 
Rachel,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Davis,  of  Welsh 
descent,  and  natives  of  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania. 
This  union  was  eminently  happy,  and  existed  nearly  fifty 
years.  Eleven  children  were  born  to  them,  all  of  whom 
lived  to  become  useful  members  of  society.  In  1800  the 
young  couple  removed  to  Williamsburg,  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  and  four  years  later  to  Bethel,  where  they  resided  the 
most  of  their  days.  In  1802,  with  meagre  facilities,  the 
husband  began  the  study  of  the  law.  Two  years  later  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  at  once  became  a leader 
among  his  professional  brethren.  In  all  his  arguments  he 
was  fond  of  quoting  from  Scripture,  and,  although  a suc- 
cessful lawyer  for  forty  years,  he  never  encouraged  litiga- 
tion. He  was  oftener  found  pleading  the  cause  of  the  poor 
than  the  rich,  and  but  for  this  his  large  practice  would 
have  yielded  a great  revenue.  In  1S06  he  was  elected 
from  Clermont  county  to  the  Ohio  Legislature.  Here  he 
fought  the  encroachments  of  the  slave  power.  His  legis- 
lative labors  extended  over  a period  of  twenty-four  years, 
and  his  record  was  spotless,  as  indeed  his  political  and 
social  life  ever  was.  No  matter  what  party  was  in  power, 
he  was  chairman  of  the  most  important  committees.  Ills 
entire  legislativ'e  history  was  free  from  selfish  ambition. 
He  labored  long  for  the  repeal  of  the  law  making  debt  a 
crime  punishable  by  imprisonment.  He  strongly  opposed 
the  canal  system,  uttering  the  memorable  prophecy:  “In 
twenty-five  years  Ohio  will  be  covered  with  a network  sys- 
tem of  railroads,  and  canals  will  be  superseded.”  During 
all  his  service  in  the  Legislature  he  was  an  ardent  and  able 
friend  of  the  common  schools,  and  voted  for  the  largest  ac- 
cumulation of  a fund  devoted  to  this  great  object.  In 
1808-9  he  was  appointed,  on  the  part  of  the  House,  to 
conduct  the  impeachment  trial  of  Judges  Tod  and  Pease. 
His  success  led  to  his  election  as  one  of  the  Supreme 
Judges  of  Ohio,  but  an  act  of  the  Legislature  prevented  his 
being  seated.  He  strongly  advocated  the  war  with  Great 
Britain  in  1812.  In  the  “ nullification  ” troubles  of  1832 
he  was  a firm  supporter  of  the  general  government.  In 
1826  he  was  tendered  the  nomination  for  United  States 
Senator,  but  declined.  In  1832  he  was  again  tendered  the 
nomination,  and  his  acceptance  resulted  in  his  election. 
He  was  a member  of  the  Democratic  party,  but  never 
failed  to  fellow  his  convictions,  especially  in  his  opposition 
to  the  extension  of  slavery.  In  December,  1833,  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  United  States  .Senate.  In  this  new  field  of 
labor  he  found  the  stormy  era  of  sectional  prejudices  just 
dawning.  But  he  never  hesitated  to  declare  his  principles. 
His  career  in  the  Senate,  if  not  specially  brilliant,  was 
highly  honorable.  He  measured  his  reasoning  powers 
with  such  men  as  Clay,  Calhoun  and  others,  on  the  subject 
of  slavery,  and  at  one  time  so  roused  the  ire  of  the  oppo- 
sition that  a Southern  member  said  he  ought  to  be  expelled. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


397 


On  February  9th,  1839,  he  made  a memorable  speech  in 
answer  to  Henry  Clay,  who  took  the  side  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  their  petition  to  Con- 
gress against  interference  on  the  question  of  the  abolition 
of  slavery  in  the  District.  This  speech  produced  a great 
sensation.  The  Legislature  of  Virginia  suggested  his  ex- 
pulsion. But  he  was  too  radical  for  the  conservatism  of 
the  times,  and  a pro-slavery  man  was  elected  by  his  party 
to  fill  his  seat  in  the  Senate.  He  met  the  defeat  calmly, 
and  soon  after  joined  the  Liberty  party.  In  August,  1843, 
a national  convention  of  this  party  was  held  at  Buffalo, 
more  than  a thousand  delegates  being  in  attendance. 
James  G.  Birney  was  nominated  for  President,  and  Thomas 
Morris  for  Vice-President.  The  ticket  received  62,163 
vote-.  He  did  not  long  survive  this  candidacy.  On  the 
7th  day  of  December,  1844,  with  his  intellectual  powers 
unimpaired  by  age,  he  was  stricken  down  with  apoplexy 
He  died  on  his  homestead  farm,  four  miles  from  Bethel 
Clermont  county,  Ohio.  He  lies  in  the  graveyard  at 
Bethel,  an  appropriately  inscribed  marble  monument  mark 
ing  the  spot  where  rests  one  of  Ohio’s  most  honored  sons. 


^Vltf^OLDEN,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  M.  D.,  ex-Member 
of  the  Ohio  State  Senate  and  House,  was  born  in 
Caroline  county,  Maryland,  February  20th,  1827. 
His  parents  also  were  natives  of  Maryland.  His 
father,  Peter  Holden,  he  lost  while  still  very 
young.  His  mother  was  then  again  married. 
In  1836,  or  thereabout,  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Ohio, 
and  secured  his  preliminary  education  at  the  schools  in 
Guernsey  county.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  years  he  engaged 
in  teaching  school,  and  pursued  this  vocation  during  the 
succeeding  four  years.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  C.  .S.  McQueen,  and  attended  Starlin 
Medical  College,  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  during  1851-52.  In 
1853  he  removed  to  California,  where  he  practised  his  pro 
fession  for  about  two  years.  On  his  return  he  was  occupied 
professionally  in  Perry  county  until  1858,  when  he  again 
attended  Starling  Medical  College,  and  graduated  from  this 
institution  in  1859.  I.ater,  he  returned  to  Perry  county 
where  he  practised  until  1871,  at  which  date  he  settled 
Zanesville,  now  his  home,  and  where  he  controls  an  exten- 
sive business,  probably  the  largest  in  the  place.  In  1861-62 
he  was  a member  of  the  lower  House  of  the  Legislature 
from  Perry  county,  and  in  the  fall  of  1869  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  from  the  counties  of  Perry  and  Mus- 
kingum. In  1872  he  was  re-elected  to  the  latter  body,  and 
served  continuously  for  a period  of  four  years.  For  nine 
years  he  was  Town  Treasurer  of  Monroe,  Perry  county 
and  has  held  other  local  offices.  He  has  always  been  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  is  one  of  its  ablest 
and  most  active  workers.  Throughout  his  life  he  has 
travelled  considerably ; has  visited  every  .State  in  the 


Union,  also  the  West  Indies,  Mexico,  Central  America  and 
the  isle  of  Cuba.  He  was  married,  November  20th,  1847, 
to  Miss  Wilson,  of  Guernsey  county,  who  died  February 
23d,  1S50.  He  was  again  married  in  March,  1853,  to 
Miss  Hartley,  of  Athens  county,  Ohio. 


HOMAS,  REV.  THOMAS  E.,  D.  D.,  was  born 
in  Chelmsford,  now  a suburb  of  London,  Eng- 
land, December  23d,  1812.  His  father,  Thomas 
Thomas,  was  of  Welsh  descent.  While  a poor 
lad,  engaged  in  the  humblest  farm  labor,  his 
piety  and  talent  for  extempore  speaking  attracted 
the  attention  of  a gentleman  of  wealth  and  liberality,  who 
offered  to  assist  him  in  obtaining  an  education  and  prepar- 
ing himself  for  the  ministry.  His  offer  was  gratefully  ac- 
cepted by  Mr.  Thomas,  who  went  at  once  to  London  and 
entered  Hoxton  College.  Though  unable  to  write  when 
he  reached  London,  his  industry  and  perseverance  carried 
him  rapidly  through  the  elementary  to  the  collegiate  and 
theological  studies;  and  he  was  licensed  to  preach  in  two 
years  after  he  entered  the  college.  He  settled  first  in 
Chelmsford,  and  soon  after  married  Elizabeth  Robinson, 
the  daughter  of  a London  merchant.  Here  their  eldest  son 
w'as  born.  He  inherited  from  his  father  a clear  and  pow'cr- 
ful  mind,  a poetic  imagination  and  eloquent  speech  ; from 
his  mother  a fine  physical’  constitution  and  indomitable  en- 
ergy and  perseverance.  From  both  his  parents  he  received 
a conscientious  and  thorough  training.  His  father  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1818.  Landing  in  Baltimore  he  came 
to  Cincinnati,  and  there  jtreached  for  two  years  to  wdiat  is 
now  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church.  He  finally  settled 
in  Venice,  Butler  county,  where  he  had  charge  of  an  inde- 
pendent church,  conducted  a private  school  and  engaged  at 
different  times  in  missionary  labor  throughout  southern 
Ohio  and  Indiana.  Prepared  for  college  by  his  father,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  entered  Miami  University  in  1829, 
and  graduated  in  1834.  He  made  a profession  of  faith  in 
Christ  in  1831,  and  soon  after  resolved  to  devote  his  life  to 
the  service  of  God  in  the  ministry.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1836,  and  immediately  accepted  the  charge  of  the 
church  at  Harrison.  In  1838  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  in  Hamilton,  Ohio..  Here  he  labored 
for  ten  years  with  marked  ability  and  success.  He  W'as 
elected  President  of  Hanover  College,  Indiana,  in  1849, 
receiving  his  doctorate  from  Wabash  College  in  1850.  In 
1854  he  resigned  this  position  to  accejrt  the  chair  of  Bibli- 
cal Literature  and  Exegesis  in  New  Albany  Theological 
Seminary.  In  1857  the  seminary  was  removed  to  Chicago, 
and  the  two  Professors,  Drs.  McMaster  and  Thomas,  were 
laid  aside  on  account  of  their  anti-slavery  sentiments.  Dr. 
Thomas  filled  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Church,  in  New 
Albany,  as  stated  supply,  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when 
he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 


398 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOP.RDIA. 


of  Dayton,  Ohio.  Here,  for  thirteen  years,  he  devoted  his 
matured  powers,  his  wide  stores  of  knowledge,  and  Ids  un- 
wearied etforls  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  1871  he 
was  elected  to  the  chair  of  New  Testament  Greek  and 
Exegesis  in  Lane  Theological  Seminary;  supplying,  at  the 
same  time,  the  pulpit  of  the  Broadway  Presbyterian  Church, 
Cincinnati,  and  aflerwards  the  pulpit  of  the  Walnut  Hills 
Church,  near  the  seminary.  In  the  fourth  year  of  his 
labors  in  the  seminary,  he  was  called  to  enter  into  rest. 
Physically,  Dr.  Thomas  was  of  medium  stature,  strong  in 
constitution  and  solidly  built.  His  voice  was  feeble,  yet 
melodious.  He  was  a man  of  great  force  and  earnestness 
of  character;  an  eloquent,  logical,  and  polished  speaker; 
an  instructive,  devout,  and  impassioned  preacher.  He  was 
a prominent  and  fearless  advocate  of  the  anti-slavery  cause, 
when  it  was  at  no  little  cost  that  one  could  avow  and  defend 
such  opinions;  and  he  was  very  influential  in  carrying  the 
Presbyterian  Church  to  the  position  it  now  occupies  on  this 
question.  Throughout  his  life  he  was  an  enthusiastic 
teacher,  whether  from  the  pulpit,  the  platform,  or  the  class- 
room ; and  he  was  eminently  successful  in  teaching.  As  a 
theologian.  Dr.  Thomas  held  the  Calvinistic  opinions  ex- 
pressed in  the  confession  of  faith  of  the  church  which  he 
represented.  But  he  was  ever  distinguished  for  his  liberal- 
ity and  fraternal  feeling  towards  evangelical  Christians  of 
all  denominations.  His  remains  rest  in  Woodland  Ceme- 
tery, near  Dayton.  “After  he  had  served  his  own  genera- 
tion, by  the  will  of  God,  he  fell  in  sleep.” 


I 

7-^ 


r? 

O/D 


E.\SLEE,  JOHN  B.,  Superintendent  of  the  Public 
Schools  of  Cincinnati,  is  a native  of  Plaiston, 
New  Hampshire,  at  which  place  he  was  born, 
September  3d,  1S42.  His  family,  which  bears  a 
stainless  reputation  for  honesty  and  integrity,  is 
one  of  the  oldest  in  that  State.  His  ancestors, 
who  landed  at  the  port  of  Newbury  in  1640,  were  among 
the  first  inhabitants  of  northeastern  Massachusetts,  and 
pioneers  in  the  settlement  of  southern  and  central  New 
Hmipshire.  Belonging  to  the  Society  of  Friends,  they 
suffered  in  common  with  their  sect  the  indignities  and 
proscriptions  born  of  the  religious  intolerance  of  colonial 
times.  Of  such  circumstances,  natural  and  artificial,  as  the 
Quaker  pioneers  were  subject  to,  is  born  the  highest  order 
of  manhood.  Persecution,  when  that  persecution  is  met 
with  the  spirit  exhibited  by  that  religious  sect,  is  invariably 
the  mother  of  courage,  fortitude,  and  self-reliance.  In 
visiting  curses  upon  the  fathers  it  lavishes  blessings  upon 
the  children,  as  bear  witness  the  vigorous  manhood  of 
later  generations  of  this  family,  a family  noted,  for  private 
worth  and  not  undistinguished  in  the  more  extended  walks 
of  life.  From  it  the  professions  have  drawn  some  of  their 
most  useful  and  reputable  members.  Of  recent  years  it 
would  perhaps  be  difficult  to  find  a man  more  esteemed. 


1 


both  in  public  and  in  private,  as  a citizen,  lawyer,  judge, 
and  second  executive  officer  of  the  State,  than  Daniel 
Peaslee,  of  Vermont.  As  a practical  surgeon  and  as  a 
wiiter  on  the  subject  of  surgery,  Edmund  R.  Peaslee,  of 
New  York,  has  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  medical 
profession.  Its  ministers  have  been  numerous  and  an  honor 
to  the  profession.  The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  was  for  many 
years  a leading  man  in  the  State.  He  w'as  a strenuous 
advocate  of  advanced  legislation,  and  in  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1850  he  took  a prominent  part  in  the  legisla- 
tion which  dispensed  wdth  religious  and  property  qualifica- 
tions for  office-holding.  His  son,  having  obtained  all  the 
benefits  of  the  home  district  schobl,  entered  the  academy 
at  Atkinson,  New  Hampshire,  from  which,  after  completing 
the  course,  he  passed  to  the  Gilmonton  Academy,  an  in- 
stitution of  considerable  celebrity  at  that  time,  and  was 
graduated  therefrom  in  1858.  The  succeeding  year  he  wms 
admitted  to  Dartmouth  College,  from  w’hich  he  was  gradu- 
ated with  honor  in  1S63.  His  oration  at  the  commence- 
ment, on  the  subject  of  the  Polish  Revolution,  was  gener- 
ally noticed  by  the  Eastern  press  as  exceedingly  able  and 
learned.  Having  completed  his  collegiate  course,  upon 
the  recommendation  of  President  Lord,  he  w'as  chosen 
Principal  of  the  Grammar  .School  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  The 
duties  of  this  position  he  performed  wdth  such  unifoim 
faithluluess  and  success  as  to  evoke  the  highest  respect  and 
esteem  of  his  school  patrons,  and  to  cause  his  resignation  to 
be  deeply  and  universally  regretted.  From  Columbus  Mr. 
Peaslee,  in  the  fall  of  1864,  w'ent  to  Cincinnati  to  assume 
the  position  of  First  Assistant  in  the  Third  District  School 
of  that  city.  During  the  three  years  wdiich  he  held  this 
position,  he  had  the  honor  of  passing  his  pupils  to  the  inter- 
mediate schools  at  the  head  of  the  city,  a fact  the  more  to 
his  credit  as  during  a part  of  this  time  he  w'as  a member 
of  the  Cincinnati  Law  School.  In  1865  he  graduated  from 
the  Law  School  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Hamilton 
county.  Two  years  later  he  was  made  Principal  of  the 
Fifth  District  School,  a situation  which  he  filled  with  such 


success  as  greatly  to  increase  the  honorable  popularity 
already  won,  and  secure  his  election  to  the  first  place  in  the 
Second  Intermediate  School  in  1869.  Here  he  remained 
till  elected  to  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  Schools  in 
1S74.  This  election,  considering  the  carefulness  with 
! wdiich  educational  bodies  select  their  highest  executive 
officer,  the  respect  they  pay  to  talent,  and  their  uncom- 
promising antipathy  to  inefficiency,  must  be  taken  as  a 
valuable  and  just  testimonial  to  his  superior  worth.  More- 
over, it  is  a fact,  though  not  generally  recognized,  that  few 
positions,  calling  for  high  executive  ability,  are  filled  more 
ably  than  that  of  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  the  leading 
cities  of  the  United  States.  The  occupants  of  this  position 
are,  almost  invariably,  men  of  broad  culture  and  excellent 
understanding.  The  flourishing  condition  of  the  Cincinnati 
schools,  and  the  high  tone  of  the  instruction  therein  under 


^^dlary  Pjili  Cc 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


399 


his  superintendence,  are  ample  assurance  that  he  embodies 
the  higher  characteristics  of  his  office.  Mr.  Peaslee  is  also 
a member  of  the  Slate  Board  of  E.xaminers,  of  which  body 
he  is  now  the  President.  In  the  schools,  since  assuming 
the  duties  of  Superintendent,  he  has  wrought  many  long- 
needed  reforms,  for  an  understanding  of  the  nature  of 
which  his  e.xtended  experience  in  teaching,  and  consequent 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  child  capacity,  had  eminently 
fitted  him,  while  his  originality  of  conception  and  inherent 
independence  of  action  have  peculiarly  qualified  him  for 
carrying  his  projects  into  successful  execution.  1 he  cram- 
ming process,  as  a consequence,  has,  so  far  as  time  would 
allow,  disappeared,  and  with  it  the  injudicious  selection  of 
work.  Concerning  complex  trails  of  character,  it  may  be 
said  of  Mr.  Peaslee — -as  of  every  man  that  has  ever  been  the 
subject  of  biographical  review — the  record  of  his  life  is  a 
problem  from  which  they  are  readily  de'ermined.  Solving, 
we  shall  find  him  possessed  of  a character  for  industry 
comprehending  faithfulness  yet  transcending  it,  and  of  a 
perseverance  both  energetic  and  untiring.  Personal  con- 
tact with  the  man  reveals  immense  social  and  professional 
enthusiasm,  noble  generosity,  and  a fine  and  .sympathetic 
nature.  He  is  a man  of  positive  character  and  magnetic 
influence;  one  who,  having  taken  a position,  maintains  it 
with  his  w’hole  strength.  To  these  qualities  must  be  added 
that  high  sense  of  honor  which  forbids  the  sacrifice  of 
principle  to  policy.  To  summarize,  we  find  in  him  the 
distinguishing  attributes  of  the  excellent  official  and  the 
worthy  citizen. 

ERRV,  NATHAN,  Pioneer  Merchant  of  Cleveland, 
w'as  born,  in  1786,  in  Connecticut,  and  died,  June 
24th,  1865,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  His  father. 
Judge  Nathan  Perry,  first  came  from  Connecticut 
to  Ohio  in  1796,  and  continued  during  that  sea- 
son with  the  surveyors,  who  were  engaged  in 
running  the  boundaries  of  that  portion  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve lying  on  the  ea.st  side  of  the  Cuyahoga  river.  The 
judge  removed  with  his  family  to  Cleveland  in  1806. 
When  Cuyahoga  county  was  organized  in  1809,  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  judges  of  the  new  county.  He  died  in 
1813,  leaving  four  children,  a daughter  who  married  Peter 
M.  Weddell,  and  three  sons:  Horatio,  who  settled  in 
Lorain  county;  Horace,  who  wa.s  for  many  years  county 
clerk  and  recorder  of  Cuyahoga  county,  and  who  died  in 
1835,  very  generally  respected  and  esteemed,  and  Nathan, 
who  settled  at  Black  river  in  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  in  1804, 
and  engaged  in  trade  at  that  place.  With  great  difficulty 
he  mastered  the  Indian  dialect,  and  built  up  an  extensive 
trade  with  the  tribes,  which  occupied  all  the  territory  west 
of  the  Cuyahoga  river.  An  incident  of  his  life,  given  in 
the  “ Historical  Collections  of  Ohio,”  relates  that  in  the 
spring  of  1807  a fishing  expedition  set  out  from  Cleveland 
for  Maumee  river.  The  vessel  was  a. Canadian  bateau,  on 


j board  of  which  there  were  goods,  “ sent  by  Major  Perry  to 
his  son  Nathan,  at  Black  river,  and  a hired  woman  named 
Mary,  as  a passenger  to  that  place.”  The  bateau  was 
wrecked  opposite  what  is  now  the  township  of  Dover,  and 
all  hands  were  lost  save  a Mr.  Plumb,  who  escaped  by 
straddling  the  capsized  boat  and  floating  ashore,  where  he 
remained,  nearly  perished  with  cold  and  exhaustion,  untd 
I news  of  the  disaster  reached  Black  river,  when  Nathan 
Perry  and  Quintus  F.  Atkins  went  to  that  place  in  the  night, 
and  lighting  torches,  found  Mr.  Plumb  at  the  foot  of  a 
perpendicular  cliff,  and  hauled  him  up  its  face  by  means  of 
a rope — no  easy  task  for  men  already  worn  down  with  the 
fatigue  of  a night’s  travel.  In  1808  he  removed  from 
Black  river  to  Cleveland,  and  began  trading  at  that  place, 
where  for  over  twenty  years  he  w'as  the  leading  merchant. 
His  store  and  house  were  under  one  roof,  on  the  corner  of 
Superior  and  Water  streets,  where  is  now  located  the  Sec- 
ond National  Bank  building.  A few'  years  later,  a brick 
store  and  dwelling  were  erected  on  the  lot,  it  being  the 
third  brick  building  in  Cleveland.  On  one  occasion  he 
took  twelve  thousand  dollars  worth  of  furs  to  New  York, 
and  followed  the  wagon  containing  them  from  Buffalo  to 
New  York,  where  he  encountered  John  Jacob  Astor,  who 
was  anxious  to  learn  his  price  of  the  furs.  He  was  sharply 
informed  that  he  could  not  have  them  at  any  price,  for  he 
had  made  up  his  mind  that  he  could  do  better  with  any 
other  person  than  with  Mr.  Astor,  who  was  at  that  lime  the 
great  fur  merchant  of  the”  country.  Having  a strong  con- 
stitution, great  enei'gy  and  enterprise,  he  was  well  qualified 
to  encounter  and  overcome  hardships,  exposures,  and  perils 
incident  to  the  frontier  life  of  the  pioneer  merchant  of  Ohio. 
The  merchant  of  that  day  transported  his  goods  from 
Philadelphia  to  Pittsburgh  in  wagotrs,  and  thence  to  Cleve- 
land on  pack  horses  or  by  ox-team ; and  then  barter'ed 
them  with  the  Indians  for  all  kinds  of  commodities.  Mr. 
Perry  formed  an  opinion  at  once,  and  therr  rarely  yielded 
it.  He  was  never  known  to  relent  or  change  his  decision. 
When  those  lips  were  once  firmly  compressed,  it  was  under- 
stood that  there  was  no  use  of  further  talking,  as  the  case 
was  decided.  The  char  ter  for  the  village  of  Cleveland  was 
granted  in  December,  1814,  and  he  was  one  of  the  trustees 
elected  at  the  first  village  election  in  the  following  June. 
He  invested  largely  in  real  estate,  which  increased  in  value 
enormously,  and  made  him,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  very 
wealthy.  A large  portion  of  his  extensive  real  estate  pos- 
sessions in  the  heart  of  the  city  were  purchased  at  fr'om 
five  to  ten  dollars  per  acre.  His  last  illness  was  of  about 
five  weeks  duration.  Paralysis  set  in  first  in  the  lower  ex- 
tremities, and  gradually  w'orked  up  until  it  reached  his 
heart.  He  was  married  in  1816  to  a daughter  of  Cajrtain 
Abram  Skinner,  of  Painesville.  His  .son,  Oliver  Hazard, 
^ named  after  Commodor  e O.  H.  Perry,  the  hero  of  the  battle 
j of  Lake  Erie,  and  a distant  relative  of  the  family,  met  with 
a melarrcholy  death  from  a railroad  accident,  in  December, 
I 1864.  His  only  daughter  was  married  to  Hon.  H.  B. 


400 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


Payne,  of  Cleveland.  His  eldest  grandson  and  namesake, 
Hon.  Nathan  P.  Payne,  was  elected  Mayor  of  Cleveland  in 
April,  1875. 

G/^gs 

2 ^ MITH,  SAMUEL  MITCHEL,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
was  born  in  Greenfield,  Highland  county,  Ohio, 
on  November  28th,  1816.  He  was  the  only 
child  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Mitchel)  Smith. 
His  mother  dying  a few  days  after  his  birth,  he 
lived  several  years  with  his  grandparents,  when 
his  father  was  again  married  to  Sarah  Galloway,  sister  of 
the  late  Hon.  Samuel  Galloway,  and  took  him  home.  He 
spent  his  youth  with  his  father’s  family  on  the  farm  and 
attending  public  school  until  he  arrived  at  the  age  for 
preparation  for  college,  when  he  was  placed  under  the  in- 
struction of  Dr.  Carulhers,  a man  of  wisdom  and  learning. 
During  this  time  he  received  the  impressions  and  cultivated 
the  principles  which  exerted  such  an  influence  on  the  years 
of  his  maturity.  He  was  very  early  in  life  associated  with 
the  little  band  that  patiently  worked  long  before  the  abolition 
of  slavery  was  generally  contemplated  as  probable  or  even 
possible.  In  the  fall  of  1832  he  entered  Miami  University, 
at  Oxford,  and  graduated  in  1836  in  the  class  with  Hon. 
William  Dennison,  John  G.  Deshler,  Chauncy  N.  Olds, 
George  M.  Parsons,  and  other  prominent  citizens  of  Colum- 
bus. During  one  of  his  vacations  Dr.  Smith  assisted  in 
nursing  the  son  of  a neighbor,  and  becoming  impressed  with 
the  idea  that  a physician  had  a wide  field  of  usefulness,  he 
shaped  his  thoughts  with  the  ultimate  view  of  studying  medi- 
cine. After  his  graduation  he  determined  to  devote  his 
attention  fora  time  to  teaching.  His  friend.  Professor  Mc- 
Ciuffey,  recommended  him  to  a school  in  Kentucky.  He 
went  to  that  State  with  the  intention  of  availing  himself  of 
the  recommendation,  but  while  remaining  one  night  at  a 
hotel  he  heard  the  cries  of  a woman  undergoing  punishment 
incident  to  the  times  of  slavery.  Such  associations  were 
revolting  to  him,  and  he  determined  to  cast  his  lot  in  a free 
State.  He  crossed  the  river  to  Rising  Sun,  Indiana,  and 
assumed  charge  of  the  academy  there.  He  taught  for  two 
years,  attending  one  course  of  medical  lectures  in  Cincinnati 
during  the  time,  and  reading  with  Dr.  Morrison,  of  Rising 
Sun.  After  a second  course  of  lectures  in  Cincinnati  he 
went  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  gr.aduated  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  the  same  city  he  connected  himself 
with  the  Old  School  Presbyterian  Church.  In  after  years 
he  was  an  elder  in  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Co- 
lumbus, during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Mr.  Hitchcock.  After 
supplying  himself  with  a stock  of  medicines,  a proceeding 
indispensable  in  the  profession  at  that  day,  he  went  to  his 
home  in  Highland  county.  While  undecided  as  to  where 
he  should  locate,  he  heard  of  a vacancy  in  the  Central  Ohio 
Lunatic  Asylum,  then  under  the  superintendence  of  Dr. 
William  M.  Awl,  of  Columbus,  and  secured  the  appointment 
of  Assistant  Physician,  entering  upon  his  duties  about  the 


1st  of  August,  1840.  He  remained  in  this  position  about 
three  years,  entering  earnestly  into  the  duties  of  his  office, 
and  taking  a warm  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  asylum.  He 
planted  many  of  the  trees  that  now  adorn  East  Park  Place, 
formerly  the  asylum  grounds.  Erom  the  practical  knowl- 
edge he  gained  here  he  was  enabled  to  give  special  attention 
to  the  subject  of  insanity  in  his  subsequent  practice.  On  the 
loth  of  July,  1843,  a.sylum  to  enter  upon  his  gen- 

eral practice  of  medicine  in  Columbus.  During  that  summer 
he  was  married  to  Susan  H.  Anthony,  eldest  daughter  of 
Hon.  Charles  Anthony,  of  Springfield.  He  continued  in 
the  practice  of  medicine,  his  business  growing,  and  when 
Willoughby  Medical  College  was  removed  to  this  city  he 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  materia  medica.  At  the  time 
of  the  establishment  of  Starling  Medical  College,  about  the 
year  1848,  he  was  appointed  by  Lyne  Starling  a member  of 
the  first  Board  of  Trustees,  and  during  his  subsequent  con- 
tinuous connection  with  the  college  served  at  different  times 
as  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Professor  of  Theory  and 
Practice,  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty.  In  1873  he  was  ap- 
pointed Emeritus  Professor  in  the  college.  During  the 
memorable  cholera  scourge  of  1849  Dr.  Smith  was  unceas- 
ing, faithful  and  fearless  in  his  practice,  and  passed  through 
like  labor  again  in  1859.  He  was  appointed  by  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  then  Governor  of  Ohio,  Trustee  of  the  Central  Ohio 
Lunatic  Asylum,  in  which  position  he  served  for  eighteen 
years,  most  of  the  time  as  President  of  the  Board.  When 
the  war  broke  out  he  was  anxious  to  enter  the  army,  but 
was  persuaded  that  he  could  do  better  service  in  othe?  ways. 
He  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  Army  Sur- 
geons at  Camp  Chase,  and  took  charge  of  several  expeditions 
to  bring  home  wounded  soldiers — one  trip  to  Fort  Dennison, 
five  to  Pittsburgh  Landing,  one  to  Nashville,  and  one  to 
Stone  river.  On  his  return  from  one  of  these  trips  he 
Irrought  an  oak  sapling  which  had  been  split  by  a cannon 
ball,  and  planted  it  in  Capitol  Square,  where  it  is  now 
growing.  He  was  appointed  Surgeon-General  of  Ohio  by 
Governor  Tod,  and  during  his  term  had  heavy  work  in 
sending  surgeons  to  the  field  and  attending  to  his  large  gen- 
eral practice.  Among  his  other  services  of  a public  char- 
acter, Dr.  Smith  was  Examiner  of  Pensions,  and  while  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties  kept  a valuable  record  of  dif- 
ferent accounts  of  battles  given  by  the  soldiers  applying  for 
pensions.  He  was  also  Physician  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institute.  In  1865  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
Ohio  State  yournal,  in  association  with  his  son-in-law,  the 
present  editor.  General  Comly.  In  politics  he  was  a warm 
Republican,  making  political  speeches  occasionally,  and  in 
1871  he  allowed  his  name  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the 
State  Senatorship.  In  the  summer  of  1872  he  made  a visit 
to  Europe,  and  attended  as  a delegate  the  International 
Prison  Reform  Convention  in  I.ondon,  where  his  views 
were  received  with  warm  approbation.  At  the  time  he  left 
for  Europe  he  was  in  declining  health,  and  expected  benefit 
from  the  trip,  but  this  he  did  not  receive,  and  under  sore 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOICEDI A. 


401 


domestic  affliction  he  failed  perceptibly.  He  still  continued 
his  practice,  although  much  enfeebled ; delivered  the  most 
of  his  course  of  lectures  at  the  college,  and  commenced  the 
final  examination  in  March,  when  his  task  was  interrupted 
by  a stroke  of  paralysis,  which  affected  the  muscles  of  his 
face,  but  in  no  way  inv'olved  his  mind.  He  spent  some 
months  in  New  Orleans,  receiving  benefit,  and  returned 
home  in  June.  He  died  November  30th,  1874,  aged  fifty- 
eight  years.  Dr.  Smith  was  an  untiring  worker,  a man  of 
large  intellectual  capacity  and  extensive  and  profound 
knowledge.  He  was  a student  all  his  life,  keeping  pace 
with  the  advancement  of  his  profession.  With  a broad  com- 
prehension of  the  duties  entailed  on  those  who  care  for  the 
sick,  and  with  conscientious  application  to  those  duties,  he 
was  a man  capable  of  doing  great  good,  and  never  lost  an 
opportunity  of  exercising  his  powers  until  his  unceasing 
vigilance  undermined  his  health.  He  was  an  active  helper 
of  young  men,  and  systematic  and  liberal  in  his  charities. 
One  of  his  special  desires  was  the  establishment  of  a city 
hospital,  and  he  was  always  ready  to  extend  aid  to  it.  In 
all  his  relations  in  life  he  was  honorable,  faithful  and  kind. 


OBLE,  COLONEL  JOHN,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  November  15th,  1789.  He 
was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  From  his  native 
place  he  removed  in  early  years  with  his  father’s 
family  to  Emmittsburg,  P'rederick  county,  Mary- 
land, growing  to  manhood  in  a mechanical  pur- 
suit. He  found  the  old  institution  of  slavery  chafed  his 
free  and^  independent  spirit,  and  induced  his  father  to  emi- 
grate to  Ohio,  where  they  arrived  in  1811.  He  first  passed 
through  Lancaster  on  the  3d  of  May,  181 1,  more  than  sixty 
years  ago,  and  after  seeing  his  father  and  mother  located  on 
a beautiful  farm  near  Tarlton,  Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  he 
returned  to  Lancaster  to  commence  his  long  and  active 
career.  P'ull  of  the  enterprise  and  energy  so  well  suited  to 
pioneer  life,  he  soon  made  himself  known  and  felt  as  a 
valuable  accession  to  the  new  and  growing  town.  He  did 
not  limit  himself  to  one  pursuit,  but  engaged  in  many.  Me- 
chanical and  mercantile  ventures  were  his  earliest  endeavors 
— at  one  time  pushing  his  business  at  home,  again  going  to 
the  frontier  among  the  army  with  merchandise,  or  away 
down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers  with  flatboat  loads  of 
produce  and  wares,  he  seemed  endowed  with  the  energy 
of  many.  At  home  he  was  always  ready  to  take  a leading 
])art  with  his  fellow-citizens  in  the  necessary  improvements 
to  be  made  on  schools,  market-places,  etc.,  or  join  in  cele- 
brating an  anniversary  or  the  beginning  of  any  public  work. 
Thus  his  early  manhood  passed.  In  1819  he  commenced 
hotel-keeping  in  Lancaster.  This  business  in  later  years 
took  him  to  Columbus,  thence  to  Cincinnati,  and  gave  him 
at  one  time  the  largest  acquaintance  in  the  .State.  In  March, 
1832,  he  first  came  to  Columbus  to  take  charge  of  the  old 

5« 


National  Hotel,  the  forerunner  of  the  present  Neil  House. 
This  house  he  kept  until  1839,  at  a time  when  all  the  East- 
ern and  Western  travel  passed  through  Columbus  in  stage- 
coaches along  the  National  road.  Thousands  who  became 
settlers  of  Ohio  and  other  Western  States  thus  made  the  per- 
sonal acquaintance  of  Colonel  Noble,  and  remember  him 
with  pleasure.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  and  took 
charge  of  the  Dennison  House,  remaining  there  until  1845. 
He  then  returned  to  Columbus,  and  represented  Franklin 
county  in  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives.  In  1847  he 
took  the  Pearl  .Street  House  in  Cincinnati,  keeping  it  until 
1850, .when  he  returned  to  Columbus  for  his  permanent 
home.  In  the  hotel  busine.ss  he  became  widely  known  in 
southern  Ohio,  where  he  had  a large  body  of  friends  ever 
ready  to  greet  him  warmly  when  he  visited  there,  as  he  did 
a few  months  before  his  death.  This  brief  outline  will  give 
an  idea  of  the  private  pursuits  in  which  he  was  engaged,  but 
will  convey  only  a partial  impression  of  his  busy  life.  While 
in  Columbus  he  served  for  many  years  as  a member  of  the 
City  Council,  part  of  the  time  as  President.  He  was  the  first 
person  who  undertook  to  improve  Broad  street,  which  from 
Fourth  to  Fifth  was  an  almost  impassable  swamp,  He  also 
was  one  of  the  committee  to  plant  the  trees  that  make  it  so 
beautiful  now.  He  rejoiced  in  any  advance  of  city.  State 
or  nation,  and  without  any  inclination  to  be  a politician,  he 
was  a large-hearted,  spirited,  patriotic  citizen,  ready  to  par- 
ticipate in  every  good  work.  He  also  wrote  and  published 
sketches  of  his  early  experience  and  recollections  in  the  local 
papers.  The  characteristics  of  Colonel  Noble  were  energy, 
self-reliance,  strict  integrity  and  independence.  He  had  no 
vices.  He  died  January  23d,  1871,  aged  eighty-two  years. 
The  military  title  was  aerjuired  after  the  war  of  1812,  at  the 
time  when  there  was  a general  reorganization  of  the  volun- 
teer militia  of  Ohio. 


YMMES,  HON.  JOHN  CLEVES,  was  born  at 
Riverhead,  on  Long  Island,  July  21st,  1742.  Re- 
ceiving a good  but  not  classic  education,  he  be- 
came a school-teacher  and  surveyor.  In  the  war 
of  the  Revolution  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
colonists,  though  in  what  capacity  he  served  is  not 
known.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Saratoga.  After  the  war 
he  removed  to  New  Jersey,  where  he  became  Chief-Justice 
of  the  State,  and  at  one  time  represented  it  in  Congress.  As 
early  as  1787  he  began  to  negotiate  for  the  purchase  of  lands 
in  the  Northwest  Territory.  The  coveted  land,  about  one 
million  acres,  lay  between  the  two  Miamis.  P'inally  a con- 
tract for  this  number  of  acres  was  signed  by  himself  and 
others,  at  sixty-six  cents  per  acre,  payable  in  instalments. 
But  the  troubled  state  of  the  country,  caused  by  hostility  of 
the  Indians  to  the  proposed  settlement,  led  to  their  failure 
in  fulfilling  the  terms  of  the  contract.  But  in  the  s|iring  of 
1794  he  and  others  effected  the  irurchase  of  248,000  acres. 
In  the  meantime  he  had  taken  up  his  residence  at  North 


402 


BIOGkAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 


Bend,  which  town  he  had  founded,  and  which  in  the  pio- 
neer days  was  the  rival  of  Cincinnati.  He  took  up  his  resi- 
dence there  in  the  spring  of  1789.  He  was  among  the  most 
energetic  and  influential  of  the  early  pioneers,  and  had  a 
method  of  dealing  with  the  Indians  which  made  them  more 
friendly  toward  him  than  to  the  great  majority  of  his  white 
brethren.  Indeed  he  was  more  than  once  assured  by  these 
children  of  the  forest  that  his  life  had  been  thus  far  spared 
because  of  his  kindness  to  them.  He  died  at  Cincinnati, 
February  26th,  1814,  having  passed  the  allotted  threescore 
and  ten.  He  was  buried  at  North  Bend,  where  a quarter 
of  a century  later  were  laid  the  remains  of  President  Har- 
rison. A part  of  the  inscription  on  his  tomb  reads  that  he 
“ made  the  first  settlement  between  the  Miami  rivers.” 


'NRIGHT,  MICHAEL  J.,  Clerk  of  Courts  in  Lucas 
county,  Ohio,  was  born  on  March  5th,  1845, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  of  Irish  parentage.  The  family 
removed  to  Toledo  in  May,  1853,  and  that  place 
continued  to  be  his  home  for  several  years.  His 
early  education  he  received  entirely  at  home  at 
the  hands  of  his  parents,  both  of  whom  were  very  highly 
educated  people,  his  father  having  been  professor  of  lan- 
guages in  an  English  college,  and  his  mother  being  a writer 
of  considerable  note.  In  1859  his  mother  died,  and  soon 
after  that  event  he  was  sent  to  Notre  Dame  University,  in 
Indiana,  where  he  remained  until  1862.  Then  he  took  the 
war  fever,  which  jirevailed  so  universally  among  the  youth 
of  the  whole  country,  and  study  and  school  were  unsuited 
to  his  mood.  He  returned  to  Toledo,  and  without  his  father’s 
knowledge  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  the  tilth  Regiment 
Ohio  Infantry.  He  was  a young  soldier,  being  only  seventeen 
years  old  at  the  time  of  his  enlistment,  but  he  proved  to  be 
a good  one.  He  went  with  his  regiment  to  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio,  under  General  Buell,  and  participated  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  that  army.  He  took  part  in  the  pursuit  and  cap- 
ture of  lohn  Morgan,  the  bold  raider  ; in  the  E.ist  Tennessee 
campaign  of  General  Burnside;  in  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
and  in  the  P'ranklin  and  Nashville  campaigns  under  General 
Thomas.  After  the  battle  of  Nashville  his  regiment  was 
transferred  to  North  Carolina,  and  he  took  part  in  the  cap- 
ture of  Fort  Anderson  and  Wilmington.  He  was  slightly 
wounded  at  Dallas,  and  was  captured  by  Wheeler’s  cavalry 
at  Kingston,  Georgia,  but  made  his  escape  while  crossing 
the  Etowah  river.  He  was  promoted  to  a lieutenancy  for 
meritorious  behavior,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
with  his  regiment  in  1865.  On  leaving  the  army  he  returned 
to  Toledo,  and  obtained  employment  there  as  entry  clerk  in 
a wholesale  di-y -goods  store.  He  continued  in  this  position 
until  1867.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  went  to  New  York, 
and  was  employed  there  first  as  bookkeeper  and  then  as 
manager  of  a wholesale  rectifying  house.  In  the  summer 
of  1 868  he  went  into  business  on  his  own  account  at  Mount 


Vernon,  New  York,  but  did  not  meet  with  success;  so  after 
a brief  experience  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  Toledo,  where 
he  obtained  employment  with  Chase,  Ishervvood  & Co.,  one 
of  the  largest  tobacco  manufacturing  houses  in  the  West. 
In  the  year  1870  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Lucas 
county,  and  in  1872  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  Courts  in  that 
county  on  the  Republican  ticket,  receiving  563  majority. 
In  1875  he  was  re-elected  to  the  position,  receiving  this  time 
a majority  of  1716,  leading  his  ticket  and  scoring  the  largest 
majority  ever  received  by  a Republican  candidate  in  that 
county.  His  father,  who  died  shortly  after  the  son’s  return 
from  the  army,  had  always  been  a pronounced  Democrat, 
but  Michael’s  earliest  political  sympathies  were  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  he  has  always  been  a staunch  ad- 
herent of  that  organization ; and  his  love  of  republican 
principles  and  institutions  is  not  weakened  by  the  recollec- 
tion that  his  mother,  Anna  Theresa  Mahon,  was  a niece 
of  the  late  Sir  Peter  Mahon,  an  officer  of  high  rank  in  the 
British  army  in  India.  Michael  Enright  was  married  in 
1872  to  Amelia  A.  Purdy,  of  Toledo,  Ohio. 


OREY,  REY.  ALEXANDER  B.,  was  born,  No- 
vember 13th,  1837,  in  Mechanicsville,  Saratoga 
county.  New  York,  and  is  of  Scotch  and  Irish 
descent.  In  1853  he  completed  his  academic 
course  at  Cambridge,  Washington  county,.  New 
York,  and  three  years  later  his  collegiate  course 
by  graduating  from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York. 
He  then  spent  one  year  teaching  and  travelling  in  Missis- 
sippi. The  Albany  Presbytery  licensed  him  to  preach  in 
1859,  and  in  i860  he  graduated  at  the  Theological  School 
at  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  He  then  spent  six  months  as  a 
missionary  in  southern  Illinois,  and  at  the  expiration  of  that 
time  was  settled  as  the  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Franklin,  Indiana,  where  he  remained  eleven  years.  On 
the  first  Sunday  of  May,  1871,  he  became  the  pastor  of  the 
Fifth  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cincinnati,  where  he  is  still 
retained  and  dearly  beloved  by  all  of  his  people.  Mr. 
Morey  is  remarkable  for  his  clear  and  logical  reasoning  in 
the  pulpit ; for  the  very  radical  position  he  has  always  main- 
tained, taking  advanced  grounds  in  religion,  advocating  the 
rights  of  women,  especially  to  preach  in  the  pulpit.  In  1874, 
in  opposition  to  nearly  all  of  the  Presbyterian  clergymen  of 
Cincinnati,  he  introduced  in  his  pulpit  Miss  Sarah  Smiley, 
who  preached  a most  eloquent  sermon.  The  church  was 
crowded  long  before  it  was  time  for  the  services  to  begin, 
and  hundreds  were  unable  to  gain  admittance.  He  has  also 
advocated  lay  preaching,  although  in  this  he  has  had  many 
powerful  ministers  of  his  denomination  to  oppose  him.  He 
has  always  been  a most  reliable  friend  and  advocate  of  the 
temperance  reform.  When  the  Sons  of  Temperance  can  find 
no  other  orator  they  are  sure  of  Mr.  Morey’s  eloquent  ser- 
vices. In  the  Sabbath -school  he  is  perhaps  the  most  ener- 


B 1 0( R A P H I C A L E N C V C LO  P.  E I)  I A . 


403 


getic  and  successful  worker  of  any  pastor  in  the  city.  He 
has  great  influence  with  the  young  people  of  his  church 
and  congregation,  by  whom  he  is  very  higldy  esteemed. 
He  is  by  no  means  ministerial  in  appearance,  but  is  one  of 
the  most  sociable,  genial  and  lovable  men  in  the  city.  He 
was  married,  April  19th,  1861,  to  Josephine  Harman, 
of  Schenectady,  New  York. 


|ERKIN.S,  JACOB,  Capitalist,  was  born  in  Warren, 
Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  .September  1st,  1822,  and 
was  the  second  son  of  Simon  Perkins.  He  was 
of  studious  disposition  from  boyhood,  and  after  a 
thorough  preparation  in  Burton  Academy,  Ohio, 
and  at  Middletown,  Connecticut,  he  entered  Vale 
College,  in  1837.  He  was  noted  among  his  classmates  for 
his  literary  and  oratorical  abilities,  delivering  the  philosophic 
oration  at  his  junior  exhibition,  and  being  chosen  second 
editor  of  the  Yale  Literary  Magazine,  a position  he  filled 
to  the  satisfaction  and  pride  of  his  classmates.  His  strength 
was  not  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  continue  his  studies  and 
other  additional  literary  labor,  and  before  the  close  of  his 
junior  year  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  his  studies,  and 
go  home  without  graduating  with  his  own  class.  The  next 
year,  his  health  having  greatly  improved,  he  returned  and 
graduated  with  the  class  of  1842.  Erom  college,  he  re- 
turned to  his  home  and  remained  in  his  father’s  office  until 
his  father’s  death,  and  then,  with  his  brothers,  was  engaged 
some  time  in  settling  the  large  estate.  He  was  frequently 
called  to  address  the  people  on  public  occasions,  and  always 
most  eloquently.  Early  he  became  interested  in  politics, 
and  made  many  effective  speeches,  advocating  the  principles 
of  the  anti-slavery  siile,  which  at  that  time  was  not  in 
popular  favor.  In  1848  he  made  a very  bold  speech,  de- 
claring that  every  human  being  had  a right  to  own  himself ; 
it  attracted  much  attention,  because  of  its  clearness  and 
unanswerable  arguments.  In  1851  he  was  chosen  by  the 
people  of  his  district  to  represent  them  in  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  which  framed  the  State  Constitution  which  was 
ado|)ted  that  year.  His  political  principles  placed  him  with 
the  minority  in  that  body,  but  his  influence  and  position 
were  equalled  by  very  few  of  those  In  llic  majority.  He 
never  held  but  one  other  political  position,  that  of  Senatorial 
Presidential  Elector  for  Ohio,  in  1856,  on  the  Fremont 
ticket.  Being  an  earnest  friend  to  all  educational  enter- 
prises, it  was  his  suggestion  and  persistence  which  induced 
the  authorities  of  Western  Reserve  College  to  adopt  the 
conditions  of  a permanent  fund  rather  than  to  solicit  un- 
conditional contributions;  and  he  and  his  brothers  made 
the  first  contribution  to  that  fund.  This  permanent  fund 
saved  the  college  in  subsequent  years,  when  the  institution 
became  crippled  and  emliarrassed  by  dissensions.  Another 
noble  and  generous  act  was  in  uniting  with  two  others  in 
purchasing  the  grounds  for  Woodland  Cemetery,  in  Warren, 


and,  after  beautifying  them,  transferring  the  property  to  the 
existing  corporation.  In  1853  work  was  commenced  for 
building  the  Cleveland  &;  Mahoning  Railroad.  The  com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  President,  he  having  been  very  in- 
fluential in  procuring  the  charter,  had  but  a small  stock 
subscription,  and  the  tightening  of  the  money  market  worked 
to  prevent  much  increase.  The  bonds  were  disposed  of 
with  great  difficulty,  and  when  the  financial  crisis  came  the 
road  was  still  unfinished,  and  the  bonds  could  not  be  sold. 
Railroads  which  were  to  connect  with  the  Mahoning,  to 
prolong  the  route  to  the  sea,  were  abandoned,  and  the 
prospects  were  thus  more  gloomy.  One  of  two  things  had 
to  be  done  : either  abandon  the  enterprise  and  lose  all  that 
had  been  done,  or  complete  it,  at  th**  risk  of  the  private 
fortunes  of  the  managers,  from  Cleveland  to  the  coal  fields. 
They  chose  the  latter,  by  Mr.  Perkins  agreeing,  in  case  of 
disaster,  to  pay  the  first  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  of 
loss,  and  to  share  equally  with  the  others  in  any  further  loss. 
In  1854  he  went  to  England  to  raise  money,  but  was  un- 
successful. In  1856  the  road  was  completed  to  Youngs- 
town, and  the  development  of  the  coal  and  iron  business 
commenced.  In  June,  1857,  his  wife,  to  whom  he  was 
most  devotedly  attached,  died  of  consumjrtion  ; and  his 
close  attention  to  her  sick-bed  broke  down  his  constitution. 
The  next  winter  he  spent  in  the  Southern  States,  and  the 
summer  of  1858  he  returned  again  to  the  South;  but  his 
disease  was  beyond  cure,  and  on  the  12th  of  January,  1850, 
he  died  in  Havana,  Cuba.  His  remains  were  embalmed 
and  brought  home,  and  interred  in  his  beautiful  Woodland 
Cemetery,  in  Warren.  Richly  endowed  with  natural  gifts, 
he  sacrificed,  in  the  interest  of  humanity  and  freedom,  all 
hope  of  a political  career  he  was  so  well  fitted  to  adorn. 
He  cheerfully  laid  on  the  altar  for  the  public  benefit,  ease, 
wealth,  health,  and  his  fond  love  of  study.  Oile  of  his  last 
remarks  was  that  on  his  tomb  stone  might  justly  be  en- 
graved : “ Died  of  the  Mahoning  Railroad.”  He  was 
married,  October  24th,  1850,  to  Elizabeth  O.  Tod,  daughter 
of  Dr.  J.  I.  Tod,  of  Milton,  Trumbull  county,  Ohio.  His 
wife  and  two  of  his  three  children  died  before  his  own 
death.  His  son,  Jacob  B.  Perkins,  is  still  living. 


ROOK,  GENER.AI.  GEORGE,  was  born  near 
D.ayton,  Ohio,  September  8th,  1828.  He  entered 
West  Point  in  1848,  and  in  1852  was  appointed 
to  a Brevet  Second  Lieutenancy  in  a regiment 
serving  in  California.  He  saw  much  service  in 
the  Indian  country,  and  was  once  severely 
wounded.  He  was  promoted  to  a Cajitaincy  in  the  regular 
army.  May  4th,  l86l.  Leaving  fsan  h'rancisco  for  New 
York  in  August  of  this  year,  upon  his  arrival  he  was  ten- 
dered the  Colonelcy  of  the  36th  Ohio  Infantry.  Accepting 
the  position,  he  at  once  entered  active  service.  Plarly  in 
the  spring  of  1862  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Third 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXVCLOP.LDIA. 


404 

Brigade  of  the  Army  of  West  Virginia,  and  on  the  24th  of 
May  defeated  the  rebel  General  Heath,  capturing  all  his 
artillery  and  many  of  his  men.  In  July  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  later  took  a prominent 
part  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  P'or 
services  in  these  campaigns  he  was  made  a Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of  Volunteers,  and  placed  in  command  of  the  Kanawha 
Division,  composed  almost  entirely  of  Ohio  troops.  At  the 
retiuest  of  Rosecrans,  in  January,  1863,  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  being  placed  in  command 
of  the  Second  Cavalry  Division.  He  commanded  it  at  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  and  immediately  thereafter  was 
despatched  in  pursuit  of  the  raiding  General  Wheeler, 
whom  he  badly  routed  and  sent  flying  in  confusion.  For 
this  he  was  recommended  for  promotion  by  Thomas  and 
Rosecrans.  In  February,  1S64,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Third  Division,  Department  of  West  Vir- 
ginia. In  the  spring,  with  this  command,  he  displayed  his 
excellent  fighting  qualities,  being  engaged  in  several  battles 
and  innumerable  skirmishes,  and  in  two  months  having 
marched  nine  hundred  miles,  and  crossed  the  Blue  Ridge 
and  Alleghenies  sixteen  times.  He  lost,  in  killed  and 
wounded,  in  this  arduous  campaign  nearly  one-third  of  his 
command,  but  captured  ten  pieces  of  artillery  and  nearly 
two  thousand  prisoners.  On  July  20th,  1864,  he  was  brev- 
etted  Major-General,  and  placed  in  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  West  Virginia.  He  was  ordered  to  follow 
Early  up  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  to  make  his  track  a 
• waste.  With  a small. and  poorly-equipped  force  he  made 
this  attempt,  but  was  met  by  a superior  force  and  driven 
back.  When  Sheridan  organized  the  Army  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, the  Army  of  West  Virginia  became  a part  of  it,  and 
the  commander  of  the  Latter  was  conspicuous  in  all  its 
movements.  For  gallantry  at  the  battles  of  Opequan  and 
Fisher’s  Hill,  he  was  recommended  by  Sheridan  (after  the 
war)  for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major-General  in 
the  regular  army.  After  the  successful  fall  campaign  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley  in  1S64,  he  was  m.ade  a full  Major- 
General  of  Volunteers,  and  his  army  went  into  winter-quar- 
ters. On  the  2 1st  of  February,  1865,  by  the  adroit  move- 
ment of  a party  of  guerillas  in  Federal  uniform,  he  was 
taken  prisoner  from  his  private  room  at  his  head-quarters 
at  Cumberland,  Maryland.  The  guerillas  were  pursued  at 
once,  but  escaped  with  their  prize,  and  it  was  not  until  a 
month  after  that  the  general  was  exchanged.  Returning  to 
his  old  command,  he  was  the  next  day  transferred  to  the 
command  of  the  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He 
bore  a brilliant  and  conspicuous  part  in  the  closing  scenes 
about  Richmond.  After  the  surrender,  when  Sheridan  was 
sent  to  take  command  in  the  Southwest,  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  Cavalry  Corps,  which  he  retained  until 
relieved  at  his  own  request.  In  August.  1865,  he  was  or- 
dered to  report  to  General  Schofield,  in  the  Department  of 
North  Carolina,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
District  of  Wilmington.  On  January  15th,  1866,  he  was 


honorably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  and  again 
entered  the  regular  army,  where  he  at  present  holds  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General.  He  has  been  for  several  years 
on  frontier  duty,  and  but  few  regular  army  officers  have 
been  more  conspicuous  than  he  since  the  close  of  the  war. 
Thoroughly  conversant  with  the  Indian  mode  of  warfare, 
he  is  called  upon  to  direct  some  of  the  most  important 
movements  against  unruly  tribes,  and  has  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  very  few  good  Indian  fighters  in  the  service. 

erf^  5 

' 'core,  DAVID  HASTINGS,  D.D.,  President  of 
Cincinnati  Wesleyan  Female  College,  was  born 
near  Athens,  Ohio,  September  4th,  1838.  His 
(p  ^ father  is  a well-known  and  influential  citizen,  who 
u has  served  honorably  in  various  civil  capacities, 
including  that  of  Representative  in  Congress. 
The  Moores  and  Hastings,  from  whom  he  descended  on 
his  father’s  side,  are  old  Massachusetts  families,  and  his 
maternal  ancestors,  the  Barkers  and  Harpers,  were  also 
Eastern  people.  While  a student  in  college,  David  was 
converted  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1855. 
Soon  thereafter  he  was  licensed,  first  as  exhorter,  then  as 
local  preacher,  and,  under  the  direction  of  his  professors 
and  the  ministers,  preached  very  frequently  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  course.  In  i860  he  graduated  with  honor 
from  the  Ohio  L'niversity.  June  21st,  i860,  he  was  married 
to  Julia  S.  Carpenter,  of  Athens.  In  September  of  the 
same  year  he  was  admitted  at  Gallipolis  as  a probationer 
into  the  Ohio  Conference,  and  sent  to  Bainbridge  circuit. 
One  year  later  he  was  stationed  at  Whitney  Chapel,  Mari- 
etta. The  war  of  the  rebellion  having  broken  out,  he 
stumped  Washington  qounty  under  the  direction  of  the 
Military  Commission,  and  aided  in  recruiting  the  63d  and 
77th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  May,  1S62,  he  volun- 
teered in  a three  months’  company  to  aid  in  defending  the 
national  capital.  The  company  had  a large  proportion  of 
students  from  Marietta  College,  and  when  he  was  elected 
Captain,  two  seniors  were  chosen  lieutenants.  This  event- 
ually became  Company  A of  the  87th  Regiment  of  the 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  After  four  months’  faithful  ser- 
vice, he  shared  in  the  humiliation  of  Miles’ surrender  of 
Harper’s  F’erry.  Having  been  exchanged,  the  regiment 
was  reorganized  for  three  years,  but  failing  to  fill  up,  was 
consolidated  with  another  detachment,  as  the  125th,  a 
regiment  that  General  Thomas  dubbed,  on  the  battle-field 
of  Chickamauga,  the  “ Ohio  Tigers,”  and  which,  under 
Colonel,  afterwards  Major-General,  Opdycke,  achieved  a 
splendid  reputation.  In  the  consolidation  Captain  Moore 
lost  the  position  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  to  which  he  had 
been  assigned.  However,  he  was  suffered  to  remain  out 
but  a short  time,  and  then,  on  the  petition  of  all  the  field 
and  line  officers  of  the  125th,  was  commissioned  by  Gover- 
nor Tod  as  M.ajor,and  detailed  to  recruit  the  two  companies 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


405 


which  the  regiment  still  lacked.  This  he  did,  and  having 
despatched  Company  I to  the  regiment  he  followed  with 
Company  K to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  then  in  East 
Tennessee.  Colonel  Opdycke  having  been  detailed  to 
command  a brigade.  Major  Moore,  promoted  now  to  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonej,  commanded  the  regiment  and  shared  in  the 
trials  and  triumphs  of  the  famous  Atlanta  campaign.  When 
Atlanta  fell,  seeing  the  beginning  of  the  end,  shattered  in 
health  and  feeling  that  he  had  exhausted  his  leave  of  ab- 
sence from  the  pulpit,  he  resigned  his  commLssion  and 
returned  to  civil  life.  He  was  immediately  called  as 
supply  to  Bigelow  Chapel,  Columbus.  In  the  autumn  of 
1865  he  was  stationed  at  Second  Street,  Zanesville;  in 
1868  at  St.  Paul,  Delaware;  in  1870  at  Wesley  Chapel,  Co- 
lumbus; in  1872  transferred  to  Cincinnati  and  stationed  at 
Trinity.  This  important  charge  he  served  until  his  term  ex- 
pired by  limitation,  in  August,  1875.  Meantime  he  had  been 
unanimously  elected  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Wesleyan 
College,  one  of  the  largest  female  colleges  in  the  United 
States.  He  was  inaugurated  June  loth,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  September  l6th,  1875.  On  June  24th,  1875,  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  University  honored  him  by  conferring  the  degree 
of  Diviniiatis  Doctor. 

"^EDRICK,  HENRY,  Insurance  Agent,  was  born 
in  Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  on  December  25th, 
1810,  of  American  and  German  parentage.  About 
the  year  1814  his  father  removed  with  his  family 
from  Kentucky  to  Clarke  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
purchased  a large  tract  of  land  and  established 
himself  thereon  as  a successful  farmer.  He  continued  in 
the  prosperous  cultivation  of  his  farm  until  the  time  of  his 
death.  Henry  received  his  education  at  the  common  schools 
of  the  county,  attending  school  in  the  winter  and  working 
on  his  father’s  farm  in  the  summer  until  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age.  Then  he  commenced  teaching  school  in  the 
village  near  his  father’s  place,  and  continued  teaching  there 
for  six  months.  In  1831,  when  he  had  attained  his  majority, 
he  entered  a mercantile  house  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  and 
after  serving  there  a few  years  as  a clerk  he  became  a part- 
ner in  the  firm.  He  remained  there,  engaged  in  mercantile 
business,  until  the  summer  of  1855.  During  his  residence 
in  Springfield  he  held  most  of  the  offices  in  the  Methodist 
Church.  He  was  Trustee,  Treasurer  and  Secretary  of  the 
Ohio  Conference  High  School,  and  for  more  than  forty 
years,  covering  the  time  of  his  residence  at  Springfield,  and 
a considerable  portion  of  his  subsequent  residence  at  Cin- 
cinnati, he  was  an  active  worker,  as  teacher,  secretary  and 
superintendent  in  the  Sabbath-school.  In  the  fall  of  1855 
he  removed  from  Springfield  to  Cincinnati,  and  there  en- 
gaged in  the  insurance  business.  In  the  year  1863,  in 
connection  with  R.  M.  Bishop,  A.  D.  Bullock,  Lowell 
Pdetcher,  William  F.  Thorne  and  others,  he  organized  the 
Ohio  Valley  P'ire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company,  of  which 


I company  he  was  President  for  three  years,  managing  its 
affairs  with  very  great  success.  Since  January,  1866,  he 
has  given  his  time  and  attention  almost  entirely  to  the  in- 
terests of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New 
York,  the  representative  of  which  he  has  been  since  the 
spring  of  1856.  He  has  conducted  the  business  of  this 
great  corporation  with  great  success  and  in  a manner  satis- 
factory to  all  parties,  and  has  witnessed  and  aided  in  its 
development  from  the  possession  of  assets  amounting  to 
some  53,000,000  to  its  present  condition,  when  its  assets 
amount  to  $75,000,000.  Henry  Hedrick  was  married  on 
the  30th  of  August,  1836,  to  Mary  J.  Werden,  a resident  of 
Springfield,  Ohio. 


I 


OLMES,  ENOS,  Physician,  was  born  on  January 
13th,  1821,  in  Tuscarawas  (now  Carroll)  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  the  fourth  of  a family  of  twelve 
children,  whose  parents  v'ere  Enos  H.  and  Mary 
^ ^ (Wilkins)  Holmes.  On  the  father’s  side  he  is  of 
Scotch  descent,  his  father’s  ancestors  having  emi- 
grated from  Scotland  to  this  country  and  settled  in  New 
Jersey.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Jacob  Holmes,  was  in 
early  life  a resident  of  Pennsylvania.  He  removed  thence 
with  his  family  to  Virginia,  and  thence  to  Ohio,  where  he 
settled  in  Jefferson  county  in  its  very  early  days,  and  was 
one  of  the  leading  pioneers  of  that  region,  when  to  be  a 
pioneer  meant  much  more  than  it  does  in  our  day.  The 
task  of  founding  a new  settlement,  far  away  from  the  old 
established  haunts  of  civilization,  is  a sufficiently  hard  and 
trying  task,  even  when  the  surroundings  are  peaceful  and 
there  is  only  the  unbroken  prairie  to  bring  under  cultiva- 
tion. But  the  pioneers  of  Ohio  had  still  harder  experiences 
and  still  greater  privations  to  endure.  They  had  not  only 
to  make  a home,  but  they  had  to  make  a place  for  that 
home  by  felling  the  forest  and  bringing  the  soil,  with  in- 
finite labor,  into  a condition  to  cultivate.  Worst  and  most 
trying  of  all,  they  were  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  furious 
savages,  who  rendered  their  lives  and  their  homes  at  all 
times  insecure.  To  cope  with  such  surroundings  and  to 
conquer  such  difficulties  required  men  who  were  men  : men 
who  were  brave  to  the  heart’s  core  and  manly  in  every 
fibre.  Such  a man  was  Jacob  Holmes.  In  common  with 
the  other  brave  men  about  him,  he  endured  and  triumphed 
over  all  the  hardships  and  jrrivations  inseparable  from  the 
task  he  had  undertaken.  He  was  an  active  participant  in 
the  early  Indian  wars  of  Ohio,  and  won  great  distinction  as 
an  intrepid  and  successful  Indian  spy  and  scout.  As  was 
very  often  the  case,  his  undaunted  courage  was  supple- 
mented by  the  finer  and  higher  attributes  of  humanity,  and 
by  a serious  regard  for  religion,  which  his  constant  nearness 
to  death  developed,  instead  of  quenching.  He  was  hos- 
pitable to  the  last  degree,  as  was  the  case  with  most  of  the 
pioneers.  His  cabin  in  the  wilderness  was  always  open  to 
all  in  need  of  a cordial  welcome,  a helping  hand  and  an 


4o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


encouraging  word.  Particularly  was  tliis  the  case  with  all 
the  laborers  in  the  cause  of  the  Methodist  Church  in  the 
wilderness.  He  was  never  weary  of  forwarding  the  efforts 
and  lightening  the  labors  of  such  men,  and  as  soon  as  a 
church  was  known  in  the  wilderness  he  became  a zealous 
member  of  the  organization  and  labored  efficiently  for  its 
interests.  He  married  Elizabeth  Huff,  daughter  of  Michael 
and  Hannah  (Doddridge)  Huff.  The  latter  was  a sister 
of  the  celebrated  Philip,  Joseph  and  Benjamin  Doddridge, 
of  Virginia,  the  Doddridges  being  a family  of  the  highest 
intellectual,  social  and  political  jiosition  in  the  best  days  of 
the  Old  Dominion,  and  of  historical  celebrity  .as  well. 
Many  of  them  were  associated  with  the  pioneer  settlement 
of  Ohio,  and  the  names  of  all  of  them  are  familiar  to 
Ohioans,  either  through  history,  tradition  or  personal  ac- 
quaintance. The  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  Holmes, 
Enos  H.  Holmes,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Ohio  in  those  early  pioneer  days.  He 
was  the  woithy  son  of  a worthy  sire,  and  became  a man 
widely  known  in  pioneer  annals.  He  inherited  from  his 
parents  a devout  and  earnest  nature,  and  this  early  de- 
veloped in  him  to  fervent  religious  zeal.  He  became  an 
ardent  and  efficient  laborer  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  his  long  life  was  devoted  to  promoting  its 
interests  and  its  growth  in  the  wilderness  of  Ohio.  He  was 
thoroughly  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  his  work,  and  labored 
first  as  a local  and  then  as  a circuit  preacher.  His  en- 
deavors were  eminently  successful,  and  his  associates  in  the 
church  for  over  thirty  years  were  men  of  eminence  in  the 
history  of  Ohio  Methodism.  His  hospitality  was  extended 
alike  to  the  rich  and  the  poor,  and  his  house  was  the  wel- 
come home  of  the  weary  workers  in  the  cause  he  so  zeal- 
ously espoused.  He  continued  his  labors  to  within  a few 
days  of  his  death,  in  1871.  His  wife,  Mary  Wilkins,  was  a 
native  of  Harrison  county,  Ohio,  and  was  a daughter  of 
Robert  Wilkins,  a farmer  and  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that 
county.  She  was  through  a long  and  laborious  life  the  effi- 
cient helpmeet  of  her  husband,  and  her  death  occurred  in 
1870,  a year  before  he  finished  his  labors.  It  was  from  such 
ancestry  that  Dr.  Enos  Holmes  sprung.  His  life,  until  he 
was  seventeen  years  of  age,  was  passed  upon  a farm,  and 
his  education  up  to  that  time  was  obtained  at  the  ordinary 
log  school  house  of  the  frontier  settlement,  in  the  winter 
months,  when  the  active  labors  of  the  farm  were  suspended. 
He  had  early  decided  that  he  would  adopt  the  medical 
profession,  and  in  1837  he  commenced  the  reading  of 
medicine  at  Leesburg,  Highland  county,  near  which  place 
his  father  had  settled  in  1831.  In  the  year  1843,  after 
having  completed  a thorough  course  of  medical  studies  and 
received  his  diploma  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  at  New  Petersburg, 
in  the  same  county.  In  the  winter  of  1847  and  1S48  he 
attended  lectures  at  the  first  session  of  the  Starling  Medical 
College,  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  graduated  from  that  in- 
stitution in  1848.  He  did  not  in  the  meantime,  however. 


relinquish  his  profe.ssional  labors,  but  continued  to  prose- 
cute them  in  connection  with  his  studies  and  exertions  as  a 
student.  He  subsequently  practised  with  great  success  at 
New  Petersburg  until  1856.  In  that  year  he  removed  to 
Hillsborough,  Highland  county,  where  he  has  continued  to 
reside  ever  since.  He  is  in  possession  of  an  extended  and 
successful  practice,  and  enjoys  the  entire  and  well-merited 
confidence  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives.  He  .stands 
high  in  the  esteem  of  his  professional  brethren,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Highland  County  Medical  Society.  During 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  served,  by  the  appointment  of 
Governor  Tod,  as  Examining  Surgeon,  and  while  acting  in 
that  capacity  was  stationed  at  Milliken’s  Bend  and  Young’s 
Point,  Tennessee,  and  at  various  places  in  Kentucky  and 
Ohio.  All  through  the  war,  and  for  three  years  afterwards, 
he  was  assiduously  engaged  in  medico-military  duties.  He 
is  an  earnest  and  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  and,  like  his  father  and  his  grandfather  before 
him,  he  has  rendered  efficient  service  in  promoting  the  in- 
terests of  that  body.  Politically  he  is  a Democrat.  From 
earliest  manhood  he  was  a strong  anti-slavery  man,  and  has 
always  opposed  oppression  in  every  form.  He  holds  that 
these  principles,  embodied  in  the  policy  of  the  Democratic 
party,  constitute  the  true  basis  for  the  government  of  the 
nation.  In  1875  he  was  the  nominee,  on  the  regular 
Democratic  ticket,  for  the  position  of  State  Senator.  The 
characteristics  of  his  Scotch-Irish  ancestry  are  very  evenly 
balanced  in  his  constitution,  the  attributes  of  the  shrewd, 
far-seeing  Scot  being  complemented  by  those  of  the  impul- 
sive and  more  mercurial  Celt.  His  fine  social  qualities 
render  him  universally  popular,  while  he  is  equally  es- 
teemed for  his  professional  skill  and  his  scholarly  attain- 
ments. He  was  married  in  1840  to  Eliza  A.  Huff,  daughter 
of  Eleazer  Huff,  an  early  pioneer  of  Highland  county. 
She  died  in  1847,  and  in  1849  he  married,  for  his  second 
wife,  Cynthia  A.  Hulitt,  daughter  of  Britton  C.  Hulitt,  an- 
I other  of  Highland  county’s  pioneers.  She  died  in  1852,  and 
j he  married  again  in  l855>  taking  for  his  wife  Anna  Jones, 
j daughter  of  John  Jones,  also  of  Highland  county,  and,  like 
Mr.  Huff  and  Mr.  Hulitt,  one  of  its  earliest  pioneers. 


UTTON,  WAYLAND  W.,  the  Alderman  from  the 
First  Ward  of  the  city  of  Cincinnati  and  one  of 
the  presiding  officers  of  the  Board,  is  a merchant 
in  avocation.  He  is  a native  of  Clermont  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  now  forty-two  years  old.  His  an- 
cestry were  among  the  old  pioneer  stock  of  Cler- 
mont county,  where  his  father,  William  D.  Sutton,  was  for 
many  years  a prominent  and  successful  merchant  and  an 
influential  citizen.  He  attended  the  best  schools  of  his 
native  county  until  the  opening  of  Antioch  College,  when 
he  entered  this  institution  as  one  of  the  first  students,  and 
was  enrolled  by  Dr.  Horace  Mann.  In  1854  he  relin- 


¥ . 


i 


• 5 . ' ■ i ■ / 


f 


<-«i^Pub  Co  Ihiltii’- 


BIOGRAnilCAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


407 


guished  college  life  and  entered  the  store  of  his  father,  and 
there  remained  until  1S56,  when  he  engaged  in  business  in 
Cincinnati  on  his  own  account.  His  father  dying  in  1858, 
he  returned  to  Amelia,  and  there  remained  in  business  until 
1864.  He  then  established  himself  permanently  in  the 
Queen  City,  where  he  now  conducts  the  leading  retail  dry- 
goods  house  of  the  place,  on  Pearl  .street*  He  has  won  an 
envi.able  position  in  Cincinnati,  both  as  an  able  and  success- 
ful business  man  and  as  a public-spirited  and  energetic  citi- 
zen. He  has  never  been  what  is  known  as  a seeker  after 
office.  Very  reluctantly,  in  1S73,  at  the  urgent  solicitation 
of  his  friends,  he  accepted  a nomination  for  the  Board  of 
Aldermen — it  was  the  higher  compliment,  inasmuch  as  in 
that  ward  reside  an  unusually  large  number  of  able  and 
wealthy  citizens.  In  1875  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Board 
over  a highly  popular  citizen,  who  had  been  for  many  years 
an  active  and  efficient  member  of  the  City  Council.  In 
1862  Mr.  Sutton  was  married  to  a daughter  of  the  late 
Colonel  Jacob  Ebersole,  for  many  years  one  of  the  most 
prominent  citizens  of  Clermont  county.  As  intimated,  had 
it  not  been  foreign  to  his  tastes,  which  were  entirely  for 
business  pursuits,  an  official  career  both  of  emolument  and 
honor  might  have  been  pursued  by  him  with  success. 

OLGATE,  WILLIAM  CURTIS,  Lawyer,  Capi- 
talist, and  Landowner,  was  born,  November  23d, 
1814,  at  Burlington,  Vermont,  of  American 
parentage,  and  of  English  and  Scotch  ancestry. 
He  has  in  his  possession  an  ancient  English  coat 
of  arms,  without  date,  and  of  which  he  has  no 
knowledge,  save  that  it  has  been  handed  down  from  his 
ancestors.  The  first  of  these  who  came  to  America  was 
his  great-grandfather,  on  his  father’s  side,  who  came  whilst 
we  were  colonies  of  Great  Britain,  as  a surgeon  of  the 
British  army.  He  died  and  was  buried  at  sea  between 
Bo.ston  and  Halifax,  whilst  in  this  service.  He  left  one 
son,  who  at  seventeen,  being  without  a home,  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  British  army,  then  engaged  in  the  old 
“ French  war,”  prevailing  in  America  prior  to  our  Revolu- 
tion. This  ancestor,  at  the  close  of  this  war,  married  a 
daughter  of  Captain  Kathan,  a Scotchman,  who  had  settled 
upon  the  Connecticut  river  near  the  site  of  Brattleboro’, 
Vermont,  and  had  purchased  the  fine  bottom-lands  along 
that  river,  for  a distance  of  nine  miles.  On  his  mother’s 
side,  whose  maiden  name  was  Prentice,  one  great-uncle 
assisted  in  throwing  the  tea  into  Boston  harbor;  another 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill;  and  a third  was 
killed  at  Burgoyne’s  surrender.  The  eminent  editor  of  the 
Louisville  Journal  descended  from  this  Prentice  family. 
Mr.  Holgate  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  academy  in 
Utica,  New  York,  and  a select  school  in  the  same  city  ; 
and  about  the  year  1832  entered  Hamilton  College,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  the  summer  of  1835  ; in 


1841  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  his  Alma  Mater. 
After  leaving  college  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with 
Willard  Crafts  in  Utica,  and  remained  with  him  until  April, 
1836,  when  he  removed  to  Defiance,  Ohio.  At  this  place 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  Horace  Sessions,  with  whom 
he  concluded  his  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  in  the  summer  of  1838.  On 
the  death  (about  that  time)  of  George  T.  Hickcox,  clerk 
of  the  court,  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  him,  which  posi- 
tion he  resigned  in  the  spring  of  1839,  to  accept  the  office 
of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Williams  county,  and  as  such 
commenced  his  first  practice  of  the  larv.  The  present 
Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States,  Hon.  M.  R.  Waite,  about 
this  time  delivered  his  “ maiden  speech  ” in  the  small  brick 
building,  now  occupied  by  Hon.  Henry  Hardy,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  old  public  square,  which  was  then  the  court 
house  of  Williams  county,  in  a case  wherein  Mr.  Holgate 
was  the  opposing  counsel,  the  Hon.  A.  P.  Edgerton,  now 
of  Fort  Wayne,  was  Mr.  W’aite’s  client,  and  the  Hon. 
Emery  D.  Potter,  of  Toledo,  was  the  presiding  judge;  and 
this,  too,  was  also  the  first  of  Mr.  Holgate’s  cases  in  a 
court  of  record.  In  January,  1845,  he  drafted  the  bill  to 
erect  the  county  of  Defiance,  and  by  his  persistent  efforts 
and  in  the  face  of  a well-organized  and  powerful  opposition, 
the  bill  became  a law  March  4th,  of  the  same  year.  He 
was  active  in  the  organization  of  the  first  agricultural 
society  for  the  county,  in  1848  ; and  in  successfully  initiating 
the  movement  for  an  annual  fair,  in  1851.  He  was  ever 
vigilant  in  promoting  manufacturing  and  kindred  enter- 
prises, and  in  the  projection  and  construction  of  roads,  and 
the  care  of  all  public  interests  affecting  the  town  and  county. 
In  the  years  1851-52  the  business  prospects  of  Defiance 
seemed  likely  to  be  lost  by  the  construction  of  railroads 
passing  it  on  all  sides,  and  at  some  distance.  F'oreseeing 
and  fearing  this  danger,  by  most  untiring  and  unremitting 
efforts  he  succeeded  in  securing  to  the  town  the  Toledo, 
Wabash  & Western  Railway.  In  1853  his  health  became 
very  precarious ; owing  partly  to  climatic  influences  and 
partly  to  over  exertions  on  account  of  railways  and  in  his 
profe.ssion,  and  with  a partial  attack  with  congestion  of  the 
brain,  he  became  seriously  threatened  with  apojilexy. 
Unable  to  read  or  write,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  suc- 
ceeding twelve  years,  he  relinquished  the  practice  of  law', 
which  he  has  never  resumed.  In  March,  1864,  when  the 
land  granted  to  the  town,  fourteen  years  previously,  for  the 
Defiance  Female  Seminary,  had  been  forfeited  for  non- 
payment, and  a bill  w'as  on  its  passage  in  the  Legislature, 
requiring  the  State  Auditor  to  sell  the  same,  he  visited 
Columbus,  and  by  his  personal  efforts  succeeded  in  securing 
the  pa.ssage  of  an  act,  authorizing  the  lands  to  be  deeded  on 
payment  of  the  necessary  amount.  This  amount  Mr.  Hol- 
gate and  Horace  Sessions,  since  deceased,  advanced,  and 
so  these  lands,  embracing  1280  acres  with  their  growing 
avails,  were  retained  and  secured  to  the  town.  In  the  year 
1869,  w’ith  a realizing  sense  of  the  very  great-importance 


4o8 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


of  a direct  railroad  route,  from  the  southern  bend  of  Lalce 
Michigan  to  the  centres  of  commerce  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  with  a full  faith  and  almost  an  inspiration  that  such  a 
route  would  be  established,  he  organized  a company  for 
that  object  in  Ohio,  which  was  followed  liy  one  connecting 
■with  it  in  Indiana  to  Illinois.  Now  again  was  begun  by 
him  a diligent  and  unceasing  work  in  the  cause  of  another 
railway,  that  was  to  pass  through  his  town.  Chicago, 
Pittsburgh,  New  York,  Baltimore,  and  the  towns  on  line  in 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Pennsylvania  were  visited. 
Dropping  all  other  business,  with  an  energy  that  was  un- 
tiring and  a watchfulness  that  was  sleepless,  his  work  cul- 
minated in  attracting  the  attention  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 
Railroad  Company  to  the  route  in  1S71,  and  in  their  adop- 
tion of  it  f<4r  their  Chicago  extension  in  1872,  and  its  con- 
struction in  1S73-74.  Mr.  llolgate  has  been  a Director  in 
this  new  road  since  its  organization.  He  is  President  of 
the  Defiance  Manufacturing  Company;  also  of  the  new 
Defiance  Savings  Bank.  He  is  one  of  the  most  extensive 
real  estate  owners  and  dealers  in  northwestern  Ohio.  He 
was  formerly  a Whig,  is  now  a Republican.  Was  married 
in  1851.  His  wife  dying  in  June,  1865,  left  him  a widower, 
in  which  state  he  has  continued.  He  has  two  children, 
a son  who  recently  attained  full  age,  and  a married  daughter 
o*^  nineteen. 

lASONGOOD,  JACOB,  Merchant  and  Banker, 
was  born  in  Burgkunstadt,  on  the  river  Main, 
District  of  Upper  Franconia,  Bavaria,  November 
I4lh,  1814.  His  parents,  although  in  comforta- 
ble circumstances,  were  of  limited  education,  but 
enabled  doubtless  by  th.at  very  fact  to  set  upon 
learning  its  true  and  high  value,  wisely  resolved  to  secure  to 
their  offspring  the  advantages  which  had  not  been  attainable 
for  themselves.  He  was  accordingly  placed  under  a private 
tutor  to  learn  the  English  and  French  languages,  and  at- 
tended subsequently  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town. 
In  1S28,  having  attained  the  age  at  which  the  law  required 
the  selection  of  a trade  or  profession,  he  chose,  after  due 
deliberation,  the' trade  of  weaver,  and  was  apprenticed  to 
Jandorf  Fiiedman,  a cloth  manufacturer  of  Burgkunstadt, 
with  whom  he  served  his  full  term  of  three  years,  afterward 
receiving  his  certificate  as  journeyman.  In  accordance  with 
the  invariable  custom  of  tlie  day,  he  then  travelled  from 
place  to  place,  finding  employment  at  journey  work  in 
several  of  the  leading  establishments  of  Saxony,  Prussia, 
and  Wurtemberg.  In  1837,  after  an  absence  of  seven  years, 
he  returned  home  to  find  his  beloved  mother  dead,  and  his 
father  unable  to  add  one  hundred  and  sixty  florins  to  the 
four  hundred  and  sixty,  which,  by  the  exercise  of  rigid 
economy,  he  had  saved  from  his  scanty  earnings,  that  he 
might  gratify  his  ambition  and  start  a factory  of  his  own. 
Failing  in  this  project,  he  determined  to  seek  fortune  in 
America.  Then,  having  organized  a party  of  comrades, 


also  willing  to  enter  a new  field  of  labor,  he  strove  success- 
fully against  the  dissuasions  of  his  family,  and  started  with 
them,  in  a wagon,  for  Bremen,  where  they  arrived  after  a 
journey  of  fourteen  days.  All  then  took  “passage  between 
decks  in  the  ‘ Constitution.’  ” After  a voyage  of  ten  weeks, 
the  travellers  landed  in  New  York  city,  July  21st,  1837. 
His  possessions  at^his  date  were,  in  all,  seventy-five  dollars, 
American  money.  A financial  crisis  had  paralyzed  trade, 
and  after  a persistent  but  fruitless  search  for  employment, 
he  determined  to  invest  his  remaining  capital  in  goods, 
with  which  he  could  start  anew  as  peddler  in  the  city. 
Ultimately,  however,  the  depression  of  business,  and  his 
lack  of  fluency  in  speaking  English,  induced  him  to  turn 
his  face  to  the  West.  In  September,  1837,  after  having 
worked  by  day,  and  by  night  travelled  by  boat,  v/a  the  Erie 
canal,  he  found  himself  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  then  the  west- 
ern head-quarters  of  German  peddlers.  Here  he  labored 
for  a period  with  untiring  energy  and  zeal,  then  moved  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  formed  a copartnership  with  Philip 
Heidelbach,  under  the  firm-style  of  Heidelbach  & Season- 
good.  Subsequently  the  partners  sustained  their  peri- 
patetic commerce  with  much  success,  and  conducted  a 
thriving  business  in  the  counties  environing  the  city,  then 
containing  about  four  thousand  inhabitants.  The  year 
1840  saw  them  possessed  of  a capital  sufficiently  large  to 
permit  the  relinquishment  of  the  •laborious  system  of  ped- 
dling, and  in  March  of  that  year  they  established  a retail 
clothing  store  at  Front  and  Sycamore  streets,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  Fortune  favored  this  enterprise  to  such  an  extent 
that  in  1S42  the  co-workers  opened  a jobbing  and  retail 
dry-goods  house,  on  Main  street  near  Pearl  street,  and,  as 
the  conduct  of  the  two  houses  involved  a greater  amount 
of  labor  and  responsibility,  admitted  into  partnership  two 
younger  brothers  of  Pliilip  Heidelbach,  and  the  firm-name 
was  changed  to  Heidelbach,  Seasongood  & Co.  The  busi- 
ness, meeting  with  prosperity  on  every  side,  soon  outgrew 
its  original  quarters,  and  eventually  was  removed  to  the 
commodious  building  at  No.  18  Pearl  street.  The  house 
purchased  also  the  lot  on  which  the  Front  street  clothing 
store  was  situated,  and,  after  erecting  a suitable  building, 
engaged  extensively  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing,  thus 
giving  needed  employment  to  many  destitute  and  suffering 
families.  The  business  on  Front  street  rapidly  developed 
into  a wholesale  trade,  and  it  was  then  decided  to  concen- 
trate the  two  houses  in  the  fine  buiiding  at  Third  and  Main 
streets,  which  was  secured  at  an  annual  rental  of  five 
thousand  dollars.  In  1S60  the  business  was  again  removed 
to  the  superb  building  at  Third  and  Vine  streets,  erected 
by  the  partners  to  meet  the  wants  of  their  ever-increasing 
trade,  and  carefully  fitted  with  every  convenience.  From 
i860,  the  date  of  organization,  until  1868,  he  was  a partner 
in  the  banking-house  of  Espry,  Heidelbach  & Co.  Upon 
the  dissolution  of  this  partnership,  at  the  latter  date,  the 
partnership  also  which  existed  between  him  and  Philip 
Heidelbach  was  dissolved,  after  a successful  and  harmoni- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


409 


ous  association  of  over  thirty  years.  The  new  firm  of 
J.  & L.  Seasongood  & Co.  was  then  formed.  This  house, 
still  in  prosperous  life,  continues  the  business  at  the  old 
stand,  and  retains  its  prestige  as  the  leading  cloth  house  of 
the  city.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  returned  to  Europe,  and 
sought  at  the  famous  Kissingen  Springs  the  re-establishment 
of  his  failing  health,  taking  with  him  his  two  sons,  \lftom 
he  left  at  the  college  of  Professor  Ilohagen,  in  Frankfort- 
on-the-Main,  where  they  remained  three  years  for  the  pur- 
pose of  completing  their  education.  He  then  visited  his 
former  employers,  with  whom  he  now  sustains  business 
relations  of  an  important  nature,  and  also  the  home  of  his 
childhood,  which  was  marred  only  by  the  demise  of  his 
father,  who,  at  the  age  of  eighty-nine  years,  had  passed 
away  in  1855.  The  banking-house  of  Seasongood,  Notter 
& Co.  was  formed  January  15th,  1870,  and,  having  speedily 
outgrown  its  original  quarters,  was,  in  February,  1873,  re- 
moved to  the  handsome  building,  erected  by  the  firm  to 
meet  its  wants,  at  74  West  Third  street,  where  the  business 
is  now  successfully  prosecuted.  He  has  been  for  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a century  a Director  of  the  Hebrew  Relief 
Society,  and  for  many  years  Director  of  the  Jewish  Hospital, 
and  Trustee  of  the  Mound  Street  Temple  and  Broadway 
Synagogue.  Over  the  latter  institution  he  presided  for  two 
terms,  having  been  the  first  President  under  the  Reform 
movement,  inaugurated  by  Rev.  Dr.  Max  Lilienlhal.  He 
now  enjoys  the  legitimate  fruits  of  enterprise  and  honest 
labor,  and  is  happy  as  the  patriarch  of  an  affectionate  family, 
whose  rev’ered  centre  he  is,  each  of  his  married  daughters 
residing  in  houses  adjoining  the  homestead  on  Eighth 
street.  He  Is  unassuming  but  liberal  in  his  chaiitable 
works,  and  has,  on  many  occasions,  given  generously  of 
his  means  to  denominational  and  public  charities;  and  to 
his  encouragement  and  material  assistance  many  of  his 
countrymen,  now  prosperous  merchants,  owe  their  present 
business  success.  He  was  married,  April  3d,  1839,  to 
Lena  Kiefer,  a lady  of  excellent  attainments,  by  whom  he 
has  had  eight  children  ; of  those  six  survive  : Emma,  the 
wife  of  his  partner,  Lewis  Seasongood;  Laura;  Jennie,  the 
wife  of  Joseph  Bohm,  of  Bohm,  Mach  & Co. ; Julia,  the 
wife  of  Julius  Reis,  of  Reis  Brothers  & Co.,  President  of 
the  Cincinnati  Board  of  Aldermen ; and  Adolph  and 
Charles,  who  are  associated  with  him  in  business. 


.MES,  WEBSTER,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Office  of 
the  Solicitor  of  United  Slates  Treasury,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  October  6th,  1834.  His 
parents  were  Lazel  and  Mary  E.  (Candler) 
Elmes.  Having  graduated  at  the  High  School 
of  Philadelphia,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  re- 
turned to  Cincinnati  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Salmon 
P.  Chase  and  Flamen  Ball.  Here  he  rpialified  himself  for 
legal  practice,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858  and  engaged 

52 


in  the  duties  of  his  profession  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war.  During  his  residence  in  Clifton,  a suburban  town  of 
Cincinnati,  he  was  honored  by  being  chosen  Mayor  of  the 
town.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Washington  to  accept  a posi- 
tion under  the  government.  January,  1S71,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Chief  Clerk  of  the  office  of  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury,  the  duties  in  this  position  being  more  conge- 
nial and  in  keeping  with  his  professional  training  as  a law- 
yer. His  continuance  in  positions  of  honor  and  trust  for  a 
period  of  fifteen  years  bears  ample  testimony  to  his  ability 
and  integrity  as  a public  servant.  He  was  married  in  June, 
1864,  to  Rosa  E.  S.  White,  daughter  of  Littleton  S.  White, 
of  Maryland. 


ERION,  NATHANIEL,  was  born  in  Franklin- 
county,  Ohio,  February  l6lh,  1814,  of  French 
descent.  His  father  was  William  Merion,  of 
Massachusetts  : his  mother,  Sally  Wait,  of  Dex- 
ter, New  York.  He  received  his  education 
principally  in  log-cabin  school -houses  near  his 
home,  south  of  Columbus.  He  remained  with  his  father 
on  the  farm  until  that  parent’s  death,  in  1837,  and  then  with 
his  mother  until  he  was  thirty-three,  with  the  exception  of 
a short  period  of  independence.  When  about  twenty  years 
old  he,  like  many  boys,  felt  equal  to  the  task  of  taking  care 
of  himself,  and  left  his  home,  with  the  knowledge  of  his 
parents.  They,  wisely,  made  no  effort  to  retain  him  or 
bring  him  back  ; and  after  visiting  Cincinnati  and  Ports- 
mouth, and  being  left  without  money  at  the  mercy  of 
strangers,  <luring  a spell  of  sipkness,  he  willingly,  of  his 
own  accord,  returned  to  his  home.  His  coming,  as  his 
going,  excited  no  comment,  and  affairs  went  on  as  usual, 
until  November  8th,  1846,  when  he  married  Madeline 
Watkins.  He  was  for  over  ten  years  Superintendent  of 
Wood’s  Starch  h'actory,  and  for  several  years  engaged  in 
real  estate  business.  In  August,  1861,  he  was  appointed 
Commissary  of  Subsistence  by  President  I.incoln,  and  held 
this  position  until  June,  1862,  under  General  Rosecrans 
and  General  Milroy,  at  Beverly,  West  Virginia.  At  this 
time  he  resigned  from  ill  health.  He  was  appointed 
Warden  of  the  Penitentiary  in  July,  1862;  was  legislated 
out  in  April,  1863,  but  afterward  reappointed  for  two 
years,  and  served  for  that  length  of  time.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  this  term  of  office  he  engaged  in  and  is  still 
carrying  on  the  grocery  business,  under  the  style  of  N. 
Merion  & Co.,  the  Co.  being  his  son  Frank.  In  May, 
1873,  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Central  Bank,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  In  early  life  Mr.  Merion  was  a 
Whig,  and  on  the  dissolution  of  that  party  became,  and  is 
at  the  present  time,  a Liberal  Republican.  Mr.  Merion  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  and  growth 
of  the  city,  and  justly  merits  the  high  esteem  and  regard  in 
which  he  is  held  by  his  fellow-citizens. 


UlUGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOr.KlJIA. 


410 


C'1||||(|IIIPPLE,  COMMODORE  ABRAHAM,  Pioneer 
fc  III  I Settler,  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island, 
in  1733.  He  was  a descendant  of  John  Whipple, 
one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the  Providence 
Plantations,  and  an  associate  of  Roger  Williams. 
His  eaily  education  was  very  imperfect,  and  a 
seafaring  life  fell  to  the  lot  of  his  youth.  At  one  time  he 
commanded  a privateer,  fitted  out  to  prey  upon  Spanish 
commerce.  He  also  commanded  a vessel  in  the  East  India 
trade.  Early  in  the  commencement  of  the  troubles  between 
the  mother  country  and  the  colonists,  he  boarded  and  burnt 
the  British  schooner  “ Gaspe,”  stationed  in  Narragansett 
Bay  to  enforce  the  maritime  laws.  In  June,  I775> 
appointed  to  the  command  of  an  armed  schooner  in  the 
cause  of  the  colonists,  and  soon  cleared  Narragansett  Bay 
of  all  British  “ floats.”  To  this  gallant  officer  is  given  the 
credit  of  firing  the  first  naval  gun  in  the  cause  of  American 
independence.  He  served  in  the  navy  throughout  the  war 
of  the  Revolution,  but  his  exploits  in  that  field  find  a more 
fitting  place  in  the  history  of  the  L'nited  States.  He  was 
among  the  boldest  and  most  successful  of  America’s  naval 
commanders.  On  the  formation  of  the  Ohio  Company  he 
emigrated  to  Marietta,  Ohio,  with  his  wife  and  son.  In  the 
year  1800  he  commanded  a small  vessel,  built,  rigged,  and 
loaded  at  Marietta  for  New  Orleans.  It  was  named  “ .St. 
Clair,”  in  honor  of  the  governor  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 
In  May,  1801,  he  was  given  command  of  this  vessel,  which 
was  loaded  with  pork  and  flour.  In  July  he  reached  New 
Orleans.  The  “ St.  Clair”  was  the  first  rigged  vessel  ever 
built  on  the  Ohio  river,  and  he  had  the  honor  of  conducting 
her  to  the  ocean.  He  never  attempted  another  voyage, 
being  now  advanced  in  years.  lo  early  life  he  was  married 
to  Sar.ah  Hopkins,  sister  of  Governor  Hopkins,  of  his  native 
.State,  who  bore  him  three  children.  In  1811  Congress  al- 
lowed him  half-pay  as  Captain  in  the  navy,  which  made  him 
comfortable  for  the  balance  of  his  days.  His  only  son  never 
married,  and  the  family  name  has  not  been  perpetuated,  al- 
though the  descendants  of  his  daughters  are  numerous.  He 
died  at  the  residence  of  a widowed  daughter  near  Marietta, 
May  29th,  1819,  after  a short  illness,  the  death  of  his  aged 
partner  having  occurred  about  six  months  previous.  They 
lie  buried  side  by  side  at  Marietta. 


UTNAM,  GENERAL  RL’FUS,  Pioneer  Settler  and 
P'ottnder  ot  Marietta,  Ohio,  was  born  in  M.assa- 
chusetts,  April  8th,  1738.  At  nineteen  he  had 
learned  the  trade  of  millwright,  and  entered  the 
military  service  against  the  French  and  Indians. 
At  the  close  of  this  war  he  ranked  as  Ensign,  but 
left  the  service  to  follow  his  trade,  at  the  same  time  studving 
mathematics  and  surveying.  In  the  war  of  the  Revolution 
he  entered  the  ranks  of  the  colonists,  and  served  with  honor 
all  through  the  contest  th.at  followed.  He  was  always  held 


in  high  esteem  by  General  Washington,  and  often  took  part 
in  military  conferences  with  his  distinguished  chief.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  created  a Brigadier-General  for 
faithful  services  in  the  cause.  In  1787  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  affairs  of  the  Ohio  Company,  and  in 
Apiil,  178S,  began  the  settlement  of  Marietta.  In  1789 
Present  Washington  appointed  him  to  a Judgeship  in  the 
Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1792  he  was  made  a Brigadier- 
General  to  serve  against  the  Indians,  but  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health.  In  1796  he  was  appointed  Surveyor- 
General  of  the  United  .States,  serving  in  that  position  until 
1803.  He  was  a member  of  the  convention  that  framed  a 
constitution  for  the  new  State  of  Ohio,  when  age  and  failing 
strength  admonished  him  to  withdraw  from  the  activities  of 
life.  He  lived  many  years  thereafter,  however,  dying  at 
Marietta,  May  ist,  1824.  In  person  he  was  tall  and  com- 
manding, and  his  mind  was  cast  in  a mould  that  made  him 
scrupulously  exact  in  the  fulfilment  of  public  duties. 


T.  CLAIR,  GENERAL  ARTHUR,  First  Governor 
of  the  Northwest  Territory,  was  born  in  Scotland 
in  1734.  He  received  a classical  education,  and 
afterwards  studied  medicine.  Having  a taste  for 
military  life,  he  obtained  the  appointment  of  Sub- 
altern in  the  British  army.  He  was  under  Wolfe 
at  the  storming  of  Quebec,  but  never  achieved  any  fame  as 
a soldier  while  in  the  service  of  the  mother  country.  After 
the  peace  of  1763  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort 
Ligonier,  in  Pennsylvania,  and  received  there  a grant  of  one 
thousand  acres  of  land.  Prior  to  the  war  of  the  Revolution 
he  held  several  civil  offices.  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  colonists,  and  was  appointed  a 
Colonel  of  Continentals.  A month  after  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  he  was  made  a Brigadier-General.  He  after- 
wards becamea  Major-General,  and  was  ordered  to  take  com- 
mand of  Fort  Ticonderoga.  On  the  approach  of  Burgoyne  he 
abandoned  it.  For  this  he  was  charged  with  everything 
that  would  compromise  the  dignity  and  character  of  a sol- 
dier. Before  a court-martial,  however,  he  thoroughly  vindi- 
cated his  course,  showing  that  the  evacuation  of  Ticonderoga 
only  hastened  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne,  and  that  his 
strategy  contributed  no  little  to  that  great  event  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Congress  sustained  the 
verdict  of  acquittal,  and  he  served  with  credit  until  peace 
was  declared.  In  1785,  while  residing  on  his  farm  at  Ligo- 
nier, Pennsylvania,  he  was  appointed  a delegate  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  and  soon  after  chosen  President  of  that 
august  body.  After  the  passage  of  an  act  for  the  government 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory,  he  was  appointed  its  Governor 
in  October,  1787.  In  this  position  he  continued  until  he 
was  removed  by  President  Jefferson  in  the  winter  of  1802-3, 
a period  of  some  fifteen  years.  In  his  official  life  he  was 
noted  for  his  extreme  simplicity  of  manner  and  easy  address. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


411 


The  most  conspicuous  event  in  his  military  life  was  the 
battle  which  has  passed  into  history  as  “ St.  Clair’s  Defeat.” 
This  battle — or  massacre,  as  by  some  it  is  termed — took 
place.  November  4th,  1791,  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now 
D.irke  county,  named  after  a gallant  officer  of  St.  Clair’s 
command.  An  expedition  had  been  fitted  out  having  for  its 
object  the  establishment  of  a military  post  at  what  is  now 
known  as  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.'  The  army  was  suddenly 
attacked  by  a superior  force  of  Indians,  and,  after  a fierce 
but  unequal  fight,  retreated  in  great  confusion  and  disorder. 
Many  historians  have  censured  the  general  in  command, 
but  there  is  ample  testimony  that  his  personal  bravery  was 
very  conspicuous,  and  that  he  did  his  best  to  stem  the  tide 
of  defe.at.  Many  brave  officers  were  sacrificed,  and  the  gen- 
eral himself  narrowly  escaped,  having  four  horses  shot.  No 
more  horrible  tale  of  butchery  is  chronicled  in  the  annals  of 
our  Indian  wars.  While  the  disaster  was  deplored  by  the 
entire  country.  President  Washington  did  not  lose  confi- 
dence in  General  St.  Clair.  After  his  removal  from  the 
Governorship  of  the  Territory,  he  returned  to  the  Ligonier 
valley,  aged  and  impoverished,  and  resided  with  a widowed 
daughter.  The  bounty  of  his  friends  would  not  allow  him 
to  absolutely  want  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  yet  he  lived  for 
years  in  poverty.  Congress  refused  to  recognize  a claim 
which  he  deferred  pressing  until  this  very  emergency,  and 
after  spending  considerable  time  in  Washington  in  making 
vain  appeals,  the  old  soldier  returned  home  thoroughly  dis- 
couraged. But  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  recognizing 
his  eminent  services,  granted  him  an  annuity  of  three  hun- 
dred dollars,  which  w.as  afterwards  raised  to  six  hundred 
and  fifty.  He  did  not  live  long  to  enjoy  it,  however.  He 
died  August  31st,  1S18,  from  injuries  received  by  the 
running  away  of  his  horse. 


|.\RRY,  GENERAL  AUGU.STL'.S  C.,  was  born  in 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  in  1S28.  His  parents 
were  English  people,  and  removed  to  Cincinnati 
while  Augu.stus  was  quite  young.  Being  left  an 
orphan  soon  after,  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
trade  of  turner,  and  afterwards  established  him- 
self in  that  business.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  entered 
the  volunteer  service  as  Major  of  the  2d  Ohio  Infantry.  At 
the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  early  in  the  fight,  and  in 
the  retreat  his  regiment  repelled  the  attacks  of  the  enemy’s 
cavalry.  When  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  with  his  brave 
command,  he  was  given  an  enthusiastic  recejition,  about  a 
hundred  thousand  people  taking  part  in  the  exercises.  He 
entered  the  three  years’ service  as  Major  of  the  47th  Ohio 
Infantry,  and  joined  the  army  under  Rosecr.ans.  In  August, 
1862,  he’ was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1863,  to  a full  Colonelcy,  in  the  meantime  having  dis- 
jilayed  his  soldierly  qualities  on  many  hard-fought  fields. 
At  Vicksburg  he  served  with  credit,  at  one  time  being  tem- 


porarily in  command  of  a brigade.  Twice  after  this  he  held 
commands  far  above  his  rank.  At  Kenesaw  Mountain  he 
was  severely  wounded,  but  recovered  in  time  to  join  in 
“ the  march  to  the  sea.”  In  the  assault  on  Fort  McAllister, 
under  General  Hazen,  he  was  the  first  field  officer  to  enter 
the  enemy’s  works.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  bre- 
vetted  Brigadier-General.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county  on  the  Republican 
ticket.  He  died  in  December,  1S66,  of  consumption. 


DDEL,  THOMAS,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Seneca, 
Haldimand  county,  Canada  West,  October  13th, 
1843.  His  parents  are  natives  of  the  north  of 
Ireland.  His  literary  and  preliminary  education 
was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  Canada, 
his  professional  education  at  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  and  the  University  of 
Wooster.  Until  his  twenty-second  year  was  attained  he 
worked  on  his  father’s  farm,  but  having  a strong  desire  to 
enter  the  profession  of  medicine,  he  went  to  Buffalo  in  1865 
and  became  a student  in  the  office  of  Professor  Samuel  W. 
vVetmore,  M.  D.,  then  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the 
University  of  Buffalo.  After  attending  a course  of  lectures 
in  this  institution  in’ 1866-67,  his  health  and  financial  re- 
sources failing  him  simultaneously,  he  was  engaged  tempo- 
rarily in  travelling  through  the  West  in  the  interests  of  a 
life  insurance  company.  In  1870  he  attended  lectures  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  W’ooster  University,  at  Cleve- 
land, Ohio.  He  then  acted  as  Prosector  to  the  Chair  of 
Anatomy,  and  on  graduating  in  1871  was  elected  valedic- 
torian of  the  graduating  class.  Upon  his  removal  to  Char- 
don,  Geauga  county,  Ohio,  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  met  with  unexpected  success.  In  De- 
cember, 1873,  he  settled  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  now 
resides  engaged  in  the  control  of  an  extensive  and  growing 
practice.  He  is  a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  a member  and  officer  of  the  Toledo  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. In  politics  he  is  a Republican.  He  was  married 
in  1S69  to  Lizzie  Lawrence,  of  Iowa. 


r 'I 

IKOFF,  HON.  ALLEN  T.,  was  born  in  Adams 
county,  Ohio,  November  15th,  1825,  being  the 
son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Jones)  Wikoff,  the  former 
of  whom  followed  the  occupation  of  a farmer. 
<■0  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  county,  and  by  private  study.  He  started 
in  life  as  a farmer,  which  he  followed  until  1862,  when  he 
entered  the  army  as  Lieutenant  of  Company  I,  91st  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  in  the  army  of  West  Virginia. 
He  remained  in  the  service  three  years,  and  in  1863  was 
advanced  to  the  position  of  Captain.  In  1871  he  was  ap- 


412 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP-LDIA. 


pointed  Chief  Clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of 
Ohio,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  position  until  elected 
himself  as  Secretary  of  State  on  the  Republican  ticket  in 
1872.  In  this  capacity,  fulfilling  the  trusts  devolving  upon 
him,  he  served  from  January,  1873,  until  January,  1875. 
The  Republicans  in  1874  renominated  him  by  acclamation 
for  the  office.  The  opposition  triumphed  at  the  polls,  and 
Mr.  Wikoff  suffered  the  fate  of  the  others  on  his  ticket. 
He  prepared  with  great  care  an  unusually  valuable  statistical 
report  relative  to  the  political  affairs  of  the  State,  the  facts 
and  figures  of  which  were  collated  after  troublesome  labor. 
The  work  presented  much  that  was  of  use  and  interest  rela- 
tive to  pohtics  in  a convenient  form.  Mr.  Wikoff,  after  his 
service  in  the  army,  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1866.  Ever  since  1874  he  has  been  Chairman  of  the 
State  Republican  Committee,  and  in  January,  1876,  was  ap- 
pointed Adjutant-General  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Hayes, 
which  office  he  still  holds.  He  was  married  to  Angeline 
Collier,  of  Adams  county,  on  December  2d,  1852,  by 
whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  four  of  whom  survive. 
He  now  resides  at  Columbus. 


JRAILEY,  MOSES  RANDOLPH,  Lawyer  and 
Brigadier-General  United  States  Volunteers,  was 
born,  November  2d,  1816,  at  Canandaigua,  New 
, York,  of  American  parents,  and  of  English  and 

Irish  descent.  He  received  an  elementary  edu- 
cation  in  the  common  schools  of  Buffalo,  New 
York,  which  he  supplemented  afterwards  by  close  study  in 
leisure  hours.  After  leaving  school  he  was  engaged  in 
sailing  vessels  on  Lake  Erie,  in  which  he  continued  for  five 
years,  when,  on  account  of  the  superior  abilities  he  displayed, 
he  was,  in  the  autumn  of  1835,  'mde  mate  of  the  steamer 
“ Sheldon  Thompson,”  which  post  he  filled  for  two  seasons. 
After  leaving  tlTe  steamer  he  removed  to  Ohio,  in  1837,  w'here 
he  embarked  in  the  lumber  business,  and  also  in  farrrting  at 
Norwalk,  which  he  continued  for  five  years,  during  w'hich 
time  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Norwalk,  and 
served  as  such  for  a term  of  six  years.  While  he  occupied 
this  position  he  read  law  with  Hon.  E.  M.  -Stone,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  remained  in  Norwalk, 
practising  his  profession,  until  1857.  In  the  fall  of  1852  he 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Huron  county,  Ohio, 
and  re-elected  in  1854,  his  term  expiring  in  1856.  He  re- 
moved to  Eulton  county  in  1857,  where  he  continued  his 
law  practice  until  the  autumn  of  1858,  when  he  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that  county,  and  was  re-elected  in 
i860.  He  filled  this  position  until  1861,  when  the  civil 
war  broke  out,  and  he  enlisted  in  the  three  months’  service, 
and  on  August  21st  of  the  same  year  was  named  Captain  of 
Company  I of  the  38th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
for  three  years’  service.  He  was  wounded  in  a skirmish  near 
Mill  Springs,  Kentucky,  and  discharged  from  the  service  on 


that  account  in  March,  1862.  In  the  following  month  of 
May  he  was  made  Captain  of  Company  G of  the  S5th  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Infantry,  and  on  August  28th  was  transferred  to 
the  tilth  Ohio,  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major,  and 
went  to  the  field  in  command  of  that  regiment.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Frankfort  and  Perryville,  Kentucky, 
and  in  January,  1863,  advanced  to  the  grade  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Rochester  and  Lenoir, 
Tennessee,  in  the  autumn  of  1863,  and  was  brevetted  a 
Colonel  in  the  regular  army  and  Brigadier-General  of  Vol- 
unteers for  gallantry  on  the  field,  and  for  services  rendered. 
He  was  shortly  afterwards  attacked  with  hemorrh''ge  of  the 
lungs,  and  discharged  from  the  army  on  account  of  the  same 
during  the  winter  of  1863-64.  On  his  return  to  Ohio  he 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Brough,  in  Tebruary,  1864, 
Pay  Agent,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  elected  in  1865  Comptroller  of  the  State 
Treasury  of  Ohio,  re-elected  in  1868,  and  served  until  1871, 
meanwhile  being  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  .Soldiers’ 
Claims  for  Ohio.  He  is  at  present  engaged  in  farming  and 
also  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Swanton,  Fulton 
county,  having  the  largest  and  best  clientelage  of  any  lawyer 
in  that  county.  During  his  life  he  has  been  a consistent 
Whig,  and  since  the  dissolution  of  that  party,  an  unwavering 
Republican.  He  was  married,  April  21st,  1837,  to  Sarah 
Jane  Maxom,  of  Buffalo,  New  York. 


ROSVENOR,  GENERAL  CHARLES  IL,  Law- 
yer, Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  from 
Athens  county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Pomfret,  Wynd- 
ham  county,  Connecticut,  September  20lh,  1833. 
His  parents  were  Peter  Grosvenor  and  Ana 
(Chase)  Grosvenor,  whe  removed  to  Athens 
county,  Ohio,  in  1838,  and  settled  on  a farm.  The  Gros- 
venors  are  the  descendants  of  an  old  English  family,  the 
founder  of  the  line  in  America  having  been  John  Grosvenor, 
who  died  in  Roxbury,  Massachusetts,  in  1690,  leaving  a 
family  of  six  sons,  from  whom,  it  is  believed,  are  descended 
all  who  now  bear  the  name  of  Grosvenor  in  this  country. 
The  tombstone  of  John  Grosvenor  bears  the  coat  of  arms  of 
his  family.  Thomas  Grosvenor,  grandfather  of  General 
Grosvenor,  served  as  a colonel  during  the  revolutionaiy  con- 
flict, and  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  General  Washington. 
He  afterward  became  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Con- 
necticut, and  for  several  years  was  a member  of  the  Gov- 
ernor’s Council.  His  father  served  during  the  war  of  1812, 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  major  in  the  militia  service.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  the  day  in  Athens'  county, 
Ohio,  but  for  the  greater  portion  of  his  education  is  indebted 
to  the  care  and  efforts  of  his  mother,  a woman  of  rare  attain- 
ments and  remarkable  intelligence.  Starting  in  life  on  his 
own  resources,  he  taught  in  the  county  public  schools  for 
about  three  years,  and  in  the  meantime,  by  the  advice  and 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


413 


under  the  direction  of  Lot  L.  Smith,  pursued  the  study  of 
law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  at  once  en- 
tered on  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Athens  county.  In 
July,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  the  United  States 
army,  but  was  immediately  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major, 
and  in  June,  1863,  was  again  promoted  to  a Lieutenant- 
Colonelcy.  At  the  battle  of  Nashville  he  commanded  a 
brigade,  and  for  gallant  service  on  the  field  was  recom- 
mended for  promotion  by  General  Thomas.  He  was  then 
brevetted  Colonel  and  Brigadier-General.  In  April,  1865, 
he  was  raised,  to  the  full  rank  of  Colonel,  with  the  brevet 
title  of  Brigadier-General.  At  the  close  of  the  rebellion,  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  was  nominated 
for  the  State  Senate,  but  failed  to  secure  an  election.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  represent 
his  county  in  the  House.  While  acting  with  this  body  he 
has  served  on  the  Committees  on  Judiciary,  on  Insurance, 
and  on  Revision.  He  is  also  a member  of  the  select  Com- 
mittees on  Express  Companies  and  Telegraphs,  and  on  the 
Investigation  of  Public  Works.  At  the  election  in  1875 
was  re-elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  at  its 
organization,  Januai-y  3d,  1876,  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  his  profession  he  has  attained  a high  standing, 
and  his  reputation  as  a criminal  advocate  is  very  extended. 
He  was  married,  December  1st,  1858,  to  Samantha  Stewart, 
of  Athens  county,  who  died  April  2d,  i866,  leaving  issue  of 
one  child,  a daughter.  He  was  again  married.  May  2tst, 
1867,  to  Louise  H.  Currier,  also  a native  of  Athens  county, 
Ohio. 


I UNLAP,  MILTON,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born, 
August  9th,  1807,  in  Brown  county,  Ohio,  and  is 
the  third  child  of  William  and  Mary  (Shepherd) 
Dunlap.  Plis  father  was  a native  of  Augusta 
county,  Virginia,  who  removed  with  his  father’s 
family  to  Kentucky  when  a boy.  He  settled  in 
Brown  county,  Ohio,  in  1796,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death  in  1848.  He  was  a captain  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
a man  who  passed  through  life  as  a public-spirited  citizen. 
His  consort  was  a daughter  of  Abraham  Shepherd,  an  early 
settler  in  Brown  county,  and  formerly  of  Shepherdstown, 
Virginia.  She  died  in  1846.  Milton  Dunlap  was  occupied 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  attending 
the  district  school  during  the  winter.  In  1824  he  went  to 
Ripley,  Ohio,  and  studied  medicine  and  general  literature 
under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  T.  S.  Williamson  for  about 
eighteen  months.  In  1826  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
became  a clerk  in  a drug  store,  and  also  at  the  same  time 
studied  medicine,  and  attended  upon  the  lectures  delivered 
at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in  the  winter  season,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1829.  The  following 
year  he  located  at  Greenfield,  Highland  county,  Ohio,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  active  control  of  a 
large  medical  practice,  and  has  given  a great  deal  of  atten- 


tion to  obstetrics,  in  which  branch  of  the  profe.ssion  he  has 
been  very  successful.  Up  to  the  present  time  (Lebruary, 
1876)  he  has  attended  no  less  than  4650  obstetrical  cases. 
He  is  a member  of  the  Highland  County'Medical  Society. 
Notwithstanding  the  onerous  duties  of  his  profession,  he  has 
found  the  time  to  contribute  literary  articles  on  medical 
topics  to  the  periodical  literature  of  the  day.  In  politics  he 
is  a Republican.  He  polled  his  maiden  vote  for  John 
Quincy  Adams,  the  anti  Democratic  candidate  for  the  Presi- 
dency; but,  although  taking  a deep  interest  in  political 
matters,  has  never  sought  nor  held  any  public  office  of  a 
partisan  nature.  He  has  been  for  forty-eight  years  a mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  was  for  ten  years  an 
elder  in  that  denomination.  He  is  a valuable  citizen  and 
respected  by  all  who  know  him.  He  was  married  in  1838 
to  Trances  L.  Kinkaid,  of  Ross  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the 
father  of  thirteen  children. 


URKHARDT,  A.  E.,  Merchant,  was  born,  April 
20th,  1845,  in  Herschburg,  near  Guibrucken, 
Rhenish  Provinces,  Bavaria.  When  he  was  ten 
years  of  age  his  father  died,  leaving  his  widow 
and  two  children  to  contend  with  the  world. 
One  of  theSe  children  was  a girl,  the  other  the 
subject  of  this  .sketch.  The  broad  field  offered  by  America 
invited  the  bereft  family,  and  hither  they  came,  settling  in 
Cincinnati.  His  efforts  to  secure  an  education,  begun  at  the 
age  of  six  years  in  his  native  land,  were  continued  in  the 
public  schools  of  Cincinnati  until  the  death  of  his  mother  in 
1859.  Left  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  with  neither  father  nor 
mother,  in  a foreign  land  with  manners  and  customs  and 
language  all  different  from  his  own,  the  boy  had  to  solve  a 
practical  problem  of  no  little  difficulty.  He  made  his  en- 
trance into  the  driving  world  of  business  through  the  furni- 
ture house  of  Mitchell  & Ramelsberg,  Cincinnati,  at  a salary 
of  one  dollar  per  week.  But  fortune  had  better  things  in 
store  for  young  Burkhardt.  At  the  end  of  three  months 
Jacob  Theis,  retail  hatter,  offered  him  one  dollar  and  a half 
per  week.  An  increase  of  fifty  per  cent,  on  his  salary  was 
not  to  be  refused,  and  he  accepted  the  offer.  This  proved 
a judicious  step  and  worked  out  his  future  career.  P'rom 
this  humble  beginning,  by  hard  work  and  strict  integrity,  he 
filled  one  position  after  another  until  his  employer  had  no 
higher  to  give  him.  Mr.  Burkhardt  remained  with  Mr. 
Theis  until  January,  1867,  when  he  associated  himself  with 
his  brother-in-law,  F.  B.  Burkhardt,  and  bought  out  the 
business.  Under  the  immediate  direction  of  Mr.  A.  E. 
Burkhardt  business  grew,  the  firm  prospered  and  soon  had 
to  seek  larger  quarters.  These  they  found  in  their  present 
sjracious  salesrooms  at  No.  113  West  Fourth  .street,  in  Mit- 
chell’s Block,  still  occupying  as  well  the  old  stand  on  Main 
street.  By  the  energy  and  tact  of  the  senior  member,  the 
li'-m  of  A.  E.  Burkhardt  & Co.  has  built  up  an  extensive 


414 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.F.DIA. 


trade,  shipping  raw  skins  in  large  quantities  to  Leipsic, 
London,  aiul  other  foreign  markets.  In  tills  branch  of  their 
business  they  have  over  three  thousand  correspondents.  The 
success  of  Mr.  A.  E.  Burkhardt  from  so  humble  a begin- 
ning is  to  be  attributed  to  his  untiring  industry,  perseverance 
and  determination.  March  ist,  iSyi,  he  married  Emma 
Amanda,  only  daughter  of  Mr.  Andrew  Erkenbrecker,  a 
prominent  merchant  of  Cincinnati. 


fCGREW,  J.  MILTON,  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  October 
30th,  1830.  Ilis  father,  a native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryl.and,  removed  with  his  parents  to  Cincinnati 
in  l3o6,  wdiile  his  mother,  who  was  a native  of 
C.rpe  May,  New  Jersey,  came  to  that  city  in  1S09. 
Ilis  ancestry  on  the  paternal  side  were  Scotch,  and  on  the 
maternal  side  English.  Both  of  his  grandfathers  were  sol- 
diers in  the  Feileral  army  during  the  Revolution,  while  his 
father  served  in  the  war  of  l8l'2.  lie  was  educated  in  the 
Cincinnati  High  Schools,  and  entered  a prominent  institu- 
tion for  a thorough  collegiate  training,  which,  however,  he 
was  obliged  to  leave,  when  fifteen  years  old,  by  the  death  of 
his  father.  He  commenced  to  teach,  and  for  ten  years  fol- 
lowed with  success  this  profession.  In  October,  1S54,  he 
w.as  nominated  by  the  American  and  Republican  parties  for 
Clerk  of  the  Conimon  Pleas  and  District  Courts  of  Cler- 
mont County,  Ohio,  and  was  elected  to  that  office  by  a ma- 
jority of  1700  over  his  Democratic  competitor.  After 
serving  one  term  he  w.as  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practised 
the  profession  of  the  law  for  four  years.  In  1S62  he  was 
appointed  by  Secretary  Chase  to  a clerkship  in  the  office  of 
the  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury,  which 
bureau  settles  the  accounts  of  the  Post  Office  Department. 
Subsequently  he  served  in  various  other  positions  of  impor- 
tance, and  was  honored  by  promotion  through  various 
grades.  On  November  i6ih,  1864,  he  was  appointed  by 
Secretary  Fessenden  to  the  Chief  Clerkship  of  the  Sixth 
Auditor’s  office.  On  the  first  day  of  July,  1875,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Grant  to  the  Sixth  Auditorship,  and  on 
the  first  day  of  February,  1876,  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate. 
His  is  the  only  case  on  record  in  the  Treasury  Department 
in  which  a person  has  passed  through  all  the  grades  from  a 
subordinate  clerkship  to  the  position  of  Chief  of  Bureau. 
He  has  r.ire  executive  ability,  is  perfectly  familiar  with  the 
varied  duties  of  his  responsible  office,  and  in  eveiy  w'ay 
competent  to  discharge  them.  He  w'as  a member  of  the 
first  Republican  Convention  which  assembled  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  on  July  13th,  1S54,  and  was  a delegate  to  every  suc- 
ceeding State  Convention  of  the  party  until  called  to  W.ash- 
ington.  In  1860  he  was  a delegate  to  the  National  Repub- 
lican Convention  at  Chicago,  which  nominated  Abraham 
Lincoln  for  the  Presidency.  Since  his  residence  in  Wash- 
imnon  he  has  been  twice  chosen  President  of  the  Ohio  State 


Republican  Association  ot  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  is 
a- man  of  wide  political  influence,  and  an  active  member  of 
the  Republican  party.  His  mature  judgment  is  often  de- 
ferred to  in  the  conduct  of  campaigns  in  his  State.  He  is 
generally  esteemed  for  his  fidelity  and  .skill  as  an  official, 
and  for  his  liberal  views  and  high  social  qualities  as  a 
private  citizen. 


ARDNER,  CAPTAIN  GEORGE  B.,  Lawyer,  w.as 
born  in  Russellville,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  May 
2d,  1S28.  His  father,  a native  of  Ohio,  followed 
through  life  the  trade  of  a cabinet-maker,  and 
w.as  also  at  different  periods  a merchant,  a trader, 
.and  a hotel  keeper.  He  was  an  active  partici- 
pant in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  August  5th,  1873.  His 
mother,  Elma  S.  (Barrere)  Gardner,  a native  of  High- 
land county,  Ohio,  was  a daughter  of  George  W.  Barrere,  a 
prominent  pioneer  of  the  last-mentioned  county.  His  pa- 
ternal grandfather,  Benjamin  Gardner,  took  an  active  part 
in  the  events  of  revolutionary  days.  He  moved  at  an  early 
day  from  New  York  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Brown  county, 
where  he  resided  until  his  decease  in  1840.  His  eariy  boy- 
hood days  were  passed  alternately  in  working  on  a farm 
during  the  summer  season,  and  in  attending  school  in  the 
winter  months.  He  was  subsequently  placed  as  an  appren- 
tice in  the  printing  office  of  The  Political  Examiner,  at 
Georgetown,  Brown  county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  for 
four  and  a half  years.  He  then  attended  a select  school  at 
Ripley,  Ohio,  for  two  years,  while  his  leisure  hours  and 
every  Saturday  were  spent  in  working  at  the  printing  office, 
for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  expenses  of  his  sustenance 
and  tuition.  His  life  as  a irrinterand  student  in  Ripley,  Ohio, 
continued  until  1849,  " hen  he  spent  a few  months  in  the  law 
office  of  his  uncle,  N.  Barrere,  at  Hillsborough,  Ohio,  and 
then  removed  to  Washington,  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  w’here  he 
purchased  the  Fayette  New  Era.  In  the  ediiorship  of  this 
paper  he  was  engaged  until  June,  1856.  During  those  inter- 
vening years  of  his  experience  as  editor  and  publisher,  he 
had,  when  temporarily  at  leisure,  continued  the  study  of  law', 
and  after  passing  the  required  examination,  was  in  1855 
admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1857,  upon  renouncing  the  further 
pursuit  of  the  newspaper  business,  he  entered  on  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Washington,  Fayette  county,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  professional  labors  until  the  fall  of  1861. 
He  then  acconqranied  the  60th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  as  Captain  of  Company  C,  to  the  seat  of  war  in 
V'irginia,  and  served  with  his  company  and  as  Acting  As- 
sistant Adjutant-General  of  Brigade  until  the  surrender  of 
Harper’s  Ferry,  where  his  regiment  was  one  of  the  bodies 
captured.  It  was  then  immediately  paroled  and  sent  to  the 
Parole  Camp,  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  there  remained  until 
the  expiration  of  its  term  of  service.  In  November,  1862, 
he  returned  to  Washington,  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  and  in 
the  winter  of  1862-63  served  as  Deputy  Assessor  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOICEDIA. 


415 


United  States  for  Internal  Revenue.  In  April  of  the  latter 
year  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Enrolment  for  the 
Sixth  Congressional  Ohio  District,  head-quarters  at  Hills- 
borough, and  was  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  that  office  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1S65,  still  re- 
maining in  Hillsborough,  he  opened  an  office  for  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  wdiere  he  yet  remains,  engaged  in  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession.  .He  has  been  Justice  of  the 
Peace  since  his  residence  in  Hillsborough,  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Town  Council,  and  for  two  years  officiated 
as  Mayor  of  the  city.  He  was  chiefly  influential  in  securing 
the  construction  of  the  new  city  buildings,  and  also  in  the 
purchase  of  the  steam  fire-engines.  In  1867  he  was  a can- 
didate for  the  position  of  Prosecuting  Attorney.  He  has 
always  taken  a warm  interest  in  public  improvements,  and 
is  always  thoroughly  awake  to  the  importance  of  all  measuBcs 
projected  for  the  profitable  development  of  the  true  interests 
of  his  city  and  county.  Politically,  he  was  a Whig,  and 
afterwards  an  ardent  supporter  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas. 
Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  1S61,  he  joined  his 
fortunes  wdth  the  Union  party,  and  is  new  a Republican. 
He  was  married.  May  3d,  1853,  to  Amanda  Robinson,  a 
native  of  Fayette  county,  Ohio. 


ADE,  BENJAMIN  P’.,  ex-United  States  Senator, 
was  born  on  the  27th  of  October,  1800,  in  P'eed- 
ing  Hills  parish,  Massachusetts.  He  was  next  to 
the  youngest  of  ten  children,  and  his  father  w-as  a 
soldier  of  the  Revolution,  who  fought  in  every 
battle  from  Bunker  Hill  to  Vorktown.  His 
mother,  the  daughter  of  a Presbyterian  clergyman,  was  a 
woman  of  fine  intellect  and  remarkable  force  of  mind  and 
character.  Benjamin’s  school  advantages  were  condensed 
into  seven  days’  attendance  upon  a district  school  in  his 
early  boyhood,  for  the  family  enjoyed  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  poorest  in  New  England.  But  his  mother 
became  his  teacher,  and  under  her  patient  and  competent 
tuition  he  soon  learned  to  read  and  write.  There  W'ere  a 
few  books  in  the  house,  and  these  he  got  hold  of  and  read 
and  re-read,  becoming  thereby,  notwithstanding  his  meagre 
school  opportunities,  better  informed  than  the  great  major- 
ity of  boys  of  his  age.  Most  of  his  boyhood  was  passed 
working  on  a farm,  for  which  he  received  only  the  most 
meagre  wages ; and  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he 
concluded  that  he  could  do  better  in  the  West  than  he  was 
doing  at  home.  So,  with  seven  dollars  in  his  pocket  and  a 
bundle  of  clothing  on  his  back,  he  started  on  foot  for  Oliio. 
He  walked  as  far  as  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  when  he  was 
stopped  by  a very  heavy  fall  of  snow,  and  concluded  to 
wait  until  spring  before  he  finished  his  pedestrian  tour.  He 
obtained  a job  of  cutting  wood,  at  fifty  cents  a cord,  in  the 
Ohio  forest,  and  for  the  rest  of  the  winter  his  days  were 
occupied  with  this  work.  His  evenings  were  spent  in  read- 


ing the  Bible  by  the  light  of  the  fire  in  the  log  cabin,  and 
before  spring  he  had  read  through  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments. Spring  came,  and  still  he  did  not  resume  his  jour- 
ney to  Illinois,  having  been  persuaded  to  remain  where  he 
was  and  spend  the  spring  and  summer  in  chopping,  logging 
and  grubbing.  The  next  winter  he,  who  had  only  attended 
school  as  a learner  during  one  single  week  of  his  life,  en- 
gaged as  a school  teacher,  and  passed  successfully  through 
the  season  in  that  employment.  For  two  years  he  remained 
here,  engaged  in  this  manner,  and  then  he  undertook  the 
driving  of  herds  of  cattle  from  Ohio  to  New  York.  He 
made  six  trips  of  this  kind,  finding  himself,  at  the  end  of 
the  last  one,  in  Albany,  New  York,  as  winter  was  coming 
on.  He  decided  to  remain  there  for  a time,  and  did  so, 
teaching  school  there  that  winter.  In  the  spring  he  hired 
out  to  shovel  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  spent  the  summer  in 
that  manner,  being,  as  Governor  Seward  said  in  a speech 
in  the  United  Stales  Senate,  “ the  only  American  I know 
who  worked  with  a spade  and  wheelbarrow  on  the  great 
improvement.”  At  the  end  of  the  summer  he  returned  to 
Ohio,  and  taught  school  there  the  next  winter.  The  next 
spring  he  commenced  the  study  of  law'  with  Hon.  Elisha 
Whitllesby,  and  W'as  soon  afterwards  elected  a Justice  of 
the  Peace.  After  two  years  of  hard  study  he  w'as  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  then  w'aited  tw’o  wears  longer  for  his  first 
suit.  It  came  at  last,.and  w'as  won,  and  from  that  time  for- 
ward his  success  was  assured  and  steady.  Not  long  after- 
W'ards  he  w'as  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Ashtabula 
county,  and  so  took  another  very  important  step  forward. 
But  it  was  not  as  a lawyer  that  his  future  was  to  be  W'orked 
out.  He  became  active  in  politics,  acting  with  the  kVhig 
party,  and  in  a short  time  he  w'as  elected  to  the  Ohio  State 
Senate.  There  he  took  the  lead  of  the  Whig  minority, 
aided  in  abolishing  the  law  permitting  imprisonment  for 
debt,  inaugurated  a w’ar  against  the  Ohio  “ Black  Laws,” 
and  took  a bold  stand  against  the  admission  of  Texas  into 
the  Union,  declaring:  “.So  help  me  God!  I will  never 
assist  in  adding  another  rod  of  slave  territory  to  this  coun- 
try.” His  earnest  vigor  led  him  to  a position  far  in  ad- 
vance of  that  occupied  by  his  party,  and  as  a result  of  it, 
he  was  left  at  home  w'hen  the  next  election  took  place. 
After  a while,  however,  people  came  forw’ard  to  the  point 
where  he  stood,  and  he  was  again  sent  to  the  .State  Senate. 
There  he  jirocured  the  jtassage  of  the  bill  which  founded 
the  Oberlin  College,  where  “persons,  without  regard  to 
race  or  color,”  could  be  educated.  He  led  the  resistance 
of  the  State  to  the  resolution  of  Congress,  denying  the  right 
of  the  people  to  petition  concerning  the  abolition  of  slavery, 
and  thoroughly  identified  himself  with  those  farthest  in  the 
advance  in  .Stale  and  national  reform.  In  1847  "■'’s 

elected  President  Judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District,  and 
occupied  the  bench  for  four  years,  earning  the  reputation, 
among  the  members  of  the  bar  and  the  people  at  large,  of 
being  a wise  and  a just  judge.  In  March,  1851,  while  he 
was  hearing  a case  in  court,  the  firing  of  a cannon  in  the 


4i6 


BIOGRArHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


streets  of  Akron  announced  that  he  had  been  elected  by 
the  Legislature  to  a seat  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 
He  had  not  sought  for  the  position,  and  his  friends  had  not 
labored  to  secure  it  for  him.  Tlie  people  had  determined 
that  a man  should  be  chosen  who  would  fitly  and  ade- 
tjuately  represent  them,  and  he  was  selected  as  that  man. 
He  entered  the  Senate,  one  of  a very  few  who  were  opposed 
to  the  aggressions  of  slavery,  and  he  almost,  more  than  any 
other,  caused  his  opposition  to  be  felt  and  acknowledged. 
He  showed  himself  brave  against  every  influence  and 
against  all  odds,  and  distinctly  announced  that  he  came 
there  especially  as  the  advocate  of  liberty  against  slavery. 
His  long  career  in  the  Senate  was  marked  by  indomitable 
energy,  unfailing  courage,  and  a swiftness  of  thought  and 
purpose  that  enabled  him  to  meet  every  emergency  and 
every  form  of  opposition  with  wonderfully  prompt  effective- 
ness. It  was  in  the  conflict  with  the  slave  power  that  his 
most  memorable  acts  were  performed.  He  reported  from 
the  Committee  on  Territories  the  first  provision  prohibiting 
slavery  in  all  the  Territories  of  the  United  States  to  be 
henceforth  acquired,  and  he  proposed  in  the  Senate  the 
bill  for  negro  suffrage  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  His 
brave  and  outspoken  opposition  to  their  claims  won  for  him 
the  respect  of  the  Southern  leaders  against  whom  he 
arrayed  himself,  a respect  which  Toombs,  of  Georgia,  ac- 
knowdedged,  in  plain  terms,  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate.  A 
notable  instance  of  his  nerve  and  courage  was  afforded  in 
his  dealing  with  one  of  the  old  time  “ fire-eaters.”  A short 
time  after  he  entered  the  Senate,  a Southern  member 
grossly  insulted  a Senator  from  the  North.  After  the  Senate 
adjourned  Senator  Wade  took  occasion  to  say,  openly,  that 
if  ever  a Southern  .Senator  made  such  an  attack  upon  him 
or  Ohio,  he  would  brand  him  as  a liar.  This  came  to  the 
ears  of  Southern  men,  and  not  long  afterwards  one  of  them 
took  occasion  to  speak  very  pointedly  of  the  people  of  Ohio 
as  negro  thieves.  .Senator  Wade  instantly  sprang  to  his 
feet  and  pronounced  the  Southern  .Senator  a liar.  There 
was  intense  excitement,  of  course,  and  the  hold  Ohioan  w.as 
called  upon  for  a retraction  or  apology.  In  return,  he  de- 
manded an  apology  for  the  insult  that  had  been  offered  to 
himself  and  his  .State.  The  next  day  he  w.as  called  upon 
by  a representative  of  the  Southerner,  to  ascertain  whether 
an  apology  or  a fight  were  more  to  the  mind  of  the  Ohio 
Senator.  The  latter  expressed  his  conviction  that  the 
Southern  Senator  was  “ a foul-mouthed  old  blackguard,” 
and  requested  that  the  sentiment  might  be  conveyed,  in  his 
name,  to  the  Senator  aforesaid.  This  ended  the  whole 
affrir,  and  he  was  ever  afterwards  treated  with  ixiliteness 
and  respect.  It  was  near  the  close  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Con- 
gress that  he  was  elected  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Sen- 
ate, at  a time  when  it  seemed  possible  and  even  probable 
that  his  selection  to  that  position  would  result  in  his  eleva- 
tion to  the  Presidential  chair,  by  reason  of  Mr.  Johnson’s 
impeachment  and  removal.  Mr.  Johnson  was  not  removed, 
and  the  President  of  the  Sen.ate  did  not  become  the  Presi- 


dent of  the  nation  ; but  the  narrow  escape  of  the  one,  and 
the  near  approach  of  the  other,  constitute  a remarkable  and 
memorable  incident  in  the  history  of  the  country.  He 
retired  from  the  Senate  on  the  4th  of  March,  1869,  when 
his  successor,  Allen  C.  Thurman,  elected  by  a Democratic 
Legislature,  took  his  seat.  Senator  Wade  has  great  force, 
directness  and  effect  as  an  orator,  although  he  exhibits  but 
little  oratorical  polish.  He  is  an  original  and  powerful 
thinker,  and,  notwithstanding  the  disadvantages  of  his 
youth,  he  is  possessed  of  a large  fund  of  learning.  His 
manners  are  plain  and  unaffected,  and  his  tastes  are  as 
simple  as  in  times  long  gone  by.  He  was  married,  in 
1840,  to  Caroline  Rosecrantz,  of  Middletown,  Connecticut. 
His  residence  is  in  Jefferson,  the  seat  of  Ashtal  ul.r  county, 
Ohio.  He  has  two  sons,  one  of  whom  is  Major  James  H. 
Wade,  of  the  9th  Regular  Cavalry  United  States  army. 

ONES,  JOHN  PAUL,  Editor  and  Proprietor  of  the 
Toledo  Blade,  was  born  in  Youngstown,  Ohio, 
June  23d,  1839,  descending  from  Scotch-lrish 
ancestry.  There  he  passed  his  childhood  and  his 
school  days,  leaving  the  high  school  there  in 
1856.  He  was  a bright  scholar,  fond  of  books, 
but  quite  as  fond  of  fun.  He  studied  well  and  attentively 
in  that  school,  the  world,  and  as  a boy  was  alert,  observant 
and  inquiring,  gaining  a vast  deal  of  practical  information 
where  the  ordinary  boy  would  have  seen  no  opportunity, 
and  exemplifying  in  a marked  manner  the  sound  sense  of 
the  philosopher’s  advice,  to  “go  through  life  with  your 
eyes  and  ears  open.”  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  set  out 
to  seek  his  fortune,  and  landed  in  Chicago  in  1856,  with 
even  a less  foundation  on  which  to  build  it  than  the  tradi- 
tional half-dollar  of  Robert  Collyer,  or  the  oft-heralded 
impecuniosity  of  Horace  Greeley.  He  began  his  business 
career  as  messenger-boy  and  index-clerk  in  the  office  of  the 
old  G.  & C.  U.  Railroad,  remaining  with  that  company, 
but  constantly  earning  and  receiving  promotion,  until  i860. 
Having  by  this  time  attracted  the  attention  of  the  officials 
of  other  lines,  who  were  not  slow  to  recognize  his  unusual 
business  qualities,  and  were  shrewd  enough  to  argue  the 
possibilities  of  the  man  from  the  marked  characteristics 
of  the  boy,  he  found  himself  at  liberty  to  make  choice 
among  several  desirable  positions.  He  became  at  this  time 
Cashier  for  the  Lake  Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
Company,  and  the  subsequent  history  of  the  several  lines 
that  then  sought  his  services  abundantly  confirmed  the 
sagacity  that  guided  his  choice.  After  three  years  in  this 
position  he  was  made  Chief  Clerk  of  the  General  Freight 
Department  at  Toledo.  A year  later  he  was  elected  Local 
Treasurer  of  the  company,  and  continued  in  that  office 
until  the  company  removed  its  head-quarters  to  Chicago, 
and  Mr.  Jones  elected  to  engage  in  a different  line  of  busi- 
ness. When  it  became  a matter  of  certainty  that  the  general 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


417 


offices  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad  would  be  transferred  to 
Chicago,  Mr.  Jones’  standing  and  popularity  in  Toledo 
were  at  once  demonstrated.  Several  leading  citizens,  un- 
derstanding that  this  movement  would  probably  take  Mr. 
Jones  to  Chicago,  approached  him  on  the  subject  and  in- 
sisted on  his  remaining  in  Toledo.  Mr.  Jones’  own  judg- 
ment was  not  averse  to  their  suggestions,  provided  the  way 
seemed  open.  Pending  the  consideration  of  this  matter, 
Mr.  Jones  met  Mr.  Locke  socially,  and  a one-half  interest 
in  the  Blade  coming  into  the  market  about  this  time,  the 
result  was  that  in  1S67  Mr.  Jones  purchased  one-fourth  of 
the  Locke  (Nasby)  taking  a one-fourth  interest 

at  the  same  time.  Mr.  Jones  became  at  once  its  business 
manager,  and  by  his  financial  ability  and  admirable  execu- 
tive talent  added  to  its  growth  in  assisting  it  to  be  one  of 
the  most  profitable  newspaper  enterprises  in  the  West, 
placing  it  in  the  front  rank  among  the  leading  journals  of 
the  United  .States.  In  1872  he,  with  Mr.  Locke,  bought 
the  other  half  of  the  Blade,  and  in  February,  1875,  M''- 
Jones  became  its  sole  proprietor.  Continuing,  as  he  has 
always  done,  to  manage  its  affairs,  he  also  controls  and 
directs  its  policy,  and  will  undoubtedly  make  it,  if  he  has 
not  already  done  so,  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  far- 
reaching  political  organs  of  the  Northwest.  He  is  a clear 
thinker,  quick  to  apprehend,  ready  to  take  and  strong  to 
hold  a position,  and  possesses  in  an  unusual  degree  the 
ability  to  present  briefly  and  tellingly  the  points  which  de- 
termine his  advocacy  of  a measure  or  his  repudiation  of  a 
policy.  He  is  exceptionally  correct  in  his  intuitions,  and 
following,  as  he  does,  his  convictions  with  perfect  and 
straightforward  honesty,  his  success,  accomplished  or  pros- 
pective, is  not  problematical.  Mr.  Jones  is  a Republican, 
from  political  convictions,  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln, 
and  is  one  among  the  most  active  members  of  that  party. 
He  has  never  held  public  office,  and  has  neither  time  nor 
inclination  therefor.  He  was  at  one  time  a member  of 
Chicago  Light  Artillery,  Company  A.  Mr.  Jones  married, 
October  ist,  1863,  Rosa  Bell,  of  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 


AYLOR,  ALEXANDER  D.,  was  born  in  Hamp- 
shire county,  Virginia,  November  ist,  1799,  and 
was  taken  in  infancy  to  Belmont  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  received  a common  school  education, 
and  was  married  to  Sarah  Danner,  March  loth, 
1825.  He  farmed,  manufactured  brick,  dealt  in 
real  estate,  and  taught  school,  prior  to  his  settlement  on  a 
farm  in  Oxford  township,  fluernsey  county,  in  1832.  Here 
he  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  a number  of  years, 
during  which  time  he  studied  law  and  military  tactics, 
serving  as  Captain,  Colonel,  and  afterwards  as  General  of 
Ohio  militia,  until  the  organization  ceased,  proving  himself 
a thorough  tactician  and  first-rate  commander.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and 
53 


practised  his  profession  many  years  in  the  courts  of  eastern 
Ohio,  a portion  of  the  time  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Benjamin  S.  Cowen,  of  St.  Clairsville.  Being  an  active 
local  politician,  he  was  chosen  as  the  nominee  of  the  Whig 
party  for  State  Senator  in  the  days  of  its  adversity  in  the 
district,  and  made  a good  run.  General  Taylor  tendered 
his  services  to  the  country  at  the  outbreak  of  the  slave- 
holders’ rebellion,  proffering  to  take  a position  in  the  field, 
but  was  dissuaded  from  doing  so  by  Governor  Dennison,  in 
a letter  commending  his  spirit  of  patriotism,  on  account  of 
age  and  inactivity  caused  by  corpulency.  He  died  in  Cam- 
bridge, October  I5lh,  1863,  aged  sixty-four  years.  Sarah 
Taylor,  his  widow,  survives  in  good  health,  residing  in 
Cambridge,  aged  seventy-three  years.  They  reared  and 
educated  on  the  farm  in  Guernsey  county  the  following 
children  : William  Penn,  John  Clarkson,  Joseph  Danner, 
Alexander  Addison,  James  Byron,  George  Kennon,  Wilson 
Shannon,  Thomas  Corwin,  David  Danner,  and  Sarah  Eliza. 
All  these  survive,  except  William,  who  died  February 
l8th,  1870,  aged  forty-four  years.  Two  daughters  died  in 
youth.  The  surviving  daughter  is  the  wife  of  Rev.  A.  L. 
Petty,  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference,  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  Presiding  Elder  of  Cambridge  district  for  four 
years  past.  Several  of  the  sons  are  elsewhere  mentioned 
in  this  work. 


OTTER,  EZRa\,  Real  Estate  Dealer,  was  born  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio,  on  December  loth,  1810. 
He  is  of  \Y4ilsh-Scotch  descent,  although  his  an- 
cestors, on  both  his  father’s  and  his  mother’s  side, 
were,  for  generations,  residents  of  New  Jersey, 
and  were  identified  with  the  early  history  of  Long 
He  enjoyed  in  his  youth  the  meagre  educational 
adv.antages  to  be  obtained  in  the  log  school  houses  of  the 
pioneer  settlement  in  which  he  was  born,  obtaining  there 
the  mere  rudiments  of  an  English  education,  employing 
thus  the  intervals  when  he  could  be  spared  from  the  work 
of  assisting  his  father  to  clear  up  the  wilderness  and  prepare 
the  land  for  cultivation.  When  he  was  twenty-five  years 
old  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself,  opening  a general 
countiy  store  in  Butler  county.  He  continued  in  this  busi- 
ness for  eighteen  years,  achieving  a fair  success  during  that 
time.  His  health,  however,  was  delicate,  and  the  confine- 
ment incident  to  mercantile  business  disagreed  with  him. 
He  gave  up  storekeeping,  therefore,  in  1856,  removed  to 
Hamilton,  and  there  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business, 
which  has  ever  since  continued  to  occupy  him.  He  has 
mixed  but  little  in  politics,  but  has  been  identified  with  all 
measures,  political  or  otherwise,  which  had  for  their  purpose 
the  improvement  of  the  city  and  the  elevation  of  society. 
He  is  a man  of  quiet,  equable  disposition,  but  possessing 
great  strength  of  character  and  unyielding  integrity.  His 
business  career  has  been  one  of  quiet,  stea<ly  success,  atnl 
his  home  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  refined  in  the  city. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


41S 

He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Mary  L. 
Good,  of  Butler  county,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1835. 
She  died  in  1S41,  leaving  two  children.  In  1844  he  mar- 
ried Catherine  M.  Miller,  also  of  Butler  county.  Three 
children  have  resulted  from  this  union,  two  of  whom  still 
survive. 

IRBY,  HON.  JOSIAH,  Manufacturer  and  Inven- 
tor of  the  first  Bung-Making  Machine,  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  M.aryland,  in  1816.  With  little 
schooling  and  at  an  early  age  he  was  placed  to 
learn  the  carpenter’s  trade.  In  1837  he  and  his 
father  m ved  to  Cincinnati,  and  there,  relinquish- 
ing their  original  intention  of  settling  in  .St.  Louis,  decided 
to  become  permanent  residents  of  the  city.  Here  he  con- 
tinued to  work  at  his  trade  until  1847,  when  an  incident 
occurred  which  turned  the  work  of  his  life  into  a new 
channel.  His  attention  was  called  to  the  necessity  of  a 
machine  for  making  bungs.  Upon  this  long-felt  need  he 
centred  his  thoughts,  and  before  a year  had  elapsed  his 
idea  was  perfected  and  the  desired  machine  completed.  In 
the  following  year  he  secured  its  protection  under  patent 
rights.  Before  he  was  able  to  reap  any  permanent  benefit 
from  his  invention,  however,  his  entire  establishment  was 
consumed  by  fire.  I.eaving  the  scene  of  his  misfortune, 
north  of  the  canal,  he  located  his  factory  on  Seventh  street, 
east  of  Sycamore  street,  and  there  at  once  applied  himself 
to  the  construction  of  a new  machine.  Without  funds,  and 
hampered  also  by  various  debts,  he  was  placed  temporarily 
in  very  embarrassing  circumstances,  and  was  compelled  to 
]irosecute  his  labors  at  a great  disadvantage.  But  knowing 
the  value  of  his  invention,  and  placing  unlimited  faith  in 
the  future  realization  of  his  hopes,  he  continued  at  his  toil, 
persistently  and  bravely.  Becoming  dissatisfied  with  his 
first  and  second  machines,  he  produced  and  patented  others, 
until  he  had  obtained,  in  all,  patents  on  nine  or  ten  different 
inventions — bung-making  machines.  In  1868  he  manufac- 
tured a machine  which  turned  out  one  hundred  bungs  per 
minute,  and  his  most  sanguine  friends  imagined  that  he 
had  reached  the  most  perfect  result  possible.  In  1875  he 
completed  another  whose  productive  capacity  was  over 
thirty  thousand  perfect  bungs  per  hour.  May  31st,  1875, 
several  hundred  gentlemen  assembled  to  witness  the  work- 
ing of  this  machine,  among  them  many  competent  judges 
of  mechanical  productions,  and  all  testified  in  glowing 
terms  to  its  excellence  and  thoroughness.  On  this  occasion 
a generous  banquet  was  provided  at  the  expense  of  the  in- 
ventor, at  which  M.  Halstead  of  the  Cincinnati  Commer- 
cial, and  several  other  well-known  citizens,  delivered  con- 
gratulatory speeches.  This  factory  has  been,  for  several 
years,  located  on  Lodge  street,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth 
streets,  and  has  now  in  constant  use  five  or  six  bung  makers, 
with  s.aws,  planing  machines,  and  every  mechanical  inven- 
tion designed  to  increase  the  value  of  time  and  labor.  The 


sales  and  business  relations  of  this  house  are  large  and  im- 
portant, their  trade  connections  extending  like  a net-work 
over  the  entire  Union  and  the  Canadas,  and  existing  even 
in  Europe.  Since  1873  establishment  has  been  owned 
and  operated  by  a stock  company,  of  which  the  original 
head  and  founder  is  President  and  chief  stockholder. 
Probably  no  other  manufacture  has  brought  wealth  to  Cin- 
cinnati from  a larger  area  of  the  country  than  this,  while, 
with  an  extension  of  the  patent,  the  inventor  will  certainly 
acquire  a very  large  fortune.  Other  bung-machines  since 
in  use  are  merely  modifications  of  his  invention,  and  in 
many  points  of  inferior  excellence.  In  addition  to  attend- 
ing to  his  own  private  interests,  he  has  been  concerned  in 
a more  or  less  intimate  relation  in  many  of  the  more  im- 
portant measures  bearing  upon  the  growth  and  advancement 
of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Southern 
Railroad,  and  for  several  years  was  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  Railroad  Committee.  To  that  body  he  subse- 
quently submitted  several  important  reports.  He  became 
one  of  the  originators  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  in  1870 
was  elected  to  occupy  its  presidential  chair.  He  is  now 
one  of  its  most  active  and  valued  members.  P'or  several 
years  he  officiated  as  President  of  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport, 
& Southwestern  Railway  Company.  In  1863  he  was 
elected,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  .served  through  his  term  of  two  years  with  marked 
ability.  He  has  also  been  mentioned  recently  in  connection 
with  the  Governorship  of  the  State.  Peculiarly  the  archi- 
tect of  his  own  fortune,  he  has  deservedly  acquired  the 
favorable  reputation  which,  bringing  him  prominently  before 
the  public,  promises  to  place  him  in  a high  and  honorable 
position.  The  “ National  Union  Association,”  an  im- 
portant war  organization,  came  into  being  in  his  office,  and 
to  his  efforts  and  labors  its  successful  existence  is  mainly 
attributable.  He  was  a member  of  its  Executive  Commit- 
tee. It  was  officered  by  many  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Cincinnati,  and  was  composed  of  from  four  to  five  thousand 
members,  in  Hamilton  county,  with  branch  organizations 
throughout  the  .State.  Acting  as  the  people’s  medium  in 
contributing  toward  defraying  election  expenses,  and  aiding 
in  every  way  the  cause  of  the  Union,  it  was  free  from  any 
aspect  of  secrecy  or  taint  of  nativism,  aiming  only  to  sup- 
port and  defend  the  principles  and  measures  of  the  Federal 
government.  One  of  the  leading  sentiments  of  the  Asso- 
ciation was  : “ Forgetting  all  past  political  differences,  and 
placing  the  salvation  of  the  Union  above  all  party  or  other 
predilections,  we  are  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Federal 
government  against  all  enemies  at  home  or  abroad.” 
Through  this  organization,  and  the  zealous  and  efficient  part 
he  took  in  its  action,  he  first  came  into  political  prominence. 
It  remained  intact  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  the  few 
hundred  dollars  still  remaining  in  its  treasury  were  given 
to  one  of  the  charitable  institutions  of  the  city.  Wholly 
without  personal  political  aspirations,  he  yet  takes  an  ear- 
nest interest  in  the  important  movements  of  the  day,  and  is 


I " - 


PuiJ.Cb  Bv2<ld°' 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


419 


untiring  in  his  exertions  to  secure  for  the  local  and  general 
governments  the  services  of  those  best  qualified  to  fill  the 
various  offices.  He  was  married  in  1837  to  Miss  Hargy, 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

OLENSPIADE,  JAMES  C.  C.,  Merchant  and 
Manufacturer,  was  born  on  May  12th,  1828,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  of  Scolch-Irish 
descent  on  both  sides  of  his  family,  although  his 
father  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  his 
mother  at  Marysville,  Kentucky.  His  father  was 
an  invalid,  and  the  son  was  ambitious  to  render  himself 
independent  of  parental  support  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment.  When  he  was  only  seven  years  of  age  he  began 
to  work  for  his  own  livelihood.  It  may  readily  be  supposed, 
therefore,  that  his  educational  advantages,  during  his  earlier 
years,  at  least,  were  of  the  most  limited  description.  But 
though  he  gained  but  a meagre  supply  of  knowledge  from 
books,  he  put  himself,  thus  e.rrly,  in  the  way  of  acquiring  a 
practical  knowledge  which  vras  to  stand  him  in  better  stead, 
later  in  life,  than  any  amount  of  mere  book-learning  could 
possibly  have  done.  When  he  was  seven  years  old,  he 
went  to  work  as  a breaker  of  type  in  the  Cincinnati  Type 
h'oundry  of  Wilson,  Guilford  & Co.  Here  he  worked 
through  years  of  patient  industry,  graduating  in  every 
department  of  the  establishment.  Then — for  it  was  the 

most  natural  thing  in  the  world  to  step  from  the  making 
of  types  to  the  using  thereof — he  went  to  work  in  the 
printing  office  of  Brooks  & Co.  Here  he  remained  until 
he  had  mastered  the  details  of  the  business,  and  then,  still 
following  the  natural  sequence  of  industrial  progress,  he 
entered  the  book-binding  establishment  of  Cropper  & Co. 
He  remained  in  this  business  long  enough  to  fit  himself  for 
the  performance  of  all  the  duties  of  every  department. 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  he  had  no  school  opportuni- 
ties up  to  this  time,  cr  perhaps  in  consequence  of  that  fact, 
his  love  and  respect  for  books  were  intense,  and  his  present 
occupation  served  to  increase  them.  The  oppf)rtunity  to 
develop  and  gratify  his  literaiy  taste  was  what  he  earnestly 
desired.  Therefore,  on  leaving  the  bookbindery,  he  sought 
and  obtained  employment  in  the  book-store  of  J.  C.  & W. 
P.  Jones.  Here  he  not  only  gratified  the  desire  so  long 
felt,  but  also  acquired  a thorough  knowledge  of  practical 
business  details.  He  was  prepossessing  in  manner,  and  his 
rare  business  capacity  was  manifest  to  all,  and  these  quali- 
ties, attracting,  as  they  did,  the  attention  of  many,  led  to 
his  engagement,  at  a lucrative  salary,  with  one  of  the  lead- 
ing merchants  of  the  city.  For  several  years  after  this  he 
was  employed  in  the  dry-goods  house  of  John  M.  Brad- 
street,  and  was  subsequently  engaged  in  the  queensware 
business  with  William  I.illey,  and  in  both  places  he  won 
the  high  regard  of  employers  and  jratrons.  Still  entertain- 
ing his  literary  ambition,  and  having  in  view  a professional 
life,  he  took  up  a systematic  course  of  study,  and  by  dint 


of  untiring  application,  he  passed  through  the  course  at 
Woodward  High  School,  Cincinnati,  and  was  rapidly  ad- 
vancing still  farther,  when  failing  health  compelled  him, 
for  the  time  at  least,  to  give  up  the  severe  strain  of  so  much 
mental  labor,  and  to  relinquish  his  cherished  project  of 
professional  life.  With  a view  to  giving  a full  share  of 
work  to  his  body  as  well  as  his  mind,  he  next  took  employ- 
ment in  the  moulding  department  of  William  Resor  & Co.’s 
foundry,  in  Cincinnati.  He  possessed  great  mechanical 
and  inventive  genius,  and  very  soon  developed  rare  me- 
chanical skill,  and  these  qualities  were  speedily  recognized, 
and  won  for  him  rapid  promotion.  He  possessed  strong 
and  marked  personal  characteristics,  and  these  gave  him  a 
high  degree  of  influence  among  those  with  whom  he  was 
thrown  in  contact.  During  the  remarkable  strike  of  the 
workmen  in  the  stove  manufactories  of  Cincinnati,  in  1848, 
this  influence  was  shown  to  be  extraordinary,  and  directed 
by  his  cool  judgment  and  his  clear  perceptions,  it  enabled 
him  to  prevent  many  an  act  of  hostility  and  violence.  He 
could  not  bring  himself  to  remain  idle,  during  the  strike  or 
at  any  other  time,  so  he  became  salesman  for  Buss  & Shep- 
hard, on  Fifth  street.  He  had  long  since  determined  to  go 
into  business  on  his  own  account,  and  therefore  he  re- 
mained but  a short  time  with  this  firm,  notwithstanding 
their  tempting  ofler  of  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  profits  of  a 
branch  establishment,  on  condition  that  he  would  manage 
it.  His  sympathy  with  the  striking  mechanics  was  very 
great,  and  he  became  their  active  and  zealous  advocate. 
The  workmen,  on  their  part,  chose  him,  a skilled  mechanic, 
a promising  merchant,  and  a man  of  rare  and  valuable 
personal  qualities,  for  their  fitting  champion.  His  interest 
in  the  workingmen’s  movement,  and  his  purpose  to  estab- 
lish himself  in  business  in  some  other  capacity  than  that 
of  employe,  led  him  to  develop  a plan,  striking  in  its  bold- 
ness and  comprehensiveness.  In  pursuance  of  this  plan, 
he  organized  a corporation,  the  stock  of  which  was  to  be 
paid  in  labor.  This  work  he  began  and  prosecuted  on  his 
own  personal  resources  and  credit,  and  the  result  of  his 
exertions  was  the  erection  and  the  successful  operation  of 
th"  Moulders’  Union  Foundry,  at  California,  Ohio,  eight 
miles  above  Cincinnati.  When  the  success  of  this  enter- 
prise had  become  fully  assured,  he  resigned  his  position  as 
President  and  Manager  of  the  association,  and  engaged  in 
the  hardware  business  in  Cincinnati.  In  this  he  continued 
for  several  years,  and  achieved  great  success  in  it.  When 
the  Ohio  & Mississippi  Railroad  was  being  built,  he  com- 
peted with  the  Eastern  establishments  for  the  supply  ot 
bolts,  etc.,  needed  in  the  work.  He  was  awarded  a heavy 
contract,  to  be  fulfilled  in  thirty  days,  and,  although  he  had 
no  factory  of  his  own,  he  was  so  energetic  and  enterprising 
that  his  full  supply  of  material  was  forthcoming  one  day 
before  the  time  stipulated.  Tliis  success  led  to  the  organ- 
ization of  the  firm  of  Holenshade  & Brother,  who  owned 
and  operated  the  Great  Western  Bolt  Works,  of  Cincinnati, 
for  a term  of  several  years,  during  which  their  success  was 


420 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


great  and  uninterrupted.  In  lS6o,  although  only  thirty-two 
years  of  age,  he  retired  from  active  business  life,  and  de- 
voted himself  to  the  culture  and  improvement  of  his  fruit 
farm  on  Colerain  turnpike,  about  six  miles  from  Cincinnati. 
The  breaking  out  of  the  war,  however,  recalled  him  to  the 
field  of  active  business  enterprise.  When  the  first  call  for 
army  wagons  was  made,  in  May,  l86l,  he  determined  to 
secure  to  his  native  city  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
meeting  that  call.  He  was  not  in  the  wagon-making  busi- 
ness, but  with  the  versatility  that  characterized  him,  he  went 
into  it,  and  bid  for  and  secured  the  contract  for  supplying 
the  needed  wagons.  Soon  he  was  at  the  head  of  an  estab- 
lishment employing  from  300  to  600  men,  and  so  great  was 
his  executive  ability  that  he  reduced  his  organization  to  a 
working  system  which  enabled  him  to  turn  out  a perfect 
wagon  every  thirty  minutes.  Throughout  the  war,  aided 
by  his  personal  influence  in  the  departments  at  Wa'shington, 
he  managed  to  retain  at  Cincinnati  the  depot  of  supplies  for 
the  armies  of  the  West  and  Southwest.  His  fitness  to  meet 
and  master  emergencies  was  well  illustrated  by  his  construc- 
tion of  the  celebrated  pontoon  train,  consisting  of  160  large 
wagons,  80  boats,  and  all  the  needed  equipments  therefor. 
This  great  achievement  was  accomplished  and  the  entire 
train  in  readiness  for  the  army  within  eleven  days  after  the 
order  was  given,  just  following  the  battle  of  Stone  River. 
His  inventive  genius  was  no  less  than  his  executive  ability, 
and  it  found  fitting  acknowledgment  in  the  reports  of 
Admiral  D.ihlgren  and  General  Ripley,  regarding  his  Cin- 
cinnati breech-loading  cannon.  As  an  employer  he  always 
possessed  in  an  eminent  degree  the  affection  and  regard  of 
his  workmen,  the  result  of  his  warm  and  active  sympathy 
with  all  their  efforts;  and  more  than  one  beautiful  and  sub- 
stantial token,  presented  by  those  in  his  employ,  testify  to 
the  appreciation  with  which  they  regarded  him.  In  Uie 
midst  of  all  his  multifarious  activities  he  was  an  earnest  and 
consistent  Christian.  From  early  youth  he  was  a member, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  a Ruling  Elder  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  For  nearly  a score  of  years  he  was  the 
devoted  Superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school  of  his  church, 
and  was  active  and  prominent  in  promoting  all  the  benevo- 
lent works  of  the  church,  besides  giving  his  influence  to  the 
advancement  of  all  societies  having  a beneficial  and  benevo- 
lent purpose.  In  the  orders  of  Masonry  and  Odd  Fellow- 
ship he  was  specially  prominent  and  active.  His  philan- 
thropy no  less  than  his  patriotism  led  him  during  the  war  to 
make  an  offer  which  was  as  characteristic  as  it  was  practical. 
He  proposed  to  serve  as  Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county  for 
two  years,  and  to  devote  the  entire  proceeds  of  the  office — 
approximating  ^30,000  per  annum — to  the  benefit  of  the 
families  of  the  soldiers  in  the  field.  His  munificent  offer 
was  declined  by  his  party,  and  his  liberality  found  other 
modes  of  expression.  He  gave  freely  of  money,  time,  and 
personal  effort.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active  managers 
of  the  great  Sanitary  Fair  of  Cincinnati,  having  charge  of  a 
department  which  netted  to  the  Sanitary  Commission 


I ^61,626.33.  He  was  exempted,  by  reason  of  physical  disa- 
bilities, from  military  service;  but  though  not  liable  to  the 
draft,  he  furnished  not  less  than  four  substitutes  to  the  army. 
For  seven  years  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Cincinnati 
h ire  Department,  and  did  much  to  bring  it  to  its  present 
high  standard.  His  family  residence  stands  on  College 
Hill,  where  he  did  much  by  his  energy  and  liberality  to 
promote  the  cause  of  education.  He  was  the  founder  and 
one  of  the  most  active  promoters  of  the  Ohio  Female  Col- 
lege there.  When  the  college  building  was  destroyed  by 
fire  he  at  once  undertook  its  reconstruction,  furnishing  the 
means  and  superintending  the  work.  The  new  edifice — 
much  superior  to  the  old — was  ready  for  occupancy  in  a 
surprisingly  short  time,  and  the  educational  work  of  the  in- 
stitution was  not  seriously  checked.  As  funds  to  reimburse 
him  for  his  advances — although  he  generously  tendered 
I about  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  outlay  as  a gift  to  the  col- 
I lege  if  the  remainder  should  be  raised — were  not  provided, 
i he  ultimately  became  the  owner  of  the  property,  and  con- 
ducted the  college  as  a private  affair.  The  reverses  of  the 
panic,  united  to  differences  with  some  of  his  teachers, 
tended  to  diminish  the  patronage  of  the  college,  and  an 
offer  to  convert  the  building  into  a sanitarium  for  the  treat- 
ment of  nervous  disorders  was  accepted  in  the  winter  of 
1873.  If  "''I'  Ifs  seen  that  he  was  especially  interested 
in  the  cause  of  female  education;  indeed,  for  over  sixteen 
years  he  made  it  his  life-work.  About  this  time  his  health 
began  to  fail,  and  from  May  1st,  1875,  until  his  death  on 
January  9th,  1876,  he  was  a constant  sufferer,  requiring 
watchers  at  night.  He  was  upheld  through  all  his  suffering 
by  his  firm  faith,  which,  producing  patience  and  even  cheer- 
fulness, rendered  his  sick-chamber  a place  full  of  instruction 
and  inspiration  to  his  family  and  friends.  His  life  was  an 
eminently  active  one.  It  is  full  of  encouragement  to  those 
who  are  hemmed  about  by  adverse  circumstances;  but  per- 
haps the  most  valuable  lesson  it  teaches  is  that  the  best 
j success  is  only  attained  by  doing  everything  thoroughly, 
’ from  the  first  step  to  the  last. 


'"'v^'^/^GRNET,  JUDGE  JACOB,  LL.  D.,  was  the  son  of 
d-T  ■ Dr.  William  Burnet  the  elder,  of  Newark,  New 
1^/  Jersey,  and  the  grandson  of  Dr.  Ichabod  Burnet, 

( p 1'^  a native  of  Scotland,  who  was  educated  at  Edin- 
burgh,  removed  to  America  soon  after  his  educa- 
tion was  finished,  and  settled  at  Elizabethtown, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  practised  his  profession  with  great 
success  as  a physician  and  surgeon  until  his  death,  in  1773, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty.  Dr.  W’illiam  Burnet  was  . 
born  in  1730,  educated  at  Nassau  Hall  during  the  Presi- 
dency of  the  Rev.  Aaron  Burr,  and  graduated  in  1749, 
before  that  institution  was  removed  to  Princeton.  He 
studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Staats,  of  New  York,  and  prac- 
tised it  with  success  until  the  difficulties  with  the  mother 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


421 


counliy  became  alarmingly  serious,  when  he  took  an  active 
and  leading  part  in  resisting  the  encroachments  of  the  Brit- 
ish government.  He  was  a member  of  the  Newark  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  composed  of  himself.  Judge  J.  Hedden, 
and  Major  S.  Hays,  until,  in  1776,  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  Continental  Congress.  He  resigned  that  position  to 
accept  an  appointment  as  Surgeon-General  of  the  Eastern 
Division  of  the  American  army,  which  position  he  filled 
with  distinction  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Dr.  Burnet  died 
in  1791,  in  the  sixty-first  year  of  his  age.  Jacob  Burnet, 
his  sixth  son,  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  P’ebruary 
22d,  1770,  was  educated  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  under 
the  Presidency  of  Dr.  Witherspoon,  and  graduated  with 
honor,  in  September,  1791.  He  remained  there  a year  as 
a resident  graduate,  and  then  entered  the  office  of  Judge 
Boudinot,  of  Newark,  as  a student  of  law,  and  under  that 
distinguished  lawyer  laid  the  foundation  for  his  future  at- 
tainments in  his  profession.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  the  spring  of  1796, 
and  proceeded  at  once  to  Cincinnati,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  which  his  father  had  made  consiilerable  investments. 
At  that  time  Cincinnati  was  a small  village  of  log  cabins, 
including  about  fifteen  rough,  unfinished  frame  houses  with 
stone  chimneys.  There  was  not  a brick  house  in  it,  and 
only  about  150  inhabitants,  and  the  entire  white  population 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory  was  estimated  at  about 
15,000  souls.  In  1798  it  was  ascertained  that  the  Territory 
contained  5000  white  male  inhabitants,  and  was  entitled  to 
enter  upon  the  second  grade  of  Territorial  Government 
provided  for  under  the  ordinance  of  17S7.  This  provided 
for  a General  Assembly,  consisting  of  representatives  elected 
by  the  citizens  of  the  Territory,  and  a Legislative  Council 
of  five  persons,  nominated  by  the  lower  House  and  ap- 
pointed by  the  President.by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  United  States  Senate.  Judge  Burnet  was  appointed 
by  President  John  Adams  a member  of  the  first  I.egislative 
Council,  together  with  James  Findlay,  Henry  Vanderburgh, 
Robert  Oliver,  and  David  Vance.  He  remained  a member 
of  this  body  until  the  organization  of  the  .State  government 
in  1802-3.  The  practice  of  his  profession,  which  obliged 
him  to  travel  over  the  whole  settled  portion  of  the  Territory 
as  far  as  Detroit,  in  Michigan,  on  the  north,  and  Vincennes, 
in  Indiana,  enabled  him  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
Territory  and  the  people  by  personal  observation,  and  in  the 
Legislative  Council  he  was  able  to  use  the  information  thus 
acquired  to  good  purpose  in  shaping  legislation  to  meet  the 
wants  of  the  r.apidly  growing  population  of  the  Territory, 
and  was  himself  the  author  of  most  of  the  important  meas- 
ures adopted  by  the  Legislature.  When  it  was  proposed  to 
go  into  a State  government.  Judge  Burnet  believed  the  step 
premature  and  opposed  the  action,  and  when  the  .State  was 
formed  he  retired  from  active  participation  in  politics  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His 
talents,  ripe  scholarship,  and  brilliancy  as  an  advocate 
secured  for  him  from  the  first  an  extensive  and  lucrative 


practice,  and  enabled  him  to  assume  and  maintain  the  fore- 
most position  at  the  bar,  until,  in  1817,  he  retired  from  the 
practice  of  the  law.  In  the  year  1821  he  was  persuaded  to 
accept  an  appointment  by  the  Governor  to  the  bench  of  the 
.Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  was  subseeiuently  elected 
by  the  Legislature  to  the  same  place.  In  1828  he  resigned 
his  position  on  the  bench  and  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  .Senate  to  fill  a vacancy  occasioned  by  the  retirement 
of  General  William  H.  Harrison,  and  accepted  the  position 
on  the  condition  that  he  should  not  be  considered  a candi- 
date for  re-election,  but  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  be 
permitted  to  carry  out  his  long-cherished  purpose  of  retiring 
to  private  life.  His  term  expired  in  1833,  and  from  that 
time  until  his  death,  in  1853,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
three  years,  he  took  no  further  active  part  in  public  affairs. 
As  a lawyer  and  legislator  Judge  Burnet  was  without  doubt 
the  most  influential  and  prominent  person  in  the  section  of 
country  he  represented  and  with  which  his  interests  were 
identified.  Educated  amid  the  stirring  scenes  of  the  Revo- 
lution, and  the  scarcely  less  stirring  scenes  connected  with 
the  discussion  and  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution  ; 
brought  into  association  with  Washington  and  Hamilton 
and  other  leaders  of  the  struggle  for  independence,  through 
his  father’s  intimacy  with  and  friendship  for  them  ; with 
great  natural  ability  united  to  thorough  scholarship,  and 
having  with  it  all  strong  and  decided  convictions  and  great 
energy  and  ])ersistence  in  enforcing  them,  he  was  eminently 
qualified  to  take  the  leading  part  he  did  in  developing  the 
resources  of  the  great  Northwestern  Territory  and  in  shaping 
its  institutions.  As  a lawyer  he  was  the  acknowledged 
leader  of  the  bar  in  the  West.  Within  the  period  of  twenty 
years — which  was  about  the  extent  of  his  practice  at  the  bar 
— few  men  have  been  engaged  in  more  important  causes  or 
with  more  uniform  success.  His  fame  as  an  advocate  was 
coextensive  with  the  West,  and  the  story  of  his  forensic 
efforts  is  perpetuated  in  the  traditions  of  his  profession. 
About  the  time,  also,  of  his  appointment  to  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  Ohio,  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  Professorship  of 
Law  in  the  University  of  Lexington,  Virginia,  and  received 
from  that  institution  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws,  an  honor  subsequently  conferred  upon  him,  also,  by 
his  own  Alnut  Muler,  Nassau  Hall.  It  has  already  been 
staled  th.at  while  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  Tudge 
Burnet  was  the  author  of  most  of  the  neces.sary  legislation. 
During  the  session  of  1799  tilone  he  prepared  and  reported 
the  following  bills : “To  regulate  the  admission  and  ]uac- 
tice  of  attorneys-at-law,”  “ to  confirm  and  give  force  to 
certain  laws  enacted  by  the  Governor  and  Judges,”  a bill 
making  promissory  notes  negotiable,  a bill  to  authorize  and 
regulate  arbitrations,  a bill  to  regulate  the  service  and  re- 
turn of  process  in  certain  cases,  a bill  establishing  courts  for 
the  trial  of  small  causes,  a bill  to  prevent  trespassing  by 
cutting  of  timber,  a bill  providing  for  tl*  appointment  of 
constables,  a bill  defining  ]irivileges  in  certain  cases,  a bill 
to  prevent  the  introduction  of  spirituous  liquors  into  certain 


422 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


Indian  towns,  a bill  for  the  appointment  of  general  officers 
in  the  militia  of  the  Territory,  a bill  to  revise  the  laws 
adopted  or  made  by  the  Governors  and  Judges,  a bill  lor 
the  relief  of  the  poor,  a bill  repealing  certain  laws  or  parts 
of  laws,  and  a bill  for  the  punishment  of  arson.  He  was 
also  appointed  to  prepare  and  report  rules  for  conducting 
the  business  of  the  Legislative  Council,  and  an  answer  to 
the  Governor’s  address  to  the  two  houses  at  the  opening  of 
the  session.  Also  to  draft  a memorial  to  Congress  in  be- 
half of  purchasers  of  land  in  the  Miami  country,  and  a 
complimentary  address  to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
After  the  formation  of  the  State  government  he  succeeded, 
by  his  researches  into  the  laws  of  Virginia  and  his  lucid 
demonstration  of  the  same,  in  settling  in  favor  of  the  State 
of  Ohio  the  right  which  Kentucky  controverted  of  arresting 
criminals  on  the  river  between  the  two  .States.  Under  the 
system  established  for  the  sale  of  the  public  domain  by  the 
law  of  iSoo  and  acts  supplementary  thereto,  an  immense 
debt  was  contracted  and  became  due  to  the  government  of 
the  United  States  from  the  people  of  the  West,  exceeding 
the  entire  amount  of  money  in  circulation  in  the  West. 
The  debt  had  been  accumulating  for  twenty  years,  and  was 
swelling  daily  with  increasing  rapidity.  The  first  emi- 
grants to  the  West,  and  the  greater  part  of  those  who  fol- 
lowed them  from  time  to  time,  were  compelled  by  necessity 
to  purchase  on  credit,  exhausting  their  means  to  the  last 
dollar  in  raising  the  first  payment  on  their  entries.  The 
debt  due  the  government  in  1820  at  the  different  Western 
land  offices  amounted  to  $22,000,000,  an  amount  far  ex- 
ceeding the  ability  of  the  debtors  to  pay.  Thousands  of 
industrious  men,  some  of  whom  had  paid  one,  some  two, 
and  some  three  instalments  on  their  lands,  and  had  toiled 
day  and  night  in  clearing,  enclosing,  and  improving  them, 
became  convinced  that  they  would  be  forfeited  and  their 
money  and  labor  lost.  This  appalling  prospect  spread  a 
deep  gloom  over  the  community,  and  it  was  evident  that  if 
the  government  attempted  to  enforce  its  claims  universal 
bankruptcy  w'ould  ensue.  Serious  fears  were  felt  that  any 
attempt  on  the  part  of  the  government  to  enforce  its  claim 
w'ould  meet  with  resistance,  and  probably  result  in  civil 
war.  Judge  Burnet,  at  this  crisis  of  affairs,  gave  the  matter 
his  most  earnest  attention,  with  a view'  of  devising  a plan 
of  relief,  and  was  able  to  mature  and  propose  a plan  which 
met  the  approval  of  all  the  sufferers,  and  so  commended 
itself  to  Congress  and  the  government  that  it  was  speedily 
adopted.  The  evils  threatened  were  thus  averted,  and  the 
prosperity  and  rapid  settlement  of  the  county  greatly  pro- 
moted. Judge  Burnet  recognized  at  a very  early  period 
the  importance  to  the  trade  and  commerfe  of  the  West  of 
the  unobstructed  navigation  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  espe- 
cially the  importance  to  the  trade  of  the  upper  Ohio  of 
removing  the  obstruction  caused  by  the  falls  in  the  river  at 
Louisville.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  advocate  the  con- 
struction of  a canal  around  the  falls,  and  w'as  appointed  by 
the  State  of  Indiana  one  of  several  commi.ssioncrs  for  carry- 


ing out  this  project,  in  which  he  took  a warm  and  active 
part.  Considerable  progress  was  made  in  the  W'ork  w'hen 
the  rival  project  of  a canal  on  the  Kentucky  shore  was 
started,  which  met  with  more  general  favor.  This  caused 
the  abandonment  of  the  Indiana  canal,  and  the  canal  on  the 
Kentucky  shore  was  constructed,  thus  removing  one  of  the 
most  serious  obstructions  to  the  navigation  of  the  upper 
Ohio.  "I  he  construction  of  a canal  from  the  Ohio  river,  at 
Cincinnati,  to  Lake  Erie,  at  Toledo,  Ohio — thus  affording 
water  communication  between  the  commerce  of  the  lakes 
and  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys — was  another  matter 
that  enlisted  the  warmest  support  of  Judge  Burnet.  Under 
an  Act  of  Congress,  making  a large  grant  of  public  land  in 
aid  of  this  project,  considerable  progress  was  made  in  the 
work,  when  it  was  found  that  certain  conditions  and  re- 
strictions in  the  original  grant  were  such  as  to  greatly 
embarrass,  if  not  to  defeat,  the  completion  of  the  work, 
which  greatly  languished  and  w'as  about  to  be  abandoned. 
Judge  Burnet,  on  taking  his  place  in  the  Senate,  secured 
the  appointment  of  a committee  of  the  Senate  to  take  into 
consideration  the  modification  of  the  original  grant  so  as  to 
remove  its  objectionable  features,  and  appearing  before  the 
committee  in  behalf  of  the  measure.  His  representations 
were  so  effective  that  he  was  requested  by  the  committee  to 
draw  up  a report  embodying  the  principal  facts  in  support 
of  the  claim,  and  also  a bill  to  carry  it  into  effect.  The 
ccm.-nittee  jiresented  the  report  and  bill,  with  a recommend- 
ation that  it  should  pass.  It  did  pass  both  houses  and 
became  a law  during  the  session,  and  without  doubt  secured 
the  completion  of  the  canal.  In  the  Senate  he  was  the 
friend  and  associate  of  Adams,  Clay,  and  Webster,  and  was 
especially  the  friend  and  admirer  of  the  latter,  with  whom 
he  occupied  a desk  in  the  Senate  chamber.  When  General 
Haynes  of  South  Carolina  made  his  celebrated  speech  on 
nullification,  which  elicited  Mr.  W’ebster’s  more  celebrated 
reply,  Mr.  Webster  was  absent  from  the  Senate,  and  it  was 
remarked  that  in  his  reply  he  answered  General  Haynes’ 
points  seriatim,  as  if  he  had  been  present  and  heard  them. 
Judge  Burnet,  who  heard  Haynes’  speech,  took  full  notes 
of  it  and  gave  them  to  Mr.  Webster,  who  was  thus  prepared 
to  make  his  reply  as  if  personally  present.  No  one  was 
more  delighted  with  Mr.  Webster’s  unanswerable  rejoinder 
than  Judge  Burnet,  who  had  thus  assisted  to  call  it  forth. 
With  the  close  of  Judge  Burnet’s  term  in  the  Senate  his 
public  career  ended.  In  full  vigor  of  mind  and  body,  with 
brilliant  prospects  of  political  preferment  before  him  if  he 
would  but  seek  it,  he  chose  rather  to  spend  the  remainder 
of  his  days  as  a private  citizen.  He  was  not  ambitious  of 
place;  he  was  driven  to  accept  office  from  a sense  of  duty, 
and  not  by  ambition.  As  soon  as  the  duty  was  discharged 
he  returned  to  private  life.  In  the  year  1S37,  at  the  request 
of  a friend,  he  wrote  a series  of  letters  detailing  at  some 
length  such  facts  and  incidents  relating  to  the  early  settle- 
ment of  the  Northwestern  Territory  as  were  within  his 
recollection  and  were  considered  worth  preserving.  These 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


423 


letters  were  laid  before  the  Historical  Society  of  Ohio,  and 
ordered  to  be  printed  among  the- transactions  of  that  institu- 
tion. A few  years  later,  at  the  solicitation  of  many  personal 
friends,  he  revised  and  enlarged  these  letters  and  put  them 
in  a form  more  convenient  for  publication,  and  in  1847 
published  his  “Notes  on  the  Northwestern  Territory,” 
which  is  a very  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  this 
region.  Judge  Burnet  was  mariied  on  the  second  day  of 
January,  1800,  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  to  Rebecca  Wallace, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Matthew  W'allace,  a Presbyterian 
clergyman,  with  whom  he  lived  in  wedlock  fifty-thiee  years, 
and  who  outlived  him  fourteen  years.  By  her  he  had 
eleven  children,  five  of  whom  arrived  at  maturity  and  sur- 
vived him  at  his  death.  In  appearance  Judge  Burnet  was 
rather  above  medium  height,  erect  in  form,  with  animated 
countenance  and  piercing  eyes.  His  manners  were  digni- 
fied and  courteous  to  all.  Reared  in  the  school  of  Wash- 
ington and  Hamilton,  he  had  the  manners  of  that  age.  His 
colloquial  powers  were  uncommonly  fine.  He  expressed 
himself  in  ordinary  conversation  with  the  precision,  energy, 
and  polish  of  an  accomplished  orator.  His  opinions  were 
clear,  sharply  defined,  and  held  with  great  tenacity.  His 
friendships  were  ardent  and  lasting.  Time  or  outward 
changes  made  with  him  no  difference.  He  who  once  won 
his  friendship,  unless  proved  to  be  unworthy,  enjoyed  it  for 
life.  It  is  related  of  him  that  when  Aaron  Burr  was  in 
Cincinnati  seeking  to  enlist  in  his  treasonable  designs  as 
many  prominent  persons  as  possible,  he  sought  an  interview 
with  Judge  Burnet,  who,  although  unaware  of  Burr’s  de- 
signs,  yet  peremptorily  refused  to  receive  him,  giving  as  his 
reason  that  he  would  never  shake  the  hand  of  the  murderer 
of  Hamilton,  his  father’s  friend  and  his  own.  In  morality 
and  integrity  he  was  above  suspicion  both  in  his  public 
career  and  in  private  life.  He  was  a firm  believer  in  the 
truth  of  Christianity  and  the  inspiration  of  the  Bible ; and 
although  a Presbyterian  both  from  conviction  and  prefer- 
ence, he  was  far  removed  from  anything  like  sectarian 
bigotry.  Ministers  of  all  denominations  were  at  all  times 
welcome  and  honored  guests  in  his  house.  On  the  loth 
of  May,  1853,  in  his  eighty-fourth  year,  with  his  mind  still 
vigorous,  his  memory  still  unimpaired,  and  his  bodily  vigor 
such  as  to  give  promise  of  still  more  advanced  old  age,  he 
died  at  his  home  in  Cincinnati,  of  acute  disease,  after  a 
comparatively  short  illness. 

’■’/ifTLY’ JAMES  SYKES,  M.  D.,  Physician,  Surgeon, 
0. 1 If  Druggist,  was  born  near  Darlington,  Hartford 
C'Vf  I county,  Maryland,  August  22d,  1832.  His  par- 
ents,  Jacob  Ely  and  Sarah  (Brown)  Ely,  were 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  paternal 
ancestors  came  from  England  to  America  in  the 
year  of  the  foundation  by  William  Penn  of  the  city  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  under  the  auspices  of  that  famous  Quaker. 


He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Ohio  when  three  months  of 
age,  settling  in  Morristown,  Belmont  county.  His  early 
education,  necessarily  limited  in  degree  and  kind,  was  ob- 
tained in  a common  school  and  in  a seminary  which  had  a 
brief  existence  in  the  village  of  Lloydsville.  After  the  an-e 
of  twelve  years  his  studies  were  pursued  with  ardent  perse- 
verance at  home,  but  without  the  aid  of  a preceptor.  While 
in  his  seventeenth  year  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 
under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  C.  Schooley,  then  of  Marlin’s 
Ferry,  Belmont  county,  C)hio,  and  finished  the  standard 
course,  as  it  was  constituted  at  the  time,  in  three  years. 
Deterred  by  his  extreme  youthfulness  from  entering  at  once 
and  actively  on  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  assumed 
the  role  of  educator  temporarily,  and  found  employment  in 
teaching  until  1S56.  He  then  began  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Somerton,  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  and  in  the  early 
part  of  the  year  1S62  attended  lectures  at  the  Medical  'Col- 
lege  of  Ohio,  in  Cincinnati,  graduating  in  the  following 
June.  Upon  a call  being  made  for  surgeons,  for  service  in 
the  Union  army  of  volunteers,  he  attended  an  examination 
held  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  was  commissioned  Assistant 
Surgeon  of  the  126th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  No- 
vember i8th,  1862.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  Cumber- 
land, Maryland.  June  14th,  1863,  when  that  force  was 
driven  out  of  Martinsburg,  Virginia,  he  volunteered  to 
remain  with  the  wounded  Union  soldiers,  and  consequently 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  by  whom  he  was  paroled 
and  kindly  treated.  About  the  12th  of  the  succeeding 
August  he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  New  York  city.  While 
at  Martinsburg  two  corps  of  Lee’s  army  passed  through  the 
place  en  route  to  Gettysburg,  and  he  then  counted  256 
pieces  of  artillery  in  their  train.  On  their  return  he  “ had 
the  pleasure  of  hearing  Lee’s  troops  d — n him  for  the  de- 
feat.” Following  the  fortunes  of  the  regiment,  he  received 
a commission  as  Surgeon,  February  8th,  1864.  In  the 
ensuing  March  he  passed  the  examination  of  the  United 
States  Board  of  Examiners,  at  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  and  was  commissioned  Assistant  Surgeon  of 
United  States  Volunteers  by  the  President,  April  21st,  1864. 
The  eve  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Wilderness  campaign 
being  at  hand,  he  resolved  to  hold  this  commission  and 
remain  with  the  regiment.  He  was  subsequently  assigned 
to  the  operating  staff  of  his  brigade,  and  there  found  inces- 
sant, trying,  and  exhaustive  work.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the 
army  at  Cold  Harbor  he  reported  to  the  head-quarters  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  with 
the  depot  field  hospitals  at  White  House,  Virginia.  In  the 
latter  part  of  June,  1864,  these  hospitals  were  removed  to 
City  Point,  Virginia.  He  was  there  on  duty  for  a time  with 
the  6th  Army  Corps  Hospital,  and  also  with  the  5th  Army 
Corps  Hospital.  On  December  22d,  1864,  he  was  placed 
in  charge  of  Cavalry  Corps  Hospital,  principally,  however, 
for  the  purpose  of  accomplishing  its  reorganization.  Early 
in  January,  1865,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Depot 
Field  Hospital  of  the  6th  Army  Corps,  and  retained  that 


424 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


position  until  after  Lee’s  surrender  and  all  the  hospitals  at 
the  place  were  broken  up.  May  26th,  1865,  having  re- 
mained until  the  last  moment,  he  transferred  all  the  remain- 
ing hospital  inmates  aboard  the  hospital  steamer  “ Connect- 
icut,” in  charge  of  J.  B.  Hood,  Surgeon  of  United  States 
Volunteers,  for  transit  to  Washington  city.  After  turning 
in  all  medical  and  hospital  supplies,  he  was  ordered  to  duty 
at  the  Camp  Dennison  Hospital,  June,  1865,  under  Dr. 
McDermot,  Surgeon  of  United  States  Volunteers.  On  the 
following  August  12th  he  was  ordered  to  take  charge  of  the 
City  General  Hospital  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  where  he 
was  eventually  mustered  out,  leaving  the  service  October 
l6th,  1865.  He  then  returned  to  his  home,  and  November 
7th  of  the  same  year  moved  to  Barnesville,  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  has  since  permanently  resided,  engaged  in 
the  control  of  a prosperous  drug  trade.  After  reaching 
home  he  received  a brevet  promotion  from  the  United 
States.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  United  States  Examin- 
ing Surgeon  for  Pensions.  His  first  votes  were  cast  in 
favor  of  the  “Free-Soil”  party,  and  since  the  rise  of  the 
Republican  party  he  has  uniformly  given  it  a warm  and 
earnest  support,  and  used  his  best  endeavors  to  contribute 
to  its  success. 


TEWART,  HENRV  C.,  Proprietor  of  the  Empire 
Bakeiy,  Cincinnati,  was  born  October  3d,  1838, 
at  the  village  of  Mount  Washington,  Hamilton 
county,  Ohio.  On  the  paternal  side  he  is  of 
Scotch  extraction.  He  worked  at  farming  until 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  attending  the  district 
school  during  the  winter  months.  He  then  entered  a 
country  store  as  clerk,  where  he  remained  two  years,  in  the 
meantime  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  the  study  of  book- 
keeping, and  was  quite  a proficient  when  his  engagement 
ceased  at  this  store,  having  also  gained  a general  knowledge 
of  business.  He  subsequently  found  employment  as  a 
bookkeeper  and  salesman  in  a lumber  establishment,  where 
he  gave  entire  satisfaction  to  the  proprietor  during  the  year 
of  his  service.  At  the  expiration  of  his  engagement  there, 
it  now  being  the  autumn  of  1859,  he  made  a trip  South 
with  a flat-boat  laden  with  produce,  and  returned  in  July, 
i860.  In  September  of  the  same  year  he  commenced 
making  preparations  for  a second  trip,  and  started  in 
November  and  returned  in  April,  1861,  this  venture  also 
proving  a successful  one.  On  his  return  home  he  was 
elected  to  the  clerkship  of  .Spencer  township,  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  and  served  in  that  position  with  satisfaction 
until  the  following  September,  when  he  resigned  and 
enlisted  as  a private  soldier  in  the  4Sth  Ohio  Regiment  of 
Infantry,  and  soon  after — on  account  of  his  superior  quali- 
fication for  the  position — was  made  a Quartermaster  Ser- 
geant, which  office  he  held  until  January,  1863,  when  by  a 
special  order,  at  his  own  request,  he  received  a discharge 
and  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  until  March. 


He  then  proceeded  to  Lagrange,  Tennessee,  to  accept  a 
position  in  the  Quartermaster’s  Department  as  clerk,  again 
returning  to  Cincinnati  in  the  following  November,  and 
again  entered  the  Quartermaster’s  Department  as  Auditing 
Clerk,  under  Captain  D.  W.  McClellung,  which  position  he 
held  for  two  and  a half  years,  or  until  three  months  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  his  services  being  highly  appreciated 
during  the  whole  period.  On  returning  to  private  life  he 
accepted  a position  as  bookkeeper  in  a wholesale  mercan- 
tile house  on  West  Front  street,  where  he  remained  until 
August,  1870,  at  which  time  he  purchased  a furniture 
factory  north  of  the  canal,  and  commenced  the  manufacture 
of  bedsteads.  The  business,  however,  did  not  prove  re- 
munerative, and  he  disposed  of  the  establishment  in  1872, 
and  subsequently  opened  a flour  store  at  No.  33  Vine 
street,  under  the  firm-name  of  H.  C.  Stewart  & Co.,  and 
shortly  after  the  house  went  into  operation  he  established  a 
bakery  at  344  West  .Sixth  street.  This  latter  business  soon 
grew  to  such  proportions  as  to  oblige  him  to  close  his  busi- 
ness on  Vine  street  and  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  bakery. 
He  accordingly  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  flour  store, 
and  has  since  given  all  his  energy  and  attention  to  his  last 
venture.  It  was  not  long,  however,  before  his  increasing 
business  demanded  more  commodious  quarters.  He  accord- 
ingly removed  to  the  large  store  and  bakery  in  the  Murch 
block,  on  Sixth  street  near  Central  avenue,  known  as 
Murch’s  Arcade.  After  two  years,  again  finding  the  prem- 
ises too  restricted  for  the  business,  he  was  obliged  to  seek  a 
larger  building,  and  finally  secured  the  commodious  struc- 
ture Nos.  336  to  342  West  Sixth  street,  between  Smith  and 
Mound,  formerly  known  as  the  Central  Market.  Here  he 
has  fitted  up  the  largest  and  most  complete  establishment  of 
its  kind  in  the  West.  He  is  a thorough  business  man, 
affable,  polite,  and  courteous  to  all.  His  success  furnishes 
evidence  that  by  industry,  energy,  and  perseverance,  with 
correct  principles  and  integrity  of  character,  a man  can 
raise  himself  to  the  highest  standing  among  the  business 
men  of  a great  city.  He  was  married  June  22d,  1864,  to 
Irene  Roll,  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  the  father  of  four  children, 
three  daughters  and  one  son. 


NDREWS,  COLONEL  LORIN,  ex-President  of 
Kenyon  College,  was  born  in  Ashland  county, 
Ohio,  April  1st,  1819.  His  early  life  was  passed 
on  his  father’s  farm,  and  in  obtaining  a good 
common  school  education.  He  afterwards  took 
a collegiate  course,  and  spent  some  time  in  com- 
mon school  teaching.  He  became  warmly  interested  in  the 
improvement  of  the  common  schools.  He  was  a prominent 
member  and  officer  of  the  Ohio  Teachers’  Association  ; in 
1853  its  choice  for  State  School  Commissioner,  and  in  1854 
its  President.  At  the  height  of  his  influence  and  labors  he 
was  chosen  President  of  Kenyon  College,  and,  as  was  said 


^aiaoj  Pub.  Co.  Phdai- 


S' 


r 


S' 


\jhi* 


•*>  - *!^w^  ■'•-■.  ■■*',■'•  'T^pr  ■jiiiftP'w? 


Ti* 


■‘i  ■ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


425 


by  Bishop  Mcllvaine  in  his  funeral  sermon,  “ all  the 
highest  expectations  of  his  administration  were  more  than 
fulfilled.”  In  April,  1861,  when  President  Lincoln  made 
his  call  for  troops,  his  was  the  first  name  received  by  Gov- 
ernor Dennison.  He  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
4th  Ohio  Infantry,  enlisted  for  three  months.  When  this 
organization  was  changed  to  one  calling  for  three  years’  ser- 
vice, he  was  retained  in  the  same  command.  He  fell  a 
victim  to  the  exposure  incident  to  camp  life  while  stationed 
in  West  Virginia.  His  death  occurred  at  Gambier,  Ohio, 
whither  he  had  gone  to  be  cared  for,  September  tSth,  1861. 
He  was  a patriot  of  the  purest  type,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
and  costliest  offerings  of  Ohio  to  the  cause  of  the  Union. 


’eITZEL,  colonel  lewis.  Collector  of  In- 
ternal Revenue,  P'irst  District  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati,  August  20th,  1837.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  that  city, 
and  afterwards  served  an  apprenticeship  to  the 
trade  of  brass.  After  finishing  his  trade  he  went 
to  New  Orleans,  and  remained  in  the  Southwest  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  Returning  home,  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  28lh  Ohio  Infantry.  He  rose  from  the  ranks 
to  a First  Lieutenancy,  and  then  resigned  his  commission  to 
return  home  to  attend  to  some  interests  demanding  his  at- 
tention. He  re-entered  the  army  as  a Captain  and  Aide-de- 
Camp  on  General  Butler’s  staff,  being  afterwards  transferred 
to  the  25th  Corps,  commanded  by  his  brother.  General  God- 
frey Weitzel.  After  the  fall  of  Richmond  he  accompanied 
his  brother’s  command  to  Texas,  and  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  in  March,  1866.  A month  later  he  entered  the 
revenue  service  in  a subordinate  capacity,  and  in  April,  1869, 
he  was  appointed  Collector.  When  the  consolidation  of  the 
districts  took  place  he  was  made  an  Assessor,  but  was  even- 
tually again  appointed  Collector. 


REARING,  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  BENJA- 
MIN D.4NA,  Merchant,  was  born  in  Harmar, 
Washington  county,  Ohio,  October  loth,  1837. 
His  paternal  grandfather,  Hon.  Paul  I'earing, 
moved  to  the  West  with  the  first  colony  of  the 
Ohio  Company,  and  at  the  first  court  organized  in 
the  Northwestern  Territory,  held  in  the  block-house  at  Cam- 
pus Martius,  now  Marietta,  Ohio,  in  1788,  was  admitted  an 
attorney,  and  was  the  pioneer  lawyer  of  the  Territory.  In 
1797,  in  Cincinnati,  he  was  appointed  Judge.  He  also  was 
the  first  delegate  from  the  Northwest  Territory,  then  em- 
bracing the  whole  of  the  United  .States  possessions  west 
and  north  of  the  Ohio  river,  to  the  national  Congress. 
Through  his  maternal  grandfather,  Benjamin  Dana,  also  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Company,  and  one  of  the  colony  which 
54 


founded  Marietta,  General  Fearing  is  the  lineal  descendant 
of  the  fourth  generation  from  General  Israel  Putnam.  His 
youth  was  spent  in  his  native  place,  chiefly  in  attendance  at 
various  schools,  and  in  1856  he  graduated  from  Marietta 
College.  The  following  two  years  he  passed  in  the  whole- 
sale book  and  publishing  house  of  Moon,  Wilstach  & Kay, 
Cincinnati,  and  the  succeeding  three  years  in  the  wholesale 
house  of  Shaffer  & Roberts,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
While  on  a visit  to  Cincinnati  in  1861  he  received  there  the 
news  of  the  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter.  Two  days  later  he 
enlisted  in  the  Zouave  Guard,  which  immediately  upon  its 
organization  set  out  for  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
At  the  subsequent  organization  of  regiments  at  Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  the  Guard  became  Company  D of  the  2d 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  with  which  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  imperilled  capital,  and  thence  to  Virginia 
under  the  command  of  General  Schenck.  On  the  march, 
attending  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  in  which  his  company  par- 
ticipated from  the  opening  to  the  close,  he  received  his  first 
promotion,  being  made  P'ourth  Corporal.  After  the  battle 
he  was  offered,  at  Washington,  by  the  Representatives  in 
Congress  from  his  district,  the  Adjutancy  of  the  36th  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  again  had  it  urged  upon 
his  acceptance  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  On  both  occasions  the 
offer  met  with  a refusal,  as  it  was  his  intention  to  enter  a 
regiment  then  in  course  of  formation  in  the  Quaker  City. 
While  with  the  Zouave  company  he  was  under  the  tuition 
of  a French  drill-master,  and  one  of  Ellsworth’s  best  drill- 
sergeants,  then  an  officer  in  the  guard.  He  also  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  instruction  given  the  regiment  by  Colonel 
Alexander  McCook,  and,  as  he  purposed  serving  until  the 
termination  of  the  contest,  he  spent  every  available  moment 
in  study  and  practice,  and  lost  no  opportunity  to  gain  infor- 
mation that  could  be  of  service  in  the  eventful  future.  On 
the  day  of  his  discharge  from  the  army,  at  the  request  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Clark  and  Major  Andrew,  he  entered 
the  camp  of  the  36th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
to  assist  in  the  instruction  and  organization  of  this  body. 
At  their  urgent  request,  he  accompanied  those  troops  to 
West  Virginia,  on  a sudden  call  to  the  field,  serving  in  the 
double  capacity  of  Acting  Adjutant-General  to  General 
Slemmer — then  in  command  of  an  important  exiiedition— - 
and  Adjutant  to  Major  Andrew,  then  in  command  of  the 
forces.  While  in  that  service  he  received  the  appointment 
of  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant  of  the  63d  Regiment  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry.  Winning  the  esteem  of  General  Slem- 
mer by  his  zeal  and  ability,  he  was  recommended  by  this 
officer  to  the  Governor  of  Ohio  for  appointment  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  36th  Regiment.  Major  Andrew,  who  had 
left  the  regiment  in  order  to  bear  the  recommendation  to 
the  Governor,  met  at  Rosecrans’  head-quarters  Captain 
George  Crook,  of  the  4th  Regulars,  the  possessor,  in  propria 
persona,  of  the  commission  applied  for.  He  then  served 
through  an  im[iortant  period  as  Crook’s  AdjutanI,  and  re- 
ceived an  appointment  as  Major,  with  orders  to  report  to 


426 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


Colonel  Hildebrand,  then  recruiting  the  77th  Regiment 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infanti-y,  at  Camp  Putnam,  Ohio.  There, 
knowing  that  the  call  to  the  front  would  be  sharp  and  quick, 
he  worked  by  night  and  by  day  to  transform  the  new  men 
fresh  from  the  country  into  disciplined  soldiers.  While 
Grant  was  in  front  of  Eort  Donelson  the  expected  summons 
came  on  a Sunday  morning  : “ Your  regiment  will  move 
at  once  to  Paducah,  Kentucky,  and  report  to  General  W. 
T.  Sherman.  How  soon  will  your  command  be  ready  to 
march?”  The  superior  officer  being  absent  and  unattain- 
able by  telegraph,  he  answered  In  an  hour.”  He  then 
departed  by  the  earliest  train  and  boat,  and  his  regiment  was 
the  first,  out  of  the  nine  ordered  from  Ohio,  to  report  at 
Paducah,  Kentucky,  to  General  W.  T.  Sherman.  Early  in 
April,  when  Sherman  was  conducting  an  expedition  for  the 
destruction  of  the  bridges  on  the  railroad  near  luka,  Missis- 
•sippi,  sudden  and  heavy  rains  caused  a rise  in  the  bayous, 
which,  taking  effect  upon  Yellow  creek,  threatened  seriously 
to  cut  off  the  return  of  his  division  to  the  boats.  Fearing 
rode  to  the  front,  and,  reporting  the  situation  to  Sherman, 
asked  permission  to  build  bridges  of  boats.  Granting  the 
request,  Sherman  gave  him  orders  to  the  commodore  of  the 
fleet  for  all  the  yawls  and  gangway-planks  needed  from  the 
fleet,  and  instructions  to  construct  pontoon  bridges.  So 
rapidly  and  well  was  this  order  executed,  that  the  General 
deemed  it  fitting  to  notice  him  in  a highly  complimentary 
manner.  Afterward,  while  with  Sherman,  he  was  intrusted 
with  a large  share  of  the  bridging  opemtions  on  railroads 
and  over  streams,  and  of  the  construction  of  corduroy  roads 
through  the  great  swamp  lands.  At  the  battle  of  -Shiloh, 
Colonel  Hildebrand  being  in  command  of  a brigade,  while 
the  Lieutenant-Colonel  was  at  home,  the  command  of  the 
regiment  devolved  upon  him,  with  the  troops  posted  at 
Shiloh  Church,  the  line  of  the  regiment  traversing  the  main 
Corinth  road,  which  was  regarded  by  Sherman  as  the  key- 
point  of  his  position.  Realizing  the  importance  of  his  post, 
he  retained  it  with  persistent  tenacity  and  gallantly  repulsed 
the  desperate  charges  of  the  exultant  and  confident  enemy 
for  the  capture  of  Taylor’s  Battery,  A,  of  Chicago.  The 
General  commended  the  conduct  of  this  regiment  in  its  de- 
termined and  protracted  struggle  for  the  position  of  the 
church,  and  in  baffling  the  enemy  in  all  his  attempts  to  cap- 
ture the  coveted  battery.  The  brigade  commander,  in  his 
official  report,  says  : “ Major  Benjamin  D.  Fearing,  who  com- 
manded the  77th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  was  cool  and 
brave,  and  acquitted  himself  with  as  much  skill  as  an  old 
officer  of  larger  experience,  and  was  not  excelled  by  any 
other  field-officer  who  came  under  my  observation.”  Dur- 
ing the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  kept  his  regiment  well  into  the 
edge  of  the  fight.  Its  loss  tells  the  stoiy  of  its  part  in  that 
engagement;  one  officer  and  forty-nine  rank  and  file  killed; 
seven  officers  and  one  hundred  and  seven  men  wounded, 
and  three  officers  and  fifty-three  men  missing  ; total  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,  two  hundred  and  twenty.  From 
Shiloh  he  commanded  the  regiment  in  all  the  active  opera- 


tions of  Sherman’s  division  during  the  siege  of  Corinth— 
constructing  field-works,  roads  and  bridges,  picketing,  skir- 
mishing and  fighting,  until  it  rested  in  Fort  Pickering,  Mem- 
phis, Tennessee,  July  21st,  1862.  He  was  then  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and,  having  been  mus- 
tered out  of  the  77th  Regiment  to  secure  the  promotion,  re- 
ported to  his  new  command,  the  92d  Regiment  Ohio  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  in  his  native  State.  Now  again  eame  the 
arduous  labor  of  urging  forward  the  preparation  of  his  men 
for  the  approaching  conflict.  Spending  very  little  time  in 
the  camp  of  instruction,  however,  they  were  soon  ordered 
to  the  front,  and,  after  a stirring  period  of  marching  and 
fighting  in  Virginia,  moved  with  General  Crook’s  command 
to  East  Tennessee,  where  there  was  an  endless  round  of 
exciting  soldier-life.  Here,  Colonel  Van  Voorhes  being 
compelled  by  ill  health  to  resign  his  position,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  P'earing  was  promoted  to  the  vacated  Colonelcy. 
The  command  then  joined  the  main  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, with  Crook’s  3d  Brigade  in  4th  Division,  14th  Army 
Corps,  and  led  the  advance  in  the  grand  movement  south  in 
the  spring.  He  was  at  the  head  of  his  regiment  in  the  fight 
at  Hoover’s  Gap,  which  General  Reynolds  gave  him  to  hold 
after  a magnificent  charge,  in  which  the  cavalry  of  the  di- 
vision had  driven  the  enemy  through  and  beyond  the  por- 
tion. The  forces  at  his  comm.and  to  relieve  the  cavalry 
were  the  l8th  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry,  the 
92d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  Andrew’s  Battery. 
The  enemy  made  a splendid  effort  to  plant  himself  in  the 
gap  and  I'epo-ssess  it,  but  this  vantage-ground  was  steadily 
held  until  the  14th  Army  Corps,  under  General  Thomas, 
moved  through  the  gap  and  swept  everything  before  them. 
Soon  after  this  came  an  important  rcconnoissance  u|)  to  the 
enemy’s  works  at  Tullahoma,  where  he  gained  information 
of  the  greatest  moment  to  the  General  in  command.  His 
regiment  then  fell  under  the  command  of  that  famous  fighter. 
General  John  B.  Turchin,  and  under  him,  with  Reynolds’ 
Division,  14th  Army  Corps,  marched  to  Chickamauga,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  very  important  preliminary  skirmishes 
at  Catlett’s  Gap,  in  Pigeon  Mountain,  the  Chattanooga  and 
Lafayette  Pike,  and  at  Lane's  Church.  At  the  opening  of 
the  action  at  Chickamauga  he  was  sent  in  command  of  the 
1 8th  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry  and  the  gid 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  to  recover  some  lost 
ground  and  recapture  the  lost  regular  battery  (the  rest  of  the 
brigade  moving  rapidly  to  a left  point  of  the  field  where 
matters  were  approaching  a crisis).  After  a sharp  and  stub- 
born contest  the  ground  was  retaken,  the  enemy  falling  back 
under  the  persistent  pressure.  In  a third  attempt  to  retake 
the  battery  he  was  severely  wounded,  a ball  passing  through 
the  front  part  of  his  right  and  the  thick  portion  of  his  left 
thigh.  (The  battery  was  eventually  recaptured  by  the  9th 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  in  the  same  charge, 
which  body  entered  into  action  on  the  right  of  the  92d 
Regiment.)  The  enemy  on  the  following  day  captured  the 
hospital  in  which  Fearing,  his  officers  and  men  had  been 


Oaloxv  Pub  Co. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


427 


placed,  but  a cavalry  dash  under  Minty  recovered  the  build- 
ing temporarily,  and  the  greater  portion  of  those  installeil 
there  were  thus  enabled  to  make  good  their  escape.  He 
and  four  of  his  officers  were  saved  by  the  cool  and  heroic 
conduct  of  his  colored  servant,  who  carried  them  to  an  am- 
bulance, and  under  a continuous  fire  drove  them  a distance 
of  two  miles,  bringing  them  finally  within  the  protection  of 
the  Federal  lines.  When  sufficiently  recovered  for  partial 
duty,  he  was  detailed  on  several  courts-martial  at  Cincinnati 
and  Louisville,  where  he  remained  on  duty  until  March, 
1864.  His  regiment  made  a name  and  a splendid  record  at 
Chickamauga,  under  the  leadership  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Putnam,  in  Turchin’s  famous  charge,  where  he  hewed  a 
way  out  for  Thomas  and  Reynolds,  and  formed  a part  of 
the  illustrious  rear-guard  that  devoted  itself  heroically  to 
save  the  main  army.  Also  it  gained  distinction  at  the  mem- 
orable storming  of  Mission  Ridge.  Turchin’s  lirigade  had 
been  manoeuvring  in  front  of  the  rebel  position  from  the 
2 1 St  until  the  25th  of  November — now'  spectators  of  the  stern 
struggle  of  Hooker  for  Lookout  Mountain,  now  on  the  left 
watching  with  eager  impatience  the  mortal  combat  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee  under  Sherman.  P'inally,  bracing 
themselves  for  the  perilous  feat  of  scaling  the  ridge,  the  92d, 
36th  and  nth  Ohio,  supported  by  the  31st,  17th  and  89th 
Ohio  Regiments  and  the  82(1  Indiana,  moved  steadily  over 
the  plain  and  through  the  woods,  swept  over  the  works  be- 
neath and  advanced  unvaryingly  for  those  on  the  crest.  No 
position  ever  presented  more  difficulties;  the  Confederate 
lines,  bending  back  around  the  head  of  a ravine  that  pierced 
the  assaulting  lines,  breaking  them  and  destroying  their  im- 
petus, had  their  ends  terminated  in  batteries  on  the  advanced 
knobs.  The  batteries  and  supports,  as  the  storming  parties 
rose  higher  and  higher,  changed  from  a front  to  a flank  fire, 
and  as  the  line  struggled,  under  the  crushing  storm  of  grape, 
canister  shot  and  musketry,  through  the  entanglements  at 
the  summit,  their  guns  belched  forth  terrible  havoc.  Mid- 
way up  the  steep  ascent  the  regiment’s  commander,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Putnam,  was  struck  down  ; near  him  Lieu- 
tenant Townsend  fell  dead,  and  the  color-sergeant  and  guards 
met  with  instant  dea  h.  While  rallying  the  men  by  the 
colors,  young  Captain  Whitlesey,  a brave  and  noble  officer, 
was  slain.  But  the  men  went  on  ; they  needed  no  leader 
then.  Mingling  their  tattered  flags  with  those  of  the  36th 
and  I ith  Ohio,  they  swarmed  over  the  w'orks.  While  lend- 
ing the  storming  party  .\djutant  Turner  received  his  death- 
wound.  . . . Again  at  Rocky-Faced  Ridge  the  92d  made  its 
mark  ; charging  through  a retreating  Federal  line,  they 
valiantly  repulsed  a charge  of  the  enemy,  thus  rescuing  the 
color-bearers  and  colors  of  an  Indiana  regiment  cut  off  and 
at  bay.  . . . Fearing  returned  to  his  command  at  Ringgold, 
Georgia,  in  March,  1864.  In  the  following  May  he  moved 
south  with  Turchin’s  brigade,  and  fought  with  it  in  that 
extraordinary  campaign  which  counted  one  hundred  days 
of  continuous  fighting,  many  of  the  so-called  skirmishes 
swelling  into  the  proportions  of  grand  battles.  He  took 


part  also  in  the  ensuing  campaign  north,  after  Hood’s  army, 
also  in  the  march  from  Atlanta  to  th,e  sea.  A\t  Savannah  he 
received  from  President  Lincoln  a commission  as  Brigadier- 
General  by  brevet,  a promotion  which  was  awarded  him 
under  the  most  flattering  circumstances.  The  commission 
bore  date  of  December  2d,  1864,  and  was  conferred  “for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  long  campaign 
from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  and  from  Atlanta  to  Savan- 
nah.” He  was  assigned  to  duty  in  Morgan’s  division,  2d 
Division  of  the  14th  Army  Corps,  and  selected  the  3d  Brig- 
ade as  his  command,  a body  of  troops  known  familiarly  as 
“Colonel  Dan  McCook’s  fighting  brigade,”  and  composed 
of  the  following  regiments  : 85th,  86th,  i loth  and  125th  Illi- 
nois ; the  22d,  Jefferson  C.  Davis,  Indiana,  and  McCook’s 
52d  Ohio.  January  20th,  1865,  the  brigade  marched  out 
of  the  city  of  Savannah,  crossed  the  Savannah  and  “ fol- 
lowed the  eagles  into  the  Carolinas.”  Carrying  with  them 
ponderous  trains  and  artillery,  the  troops  crossed  the  Edisto, 
■Santee,  Broad,  .Saluda,  Wateree,  Catawba,  Pedee,  Lumber, 
Cape  b'ear  and  Neuse  rivers,  and  at  A verysborough  had  “a 
sharp  and  beautiful  fight  at  close  quarters  ” with  Rhett’s 
brigade  of  .South  Carolinians,  fresh  from  their  defences  of 
Charleston  and  Sumter.  At  Bentonville,  North  Carolina, 
when  the  enemy  had  broken  the  Union  left  and  centre  and 
was  everywhere  victi  riotts.  General  Jefferson  C.  Davis 
snatched  Fearing’s  brigade  from  its  post  on  the  right  and 
hurled  it  impetuously  in  on  ihe  right  as  a forlorn  hope,  ex- 
plaining, as  the  brigade  took  the  charge  pace,  the  great  stress 
and  need  to  General  Fearing,  in  a few  sharp  and  inciting 
orders  : “ Push  your  w.iy  on  to  their  flank  at  all  hazard  ; roll 
it  up  and  cut  in  as  deep  as  you  can  ; hang  on  to  it,  and  give 
them  no  rest  or  time  to  reform.  You  must  check  and  hold 
them  for  a time,  if  it  cost  you  the  entire  brigade.”  Lffimask- 
ing  the  main  line,  and  putting  it  abreast  on  the  right  (the 
enemy’s  edge)  of  the  heavy  line  of  skirmishers,  the  charge 
w.as  made  with  the  front  of  a division.  The  charge  was 
glorious;  square  on  the  tender  and  sensitive  flank.  The 
advancing  lines  on  the  left  were  compelled  to  inaugurate  a 
new,  confused  formation,  and  the  sorely-needed  check  was 
administered.  But  what  a hornets’  nest  the  brigade  had 
gotten  into  in  their  impetuous  onset ! So  much  ground  v\  as 
gained  that  their  right  flank  w.as  brought  into  opposition 
with  the  enemy’s  reserves,  and  down  pounced  Hake’s  North 
Carolina  division  ere  the  exposed  flank  could  be  turned  into 
a front,  and  then  ensued  a desperate  struggle  in  the  Trouble- 
Field  .Swamps,  which  resulted  ultimately  in  the  defeat  of 
the  rebels.  During  this  terrible  action  Fearing’s  horse  was 
shot  under  him,  while  a Minie  ball  carried  away  the  thumb, 
forefinger,  and  a part  of  his  right  hand.  This  wound  proved 
a dangerous  one,  and  permanently  disabled  him  for  active 
service  in  the  field.  Van  Horne,  in  his  “ History  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberlami,”  after  describing  in  detail  the 
battle,  thus  sums  it  u]) : “Viewed  in  relation  to  the  magni- 
tude of  the  army  successfully  resisted  by  eight  brigades  of  in- 
fantry and  Kilpatrick’s  division  of  cavalry,  which  held  posi- 


428 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


tion  on  the  left  and  rear,  the  objects  and  hopes  of  the  enemy  | 
and  the  character  of  the  fighting  by  Morgan’s  division,  the 
engagement  takes  rank  amongst  the  great  decisive  battles 
of  the  war.  The  defence  under  such  unequal  conditions 
was  triumphantly  successful,  and  General  Johnston  here 
failed  in  the  only  special  aggressive  effort  against  General 
Sherman  in  his  march  from  Atlanta  to  Raleigh.  That  the 
issue  turned  upon  the  action  of  the  brigades  of  Mitchell, 
Vanderveer  and  Fearing  cannot  be  doubted.  The  two 
former  did  not  give  an  inch  of  ground  to  the  enemy,  though 
thrown  into  single  lines,  cut  off  from  support,  surrounded 
and  compelled  to  fight  in  front  and  rear.  The  action  of 
Fearing’s  brigade  was  not  less  important,  as  it  disturbed  and 
defeated  General  Johnston’s  combination  to  utilize  for  com- 
plete success  his  first  advantage.  General  Fearing  fought 
in  complete  isolation  for  some  time,  without  defences,  and 
when  his  right  flank  was  struck  by  the  enemy,  with  such 
force  as  to  shatter  it,  he  changed  front  upon  his  left,  rallied 
his  shattered  troops,  and  held  the  ground  essential  to  the- 
stability  of  the  new  line.  The  later  dispositions  and  re- 
sistance by  the  whole  command  gave  a symmetry  and  bril- 
liancy to  the  conflict  which  have  seldom  found  expression  in 
such  urgent  improvision.”  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re- 
signed his  position,  and  was  then  offered  the  rank  of  Major 
in  the  regular  army,  which,  however,  he  declined  to  accept. 
Having  as  a private  taken  part  in  the  first  important  battle 
of  the  war,  and  as  commander  of  a brigade  in  the  closing 
action,  he  resolved  to  return  to  his  home,  gladdened  by  the 
reflection  that  he  had  assisted  in  a measure  in  the  saving  of 
the  nation’s  life.  The  names  of  those  places  where  he  fought 
for  his  country’s  flag  are  now  historic  : Manassas;  the  battles 
of  West  Virginia,  Shiloh,  Cation  Mountain,  luka,  Corinth, 
Carthage,  Hoover’s  Gap,  Tullahoma,  Catlett’s  Gap,  Lane’s 
Church,  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  Buzzard  Roost,  Rocky- 
Faced  Ridge,  Resaca,  Etowah,  Allatoona  Pass,  Pine  Knob, 
Kenesaw  (June  27th),  Nicojack,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Chat- 
tahoochee (July  20th,  22d  and  28th),  Utoy  Creek,  Rough 
and  Ready,  Jonesborough,  Atlanta;  the  regions  traversed  in 
the  march  to  the  sea;  Savannah;  through  the  Carolinas; 
Averysborough,  Bentonville.  As  a field-officer  he  was  ever 
ready,  night  and  day,  for  active  service;  was  quick  to  seize 
upon  all  the  salient  points  of  a position  for  defence,  attack, 
or  picket ; was  admirably  careful  in  the  selection  of  good 
camping  ground  ; attended  personally  to  the  instruction  and 
comfort  of  his  troops  ; knew  the  men  of  his  regiment  by 
name,  and  also  their  qualities  ; possessed  the  ability  which 
organizes  rapidly  and  effectively  in  the  camp  or  during  ac- 
tion ; was  strict  in  discipline,  and  under  all  circumstances 
w.as  extremely  wary  in  his  measures  to  avoid  surprises,  while 
incessantly  devising  new  measures  to  ensure  the  safety  of 
his  command;  once  engaged,  he  never  hesitated  to  expose 
either  it  or  himself,  when  extremities  demanded  a sacrifice. 
Upon  his  retirement  from  the  service,  and  before  his  wounds 
were  entirely  healed,  he  purchased  an  interest  in  a manufac- 
turing company,  whose  business  relations  extended  through- 


out all  the  States.  The  works  were  at  Mansfield,  Ohio, 
Blymyer,  Day  & Co.,  and  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Blymyer, 
Horton  & Co.,  with  a distributing  house  in  Chicago,  Bly- 
myer, Fearing  & Co.  He  settled  in  Mansfield  primarily, 
then  took  the  field  and  devoted  himself  to  the  task  of 
establishing  a complete  system  of  agencies  in  all  the  States 
for  the  sale  of  the  machinery  manufactured  by  the  houses 
with  which  he  was  connected.  -From  1866  to  1871  he 
travelled  from  seven  to  eight  months  during  each  year  in 
the  South  and  West  assiduously  engaged  in  prosecuting  this 
business.  In  1872  he  relinquished  his  former  relations  and 
associated  himself  with  T.  J.  Cochran,  one  of  his  old  com- 
rades in  the  army,  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  oil,  and 
in  a general  commission  business,  under  the  firm-style  of 
Cochran  & Fearing,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  The  partnership 
is  still  in  existence,  and  they  are  the'  proprietors  of  lire  Anchor 
Oil  Works,  Cincinnati. 


MITII,  RICHARD,  Editor  of  the  Cincinnati 
Gazelle,  was  born  in  Ireland,  January  30th,  1823. 
In  1841  he  came  to  America.  One  of  his  brothers 
had  preceded  him  and  located  in  Cincinnati,  and 
through  this  brother’s  instrumentality  the  other 
members  of  his  family  were  brought  to  this  country 
after  the  death  of  their  father.  Mr.  Smith  had  received  a 
fair  education  in  the  old  country,  but  not  at  once  finding 
anything  to  suit  his  inclination,  he  spent  the  first  three  years 
of  his  residence  in  Cincinnati  in  learning  and  working  at 
the  carpenter’s  trade.  He  was  afterwards  connected  with 
the  Chronicle  newspaper,  which  was  subsequently  merged 
into  the  Gazelle.  In  1S46  he  became  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  in  the  following 
year  was  appointed  Agent  of  the  Associated  Press.  This 
position  he  held  until  1850,  when  he  was  appointed  Super- 
intendent of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  This  he  resigned 
in  1855  on  account  of  his  connection  with  the  Gazelle,  which 
had  been  entered  into  during  the  preceding  year.  He  soon 
acquired  a small  proprietary  interest  in  and  is  now  the 
largest  individual  stockholder  and  the  responsible  editor  of 
the  Gazelle.  In  1867  he  received  the  nomination  of  his 
party  for  Congressional  Representative  from  the  Hamilton 
county  district,  but  was  not  successful.  He  has  always  been 
a Republican,  and  through  his  management  the  Gazelle  has 
become  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  solid  organs  of  the 
party  principles  in  the  country,  as  well  as  the  most  high- 
toned  and  safe  among  secular  journals  on  all  questions  of 
the  day.  He  is  a writer  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  and 
a fine  speaker,  and  although  his  body  is  too  short  and  light, 
yet  his  large  head  and  general  aspect,  with  his  earnest  man- 
ners, will  always  give  him  weight  and  mark  him  favorably 
before  an  audience  or  in  a public  body.  He  is  one  of  the 
noteworthy  successful  men  of  the  day,  and  has,  in  addition 
to  his  fine  position  as  a leading  journalist  and  his  high  stand- 
ing in  the  business  community,  acquired  a comfortable  for- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


429 


tune.  He  is  a member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In 
1S46  he  was  married  to  Mary  Quinn,  of  Kentucky,  and  has 
a family  of  five  children. 


ENIG,  GEORGE,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born  in  Chambersburg,  Franklin  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  November  25th,  1785.  He 
received  a good  English  education,  and  had  some 
knowledge  of  the  classics.  His  familiarity  with 
drugs,  acquired  while  conducting  his  father’s 
store,  suggested  the  study  of  medicine,  and  he  at  once 
entered  upon  it  with  all  the  ardor  of  his  impetuous  nature. 
His  preceptor  was  Dr.  S.  D.  Culbertson,  of  his  native  place, 
a man  of  brilliant  intellect,  large  e.xperience,  and  extensive 
practice.  In  1809  he  married  and  commenced  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  Strawsburg,  a village  in  the  same  county  in 
which  he  was  born.  During  his  residence  here,  a period 
of  three  years,  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  William 
Awl,  who  was  also  just  entering  upon  the  active  duties  of 
life  in  a neighboring  town.  Between  them  arose  a sincere 
friendship  and  mutual  esteem,  the  social  intercourse  and 
kindly  offices  resulting  from  which  were  renew'ed  after  a 
lengthy  separation,  in  this  city,  and  continued  uninterrupted 
until  his  death.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  1812,  he 
was  appointed  Surgeon’s  Mate  to  a regiment  from  his  own 
county,  of  which  his  preceptor.  Dr.  Culbertson,  was  Surgeon. 
Soon  after  his  return  home  at  the  expiration  of  his  commis- 
sion, he  removed  to  McConnellsburg,  Bedford  county,  a 
beautiful  village  situated  in  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  pic- 
turesque valleys  of  the  State.  Here  he  spent  thirty  years  in 
the  active  and  laborious  pursuits  of  a profession  to  which  he 
was  almost  idolatrously  attached,  and  of  which  he  was 
indeed  an  ornament.  During  the  greater  part  of  the  many 
years  the  doctor  .spent  there,  he  w'as  the  sole  representative 
of  the  medical  profession  within  a radius  of  fifteen  or 
twenty  miles.  The  amount  of  labor  he  was  compelled  to 
do  would  be  appalling  to  almost  any  physician  of  the  present 
day.  Although  eminently  successful  as  a practitioner  of 
medicine,  his  strong  bias  was  toward  the  department  of 
surgery,  and  here  his  mechanical  skill  was  no  small  element ' 
in  his  success.  He  had  extraordinary  constructive  powers. 
He  made  with  his  own  hands,  notwithstanding  his  extensive 
business,  most  of  his  means  and  appliances  for  the  treatment 
of  fractures,  and  they  were  in  those  days  numerous  and 
complicated.  He  invented,  and  had  constructed,  beds  for 
sick  and  injured  persons;  easy  chairs  admitting  of  every 
variety  of  motion ; fine  electric  apparatuses ; and  a great 
many  ingenious  addenda  calculated  to  amuse  and  instruct. 
In  this  way  his  mechanical  skill  was  of  much  service  to 
him,  but  especially  so  in  the  facility  with  which  it  enabled 
him  to  perform  surgical  operations.  In  the  social  questions 
of  the  day  he  took  an  active  and  influential  part,  espec- 
ially in  the  first  temperance  movement.  Always  temperate 
himself,  he  was  an  implacable  foe  to  intemperance.  He 


was  frequently  called  out  to  deliver  temperance  lectures, 
many  of  which  found  their  way  into  print.  He  was  widely 
known  for  his  skill  in  obstetrics,  and  his  aid  was  sought 
frequently  at  distances  remote  from  his  own  proper  theatre 
of  action.  He  wrote  and  published  a small  treatise  on  this 
subject.  In  1840  Dr.  Denig  found  his  health  failing,  and 
concluded  to  go  West  and  engage  in  some  other  pursuit. 
He  removed  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1841,  and  established 
the  drug  store  of  Denig  & Son.  In  politics  in  his  young 
days  he  was  a Jeffersonian  Democrat,  in  maturer  life  a 
Whig,  and  in  his  declining  years  an  uncompromising  Re- 
publican. During  his  whole  life  he  was  a consistent 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  His  death  occurred 
in  1875.  John  M.  Denig,  his  son,  was  born  on  November 
17th,  iSiS,  in  McConnellsburg,  Pennsylvania.  Pie  went  to 
Illinois  in  1837,  and  resided  there  four  years.  Returning 
to  his  native  place  in  1841,  he  opened  a drug  store,  and  re- 
mained there  until  1849,  when  he  removed  to  Columbus 
and  continued  the  drug  business  in  that  city.  He  married, 
in  1858,  Ada  S.  Buck,  daughter  of  William  L.  Buck,  of 
Truxton,  New  York. 


ROWN,  PL  WILSON,  was  born  in  Greenville, 
Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania,  November  9th, 
1826,  and  is  of  Scotch  and  Irish  lineage,  a direct 
descendant  of  one  of  the  pilgrims  of  the  May- 
flower, and  a relative.of  the  Wilson  who  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
He  first  attended  the  common  school  of  his  native  town,  and 
then  finished  his  education  in  Westminster  College,  of  Law- 
rence county,  Pennsylvania.  He  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  April,  1847,  and  engaged  as  shipping  clerk  for  Peter 
A.  Sprigman  & Son.  In  1849  he  obtained  a position  as  clerk 
of  the  steamer  “ Hoosier  State,”  one  of  the  Cincinnati  and 
Madison  packets.  In  November,  1852,  he  became  a mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Sprigman  & Brown,  and  was  appointed 
P'reight  Agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  for  Cincinnati, 
and  has  been  occupied  in  that  department  in  connection 
with  the  “ Star  Union  ” and  “ National  ” lines  to  the  present 
time.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  old  volunteer  fire 
department  until  the  steam  fire-engines  were  adopted. 
When  the  Harmonic  Society  was  organized  he  assisted  in 
the  work,  and  became  one  of  its  original  members,  and  has 
been  its  Vice-President  nearly  all  of  the  time  to  the  present 
d.ay.  During Phe  first  four  years  of  the  Cincinnati  Industrial 
Exposition  he  was  one  of  its  most  energetic  officers,  serving 
in  1871  as  First  Vice-President.  In  1869  he  was  elected  an 
elder  in  the  P'ifth  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cincinnati,  and  is 
one  of  its  most  indefatigable  workers.  Mr.  Brown  was 
married,  October  7th,  1852,  to  Louisa  Whiteman  Coffin,  of 
Madison,  Indiana,  and  by  her  has  had  four  children,  three 
boys  and  one  girl — two  boys  and  one  girl  now  living.  The 
eldest,  Willie  Brown,  was  born  August  8th,  1853,  and  was 


430 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


drowned  on  the  steamer  “ Pat  Rogers,”  August  5th,  1874, 
and  was  buried  on  his  twenty-first  birthday,  August  8th, 
1S74.  He  was  possessed  of  a lovely  character,  of  pleasing 
personal  presence,  and  e.igerly  sought  for  in  all  social  and 
musical  gatherings ; his  gay  and  buoyant  spirits  were  tem- 
pered with  an  unfailing  courtesy  that  always  made  him  a 
welcome  and  favorite  guest.  He  gave  bright  promise  as  a 
musician,  and  very  few  can  fill  his  place  in  the  Harmonic 
Society. 

®rt|\jELANO,  LINCOLN  GOODALE,  was  born  at 
I Columbus,  Ohio,  November  loih,  1828.  His 
(01  I father,  Harry  Delano,  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was 
■ engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Columbus, 

Ohio,  from  1814  until  1841,  the  time  of  his  death. 
His  mother  was  Sarah  Denny,  daughter  of  General 
James  Denny,  of  P.ckaway  county,  Ohio.  Lincoln  Goodale 
Delano  attemled  schools  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  until  1840;  he 
was  at  that  time  placed  under  the  instruction  of  the  Rev.  E. 
Washburn,  of  the  Blendon  Institute,  in  P'ranklin  county, 
Ohio.  During  the  year  1843  he  entered  the  mercantile 
business  and  remained  in  it  until  1846,  when  he  adopted 
the  profession  of  Civil  Engineer.  lie  was  at  Kenyon  Col- 
lege during  the  year  1851,  but  continued  in  the  business  of 
Civil  Engineer  until  1855,  when  he  engaged  in  driving 
cattle  from  Texas  to  the  Chicago  and  New  York  markets. 
He  has  followed  the  cattle  business  and  agricuilural  pursuits 
up  to  the  present  time.  Erom  1870  to  1876  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  for  the  years  1873  and  1874.  Governor 
Allen  appointed  him  one  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
the  construction  of  the  Central  Ohio  Hospital  for  Insane  in 
1874,  and  to  the  same  position  in  1875;  he  resigned  the 
commission  in  1876  to  accept  the  office  of  Commissioner  of 
Railroads  and  Telegraphs,  tendered  him  by  Governor  Allen. 
He  was  married,  January  15th,  1S61,  to  Martha  Crouse, 
daughter  of  Hon.  John  Crouse,  of  Ross  county,  Ohio. 


ELLY,  WILLIAM  CLAY,  Lawyer,  was  born  on 
the  24lh  of  March,  1840,  in  Liberty  township, 
Hancock  county,  Ohio,  of  Irish  ancestry.  He 
received  his  education  at  Findley  High  School, 
in  his  native  county,  and  on  leaving  school  in 
March,  1855,  he  commenced  at  once  to  teach. 
From  that  time  until  1861  the  greater  part  of  his  time  was 
spent  in  teaching.  In  the  month  of  December,  1859,  he 
commenced  reading  law  with  Hon.  Henry  Brown,  of 
Findley,  and  continued  reading  with  him  until  the  23d  of 
July,  1862.  Then  he  dropped  his  professional  studies  for 
the  time,  and  in  connection  with  Captain  Pope  and  Lieu- 
tenant Hursh,  of  Findley,  he  commenced  recruiting  Com- 
pany D of  the  99th  Ohio  Infantry.  With  this  company  and 


regiment  he  entered  the  service,  and  remained  with  them 
until  November,  1862,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of 
sickness,  and  returned  home.  In  January,  1863,  he  en- 
tered the  Ohio  Union  Law  College  at  Cleveland,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  June  of  the  same  year.  Imme- 
diately after  his  graduation  he  was  admitted  as  an  attorney 
in  the  United  .States  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of 
Ohio.  In  the  month  of  May  of  the  following  year  he  was 
admitted  on  the  application  of  the  Hon.  Morrison  R. 
Waite,  in  the  District  Court  of  Toledo,  to  practise  law  in 
the  State  of  Ohio.  On  the  l6th  of  March,  1864,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Wauseon,  Fulton 
county,  Ohio,  and  from  that  time  to  the  present  he  has 
continued  to  reside  there,  in  active  practice.  His  success 
from  the  first  has  been  very  great,  and  he  speedily  attained 
a large  and  growing  practice.  His  natural  abilities  and  his 
high  professional  attainments  have  won  for  him  the  confi- 
dence of  all,  and  he  now  occupies  a leading  position  in  his 
profession,  and  his  services  are  constantly  in  demand.  In 
politics  he  is  a Republican,  but  his  constant  professional 
occupation  has  precluded  much  active  participation  on  his 
part  in  political  affairs.  He  has  held  no  public  office  except 
that  of  Mayor  of  Wauseon,  to  which  posilion  he  was  elected 
in  the  spring  of  1874  over  the  Prohibition  candidate.  In 
person  he  is  of  medium  height,  and  has  a pleasant  and 
agreeable  face.  His  manner  is  eminently  courteous  and 
prepossessing,  and  he  is  as  popular  socially  as  he  is  profes- 
sionally. He  w.as  married  on  the  2d  of  November,  1867, 
to  Minnie  L.  Ayers,  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 


cMILLAN,  URLMI  G.,  Physician  and  Druggist, 
was  born  in  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  January 
29th,  1826,  being  the  son  of  Enos  McMillan,  a 
farmer,  who  was  a native  of  the  same  locality. 
11  is  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah 
Wright,  was  born  in  the  same  State.  In  1837  he 
went  with  his  parents  to  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  where 
his  father  afterwards  cultivated  a farm  and  ran  a mill.  The 
education  of  Dr.  McMillan  was  begun  in  this  section.  His 
summers  were  employed  in  assisting  his  father,  and  his 
winters  in  study  at  school.  In  1844  he  entered  the  high 
school  at  New  Lisbon,  defraying  the  expenses  of  his  support 
and  tuition  by  working  during  his  leisure  hours.  In  1846, 
having  obtained  a tolerably  comprehensive  knowledge  of 
those  branches  of  study  mainly  needed  in  business  life,  and. 
of  others,  the  usefulness  of  which  by  many  at  that  time  was 
regarded  as  visionary,  he  started  on  a novel  undertaking. 
In  company  with  James  W.  Marshall,  he  went  about  to 
teach  the  philosophy  of  electricity,  having  obtained  an  appa- 
ratus with  which  to  illustrate  his  lectures.  In  this  line  he 
was  very  successful,  and  was  able  to  meet  all  the  obligations 
which  he  incurred  vvhile  a student.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  John  P. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 


431 


Gntell,  of  Gilford,  Ohio,  and  in  1S49  graduated  from  the 
Hudson  Medical  College  at  Cleveland.  While  a student 
in  that  city  he  was  a pupil  of  Ur.  St.  John,  now  of  the  New 
York  School  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  became  his 
assistant  in  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the  Hudson  Medical 
College.  Dr.  McMillan  graduated  as  the  second  in  his 
class,  and  in  the  same  year  commenced  practice  in  Gilford, 
Ohio.  He  started  on  a tour  for  the  purpose  of  finding  some 
more  suit.ahle  location,  lecturing  and  practising  dentistry 
while  en  route;  but  returned  late  in  the  fall  of  1849  without 
having  made  any  satisfactory  discovery.  During  the  ensu- 
ing winter  he  visited  the  Eastern  States  and  lectured  in 
some  of  the  leading  colleges.  In  the  fall  of  1850  he  settled 
in  Clinton,  Vermillion  county,  Indiana,  and  joined  PJr. 
Isaac  B.  Hedges  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  so  suc- 
cessfully as  a physician  and  business  manager  did  he  conduct 
the  duties  of  the  partnership  that  he  made  a practice  pay 
both  himself  and  Dr.  Hedges  well.  On  January  ist,  1854, 
he  moved  to  Bowling  Green,  Indiana,  and  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Pinckley  established  a drugstore  and  still  con- 
tinued his  professional  duties.  The  latter  grew  in  impor- 
tance very  rapidly  in  this  place,  and  his  skill  and  care  made 
him  ample  returns.  In  the  ensuing  fall  he  took  into  part- 
nership Dr.  R.  H.  Culbertson,  and  in  the  following  year 
established  a fine  dry-goods  store,  taking  upon  himself  the 
financial  management  of  the  house,  and  placing  it  immedi- 
ately under  the  charge  of  his  brother,  J.  W.  McMillan.  In 
1857  he  opened  a bank  and  issued  its  paper  himself.  The 
public,  which  had  then  scarcely  any  relialde  medium, 
accepted  it  in  confidence,  and  this  confidence  was  not 
betrayed,  as  every  dollar  was  redeemed.  Dr.  McMillan 
proved  himself  a safe  and  skilful  financier,  and  .secured  a 
reputation  scarcely  less  distinguished  than  that  he  had 
achieved  as  a physician.  In  1858  he  speculated  in  Iowa 
lands,  and  in  1859  in  Kansas  and  other  State  lands,  and 
was  in  all  these  ventures  uniformly  successful.  When,  in 
i860,  he  moved  to  Cincinnati  to  make  that  his  future  place 
of  residence,  he  was  the  owner  in  fee  simple  of  several 
thousand  acres  of  rich  land  in  western  States.  He  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  drug  business,  and  became  in  a short 
time  a member  of  the  firm  of  R.  Macready  & Co.  He  con- 
tinued his  connection  with  this  house  until  February,  1873, 
when  he  retired  from  active  mercantile  and  professional 
life.  Soon  after  he  visited  Europe  with  his  family,  and 
travelled  through  all  of  the  important  continental  cities. 
Dr.  McMillan  has  earned  a fine  reputation  for  business 
ability.  While  a member  of  the  firm  of  Macready  & Co., 
its  sales  aggregated  over  a million  dollars  annually.  All 
his  business  undertakings,  in  a life  that  has  been  one  of 
unusual  activity  and  variety,  have  been  prosperous,  and  not 
by  adventitious  aids,  but  by  the  exercise  of  judgment  as  to 
the  immediate  wants  of  communities,  and  of  enterprise  to 
supply  them.  Dr.  McMillan  amassed  a large  fortune,  which 
he  enjoys  in  retirement  with  his  family.  He  is  a man  of 
profound  scientific  learning,  and  almost  as  much  of  a stu- 


dent to-day  as  when  preparing  himself  for  professional  life. 
A part  of  his  lime  he  devotes  to  books  of  travel,  still  hoj^ing 
to  travel  round  the  world,  and  part  to  the  study  of  law, 
especially  law  pertaining  to  trade-marks  and  patents.  In 
the  study  of  law  he  is  carrying  out  his  first  thought  of  a 
profession  in  his  boyhood.  He  is  scholarly  in  his  tastes, 
generous  in  his  impulses,  and  public-sjurited  in  all  his  rela- 
tions to  the  community  which  surrounds  him.  He  was 
married  in  1S51  to  Ann  B.  Gwathmey,  daughter  of  Dr.  W. 
B.  Gwathmey,  of  Bowling  Green,  Indiana.  She  died  in 
1S54,  and  in  1859  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Ross,  daughter 
of  General  M.  K.  Alexander,  of  Paris,  Illinois 


RAZER,  ABNER  L.,  Civil  Engineer,  was  born  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  on  January  2Ist,  1821.  He  was 
named  after  his  grandfather.  Colonel  Abner  Lord, 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Marietta,  who  emi- 
grated there  with  his  family  from  Connecticut  in 
1794.  While  he  was  yet  a child,  Abner’s  father 
died,  and  his  mother  married  Hon.  Benjamin  Tappan,  then 
a Representative  in  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  removed  to 
her  husband’s  home  at  Steubenville.  There  the  boy  grew 
up,  receiving  his  education  at  the  best  schools  in  the  town, 
and  receiving  instructions  from  a private  tutor  in  h'rench 
and  Latin.  On  reaching  his  sixteenth  year  he  entered  the 
engineering  service  of  the  State  of  Ohio  as  rodman,  receiv- 
ing as  compensation  twelve  dollars  a month,  with  an  allow- 
ance of  two  dollars  a week  for  board,  and  was  assigned  to 
the  construction  of  the  Miami  canal,  from  Dayton  to  Troy. 
This  work  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1836,  and  the  corps, 
under  charge  of  Andrew  Young  as  Principal  Engineer,  and 
Samuel  Farrer  as  Engineer-in-Chief  of  the  State,  went  to 
work  on  the  location  and  construction  of  the  Wabash  & 
Erie  canal,  from  Manhattan  and  Toledo  westward  to  the 
State  line.  After  the  location  had  been  accomplished,  he 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  division  from  Maumee  to  Provi- 
dence, along  the  rapids  of  the  Maumee,  Daniel  B.  Taylor 
acting  as  Principal  Assistant  Engineer.  The  malarial  cha- 
racter of  the  climate  told  severely  upon  the  constitution  of 
Abner  Frazer,  and  he  was  eventually  compelled  to  abandon 
his  work  in  that  section  of  country,  and  return  to  Steuben- 
ville, his  health  shattered.  A winter  trip  to  New  Orleans, 
as  supercargo  of  a flat  boat  belonging  to  his  brother,  James 
A.  Frazer,  was  of  great  benefit  to  him,  and  he  returned  to 
Steubenville,  much  improved  in  health.  On  his  return  to 
.Steubenville  he  acted  upon  the  suggestion  of  Judge  Tappan, 
then  a member  of  the  United  States  Senate  and  a prominent 
])olitician,  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Democratic 
newspaper  of  Jefferson  county,  and  at  once  commenced 
editorial  work  upon  it.  His  paper,  the Union, 
took  a radical  and  uncompromising  attitude  regarding 
banks,  the  tariff,  and  other  topics  that  were  then  prominent 
political  issues.  Political  work  and  political  study  went 


432 


BIOGRAPHICAL  encyclop.l:dia. 


together  with  him,  and  in  his  studies  he  began  at  the  begin- 
ning, and  gave  more  and  deeper  thought  to  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  than  he  had  hitherto  done.  This  led  him 
gradually,  but  irresistibly,  to  the  conviction  that  slavery  was 
wrong;  and  under  the  force  of  this  conviction  he  became  a 
“ Free-Soiler,”  and  identified  himself  wdth  the  Republican 
party  at  its  earliest  organization.  In  the  meantime  he 
bought  the  only  book  store  in  the  place,  and  infused  his 
characteristic  energy  into  the  business,  in  addition  to  attend- 
ing to  his  editorial  labors.  When  the  question  of  latitudinal 
railroads  across  Ohio  began  to  be  considered,  his  public 
spirit  became  fully  aroused.  He  believed  Steubenville  was 
on  the  direct  route  between  Philadelphia  and  New  York 
and  the  West,  and  in  this  belief  assisted  in  the  reconnois- 
sance  between  Pittsburgh  and  Columbus.  He  found  the 
open-air  exercise  greatly  beneficial  to  his  health,  and  when 
the  w'ork  of  locating  and  constructing  the  Pittsburgh,  Cin- 
cinnati & St.  Louis  Railroad — known  as  the  Panhandle 
Route — came  to  be  done,  he  assisted  in  the  execution  of  it. 
Then  he  turned  his  attention  to  organizing  the  Steubenville 
& Indiana  Railroad  Company,  and  for  a time  he  and  one 
or  tw'o  others  in  Steubenville  bore  almost  the  entire  weight 
of  the  enterprise  upon  their  own  shoulders ; and  had  they 
not  done  so,  it  is  doubtful  if  that  now  popular  road  would 
ever  have  been  built.  In  1856  he  abandoned  the  profession 
of  engineering,  on  account  of  the  necessity  which  it  en- 
tailed of  being  so  much  away  from  home,  and  removed  to 
Cincinnati  and  entered  the  wholesale  grocery  house  of  his 
brother  James.  During  six  years  of  his  residence  in  Cin- 
cinnati he  wms  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and 
assisted  in  organizing  the  University  of  Cincinnati  under  its 
present  laws.  He  wms  for  a time  one  of  the  Board  of  Offi- 
cers in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  while  there  urged 
the  annual  repetition  of  the  textile  fabric  exhibition,  and 
so  promoted  what  has  since  become  the  Cincinnati  Indus- 
trial Exposition.  He  w'as  brought  up  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  and  was  confirmed,  when  twenty-four 
years  old,  by  Bishop  Mcllwaine.  He  is,  and  has  always 
been,  a strict  temperance  man,  and  is  also  a member  of 
several  beneficial  societies.  He  w'as  married,  when  twenty- 
three  years  old,  to  Martha  J.  McDowell,  daughter  of  Alex- 
ander J.  McDowell,  of  Steubenville,  and  granddaughter 
of  Colonel  McDowell,  who  served  on  General  Washington’s 
medical  staff  in  the  Revolution. 

ITTLE,  JAMES,  M.D.,  Physician,  was  born  No- 
vember iith,  1S18,  at  Morristown,  Lamoille 
county,  Vermont,  and  is  the  second  of  five  chil- 
dren, whose  parents  were  James  and  Anna  M. 
(Shaw)  Little,  both  natives  of  the  same  place  as 
their  son.  His  father  followed  the  profession  of 
meilicine,  and  removed  to  Ohio  in  1818,  locating  at  first  at 
Roseville,  in  Muskingum  county,  where  he  resided  until 


1852,  thence  went  to  Zanesville,  and  afterwards  to  Colamer, 
in  Cuyahoga  county,  where  he  died,  in  November,  1859. 
He  was  of  Welsh  extraction,  and  his  ancestry  active  partici- 
pants in  the  revolutionary  war;  his  wife  was  of  English 
descent;  she  died  in  June,  1832.  James  Little,  their  son, 
was  engaged  in  farm  labor  untd  he  was  sixteen  years  old, 
attending  school  during  the  winter  months.  In  1833  he 
entered  Marietta  College,  Ohio,  and  pursued  a course  of 
literary  study,  which  he  completed  in  1837.  In  this  year 
he  began  the  reading  of  medicine  at  Deavertown,  Morgan 
county,  which  he  pursued  with  energy  and  assiduity  for 
four  years,  meanwhile  attending  the  lectures  delivered  at  the 
Ohio  Medical  College  in  Cincinnati.  In  1842  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Roseville,  Muskin- 
gum county,  and  in  the  autumn  of  1843  located  at  Oakfield, 
in  Perry  county,  where  he  sojourned  about  eight  months. 
He  then  removed  to  Deavertown,  where  he  had  commenced 
his  studies,  and  practised  there  about  three  years.  In  1847 
he  settled  at  Beverly,  in  W’ashington  county,  where  he  re- 
sided for  twenty-three  years,  and  controlled  an  extensive 
practice.  In  1870  he  went  to  Logan,  in  Hocking  county, 
where  he  now  resides,  and  likewise  enjoys  an  extended  and 
lucrative  practice.  He  has  been  remarkable  for  his  success- 
ful treatment  of  chronic  diseases.  He  was  formerly  an  old 
line  Whig,  and  polled  his  maiden  vote  for  General  Harrison 
for  President ; since  that  party  ceased  to  exist,  he  has  sym- 
pathized with  the  Republicans.  He  was  County  Commis- 
sioner of  Washington  county  for  four  years.  He  has  never 
been  connected  with  any  religious  society,  but  entertains 
liberal  views  of  Christianity.  He  has  always  been  a tem- 
perate man  ; temperance  in  language,  action  and  social  in- 
tercourse has  always  been  with  him  a rule  of  conduct.  He 
has  been  remarkable  for  quick  and  generous  sensibilities, 
entirely  devoid  of  selfish  motives.  He  was  married,  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1845,  to  Lurana  S.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Silas  H. 
Jennison,  Governor  of  Vermont — a native  of  Addison 
county  in  that  Stale.  To  them  were  born  two  children, 
■Silas  Jennison,  on  December  nth,  1849,  and  Mary,  on 
August  31st,  1851.  This  biography  would  be  incomplete 
without  some  notice  of  the  distinguished  son.  He  early 
showed  evidences  of  no  ordinary  ability  to  learn,  and  his 
parents  gave  him  every  facility  to  gratify  his  great  desire  to 
improve  his  mind.  The  best  of  teachers  were  employed  in 
the  schools  at  home  so  that  he  might  be  well  prepared  for 
college.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  entered  the  sophomore 
class  in  Marietta  College,  and  graduated  with  high  honors 
in  1872,  when  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
his  father  in  Logan.  In  the  same  year  he  began  attending 
lectures  at  Starling  Medical  College,  and  graduated  with 
first  honors  in  the  spring  of  1874,  being  the  valedictorian 
of  his  class.  Returning  home,  he  commenced  at  once 
with  his  father  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  rapidly, 
through  his  kind,  generous  and  faultless  disposition  and 
medical  ability,  gained  friends  and  patronage,  until  he  was 
called  far  and  near  to  relieve  the  afflicted.  In  February, 


BIOGRAPHICAL 

1874,  the  small-pox  broke  out  in  Logan  in  its  most  terrific 
form,  and  he  was  called  by  the  Board  of  Health  to  minister 
to  the  sufferers  and  to  stop  the  progress  of  the  contagion. 
Having  no  fear  of  self  and  an  overpowering  desire  to  do 
good,  he,  on  the  lith  day  of  that  month,  entered  on  this 
terrible  mission,  working  night  and  day,  and  assisting  at 
midnight  to  bury  the  dead,  for  so  frightened  were  the  citi- 
zens that  no  help  would  they  render.  In  eleven  days  the 
young  hero  was  stricken  down  with  the  disease,  in  its  most 
malignant  form,  and  in  four  days,  on  February  26th,  he 
passed  away  a martyr  in  the  cause  of  humanity.  No  event, 
since  the  assassination  of  the  martyred  Lincoln,  had  so 
paralyzed  the  community  as  the  death  of  this  noble  young 
man.  The  Board  of  Health  was  called  at  once,  and  passed 
suitable  resolutions,  and  urged  the  Common  Council  of  the 
village  to  erect  at  a suitable  time  a monument  to  his  many 
virtues  and  heroism. 


;^OALE,  SAMUEL  CHASE,  Attorney-at-Law  in 
the  city  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  August  31st,  1818.  He  was  the 
eldest  of  six  children,  only  three  of  whom  are 
now  living,  and  whose  parents  were  Dr.  Skip- 
with  H.  Coale  and  Eliza  (Chase)  Coale,  daughter 
of  Judge  Samuel  Chase,  who  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  from  Maryland,  and  an  Asso- 
ciate Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
until  June  19th,  1811,  when  he  died.  His  father.  Dr. 
Coale,  died  in  Harford  county,  Maryland,  which  was  the 
place  of  his  nativity,  January,  1832,  where  he  was  widely 
and  favorably  known  as  a skilful  and  leading  physician. 
His  mother’s  decease  occurred  in  the  same  county,  March 
loth,  1853.  The  subject  of  this  notice  received  a liberal 
college  education,  though  principally  reared  on  his  father’s 
farm,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Charles  F.  Mayer, 
then  a prominent  lawyer  of  Baltimore,  and  an  influential 
citizen  of  Mai-yland,  he  having  filled  many  important 
public  positions.  In  1843  Coale  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Baltimore,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law,  but 
in  1848  he  removed  to  Cincinnati.  He  did  not  remain 
long,  however,  in  the  latter  city,  but  after  making  several 
changes  of  domicile,  finally  established  himself  in  Stark 
county,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  In  1875 
he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  and  has  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession  with  a reasonable  prospect  of  success.  In 
politics  Mr.  Coale  was  formerly  a Whig,  having  ca.st  his 
fir.-)t  vote  for  General  William  1 1.  Harrison,  but  he  has 
since  been  attached  to  the  Democratic  party.  Religiously, 
he  is  a member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  ; and 
socially  he  is  a genial  and  intelligent  gentleman,  one  of 
that  class  of  positive  men,  who,  while  they  occasionally 
may  make  enemies,  yet  have  the  faculty  of  securing  and 
retaining  many  firm  friendships. 

55 


ENCYCLOPAEDIA.  433 

VTANBERY,  HON.  HENRY,  Lawyer  and  States- 
man, was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  February 
20th,  1S03.  In  1814  he  emigrated  with  his 
father’s  family  to  Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  had 
already  passed  through  a preparatory  course  of 
education  in  New  York,  and  accordingly,  in  1815, 
at  the  age  of  twelve,  entered  Washington  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  in  the  fall  of  1819  graduated.  He  immediately 
began  the  study  of  the  law  in  the  office  of  Ebenezer  Gran- 
ger, at  Lancaster.  Three  years  afterwards  Mr.  Granger 
died.  He  then  continued  his  studies  two  years  under  the 
direction  of  General  Charles  B.  Goddard,  another  distin- 
guished lawyer  of  Zanesville.  He  was  thus  obliged  to 
remain  a student  of  law  for  five  years,  as  he  could  not  be 
admitted  before  the  age  of  twenty-one.  In  the  spring  of 
1824  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  tbe  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio  at  Gallipolis,  and  at  once  commenced  practice  at  Lan- 
caster, under  the  patronage  of  Hon.  Thomas  Ewing.  Mr. 
Ewing  was  practising  in  the  Supreme  Court  at  the  time  of 
Mr.  Stanbery’s  examination,  and  afterwards  cordially  in- 
vited him  to  locate  at  Lancaster,  proffering  his  aid  and 
friendship.  This  offer  the  young  lawyer  was  glad  to  accept. 
In  1846  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  created  the  office  of  Attor- 
ney-General, and  elected  Mr.  Stanbery  to  the  position.  He 
then  removed  to  Columbus,  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
duties  of  his  office.  This  term  of  office  lasted  five  years. 
In  the  summer  of  1853  he  re_moved  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
continued  the  practice  with  the  unusual  success  and  popu- 
larity which  had  marked  his  long  residence  of  twenty-two 
years  at  Lancaster.  In  1850  he  was  a member  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  and  in  1866  was  nominated  for  the 
Supreme  Bench  of  the  United  States;  but  this  nomination 
was  not  acted  on  in  Congress,  owing  to  the  passage  of  a law 
limiting  the  number  of  judges  to  the  status  of  the  court  at 
that  time.  In  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Attorney-Generalship  of  the  United  States,  by  President 
Johnson.  This  position  he  resigned  in  1868,  to  become 
one  of  the  counsel  for  the  President  in  his  impeachment 
trial.  He  was  subsequently  renominated  to  the  same  cabi- 
net position,  but  the  Senate  refused  to  confirm  him.  He 
then  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law  in  the  United  States 
courts  of  Southern  Ohio  and  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  and  since  1857  has  resided  at  Highlands, 
Campbell  county,  Kentucky.  Mr.  Stanbery  has  been  twice 
married;  first  to  the  daughter  of  General  Beecher,  of  Lan- 
caster, Ohio,  who  died,  leaving  several  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living,  and,  in  1841,  to  the  daughter  of  W. 
Key  Bond,  of  Cincinnati.  Nearly  fifty-two  years  Mr. 
Stanbery  has  been  practising  law,  and  has  taken  a front 
rank  in  the  profession.  He  has  ever  been  a bard  and  far- 
discerning  student  of  law,  and  his  professional  habits  have 
been  models  of  fine  deportment.  He  never  undervalues  an 
adversary,  or  suffers  from  inattention  to  bis  own  client ; his 
briefs  are  rare  .specimens  of  logic,  perspicacity  and  force,  up 
to  the  professional  standard  of  any  tribunal,  however  learned 


434 


B 1 0 G K A r H 1 C A L E N C V C LO  P.-ED  I A . 


or  exalted.  Iir  the  court  he  probably  appears  to  the  best 
advantage,  M'here,  at  all  times,  he  presents  himself  to  the 
eye  and  ear  as  the  linished  advocate.  His  appearance  is 
admirable,  his  person  tall  and  straight,  his  voice  mild  and 
clear,  his  gesture  and  manner  courteous  and  dignified,  and 
his  constitutional  vigor  extraordinary,  all  giving  assurance 
of  his  being  equal  to  any  occasion.  Ilis  adroitness  in  the 
investigation  of  facts,  and  in  bringing  the  points  of  law  to 
his  own  aid  and  to  the  distress  of  his  adversary,  cannot  be 
excelled.  And  his  defence  never  fails  to  heighten  the 
marked  interest  which  he  has  excited.  lie  has  ever  attrib- 
uted much  of  his  power  and  resources  to  his  long  contact 
and  strife  with  the  late  Mr.  Ewing  and  the  able  bar  of 
Lancaster.  Great  lawyers,  as  great  men  in  other  intellectual 
pursuits,  appear  in  groups,  because,  like  physical  athletes, 
they  develop  one  another.  Mr.  Stanbery’s  private  life  has 
the  same  thorough  honesty  and  purity  that  distinguish  his 
professional  career;  and  consequently  he  enjoys  justly  an 
enviable  position  among  his  friends  in  and  out  of  the  pro- 
fession, and  the  high  estimation  of  the  public,  lie  has 
never  sought  offices  in  the  line  of  his  profession  nor  in  any 
other  field.  M'here  he  has  filled  and  enjoyed  them,  he  has 
given  them  more  lustre  than  he  received,  by  his  learning 
and  personal  character.  Mr.  Stanbery  has  acquired  a con- 
siderable fortune,  which  would  enable  him  to  retire,  but,  at 
more  than  threescore  and  ten,  he  still  pursues  the  practice 
of  his  profession  ; and  with  the  example  of  many  great 
lawyers,  who  have  kept  the  harne.ss  on  to  a great  age,  he 
will  probably,  as  long  as  his  fine  constitution  gives  him 
strength,  devote  himself  to  his  accustomed  employment 
with  his  exceptional  great  skill,  fidelity  and  success 


i^ALSTEAD,  MURAT,  Journalist,  was  born  in  But- 
ler county,  Ohio,  .September  2d,  1829.  His  father. 
Colonel  Griffin  Halstead,  was  a native  of  North 
Carolina,  l)eing  born  at  Guilford  in  that  State, 
but  as  early  as  1805  he  emigrated  to  Butler 
county,  with  his  parents.  His  mother  was  Clar- 
issa Willits,  of  Ohio.  Until  the  age  of  nineteen  Murat 
passed  the  summers  on  his  father’s  farm  and  the  winters  in 
school.  In  1851  he  graduated  at  Farmer’s  College,  near 
Cincinnati,  and  immediately  afterwards  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  that  city.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  became  a 
contributor  to  the  newspapers,  and  before  leaving  college 
had  acquired  considerable  facility  as  a writer  of  fiction  and 
light  miscellany.  After  locating  in  Cincinnati,  he  aban- 
doned his  intention  of  studying  law,  and  began  to  write  for 
various  papers,  first  for  the  Caietle,  then  as  local  of  the 
Enqiii)er,  as  news  editor  of  the  Atlas,  and  associate  editor 
of  the  Columbian . On  March  loth,  1853,  he  commenced 
working  on  the  Commercial,  its  city  editor;  in  May, 
1854,  bought  a small  interest  in  that  paper,  and  in  1866, 
on  the  death  of  M.  D.  Potter,  the  principal  editor,  the 


entire  control  of  the  paper  passed  into  his  hands.  He  has 
ever  since  been  editor-in-chief  and  leading  stockholder  in 
the  Commercial.  From  1854  to  1866  the  good-will  of  the 
paper  alone,  to  say  nothing  of  its  properly,  had  quadrupled 
in  value,  and  it  had  become,  chiefly  through  his  efforts,  one 
of  the  most  influential  papers  in  the  West.  The  Commer- 
cial is  independent  in  politics.  Mr.  Halstead  is  an  able 
writer,  attacking  with  acknowledged  force  a wide  range  of 
subjects.  For  corruption,  whether  in  high  or  low  places, 
he  knows  no  charity,  and  seems  to  take  the  greatest  pleasure 
in  his  bold  assaults  on  rings  and  wrongs  everywhere.  He 
is  himself  incorruptible.  He  is  not  only  a fine  writer,  but 
also  a speaker  and  lecturer  of  great  force  and  eloquence, 
appearing  to  the  highest  advantage  as  an  extempore  speaker. 
He  inherited  great  constitutional  vigor  and  endurance,  and 
seems  to  shrink  at  no  amount  of  labor.  His  personal  ap- 
pearance is  admirable,  together  with  his  manners  and  ex- 
tensive and  ready  knowledge  of  men  and  things,  giving 
him  the  assurance  of  a pleasant  and  favorable  reception  in 
any  company.  He  does  not  always  take  the  right  side  of  a 
question,  nor  does  he  always  adv'ocate  his  side  in  the  wisest 
manner,  but  his  integrity  and  public  spirit  are  always  patent. 
He  has  travelled  extensively,  and  acquired  much  foreign 
information.  All  in  all,  Mr.  Halstead  is  a man  of  many 
marked  and  distinguished  traits,  and  is  admittedly  one  of 
the  first  journalists  of  the  country.  In  March,  1857,  he 
was  married,  and  has  a family  of  sons  and  daughters. 


LOCKSON,  AUGUSTUS  P.,  I.awyer,was  born  at 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  September  14th,  1820.  His 
father  was  born  at  Milton,  Delaware,  and  his 
mother  at  Paris,  Virginia,  and  both  went  to 
Zanesville  before  their  marriage,  w hich  occurred 
in  1810.  For  many  years  his  father  was  engaged 
in  the  iron-foundry  business,  from  which  he  retired  at  the 
age  of  fifty-five.  Augustus  P.  was  educated  at  what  was 
then  called  a select  private  school,  w hich  he  attended  until 
he  reached  the  age  of  eighteen,  when  he  passed  two  years 
in  his  father’s  foundry.  In  the  meantime,  from  1834  to 
1840,  during  which  period  his  father  was  postmaster  of 
Zanesville,  he  acted  as  clerk  in  the  post-office.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  commenced  to  read  law,  under  Judge  Stillwell. 
He  applied  himself  to  study  with  great  diligence,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  Since  then  he  has  practised 
his  profession  in  Zanesville.  In  1853  he  w'as  elected  to  the 
office  of  City  Solicitor,  to  W’hich  he  w'as  twice  re-elected, 
vacating  that  office  in  1859,  when  he  became  a member  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Education.  This  position  he  held  for 
six  years.  In  1849  appointed  Master  Commissioner 

of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  for  a term  of  three  years. 
He  discharged  the  duties  of  this  position  so  faithfully  that 
he  v.'as  reappointed  at  the  expiration  of  his  first  term,  and 
again  in  1855,  vacating  the  office  in  1858,  having  held  it 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXYCLOP.EDI  A. 


435 


for  nine  consecutive  years.  Mr.  Blockson  has  built  a large 
and  lucrative  practice  in  the  civil  and  in  the  criminal  courts, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  most  of  the  important  cases  before 
the  Zanesville  courts.  His  fees  in  a single  case  amounted 
to  eleven  hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Blockson  and  his  family 
have  been  largely  interested  in  the  growth  and  improve- 
ment of  Zanesville,  still  owning  Blockson’s  Row,  built  by 
his  father.  Mr.  Blockson  stands  high  in  Zanesville  as  a 
citizen  and  as  a member  of  the  bar.  August  28th,  1846, 
he  married  Mary  P.  Hewitt,  whose  grandfather  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  who  landed  at  Marietta,  on  the  7th  of  April, 
178S. 

ALDEX,  JOHN  M.,  Doctor  of  Divinity,  was  born, 
on  the  nth  of  Eebruary,  1831,  at  Lebanon, 
Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  comes  of  Anglo-Saxon 
ancestry,  and  his  forefathers  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Virginia.  Soon  after  the  settlement 
of  Kentucky,  his  great-grandfather  settled  near 
Boone’s  Station,  and  in  the  year  1800  his  grandfather, 
Benjamin  Walden,  removed  to  Ohio  and  located  in  Hamil- 
ton county.  When  John  was  two  years  old  he  was  left 
motherless,  and  after  his  grandfather’s  death,  in  1841,  home- 
less ; for  although  his  father  married  again  when  the  boy 
was  thirteen,  it  did  not  prove  a happy  event  for  him,  and  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  years,  estranged  from  his  father,  and  an 
exile  from  his  father’s  house,  he  became  entirely  dependent 
upon  his  own  resources.  The  next  four  years  of  his  life 
were  crowded  with  varied  experiences,  growing  out  of  his 
efforts  to  live  “ from  hand  to  mouth.”  He  had  been  trained 
to  farm  work,  and  this  kind  of  labor  formed,  during  a por- 
tion of  the  time  mentioned,  his  means  of  support — not  his 
sole  means,  however.  He  varied  his  occupations  by 
peddling,  his  stock  at  first  being  notions,  then  pictures,  and 
then  books.  He  had  a taste  for  mechanics,  and  readily 
acquired  “ the  use  of  tools.”  After  working  for  a time  with 
an  ingenious  artisan,  the  handy-man  of  the  neighborhood 
to  make  and  repair  pumps,  harvesting  cradles,  etc.,  he  went 
to  Cincinnati  and  turned  his  hand  successively  to  casting 
type,  roofing  flat-boats,  plumbing,  putting  up  patent  medi- 
cines, working  in  a provision  store,  and  finally  to  carpenter- 
ing, which  he  selected  as  a trade.  His  apprenticeship  at 
this  was  sufficiently  long  for  him  to  acquire  a fair  measure 
of  skill,  and  then  he  returned  to  the  countiy  and  worked 
as  a journeyman,  obtaining  journeyman’s  wages,  although 
under  age.  The  day  he  was  eighteen  years  old  he  entered 
a store  as  a clerk,  calling  into  requisition  knowledge  he  had 
gained.  On  that  day  he  was  the  possessor  of  one  plain  suit 
of  clothes  and  a silver  half-dollar.  He  had  not  been  at 
school  for  seven  years,  and  for  the  same  length  of  time  he 
had  read  but  little  save  some  of  the  novels  which  had  at 
one  time  formed  his  stock  in  trade.  He  remained  in  the 
store  some  nine  months,  and  during  that  time  borrowed  and 
read  several  standard  works,  tried  his  hand  at  a little  literary 


work  and  failed  ; tried  again  and  measurably  succeeded. 
The  result  of  his  reading  and  writing  was  to  make  him 
more  ambitious  than  heretofore,  and  to  confirm  in  him  a 
purpose  to  secure  an  education.  To  this  purpose  he  deter- 
mined to  devote  the  earnings  of  his  clerkship,  and  in  the 
month  of  November,  1849,  he  entered  “ Farmer’s  College,” 
in  Ohio.  He  had  money  enough  to  carry  him  through  one 
session.  That  ended,  he  left  the  college  and  went  to  teach- 
ing common  school,  to  earn  the  means  with  which  to  help 
himself  forward  still  further  in  his  collegiate  course.  He 
continued  teaching  a year,  during  which  time  he  kept  even 
pace  with  his  class  in  all  the  studies.  At  the  end  of  the 
year,  in  the  spring  of  1851,  he  again  entered  the  college, 
and,  by  hard  study,  graduated  in  June,  1852.  Immedi- 
ately after  graduating  he  was  appointed  Tutor  in  the 
Preparatory  Department  of  his  Alma  Mater,  and  labored  in 
that  capacity  for  two  years,  receiving,  in  return,  more  than 
enough  to  pay  off  all  the  debts  he  had  contracted  during 
his  college  course,  and  have  a small  sum  (it  seemed  large) 
left.  All  this  time  he  had  been  nursing  the  purpose  of 
being  a journalist.  While  in  college  he  had  written  a good 
deal  for  newspapers,  and  to  some  extent  successfully.  In 
1854  he  resigned  his  position  in  Farmer's  College,  to  go 
into  newspaper  work  in  earnest.  He  revived  the  Inde- 
pendent Press,  a paper  that  had  been  published  at  Fairfield, 
Illinois,  and  pushed  it  with  energy  and  ability.  The  course 
of  the  paper,  however,  vvas  unjropular.  Its  editor  was  op- 
posed to  the  Kansas- Nebraska  policy  that  then  prevailed, 
and  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  temperance.  The  jrrinci- 
ples  he  supported  did  not  win  very  hearty  patronage  in 
“ I^gypb”  ^"tl  his  journalistic  enterprise  failed.  He  closed 
it  out  in  the  spring  of  1855.  In  May  of  the  same  year  he 
commenced  reporting  for  the  Cincinnati  Daily  Commercial, 
and  continued  his  connection  with  that  paper  as  reporter 
and  correspondent,  until  November,  1856.  During  the 
campaign  of  that  year  he  travelled  over  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
reporting  meetings  for  the  Commercial,  and  occasionally,  in 
both  those  States,  was  called  to  the  stump  in  support  of 
Fremont;  and  even  in  Kentucky  he  made  two  Fremont 
speeches.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  went  to  Kansas,  to 
devote  himself  more  fully  and  directly  to  the  promotion  of 
Free-State  principles,  and  in  April  of  that  year,  at  Quin- 
daro,  on  the  Missouri  river,  ten  miles  above  Kansas  City, 
he,  in  company  with  Edmund  Babb,  started  a paper  called 
the  Chindoiuan,  which  word  is  the  Wyandotte  for  “ Leader.” 
The  paper,  in  national  politics,  was  Republican,  and  in 
local  politics  was  an  ardent  advocate  of  the  radical  Free- 
State  doctrines.  It  was  ably  conducted,  and  exercised  no 
small  degree  of  influence.  Its  editor  was  soon  assigned  a 
place  in  the  Free-State  ranks,  and  was  earnestly  active  in 
every  way  in  the  promotion  of  the  principles  he  espoused, 
and  in  March,  1858,  he  was  elected  a delegate  to  the 
Leavenworth  Constitutional  Convention,  and  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Address  was  the  author  of  the 
“.Address  of  the  Convention  to  the  American  People.”  He 


436 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOICKDIA. 


was  already  a member  of  the  Topeka  Legislature,  and  in  i 
May,  1858,  was  elected  State  Superintendent  of  Public  In-  j 
struction,  under  the  Leavenworth  Constitution.  On  the 
1 2th  of  June  following,  his  connection  with  the  Chindoiuan 
ceased,  and  during  July  he  canvassed  the  territory,  under 
the  direction  of  the  State  Central  Committee,  in  opposition 
to  the  Lecompton  (pro-slavery)  Constitution.  The  defeat 
of  that  instrument  practically  settled  the  question  of  free-  | 
dom  in  Kansas,  and  he  felt  at  liberty  to  turn  his  efforts  in 
another  direction.  lie  had  been  active  and  earnest  in 
political  work,  but  it  was  because  political  work  was,  for 
the  time  being,  the  work  of  duty.  Now  he  turned  away 
from  promises  of  rapid  and  brilliant  political  promotion, 
and  went  back  to  Ohio.  There  he  made  application  to  the 
Cincinnati  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  in  September,  1858,  he  was  admitted  as  a minister  on  | 
trial,  and  appointed  to  North  Bend  Circuit.  After  two  j 
years  of  circuit  work  he  was  appointed  to  a charge  in  Cin- 
cinnati. Fur  four  years  he  did  pastoral  work  there.  While 
pastor  of  the  Ladies’  Home  Mission,  he  also  became  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  of  the  Western  P'reedmen’s  Aid  Society, 
to  which  he  was  exclusively  assigned  in  1864.  He  was  the 
chief  mover  in  the  organization  of  the  Ereedmen's  Aid 
Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1S66,  and 
was  its  first  Corresponding  Secretary.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  to  the  General  Conference,  and  was  the  youngest 
delegate  ever  chosen  by  the  Cincinnati  Conference.  In  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  Presiding  Elder  of  the  East 
Cincinnati  District,  and  in  May,  1868,  was  elected  by  the 
General  Conference  Assistant  Agent  of  the  Western  Meth- 
odist Book  Concern,  the  duties  of  which  position  he  per- 
formed in  the  earnest  and  indefatigable  way  by  which  he 
achieved  success  in  other  work.  So  satisfactory  was  his 
performance  of  his  duties  here  that  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
position  in  1872,  when  the  agents  were  made  co-equal; 
and  at  the  General  Conference  of  that  year  he  receiv'ed  the 
highest  number  of  votes  (160)  for  the  Episcopacy  of  any 
one  not  elected.  His  Conference  has  placed  him  at  the 
head  of  its  delegation  for  the  General  Conference  of  1876. 
He  took  a prominent  part  in  the  temperence  movement  in 
Ohio  in  1874.  P'or  the  p.ast  ten  years  he  has  been  promi- 
nently active  in  the  Sunday-school  work  in  Cincinnati  and 
southwestern  Ohio ; and  for  more  than  fifteen  years  he  has 
been  closely  identified  with  the  moral  and  religious  history 
of  Cincinnati.  During  the  years  of  his  residence  there,  he 
has  been  honorably  prominent  in  the  work  of  education. 
I le  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  the  city, 
and  as  Chairman  of  the  Library  Committee  he  was  promi- 
nent in  securing  to  the  Free  Public  Idbrary  the  legal  pro- 
visions through  which  it  now  receives  annually  517,000, 
to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  books.  Although  he  has 
had  a prominent  part  in  the  stirring  events  of  the  last  twenty 
years,  and  holds  positions  of  honor  and  responsibility,  which 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  has  usually  only  intrusted 
to  men  of  ripe  years,  he  is  not  yet  forty-five,  with  physical 


powers  unimpaired,  and  capable  of  an  amount  of  labor  that 
few  can  endure.  To  sum  up  his  character  and  career,  it 
may  be  said  that  he  is  a representative  example  of  the 
energy  and  success  of  the  best  class  of  Western  men. 


I 


I 


ORTON,  HENRY  VICTOR,  Grand  Scribe  of  the 
Sons  of  Temperance  of  Ohio,  was  born,  August 
22d,  1804,  in  Union  Village,  Washington  county. 
New  York,  and  is  a lineal  descendant  of  Barna- 
bus  Horton,  who  was  born  in  Mourley,  Leicester- 
shire, England,  in  1591,  and  died  at  Southamp- 
ton, Long  Island,  July  13th,  1686.  Of  the  second 

generation  there  is  no  account,  but  of  the  third  generation 
It  is  recorded  that  lonathan  Horton,  grandson  of  Barnabus, 
was  born  December  ist,  16S3,  and  married  Mary  Tuthill, 
who  was  born  Ajiril  3d,  1683.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eight  children.  In  the  fourth  generation  Jonathan  Horton 
was  born  April  24th,  1713,  and  married  Eunice  Forster, 
who  was  born  December  23d,  1721.  They  were  the 
parents  of  seven  children.  In  the  fifth  generation  Jonathan 
Horton  was  born  May  5th,  1745,  was  married  I''ebruary 
29th,  1768,  at  eleven  o’clock  p.  M.,  and  died  May  241!), 
1777.  His  wife,  Elizabeth  King,  was  born  July,  1749, 
and  died  October  5th,  1823.  Their  children  consisted  of 
four  girls  and  one  boy,  Jonathan  K.  In  the  sixth  genera- 
tion Jonathan  K.  Horton  was  born  June  nth,  1777,  and 
married  Elizabeth  Tice,  November  13th,  1803;  three  boys 
and  one  girl  were  born  of  this  union,  viz.  : Henry  Victor, 
George,  Eliza,  and  Lewis.  In  the  seventh  generation 
Henry  Victor  Horton  was  born  August  22d,  1804,  married 
in  Oswego,  New  York,  December  25th,  1829,  and  died 
January  3d,  1871.  His  wife,  Sojihia  Matilda  Dougherty, 
was  born,  March  7th,  1812,  in  Manlius,  New  York.  Of 
the  children  born  of  this  union,  eight  are  now  living,  as 
follows : Lewis  V.,  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  September 
llth,  1834.  Elizabeth  T.,  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Feb- 
ruary 10th,  1836.  Alonzo  C.,  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
January  1st,  1S38.  Angeline  G.,  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
September  14th,  1841.  Harry  K.,  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
November  loth,  1842.  Thomas  C.,  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  August  3d,  1848.  Maria  J.,  born  in  L’nion  Village, 
New  York,  August  3d,  1850.  Samuel  C.,  born  in  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  April  30th,  1855.  Jonathan  K.  Horton,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a man  of  respecta- 
ble attainments.  During  sever, al  years  he  was  a representa- 
tive in  the  New  York  Legislature,  and  to  the  close  of  his 
life  enjoyed  the  fullest  confidence  and  respect  of  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  resided.  The  mother,  Elizabeth  Tice, 
was  a daughter  of  Katrum  Van  Tassel,  made  illustiious  in 
Washington  Irving’s  legend  of  “ The  Sleepy  Hollow.”  Sl.e 
was  a woman  of  sterling  character,  and  from  her  Duteh 
(ancestors  inherited  principles  of  industry,  thrift,  persever- 
ance, piety,  and  uprightness,  which  she  so  strongly  stamped 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCL0P.L;DIA. 


437 


upon  the  impressible  mind  of  her  eldest  son,  Henry  Victor, 
that  they  became  prominent  and  permanent  traits  of  his 
character.  He  was  ever  noted  for  his  honesty  and  inflexi- 
ble will.  Notwithstanding  his  stern  and  severe  judgment, 
concerning  himself  as  well  as  others,  at  the  slightest  vari- 
ance from  a rectitude  whose  standard  would  admit  of  no 
deviation,  he  had  a heart  full  of  kindness,  and  gathered 
friends  around  him  wherever  he  went.  After  his  marriage 
he  removed,  in  November,  1S34,  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where 
the  largest  part  of  his  life  was  spent.  About  this  time  the 
Washingtonians  were  storming  the  strongholds  of  Bacchus, 
tearing  his  victims  from  the  chuches  of  death,  and  return- 
ing them  to  their  homes  and  families,  washed,  clothed,  and 
in  their  right  minds.  Mr.  Horton  at  once  united  with  that 
band  of  temperance  reformers,  and  did  not  cease  to  work  so 
long  as  he  lived,  for  the  despised  and  degraded  drunkard. 
Possessed  of  an  ardent  temperament  he  threw  his  whole 
soul  into  the  labor  of  reclaiming  the  fallen.  With  him  it 
was  a work  of  love,  and  his  zeal  was  unbounded.  Though 
others  failed  he  never  grew  weary,  and  often  said,  “ This 
cause  is  a righteous  one,  the  handmaid  of  religion;”  and 
he  carried  that  standard  while  his  right  hand  gave  him 
strength.  He  made  it  a duty  to  look  up  the  poor  slaves  to 
intoxicating  drinks,  and  to  endeavor  to  place  them  on  their 
feet  again.  The  church  at  this  time  had  not  seen  the  im- 
portance of  this  great  reform  ; and  a minister  rebuked  him 
upon  a certain  occasion,  for  going  out  on  the  Sabbath  day 
to  visit  drunkards,  instead  of  devoting  it  to  worship  in  the 
house  of  God.  He  replied,  “ My  good  brother,  I go  to 
clothe  them  in  their  right  mind,  that  they  m.iy  receive  the 
words  of  your  preaching.”  To  save  the  drunkard  and 
overthrow  the  rumseller  was  his  great  idea : he  was  full  of 
sympathy  for  the  former,  but  on  meeting  the  latter  could 
not  restrain  his  scorn  and  indignation,  and  would  not  listen 
to  an  apology  for  the  dealer  in  the  “accursed  stuff.”  He 
regarded  the  rumseller  as  a crimin.al  against  the  laws  of 
God  and  man,  and  ranked  him  with  the  thief  and  assassin. 
There  are  thousands  to-day  in  all  parts  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
who  are  ready  to  bear  testimony  of  the  tenderne.ss  and  love 
he  ever  cherished  for  the  deluded  victim  of  drink;  but  no 
person  ever  found  him  merciful  toward  the  man  who  dealt 
out  the  poison  behind  the  screen  ; such  an  one  was  to  him 
a polluter  of  .society,  a blot  upon  our  civilization.  He 
never  spared  his  time  or  money  in  saving  a brother  man 
from  that  lowest  depth  of  degradation — a drunkard’s  grave. 
When  the  Order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  was  first 
organized  in  New  York  city,  Mr.  Horton  at  once  made 
arrangements  to  have  the  order  transplanted  to  Ohio;  and 
after  securing  the  required  number  of  applicants,  succeeded 
in  obtaining  tha  charter  of  Ohio  Division,  No.  i,  which 
bears  date  of  August  ist,  1844.  By  his  untiring  energy, 
a.ssisted  by  many  noble  men,  the  Grand  Division  of  Ohio 
was,  on  the  12th  day  of  May,  1845,  instituted,  and  he  was 
elected  Grand  Conductor.  On  the  nth  of  October  of  that 
year  the  first  session  was  held,  and  Mr.  Horton  was  elected 


Grand  Scribe,  which  position  he  occupied  for  nearly  seven- 
teen years.  The  following  extracts  are  from  the  report  of 
his  death,  prepared  by  the  efficient  and  life-long  temperance 
reformer,  Evan  J.  Morris,  the  present  Grand  Scribe  of 
Ohio:  “ When  I removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1S67,  and  called 
upon  him  first,  it  was  a pleasant  meeting,  for,  some  time 
before  I saw  him  personally,  I had  learned  to  respect  and 
love  him.  We  continued  devoted  friends  until  his  death. 
I know  of  no  person,  in  the  whole  list  of  our  membership, 
for  whom  I had  a higher  regard.  For  many  years  Brother 
Horton  occupied  a seat  in  the  National  Division,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  by  the  entire  membership.  He  was  looked 
upon  as  the  head  and  life  of  the  whole  order  in  Ohio;  and 
for  many  years  w.as  counselled  by  all  in  prosperity  and  ad- 
versity. When  difficulties  arose  in  divisions,  a letter  from 
Brother  Horton  was  considered  sufficient  to  settle  all  dis- 
putes. During  the  last  year  of  Brother  Horton’s  life,  his 
; sufferings  were  very  great,  so  much  so  that  he  was  not  able 
to  attend  to  the  duties  of  his  office  with  that  promptitude 
j which  had  hitherto  characterized  his  business  life.  He 
was,  however,  always  found  at  his  post  when  he  was  able 
to  walk.  His  strong  will,  energy,  high  sense  of  responsi- 
bility, and  devotion  to  tbe  order,  would  not  allow  him  to 
be  idle.  Those  who  were  present  at  the  annual  session  of 
the  Grand  Division  of  Ohio,  in  1870,  will  never  forget  the 
feeble  condition  of  our  departed  brother.  Though  weak 
and  emaciated,  he  appeared  before  that  grand  body  and 
presented  the  business  of  the  session  in  an  able  manner.  His 
! voice  was  weak  but  firm,  and  his  conduct  commanded  the 
i attention,  sympathy  and  respect  of  his  fellow  members,  who 
^ felt  that  it  would  be  the  last  time  he  would  meet  them  in 
j annual  convocation.  Later,  the  Executive  Committee  often 
I gathered  around  his  bed  to  receive  words  of  direction  and 
advice.  We  could  scarcely  think  him  a dying  man,  he  was 
so  cheerful,  so  full  of  hope  and  energy.  His  attachment 
to  the  great  cause  of  his  life  was  so  great,  that  almost  his 
last  words  were  ‘ The  Order,’  ‘ The  Sons  of  Temperance.’ 
Before  he  died  he  said  to  me  (E.  J.  Morris),  ‘ I have  lived 
to  a good  old  age;  I have  been  called  for  a purpose ; my 
days  are  numbered;  I know  that  my  Redeemer  liveth.’ 
The  look  he  gave  me  into  his  heart,  the  frank  expressions 
of  his  deep  convictions,  so  firm,  but  earnestly  spoken,  rested 
like  a beacon  star  upon  my  sorrowing  heart.  A few  days 
before  his  death,  his  wife  requested  him  to  dismiss  all  cares 
and  anxieties  from  his  mind,  but  it  was  impossible,  and  iqr 
to  his  last  hour  he  was  actively  interested  in  the  great  re- 
form so  dear  to  his  heart.”  He  died  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
January  3d,  1871.  His  funeral  was  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  impressive  ever  attended  by  the  .Sons  of  Temperance. 
The  services  were  held  in  tbe  Fifth  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  he  was  a member.  The  members  of  the  Grand  and 
subordinate  Divisions,  in  full  regalia,  were  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Grand  Marshal,  E.  J.  Morris,  and  escorted  the 
remains  to  the  church,  and  thence  to  Spring  Grove  Ceme- 
tery. At  the  grave  the  ceremonies  in  behalf  of  the  order 


433 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


were  conducted  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Forbus.  After  which  Gen- 
eral Samuel  F.  Cary  delivered  a brief  and  eloquent  eulogy 
upon  the  character  of  the  deceased.  Day  after  day  for 
nearly  forty  years  had  he  carried  within  his  breast  a heart 
full  of  the  tenderest  pity  for  the  fallen  drunkard,  and  an  in- 
llexible  hostility  to  the  traffic  in  all  kinds  of  intoxicating 
drinks.  Now  it  had  ceased  to  beat;  and  as  we  laid  him  to 
rest  we  felt  that  we  consigned  to  the  grave  a warrior  who 
had  fought  a good  fight.  The  Grand  Division  of  Ohio 
adopted,  April  29th,  1S75,  a resolution,  an  extract  of  which 
is:  “For  the  erection  of  a suitable  order  monument  in 
Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  Hamilton  counly,  Ohio,  to  the 
memory  of  our  late  Grand  Scribe,  H.  V.  Horton,  in  token 
of  our  respect  for  him  as  a man  and  Son  of  Temperance, 
and  our  appreciation  of  the  services  which  he  rendered  this 
Grand  Division  as  Grand  Scribe,  during  a period  of  some 
seventeen  consecutive  years.” 


ROS.SIUS,  JOHN,  Inventor,  Patentee,  and  Manu- 
facturer of  the  School-house  Ventilating  Stoves, 
Hot  Air  Furnaces,  and  Stove  Dealer,  was  born  in 
Speyer,  Rheinpfalz,  Germany,  in  1833.  After 
passing  eight  years  at  school,  according  to  the 
laws  of  that  country,  and  acquiring  a fair  educa- 
tion, he  went  into  his  father’s  shop,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a tinner  and  stove  manufacturer.  Like  many  of 
the  youth  of  his  country,  he  had  determined  to  make  the 
United  States  his  home,  and  having  become  a thorough 
master  of  his  trade,  he  left  home  and  landed  at  New  York 
when  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  in  the  following  year 
(1S51)  arrived  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  ever  since  re- 
sided. P’or  four  years  he  worked  as  a journeyman  at  his 
trade;  but  following  the  true  German  type  of  thrift,  and 
having  laid  by  a few  hundred  dollars  during  these  four 
years,  he  started  in  business  for  himself  in  1855.  With 
some  changes  in  location,  demanded  by  the  exigencies  of 
his  trade,  he  has  steadily  moved  onward,  his  business  rap- 
idly increasing  every  year.  His  success  had  been  so  great, 
and  the  demand  upon  his  resources  so  pressing,  that  in  1871 
he  w.as  obliged  to  erect  his  present  large  establishment  on 
Miin  street  opposite  the  Court  House.  Departing  some- 
what from  the  ordinary  routine  of  the  tin  and  stove  trade, 
he  has  for  many  years  made  a specialty  of  warm  air  fur- 
naces and  itchool-house  ventilating  stoves,  and  on  these  he 
has  received  several  letters  patent  from  the  United  States 
government.  These  improvements  combine  those  essentials 
that  are  mostly  requisite  for  both  heating  and  ventilating 
houses  of  assembly,  and  thus  securing  and  maintaining  the 
best  possibie  condition  of  health  of  mind  and  body.  After 
having  tested  these  thoroughly  for  ten  years  in  the  public 
schools,  the  Board  of  Education  in  Cincinnati  has  recently, 
in  a most  flattering  manner,  pronounced  these  furnaces  and 
stove^  tc  be  the  best  now  in  use  for  the  purposes  for  which 


they  are  designed.  He  has  also  received  from  various 
parts  of  the  United  States  numerous  emphatic  indorsements 
of  the  value  of  these  heating  appliances.  In  all  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati Industrial  Expositions  his  wares  in  this  line  have 
j taken  the  tirst  premium ; and  at  the  great  Vienna  Exhibi- 
tion of  1873,  "'here  lis  laudable  enterprise  had  led  him  to 
make  a fine  display  at  a great  outlay,  he  was  awarded  the 
gold  medal.  From  the  smallest  of  beginnings  twenty  years 
ago,  he  has  risen  to  be  one  of  the  most  successful  and  sub- 
stantial tradesmen  and  manufacturers  of  the  kind  in  the 
country.  His  reputation  and  success  are  certainly  the  result 
of  hard  labor,  careful  study,  long-continued  experiment, 
and  straightforward  dealing.  In  this  latter  connection  it 
may  be  remarked  that  throughout  his  entire  career  in  busi- 
ness he  has  never  given  his  note  or  purchased  more  mater- 
ial than  he  could  pay  for  on  demand ; nor  has  he  ever 
appeared  in  court  as  defendant  in  any  suit.  He  is  one  of 
those  men  who  take  time  during  their  business  successes  to 
devote  themselves  largely  to  the  public  and  social  affairs  of  the 
community.  He  is  President  of  the  Workhouse  Board  of 
Directors  ; is  a member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  of  a 
very  large  number  of  the  social  and  business  organizations 
of  the  city.  He  has  been  concerned  in  all  the  expositions 
held  in  the  city,  and  has  been  prominent  in  most  of  the 
enterprises  which  have  been  instrumental  in  promoting  the 
welfare  and  prosperity  of  Cincinnati.  During  the  late  civil 
war  he  served  for  a few  months  in  the  field,  in  the  6th  Cin- 
cinnati Volunteer  Militia,  and  in  various  ways  displayed  liis 
attachment  to  his  adopted  country.  Some  w hile  after  his 
successful  business  life  commenced  his  father  joined  him 
with  the  rest  of  the  family,  and  was  connected  with  him  in 
business.  During  his  absence  at  the  Vienna  Exposition  of 
1873,  'lis  father  died.  Personally  Mr.  Grossius  is  a man  of 
fine  appearance,  in  the  very  prime  of  life,  and  is  certainly 
one  of  Cincinnati’s  most  noteworthy  and  successful  self- 
made  men.  He  was  married  in  1856  to  Paulina  Keschner, 
formerly  of  Prussia. 


*'OMLEY,  JAMES  M.,  Journalist  and  Postmaster 
of  Columbus,  son  of  Bezaleel  and  Margaret 
(Stewart)  Comley,  was  born  in  Perry  county, 
Ohio,  March  6th,  1832.  His  parents  were  Penn- 
sylvanians— his  father  of  Englisli,  his  mother  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent — and  came  to  Ohio  in  1804. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Columbus,  and 
studied  law' with  Attorney-General  Wolcutt.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1859,  and  practised  law  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war.  He  entered  the  United  States 
service  in  June,  1861,  and  on  the  12th  of  August  W'as  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  43d  Ohio  Infantry. 
After  some  time  spent  at  Camp  Chase,  he  gave  up  the 
Lieutenant-Colonelcy  of  the  43d  for  the  appointment  of 
Major  of  the  23d  Ohio  Infantry,  then  in  the  field,  for  the 
sake  of  getting  more  speedily  into  active  service.  He  was 


Gaimj  m b 


.1 

'■'N 


. 7'*' 

, -.J 


’:<i 


4 


. * H 


.y  !•. 


1"  ••* 


T 


«' 


/ 


It-!' 


■^j'l 


rs' 


■W1 


* %» 


. ^ 


" S'  f** 


‘ a# 


i*' 


‘ a; 


»■ 


.::ri 


Ir 


•>>/- 


■|  .,  ■* 


>1 


15I0GRAFIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


439 


mustered  as  Major  on  the  31st  of  October,  1861,  and  com- 
manded the  regiment  in  every  action  in  which  it  was  sub- 
sequently engaged,  except  for  a short  time  in  the  morning 
at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain.  He  was  eventually  made 
Colonel  of  the  regiment  and  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  to 
date  from  March  13th,  1865 — the  latter  position  having 
been  earned  by  gallant  and  faithful  service  in  the  field. 
Ills  history  in  the  field  may  best  be  read  in  the  history  of 
the  regiment  he  commanded  so  long  and  led  to  so  much 
honor.  General  Comley,  after  the  war,  became  editor  and 
part  ow'ner  of  the  Ohio  State  yournal,  in  which  position 
he  has  displayed  mai'iced  ability  as  a writer  and  politician, 
making  that  paper  one  of  the  most  able  and  popular  journals 
in  the  State.  During  the  war  he  married  Elizabeth  Marion 
Smith,  daughter  of  Surgeon  General  Smith,  of  Columbus. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Columbus  by  General 
Grant  in  1870,  and  reappointed  in  1874.  He  still  holds  the 
position 


’EIDELBACH,  PHILIP,  Merchant  and  Banker  of 
Cincinnati,  was  born  at  Pfarrweisach,  Bavaria, 
June  2?th,  1814.  He  is  the  son  of  David  and 
Heffe  Heidelbach.  His  parents  were  unable  to 
give  him  a school  education,  and  he  was  early 
inured  to  a life  of  toil.  At  thirteen  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  a butcher  for  two  years,  then  worked  as  a 
journeyman  until  he  came  of  age,  in  1835.  During  this 
time  he  had,  besides  assisting  in  the  support  of  his  parents, 
saved  enough  to  purchase  a passage  ticket  to  New  York, 
where  he  landed  in  1836.  He  was  now  without  money  or 
friends;  but  finding  a person  who  was  willing  to  vouch  for 
his  honesty,  he  bought  eight  dollars’  worth  of  goods  on 
credit,  and  commenced  peddling  on  the  street.  He  was, 
of  course,  totally  ignorant  of  the  English  language  and  the 
customs  of  the  country,  but  in  three  months  he  had  dis- 
charged his  indebtedness  and  had  a capital  of  $150.  One- 
third  of  this  he  sent  to  his  parents,  and  invested  the  rest  in  a 
stock  of  goods,  with  which  he  started  to  what  he  thought  a 
more  profitable  field  in  the  West.  He  made  this  trip  on 
foot,  candying  his  goods  on  his  back,  staying  of  nights  at 
farm-houses,  where  his  fare  for  .supper,  bed,  and  breakfast 
was  pretty  generally  “a  quarter,”  and  finally,  in  the  spring 
of  1837,  arrived  in  Cincinnati,  having  had  a very  prosper- 
ous business  season.  He  now  engaged  wdth  great  energy 
in  his  wandering  business  over  parts  of  Ohio  and  Indiana 
adjacent  to  Cincinnati,  and  by  the  following  autumn  had 
accumulated  a capital  of  nearly  $2000.  He  then  met 
Jacob  Seasongood,  who  was  engaged  in  the  same  business, 
and  they  united  their  capitals  under  the  name  of  Heidel- 
bach & Seasongood,  and  pushed  forward  with  great  energy, 
until  their  accumulations  became  so  large  that  in  March, 
1840,  they  abandoned  peddling  and  established  their  cloth- 
ing house  in  Cincinnati.  Their  business  grew  beyond  their 
expectation,  and  in  1842  they  were  compelled  to  open  an- 


other house  on  Main  and  Pearl  streets,  where  they  carried 
on  a jobbing  and  retail  dry-goods  trade.  Max  and  Simon, 
his  brothers,  now  arrived  from  Germany,  and  were  admitted 
as  partners  m the  Rouse,  under  the  firm-name  of  Heidel- 
bach, Seasongood  & Co.  In  1849  Simon  died  of  cholera. 
They  soon  removed  their  Main  street  house  to  18  Pearl 
street,  and  built  a wholesale  clothing  establishment  and 
warehouse  on  Front  street.  They  afterw’ards  united  their 
two  houses  in  one  at  Third  and  Main  streets,  where  they 
remained  with  their  usual  success  until  in  1S60,  w hen  they 
took  possession  of  the  elegant  block  of  buildings  which  they 
had  erected  on  Third  and  Vine  streets.  In  1862  he  be- 
came associated  in  the  banking  house  of  Espy,  Heidelbach 
& Co.,  in  wdiich  he  still  continues,  and  which  is  knowm  as 
one  of  the  leading  private  banking  firms  of  the  West. 
After  a rarely  successful  and  harmonious  partnership  ex- 
tending over  thirty  years,  the  firm  of  Heidelbach,  Season- 
good  & Co.  was  dissolved  by  mutual  consent,  Mr.  Heidel- 
bach retiring.  His  life  presents  one  of  the  exceptional 
instances  of  thrift  and  money-getting.  He  is  now  one  of 
the  wealthiest  men  of  Cincinnati.  He  has,  moreover, 
acquired  a good  education,  and  a reputation  for  business 
shrew'dness,  integrity,  and  strong  practical  common  sense  of 
which  he  may  well  be  proud.  He  is  not  behind  other 
wealthy  men  in  a liberal  display  of  public  spirit  and  benev- 
olence, and  wdll  ahvays  stand  prominent  as  one  of  the 
notew'orthy  self-made  men-  of  the  century.  January  rst, 
1840,  he  w'as  married  to  Hannah  Sweser,  whose  acquain- 
tance he  had  enjoyed  in  Germany.  They  had  six  children. 
Two  died  in  infancy;  Henrietta  is  now  the  wife  of  Louis 
Rindskopf,  of  New' York;  Louis  is  in  the  bank  with  his 
father;  Jennie  was  the  W'ife  of  Isaac  Ickleheimer,  of  New' 
York;  and  Ida  was  recently  married  at  their  residence  on 
Fourth  street. 

\OOMIS,  BENNET  J.,  Lawyer  and  Journalist,  son 
Jonathan  and  Cynthia  (Spencer)  Loomis,  was 
S born  on  June  8th,  1831,  in  Jefferson,  Ashtabula 
county,  Ohio.  He  received  a good  public  school 
education,  and  commenced  p)reparatory  studies 
for  college  in  Kingsville  Academy,  and  afterward 
in  Grand  River  Institute,  Austinhurg.  His  health  failing 
here,  his  studies  were  discontinued  and  never  resumed.  So 
well  had  he  improved  his  advantages  that  when  but  a boy 
of  seventeen  he  took  charge  of  a district  school,  filling  the 
position  w'ith  entire  satisfaction  to  the  people.  He  cast  his 
first  vote  in  1852  for  Franklin  Pierce,  and  in  1853  he  estab- 
lished a Democratic  journal  in  his  native  town,  but  was  in- 
duced by  the  liberality  of  the  citizens  of  Geneva  to  remove 
his  office  to  their  village  during  the  following  fall.  He 
came  into  public  life  during  the  political  storm  that  sweprt 
over  the  country,  occasioned  by  the  passage  of  the  Kansas- 
Nebra.ska  bill  by  Congress  in  1854.  Having  from  strong 
convictions  of  duty  opposed  the  act,  and  his  course  not 


440 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


meeting  with  the  approbation  of  either  ot  the  parties  or  that 
' day,  he  sold  his  press,  and  in  1855  removed  to  Cleveland. 
He  acted  as  City  Editor  of  the  Leader  tor  nearly  a year, 
and  subsequently  for  a short  time  occupied  a similar  posi- 
tion on  the  Plaindealer.  He  was  elected  Enrolling  Clerk 
of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives  in  1S5S.  Having 
read  law  under  the  tutorship  of  Hons.  D.  K.  Cartter  and  J. 
J.  Elwell,  of  Cleveland,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859,  and  followed  the  profession  in  Cleveland  until  1863, 
during  which  time  (January,  1862,)  he  was  chosen  Journal 
Clerk  of  the  Senate.  In  1864-65  he  occupied  the  same 
position  in  the  House.  In  1866,  and  again  in  1872,  he  was 
chosen  to  the  Chief  Clerkship  of  the  House.  He  married, 
October  lyih,  1854,  Julia  E.  Slater,  of  Geneva,  Ohio,  and 
she  dying  in  November,  1868,  he  married,  in  1873,  Hallie 
C.  Yoeman  (Graham)  of  Chicago.  The  IVyaadotte  Demo- 
crat, edited  by  Hon.  L.  A.  Brunner,  thus  spoke  of  his 
public  services : “ Mr.  Loomis  was  an  efficient  public 
officer,  as  is  indicated  by  the  frequency  with  which  he  re- 
ceived the  party’s  indorsement  for  the  different  clerkships 
in  the  Senate  and  House.  The  readiness  and  facility  with 
which  he  despatched  business,  his  extraordinary  industry 
and  fidelity,  and  the  untiring  vigilance  with  which  he 
watched  over  the  details  of  the  department  over  which  he 
had  supervision,  was  without  doubt  the  reason  he  was  so 
often  called  to  such  responsible  positions  in  the  Legisla- 
ture.” When  the  Chronicle  was  established  in  Cincinnati, 
in  March,  1868,  he  was  connected  with  it  as  one  of  its 
editors,  and  afterwards  for  some  months,  in  the  year  1869, 
held  the  position  of  Washington  Correspondent  for  that 
paper  and  the  Cleveland  Herald  and  Chicago  Post.  With 
only  an  interval  of  about  sixteen  months,  above  indicated, 
he  has  been  the  Columbus  Correspondent  on  the  staff  of  the 
Cincinnati  Commercial  since  1865,  and  has  served  in  like 
capacity  for  the  Cleveland  Herald  since  January,  1863. 
Mr.  Loomis  is  an  industrious,  active,  energetic  man,  and 
from  long  acquaintance  with  public  men,  and  a knowledge 
of  the  political  measures  that  have  agitated  the  public  for 
the  last  twenty  years,  is  entirely  competent  to  discharge  the 
intricate  and  laborious  duties  of  Correspondent  for  two  of 
the  leading  journals  in  the  State.  In  politics  he  is  a Re- 
publican of  the  strictest  sort.  He  is  a resident  of  Colum- 
bus, a man  of  family,  and  a gentleman  of  standing  and 
integrity.  Also  a prominent  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church. 


i' 


c 

C 

CD 


ILIENTHAL,  REV.  DR.  MAX,  R.abbi,  was  born 
in  1S15  in  Municli,  the  capital  of  Bavaria,  and 
was  from  boyhood  educated  for  the  Jewish  min- 
istry.  After  completing  a course  in  the  high 
schools,  he  entered  the  university  of  that  city 
passed  with  eminence  the  examinations  of  the 
philosophical  and  theological  faculties,  and  graduated  in 


1837  as  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  Having  contributed  several 
scientific  articles  to  the  Jewish  periodicals  of  that  time,  he 
received  in  1839  a call  as  Director  of  the  Hebrew  School 
to  be  opened  in  Riga,  Russia.  The  Russian  Embassy  of 
Munich  recommended  him  highly  to  the  Secretaries  of  the 
Interioi  and  o<  Public  Instruction  in  St.  Petersburg,  and  he 
was  received  by  them  in  the  most  encour.aging  manner. 
For  his  inaugural  address  at  the  opening  of  the  new  school 
he  was  rewarded  by  the  Emperor  Nicholas  with  a costly 
diamond  ring.  The  schooi  under  his  direction  made  such 
rapid  progress  that  the  imperial  government  ordered  him  to 
travel  through  the  seventeen  western  provinces  of  the 
empire,  to  encourage  his  co-religionists  in  opening  schools, 
and  to  prepare  them  for  the  plans  inaugurated  by  the  gov- 
ernment for  their  better  secular  instruction.  He  performed 
this  arduous  and  important  mission  in  1842,  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  and  was 
summoned  to  St.  Petersburg  as  Councillor  in  this  depart- 
ment. There  he  stayed  until  1845,  preparing  the  plans  for 
primary,  intermediate,  and  Hebrew  high  schools,  and  would 
have  remained  in  the  Russian  service  if  Nicholas  had  not 
issued  some  orders  tending  to  the  conversion  of  the  Jews  to 
the  Greek-Russian  Church.  To  such  an  undertaking  he 
would  not  lend  a helping  hand,  as  he  is  an  uncompromising 
advocate  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  He  at  once  resigned 
his  office,  left  the  empir^,  and  sailed  with  his  wife  for 
America.  He  arrived  in  New  York,  and  was  immediately 
elected  Rabbi  of  three  congregations — an  office  which  he 
resigned  for  the  jiurpose  of  opening  a Jewish  boarding- 
school.  He  continued  at  this  with  great  success  until  the 
health  of  his  wife  failed,  and  he  accepted,  in  1855,  a unani- 
mous call  as  Rabbi  of  one  of  the  flourishing  congregations 
of  Cincinnati,  a position  which  he  now  occupies.  Soon 
after  his  arrival  in  that  city  he  was  elected  a member  of  the 
Public  Board  of  Education.  He  held  that  office  for  four- 
teen years ; introduced  in  the  public  schools  instruction  in 
object  lessons,  published  a manual  for  that  purpose,  and  in- 
troduced other  important  improvements  both  in  the  inter- 
mediate and  high  schools.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
Director  of  the  Board  of  the  Citicinnati  University,  in  whose 
future  success  he  takes  the  liveliest  interest.  He  has  been 
Director  of  the  City  Relief  Union  since  1861.  He  is 
widely  known  as  an  orator  atid  lecturer,  and  as  such  is 
highly  appreciated.  Since  1874  he  assumed  the  editorship 
of  the  Hebrew  Sabbath- School  Visitor,  the  only  organ  of  this 
kind  in  this  country.  He  is  at  present  eng.aged  in  prepar- 
ing for  publication  several  volumes  on  Jewish  theology, 
besides  sermons,  poems,  and  lessons  on  morals  for  the 
public  schools.  Though  a classical  scholar.  Rabbi  Lilien- 
thal  sides  with  those  who  advocate  the  scientific  courses  of 
itistruction.  Progress,  liberty,  the  common  Fatherhood  of 
God,  and  the  common  brotherhood  of  men  are  the  leading 
principles  of  his  life  and  his  writings.  Though  advanced 
in  years,  he  is  of  vigorous  health  and  constitution,  and  much 
good  m.ay  yet  be  expected  of  this  liberal  theologian. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOILLDIA. 


441 


°^^VrAKE,  DANIEL,  Physician,  Professor,  and 
Author,  was  born  at  Plainfield,  Essex  county. 
New  Jersey,  October  20th,  1785.  Three  years 
later  Ohio  was  settled,  and  his  parents  at  this 
time  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  settling  at  Mayslick. 
Until  the  age  of  fifteen  he  underwent  the  rudest 
experiences  of  backwoods  life.  At  this  period  he  moved  to 
Cincinnati  and  became  a medical  student  under  Ur.  Wil- 
liam Goforth,  who  was  the  first  to  introduce  vaccination  in 
the  West.  Here  his  good  iiianners  and  easy  address  ad- 
mitted him  into  the  best  society,  but  he  never  allowed  the 
conviviality  of  the  times  to  interfere  with  the  ambition  of 
his  life.  He  was  the  first  student  of  medicine  in  Cincin- 
nati. In  1804  he  became  a partner  in  the  business  of  his 
preceptor,  which  was  that  of  apothecary  as  well  as  physi- 
cian. But  the  business  was  not  successful  from  a pecuniary 
view,  and  after  experiencing  many  hardships,  in  1805  the 
pupil  moved  to  Philadelphia  to  attend  a course  of  lectures 
in  the  leading  university  there.  He  had  just  sufficient 
means  to  gain  admission,  being  left  with  a single  cent  after 
paying  his  expenses.  In  the  spring  of  1806  he  returned  to 
Cincinnati,  and  a year  later  he  succeeded  to  the  business 
of  his  old  preceptor,  who  had  gone  to  Louisiana.  He  at 
once  entered  upon  successful  practice,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  1807  was  married  to  Harriet  Sisson,  niece  of  Colonel 
Jared  Mansfield,  then  Surveyor-General  of  the  United  .States 
for  the  Northwest  Territory.  This  union  lasted  eighteen 
years,  and  was  an  eminently  happy  one.  At  this  time  he 
began  those  researches  which  made  him  a writer  and  a 
savant.  With  an  ardent  enthusiasm  he  entered  into  the 
investigation  of  the  trace  of  an  ancient  civilization  in  the 
Ohio  valley.  His  researches  into  the  botany  of  the  Miami 
valley  were  also  very  valuable.  In  1810  he  published  a 
pamphlet  entitled  “ Notices  of  Cincinnati  ; its  Topography, 
Climate,  and  Diseases.”  The  success  of  this  work,  though 
but  a small  edition  was  issued,  led  to  his  more  elaborate 
and  complete  “ Picture  of  Cincinnati  and  the  Miami 
Country,”  in  1815.  This  work  is  now  very  rare  and  highly 
valued.  In  1814  he  associated  his  brother  Benjamin  with 
him  as  a partner,  and  added  the  business  of  grocer  to  that 
of  druggist.  He  was  also  much  interested  in  the  Lancaster 


.Seminary,  which  was  the  original  foundation  of  the  Cincin- 
n.ati  College.  After  his  “ Picture  of  Cincinnati  ” was 
published  he  again  visited  Philadelphia  to  attend  a course 
of  lectures,  accompanied  by  his  wife.  In  May,  1816,  he 
returned  to  his  home,  being  the  first  resident  of  Cincinnati 
to  receive  a diploma  from  the  East.  He  now  increased  his 
business,  his  father  becoming  a member  of  the  firm.  In 
1817  he  accepted  a professorship  in  the  medical  college  at 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  .soon  after  entered  upon  his 
long  and  distinguished  career  as  a public  teacher  of  medi- 
cine. In  1818  he  devised  the  plan  of  the  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege, the  Medical  College,  and  the  Commercial  Hospital. 
The  Medical  College  of  Ohio  became  an  established  fact 
in  1820.  In  the  next  two  years  he  met  with  reverses  in 


business,  and  his  affairs  had  to  be  wound  up.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1823  he  was  appointed  to  a professorship  in  the 
Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington.  In  the  winter  of 
1823-24  he  wrote  a series  of  political  articles  for  the  Cin- 
cinnati Gazette,  warmly  advocating  the  nomination  of 
Henry  Clay  for  the  Presidency.  He  was  a very  active  pol- 
itician, but  not  of  the  office-seeking  class.  He  was  a great 
admirer  of  Clay  and  Adams.  In  1825  he  had  the  misior- 
tune  to  lose  his  wife,  to  whom  he  was  devotedly  attached. 
He  soon  after  returned  to  the  college  at  Lexington,  but  re- 
signed in  the  spring  of  1826.  In  1827  he  established  the 
Western  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences  and  the  Cincinnati 
Eye  Infirmary.  In  a very  short  time  he  was  a well-known 
writer  on  medical  subjects — a journalist  and  author  of  high 
reputation.  After  three  years  in  this  field  he  was  elected  a 
Professor  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  arrived  there  for  the  third  time.  When  the  cholera 
epidemic  had  broken  out  he  had  returned  to  the  West,  and 
he  was  an  incessant  laborer  among  its  victims.  He  wro'e  a 
work  about  this  time  entitled  “A  Practical  Treatise  on  the 
History,  Prevention,  and  Treatment  of  Epidemic  Cholera.” 
In  1835  he  became  interested  in  the  construction  of  the 
Cincinnati  & Charleston  Railway.  He  originated  the 
scheme.  He  also  took  steps  to  reorganize  the  Medical 
College  of  Ohio.  A few  years  later  he  removed  to  Louis- 
ville, and  in  1849  was  called  again  to  a chair  in  the  Medi- 
cal College  of  Ohio.  He  was  cut  off  in  the  midst  of  his 
labors  here,  dying  November  5th,  1852,  after  an  illness  of 
about  a fortnight.  His  last  appearance  in  public  was  at  a 
meeting  to  honor  the  memory  of  Daniel  Webster.  His  life 
had  been  one  of  varied  labor  and  much  hardship,  but  he 
ever  maintained  an  attachment  for  the  purest  of  princi])les, 
and  his  intimates  say  that  he  was  never  po,ssessed  of  a single 
vice.  Although  he  was  long  poor,  he  paid  his  debts  to  the 
uttermost  farthing,  and  “ pay  what  thou  owest  ” was  with 
him  a golden  maxim. 

e 

ITT,  STILLMAN,  Railroad  President  and  Capital- 
ist, was  born  in  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts, 
Jatwary  4th,  1808.  His  father  being  poor,  he 
received  only  a common  school  education.  When 
a thirteen  years  of  age  he  was  taken  to  Troy,  New 

York,  where  he  was  employed  to  run  a skiff  ferry 
at  fen  dollars  per  month.  Canvoss  White,  of  the  United 
States  Engineer  Corps,  crossed  the  ferry  often,  and,  sur- 
prised by  the  interest  he  manifested  in  construction,  ob- 
tained permission  from  the  boy’s  father  to  educate  him  in 
his  own  profession.  He  was  soon  able  to  master  the  jtrin- 
ciples  of  engineering  and  to  apply  them.  He  was  then 
sent  by  his  friend  and  employer  to  take  charge  of  the 
Cohoes  Manufacturing  Company.  He  surveyed  and  laid 
out  the  village  and  arranged  the  water  power.  This  work 
accomplished,  he  was  despatched  to  construct  the  bridge 
across  the  Susquehanna  at  the  mouth  of  the  Juniata  river. 


442 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/LDIA. 


He  then  went  to  Louisville,  \\  here  he  spent  a year  and  a 
half  in  building  the  Louisvdle  & Portland  Canal.  Still  re- 
taining his  connection  with  Mr.  White,  he  removed  to 
Albany,  where  he  became  Agent  of  the  Hudson  River 
Steamboat  Association.  Subsequently  he  was  appointed 
Manager  of  the  Albany  & Boston  Railroad  Company,  and 
retained  the  position  eight  years.  He  then  visited  Cleve- 
land, where  efforts  were  being  put  forth  to  construct  a rail- 
road to  Columbus.  There  were  difficulties  in  the  way  of 
finding  experienced  builders  who  would  contract  to  build 
the  road  and  take  the  greater  part  of  their  pay  in  stock. 
P'inally  the  firm  of  Harbach,  Stone  & Witt  was  formed  for 
building  the  road.  The  road  was  completed  and  opened 
in  1851.  A contract  for  the  construction  of  the  Cleveland, 
Painesville  & Ashtabula  was  theti  made,  and  the  road  fin- 
ished Iry  Stone  & Witt  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Harbach. 
'Phe  same  firm  next  constructed  the  Chicago  & Milwaukee 
Railroad,  and  operated  it  some  time  after  its  completion. 
He  was  at  different  times  chosen  Director  in  the  Michigan 
.Southern  ; Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & Indianapolis; 
Cleveland,  Painesville  & Ashtabula;  Chicago  & Milwaukee, 
and  Bellefontaine  & Indiana  Railroad  Companies.  He  had 
large  investments  in  the  last-named  road,  but  for  a long 
time  it  was  unremunerative,  and  it  was  only  by  his  great 
efforts  that  it  did  not  go  into  bankruptcy.  The  stock  was 
unsalable  at  any  price ; but  he  had  faith  in  its  final  success, 
and  his  faith  and  works  were  finally  rewarded,  as  the  stock 
rose  considerably  above  par.  Subsequently  it  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  & Cincinnati  Railroad. 
John  Brough  had  been  made  President  of  the  company,  and 
was  his  trusted  aid  in  carrying  out  his  measures.  Iti  1S63 
the  political  situation  in  Ohio  was  veiy  grave,  the  sympa- 
thizers with  the  secession  war  having  become  numerous 
and  defiant.  He  urged  Mr.  Brough — who  had  been  a 
very  prominent  Democrat,  but  had  abandoned  politics  in 
disgust — to  accept  the  nomination  for  Governor  of  the 
Union  party,  and  offered  to  perform  his  duties  in  the  rail- 
road company  and  transfer  the  salary  to  Mr.  Brough,  who 
was  too  poor  to  sacrifice  his  position  for  the  inadequately 
paid  office  of  Governor.  The  promise  to  Mr.  Brough  was 
kept,  and  in  every  way  possible  he  manifested  his  regard 
for  him.  On  the  death  of  Governor  Brough,  in  1S65, 
which  occurred  in  Cleveland,  he  took  charge  of  his  de- 
ceased friend’s  affairs,  and  the  $20,000  which  he  had  orig- 
inally given  to  Governor  Brough  became,  by  careful  man- 
agement for  his  family,  upwards  of  $66,000.  The  affection 
of  these  two  men  for  each  other  was  strong  and  lasting. 
Not  less  so  was  the  regard  in  which  he  held,  and  was  held 
by,  the  late  .Secretary  of  War,  Edwin  M.  Stanton.  He  was 
active  in  aiding  Stanton  and  giving  him  moral  and  material 
encouragement  when  he  greatly  needed  both  in  his  onerous 
position.  When  Stanton  retired  from  office,  broken  down 
in  health  and  spirits,  and  poor  in  purse,  he  forced  upon  him 
a gift  of  $5000,  that  he  might  find  much-needed  rest  and 
recuperation  in  travel.  On  the  death  of  Governor  Brough 


he  was  elected  President  of  the  Bellefontaine  & Indiana 
Railroad,  and  retained  that  position  until  the  consolidation. 
Besides  his  position  on  the  directory  of  the  different  tail- 
roads  in  which  he  was  interested,  he  was  Director  of  the 
Second  National  and  Commercial  National  Banks  of  Cleve- 
land, and  President  of  the  Sun  Insurance  Company,  Union 
.Steel  Screw  Company,  and  Cleveland  Box  Machine  Com- 
])any.  He  was  justly  'ranked  among  benevolent,  public- 
spirited  citizens  of  Cleveland,  and  deservedly  enjoyed  the 
esteem  and  gratitude  of  the  community  at  large.  Integrity 
and  industry  were  leading  traits  in  his  character.  He  died 
at  sea,  April  29th,  1875,  while  on  his  way  to  Europe  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health.  He  was  married  in  June,  1834,  to 
Eliza  A.  Douglass,  of  Albany.  Of  his  two  surviving  daugh- 
ters, Mary  was  married  to  Daniel  P.  Eells,  of  Cleveland, 
and  Emma  to  Colonel  W.  H.  Harris,  of  the  United  States 
army. 

OYT,  FRANCIS  SOUTHACK,  A.  M.,  D.  D., 
Editor  of  the  IVesicm  Chriitian  Advocate,  and 
one  of  the  most  scholarly,  enthusiastic,  and  suc- 
cessful business  ministers  in  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  was  born  November  5th,  1822,  in 
Lindon,  Vermont.  His  father,  Benjamin  R. 
Hoyt,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-four,  was  one  of  the 
pioneer  preachers  of  Methodism  in  the  New  England 
States,  was  at  one  time  Presiding  Elder  over  the  greater 
part  of  those  States,  and  one  of  the  Trustees  of  Wesleyan 
University  at  the  time  his  sons  were  students  in  that  institu- 
tion. Dr.  Hoyt  is  brother  to  Benjamin  Thomas  Hoyt, 
A.  M.,  deceased,  late  Professor  of  Latin,  Belles  Lettres, 
and  History  in  Asbury  University,  at  Greencastle,  Indiana; 
also  brother  of  Colonel  Albert  Harrison  Hoyt,  editor  of  the 
“New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register.” 
These  brothers  are  graduates  of  the  Wesleyan  University, 
at  Middletown,  Connecticut,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1844.  In  1847  he  received  the 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  that  college.  Dr.  Hoyt's 
early  years  were  spent  on  his  father’s  farm.  Here  he 
worked  and  prepared  for  college.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  commenced  his  college  career.  Two  years  after  his 
graduation  Dr.  Hoyt  entered  the  mini.stry,  preaching  and 
continuing  to  teach  until  1850,  when,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  mission  society  of  the  church,  he  was  sent  to  Oregon  to 
take  charge  of.  the  school  at  Salem.  After  the  Indians 
passed  away  the  old  mission  school  was  converted  into  a 
select  institution  for  the  incoming  civilized  tide.  This  was 
soon  known  as  the  Oregon  Institute,  and  during  Dr.  Hoyt’s 
connection  with  it  it  developed  into  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity. It  now  has  a medical  and  law  department,  and  is 
the  most  successful  educational  in.stitution  on  the  Pacific. 
Here  Dr.  Hoyt  remained  until  i860,  being  elected  Presi- 
dent in  1854,  and  filling  this  office  until  he  was  called  to 
represent  the  Oregon  Conference  in  the  General  Conference 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


443 


at  Buffalo,  New  York,  in  i860,  at  which  time  he  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  at 
Delaware.  This  position  he  accepted  and  removed  to  Dela- 
ware. Bor  nearly  twelve  years  Dr.  Hoyt’s  connection  with 
this  institution  remained  uninterrupted.  In  1865  he  was 
transferred  to  the  department  of  Biblical  Theology  in  the 
University.  In  1872  he  was  again  sent  as  delegate  to  the 
General  Conference.  At  this  time.he  was  made  Editor-in- 
Chief  of  the  Western  Christian  Advocate,  and  consequently 
removed  to  Cincinnati.  This  position  he  still  occupies. 
The  Advocate,  of  which  Dr.  Hoyt  is  editor,  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  ably  conducted  papers  under  the  auspices 
and  patronage  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Few  denomina- 
tional papers  in  the  country  have  a larger  circulation.  After 
Dr.  Hoyt’s  retirement  from  Wesleyan  University  he  received 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  Baldwin  University.  Although 
Dr.  Hoyt  i.s  fifty-two  years  of  age,  he  seems  to  be  in  the 
very  prime  of  life.  He  is  a man  of  great  and  true  powers 
of  mind,  full  of  the  milk  of  human  kindness,  incapable  of  a 
mean  sentiment,  and  still  full  of  enthusiasm  in  his  life  of 
well-doing. 

' RE.SEL,  HON.  OTTO,  Lawyer,  of  Columbus, 
Ohio,  has  a peculiar  histoiy,  marked  with  a 
variety  of  striking  events.  In  the  ordinary  inter- 
courses of  life  a man  of  his  marked  ability,  with 
positive  convictions,  and  great  moral  and  physical 
courage,  will  necessarily  encounter  sharp  conflicts 
with  those  of  opposite  views.  Though  a man  of  great  firm- 
ness, he  is  courteous  and  gentlemanly,  recognizing  in  all  the 
full  right  of  personal  independence  in  the  maintenance  of 
their  opinions.  But  aside  from  the  ordinary  conflicts  of 
opinion,  Mr.  Dresel  has  encountered  some  trying  ordeals  in 
the  advocacy  of  his  principles,  as  will  appear  in  the  follow- 
ing sketch.  He  was  born  in  the  year  1824,  in  Detmold,  the 
capital  of  Lippe,  only  two  miles  from  the  battle-field,  where, 
about  the  time  of  the  .Saviour’s  birth,  Arminius  delivered 
Germany  from  the  Roman  yoke  by  a most  signal  defeat  of 
the  invading  foe.  This  fact  may  have  been  to  him  an 
inspiration  in  the  cause  of  civil  liberty.  After  closing  a 
thorough  collegiate  course,  in  which  he  made  great  profi 
ciency  in  scholarly  attainments,  he  studied  law,  and  in  due 
time  entered  upon  the  practice  of  the  profession  with  the 
most  flattering  prospects.  About  this  lime  the  revolutionary 
movement  of  1848  was  inaugurated,  in  which  Mr.  Dresel 
very  naturally  became  an  active  participant;  and  in  the  fur- 
therance of  the  cause  of  Republicanism  took  the  editorial 
management  of  a political  journal  in  which  certain  features 
of  the  government  were  violently  assailed,  and  the  tocsin 
of  war  was  sounded.  As  Mr.  Dresel  was  prominent  in  the 
movement,  efforts  were  made  for  bis  arrest  and  punishment. 
Had  his  enemies  succeeded,  it  would  have  subjected  .him  to 
a long  and  humiliating  imprisonment,  from  which  he  barely 
escaped  by  a precipitate  flight  and  the  use  of  various  dis- 


guises, He  finally  took  refuge  in  the  first  vessel  he  reached, 
not  knowing  its  destination.  His  pursuers  were  close  on 
his  track  and  searched  the  vessel  with  all  diligence,  but  by 
the  kindness  of  the  captain  he  was  effectually  concealed. 
Fortunately  the  ship  was  bound  for  the  United  States,  and 
thus  by  what  would  seem  to  be  a mere  accident,  he  reached 
a country  that  recognized  the  great  principles  for  the  main- 
tenance of  which  he  had  become  a fugitive  from  his  native 
land.  In  November,  1849,  Lresel  reached  Baltimore, 
a stranger,  poor,  and  friendless,  but  he  had  talent  and  edu- 
cation and  energy,  and  was  equal  to  the  emergency.  He 
went  West.  Prior  to  his  naturalization  he  was,  by  special 
act  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  allowed  an  examination  before 
the  Supreme  Court  of  this  .State  and  admitted  to  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law.  In  1853  he  moved  to  the  city  of  Columbus, 
where  in  due  time  he  attained  a prominent  position  at  the 
bar,  and  secured  a remunerative  practice.  In  1855  he  was 
married  to  Louise  M.  Silbernagel,  a daughter  of  an  influen- 
tial citizen  of  Columbus,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children, 
the  eldest  of  them  being  at  this  date  a promising  student  in 
the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Ohio.  In  the 
troublous  times  of  1861  Mr.  Dresel  was  elected  a member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  from  Franklin 
county.  The  late  war  of  the  rebellion  had  culminated  in  an 
open  conflict.  Very  rigid  measures  were  adopted  to  fill  up 
the  ranks  and  supply  material  aid  to  the  government,  some 
of  these  being  regarded  by  many  as  usurpations  of  power, 
endangering  the  liberties  of  the  people.  These  are  among 
the  things  of  the  past,  and  are  only  alluded  to  as  bearing  on 
an  important  portion  of  Mr.  Dresel’s  history,  for,  following 
out  his  convictions,  he  introduced  into  the  Legislature  a 
series  of  resolutions  denouncing  some  of  these  measures  as 
usurpations  of  power.  After  a most  animated  and  bitter 
discussion  a resolution  to  expel  him  from  the  body  was  de- 
feated, and  a mere  vote  of  censure  was  passed.  At  the 
ensuing  election  Mr.  Dresel  was  renominated  by  acclama- 
tion, and  elected  by  an  overwhelming  majority,  indicative 
of  his  full  vindication  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  he  repre- 
sented. Being  a zealous  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party,  Mr.  Dresel  took  an  active  part  in  many 
Presidential  and  State  campaigns,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
popular  and  successful  German  “stump”  orators  in  the 
West.  On  the  14th  of  December,  1864,  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Legislature,  that  he  might  be  enabled  to  more 
fully  devote  himself  to  the  practice  of  the  law.  Although 
he  has  been  fully  occupied  in  professional  and  private 
duties,  few  have  manifested  greater  public  spirit  or  accom- 
plished more  in  the  advancement  of  the  educational  and 
other  important  enterprises  of  the  city.  P'or  many  years  he 
seiwed  as  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  as 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Rules  ami  Regulations 
drafted  the  first  manual  of  the  Board,  and  of  the  Public 
.Schools,  which  is  .still  in  force  and  forms  the  basis  for  the 
action  of  the  former,  and  the  government  of  the  latter.  He 
has  also  been  an  active  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 


444 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPA£I)IA. 


of  the  Public  Library  and  Reading  Room  of  the  city 
of  Columbus,  and  has  served  as  the  Secretary  from  the  time 
of  its  first  organization  to  the  present.  He  has  exercised  a 
thoughtful  oversight  of  the  institution  generally,  and  espec- 
i.rlly  of  the  German  department,  making  selections  of  the 
books,  classifying  and  registering  them  with  his  own  hand, 
and  providing  the  reading  room  with  the  choicest  papers 
and  magazines.  In  these  qs  well  as  all  other  positions  he 
has  shown  himself  capable  and  faithful.  Besides  being  a fine 
general  scholar  and  a man  of  very  unusual  literary  culture, 
Mr.  Diesel  is  a great  admirer  of  the  fine  arts,  and  possesses 
a natural  and  highly  cultivated  taste  for  music,  and  is  an 
amateur  performer  on  several  instruments.  P'or  some  years 
he  occupied  the  position  of  Musical  Director  of  the  Maenner- 
chor,  the  leading  German  glee  club  of  Columbus.  Under 
his  leadersliip  the  society  gave  in  1867  and  1868,  during 
two  successive  winter  seasons  at  Naughton  Hall,  a series 
of  what  may  be  called  fashionable  concerts,  attended  by 
ci'owded  and  appreciative  audiences,  consisting  of  the  elite 
of  the  city.  Since  August,  1S75,  Mr.  Dresel  has  taken 
charge  of  the  Ohio  State  Agency  for  the  Protection  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Dresel  is  .so  well- 
preserved  that  he  would  not  be  taken  for  a semi-centenarian. 
He  is  active  in  his  movements,  stands  or  walks  erect,  is  at 
least  six  feet  high,  and  though  slender  is  well-proportioned. 
His  expressive  countenance  and  blue  eyes,  when  in  repose, 
indicate  a gentle  nature  and  a kind  heart,  but  when  aroused, 
his  contracted  brows  and  flashing  eyes  reveal  that  hidden 
energy  and  enthusiasm  which  have  characterized  and  sus- 
tained his  eventful  and  checkered  career  throughout. 


f OXLEY,  NATHANIEL  K.,  M.  D.,  was  born 
Tunbridge,  Orange  county,  Vermont,  Febi'uary 
8th,  1818,  and  was  the  ninth  child  in  a family  of 
ten  children,  whose  parents  were  Thomas  Moxley 
and  Asenath  (Flint)  Moxley.  His  father,  a native 
of  Stonington,  Connecticut,  followed  through  life 
the  profession  of  medicine,  and  died  in  1846  at  Tunbridge, 
Vermont,  where  he  had  been  for  many  years  engaged  in 
professional  labors.  His  mother,  also  a native  of  Stoning- 
ton, Connecticut,  died  in  Tunbridge,  Vermont,  in  1869,  at 
the  advanced  age  of  ninety-two  years.  On  the  paternal 
side  he  is  of  English  extraction,  and  related  to  various  active 
participants  in  the  revolutionary  conflict,  notably  four  uncles. 
On  his  mother's  side  he  is  of  Danish  origin,  and  also  finds 
there  several  ancestors  who  took  an  active  part  in  the  stir 
ring  events  preceding  and  following  the  vear  1776.  Until 
his  fifteenth  year  was  attained,  his  days  were  passed  alter- 
nately in  attending  school  during  the  winter  months,  and  in 
laboring  on  a farm  through  the  summer  seasons.  In  1834 
he  commenced  an  academical  course  of  studv  at  Royalton, 
Vermont,  and  remained  there  as  a student  for  about  four 
years.  He  then  returned  to  Tunbridge,  Vermont,  and 


began  the  reading  of  medicine  under  the  supervision  of  C. 
B.  Chandler,  a prominent  physician  of  his  new  location. 
At  the  expiration  of  two  years  consumed  in  diligent  research, 
he  moved  to  Randolph,  Vermont,  where  he  continued  the 
study  of  medicine  until  the  fall  of  1841,  and  after  attending 
medical  lectures  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  at  Woodstock, 
Vermont,  graduated  at  the  Vermont  University,  in  Burling- 
ton. In  the  course  of  the  same  year  he  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  practised  about  eighteen  months  in  Wheelersburg, 
Scioto  county.  In  July,  1843,  settled  at  Pine  Grove 
P’urnace,  Lawrence  county,  where  he  remained  until  1847, 
when,  on  account  of  impaired  health,  he  returned  to  .Scioto 
county,  and  there  continued  employed  in  professional  labors 
until  January,  1852,  when  he  moved  to  fronton,  Lawrence 
county,  where,  while  sustaining  unabatedly  the  practice  of 
medicine,  he  opened  also  a commodious  store  for  the  sale 
and  dispensing  of  drugs.  At  the  present  time  he  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  fronton,  and  in 
addition  is  known  as  the  reliable  and  successful  head  of  a 
large  drug  business.  In  February,  1873,  the  Miami  Uni- 
versity of  Ohio  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
ad  entidem,  and  in  1868  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  P'or 
seven  years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  City  Council  of 
fronton  ; for  twenty-five  years  has  been  a member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  fronton  schools;  and  since  1859 
has  served  efficiently  on  the  County  Board  of  School  Exam- 
iners. Also  for  many  years  he  has  been  a valued  and  prom- 
inent member  of  the  I-awrence  County  Medic.al  Society, 
and  of  the  Ohio  Valley  Medical  Association.  During  the 
progress  of  the  rebellion,  he  officiated  as  County  Surgeon 
of  Lawrence  county.  For  many  years  also  he  has  been  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellow  frater- 
nities; for  six  years  has  served  as  Master  of  Lawrence 
Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  is  the  present  King  of  the  Chap- 
ter ; and  Noble  Grand  of  Ironton  Lodge,  1.  O.  O.  F.  His 
initial  vote  was  cast  in  favor  of  General  Harrison.  Relig- 
iously he  is  a Congregationalist,  and  is  a deacon  of  his 
church.  His  integrity  of  character,  entirely  unassailable, 
is  admirably  paralleled  by  his  tireless  and  well-directed 
energy  and  industry.  He  was  married  in  November,  1848, 
to  Sophia  McConnell,  a native  of  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  and 
has  four  children — three  daughters  and  one  son. 


j'uARV,  DANIEL  B.,  Lawyer,  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  Brandon,  Vermont,  April  12th,  1823, 
his  parents  being  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  to 
which  they  returned  when  he  was  ten  years  old, 
settling  at  Keene,  where  he  attended  school  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  He  then  commenced  to 
learn  the  trade  of  cabinet-m.aker  under  Abel  Wilder,  with 
whom  he  served  not  quite  three  years,  and  then  as  a jour- 
neyman worked  at  his  trade  for  about  five  years.  In  1847 


REPRESENTATIVE  FROM  OHIO 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENX'VCLOP.-EDIA. 


445 


he  went  to  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  worked  at  car- 
building in  the  factory  of  Bradley  & Rice,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1850,  when  he  went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
continued  his  trade  in  the  car-shops  of  Ridgway  & Kimble 
until  May  13th,  1851,  when  he  went  to  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  At  first  he  found  employment 
in  the  car-shops  of  Douglas  Smith  & Co.,  and  there  stayed 
four  years.  In  the  latter  part  of  1855  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  James  Harper,  and  under  Colonel  Wil- 
liam H.  Ball  he  finished  reading,  March  30th,  1857,  at 
which  date  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  a practising  law- 
yer. He  has  been  engaged  in  active  pursuit  of  his  profes- 
sion ever  since,  with  the  exception  of  the  period  of  his  ser- 
vice in  the  army.  He  joined  and  was  mustered  into  service 
October  22d,  1862,  as  Captain  of  Company  I,  I22d  Ohio 
Volunteers,  and  held  the  position  for  seventeen  months, 
when  he  was  honorably  discharged  on  account  of  sickness 
which  rendered  him  unfit  for  duty.  In  1843  he  was  married 
to  Sophronia  C.  Thatcher,  who  died  P'ebruary  2d,  1851.  On 
October  l6th,  1851,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Little,  who 
was  killed  by  the  falling  of  the  market-house,  January  24th, 
1863.  He  was  married  a third  time,  on  November  l6th, 
1865,  to  Roxanna  M.  Helmick.  He  has  held  the  position 
of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  county.  At  present  he  is 
engaged  in  a large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  is  highly 
esteemed  for  his  many  good  qualities. 


i IGELOW,  ASA,  Physician,  was  born.  May  2d, 
1820,  in  Peru,  Bennington  county,  Vermont. 
His  parents,  Reuben  Bigelow  and  Abigail 
Brooks,  were  Americans  of  \Velsh  ancestry. 
His  father  settled  in  Peru  about  the  year  1798, 
purchasing  two  farms  for  fifty  cents.  One  of 
these  farms  he  afterwards  sold,  and  on  the  other  raised 
twelve  children.  Reuben  Bigelow  was  a man  of  force  and 
prominence,  and  served  several  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
Vermont.  In  1822  a family  meeting  was  held,  at  which 
eleven  children  were  present.  P'ifty  years  later  the  family 
had  a second  reunion,  but  three  had  passed  away.  Seven 
of  the  children  were  girls  and  five  boys,  of  whom  Asa  is  the 
youngest.  Their  ages  average  sixty-four  years  and  their 
weight  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  pounds.  Eight  of  the 
children  are  still  living.  Asa  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
education  at  the  academies  in  Chester  and  Braltleborough, 
Vermont.  Leaving  school,  he  read  medicine  with  Dr.  L. 
G.  Whiting,  at  Londonderry.  Vermont,  graduating  at  Wood- 
stock,  in  that  State,  March  loth,  1840.  P'or  three  years  and 
a half  after  leaving  college  he  practised  medicine  in  Wind- 
ham, and  then  joined  his  old  preceptor  in  Londonderry. 
In  the  spring  of  1845  he  went  to  .Attica,  P'ountain  county, 
Indiana,  where  he  pursued  his  profession  with  gratifying 
success  for  twenty-six  years.  His  skilful  surgical  operations 
gave  him  wide  fame.  In  January,  1862,  he  was  commis- 


sioned Surgeon  of  the  3d  Illinois  Cavalry  ; was  at  the  battle 
of  Pea  Ridge,  and  left  the  army  in  October  of  the  same 
year  to  settle  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
His  large  practice  in  medicine  and  surgery  has  come  as  the 
result  of  a mind  fitted  for  the  work,  added  to  a zealous  love 
for  his  profession.  His  medical  brethren  have  not  been  slow 
to  recognize  and  acknowledge  his  ability  and  skill.  Dr. 
Bigelow  is  an  active  and  useful  member  of  the  Medical  As- 
sociation of  Toledo.  February  14th,  1848,  he  married  Mary 
E.  Lamont,  at  Attica,  Indiana,  who  died  December  2d,  1850, 
leaving  an  infant  boy,  who  soon  followed  his  mother.  Oc- 
tober 4th,  1853,  Dr.  Bigelow  married  Martha  A.  Scott,  of 
P'ountain  county,  Indiana;  of  this  union  four  children  were 
born,  three  of  whom,  one  girl  and  two  boys,  are  now  living. 


SHLEV,  JAMES  M.,  Editor  and  Lawyer,  ex- 
member of  Congress  and  ex- Governor  of  Mon- 


tana, was  born  in  .Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  14th,  1824.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  America,  of  English  and  Scotch  extraction. 
His  early  education  was  acquired  at  home,  under 
the  guidance  of  his  father  and  mother.  In  1841  he  entered 
the  printing  office  of  the  Sciola  Valley  Republican,  edited 
by  William  P.  Camden,  and  subsequently  was  employed  in 
various  printing  offices  until  he  became  in  1848  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Democrat,  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio.  During 
his  experience  as  an  editor  he  studied  law  with  Charles 
Oscar  Tracy,  under  whom  he  prosecuted  his  studies  until 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  shortly  after  which  he 
relinquished  hrs  connection  with  the  Democrat.  The  en- 
suing two  years  were  passed  in  Portsmouth  in  the  office  of 
his  former  preceptor  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
the  fall  of  1851  he  moved  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  there,  with 
the  exception  of  temporary  absences  on  official  business,  he 
has  permanently  resided.  In  1858  he  was  elected  as  a radi- 
cal anti-slavery  man  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  from  the 
then  P'ifth  District  of  Ohio.  To  this  honorable  position  he 
was  consecutively  re-electeo  in  i860,  1862,  1864  and  1S66. 
While  in  Congress,  during  Buchanan’s  administration,  he 
delivered  two  speeches  which  dealt  ably  with  the  momentous 
questions  of  the  hour.  In  the  second  speech,  after  the  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Lincoln,  he  anticipated  the  great  events  of  the 
approaching  war,  and  drew  attention  to  the  vital  issues  pre- 
sented. It  stands  recorded  as  a masterly,  an  eloquent  oration 
in  the  interest  of  unity  and  peace,  and  was  recognized  as  a 
statesmanlike  view  of  a political  situation.  In  1863  and 
1864  he  had  charge  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Constitutional  amendment  for  the  abolishment  of  slavery  in 
the  United  .States,  which  was,  as  history  tells,  carried  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  by  the  aid  of  Democratic  votes 
and  became  part  of  the  Constitution.  While  that  amend- 
ment was  under  consideration  he  delivered  a speech  in  its 
favor,  which  added  in  no  small  degree  to  his  reputation  for 


446 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


ability  and  broad,  liberal  views.  March  I2th,  1863,  he  re- 
ported from  his  committee  the  first  reconstruction  bill  intro- 
duced in  either  House  of  Congress,  and  subsequently  de- 
livered several  speeches  in  favor  of  the  plan  of  reconstruction 
which  he  provided  for  in  his  first  bill.  In  1866  he  introduced 
the  original  resolution  for  tlie  impeachment  of  Andrew  John- 
son, President  of  the  United  States,  which  was  referred  to 
the  Judiciary  Committee.  The  evidence  presented  to  the 
committee  was  reported  upon,  and  finally  a resolution  was 
passed  by  the  House  impeaching  the  President.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed  by  General  Ulysses  S.  Grant  Governor 
of  Mont.ma,  but  in  1871  was  removed  by  him  for  alleged 
unfriendly  criticism  of  his  administration.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Toledo,  Ohio. 
In  1872  he  voted  for  Horace  Greeley,  and  has  acted  since 
with  the  Democrats  and  liberal  Republicans.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  November,  1851,  to  Emma  J.  Smith,  of  Kentucky. 


ORRIS,  REV.  ROBERT  DESHA,  D.  D.,  Clergy- 
man, was  born  in  Washington,  Mason  county, 
Kentucky,  August  22d,  1814.  He  is  the  eldest 
son  of  Colonel  Joseph  Morris,  who  removed  from 
New  Jersey  to  Kentucky  in  1794.  The  Morris 
family — Maur-rwyce:  literally,  “warlike,  power- 
ful ” — trace  their  descent  from  a chieftain  primogenitor  in 
Wales  in  933.  In  later  times,  they  had  important  com 
mands,  and  fought  in  the  battles  of  the  Parliament  against 
Charles  I.;  but  after  the  death  of  Cromwell  they  were  ob- 
liged to  flee  from  Monmouthshire  to  escape  the  vengeance 
of  Charles  II.,  and  took  refuge  in  the  Island  of  Barbadoes. 
P'rom  this  island  his  fourth  grandfather,  Lewis  Morris,  soon 
after  sailed  for  New  Jersey,  and  settled  in  that  part  now 
termed  Monmouth  county,  where  he  was  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  first  Monmouth  court.  Another  branch  of  the  family, 
about  the  same  time,  settled  at  and  gave  the  name  to 
Morrisania,  New  York,  and  have  become  famous  in  the 
history  of  the  country.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  having  been  taken  prisoner, 
was  confined  with  many  other  patriots  in  the  “ Old  Sugar 
House,”  in  Liberty  street,  New  York,  where  they  endured 
untold  sufferings,  pounded  glass  being  sometimes  mingled 
with  their  miserable  food.  Ills  maternal  ancestors,  the 
Deshas,  fled  from  La  Rochelle  on  the  Revocation  of  the 
Eilict  of  Nantes  by  Louis  XIV.  in  1685,  and  came  to  New 
Rochelle,  New  York.  They  subsequently  settled  on  the 
Delaware,  above  the  W'ater  Gap,  where  they  lived  many 
years.  In  1784  the  Deshas  and  the  Overfields  emigrated 
to  Kentucky.  They  were  with  the  Kentons,  .Simon  and 
John,  in  their  stations,  and  shared  in  their  struggles  with 
frontier  life  and  the  merciless  Indian.  His  mother  being 
descended  from  the  Huguenot  stock,  held  tenaciously  to 
the  Reformed  or  Calvinistic  faith.  Her  only  son  early  im- 
bibed these  tenets,  to  which  he  has  steadfastly  adhered. 


Having  been  prepared  at  Bracken  Academy,  Augusta,  Ken- 
tucky, he  entered  Augusta  College  in  the  same  place,  and 
after  a four-years’  course  graduated  August  7th,  1S34.  He 
then  went  to  the  Theological  Seminary,  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  completed  another  four-years’  course,  Sep- 
tember 24th,  1838.  During  vacations  he  attended  lectures 
at  the  theological  department  of  Yale  College,  and  travelled 
extensively  over  the  country.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  in  that  city,  April  l8th, 
1838.  His  first  sermon  was  preached  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church  at  Newtown,  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  April 
22d,  1838,  and  his  second  discourse  was  delivered  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  same  day  in  the  old  Ben  Salem  Presbyterian 
Church,  near  the  Philadelphia  line.  Having  been  called  to 
Newtown,  in  August  following  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  that  church  by  the  Second  Presbytery  of  Philadel- 
phia, October  23d,  1838,  and  sustained  that  relation  for 
eighteen  years.  He  removed  thence  to  Oxford,  Ohio,  where 
he  has  been  for  over  sixteen  years  President  of  Oxford  Fe- 
male College.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.  D. 
from  Centre  College,  Kentucky,  June,  1870.  He  was  mar- 
ried, May  3d,  1842,  to  Elizabeth,  the  youngest  daughter  of 
Matthew  L.  Bevan,  an  eminent  merchant  and  Christian 
gentleman  of  Philadelphia.  The  old  Newtown  Church  was 
built  before  the  Revolution,  and  had  many  historic  associa- 
tions. Washington’s  head-cpiarters  were  near  by,  and  when 
the  Hessians  were  captured  over  at  Trenton,  almost  in  sight, 
many  of  them  were  lodged  within  the  solid  stone  walls  of 
the  old  church.  A British  officer,  annoyed  at  the  curious 
crowds,  took  a piece  of  charcoal  and  wrote  on  the  wall  op- 
posite the  pulpit : 

In  times  of  war,  and  not  before, 

God  and  the  soldier  men  adore  ; 

When  the  war  is  o’er,  and  all  things  righted, 

The  Lord’s  forgot  and  the  soldier  slighted. 

These  memories  aided  not  a little  to  increase  the  zeal  of 
the  young  pastor;  and  the  old  church  was  renovated  and 
enlarged,  and  continues  to  flourish.  Besides  diligent  atten- 
tion to  his  pastoral  duties,  he  was  abundant  in  labors  and 
in  preaching  and  planting  churches  in  other  places.  Several 
important  churches  in  Bucks  county  owe  their  formation  to 
his  persistent  efforts.  He  was  uniformly  prompt  and  active 
in  his  attendance  upon  the  judicatories  of  his  denomination, 
and  was  several  times  elected  by  his  Presbytery  to  represent 
them  in  the  highest  court  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
was  a member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  1844;  at  Cincinnati  in 
1850;  at  New  Orleans  in  1858,  and  at  Philadelphia  in  1870. 
In  general  improvement,  in  temperance  and  educational 
movements,  he  was  very  active,  having  been  President  of 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Temperance  Convention  at  Harris- 
burg in  1846.  He  served  as  Director  in  the  common  schools, 
and  established  a superior  Parochial  School  and  Classical 
Academy,  now  in  successful  operation  at  Newtown.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


447 


was  for  years  an  energetic  and  laborious  Trustee  for  Lafayette 
College,  helping  to  raise  her  endowment  and  sending  her 
many  promising  young  men.  In  Ohio  his  educational  efforts 
have  continued  with  unabated  interest.  The  0.xford  Female 
College,  over  which  he  presides,  has  the  well-deserved 
honor  of  being  one  of  the  best  educational  establishments  in 
the  country. 


RAFF,  J.4iCOB,  late  Merchant,  was  born,  Septem- 
ber 1st,  1802,  in  Arch  street,  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  that 
^ city.  He  learned  the  auction  business  in  the 
house  of  Pearcell  & Gerlon,  and  when  he  had  at- 
tained his  majority  his  father  started  him  in  the 
general  produce  business,  in  which  he  continued  prosper- 
ously until  the  great  financial  crises  of  1833  and  1834,  and 
having  also  engaged  largely  in  coal-land  speculations — the 
excitement  in  such  investments  then  running  high — he  sus- 
pended payment.  Not  caring  to  accept  a subordinate  posi- 
tion at  that  time,  he  remained  out  of  business  until  1836, 
and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  went  to  Cincinnati  and  effected 
an  engagement  with  the  Newport  Manufacturing  Company 
as  Supervisor  and  confidential  clerk,  and  occupied  those 
positions  until  their  failure  in  1839.  He  then  embarked  in 
the  auction  business  on  Main  street,  under  the  firm-name 
of  Hutchinson  & Graff,  and  on  the  death  of  his  partner, 
which  occurred  shortly  after  they  commenced,  he  formed  a 
copartnership  with  J.  J.  Wright,  and  carried  on  the  auction, 
commission  and  real-estate  business,  opening  a house  on 
Third  street,  where  they  continued  until  the  death  of  his 
partner.  He  next  associated  himself  with  Thomas  Johnson, 
their  place  of  business  being  on  Main  street,  he  being  chief 
salesm.an.  This  firm  continued  to  exist  until  1858,  when  he 
engaged  on  his  own  account  on  East  Fourth  street,  the  firm- 
name  being  Jacob  Graff  & Co.,  and  there  he  continued  until 
his  death.  During  his  long  business  career  in  Cincinnati  he 
was  regarded  by  his  competitors  as  an  upright  and  honor- 
able business  man,  and  one  in  whose  word  implicit  confi- 
dence could  be  placed.  The  high  appreciation  in  which  he 
was  held  by  the  representative  citizens  of  Cincinnati  may  be 
under.->tood  by  the  perusal  of  the  subjoined  testimonial  from 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  which  was  reported  by  a com- 
mittee and  spread  upon  the  minutes  of  that  association.  It 
is  as  follows : 

Your  committee,  appointed  to  draft  a minute  upon  the 
death  of  Jacob  Graff,  respectfully  submit  the  following  as 
their  report:  Jacob  Graff,  Esq.,  whose  recent  death  we  are 
called  upon  to  mourn,  was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly 
respectable  members  of  this  body,  and  in  his  earlier  days 
one  of  its  most  active  and  influential  members.  Years  ago, 
when  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  comparatively  weak 
in  numbers,  he  was  always  present,  taking  an  active  part  in 
promoting  its  growth  and  usefulness  in  the  business  com- 
munity ; but  of  late  years  he  was  seldom  seen  upon  the  floor 
of  the  Chamber,  but  retained  his  membership  and  his  interest 


in  the  association.  No  man  in  this  community  was  more 
generally  known,  and  wherever  known  moie  highly  respected 
than  Mr.  Grafl'.  His  uprightness  and  strict  inlegrily,  his  un- 
assuming and  consistent  Christian  character,  secured  him  the 
confidence  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  frank  and  genial 
in  manner,  affable  and  courteous  to  all,  and  fair  and  honor- 
able in  all  his  dealings;  and  in  his  death  the  Chamber  loses 
one  of  its  most  estimable  and  worthy  members,  and  the  city 
of  Cincinnati  one  of  its  most  useful  citizens.  To  the  wile 
of  the  deceased,  who  mourns  the  loss  of  her  companion  of 
nearly  fifty  years,  to  the  children  and  grandchildren,  we 
tender  our  most  sincere  sympathy. 

Signed,  Jacob  Burnet,  Jr., 

Hugh  McBirnev, 
Richard  Smith. 

He  was  initiated  into  the  Masonic  order  in  1S40  in  La- 
fayette Lodge,  Cincinnati;  was  exalted  to  Cincinnati  Chap- 
ter, April  5th,  1843;  elected  Scribe  in  1845;  King  in 
1846,  holding  the  latter  office  two  years;  in  1S48  he  was 
chosen  High  Priest,  and  during  the  same  year  was  elected 
by  the  Chapter  Grand  High  Priest,  serving  in  each  capacity 
four  years.  He  received  all  the  degrees  in  Masonry  to  the 
thirty-second  degree,  and  he  served  for  two  years  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Masonic  Octroi  Association  of  Ohio.  He 
also  served  one  year  in  the  commandery  as  Prelate;  one 
year  as  Generalissimo,  and  one  year  as  Captain-General. 
He  waS  a consistent  Christian,  having  been  a member  of  the 
Second  Presbyterian  Church  for  many  years.  His  conver- 
sion was  no  doubt  attributable  to  the  influence  of  his  wife, 
who  has  been  almost  a life-long  Christian,  and  now  rejoices 
in  the  hope  of  being  reunited  with  him  in  an  eternal  home. 
He  was  married,  April  17th,  1827,  to  Mary  A.,  daughter 
of  John  McKnight,  of  Reading,  Pennsylvania.  He  died 
November  30th,  1875  > father  of  seven  children, 

of  whom  three  are  now  living,  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
His  son.  Dr.  M.  B.  Graff,  and  a grandson,  John  McKnight 
Sears,  have  succeeded  him  in  his  business,  which  they  con- 
tinue in  the  same  place  where  he  passed  so  many  years  of 
his  life. 


OORE,  WILLIAM  E.,  D.  D.,  Pastor  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Strasburg,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania, 
April  1st,  1823.  At  the  completion  of  his  course 
of  studies  in  Yale  College,  he  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  1847.  Later  he  entered  upon  the 
study  of  theology,  and  taught  in  the  academy  at  P'airfield, 
Connecticut,  and  in  April,  1850,  was  licensed  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Wilmington.  In  the  following  October  he  was 
ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  the  P'irst  Presbyterian 
Church,  West  Chester,  Pennsylvania,  by  the  Third  Presby- 
tery of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  In  this  field  of  Chris- 
tian labors  he  was  engaged  until  1872,  when  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Columbus, 
Ohio,  where  he  is  still  in  charge.  His  grandfather  was  an 
officer  in  the  revolutionary  war.  His  father.  Dr.  Jacob 


448 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


Moore,  was  a captain  of  cavalry  in  the  war  of  1812-15.  He 
himself  served  as  Lieutenant  of  Artillery  in  the  Pennsylva- 
nia militia  during  the  Gettysburg  campaign,  in  1863.  He 
was  married,  September  19th,  1850,  to  Harriet  F.  Foot, 
daughter  of  Rev.  George  Foot,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  at  Newark,  Delaware. 


?EIGS,  HON.  RETURN  JONATHAN,  was  born 
in  Middlebury,  Connecticut,  in  1765.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
har  in  his  native  town.  Not  long  after  he  de- 
jtarted  for  the  wilderness  of  the  West,  becoming 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  old  town  of  Marietta. 
In  1S02  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio,  but  resigned  the  next  year  to  accept  a military  ap- 
pointment from  President  Jefferson.  He  was  given  the 
command  of  the  Unitetl  States  troops  and  militia  in  the 
northern  district  of  Louisiana.  Soon  after  he  was  appointed 
a ludge  in  the  Territory  named  above.  In  1807  he  was  ap- 
pointed a Judge  for  the  then  Territory  of  Michigan,  but  re- 
signed the  same  year,  and  hecaine  a candidate  for  Gover- 
nor of  Ohio.  He  was  elected  by  a decided  vote,  but  was 
debarred  from  taking  his  seat  through  not  having  resided 
in  the  State  continuously  for  four  years  previous  to  his  can- 
didacy. The  Legislature  of  1807-8  sent  him  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  served  with  credit.  In  iSio  he 
was  again  elected  Governor,  and  during  the  second  war 
with  Great  Britain  was  prompt  and  active  in  all  measures 
pertaining  to  the  public  safety.  In  1814  he  resigned  the 
Governorship  to  become  Postmaster-General  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  position  he  served  with  distinguished 
ability  under  Presidents  Madison  and  Monroe.  He  retired 
from  the  office  in  1823,  and  died  at.  Marietta,  March  29th, 
1825.  In  mind  and  personal  appearance  he  was  a states- 
man of  the  old  school.  He- was  tall  and  erect  in  figure, 
with  a shapely  head  and  aquiline  nose,  and  had  altogether 
a very  fine  presence. 


C/oV 


HERW'OOD,  ISAAC  R.,  ex-Secretary  of  State, 


ex-Member  of  Congress,  Journalist,  and  Lawyer, 
was  born,  August  15th,  1835.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  the  Hudson  River  In- 
stitute, Claverack,  New  York,  subsequently  enter- 
ing Antioch  College,  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio. 
From  Antioch  he  went  to  the  Western  Law  School,  at 
Cleveland,  where  he  applied  himself  assiduously  to  the 
study  of  law.  Having  a taste  for  journalism,  he  located  at 
Bryan,  Williams  county,  Ohio,  in  1857,  where  he  established 
the  Williams  Coun/y  Gazitte,  a Radical  Republican  news- 
paper. He  soon  showed  himself  a writer  of  force,  and  was 
brought  into  prominent  notice.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
Probate  Judge  of  Williams  county,  which  office  he  filled 


creditably  until  he  resigned  to  defend  his  country.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  to  respond  to  the  call  to  arms.  On  the 
1 8th  of  April,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  14th  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  this  capacity  he  served 
four  months  in  West  Virginia,  taking  part  in  the  fights  of 
Laurel  Mouutain,  Cheat  River,  and  Carrick’s  Ford.  He 
then  received  a Lieutenant’s  commission  in  the  liith  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  appointed  Adjutant 
of  his  regiment,  and  served  in  that  position  through  the 
Buell  campaign  of  1862,  in  Kentucky.  On  the  ist  of  Feb- 
ruary, at  the  unanimous  request  of  the  field  and  line  officers, 
he  was  commissioned  Major  of  his  regiment.  He  fought 
against  John  Morgan  and  bore  a brave  part  in  the  East 
Tennessee  campaign.  He  led  the  skirmishers  of  Burnside’s 
army  in  the  retreat  from  Huff  s Ferry  to  Lenore.  He  com- 
manded his  regiment  at  Huffs  h’erry,  siege  of  Knoxville, 
Campbell’s  Station,  Blane’s  Cross  Roads,  Dandridge,  Straw- 
berry Plains,  Mossy  Creek,  and  Loudon.  On  February 
I2th,  1864,  he  was  made  a Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  from 
that  time  until  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  in  command  of 
his  regiment.  After  his  promotion  he  was  in  the  engage- 
ments at  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Burnt  Hickory,  Dallas, 
Pine  Mountain,  Lost  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Chatta- 
hoochie,  Decatur,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Utoy  Creek,  Atlanta, 
Lovejoy,  Columbia,  and  Franklin.  For  gallantry  in  the 
latter  engagement  he  was  made  a Brevet  Brigadier-General. 
He  was  then  transferred  to  the  East,  in  time  to  go  through 
the  North  Carolina  campaign.  He  was  in  the  two  days’ 
fighting  at  Nashville,  and  in  the  last  charge,  on  the  l6lh  of 
December,  1864,  captured  three  stands  of  colors  and  a large 
number  of  prisoners.  In  the  North  Carolina  campaign  he 
did  good  service  at  Fort  Anderson,  Tom  Creek,  and  Raleigh, 
being  present  at  the  final  surrender  at  Durham’s  Station. 
At  the  close  of  the  war.  General  Sherwood  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  Commissioner  of  the  Freedmen’s  Bureau  for  the 
State  of  Florida,  but  he  immediately  resigned.  He  returned 
to  Ohio,  published  the  Toledo  Commercial,  sold  out  to 
Clark  Waggoner  in  1866,  and  accepted  a position  on  the 
Cleveland  Leader,  remaining  there  until  1868,  when  he 
was  elected  Secretary  of  State,  and  filled  the  office  for  two 
successive  terms.  In  1872  he  was  sent  to  Congress  from 
the  Sixth  Ohio  District.  While  in  Congress  he  was  a mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  on  Railroads  and  Canals.  At  the  end 
of  his  term  he  returned  to  practise  law  at  Bryan,  Ohio. 


^Ir^EARlNG,  HON.  PAUL,  was  born  in  Wareham, 
Plymouth  county,  Massachusetts,  F'ebruary  28th, 
1762.  His  parents  were  farmers,  with  no  preten- 
sions to  distinction.  He  graduated  from  college 
in  1785,  and  entered  upon  a course  of  legal  study, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1787.  At  this  time 
the  most  important  topic  of  conversation  in  New  England 
was  the  great  Ohio  Land  Company,  just  forming,  and  he 


BIOGRAI’HICAL  ENCVCLOI’.EDIA. 


449 


dee  ded  to  visit  the  scene  of  the  proposed  settlement.  lie  j 
arrived  at  his  destination,  June  i6th,  1788.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  the  Northwest  Territory  the  same  year. 
In  1795  he  was  married  to  Cynthia  Rouse,  and  had  also 
become  at  this  time -one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  Terri- 
tory. In  1797  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  * 
AVashington  county.  lie  was  a member  of  the  Legislature  ! 
in  iSoo,  and  was  a delegate  to  Congress  the  following  year. 
He  was  among  the  very  first  settlers  of  Ohio  to  engage  in 
the  raising  of  merino  sheep,  since  become  a great  industry, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  successful  growers  in  his  section. 
He  held  various  civil  offices  after  his  term  in  Congress. 
He  died  August  21st,  1822,  his  wife  dying  the  same  day. 


EWCOMB,  ALEXANDER  H..  ex-Mayor  of 
Toledo,  was  born,  August  6th,  1824,  in  Waterloo, 
New  York.  In  1835  he  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  h.as  since  made  his 
home.  His  father,  Eleazer  Newcomb,  was  a sol- 
dier in  the  war. of  1812,  his  grandfather  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and  his  great-grandfather.  Captain 
Bayes  Newcomb,  fought  in  the  French  war  of  1757.  His 
paternal  ancestors  came  to  this  country  from  England,  in 
about  1650,  and  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  New 
England.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Walter  Taylor,  was  a 
captain  in  the  revolutionary  army.  In  1856  Mr.  Newcomb 
lost  his  right  hand  by  the  premature  discharge  of  a cannon, 
at  a Whig  mass-meeting.  When  the  Whig  party  ceased  to 
exist,  he  naturally  found  a political  home  in  the  Republi- 
can party,  to  which  he  still  belongs.  He  is  a prominent 
and  zealous  Free  Mason,  having  been  made  in  Toledo 
Lodge  in  March,  1851.  In  December  of  1854  he  was 
elected  Worshipful  Master  of  his  lodge,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  for  twelve  years.  For  thirteen  years  he  was 
Grand  Lecturer  for  the  Third  Ohio  District.  In  October 
of  1867  he  was  elected  Grand  Senior  Warden  of  the  Grand 
I.odge  of  Ohio,  being  re-elected  in  the  following  year.  In 
October  of  1869  he  was  elected  Grand  Master,  and  served 
as  such  for  three  consecutive  terms.  During  Mr.  New- 
comb’s administration  as  Grand  Master,  the  Earl  De  Grey 
and  Ripon,  Grand  Master  of  England,  visited  Washington 
on  business  for  his  government.  A banquet  of  unusual 
elegance  was  given  by  the  Masonic  fraternity  to  the  Earl 
De  Grey  and  Ripon,  and  at  this  Grand  Master  Newcomb 
was  present  by  invitation.  Mr.  Newcomb  is  a member  of 
P'oit  Meigs  Chapter,  Toledo  Council,  Royal  and  Select 
Masons,  and  of  Toledo  Commandery,  No.  7,  Knights  Temp- 
lar. He  was  a Justice  of  the  Peace  from  1857  to  i860, 
when  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Toledo.  Mr.  Newcomb  has 
seen  Toledo  grow  from  a small  village  into  a busy,  thriving 
city  of  sixty  thousand  inhabitants — a growth  in  which  he 
has  borne  a creditable  part. 

57 


ARFIELI),  GENERAL  JAMES  ABRAM,  was 
born,  November  19th,  1831,  in  Orange,  Cuya- 
hoga county,  Ohio.  His  father,  Abram  Garfield, 
belonged  to  an  old  Massachusetts  family,  while 
eibT'j  his  mother,  Eliza  (Ballou)  Garfield,  was  a rela- 
tive  of  the  celebrated  Hosea  Ballou,  and  was 
from  the  State  of  New  Hampshire.  The  father  died  in 
1833,  leaving  a family  of  four  children.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  the  township  of  Orange.  The  widowed 
mother  kept  together  her  fatherless  little  ones,  of  whom 
James  A.  was  the  youngest.  Hard  manual  labor  fell  to  his 
lot  at  a tender  age,  for  at  fourteen  he  was  working  at  car- 
pentering, and  two  years  later  had  a few  months  experience 
as  a boatman  on  the  Ohio  canal.  But  a love  for  study  was 
inherent  in  his  nature,  and,  like  the  lamented  Lincoln,  the 
severest  physical  labor  could  not  restrain  his  desire  to  read 
the  thoughts  of  great  authors.  The  age  of  seventeen  found 
him  in  the  Geauga  .Seminary  at  Chester,  Ohio,  and  a little 
later  in  the  Eclectic  Institute,  then  but  recently  established 
at  Hiram.  True  to  the  experience  of  many  of  oiu'  public 
men,  he  was  a teacher  in  the  common  schools  long  before 
he  had  completed  his  education.  He  taught  for  several 
terms,  and  was  then  made  an  assistant  in  the  institution  at 
Hiram.  In  1854  he  entered  the  senior  class  of  Williams 
College,  Massachusetts,  and  took  at  once  high  rank  as  a 
scholar.  His  quick  discernment  and  application  brought 
him  to  the  favorable  notice’of  the  venerable  President  Hop- 
kins, and  when  he  was  graduated,  in  1856,  he  carried  off 
one  of  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  In  obtaining  his 
education  he  was  entirely  dependent  upon  his  own  scanty 
resources.  These,  with  some  small  loans  (subsequently 
paid  in  full),  placed  him  among  the  ranks  of  the  nation’s 
thinkers.  Immediately  after  graduating,  he  entered  upon 
the  profession  of  a college  tutor,  being  given  the  chair  of 
Ancient  Languages  and  Literature  in  the  institution  at 
Hiram.  In  the  following  year  he  was  honored  by  an  elec- 
tion as  Principal.  Thoroughly  devoted  to  his  work,  he 
soon  rai.sed  the  already  flourishing  school  to  a much  higher 
standard  as  an  institution  of  learning,  and  extended  its 
patronage  far  and  wide.  Previous  to  this  lime  he  had 
taken  no  part  in  politics.  But  he  was  naturally  a politician 
in  the  broad  sense  of  the  term,  and  an  era  was  dawning 
upon  the  country  that  was  bound  to  claim  his  attention  and 
the  activities  of  his  intellect.  The  Republican  party  had 
entered  upon  its  first  campaign  with  P'reniont  as  its  standard 
bearer.  The  spirit  of  its  platform  enlisted  his  warmest 
sympathies,  and  he  followed  it  and  shared  in  the  sorrow  of 
its  defeat.  In  1859  he  was  elected  by  that  parly  a member 
of  the  Ohio  Senate,  and  took  his  seat  as  the  youngest  mem- 
ber of  that  body,  hut  soon  earned  a reputation  as  a legisla- 
tor of  ability,  industry,  and  usefulness.  Before  the  close  of 
his  legislative  labors,  the  slaveholders’  rebellion  broke  out. 
He  soon  entered  the  service  of  his  country  as  a champion 
of  the  Union.  He  was  chosen,  in  the  autumn  of  1861, 
Colonel  of  the  42d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  largely 


450 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


recniited  by  himself.  At  its  head  he  entered  eastern  Ken- 
tucky in  December  of  the  same  year,  and  was  immediately 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  i8th  Brigade  of  the  Army 
of  the  Ohio.  As  comm.ander  of  this  brigade  he  conducted 
a very  successful  wfinter  campaign  against  a force  of  rebels 
under  Humphrey  Marshall.  His  battles  were  the  first  sig- 
nal successes  of  the  Union  forces  in  the  West,  and  their  re- 
sult was  the  expulsion  of  the  rebel  forces  from  eastern  Ken- 
tucky. The  fame  of  his  achievements  spread  through  the 
country,  and  were  commented  upon  in  glowing  terms  by 
the  new'spapers  of  the  day.  His  personal  bravery  was  con- 
spicuous on  every  field,  and  his  services  received  prompt 
recognition  by  his  promotion  to  the  grade  of  Brigadier- 
General.  He  now  joined  the  army  of  Geneial  Buell.  At 
the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  in  the  operations  around  Corinth, 
Decatur,  and  Huntsville,  he  commanded  the  20th  Brigade. 
In  November,  1862,  he  was  summoned  to  Washington,  and 
sat  as  a member  of  the  court-martial  that  tried  General  Fitz 
John  Porter.  In  January,  1863,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  under  command  of  Rosecrans, 
who  at  once  made  him  Chief  of  Staff.  Here  he  rendered 
distinguished  services,  and  was  the  confidential  adviser  of 
the  commander-in-chief.  He  was  in  all  the  engagements 
of  that  army  in  middle  and  southern  Tennessee,  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  bloody  battle  of  Chickamauga.  For 
services  in  that  engagement  he  received  a Major-General’s 
commission.  His  military  career  now  closed,  for,  on  the 
5th  of  December,  1863,  he  resigned  to  enter  another  field 
of  duty.  During  his  brief  but  eventful  career  as  a soldier, 
he  made  a most  brilliant  record,  and  won  his  epaulettes  by 
hard  fighting  in  the  saddle.  He  had  been  elected  to  Con- 
gress from  the  Nineteenth  Ohio  District,  and  took  his  seat 
immediately  on  leaving  the  army.  The  nation  lost  a sol- 
dier, but  received  a patriot  into  its  councils.  He  has  served 
in  every  Congress  from  that  date  to  this,  and  with  distin- 
guished success.  He  has  served  at  the  head  of  the  most 
important  committees  of  the  House,  and  his  voice  has 
abvays  commanded  attention  whenever  an  important  meas- 
ure was  under  consideration.  He  introduced  and  carried 
through  the  bill  creating  the  National  Bureau  of  Education, 
and  has  since  defended  it  against  all  assaults.  His  speeches 
on  the  country’s  finances  alone  have  gained  for  him  a high 
reputation  as  a student  of  national  affairs.  An  exhaustive 
and  able  speech  on  currency  and  finance,  made  by  him  in 
1868,  at  the  request  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and 
sent  to  our  ministers  abroad  as  a means  of  strengthening  the 
public  credit,  w'as  so  well  received  that  he  was  elected  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Cobden  Club  of  London,  Charles 
Sumner  being  the  only  other  member  of  Congress  on  its 
list.  Congressional  and  military  duties,  however,  have  not 
claimed  all  his  time  and  attention  since  his  education  was 
finished.  In  the  spring  of  1861,  after  a full  course  of  study, 
he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the  Siqireme  Court  of  Ohio, 
and  five  years  later  he  obtained  the  same  standing  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Also,  in  the  field  of 


literature,  his  papers  and  addresses  have  a high  degree  of 
merit.  Prominent  among  these  we  cite  “ The  American 
Census,”  read  before  the  Suci.rl  Science  Association  ; his 
addresses  on  “ College  Education,”  and  “ The  Future  of  the 
Republic,”  and  his  “Eulogy”  on  Major-General  George 
H.  Thomas.  As  a public  speaker,  though  not  in  every 
sense  an  orator,  he  is  powerful  and  convincing.  While  a 
teacher  at  Hiram  he  occasionally  filled  the  pulpit  as  a lay 
member  of  his  chosen  church,  the  Disciples,  and  was  always 
a favorite  with  his  hearers.  This,  no  doubt,  led  to  his 
being  known  during  the  war,  more  or  less,  as  the  “ preacher- 
soldier.”  In  society  he  is  a general  favorite,  and  very 
popular  with  both  parties  in  his  district.  When  the  Re- 
publican party  met  at  Waterloo  in  1874,  and  when  the  suc- 
cesses of  the  Democrats  were  a problem  even  to  themselves, 
he  was  one  of  the  comparatively  few  Republicans  re-elected 
to  Congress ; and  it  may  be  said  that  his  private  character 
had  much  to  do  with  this,  for  whatever  criticism  may  be 
passed  upon  his  public  life  by  political  opponents,  his  social 
position  is  spotless  and  unsullied.  Many  efforts  have  been 
made  to  throw  discredit  upon  his  acts  and  motives  in  con- 
nection with  certain  measures  before  Congress,  and  these 
have  been  to  some  little  extent  successful,  but  only  in  a 
party  sense.  Always  enjoying  the  unbounded  confidence 
of  the  Republicans,  he  has  succeeded  in  vindicating  him- 
self in  the  minds  of  all  but  the  most  blindly  partisan  of  his 
political  opponents.  He  has  met  investigation  and  criti- 
cism fairly  and  squarely  at  every  point,  and  passed  the 
ordeal  to  the  full  satisfaction,  at  least,  of  his  intelligent  con- 
stituents, the  great  majority  of  whom  have  supported  him 
as  a politician,  and  not  a few  followed  him  to  victory  on 
the  field  of  battle.  In  1872  Williams  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.,  as  a recognition 
of  his  scholarly  qualities.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in 
1858  with  Lucretia  Rudolph,  of  Hiram,  and  the  union  has 
been,  in  every  respect,  a happy  one. 

c)  ^ CHLEICH,  GENERAL  NEWTON,  Lawyer  and 
Soldier,  was  born,  March  6th,  1828,  in  Fairfield 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  John  D.  and  Mary 
,\cy°  (Holderman)  Schleich.  His  father  was  a native 
of  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  a carpenter  by 
trade,  and  was  also  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits; his  mother  came  from  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania. 
General  Schleich  was  educated  at  the  Greenfield  Academy, 
and  after  leaving  school  commenced  the  study  of  law  with 
Governor  Medill,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850. 
He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  connection  with 
his  preceptor,  and  continued  with  him  a year.  He  then 
formed  a legal  copartnership  with  Hon.  Charles  G.  Martin, 
member  of  Congress,  which  terminated  in  1864,  since 
which  time  he  has  practised  alone.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Senate  in  1858,  on  the  Democratic 


I’.IOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.IDIA. 


451 


ticket,  and  re-elected  in  i860.  He  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  State  militia  for  many  years  prior  to 
1S61,  having  filled  every  office  and  rank  from  Orderly  Ser- 
geant to  Brigadier-General.  On  April  17th,  1861,  he 
responded  to  President  Lincoln’s  call,  and  commenced 
organizing  troops  for  service.  At  that  date  he  was  Briga- 
dier-General of  Militia;  but  on  April  2gth,  1861,  he  was 
commissioned  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers,  and  pro- 
ceeded at  once  to  the  field.  He  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Rich  Mountain,  in  West  Virginia,  and  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  the  Army  of  Virginia,  commanded,  at  various 
times,  by  Major-Generals  Fremont,  Sigel,  and  Pope.  He 
was  present  at  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Freeman’s 
Ford,  and  Second  Bull  Run.  He  resigned  from  the  ser- 
vice early  in  1863,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, which  is  a leading  and  lucrative  one.  He  was  married, 
July  24th,  1851,  to  Margaret  Hay,  of  Fairfield  county— a 
cousin  of  John  Hay,  the  poet — and  is  the  father  of  seven 
children,  one  son  and  six  daughters. 


3^  TORER,  HON.  BELLAMY,  LL.D.,  Lawyer,  was 
born  at  Portland,  Maine,  March  26th,  1796.  He 
prepared  for  college  under  the  tutorship  of  Ed- 
ward Payson,  D.  D.,  and  Ebenezer  Adams,  late 
Professor  at  Dartmouth  College.  He  exhibited 
rare  natural  ability  for  learning,  and  was  able  to 
enter  Bowdoin  College  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  in  August, 
1809.  But  without  graduating  he  entered  upon  the  study 
of  the  law  under  the  direction  of  Chief- Justice  Parker,  in 
Boston.  He  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817,  and 
shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Cincinnati,  was  readmitted, 
and  at  once  commenced  the  practice  in  that  city.  In  recog- 
nition of  his  literary  attainments,  Bowdoin  College,  in  1821, 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  He  soon 
actpiired  a high  rank  in  his  profession,  as  well  as  among 
the  active  and  public-spirited  men  of  the  city.  He  belonged 
to  the  Whig  party,  which  had  long  been  in  the  minority  in 
his  Congressional  District.  In  1834  he  was  selected  as  the 
candidate  of  his  party,  made  the  race,  under  the  most  ex- 
citing circumstances,  against  the  friend  of  the  administra- 
tion, General  Robert  T.  Lytle,  and  was  elected  by  a large 
majority  to  represent  Cincinnati  in  Congress.  His  career 
in  Congress  was  noted  for  that  same  high  integrity  of  pur- 
pose which  had  marked  his  professional  and  private  life. 
His  vigorous  and  graceful  eloquence  won  for  him  a distin- 
guished position  among  the  public  men  of  the  time.  His 
effective  support  of  General  Harrison,  who  had  long  been 
his  warm  personal  friend,  did  much  toward  the  election  of 
that  gallant  chief  as  President  of  the  United  States.  After 
the  expiration  of  his  Congressional  term  he  vigorously  re- 
newed the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Cincinnati.  He 
continued  active  in  all  matters  of  public  interest,  and  fre- 
quently joined  in  political  contests  throughout  the  State. 


In  1844  he  was  Presidential  Elector  on  the  Whig  ticket, 
and  cast  his  vote  for  Clay.  The  new  Constitution,  which 
for  the  first  time  required  the  election  of  judges  by  the 
people,  having  taken  effect  in  1852,  he  was  without  his 
knowledge  put  in  nomination  for  the  Supreme  Bench  by 
the  Whig  party,  and  although  defeated,  led  his  ticket  by 
several  thousand  votes.  In  1854  he  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati,  holding  the  position  until 
1872 — a period  of  eighteen  years — at  which  time  he  re- 
signed. The  act  creating  this  court  provided  that  the  first 
judges  elected  should  cast  lots  for  their  respective  terms — 
three,  four,  and  five  years.  O.  M.  Spencer  and  William  Y. 
Gohlson  were  the  colleagues,  but  the  short  term  of  three 
years  fell  to  him.  He  was  continually  re-elected,  and  dur- 
ing this  long  judicial  career  established  a degree  of  profes- 
sional and  personal  popularity  rarely  attained  by  a lawyer. 
In  1855  he  accepted  a Professorship  in  the  Cincinnati  Law 
College,  which  position  he  filled  honorably  for  many  years, 
in  addition  to  his  other  duties.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
Emeritus  Professor  in  that  institution.  Bowdoin  and  Ken- 
yon Colleges  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  I.L.  D.,  and 
for  a time  he  was  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Bow- 
doin. On  retiring  from  the  Superior  Bench  he  resumed 
practice  with  his  son,  Bellamy  Storer,  Jr.,  who  had  been 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869;  but  in  two  or  three  years  he 
retired  from  active  work,  and  soon  after,  on  June  ist,  1875, 
died. 


RANE,  CHARLES  A.,  was  born,  January  nth, 
1817,  in  Boardman  township,  Mahoning  county, 
Ohio.  He  worked  on  his  father’s  farm  and  at- 
tended the  district  school  until  he  was  thirteen 
years  of  age,  when  the  family  removed  to  Port 
Laurence,  then  a new  town  on  the  Maumee,  and 
now'  grown  into  the  city  of  Toledo.  When  Charles  was 
fifteen  years  of  age  he  fancied  a sailor’s  life,  and  accord- 
ingly went  on  the  lakes  for  two  years.  In  1834  he  entered 
a store  in  Toledo,  remaining  in  that  situation  tw'o  years,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  he  entered  the  warehouse  of  a 
transportation  company  and  stayed  there  until  1839.  In 
this  year  he  joined  the  late  l.yman  Wheeler,  and  formed 
the  firm  of  Wheeler  & Crane,  rectifiers  and  grocers,  on 
Monroe  street,  Toledo.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he  sold 
his  interest  to  Mr.  W’heeler,  and  did  business  on  his  own 
account  on  the  jiier.  He  was  again  in  the  transportation 
business  for  two  years,  until  1845,  when  he  acceirted  a 
position  in  the  banking  house  of  Prentice,  Due  & Co.  for 
two  years.  He  was  in  the  office  of  Thomas  Watkins  & Co., 
on  the  dock,  from  1847  to  1853,  when  he  moved  on  a farm 
on  the  East  .Side.  For  the  next  ten  years  he  cultivated  his 
farm  and  dealt  in  real  estate.  He  now  resides  in  East 
Toledo,  and  still  operates  in  real  estate.  For  fifteen  years 
Mr.  Crane  has  been  a Managing  Director  of  the  Lucas 
County  Infirmary.  He  was  originally  a Democrat,  but 


452 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  has  been  a Republican.  In 
June  of  1S40  he  was  married  to  Lorain  Eassett,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Fassett,  of  Toledo.  IIis  first  wife  dying  in  1842,  he 
contracted  a second  marriage,  in  1S47,  with  Mary  A.  Hill, 
daughter  of  Ellis  Hill,  of  Jefferson  county.  New  York.  No 
children  have  been  born  to  him. 


IFFIN,  EDWARD,  first  Governor  of  Ohio,  was 
born  in  Carlisle,  England,  June  19th,  1766.  His 
parents  were  in  moderate  circumstances,  and  his 
uncle,  Edward  Parker,  assumed  the  responsibility 
and  e.xpense  of  his  education.  Under  the  direc- 
tion of  this  uncle  Edward  Tiffin  was  fitted  for  the 
study  of  medicine,  upon  which  he  entered  at  an  early  age. 
Before  he  had  finished  his  medical  course,  however,  and 
when  he  was  only  eighteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica with  his  parents,  landing  in  New  York.  He  at  once 
proceeded  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  finished  his  course  of 
medical  lectures  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Having 
graduated,  he  rejoined  his  father’s  family,  who  had  settled 
in  Charlestown,  Berkeley  county,  Virginia,  and  there  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  when  he  was  only 
twenty  years  old.  He  had  been  thoroughly  trained  for  his 
calling,  and  he  speedily  became  a very  successful  practi- 
tioner, with  a fine  reputation  and  a large  and  lucrative 
practice.  His  social  graces  appear  to  have  been  equal  to 
his  professional  attainments,  and  he  became  the  favorite  in 
the  gay  and  fashionable  circles  of  Berkeley.  He  married, 
in  1789,  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  Worthington  and  sister 
of  Governor  Worthington,  a woman  of  high  intelligence 
and  fine  culture,  with  whom  he  lived  happily  for  nearly 
twenty  years.  In  1796  he  removed  to  Ohio  with  his  family, 
and  in  company  with  Messrs.  Lucas,  Worthington,  and 
others,  settled  at  Chillicothe,  then  but  recently  laid  out  by 
General  Massie.  The  whole  surrounding  country  was  a 
vast  forest,  but  the  settlements,  though  few  and  far  between, 
were  rapidly  increasing.  The  doctor  selected  a four-acre 
lot  at  the  upper  end  of  the  settlement,  and  thereon  built  the 
first  house  in  that  region  that  was  covered  by  a shingle 
roof.  He  continued  his  professional  practice  and  rapidly 
found  abundant  patronage.  As  a physician  and  surgeon  he 
stood  in  the  front  rank  of  the  men  of  his  time.  Absorbed 
as  he  was  in  his  professional  duties,  however,  he  still  found 
time  to  give  keen  and  broad  attention  to  affairs  at  large. 
The  people  recognized  his  abilities  and  elected  him  to  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  and  so  his  political  life  began.  The 
Legislature  met  in  Cincinnati  on  September  l8th,  1799, 
when  Cincinnati  was  but  a straggling  collection  of  frame 
houses  and  log  cabins,  lying  under  the  protection  of  Fort 
Washington.  Dr.  Tiffin  was  unanimously  elected  Speaker 
of  the  House,  a position  which  he  retained  to  the  end  of 
the  Territorial  government.  He  frequently  took  part  in 
the  debates,  and  is  described  as  an  eloquent  and  impassioned 


debater.  In  the  autumn  of  1S02  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
Delegates  from  Ross  county  to  a Convention  to  form  a 
State  Constitution.  The  Convention  met  iii  Chillicothe  in 
the  November  lol'owing,  and  he  was  chosen  its  President. 
His  eminent  qualities  in  this  position  so  impressed  the 
members  of  the  Convention  that  at  the  conclusion  of  its 
labors  they  brought  him  forward  as  candidate  for  Governor 
of  the  new  State.  He  was  elected  to  that  office  in  January, 
1803,  without  opposition,  receiving  4565  votes.  In  October, 
1805,  he  was  unanimously  re-elected  Governor,  receiving 
4783  votes.  At  the  expiration  of  his  second  term  he  was 
urgently  called  upon  to  accept  the  office  for  a third  term, 
but  he  persistently  declined.  The  most  notable  event  of  his 
career  as  Governor  was  the  arrest  of  the  Burr-Blennerhassett 
e.xpedition,  in  1806.  In  the  latter  part  of  that  year  Burr 
collected  numerous  boats  and  quantities  of  stores  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Blennerhassett’s  Island,  below  Marietta. 
Governor  Tiffin  learning  that  the  expedition  was  ready  to 
sail,  despatched  a courier  to  the  commandant  at  Marietta, 
directing  him  to  occupy  a position  below  the  island,  where, 
with  a field  battery,  he  could  command  the  channel.  Burr, 
seeing  that  his  plans  were  discovered  and  that  he  could  not 
run  the  blockade,  abandoned  the  expedition  and  fled.  For 
his  prompt  and  effective  action  on  this  occasion  Governor 
Tiffin  was  warmly  praised  by  the  p’^ess  of  the  Eastern 
States,  and  President  Jefferson,  in  his  letter  to  the  Ohio 
Legislature,  I'ebruary  2d,  1807,  highly  commends  the 
Governor  for  his  promptness  and  energy  in  destroying  the 
expedition.  When  his  term  of  office  as  Governor  expired, 
in  1807,  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator,  and  took 
his  seat  in  December,  John  Adams  presenting  liis  creden- 
tials. While  in  the  Senate  he  procured  the  passage  of 
many  acts  of  great  impoitance  to  Ohio.  His  wife  died  in 
1808,  and  he  was  so  overwhelmed  by  his  liereavement  he 
determined  to  abandon  jmblic  life,  and  therefore,  at  the 
close  of  the  session,  in  March,  1S09,  he  resigned  his  posi- 
tion. Returning  home  he  settled  on  his  farm  and  devoted 
himself  to  agriculture,  resuming,  also,  his  medical  practice. 
He  was  not  allowed  to  remain  long  out  of  public  life,  and 
at  the  fall  election  he  was  chosen  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  unanimously  elected  .Speaker  of  the  House,  a position 
which  he  continued  to  hold  for  several  successive  sessions. 
In  the  meantime  he  married  again,  uniting  himself  to  Mary 
Porter,  from  Delaware,  a woman  of  exceeding  personal 
beauty,  pleasing  manners,  and  the  most  exemplary  piety. 
During  the  first  term  of  President  Madison's  administration 
Congress  passed  the  act  creating  the  office  of  Commissioner 
of  the  General  Land  Office,  and  to  this  newly-created  posi- 
tion Mr.  Madison  appointed  Governor  Tiffin.  He  accepted 
the  position  and  administered  its  duties  with  the  highest 
ability.  His  desire  to  be  at  his  home  in  Ohio  induced 
President  Madison  eventually  to  consent  to  his  transfer  from 
the  office  of  General  Land  Commissioner  to  that  of  Sur- 
veyor-General of  the  West,  with  the  privilege  of  locating 
his  office  at  Chillicothe.  This  position  he  continued  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E NC  \'  C LO  PA'I  D I A . 


453 


hold  through  successive  administrations  for  nearly  fifteen 
years,  and  until  within  a few  weeks  of  his  death.  Indeed, 
he  was  on  his  death-bed  when  he  made  over  his  office  to 
his  successor.  He  was  reared  in  the  Church  of  England, 
but  in  1790  he  and  his  wife  united  with  the  Methodist 
Church.  He  was  consecrated  a lay  preacher  in  that 
church,  and  he  continued,  on  occasion,  to  perform  the 
functions  of  that  office.  He  retired  from  the  practice  of  his 
profession  as  physician  in  1812,  but  subsequently  gave  fre- 
quent gratuitous  advice  to  the  poor  and  to  many  of  his  old 
patients  who  insisted  on  consulting  him.  His  own  health 
began  to  fail  in  1820,  and  from  that  time  he  suffered  from 
a most  painful  disease  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  on  Sunday  evening,  August  9th,  1829.  His  wife 
followed  him  in  1832.  They  left  four  daughters  and  one 
son.  Three  of  the  daughters  still  live. 


i 


ATTIER,  JOHN  CORING,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  October  31st,  1808,  of  French 
and  English  ancestry,  his  parents  being  amongst 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  Miami  valley.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  Cincinnati  in  the 
best  schools  of  that  day,  and  was  also  instructed 
by  the  most  competent  private  preceptors  to  be  had  at  that 
early  period.  After  leaving  school  he  entered  the  service 
of  an  apothecary,  with  the  view  of  eventually  becoming  a 
physician;  commencing  the  study  of  medicine  in  1827, 
under  the  tutorship  of  Professors  Whitman  and  Cobb,  of  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio.  He  graduated  at  that  institution 
in  1830,  and  in  April  of  that  year  commenced  practising 
medicine  in  Indiana;  but  within  twelve  months  returned  to 
Cincinnati  and  embarked  in  the  drug  business,  in  which  he 
continued  until  1836,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  which  he  has  faithfully  prosecuted  to  the  present 
time,  except  during  seven  years  in  which  he  held  a position 
under  the  government.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1851,  serving  in  that  body  until  1853,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Pierce  Postmaster  at  Cincinnati, 
which  position  he  held  under  Pierce  and  his  successor  until 
May,  1858,  when  he  w.as  superseded,  but  was  reappointed 
in  October,  1859,  by  President  Buchanan;  holding  the 
p.isition  until  Mr.  Lincoln  became  President,  when  he  was 
removed.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Board  of  Equaliza-  ’ 
tion  in  1859,  but  resigned  the  position  to  accept  that  of 
Postmaster  tendered  him  by  President  Buchanan.  He  was 
the  first  to  move  in  the  enterprise  of  establishing  street 
railroads  in  Cincinnati,  having  organized  a company  as  ' 
early  as  1853;  but  they  failed  to  receive  the  needfid  fran- 
chises from  the  city.  In  1858  he  again  organized  a com- 
pany, and  after  spending  much  time  and  money,  finally 
secured  a grant  which  was  loaded  with  such  damaging 
restrictions  as  to  make  the  enterprise  a failure.  Dr.  Vattier 


is  a gentleman  of  stately  appearance,  a fine  practitioner,  a 
man  of  large  heart  and  liberal  views,  and  is  greatly  es- 
teemed by  the  community  in  which  he  resides. 


ANGDON,  OLIVER  MONROE,  M.  D.,  wa.s 
born,  February  2d,  1S17,  near  Columbia,  one  of 
the  suburbs  of  Cincinnati.  Oliver  Langdon,  his 
father,  was  a physician  and  a clergyman  in  the 
Methodist  Church.  About  1800  he  emigrated  to 
Hamilton  county  and  bought  a section  of  land 
embracing  Mount  Lookout,  and  extending  beyond  the  city 
limits.  Oliver  Langdon  was  one  of  the  most  esteemed  and 
valued  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  Dr.  Langdon’s 
mother  was  a daughter  of  Colonel  William  Brown,  a soldier 
of  the  Revolution,  and  with  her  parents  settled  near  Cincin- 
nati as  early  as  1789.  The  first  twelve  years  of  Dr.  Lang- 
don’s life  were  passed  in  school  and  at  home  with  his 
parents.  At  that  age,  his  parents  both  being  dead,  he  came 
to  Cincinnati  and  made  his  home  with  his  cousin.  Here, 
from  choice,  he  worked  to  support  himself,  at  the  same  time 
attending  one  of  the  best  schools  of  the  city,  there  being 
then  no  public  schools  or  educational  institutions  in  Cincin- 
nati. In  1831  he  entered  the  now  famous  Woodward  High 
School,  and  remained  until  in  1832,  when,  the  cholera 
making  its  appearance,  he  went  to  the  old  homestead  and 
remained  until  the  scourge  had  subsided.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Cincinnati  and  entered  the  Athenaeum,  now  St. 
Xavier’s  College,  at  the  same  time  working  as  before  to  pay 
his  way.  After  finishing  a course  of  two  years’  study  in  the 
Athenaeum,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 
office  of  Professor  Cobb,  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
In  due  time  he  entered  that  college  and  graduated  in  1838, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  Immediately  after  graduating,  in 
the  spring  of  1838,  he  went  to  Madison,  Indiana,  then 
thought  to  be  the  prospective  great  city,  it  having  the  first 
railroad  in  the  West.  He  remained  in  association  with  one 
of  the  first  physicians  of  the  place  until  1842,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Cincinnati  and  opened  his  office.  Soon  after- 
wards he  was  appointed  Physician  for  one  of  the  four  dis- 
tricts or  townships  into  which  the  city  was  then  divided. 
This  position  he  held  until  the  commencement  of  the  war 
with  Mexico.  He  was  then  appointed  Surgeon  in  the  4th 
Ohio  Regiment,  under  Colonel  Brough.  He  followed  the 
fortunes  of  his  regiment,  and  returned  home  with  it  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  in  1848.  He  was  present  at  the  memor- 
able trial  of  General  Scott  in  the  City  of  Mexico.  After 
returning  home  he  formed  a partnership  with  Dr.  Jesse 
Judkins  and  renewed  his  private  practice.  This  connection 
continued  unbroken  until  1859.  Soon  after  his  return  from 
Mexico  he  was  appointed  Physician  to  the  House  of  Refuge, 
and  afterwards  Physician  to  the  lunatic  asylum  at  Lick 
Run.  Both  of  these  positions  he  held  until  1856.  In  1859 
Dr.  Langdon  was  appointed  Superintendent  and  Physician 


4S4 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


of  Longview  A'jyhim,  the  new  institution  for  the  insane 
juit  completed.  11c  then,  ol  course,  removed  to  the  asylum, 
le.iving  oif  ad  private  practice.  This  important  tnust  he 
h;id  u.itil  1S70,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  long  con- 
fi.iement  and  failing  health.  About  this  lime,  during  a 
trip  made  to  California,  he  was  made  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  He  has  since  almost 
retired  from  business,  being  one  of  the  most  wealthy  physi- 
cians of  Cincinnati.  Dr.  Langdon  was  one  of  the  origin- 
ators of  the  Miami  Medical  College,  and  one  of  the  instiga- 
tors of  the  humane  movement  which  took  the  lunatics  from 
the  Old  Commercial  Hospital  to  Lick  Run,  and  finally  re- 
sulted in  the  building  of  Longview.  He  was  the  first 
Superintendent  of  Longview,  and  to  him  is  due  the  credit 
of  organizing  and  putting  that  institution  in  the  condition  it 
now  occupies  as  one  of  the  first  asylums  for  the  insane  in 
America.  He  organized  and  put  in  operation  the  first 
American  asylum  for  the  colored  insane.  This  was  estab- 
lished in  1S66,  and  made  a separate  department  at  Long- 
view. All  the  colored  insane  of  Ohio  are  now  sent  into 
this  institution.  Before  this  they  were  accommodated  in  the 
]irisons  over  the  Slate.  As  the  trustees  of  Longview  could 
not  buy  and  own  this  negro  institution,  it  was  purchased  in 
the  name  of  Dr.  Langdon,  and  is  still  held  in  trust  for  the 
county  by  him.  The  Legislature  passed  an  act  enabling 
the  trustees  of  the  asylum  to  relieve  Dr.  Langdon  of  his 
trust;  but  for  some  cause  this  has  not  been  done.  He  has 
been  one  of  the  movers  and  active  workers  in  nearly  all  the 
medical  reforms  of  his  time.  His  conduct  of  Longview 
was  eminently  successful  and  of  invaluable  service  to  the 
State  and  country.  This  position  threw  him  more  into  rela- 
tions with  the  philanthropic  and  best  men  of  the  age,  and 
their  testimonials  from  Europe  and  our  own  country  show 
the  value  they  put  on  the  work  he  himself  was  doing. 
This  institution  was  originally  styled  “The  Southwestern 
Lunatic  Asylum;”  but  in  1S61,  in  a bill  passed  by  the 
I.egislature  for  the  government  of  the  asylum,  drawn  up  by 
Dr.  Langdon,  this  name  was  changed  to  Longview.  Dr. 
Langdon  has  been  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Miami  Medi- 
cal College  since  its  foundation.  He  is  a member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society,  of  the  Cincinnati  Medical  Society,  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society,  and  of  the  American 
Medical  and  Psychological  Associ.ations. 


Lorain 


BRIEN,  REV.  PATRICK,  was  born  in  Pilltown, 
county  Wexford,  Ireland,  February  14th,  1S45. 
His  parents  belonged  to  the  peasant  class.  He 
emigrated  with  his  family  to  this  country  at  the 
age  of  thirteen.  They  landed  in  Quebec,  June 
2d,  1857,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  Elyria, 
county,  Ohio.  He  attended  school  at  the  latter 


place  for  three  years,  and  on  completing  his  sixteenth  year 
was  apprenticed  to  a tailor.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  the  preparatory  seminary  at  Louisville,  Stark 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  for  a period  of  four  years. 
During  his  collegiate  course  he  worked  at  the  tailoring 
business  part  of  the  time  for  the  purpose  of  raising  kinds  to 
pay  his  expenses.  In  1869  he  w'as  admitted  into  the  Cath- 
olic Theological  Seminary,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  Catholic  priesthood  by  Right  Rev.  Richard 
Gilmour,  July  2lst,  1872.  Since  his  ordination  he  has  offi- 
ciated in  the  Diocese  of  Cleveland,  fir.st  at  Youngstown, 
■Mahoning  county,  where  he  remained  one  year,  and  then 
at  Rockport,  Cuyahoga  county,  where  he  spent  two  years. 
Now  (March,  1876)  he  is  Pastor  of  the  Church  of  the 
Good  Shepherd,  Toledo,  Ohio.  Since  his  arrival  in  Toledo, 
which  was  in  August,  1875,  made  many  friends,  and 

as  a preacher  and  orator  he  is  very  popular  among  all  classes 
of  its  citizens.  Though  a young  man,  he  is  placed  by  com- 
petent critics  in  the  front  ranks  of  pulpit  orators  and  lyceuni 
lecturers.  He  is  fairly  idolized  in  Toledo  by  the  people 
belonging  to  his  own  denomination,  and  especially  by  the 
Irish  Catholics.  He  has  never  taken  an  active  part  in  pol- 
itics, but  he  was  an  abolitionist  before  the  emancipation  of 
the  slaves.  The  first  vote  he  ever  cast,  after  declaring  his 
allegiance  to  the  United  States  government,  was  for  an 
abolition  candidate,  nominated,  of  course,  by  the  Repub- 
lican party.  He  voted  with  the  latter  party  during  the  war 
because  he  honestly  believed  its  policy  towr.rds  the  South 
was  the  best  and  most  practicable  for  the  preservation  of 
the  Union.  Born  in  a land  that  was  subject  to  the  grinding 
laws  of  England,  and  imbibing  in  his  very  childhood  a 
hatred  of  oppression  and  oppressors,  he  naturally  sympa- 
thized with  the  poor  oppressed  negro  slaves  of  the  United 
States,  hence  his  union  with  the  Republican  party.  Since 
his  ordination  he  has  not  voted ; but  he  possesses  the  right, 
as  a naturalized  citizen,  to  vote  whenever  and  for  whomso- 
ever he  pleases.  Though  born  in  Ireland,  and  loving  the 
land  of  his  nativity,  he  is  nevertheless  proud  of  his  Ameri- 
can citizenship,  and  is  grateful  to  the  noble  land  that  gave 
him  and  his  downtrodden  countrymen  an  asylum,  and  not 
only  that,  but  conferred  on  them  the  grand  title  of  American 
citizenship,  a title  which  he  considers  superior  to  that  of 
lord  or  duke.  He  is  ardently  devoted  to  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  and  looks  upon  his  church  as  the  grandest  insti- 
tution in  the  world;  and  in  the  course  of  a lecture  delivered 
in  Toledo,  February  6th,  1876,  on  the  “American  Centen- 
nial,” before  a crowded  house  of  Protestants  and  Catholics, 
including  the  mayor  and  a number  of  the  most  prominent 
men  of  the  city,  in  referring  to  the  Catholic  Church  in  the 
United  States,  he  rose  to  one  of  the  grandest  flights  of  elo- 
quence it  was  ever  the  pleasure  of  the  writer  to  listen  to, 
recalling  to  the  minds  of  his  hearers  the  historic  orators  of 
olden  time.  The  foregoing  sketch  may  not  be  as  minute  in 
its  details  as  the  admirers  of  the  subject  would  desire;  but 
as  the  gentleman  would  only  give  the  bare  facts  of  his  his- 


Galaxy  Pub  Co 


* ,f  i*  - 

1**^* 


\, 


•> 


2 


iX 


* . *•  \y^ 

•V  * ^ ‘ ♦ 

I . / . r 


0^ 


\ 


f 


I ..C  ’ <* 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


455 


tory,  the  work  had  to  be  completed  by  a friend,  who, 
(hough  dilTering  with  him  in  religious  matters,  admires 
him  as  a patriotic  and  eloquent  clergyman. 


EET,  DANIEL  W.,  Lawyer  and  Politician,  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
September  8lh,  1835.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  that  State,  his  father  being  a farmer  and  a man 
of  prominence  therein.  He  is  a cousin  of  Jona- 
than Leet  and  of  Hon.  Isaac  Leet,  a member  of 
the  Twenty-fourth  Congress,  and  is  a descendant  on  his 
mother’s  side  of  Robert  Fullerton,  who  fought  in  the  war 
of  1S12,  as  did  also  his  grand-uncle,  Daniel  Leet,  who 
served  as  a major  in  that  war.  Daniel  W.  first  attended 
the  country  school,  in  the  summer  season  assisting  on  the 
farm,  until  he  reached  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  started 
to  Buffalo  Academy,  at  Buffalo,  near  Washington,  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  remained  here  for  two  years,  and  then  attended 
Washington  College,  where,  at  the  expiration  of  three  years, 
he  graduated  in  1856.  From  colleg;  he  returned  to  the 
farm,  and  for  the  next  four  years  was  engaged  in  farming, 
raising  and  dealing  in  sheep  and  cattle.  In  i860  he  re- 
moved to  Wellsburg,  West  Virginia,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  O.  W.  Langfitt,  and  after  three  years’ 
diligent  application,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September, 
1863.  In  the  campaign  of  1863  he  took  an  active  part, 
doing  much  service  to  the  party  by  his  eloquence.  During 
the  spring  of  1864  he  removed  to  Barnesville,  Ohio,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  with  success  until  the  fall 
of  1865,  when  he  was  taken  sick  and  was  unfitted  for  busi- 
ness for  one  year.  In  the  spring  of  1867  he  moved  to  New 
Martinsville,  West  Virginia,  and  formed  a partnership  with 
Hon.  L.  S.  Hall,  which  lasted  until  the  early  portion  of 
1868,  when  he  removed  to  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  remained  until  the  latter  portion  of  1869,  when 
he  came  to  Bellaire,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Shortly 
after  his  removal  to  Bellaire  he  commenced  the  publication 
of  the  Bellaire  Standard,  in  connection  with  J.  R.  Nuzum, 
which  he  conducted  very  successfully,  both  from  a mone- 
tary point  of  view  and  as  to  ability,  until  the  spring  of  1872, 
when  he  sold  out.  About  that  time  he  invented  and 
patented  a slate  washer,  but  as  yet  has  not  put  it  upon  the 
market.  After  selling  out  his  paper  he  was  engaged  in 
codifying  and  arranging  the  laws  of  the  city,  which  occu- 
pied him  till  the  spring  of  1873,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  connected  with  the  Wheeling  Register.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  West  Virginia,  but  was 
ineligible  owing  to  not  having  resided  in  the  State  for  a 
year.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  Gas  Inspector  of  Belmont 
county.  On  August  6th,  1864,  he  was  married  to  Jennie 
E.,  daughter  of  James  Nuzum,  a large  tobacco  dealer  of 
Barnesville,  Ohio.  Mr.  Leet  is  the  most  ])rominent  Demo- 
cratic politician  of  Bellaire,  is  a fluent  and  able  speaker. 


eloquent  in  his  speeches,  and  seems  to  hold  his  audience 
at  his  pleasure.  By  his  eloquence  he  has  given  great  aid 
to  his  party,  not  only  in  Ohio,  but  especially  in  the  cam- 
paign prior  to  the  formation  of  West  Virginia,  when  lie 
traversed  that  section  of  the  then  old  Virginia,  working 
against  the  separation.  He  has  the  credit  of  being  one  of 
the  best  party  organizers  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  Personally 
he  is  a pleasant,  sociable  gentleman,  and  one  eminently 
calculated  to  make  friends. 


APE,  EDWARD  W.,  Manufacturer,  was  born  in 
1829,  in  the  Principality  of  Lippe-Detmold,  Ger- 
many. He  went  to  school  until  he  was  fourteen 
years  of  age,  in  accordance  with  the  legal  require- 
ments of  the  fatherland,  and  was  afterwards 
apprenticed  to  a dry-goods  merchant.  He  was 
early  imbued  with  the  idea  of  making  his  home  and  fortune 
in  the  New  World,  and  in  1850  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  landing  in  New  York  city.  lie  there  entered  one 
of  the  olde.st  established  gilt-moulding  factories  in  the 
country  for  the  purpose  of  learning  the  trade.  He  remained 
in  the  establishment  five  years,  during  which  time  he 
gained  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  in  all  its  de- 
tails. Being  joined  by  his  brother  Theodore,  they  went  to 
Cincinnati  in  1S55,  and  commenced  what  was  truly  the 
first  establishment  for  the  exclusive  manufacture  of  gilt 
mouldings  west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains.  It  should  be 
observed  that  mouldings  of  every  description  then  used 
were  imported,  and  of  course  the  new  enterprise  met  with 
decided  opposition  from  those  who  had  hitherto  controlled 
the  trade.  The  growth  of  their  business  was  necessarily 
slow,  but  nevertheless  it  gradually  increased.  They  soon 
enlarged  their  line  of  products  by  manufacturing  walnut, 
veneered,  and  all  descriptions  of  domestic  wood  mouldings. 
Being  without  machinery  during  the  first  years  of  their 
adventure,  they  were  obliged  to  have  their  material  cut  in 
the  rough — from  patterns  made  in  their  own  shop — by 
establishments  which  were  engaged  in  an  entirely  different 
line  of  business.  This  difficulty  was  obviated  in  1863  by 
their  having  introduced  into  their  own  factory  the  necessary 
machinery,  operated  by  steam  power.  As  the  demand  for 
their  products  increased  they  correspondingly  augmented 
their  business  facilities,  and  they  have  recently  erected  and 
finished  their  extensive  factory  building  on  West  Canal 
street,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  Union. 
The  material  used  in  their  works  was  formerly  obtained  in 
the  city  yards;  but  they  now  procure  the  rough  lumber 
from  the  mills  of  Lake  Siqierior  and  other  northern  ])oinls, 
and  from  this  stock  every  variety  of  mouldings  used  in 
buildings  is  now  manufactured  by  the  brothers.  These 
mouldings  include  the  cornice,  wall,  window,  and  house 
ornamentations  of  gilt  and  fine  woods  so  extensively  em- 
ployed at  the  present  day.  They  also  arc  engaged  in  the 


456 


EIOGKAFIIICAL  EXCYCLO^.^:DIA. 


manufacture  of  frames  for  pictures,  glasses,  etc.  Thus  from 
the  humble  beginning,  with  a capital  of  a few  hundred  dol- 
lars, the  business  of  the  house  has  increased  to  avast  extent, 
and  their  goods  are  shipped  to  all  points  of  the  East  and 
West,  literally  from  Maine  to  California,  and  the  establish- 
ment is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  the  country.  Since 
the  inauguration  of  this  industry,  Edward  W.  Pape  has 
made  four  visits  to  Germany,  revisiting  his  home  and  kin- 
dred ; on  one  of  these  occasions  he  was  shipwrecked  in  the 
English  Channel.  He  has  taken  but  little  interest  in  politi- 
cal matters,  or  any  of  the  excitements  of  public  life.  He  is 
a member  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Cincinnati.  He  is  now 
in  the  prime  of  life,  with  an  enviable  business  reputation. 
He  has  many  friends  and  no  enemies,  and  ranks  as  one  of 
the  wealthy  manufacturers  of  the  West.  He  was  married, 
1865,  in  Germany,  to  .Sophia  Keysser. 


I EAVITT,  REV.  .SAMUEL  K.,  son  of  Thomas  C. 
Leavitt,  was  born  in  Levant,  Maine,  June  23d, 
1830.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  a farm  in  hard 
laljor,  with  no  educational  advantages  except 
those  of  the  district  school  a few  weeks  each 
year,  until  he  was  fourteen  ye.ars  of  age;  after 
which  time,  for  several  years,  there  was  added  a part  of  the 
spring  and  fall  terms  at  the  East  Corinth  Academy,  five 
miles  distant.  There  all  the  children  of  the  family,  four  in 
number,  would  rent  rooms  and  keep  house  by  themselves, 
to  save  expense  during  the  few  weeks  they  could  be  spared 
from  the  farm.  With  these  limited  advantages  he  made 
good  proficiency  in  the  natural  sciences,  the  higher  mathe- 
matics, and  the  classics,  so  that  he  commenced  teaching 
school  at  sixteen  years  of  .age,  and  followed  this  employ- 
ment every  winter  thereafter  during  his  minority,  working 
on  the  farm  in  the  summer.  At  home  he  spent  all  his 
spare  hours  in  hard  study,  often  working  till  late  in  the 
night,  and  sometimes  going  a few  miles  twice  each  week  to 
recite.  Having  a little  money,  saved  from  teaching  and 
other  kinds  of  labor  occasionally  performed,  he  entered 
Colby  University  in  1851,  where  he  graduated  in  1855, 
having  completed  the  regular  college  course  of  study. 
Employing  his  winter  vacations,  and  occasionally  a college 
term,  in  teaching  at  a good  salary,  and  practising  rigid  econ- 
omy, he  managed  to  support  himself,  and  nearly  meet  the 
expenses  of  his  education,  leaving  only  a small  debt  to  pay 
afterwards.  During  the  first  year  of  college  life  he  was 
converted,  and  became  deeply  interested  in  the  study  of 
the  Bible.  After  a long  and  hard  struggle  to  find  the  truth, 
with  strong  prejudices  to  overcome,  his  mind  settled  upon 
the  views  and  practices  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  in 
the  early  part  of  1855  he  was  baptized  in  the  Connecticnl 
river,  and  united  with  the  Second  Baptist  Church  in 
Plolyoke,  Massachusetts,  where  he  was  then  teaching. 
Leaving  college,  he  commenced  studying  law  with  the 


Hon.  Josiah  H.  Drummond,  at  Waterville,  Maine,  but 
after  a few  months  left  the  law  office  to  teach  the  Tifgh 
school  at  Hallowell.  In  the  summer  of  1857  he  went  to 
Evansville,  Indiana,  where  for  several  years  he  taught  and 
studied  law  at  the  same  time,  in  the  office  of  H.  Q.  Wheeler. 
There  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  under  very  favorable  circumstances,  holding 
at  the  same  time  an  important  office  in  connection  with  the 
public  schools,  and  soon  after  forming  a law  partnership 
with  S.  R.  Hornbrook.  In  1S62  they  assisted  in  recruiting 
the  65th  Regiment  Indiana  Infantry  Volunteers,  in  which 
they  both  received  commissions  as  officers,  and  served  to 
the  end  of  the  war.  During  this  service  Mr.  Leavitt  was 
several  times  appointed  Judge  Advocate,  to  conduct  impor- 
tant trials  at  courts-martial,  and  was  detached  as  P(  st- 
(Juartermaster  and  Commissary  at  Smithland,  Kentucky, 
and  afterwards  as  Division  Commissary  in  the  cavalry  com- 
mand under  General  Israel  Garrard.  In  the  Georgia  and 
North  Carolina  campaigns,  under  General  Sherman,  he 
commanded  his  company,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service 
with  the  regiment  as  Captain  in  July,  1865.  Returning  to 
Evansville,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  holding  also  for 
a while  the  office  of  City  Treasurer,  to  which  he  was  twice 
elected  ; and  the  law  partnership  between  him  and  S.  R. 
Hornbrook  was  .afterwards  renewed.  In  the  spring  of  1870, 
feeling  called  to  the  ministry,  he  closed  up  his  law  business, 
sold  his  possessions,  and  was  ordained  to  preach  by  the 
First  Baptist  Church  in  Evansville,  where  he  had  long  been 
a member,  and  for  several  years  an  ordained  deacon.  He 
was  immediately  called  to  the  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  he  enjoyed  a pleasant  and 
successful  p.astorate,  till  December,  1872,  when  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Cincinnati,  where  he 
has  since  labored.  He  has  been  twice  married  : in  August, 
1859,  to  Mary  E.  Armstrong,  of  Niagara  Falls,  New  A'ork, 
who  died  in  a month  afterwards,  and  in  .September,  1866, 
to  Abbie  A.  P'lsher,  of  Bangor,  Maine,  who  is  still  living. 


r,/.>if!liOWEN,WILLIAM  MEADE,  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature, was  born  in  Logan,  Ohio,  April  13th,  1830. 
His  father  was  a mechanic,  from  Maryland  ; his 
mother  a Virginian  and  a descendant  of  Sir 
Thomas  Drake.  William  Meade  attended  the 
district  school  at  Logan  until  he  was  sixteen  years 
of  age,  when  he  entered  a dry-goods  store  as  clerk,  remain- 
ing there  for  five  years.  He  pursued  this  vocation  until 
1854,  when  he  graduated  from  the  Commercial  College  at 
Columbus,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Five-Mile  Furnace. 
There  he  remained  until  the  furnace  suspended  operations, 
in  the  financial  crash  of  1857.  For  the  next  year  he  con- 
ducted a drug  store  in  Logan,  closing  out  that  business  to 
accept  the  position  of  Cashier  of  the  Citizens’  Bank.  He 
remained  in  the  bank  until  July  of  1861,  when  he  recruited 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


457 


Company  B,  31  si  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
was  elected  Captain.  In  1862  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his 
commission,  on  account  of  failing  health.  He  next  went  to 
the  oil  regions  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  operated  with 
success.  He  was  Cashier  of  the  Venango  Bank  of  P'ranklin, 
Pennsylvania,  until  the  fall  of  1864,  after  which  he  held  a 
like  position  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Corry,  Pennsyl- 
vania, until  the  summer  of  1865.  He  then  bought  a con- 
trolling interest  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Logan,  Ohio, 
of  which  he  was  President  until  1867,  when  he  turned  his 
whole  attention  to  a hardware  store  which  he  had  opened  a 
short  time  previous.  This  he  conducted  until  1S72,  when 
he  engaged  in  agriculture  on  a large  farm  which  he  owned, 
near  Logan,  and  which  he  .sold  in  December,  1874-  Iti 
1874  he  was  elected  to  fill  a vacancy  in  the  Ohio  House  of 
Representatives,  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Case,  being  re- 
elected in  1875.  In  that  year  Mr.  Boweti  organized  a stock 
company,  under  the  name  of  the  Logan  Fire-Brick  and 
Hollow-Ware  Manufacturing  Company,  of  which  he  is 
President.  He  is  a public-spirited  man,  of  varied  practical 
experience  and  safe  busitiess  habits.  He  is  extensively 
engaged  in  building  operations.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
projectors  of  Venango  City,  now  part  of  Oil  City,  Pennsyl- 
vania. December  25th,  1851,  Mr.  Bowen  married  E.  Crook, 
of  Logan,  Ohio. 


JUTT,  SPENCE  ATWELL,  M.  D.,  was  born,  Sep- 
tember 19th,  1824,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  one  of  seven  children  of  Nimrod  Hutt  and 
Fanny  B.  Atwell.  Ills  father  was  a Virginian 
who  followed  mercantile  pursuits  for  the  greater 
part  of  life,  and  in  his  latter  days  was  proprietor 
of  a hotel  in  Bainbridge,  Ross  county,  Ohio.  About  1805 
the  senior  Hull  left  his  Virginia  home,  and  settled  in  Circle- 
ville,  Ohio.  From  there  he  moved  to  Chillicothe,  and 
thence  to  Bainbridge,  where  he  died  in  1849.  S.  Hutt’s 
mother  died  June  3d,  1875,  at  Hillsborough,  Highland 
county,  Ohio.  He  worked  as  a farmer’s  boy,  and  while  so 
employed,  thought  of  a trade,  and  accordingly  went  to  work 
at  blacksmithing,  in  Bainbridge,  Ross  county,  where  he 
worked  at  the  forge  for  about  two  years  and  a half.  From 
here  he  went  to  New  Petersburg,  Highland  county,  where 
he  was  engaged  as  a clerk  until  about  1845,  when  he  took 
a position  in  a Chillicothe  store.  Returning  to  New  Peters- 
burg, he  was  again  employed  as  clerk  in  a store.  He  now 
began  to  read  medicine  with  Dr.  James  D.  Miller,  devoting 
his  days  to  business  and  his  nights  to  study.  In  the  fall  of 
1848  he  matriculated  at  the  .Starling  Medical  College,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  and  in  the  spring  of  1849  he  began  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Sharonville,  Pike  county,  Ohio.  In 
the  following  fall  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Waverly,  in 
the  same  county,  where  he  has  since  lived  in  the  enjoyment 
of  the  fruits  of  industry  applied  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. Although  a Democrat  of  pronounced  views  his 


modest  and  retiring  nature  has  kept  him  out  of  political 
strife.  He  is  a genial,  companionable,  energetic,  and  irre- 
proachable character.  On  the  I3lh  of  July,  1852,  he  mar- 
ried Kezia  Hinson,  of  Waverly,  Pike  county,  Ohio. 


AILEV,  EZR.\,  Retired  Lumber-Merchant  and 
Builder,  was  born,  August  l8th,  1S02,  in  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a son  of  Emmor 
Bailey,  a member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and 
of  English  descent,  his  mother  being  of  Welsh 
ancestry.  His  father  was  originally  a clock  and 
watch  maker,  but  afterwards  became  a farmer  in  Maryland, 
having  removed  thither  in  1808,  and  settled  near  Baltimore. 
Ezra  attended  first  a country  school,  and  afterwards  one  in 
the  city.  In  1814  his  parents  removed  to  Ohio,  and  settled 
near  Mount  Pleasant,  in  Jefferson  county.  He  soon  com- 
menced learning  the  carirenter’s  trade,  and  also  mill-wright- 
ing,  attending  school  during  the  winter  months.  About 
the  year  1820  he  left  his  father's  residence  and  proceeded 
to  Baltimore  with  a view  of  perfecting  himself  in  the  avoca- 
tion he  had  chosen.  He  contented  himself  with  receiving 
low  wages  for  the  work  he  performed,  for  while  so  occupierl 
he  was  a learner,  and  attended  a school  where  architecture 
was  taught.  He  remained  at  Baltimore  altogether  about 
three  years,  and  believing  himself  a proficient  in  his  calling, 
returned  to  his  father’s  house,  first  making  a trip  to  Old 
Point  Comfort,  \’irginia.  He  remained  at  home  about  a 
year  looking  after  his  father’s  interests.  In  the  spring  of 
1828  he  commenced  the  builder’s  business  at  Steubenville, 
Ohio,  being  a master  builder,  and  remained  there  three 
years,  steadily  pursuing  his  calling.  Early  in  1831  here- 
moved  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  rented  a house  and  sho]> 
and  resumed  his  business  with  a view  to  permanency  and  a 
successful  career.  At  that  time  cornfields  were  cultivated 
where  lordly  mansions  now  rear  their  lofty  walls,  or  more 
unpretentious  homes  give  shelter  to  a motley  crew.  This 
was  prior  to  the  railroad  era,  and  the  Miami  canal  was  the 
only  great  internal  highway.  At  that  date  architecture  was 
in  a most  ]uimitive  and  incipient  condition.  He  soon  made 
the  acquaintance  of  the  late  Nicholas  Longworlh,  the  great 
real-estate  monarch,  who  was  generous  to  a fault,  and  useful 
beyond  estimate  in  the  early  history  of  Cincinnati.  He 
[ purchased  from  him  a lot  on  Smith  street,  to  be  paid  for  in 
I ten  regular  annual  payments.  He  also  was  furnished  with 
I lumber  by  Mr.  Longworth,  or  with  the  necessary  security  to 
obtain  it,  as  he  was  anxious  to  possess  a home  of  his  own. 
He  was  enabled  to  discharge  his  debt  in  seven  years  time, 
1 paying  no  money  whatever,  but  giving  the  equivalent  in 
I work  and  designs.  He  resided  in  that  house,  so  erected, 
for  thirty  years,  up  to  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  in  1861, 
j when  he  disposed  of  the  same  and  purchased  the  property 
i where  he  now  resides.  In  1842,  owing  partly  to  failing 
! health,  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  saw  mill  business  in 


458 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAX’VCLOP.-EDIA. 


copartnership  with  Janies  Langstaff,  the  mill  then  occupying 
the  site  of  the  present  depot  of  the  Ohio  & Mississippi 
Railroad.  Tliis  partnership  terminated  in  1854,  when  he 
removed  his  business  to  the  foot  of  Main  street  in  Coving- 
ton, Kentucky,  but  the  enterprise  did  not  equal  his  expecta- 
tions, and  owing  to  unforeseen  circumstances  did  not  prosper. 
He  soon  after  returned  to  the  Ohio  side  of  the  river,  where 
he  resumed  the  lumber  and  saw  mill  business,  and  continued 
the  .same  prosperously  until  about  1871,  when  he  in  a great 
measure  retired  from  business.  He  has  always  been  most 
successful  In  all  operations,  and  was  constantly  accumulating. 
Having  realized  a handsome  competence,  he  retired  from 
active  pursuits.  He  was  a member  of  the  City  Councils  in 
1836,  and  was  opposed  to  the  license  system.  One  of  his 
colleagues  was  the  late  Chief- Justice  Chase,  who  finally 
voted  with  him  on  this  subject,  he  at  the  first  being  the  sole 
opponent  of  the  traffic.  He  was  for  many  years  a member 
of  the  old  volunteer  fire  department  of  the  city.  In  religious 
belief  he  follows  in  the  footsteps  of  his  parents,  never  fail- 
ing to  be  found  in  the  meeting-house  on  the  first  day  of  the 
week,  or  at  the  week-day  gatherings.  He  was  married, 
December  27th,  1827,  to  Eliz.abeth  Rye,  of  Columbiana 
county,  Ohio. 

USHNELL,  REV.  EBENEZER,  D.  D.,  was  born 
in  Granville,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  November 
i8th,  1822.  He  is  the  son  of  Thomas  H.  and 
Charlotte  S.  Bushnell,  natives  of  Norwichtown, 
Connecticut,  who  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1816, 
making  the  trip  through  Pennsylvania  in  wagons, 
in  company  with  a party  of  friends,  being  seven  weeks  on 
the  road.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  graduated 
from  Yale  in  the  class  of  1777,  with  Noah  Webster.  Rich- 
ard and  Mary  Bushnell,  married  October  iith,  1648,  at 
Saybrook,  Connecticut,  were  ancestors  on  the  paternal  side. 
When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  fifteen  years  old,  his 
father  died,  leaving  him  on  his  own  resources.  He  had 
laid  the  foundation  of  a good  education,  but  he  desired  a 
collegiate  course.  He  went  to  learn  carpentering,  at  which 
trade  he  remained  two  years  and  nine  months,  until,  to  use 
his  own  homely  but  happy  expression,  he  had  “planed 
and  sawed  his  way  through  college.”  He  graduated  at  the 
Western  Reserve  College  in  1S46,  receiving  his  second 
degree  in  1849.  After  graduating  he  taught  Greek  for  two 
years  in  the  preparatory  department  at  Hudson.  The  next 
year  he  had  charge  of  this  department,  and  the  following 
year  he  taught  mathematics  in  the  college.  He  then  went 
to  Burton,  Geauga  county,  Ohio,  where  he  supplied  the 
pulpit  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  one  year.  In  June, 
1851,  he  was  ordained  and  installed  as  pastor  of  this  church. 
He  remained  at  Burton  until  April  ist,  1857,  when  he 
assumed  pastoral  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Fremont,  Ohio,  remaining  there  till  now,  firmly  fixed  in  the 
affections  of  his  flock.  In  1871  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 


Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Marietta  College. 
From  i860  to  1863  Dr.  Bushnell  was  Superintendent  of 
Public  Schools  in  Fremont.  In  1865  he  joined  the  armv, 
at  Petersburg,  Virginia,  in  the  interests  of  the  Christian 
Commission.  He  has  been  a Trustee  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve College  since  1861.  At  Hudson,  in  April,  1850,  he 
married  Julia  E.  Baldwin,  who  died  in  September,  1856. 
In  April,  1858,  he  married  Cornelia  K.  Woodruff,  in  San- 
dusky. 


' '*^ILL,  PHILIP  W.,  M.  D.,  Physican  and  Druggist, 
was  born,  February  27th,  1824,  in  Warren  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  fifth  of  ten  children,  whose 
])arents  were  James  and  Amelia  (Harris)  Hill. 
His  father  was  a native  of  North  Carolina,  and 
through  life  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1804  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  in  Hamilton  town- 
ship, Warren  county,  where  he  opened  a farm  and  resided 
on  it  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  July,  1863.  He 
was  a soldier  of  the  war  of  1812,  attached  to  General  Har- 
rison’s command,  and  participated  in  a number  of  sorties 
and  skirmishes  with  both  the  British  and  Indians  during 
the  campaign.  He  married  Amelia,  daughter  of  Isaiah 
Harris,  a native  of  Campbell  county,  Virginia,  who  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Warren  county,  Ohio.  Dr.  Hill's 
early  education  was  a limited  one,  but  he  supplemented  the 
rudiments  he  acquired  at  the  village  school  by  study  at 
home  during  his  leisure  hours,  laboring  on  his  father’s  farm 
until  he  attained  the  age  of  seventeen  years,  u'hen  he  again 
attended  school,  devoting  two  years  for  that  purpose.  In 
1844,  having  acquired  a liberal  education,  he  commenced 
teaching  school,  and  was  thus  engaged  for  three  years,  de- 
voting his  unoccupied  time  to  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Alfred  Noble,  of  Goshen,  Ohio,  com- 
pleting the  same  in  1849,  having  during  the  two  preceding 
years  attended  the  usual  course  of  lectures  in  the  Ohio 
Medical  College.  Having  received  his  diploma,  he  com- 
mence<l  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  spring  of  1849 
Middleborough  and  Osceola  in  Warren  county,  where  he 
continued  for  seven  years.  In  1856  he  went  to  Kansas, 
where  he  passed  two  years  in  prospecting  and  travelling, 
and  during  his  sojourn  in  that  region  was  a voluminous  cor- 
respondent of  Eastern  papers,  giving  full  particulars  of  the 
resources  and  condition  of  the  then  Territory,  which  was 
passing  through  the  troublous  times  familiarly  known  as  the 
“ border  ruffian  ” difficulties.  He  returned  to  Ohio  in  1858, 
and  located  at  Madisonville,  Hamilton  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  atid  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1873  he  opened  a drug  store,  since  which  time  he  has 
not  been  actively  engaged  in  professional  calls,  but  gives 
advice  in  connection  with  the  dispensing  of  drugs  and 
medicines,  and  the  carrying  on  of  an  extensive  apothecary 
store.  He  has  also  given  considerable  attention  to  building, 
and  has  designed  and  erected  some  of  the  finest  residences 


BIOGRAPIIICAI.  ENCVCLUIVEDIA. 


459 


in  the  town  of  Mailisonville.  Me  is  a devoted  and  earnest 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  been 
for  the  past  twenty  years  a prominent  member  of  the 
Masonic  order.  In  political  feeling  he  is  identified  with  the 
Republican  party,  but  although  solicited  to  accept  a nomina- 
tion has  never  consented  to  allow  his  name  to  be  presented 
before  a political  convention.  He  has  been  tbrice  married. 
Mis  first  wife  was  Amelia  Conover,  of  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  who  died  in  1854,  leaving  two  children.  He  was 
subsequently  married  to  Maiw  Myers,  also  a native  of 
Hamilton  county,  who  died  in  1866.  He  has  since  been 
united  to  Nancy  Freeman,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  widow  of  the  late  John  \V.  Langdon,  by  whom  he  is 
the  father  ol  five  children. 


ILl.ING.S,  JOHN  K.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  January 
I2th,  1815,  in  Saratoga  county.  New  York.  He 
is  the  second  of  three  children  born  to  Ezra  Bil- 
lings and  Elizabeth  Slocum,  nee  Himpland.  His 
father,  a native  of  Connecticut,  was  an  agricul- 
turist all  his  life;  he  settled  in  Michigan  in 
1831,  and  died  there  in  the  fall  of  that  year.  Mrs.  Billings, 
a native  of  Vermont,  died  in  May  of  1861.  On  the  paternal 
side  the  family  is  of  English,  and  on  the  maternal  side  of 
Irish  origin.  On  both  sides  they  were  patriots  in  the  great 
struggle  for  colonial  independence.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  was  taught  lessons  of  morality  and  industry  from  his 
early  days.  He  worked  on  a farm  continuously  until  his 
sixteenth  year,  with  the  exception  of  one  summer  spent  in  a 
confectionery  store  at  S.iratoga  Springs.  His  early  educa- 
tion was  received  in  the  ordinary  county  school  and  was 
quite  limited.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  his  aggregate  attend- 
ance at  school  amounted  to  about  one  year.  At  this  time  he 
was  sick  in  Michigan,  suffering  a whole  year  from  fever  and 
ague.  But  he  did  not  allow  the  time  to  be  wasted.  He 
addressed  himself  to  study  with  great  profit.  He  not  only 
stored  his  mind  with  valuable  knowledge,  but  he  created  an 
ajrpetite  for  .study  which  he  has  not  yet  satisfied.  Recover- 
ing from  his  illness  he  worked  on  a farm  for  about  six 
months  at  eighteen  dollars  a month,  which  would  indicate 
that  he  was  a good  farm  hand.  He  next  went  to  a common 
school  for  about  four  months,  working  morning  and  night 
to  pay  his  way.  The  following  summer  he  went  to  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  did  general  work  in  a hotel  for  about  three 
months.  The  next  winter  he  cut  and  chojjped  wood  at  five 
dollars  an  acre.  During  the  next  year  he  was  again  em- 
ployed at  farm  work.  Still  dissatisfied  with  the  education 
he  had  been  able  to  get,  he  determined  to  have  a better  one, 
and  he  could  only  hope  to  secure  it  by  hard  work.  He 
therefore  went  to  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  in  1833,  and  was 
the  first  to  enter  the  Manual  Labor  Seminary  at  that  place, 
an  institution  organized  under  the  auspices  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  Having  worked  and  studied  here  for  about 


eight  months,  he  began  teaching  school  about  seven  miles 
from  Ann  Arbor.  At  the  close  of  the  school  term  he  went 
to  Ashland,  Ohio,  ami  there  attended  the  academy  for  about 
three  months,  after  which  he  resumed  teaching.  In  1843 
he  moved  to  Adams  county,  Ohio.  In  1851,  after  an  exten- 
sive course  of  legal  reading,  and  some  general  experience 
and  practice,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  immediately 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  West  Union,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Close  attention  to  business  and  un- 
swerving integrity  have  drawn  to  him  a large  clientage  and 
a paying  practice.  In  1851,  shortly  after  his  admission  to 
the  bar,  Mr.  Billings  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Adams  county,  holding  the  office  for  two  years.  He  was 
afterwards  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1861,  1873,  and 
1875.  Mr.  Billings  is  a Democrat.  In  religion  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Church.  He  is  a man  of  sterling 
character,  pleasing  and  affable  in  his  social  relations.  His 
success  in  life  under  circumstances  far  from  favorable  at  tbe 
outset  bespeaks  for  him  strong  resolution  and  industry  that 
does  not  tire.  He  may  well  be  regarded  as  a self-made 
man.  In  June,  1844,  he  married  Elizabeth  H.  Burly,  a 
native  of  Adams  county,  by  whom  ten  children  have  been 
born  to  him. 


mouth. 


’OOKE,  HON.  ELEUTHEROS,  Lawyer,  was 
born,  1780,  in  Granville,  Washington  county. 
New  York.  His  ancestry  on  the  paternal  side 
were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Massachusetts, 
P'rancis  Cooke  being  one  of  the  original  Pilgrim 
fathers,  and  who  erected  the  third  house  in  Ply- 
ile  received  a liberal  education  at  the  academy  in 
his  native  town  of  Granville,  and  some  time  after  leaving 
school  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He  pursued  his  read- 
ings with  such  diligence  and  earnestness,  that  he  was  en- 
abled to  pass  bis  examination  before  Chancellor  Kent,  with 
great  credit  to  himself.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
13,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  early  in 
the  same  year  in  western  New  York,  where  he  remained 
for  about  two  years,  and  thence  removed  to  Madison, 
Indiana.  He  continued  his  professional  duties  in  that 
place,  occasionally  appearing  in  the  courts  of  the  adjoining 
State  of  Kentucky.  While  passing  through  Ohio  in  his  re- 
moval to  his  new  home  from  New  York  State,  he  traversed 
that  portion  of  the  State  where  the  present  city  of  Sandusky 
is  situated,  and  also  its  vicinage,  and  was  so  charmed  w ith 
its  general  appearance  that  he  removed  in  1818  to  Bloom - 
ingville,  Ohio,  a short  distance  from  Sandusky,  and  remained 
there  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  the  latter  place 
w'as  laid  out,  when  he  at  once  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
residence  and  became  one  of  its  residents  in  1819,  and  so 
continued  until  his  death.  He  was  promincnily  identified 
with  all  the  early  enterprises  of  Sandusky  and  especially  of 
that  portion  of  the  State,  taking  a particular  interest  in  the 
first  railroad  projected  in  the  State  which  connected  the 


460 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


Ohio  river  with  Lake  Erie,  from  Cincinnati  to  Sandusky. 
He  was  for  many  years  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature, 
and  was  elected  to  the  Twenty-third  Congress,  1833,  from 
the  Sandusky  District.  He  was  successively  a member  of 
the  P'ederal,  Anti-Jackson  and  Whig  parties,  and  towards 
the  close  of  his  life  was  aftiliated  with  the  Republicans.  In 
1840,  during  the  Harrison  campaign,  he  was  the  orator  of 
the  day  in  the  great  celebration  ol  the  Battle  of  P'ort  Meigs. 
He  was  a prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and 
was  for  many  years  Grand  Orator  of  that  fraternity  in  the 
State  of  Ohio.  As  an  advocate  he  was  eminently  success- 
ful, whether  in  his  appeal  to  the  jury  or  in  his  argument 
before  the  bench.  He  was  married  to  Martha  Caswell,  of 
Salem,  Washington  county.  New  York.  He  died  in  San- 
dusky, December  24th,  1864,  leaving  three  sons,  Pitt,  Jay, 
and  Henry  1).  Cooke,  born  respectively  in  1819,  1821,  and 
1825.  They  were  members  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Jay 
Cooke  & Co.,  so  favorably  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  negotiations  of  the  national  loans  from  1861,  and  dur- 
ing and  after  the  termination  of  the  civil  war;  having  their 
main  house  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  control  of  the  founder 
of  the  firm.  Jay  Cooke;  the  branch  house  in  New  York  city, 
with  Pitt  Cooke  as  the  resident  partner,  while  the  Washing- 
ton city  office  was  under  the  direction  of  Henry  D.  Cooke, 
who  was  also  the  first  Governor  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  who  still  resides  in  Georgetown.  Pitt  Cooke  is  now  a 
resident  of  Sandusky,  and  Jay  Cooke  continues  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

WING,  HON.  THOMAS,  Lawyer  and  Statesman, 
was  born  in  Ohio  county,  in  what  is  now  WTst 
Virginia,  December  28th,  1789.  His  father. 
Lieutenant  Thomas  Ewing,  was  a native  of  New 
Jersey,  and  served  in  the  patriot  army  during  the 
war  which  resulted  in  the  independence  of  the 
colonies.  Soon  after  the  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  he 
removed  to  the  frontier,  where  Thomas  was  born,  and  from 
there,  in  1798,  to  Ames  township,  Athens  county,  Ohio,  of 
which  section  he  was  the  first  white  settler.  During  his 
residence  here  he  was  a man  of  local  prominence,  anil  held 
several  positions  of  trust.  In  1818  he  removed  to  Perry 
county,  Indiana,  where  he  died  in  1830,  at  a green  old  age. 
Thomas  was  raised  amid  the  rude  experiences  of  pioneer 
life,  and  had  but  few  educational  advantages  in  early  life, 
but  these  he  absorbed  with  a precocious  avidity.  He  was 
very  fond  of  reading,  but  had  few  books  to  select  from,  and 
so  read  everything  that  came  in  his  way.  His  constitution 
and  intellect  were  alike  vigorous,  and  he  soon  became 
known  as  a youth  of  uncommon  hardihood  and  intelligence. 
It  was  his  pleasure  to  read  to  the  field  hands  employed  by 
his  father,  and  they,  no  doubt,  returned  the  favor  by  flatter- 
ing the  smartness  of  the  lad.  In  1800  the  little  settlement 
raised  a fund — about  one  hundred  dollars — to  purchase  the 
nucleus  of  a library,  and  Thomas  contributed  his,  share  in 


the  shape  of  ten  coon-skins.  Sixty  books  were  purchased, 
and,  to  quote  his  own  words,  “ I'he  library  of  the  Vatican 
was  nothing  to  it,  and  there  never  was  a library  better  read.” 
Through  this  library  and  the  primitive  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood he  obtained  a sufficient  knowledge  to  warrant  the 
prediction  of  his  elders  that  he  would  become  a scholar  and 
a man  of  learning.  But  his  appetite  for  knowledge  was  far 
from  being  appeased,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  was 
somewhat  discouraged  at  the  prospect  of  further  advance- 
ment. He  now  resolved  to  make  a bold  effort  to  obtain  a 
collegiate  education,  and  accordingly  engaged  himself  as  a 
boatman  on  the  Ohio  river,  and  after  a time  saved  enough 
money  to  attend  the  academy  at  Athens  for  three  months. 
His  novitiate  over,  he  returned  to  work  in  the  salines  of 
Kanawha.  At  the  end  of  the  third  year  he  had  saved 
enough  money  to  enter  upon  a regular  course  of  study  at 
Athens,  where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of  1815,  when 
he  considered  himself  a “ pretty  good  though  an  irregular 
scholar.”  During  his  term  at  the  academy  he  taught  school 
for  .a  .short  time  at  Gallipolis,  and  was  also  occasionally  em- 
ployed as  a surveyor  in  Athens  county.  In  July,  1815,  he 
went  to  Lancaster  to  study  law  under  General  Beech,  and 
after  a self-imposed  discipline  of  most  laborious  application, 
was  admitted  to  practise  in  August,  1816.  His  first  speech 
as  a counsellor  was  made  at  Circleville  soon  after,  and  his 
next  attempt  was  at  Lancaster,  where  he  was  asked  to  under- 
take a case  by  Mr.  Sherman,  whose  distinguished  son,  the 
general,  afterwards  became  a member  of  his  family,  and 
eventually  his  son-in-law.  Some  lime  after  this  his  pecu- 
niaiy  resources  were  much  reduced,  and  he  was  anxiously 
canvassing  his  prospects.  At  this  juncture  he  was  offered 
a small  fee  to  go  to  Marietta  and  become  counsel  for  the 
defendant  in  a case  of  larceny.  He  says  of  this  episode: 
“ I have  had  several  fees  since  of  |!io,ooo  and  upwards, 
but  never  one  of  which  I felt  the  value,  or  one,  in  truth,  as 
valuable  to  me  as  this.”  Successful  ’n  the  case,  he  at  once 
found  his  time  fully  employed  in  criminal  practice.  This 
was  the  starting  point  from  which  he  rapidly  gained  promi- 
nence as  a lawyer,  and  was  soon  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Ohio  bar.  Presently  he  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  Athens  county,  which  office  he  held  for  several  years. 
His  fame  had  now  grown  so  wide  that  he  became  the  Whig 
candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate,  to  which  position 
he  was  elected  in  1830.  He  served  one  term,  and  during 
that  time  his  reputation  as  a legal  reasoner  became  national. 
In  1840  he  took  the  stump  for  Harrison,  and  when  the  old 
soldier  was  elected  President,  Thomas  Ewing  entered  his 
cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  In  the  campaign  of 
1844  he  was  a strong  Clay  Whig,  and  in  that  of  1848 
warmly  advocated  the  election  of  Taylor.  When  the  latter 
was  elected,  he  was  again  ap|iointed  to  the  cabinet,  this 
time  having  charge  of  the  portfolio  of  the  Interior.  But 
complications  arising,  he  resigned,  and  was  soon  after  ap- 
pointed to  the  United  States  Senate  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  Hon.  Thomas  Corwin,  who  had  been  called  lo  a 


J^i^tTER^  ST  BRADT  BV  A.  H . HLTCKIK  . 


■ 


( 


. , . tv 


1 I 

r ' ' 

:tn,  . ■■ 


'!«  ■ 

‘<1 


1 


- 4'.'  . ■ ■ ■ ■ , r . 

, -‘V'! 


i 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


461 


place  in  the  cabinet.  He  resigned  office  again  after  serving 
one  session,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  the 
crisis  of  1S61  he  was  a staunch  patriot  and  supporter  of  the 
administration,  and  was  appointed  by  Governor  Dennison 
a member  of  the  Peace  Commission  which  sat  in  Washing- 
ton. Throughout  the  war  he  was  unwavering  in  his  loyalty, 
and  President  Lincoln  had  an  admiration  for  him  almost  j 
akin  to  reverence.  During  the  greater  part  of  the  war  era  j 
he  practised  law  in  Washington,  but  when  peace  came  he  I 
gave  up  most  of  his  practice.  During  the  latter  years  of  | 
his  life  his  conservatism  alienated  him  from  the  administra-  | 
tion,  and  he  acted  with  the  Democratic  party.  His  intellect  j 
was  vigorous  to.  the  last.  He  died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  j 
October  26th,  1871,  surrounded  bv  his  children  and  their 

j 

families.  ! 


ORTHINGTOX,  HON.  VACHEL,  Lawyer  and 
•State  Senator,  was  born,  Eebruary  2d,  1802,  near 
Stanford,  Lincoln  county,  Kentucky.  His  father, 
James  T.  Worthington,  was  born  in  Baltimore 
county,  Maryland,  and  his  mother,  Margaret  P. 
(Stade)  Worthington,  was  a native  of  North  Caro- 
lina. He  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eight 
years  old,  when  he  went  to  live  with  his  uncle  near  Dan- 
ville, attending  the  academy  in  the  latter  town  about  two 
years,  and  then  became  a student  in  the  academy  at  .Stan- 
ford, where  he  commenced  a classical  course.  When  he 
was  sixteen  years  old,  his  father  purchased  Boone  Station, 
but  Vachel  remained  at  Stanford,  afterwards  returning  to 
his  uncle  and  resumed  his  studies  at  Danville.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  years  he  entered  the  Transylvania  University 
at  Lexington,  where  he  remained  but  a short  time,  having  i 
determined  to  allow  a year  to  lapse,  and  returned  to  Dan- 
ville, where  he  passed  through  a more  thorough  preparatory  ^ 
course  of  study.  He  then  re-entered  the  university  as  a 
member  of  the  junior  class,  and  remained  there  until  July, 
1822,  when  he  graduated,  taking  the  third  honor  in  his 
class,  being  ranked  as  the  best  mathematician,  and  also  as 
first  in  moral  science  and  philosophy.  In  1825  his  Alma 
Mater  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Shortly  after  his  graduation  he  went  to  Maryland,  where 
he  passed  about  a year  with  his  relatives,  returning  to  Ken- 
tucky in  1823,  when  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with 
Hon.  C.  J.  Boyle,  who  was  then  on  the  bench,  and  who 
examined  him  monthly  as  to  his  proficiency  in  his  readings.  ; 
He  was  never  in  a law  office  until  he  established  his  own,  ‘ 
which  he  did  after  passing  his  final  examination  at  Cincin-  i 
nati,  in  which  he  gained  for  himself  and  for  his  preceptor 
also  great  credit  for  his  thorough  acquirements  in  his  pro-  ' 
fession.  At  the  commencement  of  his  practice,  as  well  as 
through  his  long  career  of  over  half  a century,  he  has  con- 
fined his  attention  entirely  to  the  civil  courts.  After  a 
period  of  five  years,  being  eminently  successful  in  the  diffi- 
cult and  intricate  cases  committed  to  his  charge,  he  became 


associated  with  the  late  Nicholas  Longworlh,  and  the 
nephew  of  the  latter,  Thomas  Longworth,  as  a partner  in 
the  firm  of  Longworths  & Worthington,  attorneys  and 
counsellors  at  law.  On  the  retirement  of  Nicholas  Long- 
worth  from  the  firm,  after  a long  and  highly  prosperous 
course  of  practice,  he  attended  to  all  the  law  business  of  the 
senior  member  until  his  death,  and  then  took  charge  of  the 
estate,  which  he  managed  until  1866.  He  has  been  one  of 
the  most  indefatigable  workers  ever  known  to  the  bar  of 
Cincinnati ; and  his  hand  is  seen  on  all  the  court  records, 
as  also  in  the  establishing  of  wholesome  municipal  and 
State  laws.  During  this  long  period  of  over  half  a century, 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1825,  he  has  been  con- 
stantly occupied  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  the 
great  amount  of  labor  that  he  has  performed  can  hardly  be 
estimated.  His  writings  have  been  and  are  very  volumi- 
nous ; and  all  his  manuscripts  are  neatly  and  legibly  executed. 
Although  better  on  paper  than  in  oral  argument,  he  has 
made  many  long  and  excellent  speeches,  in  which  his  line 
of  argument  and  his  deep  and  abstruse  reasoning  has  not 
been  appreciated  by  the  jury  or  even  by  the  court,  perhaps 
from  their  inability  to  grasp  it.  He  was  for  several  years 
of  counsel  for  the  Ohio  Life  and  Trust  Company,  although 
not  at  the  time  of  its  failure  in  August,  1857;  but  he  has 
also  represented  other  leading  banks  and  incorporated  in- 
stitutions. In  real  estate  law  he  has  always  held  the  high- 
est ground,  and  in  these  has  won  his  best  trophies  ; and  is 
perfectly  at  home  in  that  highest  department  of  jurispru- 
dence, and  has  realized  an  ample  fortune  from  that  practice. 
His  legal  learning  is  undoubtedly  his  best  distinction,  and 
he  has  ever  taken  a high  rank  as  a counsellor;  but  he  finds 
time  to  inquire  into  philosophy  and  all  the  problems  con- 
nected with  man’s  present  and  future  existence.  To  these 
studies,  and  especially  to  the  views  of  the  ablest  modern 
thinkers,  he  has,  for  several  years  past,  given  a large  share 
of  attention,  probably  even  more  than  the  average  profes- 
sional man  allows  to  reading  the  daily  press  and  other 
ephemeral  literature.  He  delights  in  grappling  with  large 
interests  and  difficult  ([uestions,  and  is  a most  safe,  enlight- 
ened and  conscientious  adviser  and  counsellor ; and  has  been 
of  great  assistance  to  those  wlio  placed  reliance  upon  his 
judicious  advice  in  regard  to  business  enterprises  and 
speculative  undertakings.  In  all  his  intercourse  with  men 
and  their  affairs,  he  is  earnest,  honest,  zealous,  and  courage- 
ous. He  neither  courts  nor  fears  any  one,  and  is  utterly 
above  dissimulation,  hypocrisy,  or  any  kind  of  deception. 
No  means  could  be  emjdoyed  to  coerce  him  from  the  posi- 
tion he  takes,  and  while  he  respects  those  who  honestly 
differ  from  him  in  sentiment,  he  maintains  his  own  views  at 
all  hazards.  For  two  years  past  he  has  been  a member  of 
the  .State  Senate,  having  been  elected  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  in  1873,  and  his  career  so  far  has  been  of  great  ser- 
vice to  the  State.  In  the  committees  on  the  Judiciary  and 
on  Finance,  and  in  open  session,  he  has  been  heard  often 
and  with  edification.  The  members  were  wise  enough  to 


402 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 


know  that  he  could  instruct  them  more  than  they  could  ac- 
quire without  him,  that  he  told  them  the  truth,  and  advo- 
cated nothing  but  justice  and  equity;  and  there  was  no 
danger  in  following  one  so  faithful  and  intelligent.  He  has 
rendered  a great  service  to  his  adopted  city  of  Cincinnati, 
and  which  is  daily  appreciated  more  and  more.  This  is  the 
result  of  what  is  known  as  the  “Worthington  Bill,’’  which 
requires  cash  payment  in  all  city  dealings;  he  would  eveta 
have  effected  more,  but  his  colleagues  required  to  be  edu- 
cated to  the  task,  and  perhaps  might  not  have  supported 
him.  The  .Southern  Railroad  scheme,  to  the  building  of 
which  into  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  Cincinnati  has  been 
committed  by  an  evasion  of  the  Ohio  State  Constitution,  had 
a sleepless  and  most  formidable  opponent  in  him.  He  is  a 
thorough  master  of  the  principles  involved,  and  has  elab- 
orately considered  the  facts  and  consequences  of  that  heavy 
expenditure.  The  first  appropriation  of  ten  millions  of  dol- 
lars provided  for  by  the  Act  of  4th  May,  1S69,  he  terms  the 
entering  wedge  for  at  least  as  much  more,  and  a consequent 
heavy  if  not  fatal  indebtedness  of  the  city.  He  struggled 
for  an  act  of  the  Legislature  to  amend  or  repeal  the  law  of 
1S69,  on  the  ground  of  its  unconstitutionality,  and  because 
the  so-called  ancillary  legisl.ition  of  Kentucky  and  Tennes- 
see was  a heinous  contradiction  of  the  Ohio  statute,  by 
divesting  the  city  of  its  road,  and  vesting  it  in  the  trustees 
under  the  statutes  of  both  the  other  States.  His  arguments 
were  able,  exhaustive,  vehement,  overwhelming,  and  unan- 
swerable. No  one  was  prepared  to  reply  to  them,  and  they 
have  created  a profound  impression  on  all  thoughtful  men 
throughout  the  Stale,  leading  them  to  oppose  the  scheme 
for  the  construction  of  this  road  ; in  fact,  so  perfect  and  con- 
sistent has  his  reasoning  been,  that  public  opinion  in  Cin- 
cinnati has  been  reversed.  Of  all  the  old  Hamilton  county 
bar,  he  is  the  last  survivor  yet  in  practice,  except  Charles 
P'ox,  who  is  some  years  his  senior  in  age,  and  of  the  same 
upright  character  and  laborious  professional  habits.  Per- 
sonally, he  presents  the  figure  of  a student,  thin  face,  blue 
eyes,  and  head  slightly  bald.  He  is  about  five  feet  ten 
inches  in  height,  but  not  robust.  He  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried ; first,  in  1825,  to  Mary,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Judge 
Burnet;  and  in  1839  to  Julia  Wiggins,  both  of  Cincinnati. 
He  has  had  three  sons,  and  William  is  his  law  partner,  and 
worthy  of  his  position. 


ELAM.LTER,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born, 
April  1 8th,  1787,  in  Chatham,  New  York,  and 
died,  March,  1867,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  As  his 
name  indicates,  his  family  were  of  I'rench  origin, 
his  ancestors  having  been  Huguenot  exiles  who 
found  a refuge  in  Holland.  They  were  inter- 
married with  the  people  of  the  country,  and  traces  of  that 
Dutch  descent  were  seen  in  the  features  of  his  face.  He 
was  originally  destined  to  follow  the  occupation  of  his  father, 
that  of  farming.  But  a slight  injury  from  over  labor,  when 


a lad,  rendered  him  unfit  for  farm  work,  and  so  it  was  de- 
cided to  fit  him  for  the  ministry.  The  family  removed  to 
Duanesburg,  Schenectady  county,  where  he  was  taught  by 
a finely  educated  clergyman,  w'h'o  had  himself  been  edu- 
cated abroad.  His  owu  inclination  was  for  the  law,  but  to 
please  his  father  he  gave  it  up  and  began  the  study  of 
medicine.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  the  Medical  Society 
of  Otsego  licensed  him  to  practise,  and  he  at  once  entered 
into  partnership  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Dorr,  a physician  in 
Ch.atham.  Three  years  later  he  removed  to  Florida,  a town 
in  Montgomery  county;  later,  after  a year  spent  in  Albany, 
in  1S15,  he  established  himself  in  Sheffield,  Berkshire 
county,  Massachusetts.  At  the  expiration  of  eight  years  in 
that  place,  in  1823,  he  w'as  invited  to  a professorship  in  the 
Berkshire  Medical  Institute  at  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts.  In 
1827,  when  a new  medical  college  was  opened  by  the  Re- 
gents of  the  .State  of  New'  York,  for  the  benefit  of  the  West- 
ern District,  at  Imirfield,  Herkimer  county,  he  was  invited 
to  a leading  position  in  the  faculty.  He  remained  at  Fair- 
field  eight  years,  and  had  acquired  a reputation  as  a physi- 
cian of  the  first  rank.  At  that  time  Dr.  Jackson,  of  Boston, 
considered  one  of  the  ablest  physicians  in  the  United  States, 
said,  in  reply  to  a gentleman  in  Utica,  who  had  sought  his 
advice  in  a peculiarly  grave  and  obscure  malady  : “ You 
have  no  need  to  write  to  me.  You  have  Dr.  Delamaler 
near  at  hand,  than  whom  there  is  no  abler  practitioner  in 
the  country.”  At  this  lime  he  was  forty  years  of  age.  From 
Fairfield  he  removed  to  Willoughby,  Ohio,  having  previ- 
ously visited  that  Slate,  and  delivered  a cour.ie  of  lectures 
in  Cincinnati,  wdiere  he  was  urgen.tly  invited  to  remain  as  a 
permanent  instructor.  He  how'ever  preferred  the  Medical 
Institute  at  Willoughby,  and  remained  at  that  place  six 
years.  In  1842  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  and  with  able 
coadjutors  organized  and  established  the  Cleveland  Medical 
College,  the  medical  department  of  the  Western  Reserve 
College.  Notwithstanding  the  professorship  in  his  college, 
he  found  time  to  deliver  full  courses  of  lectures  at  Bowdoin 
College,  Dartmouth,  Geneva,  and  at  Cincinnati.  His 
manuscript  notes  show  that  he  had  delivered  not  less  than 
seventy  courses  of  lectures,  treating  almost  every  subject 
which  belongs  to  medical  science.  At  seventy-five  years 
of  age,  in  i860,  he  closed  his  labors,  having  aided  in  the 
instruction  of  more  young  men,  in  the  science  of  medicine, 
than  any  other  man  at  that  time.  On  resigning  his  active 
duties  at  this  period,  he  received  the  title  of  Doctor  of 
Laws  and  was  made  Professor  Emeritus.  Subsequently  he 
practised  all  that  his  infirmities  would  permit,  and  in  doubt- 
ful and  obscure  cases  his  opinion  was  sought.  One  of  the 
professors  being  temporarily  absent  on  duties  relating  to  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  he  consented  to  take  the  chair  thus 
temporarily  vacant,  and  delivered  fifty  lectures,  which 
proved  to  be  his  last  jiuhlic  instructions.  He  was  a man  of 
rare  refinement  and  of  high  cultivation;  and  had  few  if  any 
indulgences.  While  he  was  speaking,  few  appreciated  how 
well  and  how  thoroughly  he  was  speaking;  but  when  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.HDIA. 


463 


had  concluded  it  was  clear  that  the  subject  was  exhausted  ; 
nothing  of  importance  omitted.  In  every  condition  of  life 
—as  a teacher,  as  a colleague,  as  a friend,  as  a citizen,  as 
an  office-bearer  in  the  church — the  only  question  with  him 
was  of  simple  justice.  He  once  said  : “ Through  my  most 
active  years  I never  went  to  bed  without  the  consciousness 
that  I had  done  that  day  all  that  any  man  could  require  of 
me,  professionally  or  otherwise.”  He  was  one  of  the  most 
generous  men,  both  with  his  professional  services  and  with 
his  money,  who  has  ever  lived  in  this  country.  An  early 
and  decided  advocate  of  temperance,  he  often  lectured  on 
that  subject  with  great  force  and  eloquence.  He  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  and, 
like  everything  else  about  him,  it  was  genuine.  He  never 
entered  on  any  critical  operation  in  surgery  without  first 
making  it  a subject  of  prayer;  and  his  family  devotions 
never  were  omitted,  whatever  might  be  the  pressure  of  his 
professional  calls.  In  politics  he  was  always  interested; 
first  as  a Jefferson  Republican,  then  an  Adams  F'ederalist, 
then  a strong  supporter  of  the  rising  Democrat  parly.  While 
Jackson  was  President  he  changed  his  views,  becoming  a 
Whig,  and  later  a Republican.  He  was  from  the  first  an 
opponent  of  slavery ; yet  the  treatment  he  received  at  the 
hands  of  colored  men  in  Sheffield,  in  repayment  for  volun- 
tary services  as  a physician,  and  his  liberal  gifts  of  what 
money  he  had,  with  base  ingratitude,  formed  in  him  the 
deeply-rooted  conviction  that  the  negro  is  by  nature  unfit 
for  citizenship.  This  opinion  he  maintained  until  his  death. 


ONKLING,  WILLIAM  M.,  was  born,  March 
nth,  1815,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  near  the  vil- 
lage of  Reily.  He  is  the  first  of  nine  children 
of  Isaac  Conkling  and  Rebecca  (Marsh)  Conk- 
ling,  both  natives  of  New  Jersey.  Isaac  Conkling 
was  a blacksmith  and  farmer,  who  moved  to 
Ohio  in  1805,  in  company  with  his  father,  Joseph  Conkling, 
and  his  uncle,  Stephen  Conkling.  They  settled  in  Hamil- 
ton county,  at  the  point  now  known  as  East  Walnut  Hills, 
near  Cincinnati.  The  Conklings  were  among  the  best  as 
well  as  earliest  settlers  of  Hamilton  county.  William  M.’s 
mother  was  a daughter  of  John  Marsh,  who  settled  in 
Hamilton  county  in  1794.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  schools  of  Cincinnati, 
under  the  instruction  of  John  L.  Tolbert,  a prominent  edu- 
cator of  that  city.  He  was  bred  a farmer,  working  with 
his  father  until  his  twenty-fourth  year,  when  he  rented  a 
farm  from  his  father  in  Sycamore  township.  At  the  end  of 
ten  years,  in  1849,  ^7  industry  and  frugality  he  had  accu- 
mulated enough  to  enable  bim  to  buy  a home.  He  pur- 
chased the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  in  Sycamore 
township.  He  has  always  taken  great  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  his  township,  especially  in  its  educational  interests.  For 
fifteen  years  he  has  been  a Supervisor.  He  has  been  an 


active  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  many  years. 
Politically  he  is  a Republican.  He  is  held  in  high  esteem 
in  his  locality,  where  he  has  lived  the  life  of  an  honest, 
public-spirited  citizen.  In  1839  Mr.  Conkling  married 
Elizabeth  D.  Glenn,  daughter  of  Isaac  Glenn,  a prominent 
farmer  of  Hamilton  county.  Six  children  have  been  born 
of  this  union. 


VANS,  HON.  NATIL\N,  Lawyer,  was  born,  June 
24th,  1S04,  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio.  His  par- 
ents emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1803,  from  Loudon 
county,  Virginia,  where  his  father  was  a farmer. 
Until  1830  Nathan  attended  the  county  school  in 
winter  aiul  worked  on  the  farm  in  summer,  acting 
as  County  Clerk  in  1827  and  the  following  year.  After 
teaching  school  for  a short  time,  in  1830  he  read  law  with 
General  James  Weir,  at  St.  Clairsville.  At  the  end  of  one 
year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  opened  his  office  at 
Hillsborough.  Here  he  remained  one  year  ; but  being  at- 
tacked by  typhoid  fever,  he  left  for  Cambridge.  Here  he 
recovered  his  health  and  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Guernsey  county,  holding  the  office  for  four  years.  In 
1S46  Mr.  Evans  was  elected  to  represent  the  district  com- 
posed of  Guernsey  and  Belmont  counties.  He  served  a 
second  term  with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  his 
constituents,  and  then  resumed  practice  in  Cambridge.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  a term  of  five  years.  He  continued  the  jiraclice 
of  law  until  1873.  April  l5lh,  1834,  he  married  Elizabeth 
Jane  Way.  January  9th,  1855,  he  married  Susan  M.  Lap- 
land;  and  January  9th,  1865,  he  was  joined  to  Tirseh 
Duvall. 


j^'AMBLIN,  EMMETT,  Coal  Operator,  was  born  in 
Madison  county,  New  York,  August  31st,  1826. 
His  father  and  mother  were  both  natives  of  New 
York.  His  parents  moved  to  Pennsylvania  in 
1829;  thence  to  Steuben  county.  New  York,  in 
1834;  and  finally  settled  in  Hocking  county, 
Ohio,  in  1838.  Emmett  received  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  Hocking  county.  His  father  dying  January  20lh, 
1839,  the  support  of  his  mother  and  sister  devolved  upon 
young  Emmett.  He  assumed  the  charge  willingly  and 
with  stout  heart,  determined  to  make  the  best  of  his  ojrpor- 
tunities.  He  secured  work  ns  a laborer  on  the  Hocking 
Canal,  and  was  so  employed  for  six  years.  P'rom  1845 
until  1847  he  was  engaged  on  a farm.  In  the  latter  year 
he  rented  a farm,  which  he  tilled  until  i860,  when  he  pur- 
chased a farm  in  Hocking  county.  In  this  year  he  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  Hocking  county,  being  re-elected  at 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  in  1862.  He  vacated  this  office 
in  1865.  In  the  meantime  he  continued  farming  and  stock 
raising  until  1869,  when  he  sold  his  land  to  the  county  for 


464 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


an  infirmary,  and  resigned  the  County  Conimissionership  to 
which  he  had  been  elected  in  1867.  Since  then  he  has 
been  engaged  in  operating  and  speculating  in  coal  lands  in 
Hocking  and  Perry  counties.  He  was  the  first  in  his  sec- 
tion to  turn  his  attention  to  the  valuable  deposits  of  coal 
which  had  lain  there  awaiting  the  energy  and  enterprise 
that  shouhl  develop  them.  A life  of  thrift  and  industry  has 
enabled  him  to  become  possessed  of  some  of  the  best  coal 
lands  in  Ohio.  Mr.  Hamblin  now  makes  his  home  in 
Logan  county.  May  i6th,  1847,  Mr.  Hamblin  married 
Calistia  Cook,  of  Hocking  county,  who  has  borne  him  four 
boys,  all  living. 


’'SHELMAN,  HON.  EPHRAIM  B.,  was  born, 
December  8th,  1830,  in  Lancaster  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  is  the  son  of  Peter  Eshelman  and 
Mary  (Carlysle)  Eshelman.  He  began  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  State, 
and  finished  at  a select  boarding-school.  He 
learned  his  trade  as  a printer  in  the  office  of  The  Intelli- 
gencer, at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  Shortly  after  reaching 
his  majority  he  went  to  Ohio  and  worked  a few  years  at  his 
trade  in  Trumbull  county.  In  1853  he  purchased  the 
Chillicothe  Advertiser,  which  he  e<lited  and  published  until 
January  ist,  1865,  when  he  became  connected  with  the 
daily  Ohio  Statesman,  as  part  owner  and  editor-in-chief. 
He  retained  this  connection  until  P'ebruary,  1869,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  editor  and  half  owner  of  the  ll’ayne 
County  Democrat,  published  at  Wooster.  Mr.  Eshelman 
was  Postmaster  at  Chillicothe  under  Buchanan’s  admitiistra- 
tion.  In  1873  he  was  elected  from  Wayne  county,  as  a 
Democrat,  to  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives.  He  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Einance  and  a member  of 
the  Committees  on  h'ederal  Relations  and  Public  Printing. 
Mr.  Eshelman  is  a forcible  writer  and  an  effective  speaker. 


In  the  latter  year  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  George- 
town, Brown  county,  under  the  supervision  of  Grafton  B. 
White  and  Hamon  L.  Penn,  prominent  attorneys  of  that 
place.  He  pursued  his  studies  with  great  industry  and 
application,  and  having  passed  the  requisite  examination, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  ist,  1846.  During  his  first 
year  his  receipts  were  actually  less  than  one  dollar;  but  his 
practice  began  to  increase,  and  he  has  continued  to  reside 
in  Georgetown  until  the  present  time,  and  has  been  con- 
stantly occupied  with  professional  duties,  except  when  in 
the  service  of  his  country  as  a soldier  in  the  field.  In 
June,  1847,  he  joined  the  4th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers, 
and  accompanied  that  command  to  Mexico.  He  was  an 
active  participant  in  numerous  skirmishes  and  minor  engage- 
ments in  that  country.  Shortly  after  his  enlistment  he  was 
promoted  to  a Second  Lieutenancy  in  Company  G.  His 
term  of  service  was  about  thirteen  months,  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
89th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  with 
his  command  about  three  months  in  Kentucky,  when  he 
resigned,  and  returning  to  Georgetown,  resumed  the  duties 
of  his  profession.  He  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Brown 
county  for  two  years,  and  a member  of  the  lower  branch  of 
the  Legislature  for  a like  period.  He  has,  in  general, 
neither  sought  nor  accepted  public  offices  of  a political  or 
partisan  nature.  He  was  a Whig  until  the  disintegration 
of  that  party,  and  has  since  co-operated  with  the  Demo- 
crats. He  was  enthusiastic  in  his  admiration  of,  and  in  his 
friendship  for,  the  late  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  Re- 
ligiously his  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the  doctrines 
of  any  particular  church.  He  is  agreeable,  affable,  and 
courteous  in  manner,  and  of  unimpeachable  honesty  and 
integrity.  He  was  married  in  1849  1°  -^fn  B.,  sister  of 
Hon.  Chilton  White,  of  Cincinnati.  She  died  in  1863. 
During  the  following  year  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Amanda  Jenkins,  a native  of  Brown  county,  Ohio. 


JOHN  G.,  Soldier  and  Lawyer,  was 
^Tll  I Trumbull  county,  Ohio, 

olj!|  I and  is  the  fourth  of  six  children,  whose  parents 
were  John  and  Margaret  M.  (Grant)  Marshall; 
« the  latter  being  a sister  of  Jesse  Grant,  an  early 
pioneer  of  Clermont  county,  and  father  of  General 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  now  President  of  the  United  .States.  She 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  John  Marshall,  her  husband, 
was  a native  of  Virginia  who  settled  in  Trumbull  county  at 
an  early  day,  and  who  followed  through  life  both  agricul- 
tural and  trading  pursuits,  john  G.  Marshall  was  early 
trained  to  industry.  P'rom  the  age  of  nine  until  he  was 
fourteen  years  old  he  worked  in  the  tannery  of  his  uncle, 
Jesse  Grant,  and  then  entered  a printing  office,  where  he 
learned  the  mysteries  of  that  art,  and  worked  at  this  occu- 
pation in  various  parts  ' of  Ohio  and  Kentucky  until  1845. 


ERRIE,  WILLIAM,  Physician,  was  born,  March 
15th,  1817,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Pie  is  the  youngest  of  six  children  of  John  Ferrie 
and  Catherine  (Friel)  Ferrie.  His  father  was  a 
£ native  of  France  and  a civil  engineer  by  profes- 

sion, who  settled  in  Lancaster  county  and  lived 
there  until  his  death,  about  1820.  His  mother,  Catherine 
Friel,  was  a native  of  Ireland,  and  died  in  1835.  William’s 
early  education  was  liberal,  being  received  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  Moravian  Academy  in  his  native  county. 
In  the  meantime  he  labored  industriously  to  support  him- 
self and  his  widowed  mother,  as  well  as  to  accumulate 
something  for  his  start  in  life.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he 
had  secured  a liberal  general  education,  and  was  ready  to 
begin  a professional  course.  In  1843  he  commenced  to 
read  medicine  under  Dr.  P.  W.  Melone,  of  Cornwall, 


BIOGRAl’lIICAL  ENCYCLOlAliDIA. 


465 


Lebanon  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  read  with  Dr.  Melone 
for  three  years,  in  the  meantime  attending  lectures  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  at  Philadelphia.  Having  re- 
ceived his  diploma  as  Doctor  of  Medicine,  he  located  at 
Farmersville,  Montgomery  county,  Ohio,  where  he  prac- 
tised for  about  five  months.  In  the  fall  of  1846  Dr.  Ferric 
removed  to  Mount  Plea.sant,  Hamilton  county,  where  he 
has  since  remained.  By  the  same  industry  and  energy  as 
enabled  him  to  acquire  his  profession,  he  has  worked  him- 
self into  an  e.xtensive  and  profitable  practice.  After  thirty 
years  of  active  professional  labor  Dr.  Ferric  is  blessed  with 
the  full  enjoyment  of  his  physical  and  mental  faculties. 
His  first  wife  was  Mary  Ginley,  of  Lancaster  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, who  died  in  the  spring  of  1S47.  He  married,  in 
1850,  for  his  second  wife,  Mary  Martin,  of  Hamilton  county, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Martin,  a pioneer  and  for  several  years 
Treasurer  of  Hamilton  county. 


A 


>5 


i' 


(s' 


'OOPER,  SPENXER,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Con- 
tractor, was  born,  October  8th,  1816,  in  Mill- 
creek  township,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  is 
the  third  of  ten  children,  whose  parents  were 
Thomas  and  Hannah  (Steward)  Cooper.  ^ His 
father  was  a native  of  Greenbrier  county,  Vir- 
ginia, who  was  a farmer  by  occupation.  He  removed  to 
Ohio  as  early  as  1792,  locating  first  at  Fort  Washington — 
now  Cincinnati — and  subsequently  removing  to  Millcreek 
township,  where  he  settled  temporarily  on  a farm,  and 
finally  purchased  a plantation  near  Reading,  where  he  re- 
sided until  his  death,  which  took  place  on  June  5th,  1851. 
During  his  long  life  he  was  identified  with  the  public  inter- 
ests in  various  capacities,  and  served  as  County  Commis- 
sioner of  Hamilton  county  for  sixteen  years.  He  was  also 
a Captain  in  the  army  during  the  war  of  1812.  Dr.  Cooper’s 
early  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools;  but 
he  has,  however,  been  through  life  a close  reader  and  a 
keen  observer.  He  was  early  taught  to  labor,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty  years  began  life  on  his  own  resources  as  a 
farmer.-  He  had  already  entered  upon  a course  of  reading 
in  order  to  qualify  himself  for  the  profession  of  medicine, 
but  subsequently  had  renounced  the  idea  of  prosecuting  his 
studies,  at  least  for  a time.  From  1836  to  1840  he  was 
assiduously  engaged  in  farming,  and  was  also  a contractor 
on  various  public  works.  He  next  resumed  his  medical 
studies,  and  in  1844  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Eclectic 
Medical  College  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  State 
of  Missouri,  and  thence  removed  to  New  Orleans.  Having 
his  health  much  impaired,  he  abandoned  medicine  and  re- 
turned home,  having  been  absent  about  five  years.  He 
recommenced  his  old  occupation  of  farmer  and  contractor 
near  Reading,  Hamilton  county,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.  He  is  now  principally  engaged  as  a contractor  on 
59 


the  Southern  Railroad,  running  from  Cincinnati  to  Knox- 
ville and  Chattanooga.  He  adheres  to  the  measures  of  the 
Republican  party,  although  he  is  no  politician,  nor  has  he 
ever  held  any  office  whatever.  He  is  a Baptist  in  religious 
faith.  Socially  he  is  pleasant  and  courteous,  has  a firm 
demeanor,  and  is  a man  whose  life  has  been  one  of  rugged 
and  varied  experience. 


EACH,  HON.  ALLEN  J.,  representative  from 
Knox  county  in  the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly 
of  Ohio,  was  born,  September  23d,  1830,  in 
Livingston  county.  New  York,  and  is  a son  of 
Allen  and  Amanda  (Root)  Beach.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Knox 
county,  Ohio,  and  was  early  trained  in  habits  of  industry. 
When  twenty  years  of  age  he  began  business  on  his  own 
account  as  a butcher  and  victualler,  and  carried  it  on  very 
successfully  for  twenty  years.  He  has  taken  a great  inter- 
est in  political  matters,  and  has  ever  been  an  unwavering 
and  consistent  Democrat,  serving  as  a member  of  the 
County  Democratic  Ccmmittee  for  a number  of  years,  and 
has  repeatedly  been  a delegate  to  various  conventions  of 
that  party.  In  1862  he  was  elected  Sheriff  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  and  was  renominated  in  1864,  but  failed  of  an 
election.  In  1868  he  was  again  nominated,  and  received  a 
majority  of  the  votes  cast,  and  was  re-elected  in  1870,  thus 
serving  in  that  office  for  a period  of  six  years  in  all.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature, 
and  during  the  sessions  of  that  body  served  on  the  Commit- 
tee on  Federal  Relations,  and  also  on  that  of  the  Peniten- 
tiary, being  Chairman  of  the  latter.  His  earnest  manner 
and  sterling  honesty  have  gained  him  many  friends,  and  he 
has  a decided  influence  in  the  house  of  which  he  is  a mem- 
ber. He  was  married,  January  ist,  1850,  to  Matilda 
Buckland,  of  Knox  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  have  died. 


flllPLEY,  WILLIAM  S.,  M.  D.,  Phy.sician  and 
Superintendent  of  the  Cincinnati  .Sanitarium, 
located  at  College  Hill,  was  born,  October  iSth, 
f • 1810,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky.  He  is  the  third 

of  seven  children,  whose  parents  were  Rev. 
Stephen  and  Amelia  (Stout)  Chipley.  His  father 
was  a native  of  Maryland,  who  was  but  seven  years  old 
when  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  where  he  resided  until 
his  death,  in  1852.  He  was  a zealous  Methodist  clergy- 
man. Dr.  Chipley’s  mother  was  a native  of  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  where  she  was  born  in  1788,  and  is  yet  living 
with  her  son  at  the  Sanitarium.  He  received  a liberal  edu- 
cation at  the  Transylvania  University,  and  in  1829  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  the  supervision  of  that 
eminent  surgeon.  Dr.  B.  W.  Dudley,  of  I.exington.  He 


466 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 


graduated  in  1832  from  the  medical  department  of  the 
Transylvania  University,  and  m the  same  year  located  at 
Columbus,  Georgia,  where  he  practised  his  profession  until 
1844,  when  he  returned  to  Lexington,  and  was  there  engaged 
in  the  general  practice  of  medicine  until  1855,  and  from 
1S53  to  1855  was  Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  in  the  university.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  elected 
Superintendent  of  the  Kentucky  Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum, 
at  Lexington,  which  he  accepted,  and  these  duties  engaged 
his  attention  for  fifteen  years.  He  resigned  this  position  in 
1870,  and  founded  a private  institution  for  the  cure  of  mental 
and  nervous  disorders,  which  was  situated  near  Lexington. 
He  continued  there  two  years,  when  the  building  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  He  then  opened  a similar  establishment 
within  the  city  limits,  which  he  operated  for  another  period 
of  two  years.  In  July,  1875,  he  accepted  the  position  of 
Superintendent  of  the  Sanitarium,  at  College  Hill,  near  Cin- 
cinnati. This  institution  is  the  only  one  of  its  kind  in  the 
West,  and  its  character  is  dwelt  upon  sufficiently  in  the 
biographical  sketches  of  Dr.  S.  R.  Beckwith  and  Professor 
Peck  in  another  part  of  this  volume.  Dr.  Chipley  has  the 
exclusive  management  of  the  Sanitarium,  both  in  its  entire 
medical  and  moral  methods  of  treatment. 


r,% 

HEELER,  BENJAMIN  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  Surgeon- 
II  1^6ntist,  w'as  born,  July,  1815,  in  the  town  of 
i III  Orange,  Massachusetts.  His  parents  were  of 
English  descent ; his  mother  w'as  a member  of  the 
'i  Dexter  family.  His  education  was  only  that 

afforded  by  the  winter  schools  of  those  days.  He 
left  home  when  but  fourteen  years  old,  and  engaged  in  such 
pursuits  as  suited  his  boyish  fancy,  and  were  followed  in 
various  localities  from  Massachusetts  to  Missouri.  Previous 
to  1839  he  returned  home,  and  early  in  that  year  his  uncle, 
Jonathan  Wheeler,  shipped  a cargo  of  wooden  buckets  to 
Cincinnati  via  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  New  Orleans,  and  de- 
spatched him  across  the  country  to  take  charge  of  the  stock 
when  it  should  reach  its  destination.  On  this  trip  he  trav- 
elled by  railway  to  Philadelphia  and  Columbia,  Pennsyl- 
vania, thence  by  canal  to  Pittsburgh,  and  by  the  river  to 
Cincinnati.  The  Oliio  river  being  very  low,  the  buckets 
were  delayed,  and  being  out  of  employment,  he  began  to 
look  for  something  wherewith  to  occupy  his  time.  Strolling 
about  one  day  he  chanced  to  enter  a book  auction  store, 
somewhere  on  Fourth  street,  and  there  discovered  a copy  of 
“ Bell  on  the  Teeth.”  The  thought  immedi.ately  arose  as  to 
the  feasibility  of  his  becoming  a dentist;  whereupon  he  left 
the  book  and  the  store  at  once  and  started  to  put  the  thought 
into  effect.  At  that  time  there  were  but  five  dental  offices 
in  Cincinnati.  In  his  tour  of  investigation  he  called  on  Dr. 
John  Allen,  and  soon  made  a contract  whereby  the  latter 
was  to  teach  him  the  mysteries  of  the  lancet,  key  and  forceps 
for  the  sum  of  two  hundred  dollars,  that  amount  to  be  paid 


Dr.  Allen  for  the  privilege  of  working  in  his  office  and 
learning  what  the  doctor  could  teach  him  in  two  years.  He 
passed  that  period  with  his  preceptor,  and  at  the  expiration 
of  his  apprenticeship  opened  an  office  at  Mount  Sterling, 
Kentucky.  He  did  a very  successful  business  while  he  so- 
journed there,  and  formed  many  acquaintances,  but  he  soon 
returned  to  Cincinnati  and  joined  Dr.  Allen.  He  established 
offices,  at  various  times,  at  Xenia,  Springfield  and  other 
towns  ; for  dentists  in  those  days  were  in  the  habit  of  trav- 
elling from  town  to  town,  a custom  which  yet  obtains  in  some 
parts  of  the  Union.  In  1848  he  permanently  located  in  his 
own  office  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  still  continues  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  However,  he  has  visited  other 
towns,  among  them  Urbana,  where  he  made  no  inconsider- 
able practice.  He  was  present  when  the  Mississippi  Valley 
Association  originated.  This  is  the  oldest  dental  organiza- 
tion west  of  the  mountains,  if  not  in  the  world.  It  was  first 
designed  purely  as  a “ social  ” for  Cincinnati  dentists,  but 
was  really  the  germ  of  the  valley  organization  into  which  it 
soon  developed.  In  this  not  very  social  group  also  the  Ohio 
College  of  Dental  Surgery  was  conceived,  of  which  he  has 
been  for  many  years  a member  of  its  Board  of  Trustees. 
Several  years  after  its  establishment  he  received  a diploma 
from  the  college,  which  had  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery.  He  keeps  pace  wdth 
all  the  advances  in  his  profession,  and  has  made  a specialty 
of  the  beautiful  continuous  gum-w'ork,  first  introduced  and 
perfected  by  his  old  preceptor.  Dr.  Allen,  now  of  New  York. 
Although  no  politician,  he  has  served  a three-years’  term  as 
a Republican  member  of  the  School  Board.  He  is  a prom- 
inent Mason,  having  been  a member  of  one  lodge  for  over 
thirty  years,  and  is  also  a Sir  Knight  of  the  Templars.  So- 
cially he  is  courteous  and  affable,  and  in  his  office  contracts 
many  friendships ; liberal  and  generous  everywhere,  he  en- 
joys the  esteem  of  all  who  know  him.  He  was  married, 
March,  1843,  Eliza  Allen,  a sister  of  Dr.  John  Allen,  his 
old  preceptor. 


ALLACE,  HON.  WILLIAM  PITT,  Merchant 
and  Senator  from  the  P'irst  District,  Hamilton 
county,  was  born,  September  25th,  1831,  in  the 
county  of  Down,  Ireland,  and  is  a son  of  Hugh 
and  Matilda  (Gibson)  Wallace,  formerly  inn- 
keepers in  said  county.  The  family  is  of  Scotch 
origin.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Belfast, 
and  accompanied  his  parents  in  their  emigration  to  the 
United  States  in  1846.  The  family  at  first  located  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania,  where  he  finished  his  education  at  a 
night-school.  In  1850  the  family  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
and  his  father  engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business, 
but  only  carried  it  on  for  a year,  when  he  abandoned  it  and 
commenced  the  w'holesale  hat  and  cap  trade.  William  him- 
self embarked  in  the  same  trade  on  his  own  account  in  1858, 
and  in  which  he  has  ever  since  continued,  the  present  firm 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


467 


being  Wallace  & Ringel.  He  has  been  a most  successful 
merchant,  which  is  due  to  his  business  tact,  untiring  energy 
and  industry.  He  has  ever  taken  a great  interest  in  the 
cause  of  public  education,  and  has  served  as  a member  of 
the  School  Board  in  the  village  of  Avondale,  where  he  re- 
sides. His  political  creed  is  that  of  the  Llemocratic  party, 
but  he  is  no  politician  and  never  sought  a public  office.  He 
accepted,  however,  the  nomination  by  the  Democratic  party 
in  1873  Senator  from  the  Hamilton  District,  which  was 
tendered  him  without  solicitation  for  that  honor  on  his  part, 
and  was  elected  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  On  taking  his 
seat  in  that  body  he  was  named  to  and  has  served  on  several 
of  its  most  important  committees,  including  Manufactures 
and  Commerce,  of  which  he  was  made  Chairman ; on 
Municipal  Corporations,  Railroads  and  Turnpikes,  .Soldiers’ 
and  .Sailors’  Orphans’  Home,  Insurance  and  on  S.anitary 
Laws.  He  was  married,  June,  1S59,  to  Mary  Emma  Mor- 
gan, of  Philadelphia,  with  whom  he  has  had  ten  children, 
eight  of  whom  survive. 


or  projector  of  several  other  inventions  of  importance,  but 
on  which  he  has  neglected  to  secure  patents.  Prominent 
among  these  are  the  universal  feed  for  boring-mills  and  drill- 
presses,  also  an  engine  for  cutting  and  automatic-counting 
the  teeth  of  wheels.  The  drill-feed  has  come  into  general 
use,  and  would  have  been  the  source  of  a handsome  revenue 
if  he  had  not  neglected  to  secure  a patent.  From  the  above 
recital  of  the  principal  events  of  his  career,  it  is  scarcely 
needless  to  observe  that  he  is  emphatically  a self-made  man. 
The  success  of  his  life  affords  a very  encouraging  example 
to  the  young  mechanic  who  is  desirous  and  ambitious  of 
rising  above  the  sphere  and  position  of  a mere  journeyman. 
Although  he  is  a man  of  established  business  and  large 
means,  the  unblemished  integrity  of  his  character  will  be  the 
best  portion  of  his  children’s  inheritance.  He  was  married, 
April  6lh,  1S53,  to  Sarah  Ann,  daughter  of  Henry  Reddick, 
of  Preble  county,  Ohio  ; they  have  two  sons  living,  two 
daughters  and  one  son  having  died  in  infancy. 


^EMPLE,  JOHN,  Inventor  and  Manufacturer,  was 


% 


rr% 


born,  February  3d,  1S21,  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scot- 
land, and  is  a son  of  Robert  and  Christina  (.-kllen) 
Temple,  people  in  moderate  circumstances  who 
followed  the  quiet  occupation  of  farming.  His 
father  was  a captain  in  the  militia,  and  his  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Captain  Robert  Allen,  of  the  royal 
navy.  John  enjoyed  the  educational  advantages  of  the  paro- 
chial schools  of  his  native  county  until  he  was  seventeen 
years  old,  when  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of 
machinist  and  mechanical  engineer  at  the  town  of  Cuba- 
dona.  He  served  five  years  at  his  trade,  and  after  attaining 
his  majority  was  employed  for  one  year  as  a journeyman  in 
Scotland.  In  .-\pril,  1843,  he  left  home  to  seek  his  fortune 
in  America,  and  having  a natural  proclivity  for  general 
mechanics  he  soon  became  familiar  with  the  details  of  mill- 
building, which  he  carried  on  in  Canada  until  the  year  1848, 
when  he  entered  the  States,  first  at  Buffalo,  and  afterwards 
resided  at  Sandu.sky.  In  July,  1851,  he  arrived  at  Dayton, 
where  he  followed  mill-building  along  the  valley  of  the 
Miami,  and  in  1854  became  associated  with  two  partners, 
under  the  firm-name  of  Stout,  Mills  & Temple,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  mill-machinery,  which  firm  has  long  been  widely 
known  as  among  the  most  extensive  and  enterprising  manu- 
facturers of  mill-machinery  in  the  West.  In  1859  he  ob- 
tained a patent  for  the  American  turbine  wheel,  an  invention 
whose  importance  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  although 
it  w.as  followed  by  a great  number  of  imitations  as  close  as 
the  law  would  permit,  continued  for  more  than  a decade  to 
almost  monopolize  the  market,  and  of  which  over  three 
thousand  have  been  manufactured  at  the  shops  of  the  firm. 
The  case  as  well  as  the  wheel  is  his  invention  and  the  sub- 
ject of  a patent.  In  1873  both  these  patents  were  renewed 
by  the  government  for  seven  years.  He  is  also  the  author 


’NEIL,  WILLL'VM  J.,  Merchant  and  President  of 
the  Board  of  Education  of  Cincinnati,  was  born, 
October  23d,  1841,  in  Milford,  Clermont  counly, 
Ohio.  He  is  of  Irish  descent,  his  parents  having 
left  the  old  country  in  1832  and  located  originally 
at  Cincinnati.  He  was  educated  at  St.  Francis 
Xavier  College  in  that  city,  whither  his  parents  removed 
from  Milford  in  1845,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided. 
He  entered  Appleg.ate  & Co.’s  book  store  in  1855,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  militia,  and  was  for  three  months 
engaged  in  guarding  bridges  on  the  line  of  the  Marietta  & 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he 
enlisted  in  the  loth  f)hio  Regiment  for  three  years’  service. 
He  was  connected  with  that  command  in  various  capacities 
until  September,  1863,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged 
and  returned  to  Cincinnati.  He  engaged  in  the  stationery 
trade  with  James  Y.ates,  w’ilh  whom  he  remained  until  that 
gentleman  retired  from  business,  when  he  effected  an  en- 
gagement with  .Stone  & Stewart,  and  finally  in  1867  became 
a clerk  in  the  store  of  J.  R.  Mills,  continuing  in  that  capacity 
until  January,  1872,  when  he  w'as  admitted  to  a partnershiji, 
under  the  firm-name  of  J.  R.  Mills  & Co.  His  political 
creed  is  that  of  the  Democratic  party.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education  from  the  Tdrst 
Ward,  in  which  he  has  served  with  distinction,  having  been 
from  time  to  time  re-elected,  and  now  represents  the  Fourth 
Ward  in  that  body ; he  w.as  elected  to  the  office  of  President 
of  the  Board  in  April,  1875.  a member  of 

the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Public  Library  since  1873,  and 
President  since  July,  1874.  He  has  been  a member  of  the 
Democratic  State  Central  Committee  from  the  First  District 
since  1871.  He  is  no  office-seeker,  and  has  three  times  de- 
clined nominations  to  office  tendered  him  by  the  citizens  of 


468 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


his  ward.  He  is  a public-spirited  citizen  and  an  earnest 
and  vigorous  promoter  of  building  societies  and  other  insti- 
tutions for  the  advancement  of  workingmen.  He  has  been 
President  of  the  St.  F'rancis  Xavier  Society  for  a number  of 
years,  and  is  prominent  in  all  the  benevolent  work  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  of  which  he  is  a devoted  and 
faithful  member. 


AGE,  WILLIAM  IL,  Shirt  Manufacturer,  was 
born,  July  29th,  1830,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a native  of  New 
Jersey,  while  his  mother  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  received  but  a limited  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  then 
learned  the  trade  of  brush-making,  continuing  in  that  avoca- 
tion for  seven  years.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Erie, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  embarked  in  the  hat,  cap,  fur  and 
furnishing  goods  business.  He  eventually  relinquished  this 
enterprise  and  proceeded  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  which  he 
reached  in  January,  1S60,  and  became  interested  in  a shirt 
manufactory  which  he  established,  and  which  is  now  the 
oldest  of  its  kind  in  that  city,  its  business  having  progressed 
most  favorably.  His  political  faith  is  that  of  the  Republican, 
but  he  has  neither  sought  nor  held  any  public  office.  He 
was  married,  October,  1857,  to  Lizzie  D.,  daughter  of  R.  T. 
McCarter,  flour  inspector,  of  Philadelphia. 


ARROUN,  CHESTER  HANNU.M,  D.D.S.,  was 
born  at  Corfu,  Genesee  county.  New  York,  July 
17th,  1829,  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Italian  e.xtraction. 
He  received  his  preliminary  education  at  an 
academic  school  in  Sylvania,  Lucas  county,  Ohio. 
In  youth  he  evinced  a decided  taste  for  the  study 
of  medicine,  which  profession  he  determined  to  adopt.  He 
began  to  read  with  Dr.  F.  E.  Bailey,  .Sylvania,  Ohio,  in 
1849  (now  in  Santa  Cruz,  California),  but  failing  health 
soon  obliged  him  to  choose  another  voc.ation.  He  applied 
himself  to  dentistry,  and  began  to  practise  in  .Sylvania  in 
1851.  After  remaining  here  for  two  years  he  moved  to 
Toledo,  forming  a partnership  with  Dr.  John  Estele,  now 
deceased.  At  the  end  of  a year  he  dissolved  his  connection 
with  Dr.  Estele,  and  has  since  practised  in  Toledo,  with  the 
exception  of  two  years,  when  he  travelled  in  the  West, 
locating  in  Elkhart,  Indiana,  one  year.  L^pon  his  return  to 
Toledo  he  pursued  his  profession  alone  until  1857,  when  he 
was  joined  by  Mr.  R.  L.  Evans.  This  partnership  continued 
until  September  of  1864,  conducting  business  by  himself 
until  March,  1875,  wdien  he  was  joined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Porter, 
forming  the  present  firm  of  Harroun  & Porter.  Dr.  Harroun 
has  been  eminently  successful  through  all  these  years,  and 
bears  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  first  dentists  in 


Toledo.  He  is  a member  of  several  dental  associations,  and 
a charter-member  of  the  Ohio  State  Dental  Society.  Orig- 
inally a Whig,  Dr.  Harroun’s  affiliation  is  now  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  married,  September  20th,  1854, 
to  Emily  J.  Cadwell,  of  Sylvania,  Lucas  county,  Ohio. 


IGIN.S,  THOMAS  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  June 
i8th,  1825.  He  is  the  second  son  of  four  children, 
the  issue  of  John  Pliggins  and  Parnelle  Ashley. 
11  is  father  was  a native  of  Vermont,  an  agricul- 
turist and  lawyer,  who  settled  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  in  1810.  Here  he  accumulated  consider- 
able property,  was  prominently  identified  with  public  enter- 
prises, and  died  March  1st,  1874.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  and  died  in  1831,  while 
Thomas  was  but  six  years  of  age.  Deprived  so  early  in  life 
of  a mother’s  tender  care,  it  wouUl  not  have  been  surprising 
if  he  had  grown  up  with  a less  vigorous  moral  constitution. 
Happily  the  wise  guidance  of  his  father  gave  bent  and  force 
to  his  good  inclinations  and  fitted  him  for  a useful  part  in 
life.  Until  his  seventeenth  year  he  alternated  between  the 
farm  in  the  summer  and  the  district  school  in  the  winter. 
He  did  not  confine  himself  to  the  restricted  curriculum  of 
the  country  school,  but  extended  his  course  'of  reading  to 
works  of  a higher  order.  In  1S45  he  entered  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, where  for  several  years  he  applied  himself  industriously 
to  the  classics  and  general  literature.  During  his  collegiate 
course  he  taught  school  for  one  term.  In  1850  he  went  to 
the  law  school  at  Balston  Spa,  New  York,  and  was  subse- 
quently admitted  to  the  bar  at  Albany,  New  York.  He  next 
located  at  Buffalo,  pursuing  his  profession  for  about  one  year, 
when  he  went  to  New  York  city,  remaining  there  for  three 
years.  In  1S55  Mr.  Higgins  went  abroad  and  spent  one 
year  in  travelling  through  Great  Britain.  In  Dublin  he  met 
Miss  Isabella  Wade,  daughter  of  Mr.  Samuel  Wade,  a prom- 
inent wool  merchant  of  that  city.  Shortly  before  leaving 
for  home  in  1856  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Wade.  Returning  to  this  country,  he  wrote  and  published 
“ The  Crooked  Elm,  or  Life  by  the  Wayside,”  a book  which 
was  well  received  and  met  with  a large  sale.  In  1858  Mr. 
Higgins  took  up  his  residence  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he 
practised  law  until  i860,  when  he  removed  to  Waverly, 
Pike  county,  his  present  home.  In  1861  he  recruited  Com- 
pany B,  73d  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  went  to  the  front 
with  a captain’s  commission.  He  bore  a creditable  part  in 
the  memorable  battles  of  Cross  Keys,  Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Raccoon 
Ridge,  Missionary  Ridge,  Peach  Tree  Creek  and  Atlanta, 
and  marched  with  Sherman  to  the  sea.  At  Resaca  he  was 
wounded  in  the  left  side  by  a Minie  ball,  and  in  the  head 
in  the  last  battle  in  North  Carolina.  His  gallantry  on  the 
field  secured  him  first  a Major’s  and  then  a Lieutenant- 
Colonel’s  commission.  During  part  of  his  service  he  com- 


BIOGRAPiilCAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


469 


mnnded  his  regiment.  He  was  mustered  out  in  1865,  and 
returned  to  his  home  in  Waverly.  He  has  achieved  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a lawyer  and  literateur.  He  takes 
great  interest  in  popular  education,  and  has  been  more  or 
less  identified  with  the  schools  of  Pike  county.  Whether 
as  a lawyer,  writer,  or  soldier.  Colonel  Pliggins  has  dis- 
played a character  remarkable  for  industry  and  integrity. 
Frank  and  affable  of  manner,  he  has  gained  the  respect  of 
all  who  know  him.  In  politics  he  is  a Democrat.  In  re- 
ligious feeling  he  is  bound  by  no  particular  church  limita- 
tions. He  is  one  of  Pike  county’s  most  prominent  citizens. 


W /f>UBBARD,  WILLIAM  BLACKSTONE,  Lawyer, 
Bank  President,  Railroad  President  and  States 
man,  was  born  at  Utica,  New  York,  August  26lh, 
1795,  and  after  receiving  an  academical  educa- 
tion studied  law  with  Silas  Storr,  a maternal 
uncle;  and,  having  completed  his  studies  accord- 
in<T  to  the  then  custom  prevalent  in  the  profession,  removed 
to  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  1816.  His  location  and  rapidly  increasing 
business  soon  brought  him  into  contact  and  competition 
with  some  of  the  best  minds  of  his  profession  then  west  of 
the  Allegheny  mountains.  It  w'as  not  long  until,  by  his 
talents,  industry  and  energy,  he  placed  himself  abreast 
with  and  became  the  rival  and  compeer  of  such  distin- 
guished lawyers  as  Charles  Hammond,  of  St.  Clairsville, 
Benjamin  Tappan,  John  C.  W’right  and  John  M.  Gooden- 
ough,  of  Steubenville,  and  Philip  Dodridge,  of  Wheeling, 
Virginia.  His  ability  and  success  at  the  bar  were  so 
marked  as  to  commend  him  to  popular  favor,  and  he  was 
repeatedly  chosen  to  represent  the  people  of  his  county  and 
district  in  the  House  of  Representatives  and  Senate  of  the 
State,  and  was  one  time  chosen  to  preside  over,  the  House 
of  Representatives,  in  which  position  his  readiness,  in- 
dustry, skill  and  impartiality  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
secured  for  him  the  unanimous  approval  of  that  distin- 
guished body  of  representative  men.  In  1817  he  married 
the  beautiful  and  interesting  daughter  of  Sterling  Johnston, 
Esq.,  of  St.  Clairsville,  who  proved  to  be  a judicious  and 
faithful  companion,  and  by  whom  he  had  eight  children, 
five  of  whom  survived  at  the  time  of  his  decease.  Mr. 
Hubbard  was  an  ardent  and  enthusiastic  F'ree  Mason  ; he 
was  Master  of  a lodge  at  St.  Clairsville  and  at  Columbus, 
representing  each  at  various  times  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
the  State,  in  which  he  was  elevated  to  the  Oriental  chair, 
and  served  with  distinction  for  many  years.  Previous  to 
his  election  as  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  its  affairs 
had  fallen  into  a state  of  demoralization  and  disorder,  but 
during  his  administration  it  was  resuscitated,  and  order, 
activity  and  prosperity  assumed  the  places  of  confusion, 
lethargy  and  embarrassment.  His  eminent  success  as 


Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio  designated  him 
as  a suitable  person  for  the  highest  office  in  Templar 
Masonry  in  the  United  States.  He  was  elected  Grand 
Master  of  the  Grand  Encampment  of  the  United  States  in 
1847,  which  capacity  he  served  with  great  distinction  for 
twelve  years.  When  he  was  elected  to  preside  over  the 
Grand  Encampment  it  was  weak  in  numbers  and  its  inllu- 
ence  insignificant.  By  his  talent,  knowledge  and  industry 
he  soon  raised  it  to  the  highest  state  of  organization,  pros- 
perity and  influence.  He  was  eminently  qualified  for 
financial  pursuits,  to  which  he  gave  much  attention  and  in 
which  he  met  with  great  success.  . He  was  President  of  a 
local  bank  in  St.  Clairsville;  President  of  the  Exchange 
Bank  of  Columbus,  under  what  was  known  as  Kelly’s 
banking  law ; President  of  the  F'irst  National  Bank  of 
Columbus  (the  first  national  bank  organized  in  the  capital 
of  Ohio),  and  died  in  the  occupancy  of  that  position.  The 
Hon.  S.  P.  Chase,  while  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  afterwards 
as  Secretary  of  the 'Treasury  of  the  United  States,  consulted 
Mr.  Hubbard  upon  financial  questions,  and  held  his  opin- 
ions in  high  estimation.  In  science,  literature,  philosophy 
and  the  arts  he  was  as  well  versed  as  any  man  of  his  time. 
He  was  a close  student,  and  there  were  few  subjects  of  in- 
terest that  he  did  not  make  himself  thoroughly  master  of. 
His  memory  was  remarkable  and  retained  everything  he 
read;  his  fund  of  information  was,  therefore,  large,  varied 
and  ready  at  command  ; his  conversational  powers  were  of 
a superior  order,  and  in  his  hours  of  relaxation  from  study 
and  business  he  was  a most  genial  and  interesting  com- 
panion. He  was  a Trustee  of  the  Ohio  University,  from 
which  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.;  was  President 
of  the  Columbus  & Xenia  Railroad  Company;  founder  and 
first  President  of  Green  Lawn  Cemetery;  and  was  appointed 
on  the  committee  that  visited  Washington  City  in  the  in- 
terests of  Columbus,  to  procure  the  location  of  the  United 
States  Arsenal  at  the  capital  of  Ohio.  Of  large  public 
spirit,  he  was  connected  with  and  fostered  all  the  railroads 
entering  at  Columbus  and  all  the  local  improvements  of  his 
day.  He  died  January  5th,  1866. 


.ANNEY,  JOHN  JAY,  was  born  near  Goose  Creek 
Meeting  House,  Loudon  county,  Virginia,  on 
April  25th,  1812.  His  parents  were  members  of 
the  religious  Society  of  Friends.  The  founder 
of  the  family  emigrated  to  tliis  country  with 
William  Penn,  in  1683,  and  his  descendants 
have  constituted  a large  and  infiuential  portion  of  the 
Society  of  P'riends  since  that  time.  It  is  believed  that  the 
immediate  line  of  descent  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has 
been  an  unbroken  one  of  farmers  from  its  beginning  in 
this  country.  His  father  dying  when  he  was  but  one 
month  old,  both  mother  and  child  returned  to  her  father’s 


4/0 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 


house,  in  whose  family  lie  lived  until  his  twentieth  year. 
He  commenced  attending  the  Friends’  school  at  Goose 
Creek  Meeting  House  when  about  six  years  old,  and  con- 
tinued in  said  school  until  his  fifteenth  year,  and  during 
the  winter  until  his  nineteenth,  working  on  the  farm  during 
the  summers  of  the  last  four  years.  In  his  twentieth  year 
he  attended  a day  school  in  Alexandria  six  months,  de- 
voting his  time  to  “ Euclid’s  Elements,”  beyond  which  and 
algebraic  equations  of  the  third  degree  his  school  studies 
never  went.  In  his  twentieth  year,  becoming  dissatisfied 
with  slavery  and  its  influences,  he  left  his  native  State  and 
removed  to  Warren  county,  Ohio,  where  he  spent  fifteen 
years,  from  1833  to  1848,  being  engaged  in  teaching  a 
country  and  village  school  and  land  surveying,  with  a short 
experiment  at  merchandising.  During  the  winters  of 
1844-45-46-47  he  served  as  Assistant  Clerk  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  Ohio,  during  his  service  becoming 
acquainted  with  and  gaining  the  friendship  of  many  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  State,  and  he  has  been  often  heard  to 
express  great  gratification  at  never  having  had  anything  to 
interfere  with  the  friendships  so  formed.  In  the  fall  of 
1847  the  Hon.  Samuel  Galloway,  then  Secretary  of  State, 
offered  Mr.  Janney  the  position  of  chief  clerk  in  his  office, 
which  was  accepted  and  held  during  Mr.  Galloway’s  term, 
at  the  expiration  of  which  his  successor,  Hon.  Henry  W. 
King,  wished  him  to  continue  in  the  position  he  held,  but 
he  had  been  elected,  without  his  owm  knowledge.  Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Control  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio,  which 
position  he  accepted  May  1st,  1851,  and  held  until  the  ex- 
piration of  the  charter,  in  1865.  He  then  served  as  Chief 
Clerk  in  the  Columbus  Post-office  one  year,  when  he  was 
elected  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Columbus  & Hock- 
ing Valley  Railroad  Company,  which  position  he  now 
holds.  In  his  youth  he  was  noted  among  his  playmates 
and  acquaintances  for  his  fondness  for  study.  He  read 
everything  he  could  get  hold  of,  and  has  been  heard  to 
regret  that  he  was  not  born  twenty-five  years  later,  so  that 
he  could  have  read  the  Atlantic  or  Scribner  in  his  boyhood. 
His  mind  at  an  early  age  was  deeply  interested  in  science, 
and  without  ever  having  devoted  himself  to  any  particular 
branch,  so  as  to  become  in  any  sense  a scholar,  he  has 
acquired  a superficial  acquaintance  with  nearly  all  branches 
of  natural  science.  He  has  always  been  an  active  and 
earnest  friend  of  ])ublic  schools.  He  wrote  and  published, 
soon  after  removing  to  Ohio,  an  address  in  favor  of  free 
public  schools,  and  of  requiring  every  child  of  suitable  age 
and  organization  to  spend  a portion  of  its  time  in  them. 
He  aided  in  establishing  a circulating  library  in  Spring- 
borough,  where  he  first  resided  after  his  removal  to  Ohio, 
which  is  still  in  successful  existence,  and,  upon  his  removal 
to  Columbus,  aided  in  establishing  the  Athenaeum  Library 
and  Reading-room,  and  drafted  and  had  passed  through 
the  City  Council  the  ordinance  establishing  the  now  flour- 
ishing Free  Public  Library  and  Reading-room  of  that  city. 
He  has  been  repeatedly  elected  and  appointed  to  municipal 


offices,  village,  township,  city  and  corporation,  having  been 
a member  of  the  Board  of  Health,  Board  of  Education, 
Board  of  Police  Commissioners,  Director  of  the  Ohio  Peni- 
tentiary, member  of  the  City  Council  and  Secretary  of  the 
Republican  State  Committee.  He  has  held  some  public 
trust,  he  has  occupied  some  public  position,  involving 
some  degree  of  trust,  during  forty  years  of  his  life,  and  has 
always  fulfilled  his  duty  with  fidelity.  He  was  raised  a 
Whig,  inheriting  anti-slavery  sentiments,  and  therefore 
needed  no  conversion  to  become  a Republican.  He  has 
been,  since  his  boyhood,  a warm  advocate  of  the  temper- 
ance cause,  having  spoken  and  written  freely  on  the  sub- 
ject. He  wrote  and  distributed  ten  thousand  copies  of  a 
tract  against  the  license  to  retail  intoxicating  drinks,  at  the 
time  that  question  was  last  submitted  to  the  people  of 
Ohio,  in  1874.  Mr.  Janney  was  married  in  1835  to 
Rebecca  Anne  Smith,  then  a citizen  of  Pennsylvania,  but 
a native  of  the  same  county  as  himself. 


;LACKBURN,  JOSEPH  MARTIN,  Architect  and 
Builder,  was  born,  November  25th,  1820,  at 
Cudworth,  West  Riding,  Yorkshire,  England. 
He  was  educated  at  the  national  schools  of  his 
native  place.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he 
left  school  and  "home  to  learn  the  trade  of  archi- 
tect, carpenter  and  builder.  He  entered  himself  for  in- 
struction with  William  & Thomas  Topam,  at  Ackworth, 
near  Pontifract,  Yorkshire.  Here  he  served  an  apprentice- 
ship of  seven  years,  thoroughly  mastering  the  practical 
details  of  his  trade  and  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  study- 
ing the  theory  of  architecture.  At  the  close  of  his  appren- 
ticeship Mr.  Blackburn  spent  about  four  years  at  Ackworth, 
being  empioyed  as  architect  and  superintendent  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  most  prominent  buildings  there  at  that 
time.  Impressed  with  the  belief  that  the  new  world 
offered  a broader  and  better  field  than  the  old  for  ability 
and  industry,  he  resolved  to  come  to  America  and  try  his 
fortune.  He  landed  at  New  York,  July  4lh,  1850.  On  the 
15th  of  the  same  month  he  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Blackburn  has  been  the 
architect  and  builder  of  many  of  the  finest  private  and 
public  structures  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Wisconsin  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  planned  and 
built  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  public  buildings  in  the  country. 
He  was  also  the  architect  of  the  Central  Ohio  Insane 
Asylum.  Mr.  Elackburn  has  made  it  the  rule  of  his  life  to 
give  his  strict  and  personal  attention  to  the  execution  of 
every  commission  intrusted  to  him.  His  works  stand  as  so 
many  monuments  of  faithful,  conscientious  discharge  of 
duty.  By  pursuing  an  upright,  straightforward  course  he 
has  earned  an  enviable  reputation  as  a correct  business 
man  and  a citizen  of  high  standing.  January  1st,  1848,  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 


471 


married  Elizabeth  Ann  Walls,  at  Pontifract,  Yorkshire, 
England,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children,  five  now 


livins 


' " 'Riddle,  william  P.,  Law'yer,  W'as  born,  April 
3d,  1837,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
son  of  William  P.  Biddle  and  Mary  C.  Parker, 
and  the  grandson  of  Rev.  William  H.  Biddle, 
who  settled  in  Hamilton  county  in  1822,  where 
William  P.’s  parents  now  reside.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  attended  school  in  winter  and  worked  on  a 
farm  in  summer  until  the  fall  of  1854,  when  he  entered  the 
P'armer’s  College  of  Ohio,  then  at  its  best.  He  remained 
at  the  Farmer’s  College  until  the  fall  of  1857,  when  he 
taught  in  the  schools  of  his  native  county.  In  1858  he 
entered  Gundry’s  Commercial  College,  then  the  leading  in- 
stitution of  its  kind  in  the  Western  States.  Graduating 
from  here  in  October  of  the  same  year  he  immediately  be- 
came an  instructor  in  that  institution.  In  the  meantime  he 
read  law,  and,  October  1st,  1859,  entered  the  law  office  of 
Hon.  Bellamy  Storer,  at  the  same  time  beginning  a course 
at  the  Cincinnati  Law'  School.  He  graduated  frrnn  the 
law  school  in  April,  i860,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  same  month.  He  opened  a law  office  in  Cincinnati 
and  continued  studying  at  the  law  school.  He  has  since 
practised  his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  receiving  business  of 
an  important  character  and  establishing  a reputation  as  a 
safe  and  capable  attorney.  In  April,  1875,  he  w'as  elected, 
as  a Democrat,  to  the  Board  of  Aldermen  from  the  Twenty- 
second  Ward,  which  had  been  largely  Republican.  Pie  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Investigation  on  the  Water- 
works and  a member  of  several  of  the  most  important 
standing  committees  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen.  March 
4th,  1861,  he  married  Abba  E.,  daughter  of  Hiram  and 
Cordelia  Rogers,  of  Cincinnati,  w'ho  died  .September  4th, 
1864,  leaving  a son  and  daughter.  July  13th,  1871,  he 
married  Lavinia,  daughter  of  Christopher  Wardal,  of  Ham- 
ilton county,  Ohio. 


ANNEY,  RUFUS  P.,  LL.  D.,  Law'yer  and  Jurist 
W'as  born  at  Blandford,  Hampden  county.  Mas 
sachusetts,  October  13th,  1813,  and  is  the  sot 
of  Rufus  Ranney,  a farmer  of  Scotch  descent 
and  of  Dottie  I).  Blair,  of  revolutionary  stock 
The  family  moved  to  P'reedom,  Portage  county 
Ohio,  in  1824,  and  w'ere  among  the  pioneers  of  the  “ Nev 
Connecticut,”  then  a western  frontier  covered  with  at 
almost  unbroken  forest.  His  early  life  was  thus  spent  it 
the  log  cabin,  and  he  assisted  in  felling  the  primitive  fores 
trees  of  the  wilderness  of  the  new  home.  His  early  oppor 
tunities  for  acquiring  an  education  were  very  limited.  Ye 
he  managed,  by  great  perseverance,  manual  labor  ant 


school  teaching,  to  enter,  before  he  was  of  age,  the 
academy  at  Nelson,  Portage  county,  w'here  he  fitted  for 
college.  To  obtain  a suit  of  clothes  of  respectable  appear- 
ance to  enter  college  he  cut  cord  wood  at  twenty-five  cents 
per  cord.  Pie  entered  the  Western  Reserve  College,  but 
circumstances  prevented  him  from  graduating.  When 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  with  only  his  clothing  in  which  he 
was  dressed  and  one  extra  shirt,  which  he  carried  in  the 
top  of  his  hat,  he  w'alked  to  Jefferson,  Ashtabula  county, 
and  commenced  reading  law’  in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Joshua 
R.  Gicldings  & Plenjamin  F.  Wade.  One  year  later  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Wade, 
Mr.  Giddings  having  been  elected  to  Congress.  Wade  & 
Ranney  were  eminent  law’yers  until  1845,  "hen  Mr.  Ran- 
ney removed  to  Warren,  Trumbull  county.  He  w'as  nomi- 
nated, by  the  Democrats,  to  Congress  in  1846,  and  again  in 
1848,  but  the  Whigs  being  so  largely  in  the  majority  he 
was  defeated  each  time.  In  1850  he  w'as  elected  to  repre- 
sent Trumbull  and  Geauga  counties  in  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  which  W’as  held  in  Columbus  and  Cincinnati 
in  1850-51.  He  served  with  distinction  on  the  Judiciary, 
Revision,  Amendment  and  several  other  committees.  Al- 
though but  thirty-six  years  of  age,  the  debates  show'  that  his 
speeches  were  as  pow’erful  as  those  of  the  oldest  and  ablest 
membel'S.  The  counties  he  represented  warmly  approved 
of  his  course  in  the  convention.  The  Legislature  elected 
him  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  w'hen  the  new 
constitution  w'ent  into  effect  he  was  re-elected  Judge  of  the 
same  court  by  a large  vote.  In  1857  he  resigned  his  place 
on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1S56  he  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Convention,  in  Cincinnati,  which 
nominated  James  Buchanan  for  President,  and  that  year 
removed  to  Cleveland  and  became  a member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Ranney,  Backus  & Noble,  and  soon  after  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  to  fill  the  office  of  United  States 
District  Attorney.  The  office  he  did  not  .solicit,  and,  not 
pleased  with  its  duties,  resigned  it  in  a few  months.  In 
1862  the  Democratic  party  nominated  him  as  a candidate 
for  Supreme  Judge;  he  declined,  but  the  convention  posi- 
tively refused  to  accept  his  resignation,  and  he  w'as  elected 
in  spite  of  his  ow’n  wishes.  His  partner,  P'ranklin  T. 
Backus,  was  the  candidate  of  the  Republicans,  and  as  that 
party  were  in  the  majority  he  expected  Mr.  Backus  to  be 
elected — indeed  he  w'ould  have  been  willing  to  have  gone 
into  the  canvass  for  his  partner,  had  he  supposed  it  neces- 
sary, but  none  rejoiced  at  his  success  more  than  his  op- 
ponent, Mr.  Backus.  He  resigned  the  Judgeship  in  1864. 
His  decisions  gave  him  a national  reputation,  and  can  be 
found  in  XY.  “ Ohio  Reports,”  running  to  and  including 
V.  “Ohio  State,”  and  beginning  in  the  XIV.  “Ohio 
State”  and  continuing  to  and  including  XV.  “Ohio 
.State.”  In  1864  he  was  a member  of  the  convention 
which  nominated  General  George  B.  McClellan  for  the 
Presidency.  His  physical  and  mental  strength  w'as  re- 
markably great,  and  enabled  him  to  master  the  greatest 


472 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


difficulties  by  long  continued  efforts.  Although  his  oppor- 
tunities to  acquire  a classical  education  were  meagre,  yet  in 
later  life  he  became  a fine  classical  scholar.  Nearly  all  the 
accessible  books  on  science  and  art  he  became  almost  as 
familiar  with  as  their  authors.  The  Codes  Justinian  and 
the  Code  Napoleon  he  perused  in  their  own  languages.  Plis 
mind  was  so  richly  stored  he  had  no  trouble  in  retaining  the 
closest  attention  of  his  audiences.  His  best  monuments  are 
his  decisions,  which  are  so  clear  and  sound  iii  law  that  they 
will  ever  be  referred  to  with  pride  hy  every  legal  citizen  of 
Ohio.  In  1S71  he  received  from  the  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  It  was  unexpected  and 
unsolicited,  and  at  that  time  was  the  only  instance  in  which 
such  an  honor  had  been  conferred.  In  politics  he  has  ever 
been  a Democrat  in  the  best  sense  of  that  word — never  a 
politician,  as  it  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  he  could 
be  persuaded  to  accept  an  office.  In  1862,  by  request  of 
Governor  Tod,  he  travelled  through  a portion  of  central 
Ohio  to  persuade  the  people  to  fill  the  quotas  of  the  Federal 
troops  called  for  by  the  President.  He  entered  into  this 
work  with  his  whole  soul,  and  with  his  great  eloquence  told 
the  people  that  the  American  institutions  were  at  stake.  No 
man  in  Ohio  has  a larger  number  of  acquaintances  and 
friends,  the  result  of  his  great  kindness,  courtesy  and  benevo- 
lence. He  is  now  engaged  in  all  the  great  railroad,  com- 
mercial and  patent  cases  which  involve  severe  and  contested 
litigation.  He  has  been  spoken  of  as  a candidate  for  the 
Presidency. 

SOWNSHEND,  HON.  NORTON  S.,  M.  D.,  was 
born,  December  25th,  l8i5,at  Clay  Coaton,  North- 
amptonshire, England.  At  an  early  age  he  was 
placed  in  a boarding  school  at  Bitteswell,  near  Sut- 
terworth,  where  he  made  good  progress  in  element- 
ary English  studies.  In  the  spring  of  1830  his 
father  and  mother,  Joel  and  Rebecca  (Norton)  Townshend, 
emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  bought  a farm  in  Avon, 
Lorain  county,  Ohio.  Here  he  remained  at  work  on  the 
farm,  with  the  exception  of  a winter  term  spent  in  teach- 
ing the  district  school,  until  he  attained  his  majority.  In 
1837  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office  of 
Dr.  R.  L.  Howard,  of  Elyria,  subsequently  professor  of 
surgery  in  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
The  winter  of  1837  was  spent  in  attendance  on  medical 
lectures  at  Cincinnati  Medical  College;  the  winter  of  1839 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York, 
where  he  took  his  degree  at  the  close  of  the  term  in  1840. 
From  New  York  he  went  to  London,  Paris,  Edinburgh  and 
Dublin,  spending  in  medical  studies  in  those  cities  .some- 
thing more  than  a year.  Returning  to  Ohio  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  Elyria  in  1843,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  married  to  Harriet  N.,  daughter  of 
James  B.  Wood,  PNq.,  of  Avon,  Ohio.  Politically,  Dr. 
Townshend  was  identified  with  the  Liberty  party.  In  1848 


he  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Ohio  Legislature, 
and  was  one  of  those  who  secured  the  repeal  of  what  were 
known  as  the  “ Black  Laws,”  and  the  election  of  Hon.  S. 
P.  Chase  to  the  United  States  Senate.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  that  framed  the 
present  Constitution  of  the  State,  and  soon  after  was  chosen 
a member  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress.  Before  going  to 
Washington,  Dr.  Townshend  had  discontinued  the  practice 
of  medicine  and  removed  his  family  from  Elyria  to  the  old 
home  in  Avon.  In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
but  had  scarcely  taken  his  seat  before  he  was  called  home 
by  the  illness  and  death  of  Mrs.  Townshend.  During  that 
session  he  introduced  a bill  to  establish  a State  institution 
for  the  education  and  care  of  imbecile  and  feeble-minded 
youth.  Two  years  afterwards,  when  a similar  bill  was 
passed,  he  was  appointed  a trustee  of  the  institution,  a trust 
he  continues  to  hold  by  virtue  of  subsequent  appointments. 
Toward  the  close  of  1854  he  was  married  to  Margaret  A. 
Bailey,  of  Columbus.  In  1855-56-57  he  was  associated 
with  other  gentlemen  in  the  endeavor  to  establish  an  Agri- 
cultural College  in  northern  Ohio,  an  undertaking  which 
did  not  prove  a permanent  success.  In  1858  he  w'as  chpsen 
a member  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  was  three 
times  re-elected,  and  was  twice  President  of  the  Board.  In 
1859  he  was  a Delegate  to  the  Convention  at  Chicago, 
w’hich  nominated  Mr.  Lincoln  for  the  Presidency.  Early  in 
1863  he  received  the  appointment  of  Medical  Inspector 
United  States  Army,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  to  the  end  of  the 
war.  In  1867  he  accepted  a Professorship  in  the  Iowa 
State  Agricultural  College,  but  resigned  the  place  at  the 
end  of  the  succeeding  year.  About  this  time  he  became  a 
member  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science.  The  Ohio  Legislature  in  1S70  having  deter- 
mined to  establish  an  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College, 
in  accordance  with  the  law  of  Congress  donating  lands  to  the 
States  for  that  purpose.  Dr.  Townshend  was  one  of  the  trus- 
tees chosen  to  carry  the  measure  into  effect.  When  the 
college  W'as  opened  at  Columbus  in  1873,  he  w'as  appointed 
to  the  Professorship  of  Agriculture,  to  which  department 
botany  and  veterinary  medicine  were  temporarily  attached. 
The  acceptance  of  this  appointment  necessitated  his  removal 
to  Columbus,  of  which  city  he  is  now  a resident. 


PPLEGATE,  JOHN  WALL,  Attorney- at-Law, 
was  born  in  Princeton,  New'  Jersey,  February  23d, 
1818.  His  father,  engaged  through  life  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  was  an  active  participant  in  the 
war  of  1812.  He  received  a liberal  general  edu- 
cation at  Genesee  Falls,  New  York.  He  subse- 
quently followed  the  trade  of  carriage-making  in  his  native 
State  until  he  had  attained  his  tw'enty-third  year.  He  then 
pursued  for  about  three  years  a course  of  literary  study  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


473 


Genesee  P'alls  College,  and  upon  graduating  from  that  insti- 
tution was  appointed  as  one  of  its  tutors,  and  was  engaged 
in  teaching  during  several  succeeding  years.  In  1841  he 
removed  to  Ohio,  and  after  applying  himself  for  a time  to 
the  study  of  law  under  the  instructions  of  Judge  Timothy 
Walker,  of  Cincinnati — always  his  warm  and  intimate  friend 
— began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  this  city  in  1844. 
From  that  time  until  1874,  the  date  of  his  demise,  he  was 
constantly  and  successfully  engaged  in  professional  labors, 
lie  always  manifested  a persistent  aversion  to  office-holding, 
his  practice  being  too  extensive,  moreover,  to  allow  him 
leisure  for  political  operations.  Through  life  he  was  noted 
for  his  zealous  interest  in  the  cause  of  educational  reform, 
and  for  many  years  was  prominently  identified  with  the  ac- 
tions of  the  local  School  Board.  A love  of  family  associa- 
tions and  domestic  life  characterized  him  socially;  and  at 
an  early  age  he  became  an  earnest  and  devout  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church.  For  many  years  he  was  an  esteemed 
member  of  the  Wesley  Chapel,  of  Cin:innati.  Politically  he 
was  an  uncompromising  “Jackson  Democrat,”  but  during 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  distinguished  himself  as  an  active 
opponent  of  that  branch  of  the  Democratic  party,  known  as 
“the  Peace  Party.”  He  was  a man  of  quick  and  generous 
sensibilities,  fond  of  intellectual  conversation,  and  possessed 
a well-balanced  mind,  stored  with  varied  and  valuable 
learning.  He  was  married  in  1848  to  Mary  Williams,  of 
Cincinnati.  Six  children  were  born  of  this  marriage,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  decease  the  four  youngest  were  living. 


EGUR,  D.VNIEL,  Merchant  and  Real  Estate 
Dealer,  was  born,  1812,  in  Herkimer  county.  New 
York,  and  is  the  fourth  of  a family  of  eight  chil- 
dren. His  paternal  ancestry  were  of  French  ante- 
cedents, having  emigrated  to  Rhode  Island  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  centuiy,  to  escape 
the  persecutions  levelled  against  the  Huguenots.  His 
grandfather  was  a Brigadier-General  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Colonial  Militia  under  George  HI.,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
colonial  officers  who  declared  for  the  independence  of  the 
colonies  after  the  promulgation  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. Being  a man  of  means  he  invested  his  property 
in  continental  scrip,  to  aid  the  Congress  to  carry  on  the  revo- 
lutionary war,  and  although  he  was  the  owner  of  landed 
estates,  he  fell  into  straitened  circumstances,  in  consequence 
of  the  repudiation  of  the  continental  currency.  With  him 
the  parents  of  Daniel  removed  from  Rhode  Island  to  Herki- 
mer county.  New  York,  where  he  died,  after  suffering  years 
of  invalidism  consequent  upon  wounds  received  during  the 
revolutionary  conflict.  In  t8l5  Daniel’s  parents  removed  to 
Oneida  county  in  the  same  State,  where  his  father  engaged 
in  farming  and  miiling.  At  that  period  Oneida  county  was 
an  unsettled  wilderness,  the  Indians  from  whom  it  derived 
its  name  had  not  been  removed  to  Western  reservations,  and 
60 


Daniel,  in  his  infancy  and  early  childhood,  became  inured  to 
the  adventurous  life  and  the  hardships  and  privations  every- 
where incident  to  pioneer  life;  and  he  was  thereby  pecu- 
liarly well  fitted  to  encounter  them  again  in  his  early  man- 
hood, in  the  newly  settled  districts  of  Ohio.  The  severe 
labors  and  hardships  that  he  was  obliged  to  endure  in  a new 
country,  as  well  as  the  maintenance  of  a large  family,  ren- 
dered his  father  prematurely  aged  ; and  he  succumbed  to 
disease  in  his  forty-fifth  year.  Upon  Daniel  the  support  of 
his  mother,  of  an  invalid  sister,  and  numerous  younger 
brothers,  chiefly  devolved.  Having  evinced  talent  for  the 
legal  profession,  it  had  been  the  wish  of  his  father  to  edu- 
cate him  therefor,  but  the  early  death  of  his  parent  rendered 
it  necessary  for  Daniel  to  leave  school,  and  give  all  his  at- 
tention, time  and  energy  to  immediate  remunerative  labors. 
When  but  fifteen  years  of  age  he  took  leave  of  the  family, 
and  went  to  Utica,  where  he  found  employment  in  a hotel. 
Reserving  a scanty  pittance  for  his  own  wants,  he  remitted 
monthly  the  greater  part  of  his  earnings  to  his  mother.  His 
industry,  perseverance  and  sobriety  attracted  the  attention 
of  Henry  Huntington,  a wealthy  and  influential  citizen  of 
Rome,  New  York,  who  was  at  that  time  President  of  the 
Bank  of  Utica.  This  gentleman  offered  to  send  him  to 
school,  and  take  him  under  his  patronage,  but  his  elder 
brother,  who  had  established  himself  in  business  at  Buffalo, 
had  written  to  Daniel  to  join  him  there,  and,  imbued  with  a 
desire  of  going  farther  West,  he  removed  to  Buffalo,  and 
became  clerk  of  the  Mansion  House,  at  that  period  its  lead- 
ing hotel.  The  Mansion  House  was  a favorite  resort  with 
the  travelling  public,  who,  in  those  days  of  stage-coaches, 
frequently  rested  there  for  days,  before  resuming  their  jour- 
neys. The  then  prominent  men  of  Buffalo  also  passed  many 
of  their  evenings  within  its  portals.  Among  those  of  its 
guests  whose  names  have  become  historical  was  Joseph 
Smith,  the  Mormon  prophet.  Mr.  Segur’s  reminis- 
cences of  the  great  impostor  may  be  appropriately  men- 
tioned. He  relates,  that  during  the  autumn  of  1830,  while 
a convivial  company  of  Buffalo’s  leading  social  spirits  were 
gathered  in  the  office  of  the  Mansion  House,  among  whom 
he  remembers  George  P.  Barker,  subsequently  Attorney- 
General  of  New  York,  Stephen  K.  Grosvenir,  John  G. 
Camp,  and  Henry  Miller,  the  door  opened,  and  Ira  Bird, 
the  proprietor  of  a line  of  stages  from  Westfield,  entered  with 
a quaint,  antiquated-looking  man,  whose  eyes,  “ in  a fine 
frenzy  rolling,”  gave  the  company  the  idea  that  he  was  an 
escaped  lunatic.  Bird  introduced  him  as  a “ natural  cu- 
riosity,” named  Joseph  Smith ; and  “ why  a natural 
curiosity?  ” was  the  query.  “ Because,”  replied  Bird,  “ he 
has  a new  revelation,  which  is  going  to  turn  all  sinners  into 
saints.  He  has  a manuscript  which  will  explain  itself.” 
The  company  manifesting  curiosity  to  see  the  manuscript, 
Joseph  Smith  was  induced  to  produce  it.  Itrawing  it  from 
his  coat  pocket,  it  was  handed  to  Attorney  Barker,  who, 
from  a mischievous  inclination  to  create  merriment  at  the 
I expense  of  its  owner,  began  reading  therefrom.  The  re- 


474 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


semblance  of  its  composition  to  the  Bible  caused  several 
members  of  the  company  to  regard  it  as  a blasphemous 
work,  while  others  believed  Smith  to  be  an  escaped  lunatic 
or  a religious  monomaniac,  who  had  written  it  himself. 
Barker,  taking  the  latter  view,  threw  it  towards  the  fire, 
with  an  exclamation  of  contempt,  and  as  it  fell  immediately 
before  the  grate.  Smith  grew  frantic  and  screamed  out, 
“ Oil ! for  God’s  sake,  do  not  burn  my  jirecious  book ; it 
has  been  written  from  tablets  of  stone,  found  buried  at  my 
farm  at  Palmyra,  and  discovered  in  a miraculous  manner 
tlirough  dreams.  I was  led  by  the  angels  of  the  Lord  to  the 
place  where  the  stone  tablets  were  found  buried  in  a quarry. 
The  tablets  were  written  in  Greek,  and  I have  mortgaged 
my  farm  to  obtain  money  to  search  for  a Greek  scholar  to 
translate  and  transcribe  thein.”"  Barker  replied  to  him, 
“ Oh,  the  same  stones  will  be  just  as  good  to  write  another 
similar  humbug  of  a book;”  and  he  took  up  the  manu- 
.script  before  Smith  could  reach  it,  and  feigning  to  throw  it 
into  the  fire  again,  “ The  .stone  tablets  dissolved  the  instant 
they  were  copied,”  shouted  Smith,  in  apparent  agony,  run- 
ning towards  Barker  with  outstretched  arms — “ and  can 
never  be  replaced.  Oh  ! gentlemen,  give  me  my  precious 
manuscript,  or  I shall  be  ruined,  and  the  world  will  lose  the 
revelation  which  will  make  all  sinners  saints.”  Barker  was 
now  threateningly  holding  it  over  the  fire,  when  Smith  ap- 
pealed to  Segur,  saying,  “ Young  man,  you  appear  quick 
and  nimble  ; give  me  my  precious  papers,  and  I will  begone 
from  this  company  of  accursed  heathen.”  A pretended 
scuffle  for  its  possession  ensued  between  Barker  and  Segur, 
which  ended  by  the  former  yielding  it  to  the  latter,  who 
restored  it  to  Smith,  and  advised  him  to  retire  and  avoid 
further  trouble.  The  next  morning  Smith  left  Buffalo,  and 
in  the  following  spring  returned  with  a large  bag  filled  with 
Mormon  Bibles;  he  had  succeeded  in  having  them  pub- 
lished in  the  East,  and  was  returning  home.  When  he 
reached  Westfield,  Ira  Bird,  who  had  figured  so  conspicu- 
ously in  the  scene  at  the  Mansion  House,  just  referred  to, 
either  removed  the  books  himself,  or  caused  them  to  be  re- 
moved, and  filled  the  bag  with  blocks  of  wood.  Smith 
failed  to  discover  the  deception  until  he  reached  Erie,  when 
he  was  forced  to  retncc  his  journey  as  far  as  Westfield, 
where  he  succeeded  in  finding  his  missing  property.  Little 
did  the  mischief-loving  revellers,  who  so  tormented  Joseph 
Smith  at  this  period,  think  of  the  power  and  influence  for 
evil  which  the  manuscript,  they  came  so  near  destroying, 
compassed.  They  regarded  him  as  a harmless  old  fanatic, 
about  whose  idiosyncrasies  it  was  perfectly  safe  to  joke,  who 
would  never  be  heard  of  save  in  their  own  little  social 
sphere.  It  was  afterwards  ascertained  that  Smith  had  found 
the  manuscript  in  the  garret  of  a house,  in  which  some  of 
his  friends  had  resided  in  Conneaught.  The  house  had 
been  previously  inhabited  by  a clergyman  of  literary  ability, 
who  had  beguiled  his  leisure  hours  in  its  production,  and 
subsequently  had  cast  it  aside  as  worthless  amid  a barrel  of 
old  sermons.  In  1832  Daniel  removed  to  Cleveland,  where. 


with  his  eldest  brother,  he  kept  the  Mansion  House,  pros- 
pering pecuniarily,  until  the  autumn  of  1835,  when  the 
hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire.  In  the  following  spring  he  re- 
moved to  Toledo,  and  began  keeping  a hotel  in  what  was 
then  known  as  the  “Mansion  House,”  a large  wooden 
building,  situated  between  Lagrange  and  Locust  streets. 
At  this  period  the  speculative  mania  was  at  its  height. 
Many  Eastern  people  with  plethoric  pocket-books  filled  with 
Van  Buren’s  pet  bank-notes,  looked  upon  Toledo  and 
vicinity  as  a modern  El  Dorado  for  investments,  and  en- 
tered the  public  lands  for  many  miles  around  it,  believing 
that  in  so  doing  they  had  secured  a gold  mine.  As  money 
seemed  abundant,  hotel-keeping  was  a remunerative  occu- 
pation, and  Mr.  .Segur  acquired  a comfortable  compe- 
tence. Lhifortunately  for  him,  however,  he  was  induced  to 
embark  in  a more  extensive  and  pretentious  hotel  enterprise, 
and  leaving  the  Mansion  House,  he  completed  a new  hotel 
then  being  erected,  known  as  the  “American,”  at  the  corner 
of  Elm  and  Summit  streets,  and  removed  thither.  The 
financial  depression  consequent  upon  the  specie  circular  of 
General  Jackson  was  a severe  blow  to  the  prosperity  of 
Toledo.  The  speculative  mania  ended,  and  through  the 
inability  of  some  to  meet  their  pecuniary  engagements,  and 
the  dishonesty  of  others,  together  with  the  general  business 
depression,  Mr.  Segur  lost  every  dollar  he  had  amassed, 
and  again  began  life  as  poor  in  purse  as  when  he  left  his 
home  in  New  York  State.  In  1838  he  served  his  first  term 
as  a member  of  the  City  Council  of  Toledo,  and  from  that 
time  to  the  present  has  been,  with  but  l)rief  interruptions, 
connected  with  municipal  affairs,  and  has  also  held  numerous 
minor  city  and  county  offices.  In  1842  he  was  elected 
Street  Commissioner,  and  during  that  year  Cherry  street  was 
opened  under  his  supervision,  through  morasses,  swamps, 
and  a wilderness  of  jungles,  from  the  Manhattan  Canal  to 
Tremainsville.  He  was  re-elected  two  years  subsequently 
to  the  same  office,  and  under  his  supervision  a very  exten- 
sive series  of  grades  were  projected  and  executed,  which  at 
that  time  was  regarded  as  a herculean  undertaking.  Water 
street  was  graded  from  Monroe  street  to  La  Grange  ; and 
■Summit  street  from  Perry  to  Elm,  including  the  grading  of 
the  intervening  and  cross  streets  from  Summit  to  Water 
street,  as  far  as  La  Grange  street.  The  Whig  party,  of 
which  he  had  been  a prominent  member,  had  now  come 
into  power,  and  he  received  in  1845  the  appointment  of 
Collector  of  Canal  Tolls,  a position  which  he  held  for  six 
years.  During  this  period  his  salary  was  about  fifty  dollars 
per  month,  and  scanty  as  it  was  he  contrived,  aside  from 
supporting  his  mother  and  younger  brothers,  to  invest  small 
sums  in  real  estate  in  Toledo  and  vicinity;  and  from  this 
humble  beginning  has  now  grown  a comfortable  competence. 
Unlike  many  dealers  in  real  estate,  he  never  oppressed. the 
poor  nor  the  laboring  classes,  nor  did  he  take  advantage  of 
their  misfortunes  when  tliey  were  unable  to  meet  their  pecu- 
niary engagements;  frequently  waiting  ten  years  after  mort- 
gages were  due,  and  after  the  law  gave  him  power  to  fore- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


475 


clvose  them.  To  this  lenity  many  a now  prosperous  citizen 
of  the  Fifth  ward  can  bear  witness.  In  the  si.\  years  during 
which  he  held  tlie  office  of  Collector  of  Canal  Tolls  he  had 
handled  nearly  half  a million  dollars  of  State  funds,  and  in 
less  than  a week  after  resigning  the  position  to  his  successor 
his  accounts  were  settled  without  a deficit  of  a single  penny. 
Having  always  entertained  conservative  views  upon  the 
slavery  question,  when,  in  1855,  the  Whig  party  embraced 
an  anti-slavery  platform,  with  .Salmon  P.  Chase  as  one 
of  its  leaders,  he  united  with  the  Democratic  party,  to 
which  he  has  since  ailhered ; although  whenever  he  has 
been  a candidate  for  any  municipal  office  he  has  com- 
manded a majority  of  the  suffrages  of  the  Republican,  Demo- 
cratic and  Prohibitionist  parties,  all  seeming  to  forget  politi- 
cal doctrines  and  sympathies,  and  to  take  into  account  his 
efficiency  and  fitness  for  the  position.  In  1858  he  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Collector  of  Customs,  a position  which  he 
held  until  the  close  of  the  administration  of  President 
Buchanan.  Since  that  date  he  has  held  no  remunerative 
office,  although  connected  for  the  past  six  years  with  the 
municipal  government.  He  has  been  engaged  in  various 
industrial  pursuits,  including  farming,  the  dairy  business,  to- 
bacco culture,  real  estate  dealer,  and  merchandise;  at 
present  he  carries  on  a retail  boot  and  shoe  store,  also 
merchant  tailoring,  ready-made  clothing  and  furnishing 
goods.  Whenever  he  returned  from  his  temporary  removal 
beyond  the  city  limits  for  the  purpose  of  farming,  he 
was  unanimously  elected  to  the  Council  or  Aldermanic 
Board,  and  is  now  the  presiding  officer  of  the  latter.  In 
1872,  when  the  present  system  of  water  works  was  inau- 
gurated, he,  being  in  favor  of  the  direct  supply  system,  met 
with  most  determined  opposition  from  the  advocates  of  the 
stand-pipe  scheme,  a portion  of  the  local  press  became 
bitterly  opposed  to  him,  and  accused  him  of  being  engaged 
in  a “ring”  for  personal  purposes.  He  demanded  an  in- 
vestigation, and  the  one  who  had  been  his  chief  accuser 
acknowledged  that  he  had  been  mistaken.  Though  unsuc- 
cessful in  relieving  the  city  from  a useless  expenditure,  as 
he  believ'ed,  of  half  a million  of  dollars,  his  constituents  re- 
turned him  to  the  Council  by  a handsome  majority  of  the 
votes  of  all  parties.  He  has  been  repeatedly  urged  to  be- 
come a candidate  for  offices  of  more  distinction,  but  he  has 
preferred  to  devote  his  time  and  energies  to  the  develop- 
ment and  progress  of  the  city,  where  he  hasn  esided  for  forty 
years.  Although  somewhat  enfeebled  with  the  effects  of 
the  malaria — which  was  one  of  the  greatest  obstacles  the  city 
had  to  contend  with  in  its  infancy — he  bears  his  age  remark- 
ably well,  and  is  very  active  in  the  prosecution  of  both 
public  and  private  business,  and  from  present  indications 
can  still  reasonably  hope  for  years  of  future  usefulness. 
He  was  married  in  1841  to  Lucy  Keeler,  daughter  of  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Toledo.  She  died  childless  after  a brief 
union  of  one  year.  Ten  years  subsequently  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Rosa  L.  Klinge,  who  had  acquired  some 
local  reputation  as  a journalist,  which  has  been  subsequently 


increased  by  years  of  editorial  contribution  to  the  Toledo 
Commercial,  the  Toledo  Blade,  and  several  local  monthlies. 
By  this  union  he  has  two  surviving  children,  a son  and  a 
daughter. 


C,- 


^(.WiVORIMORE,  ANDREW  J.,  M.  D.,  was  horn,  Oc- 
tober 24th,  1824,  in  Wooster,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
son  of  James  and  Martha  Lorimore,  both  natives 
of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  fa- 
ther, who  was  of  Irish  descent,  was  born  in  the 
last  year  of  the  Revolution.  His  mother,  who  is 
of  Scotch  ancestry,  is  now  living  in  her  eighty-fifth  year. 
His  father  and  uncle,  Samuel  Lorimore,  were  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  were  with  General  Harrison  in  all  his  cam- 
paigns. Dr.  Lorimore  was  educated  at  Vermillion,  In- 
diana. He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Monticello, 
Indiana,  in  October  of  1853.  After  residing  in  Indiana  for 
nine  years,  he  located  at  Bryan,  Williams  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  for  nine  years  more,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  he  settled  permanently  in  Toledo.  He  has  won  suc- 
cess by  deserving  it.  After  twenty-six  years  of  active  life. 
Dr.  Lorimore  confines  himself  mostly  to  office  practice, 
which  is  sufficiently  taxing.  He  has  not  taken  an  active 
part  in  party  politics,  but  is  a close  observer  of  the  progress 
of  events.  He  has  married  three  times.  His  first  wife  was 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Hugh  McKibben,  of  Ashland,  Ohio;  his 
second,  Anna  M.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Stern ; and  his 
present  wife,  a daughter  of  William  Morris,  of  Stark  counly, 
Ohio. 


|EECHER,  LUCAS  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  New 
Haven  county,  Connecticut,  March  31st,  1798. 
He  is  the  son  of  Lines  and  Orpha  Beecher.  With 
them  he  went  to  Madison  counly  at  the  age  of  five 
years,  remaining  there  until  1816,  when  the  family 
moved  to  Genesee  county.  When  Lucas  was 
about  fourteen  years  of  age,  a hired  man,  with  whom  he  was 
working,  let  an  axe  fall  on  his  foot,  wounding  him  -so  se- 
riously that  his  left  leg  had  to  be  amputated.  His  early 
education  was  a matter  of  special  solicitude  with  his  parents, 
who  gave  him  all  the  advantages  within  reach.  In  the  winter 
of  1815-16  he  taught  school,  and  in  the  spring  of  the  latter 
year  attended  the  academy  at  West  Bloomfield,  New  York, 
for  one  year.  In  1818  he  returned  to  Madison  counly  and 
read  law  with  Hopkins  & Beecher,  of  Canaseraga,  New  York. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826.  He  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  the  same  year  in  Williamsport,  Ly- 
coming county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  until 
October,  1828,  during  which  time  he  married  Jane  W. 
Turk,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Turk.  In  1828  he 
moved  to  Sandusky,  Erie  county,  Ohio,  forming  a law  part- 
nership with  Hon.  Eleutheros  Cooke,  since  deceased.  He 


476 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


subsequently  joined  John  F.  Camiibell,  Esq.,  in  the  practice 
of  law,  and  next  associated  himself  with  Pitt  Cooke,  Esq., 
of  the  late  firm  of  Jay  Cooke  & Co.  In  later  years  he  was 
associated  with  Cuyler  Leonard,  Esq.  During  all  these 
years  he  has  been  a prominent  man  at  the  Sandusky  bar, 
where  he  is  now  practising  at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy- 
seven  years,  in  connection  with  his  son,  John  T.  Beecher. 
Mr.  Beecher’s  active  life  is  the  more  remarkable,  since  he 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  eyesight  in  1829.  He  has 
conducted  many  cases  of  importance  in  the  course  of  his 
long  and  useful  professional  career.  He  assisted,  as  an 
attorney,  in  securing  the  charter  of  the  old  Mad  River  & 
Lake  Erie  Railroad  Company,  the  first  railroad  west  of  the 
Allegheny  mountains,  and  obtained  most  of  the  rights  of 
way  for  that  corporation.  He  aided  materially  in  having 
Sandusky  selected  as  the  county-seat  of  Erie  county.  Mr. 
Beecher  enjoys  the  respect  of  his  brother  practitioners  and 
the  high  regard  of  his  fellow-citizens. 


ELLS,  J.  D.,  Pharmacist,  and  Member  of  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  on  a 
farm  near  Marion,  Ohio,  June  22d,  1835.  His 
aversion  to  agricultural  pursuits  led  him,  in  1849, 
though  still  a youth,  to  come  to  Cincinnati  with 
the  purpose  of  entering  the  business  arena  of  the 
Queen  City.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  secured  employment 
in  a drug  store,  which  in  common  with  other  pharmaceutical 
establishments  of  that  day  was  conducted  in  accordance 
with  the  crude  principles  then  extant.  By  dint  of  industry 
and  application,  he  advanced  steadily  in  his  chosen  profes- 
sion, and  by  close  economy  for  years,  saved  from  his  earn- 
ings a sum  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  enter  upon  a special 
course  of  study  at  the  college  at  College  Hill,  Ohio.  Here 
he  devoted  his  energies  to  the  mastery  of  chemistry,  Latin, 
and  bookkeeping,  the  three  great  essentials  for  future  suc- 
cess. He  kept  pace  with  the  wondrous  progress  of  phar- 
macy during  that  period,  and  at  the  present  day  when  it  has 
developed  into  one  of  the  leading  and  most  elegant  sciences 
he  is  recognized  as  one  of  its  most  thorough  and  conqdete 
devotees.  His  first  business  venture  on  his  own  account 
was  in  1859,  when  he  opened  a drug  store  at  the  corner  of 
PMurth  street  and  Central  avenue,  occupying  a part  of  the 
present  site  of  the  Grand  Hotel.  In  this  location  he  steadily 
increased  his  business  by  a rigid  adherence  to  and  enforce- 
ment of  professional  rules  and  strict  business  principles.  On 
August  27th,  i8bG,  he  was  married  to  E.  J.  Coon,  daughter 
of  the  well-known  citizen,  George  Coon,  Esq.,  who  has  for 
years  past  retired  from  active  business.  From  this  union 
four  children  have  been  born — two  sons  and  two  daughters, 
three  of  whom,  two  daughters  and  one  son,  are  living.  In 
1865  Mr.  Wells  found  it  necessary  to  seek  more  ample 
accommodations  for  his  enlarged  trade.  Accordingly  he 
erected  the  elegant  four-storied  block  of  buildings  on  the 


^ northeast  corner  of  the  same  streets,  reserving  for  his  own 
; use  the  corner  one  which  he  has  since  occupied.  It  is  fitted 
up  with  every  necessary  appliance  and  convenience  for  suc- 
cessful business  operations.  He  had  been  accustomed  to 
devote  his  whole  time  to  his  private  business,  but  in  1873 
he  was  induced  to  accept  the  nomination  for  Councilman 
from  his  ward,  and  was  elected  to  that  body,  where  he  de- 
voted himself  with  such  zeal  to  the  best  interests  of  the  city, 
that  in  1875  was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of 
j Aldermen  by  an  increased  majority.  His  success  in  life, 
j both  public  and  private,  is  the  legitimate  result  of  the  strict- 
I est  adherence  to  true  economical  principles,  and  a fearless 
advocacy  of  right  and  justice. 


i^IC  KS,  DAVID,  Coal  Merchant,  was  born.  May 
5th,  1819,  near  the  town  of  Morrow,  Warren 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  oldest  son  of  .Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Ireland)  Hicks.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  who  removed  to  Ohio  about 
the  year  1812,  and  settled  near  Hopkinsville,  on 
He  had  originally  been  a carpenter  by  trade,  but 
in  the  main  he  followed  agricultural  pursuits  through  life  ; 
he  died  on  his  farm  near  Morrow,  December  l6th,  1839. 

[ David’s  mother  was  a Virginian,  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
Ireland,  also  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Warren  county, 
where  he  located  about  1812.  He  was  a man  of  sterling 
integrity  of  character,  and  a public-spirited  citizen.  He 
participated  in  the  second  war  with  England.  Thus  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  ancestors  of  David  1 licks  were  early  settlers 
in  the  Miami  valley,  and  shared  the  dangers  and  vicissitudes 
I that  the  pioneers  of  those  days  had  to  encounter.  His  early 
■ education  was  limited,  being  only  that  taught  in  the  primi- 
tive log  school-house,  but  he  has  been  a close  reader  and  a 
keen  observer,  and  may  be  termed  a self-educated  man. 
When  not  attending  school  he  was  employed  on  his  father’s 
farm,  and  when  he  attained  his  majority  he  commenced 
farming  on  his  own  account,  being  engaged  in  the  same 
some  two  years.  In  1844  he  became  interested  in  several 
patent  rights  and  was  occupied  about  one  year  in  that  busi- 
ness. He  then  located  at  Rochester,  Warren  county,  where 
he  followed  the  butchering  business  for  four  years,  and 
thence  removed  to  Morrow,  where  he  carried  on  a livery 
stable  from  1849  1°  1852.  During  the  last-named  year,  he 
was  a contractor  engaged  in  building  a portion  of  the  Zanes- 
ville Railroad.  In  1853  he  purchased  a farm  on  the  line 
of  that  great  improvement,  and  the  place  was  named  in  his 
honor  I licks’ Station.  He  remained  on  the  farm,  constantly 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  until  1856,  when  he  returned 
to  Morrow,  and  resumed  the  livery  Irusiness.  In  1857  he 
purchased  the  Virginia  Hotel  in  that  town,  and  in  1859  en- 
gaged in  other  pursuits  of  a laborious  nature.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  in  1861  he  accompanied  the  4th 
Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  to  the  field  as  Master 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


477 


of  Transportation ; and  in  1863  filled  the  same  position  for 
the  staff  train  of  General  Burnside’s  division.  During  the 
remainder  of  the  war  he  was  stationed  at  Camp  Nelson, 
Kentucky,  as  Superintendent  of  the  general  designs  of  the 
camp.  He  returned  to  Ohio  in  1S65,  and  purchased  the 
Tremont  House,  Cincinnati,  of  which  he  continued  the  pro- 
prietor for  four  years,  meanwhile  carrying  on  for  a short 
period  the  real  estate  business.  In  1869  he  purchased  a 
coal  yard  in  the  Twenty-fifth  ward  of  Cincinnati,  which  he 
has  successfully  man.aged  in  connection  with  other  pursuits 
to  the  present  time.  His  political  faith  is  that  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  having  given  his  first  vote  in  1840  in  favor  of 
Martin  Van  Buren  for  the  Presidency.  From  the  above 
brief  statement  of  particulars,  it  will  be  seen  that  his  life 
has  been  an  unusually  varied  and  at  the  same  time  an  active 
one.  He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Re- 
becca J.  Worley,  a native  of  Warren  county,  Ohio,  to  whom 
he  was  united  August  14th,  i860;  she  died  November  28th, 
1862.  After  a widowerhood  of  nearly  three  years,  he  was 
married,  November  loth,  1865,  to  Harriet  McGaughey,  of 
Dayton,  Ohio. 

ORBES,  SAMUEL  FRANKLIN,  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  was  born  at  Canton,  Hartford  county, 
Connecticut,  June  8th,  1829.  He  is  the  son  of 
Guy  Forbes  and  Harriet  (Sage)  Forbes.  For 
more  than  a hundred  years  his  ancestors  have 
lived  in  Connecticut.  Squire  P'orbes,  of  Litch- 
field, his  great-grandfather,  cast  cannon  for  Washington’s 
army  during  the  war  of  independence,  and  was  among  the 
first  to  develop  the  coal  and  iron  mines  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
which  State  he  had  large  interests.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  laid  the  foundation  of  his  literary  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Connecticut  and  New  York,  and  from 
private  tutors.  His  father  and  mother  dying  when  he  was 
about  fourteen  years  of  age,  he  went  to  live  with  his  brother- 
in  law,  Dr.  S.  L.  Heath,  of  Ulster  county.  New  York,  with 
whom  he  began  to  read  medicine  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  years. 
He  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures  at  the  University 
of  New  York,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  March, 
1850.  Shortly  after  graduating  he  attached  himself  to  the 
Emigrants’  Hospital  on  Ward’s  Island,  New  York,  spend- 
ing most  of  the  years  1850  and  1851  in  that  institution, 
where  he  h.id  ample  opportunity  to  add  practical  skill  to 
technical  education.  Leaving  New  York  he  settled  perma- 
nently at  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  that  city  in  January  of  1852.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  Deputy  Collector  and  United  .States  Marine 
Hospital  Physician  for  Toledo.  The  former  office  he  re- 
tained for  but  one  year,  as  it  interfered  with  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1855  appointed  County  Physician, 

which  office  he  held  until  he  entered  the  army  in  1861,  as 
Surgeon  of  the  67th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  arose  to 
be  brigade,  division,  and  acting  corps  surgeon.  After  two 


years  of  active  service  an  exhausting  disease  compelled  Dr. 
Forbes  to  resign,  much  to  the  regret  of  his  superior  officers. 
While  in  the  army  he  performed  among  others  a diffi- 
cult operation  on  Corporal  Henry  Gibbs,  of  Company  K, 
67th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  Dr.  Forbes  re- 
moved the  whole  lower  jaw  so  skilfully  that  the  patient 
entirely  recovered  in  four  weeks  without  external  deformity. 
Dr.  George  A.  Otis,  Assistant  Surgeon-General  of  the  United 
States  Army,  considered  this  an  extraordinary  operation, 
reflecting  great  credit  upon  Dr.  Forbes,  and  establishing  his 
reputation  as  a surgeon  of  high  order.  (See  “ Medical  and 
Surgical  History  of  War  of  the  Rebellion,”  part  1st,  pages 
370  and  379.)  Dr.  Forbes  is  the  author  ot  “ A new  Ampu- 
tation through  the  P'oot,”  a descriyUion  of  which  was  read 
before  the  Ohio  Medical  Association  and  accorded  high 
praise  by  Dr.  Mussey,  of  Cincinnati,  and  other  prominent 
surgeons.  After  leaving  the  army  Dr.  Forbes  was  elected 
Health  Officer  for  Toledo  in  1866.  His  efficient  service  in 
this  position  secured  for  him  the  thanks  of  the  City  Council 
and  the  commendation  of  his  fellow-citizens  generally.  His 
annual  report  was  made  the  basis  of  the  present  excellent 
health  law  of  Ohio.  In  1871  he  resigned  the  office  of  City 
and  County  Physician,  to  which  he  had  been  a second  time 
appointed  in  1865,  and  accepted  the  position  of  Surgeon  to 
the  Lake  Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad  Company, 
which  he  now  holds.  Dr.  P'orbes  has  made  a special  study 
of  surgery,  in  which  branch  of  the  profession  he  has  built 
up  a large  practice.  In  1855  he  married  Mary  De  Forest, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  N.  H.  De  Forest,  of  Kings- 
ton, Ulster  county.  New  York,  of  which  union  two  children, 
a girl  and  a boy,  still  living,  were  born. 


fft^ODDSWORTH,  THOMAS,  Coal  Merchant,  was 
born,  P'ebruary  24th,  1822,  in  England,  and  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Mannaduke  Doddsworlh.  The 
latter  came  to  the  United  States  in  1832,  and 
located  in  Cincinnati,  his  family  following  him 
one  year  thereafter.  He  engaged  in  the  coal 
business,  and  was  assisted  therein  by  his  sons.  Thomas 
had  the  advantages  of  such  schools  as  the  city  then  afforded, 
but  like  most  business  men  of  his  age,  acquired  the  greater 
part  of  his  education  in  the  actual  business  of  life.  He  was 
early  put  to  work,  driving  teams  and  doing  such  other 
tasks  as  could  be  performed  by  a boy  twelve  years  old.  He 
continued  with  his  father  until  1847,  when  in  connection 
with  his  brother,  Marmaduke,  Jr.,  he  purchased  his  father’s 
establishment,  and  the  old  house  of  T.  & M.  Doddsworlh 
was  formed,  and  their  main  office  became  one  of  the  land- 
marks of  Cincinnati,  having  been  placed  at  the  corner  of 
Lawrence  and  P'ront  streets  in  1831,  where  it  yet  remains 
after  a lapse  of  forty-five  years.  After  the  death  of  Marma- 
duke, the  younger,  the  business  passed  entirely  into  his  own 
hands,  and  the  name  of  Thomas  Doddsworth  is  one  of  the 


478 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


oldest  and  most  reliable  of  the  coal  merchants  of  Cincinnati. 
Probably  no  other  dealer  carries  such  a large  amount  of 
stock  or  assumes  such  great  risks  in  the  uncertain  coal  trade 
of  the  Ohio  river,  lie  has  passed  unscathed  through  all 
the  great  fluctuations  of  this  trade,  and  is  now  doing  a busi- 
ness of  between  two  and  three  million  bushels  yearly.  Of 
the  sixty-two  million  bushels  of  coal  and  coke  shipped  by 
river  from  Pittsburgh  during  the  year  1875,  at  least  one- 
third  was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Cincinnati  merchants. 
He  is  not  connected  with  any  fraternal  organizations,  nor 
is  he  any  politician  ; nevertheless  during  the  civil  war  he 
gave  unwavering  support  to  the  cause  of  the  Union,  and 
although  unable  to  go  to  the  field  himself  was  represented 
there  by  one  whom  he  selected  and  equipped  for  service. 
During  his  long  residence  in  the  city,  he  h.as  been  domiciled 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  time  in  the  old  Third  ward.  He 
was  married  in  1847,  at  Cincinnati,  to  Susan  Bean,  and  is 
the  father  of  nine  children. 


WINE,  JOHN,  Constable  of  the  Second  Ward  of 
Cincinnati,  was  born.  May  21st,  1829,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  is  the  third 
of  six  children  whose  parents  were  Conrad  and 
Anna  M.  (Renner)  .Swine,  both  formerly  of  that 
country.  His  father  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1835  and  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  followed  his  trade, 
that  of  a master  mechanic,  his  specialty  being  blacksmithing, 
until  his  death.  John  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  city,  and  at  fourteen  years  of  age  began  life 
on  a steamboat  on  the  (.)hio  river.  He  continued  in  this 
calling  for  about  four  years,  and  then  was  engaged  in  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  in  mercantile  pursuits,  for  a period  of  two 
years.  He  thence  went  to  New  Orleans,  but  only  remained 
a few  days,  returning  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  found  employ- 
ment for  a while  and  then  embarked  in  the  meat  and  pro- 
vision business,  wliich  he  carried  on  for  some  four  years. 
He  next  went  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  tarried  for 
two  years,  chiefly  engaged  in  mechanical  pursuits;  returning 
again  to  Cincinnati,  he  effected  an  engagement  with  A.  D. 
Bullock  & Co.,  where  he  remained  two  years.  In  1S58  he 
went  to  Baltimore,  where  he  worked  for  William  Wilkins 
& Co.  of  that  city  for  about  a year.  T.a  1859  he  purchased 
a hotel  on  Piith  street,  Cincimrati,  which  he  carried  on  for 
six  months,  but  as  the  enterprise  did  not  succeed  very  well, 
he  disposed  of  the  same  and  then  opened  and  operated  a 
meat  and  provision  store  for  a year.  In  1861  he  went  to 
New  York  city,  where  he  was  employed  by  Amasa  Leonard 
& Co.  for  about  two  years.  In  1863  he  returned  once  more 
to  Cincinnati  and  embarked  in  the  hair  and  bristle  business, 
in  which  he  was  engaged  for  about  a year,  when  he  aban- 
doned it  and  became  a general  trader  and  speculator.  In 
1S67  he  was  elected  Constable  of  what  was  then  the  Twen- 
tieth Ward  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  seven  times  re-elected  ; 


he  now  acts  as  Constable  of  the  Second  Ward.  He  is 
eminently  adapted  for  the  responsible  duties  of  that  position, 
which  as  an  elective  office  is  one  of  the  most  honorable  in 
the  gift  of  the  people.  His  political  faith  is  that  of  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  is  a man  of  temperate  habits  and  of 
much  general  reading  and  observation.  He  is  faithful  in 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  is  pleasant  and 
affable,  and  of  firm  and  determined  manners.  He  was 
married,  October  1st,  1851,  to  Ellen  E.  Hyndman,  a native 
of  Ireland. 


g;V  -d 


gD 


ARSONS,  GENERAL  SAMUEL  HOLDEN,  was 
born  at  Lyme,  county  of  New  London,  Connecti- 
cut, May  14th,  1737.  He  was  the  third  son  of 
Rev.  Jonathan  Parsons,  a distinguished  clergyman  ' 
of  New  Englanil.  His  mother  was  a sister  of 
Governor  Matthew  Griswold.  Among  his  early 
friends  was  John  Adams,  afterwards  President.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1761  he  married  the  daughter  of  Richard  Mather,  of 
Lyma.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  politics,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  revolutionary  war  at  once  became  conspicu- 
ous as  a patriot.  Throughout  the  war  he  was  one  of  the 
boldest  of  the  American  generals,  and  was  one  of  the  board 
of  officers  which  tried  General  Andre  of  the  British  army, 
charged  with  being  a spy.  In  1785  he  was  appointed  by 
Congress  one  of  a board  of  commissioners  to  treat  with  the 
Indians  for  the  cession  of  a large  tract  of  territory,  a portion 
of  which  afterwards  became  the  site  of  Cincinnati.  In  1787 
he  was  appointed  Judge  in  and  over  the  territory  of  the 
United  .States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  in  1789 
Chief  Judge  of  the  .same,  with  Hon.  John  Cleves  Symmes 
and  General  James  Varnum  as  associates.  In  November, 
1789,  while  returning  to  Marietta,  on  his  way  back  from 
negotiating  a treaty  with  the  Indians,  he  was  drowned  in 
the  rapids  of  the  Big  Beaver  river. 


MNKER,  CAPTAIN  HENRY  IL,  Soldier,  was 
born,  April  15th,  1836,  in  New  York  city,  and  is 
the  fourth  of  five  children,  whose  parents  were 
Jeremiah  and  Mary  (Clark)  Tinker.  His  father 
was  a merchant;  he  died  in  New  London,  Con- 
necticut, in  1841.  His  mother  survived  her  hus- 
band eight  years;  she  died  in  1849,  in  Edgartown,  Martha’s 
Vineyard.  Henry  received  a liberal  education  in  Connect- 
icut, and  in  1851  entered  a mercantile  house  in  New  Lon- 
don. In  the  following  year  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where 
he  found  employment  in  a dry-goods  house,  and  so  remained 
until  the  civil  war  broke  out.  He  had  been  a member  for 
some  time  of  the  old  Guthrie  Grays  of  Cincinnati,  and  he 
immediately  enlisted  in  the  6th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  as  Captain  of  Company  H,  accompanied  this  regiment 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP-'LDIA. 


479 


for  three  years.  The  command  participated  in  the  heaviest 
and  hottest  battles  of  the  war.  At  Stone  River  Captain 
Tinker  was  shot  through  the  head,  and  at  Chickamauga 
was  wounded  in  the  right  knee  and  incapacitated  for  future 
service.  He  was  confined  to  his  bed  for  one  year  before 
he  could  walk  with  crutches ; and  these  latter  have  been  his 
aids  and  companions  ever  since.  In  1870  he  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  one  year,  and  in 
the  autumn  of  that  year  was  elected  for  the  full  term  of 
three  years.  Notwithstanding  his  severe  e.xperience  as  a 
soldier,  and  the  active  duties  of  his  life,  he  enjoys  uninter- 
rupted good  health,  and  bids  fair  to  reach  the  limit  of  three- 
score years  and  ten. 

Qjt^^RIFFITH,  JOHN  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  July  2d, 
Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
I the  first  of  eleven  children  of  James  Griffith  and 
<75^^  Mary  (Simpson)  Griffith.  James  Griffith,  a native 
of  Bucks  county,  and  a blacksmith  by  trade, 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1817,  in  Bethel,  Clermont 
county,  where  he  farmed  during  the  latter  years  of  his  life, 
and  died  in  1864.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  notice 
was  also  a native  of  Bucks  county,  and  a daughter  of  John 
Simpson,  who  settled  in  Clermont  county  in  1818,  where  he 
was  a leading  agriculturist  until  his  death,  in  1837.  Plan- 
nah,  daughter  of  John  Simpson,  was  married  to  Jesse  R. 
Grant,  father  of  General  Ulysses  S.  Grant.  The  ancestors 
of  John  Simpson  were  identified  with  the  Revolution  and 
the  war  of  1812.  His  preliminary  education  was  limited  and 
received  at  the  common  schools.  In  early  life  he  worked 
on  his  father’s  fami  and  in  the  blacksmith  shop,  alternating 
with  speculating  on  the  river,  until  he  was  about  twenty- 
five  years  old.  In  1839  he  began  reading  law  under 
Thomas  J.  Buchanan,  a prominent  attorney  of  Batavia, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841.  He  immediately  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Bethel,  Clermont 
county,  laboring  industriously  there  until  1852,  when  he 
moved  his  office  and  residence  to  Batavia.  Mr.  Griffith  has 
since  remained  in  Batavia,  having  built  up  a large  and  pay- 
ing practice.  In  1857  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  the  h'ifth  Judicial  District  of  Ohio, 
serving  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  'which  time  he  was 
renominated  and  defeated  by  the  Know  Nothing  party.  In 
1857  he  was  again  elected  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  He  was  the  first  in  his  district  to  be  elected  Clerk 
under  the  new  Constitution,  the  office  having  been  pre- 
viously filled  by  appointment.  With  the  exception  of  this 
one  public  office,  Mr.  Griffith  has  always  refused  to  accept 
political  preferment,  notwithstanding  frequent  solicitation. 
He  ca.st  his  first  vote  for  Andrew  Jackson,  and  has  acted 
with  the  Democratic  party  since  then.  He  is  a man  of  strict 
integrity,  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  who 
know  him.  In  the  course  of  a long  professional  career  he 
has  established  a reputation  as  an  able  lawyer  and  a useful 


citizen.  He  has  found  time  from  his  professional  labors  to 
read  the  best  current  literature  and  cultivate  the  refining  in- 
fluences of  life.  In  1S43  he  married  Ann  Amelia  Harris, 
of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  by  whom  he  is  the  father 
of  seven  children. 


VANS,  EDWARD  P.,  Lawyer,  was  born.  May 
31st,  1816,  near  Russelville,  Brown  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  the  oldest  of  ten  children  born 
to  William  Evans  and  Mary  (Patton)  Evans. 
His  father,  who  was  of  Welsh  descent,  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  who  emigrated  to  Ken- 


tucky at  an  early  date,  subsequently  settling  in  Brown 
county,  Ohio,  about  1808,  where  he  resided  as  a farmer 
until  his  death,  ia  1873,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-six 
years.  William  Evans  was  an  active  participant  in  the  war 
of  1812,  passing  through  the  scenes  of  that  .struggle  in  the 
Northwest.  He  was  an  upright  man  and  a zealous  Chris- 
tian. He  was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The 
mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  of  Scotch  descent, 
a native  of  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia,  and  a daughter  of 
John  Patton,  a prominent  V’irginia  fanner,  and  a character 
honorably  mentioned  in  the  history  of  that  State.  Edward 
P.  passed  the  first  eighteen  years  of  his  life  working  on  a 
farm  at  eight  dollars  a month  during  the  summer,  and  at- 
tending the  country  school  in  winter.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  had,  by  industry  and  economy,  saved  a little  money. 
With  this  he  went  to  Ripley  and  took  a course  of  study 
under  a private  tutor.  After  about  four  months  so  spent, 
he  went  to  Decatur,  Ohio,  and  studied  under  the  super- 
vision of  Professor  Wright  for  about  five  months.  By  this 
time  he  had  acquired  an  unusual  education  for  his  day  and 
locality,  and  Mr.  Evans  began  teaching  school  and  reading 
law  in  Brown  county.  He  taught  school  at  intervals  for 
the  next  five  years.  In  1844  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
after  which  he  taught  school  for  one  term  in  order  to  pro- 
cure the  funds  necessary  to  start  him  in  his  profession. 
When  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  he  had  been  living  at 
Sardinia,  on  the  line  of  Highland  and  Brown  counties, 
having  been  practising  in  the  minor  courts  for  two  years. 
He  now  moved  to  West  Union,  seat  of  justice  of  Adams 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided  in  the  control  of  an  ex- 
tensive practice.  Mr.  Evans  has  always  taken  a deep 
interest  in  public  affairs,  but  has  never  sought  or  accepted 
office.  In  1856,  during  the  Fremont  campaign,  he  stumped 
the  southern  counties  of  Ohio,  in  company  with  Caleb  R. 
■Smith,  R.  W.  Clarke,  and  R.  M.  Corwine.  He  took  an 
active  interest  in  Mr.  Lincoln’s  election,  and  stumpeil  sev- 
eral counties  in  his  behalf.  During  the  rebellion  he  was 
Chairman  of  the  Military  Committee  of  Adams  county. 
Mr.  Evans  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Salmon  P.  Chase,  and 
like  him  was  an  early  opponent  of  .slavery.  Since  1862  he 
has  been  a partner  in  the  banking  house  of  G.  B.  Grimes  & 
Co.,  of  West  Union.  In  religion  Mr.  Evans  is  a Calvinist. 


480 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/^EDIA. 


He  is  a man  of  forcible  character  and  affable  manner,  cour- 
teous in  his  social  relations  and  respected  by  the  community. 
In  May,  1839,  Mr.  Evans  married  Amanda  J.  King,  a na- 
tive of  Brown  county,  by  whom  he  is  the  father  of  three 
children. 


g)^WIEI'ERT,  HON.  JOSEPH,  was  born,  December 
llth,  1810,  in  the  towm  of  VValdburg,  Ettenheim, 
Germany.  His  father  was  a gunsmith  in  the 
Dukedom  of  Baden,  and  died  when  Joseph  was 
seven  years  of  age.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
attended  the  common  schools  until  he  was  four- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  began  a three  years’  apprentice- 
ship as  a stone-cutter  and  mason.  Having  finished  his 
apprenticeship,  he  worked  for  three  years  as  a journeyman, 
when,  in  the  military  draft,  he  drew  number  five  and  w'as 
booked  for  six  years.  After  serving  three  years  in  the 
army,  from  1831  to  1833,  he  found  a way  to  leave  the  ser- 
vice. His  mother  advanced  him  a little  money,  which  he 
added  to  his  scanty  savings,  hired  a substitute  for  the  equiv- 
alent of  a hundred  American  dollars,  and  left  home,  April 
loth,  1834,  en  route  for  America.  He  took  ship  at  Havre, 
and  after  being  forty-eight  days  out,  landed  at  Baltimore. 
Soon  after  landing  he  started  with  three  others  for  Cincin- 
nati, making  the  journey  on  foot,  via  Wheeling  and  Ports- 
mouth. When  Mr.  Siefert  reached  Cincinnati  his  cash 
account  showed  just  five  five-franc  pieces  — about  five 
dollars — in  hand.  Within  half  an  hour  after  arriving  in 
Cincinnati  he  was  at  w'ork,  wdth  hammer  and  trowel,  laying 
stone  for  Mr.  Hickock,  to  wLom  he  had  engaged  himself  at 
one  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents  a day.  At  the  end  of  six 
months  Mr.  Siefert  obtained  a contract  on  his  own  account 
from  Mr.  William  Doman,  building  agent  of  the  United 
States  Bank.  From  this  small  beginning  he  went  on  build- 
ing up  a rapidly  increasing  business.  Cincinnati  was 
glowing  as  a trading  and  manufacturing  centre,  and  there 
was  no  lack  of  work  for  builders.  Mr.  Siefert  secured  a 
large  share  of  this  business,  and  within  a few  years  em- 
ployed 150  men.  In  1847  he  built  a bridge  over  Congress 
street.  He  contracted  for  the  construction  of  sewers, 
public  buildings,  and  public  work  generally.  He  built  the 
Little  Miami  Depot,  the  first  large  tank  for  the  gas  com- 
pany, Langworth’s  nine  cellars,  and  a number  of  brewers’ 
vaults.  P'or  ten  years  he  was  a member  of  the  Soldiers’ 
Relief  Union  for  the  Tenth  Ward,  and  for  eight  years 
represented  that  ward . in  the  City  Council.  For  seven 
years  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Sew.age  Committee,  and 
headed  the  Committee  on  the  City  Infirmary  for  four  years. 
He  was  a Director  of  the  Longview  Asylum  for  nine  years. 
During  the  war  Mr.  Siefert,  with  the  aid  of  two  others, 
raised  $11,000  within  two  hours,  and  thus  relieved  the 
Tenth  Ward  of  his  city  from  the  draft.  He  was  Captain 
of  a company  during  the  Kirby  Smith  raid.  Since  coming 
to  this  country  Mr.  Siefert  has  made  two  trips  to  Europe. 


The  first  he  made  in  1853,  to  bring  home  with  him  the  six 
sons  of  his  brother,  who  had  died  in  the  fortifications  of 
Rastadt,  where  he  had  been  confined  for  taking  part  in  the 
revolution.  In  1872  Mr.  Siefert,  accompanied  by  his  wife 
and  youngest  son,  made  the  grand  tour  of  Europe.  The 
City  Council  saw  him  off  with  a band  of  music,  and  on  his 
return  he  was  welcomed  by  that  body  and  the  German 
Pioneer  Association,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  projectors. 
In  addition  to  the  public  buildings  which  Mr.  Siefert  has 
erected,  he  has  built  a number  for  himself,  which  he  still 
holds.  Though  his  life  has  been  a busy  one,  he  has  all 
of  his  faculties  well  preserved,  with  a good  prospect  of  more 
years  of  usefulness.  December  28th,  1837,  he  married 
Elizabeth  Brosmer. 


AGGONER,  MARSHALL  O.,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
October  8th,  1826,  in  Huron  county,  Ohio.  His 
father,  Cyrus  Waggoner,  was  a son  of  George 
Waggoner,  who  served  for  more  than  seven  years 
in  the  revolutionaiy  army,  under  the  direct  com- 
mand of  General  George  Washington,  and  who 
died  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty  years.  The  paternal 
side  of  the  family  is  of  German  origin.  The  maternal 
grandfather,  Joseph  Ozier,  a worthy  representative  of  an 
old  Vermont  family,  was  a great  sufl'erer  during  the  war  of 
1812,  on  account  of  aid  given  to  American  soldiers  on  Can- 
adian soil,  where  he  then  resided.  Marshall  O.  attended 
school  in  Huron  county  until  his  sixteenth  year,  which 
comprised  all  the  advantages  then  afforded  him.  He  went 
to  work  at  an  early  age,  first  at  wagon  and  carriage  manu- 
facturing, then  at  the  undertaking  business,  and  was  subse- 
quently engaged  for  a number  of  years  in  the  sale  of 
groceries,  provisions,  and  drugs  at  Norwalk.  This  business 
had  assumed  large  proportions  when  the  panic  of  1857 
came  upon  the  country ; but  so  well  had  he  managed  his 
affairs,  so  carefully  had  he  husbanded  his  resources,  that, 
notwithstanding  the  many  who  suffered  in  his  section,  his 
name  was  among  the  few  untarnished  ones  who  did  not 
fail  in  business.  Soon  after  this  event  he  abandoned  mer- 
cantile pursuits  and  read  law.  Upon  admission  to  the  bar 
he  commenced  practice,  connecting  therewith  fire  and  life 
insurance,  in  Which  he  was  successful  beyond  expectation. 
His  talents  and  industrious  habits  attracted  the  attention  of 
insurance  men,  and  in  January  of  1869  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  and  Indiana  for  the 
Guardian  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  at  Toledo, 
Ohio.  To  this  position  he  brought  an  already  established 
reputation  as  a competent  insurance  man  and  a judicious 
manager.  To  this  he  added  materially  by  successful  opera- 
tions in  his  new  field.  July  ist,  1871,  two  years  and  a half 
from  the  date  of  his  appointment,  Mr.  Waggoner  sold  out 
the  business,  which  his  own  energy  had  built  up,  for  the 
handsome  sum  of  $30,000.  The  next  year  Mr.  Waggoner 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.HDIA. 


481 


spent  on  the  European  continent.  Returning  to  this  coun- 
try, he  spent  most  of  the  year  1S72  in  Independence, 
Montgomery  county,  Kansas,  in  the  practice  of  law,  in 
partnership  with  L.  \V.  Humphrey  and  A.  M.  York.  The 
latter  played  a prominent  part  in  the  Legislature  of  Kansas, 
during  the  session  of  1873,  damaging  exposures  impli- 
cating Senator  S.  C.  Pomeroy,  then  a candidate  for  re- 
election,  and  whom  he  charged  with  bribery  and  corruption. 
In  1874  Mr.  Waggoner  returned  to  Ohio  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  Ira  E.  Lee,  an  old  member  of  the  Toledo 
bar  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  The  firm  of 
Lee  & Waggoner  still  lives,  thrives,  and  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  ablest  in  the  city  of  Toledo.  Mr.  Waggoner  is  a 
leading  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  one  of  its 
most  active  workers.  He  was  travelling  manager  for  the 
World's  Masonic  Register,  and  chiefly  instrumental  in 
making  it  so  popular  during  the  years  1857-58-59-60, 
when  the  Register  was  published  by  Leon  Hineman,  at 
Philadelphia.  By  virtue  of  being  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
the  Western  Reserve,  Mr.  Waggoner  is  a member  of  the 
Firelands  Pioneer  Society.  Successful  in  business,  he  is 
exact  in  the  discharge  of  his  obligations  as  citizen,  and  held 
in  high  respect  in  his  social  relations.  July  4th,  1871,  Mr. 
Waggoner  married  his  present  wife,  Harrie  A.  Boutelle,  of 
Onondaga  county.  New  York. 


AVIS,  HENRY  IL,  was  born.  May  9th,  1822, 
Canada  East.  He  is  the  fifth  of  eleven  children 
of  Edmond  Davis  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Davis, 
both  natives  of  New  Hampshire.  His  father 
was  a farmer  all  his  life,  ending  his  days  on  his 
farm  in  Canada  East.  Henry’s  early  education 
was  very  limited,  but  he  has  been  a constant  reader  and 
close  observer  of  men  and  things,  adding  constantly  to  a 
valuable  store  of  practical  knowledge.  He  remained  on 
the  home  farm,  a-ssisting  his  aged  parents,  until  he  was 
about  twenty-two  years  old,  when  he  went  to  New  Hamp- 
shire, spending  a year  in  Manchester  as  a hard-working 
teamster.  Going  to  Boston,  he  engaged  in  the  same  busi- 
ness in  partnership  with  J.  C.  Batchelder,  retaining  tliis 
connection  for  two  years.  He  then  went  into  a shoe  and 
leather  store,  where  he  was  employed  for  about  six  months. 
He  then  turned  his  attention  to  the  hotel  business,  to  which 
he  has  since  devoted  his  attention.  He  was  interested  in 
the  Albany  Hotel,  of  Boston;  Linfield  Hotel,  near  Salem; 
and  the  Essex  House,  of  Salem,  Massachusetts.  He  moved 
to  Cincinnati  in  1853,  and  from  that  time  until  1856  the 
Broadway  Hotel  was  under  his  superintendence.  From 
1856  to  1859  Captain  Davis  was  proprietor  of  the  Taylor 
House,  at  Cairo,  Illinois.  I his  hotel  was  nearly  destroyed 
by  the  great  inundation  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  com- 
pletely destroyed  by  fire  while  Captain  Davis  was  conduct- 
ing it.  During  the  inundation  he  was  obliged  to  take  his 
61 


wife  and  children  out  of  the  second-story  window,  and  row 
them  in  a boat  to  a place  of  safety.  In  the  fire  he  nearly 
lost  his  life  in  his  efforts  to  save  his  guests.  He  was  finally 
left  in  the  second  story,  with  no  means  of  escape  save  by 
jumping  from  the  window.  This  he  did  with  no  more 
serious  result  than  a severe  shock.  In  i860  Captain  Davis 
joined  William  Marsh  in  the  management  of  the  Walnut 
.Street  House,  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  until  the  fall 
of  1864.  He  then  bought  the  Palmer  House,  at  Indianapo- 
lis, Indiana,  selling  it  at  the  end  of  six  months.  His  next 
venture  was  the  purchase  of  the  Broadway  Hotel,  Cincin- 
nati, which  he  sold  in  1867,  buying  the  Walnut  Street 
House  and  disposing  of  that  in  1873.  I”  'S74  he  took 
charge  of  the  Avenue  Hotel,  on  Spring  Grove  avenue,  near 
Cincinnati — a fine  building  and  a popular  house.  Here  he 
conducts  a first  class  hotel,  complete  in  all  of  its  appoint- 
ments. No  host  in  Hamilton  county  is  more  popular  than 
Captain  Davis.  In  Cincinnati,  1854,  he  married  Laura 
Goldsmith,  of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  by  whom  he  is  the 
father  of  seven  children. 


laborer. 


’ARTHUR,  GENERAL  DUNCAN,  Pioneer  and 
Governor  of  Ohio,  was  born  of  Scotch  parentage, 
ill  Dutchess  county.  New  York,  in  1772.  In 
1780  his  father,  a man  in  poor  circumstances,  re- 
moved to  the  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania.  When 
of  sufficient  age  Duncan  hired  out  as  a farm 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  a volunteer  in 
Harmer’s  Indian  campaign,  and  on  one  occasion  acted  with 
so  much  gallantry  as  to  ever  afterwards  secure  the  confi- 
dence of  the  frontiersmen.  After  the  war  he  labored  in  the 
salt  works  near  Maysville,  Kentucky,  and  in  the  years  fol- 
lowing accompanied  General  Massie  on  his  surveying  expe- 
ditions. He  also  was  engaged  as  a spy  against  the  Indians, 
and  in  this  capacity  had  more  than  one  hairbreadth  escape. 
He  studied  surveying,  became  an  assistant  to  General 
Massie,  and  helped  to  lay  out  the  town  of  Chillicothc.  In 
1805  he  was  a member  of  the  Legislature  from  Ross  county, 
and  in  1806  he  was  Colonel,  and  in  1808  Major-General  of 
the  State  militia.  In  the  war  of  1S12  he  was  a Colonel  of 
Ohio  volunteers,  and  at  Detroit  he  and  his  regiment  were 
included  in  IIuU’s  surrender.  He  was  second  in  command 
on  this  unfortunate  expedition.  After  his  return  on  parole 
the  Democratic  party  elected  him  to  Congress  by  an  over- 
whelming majority.  After  his  exchange  he  was  made  a 
Brigadier-General,  and  resigned  his  scat  in  Congress.  He 
served  with  distinguished  gallantry  throughout  the  ivar,  and 
at  its  close  was  in  command  of  the  American  forces  in  the 
Northwest.  In  1815  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legisla- 
ture. During  the  next  three  years  he  was  commissioned  to 
negotiate  several  treaties  with  the  Indians.  In  1817  he 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Legislature.  Several  times  a 
member  of  this  body,  he  was  again  elected  to  Congress  in 


482 


yiOGRArillCAL  EXCVCLOP.RDIA. 


1822.  After  serving  two  sessions  he  declined  a re-election, 
and  devoted  himself  to  his  land  business.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  on  the  expiration  of  his 
term  was  again  a candidate  for  Congress.  Losing  the  elec- 
tion, he  quit  politics.  In  June,  1830,  he  was  badly  injured 
by  an  accident,  and  never  recovered.  Ilis  physical  and 
mental  powers  declined,  though  he  lingered  several  years. 
He  died  about  the  year  183S.  He  was  a hospitable  man, 
but  close  in  business  transactions.  His  life  was  an  exam- 
ple of  what  an  iron  will  can  accomplish.  From  the  ob- 
scurity of  a backwoodsman  he  rose  to  the  highest  ofirce  in 
the  gift  of  the  people  of  Ohio.  His  last  residence  was 
known  as  “Fruit  Hill,”  near  Adena,  Ross  county.  He 
was  the  father-in-law  of  Hon.  William  Allen,  ex-Governor 
of  Ohio. 


ARRERE,  HOX.  NELSOX,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
April  1st,  1808,  at  New  Market,  then  the  county- 
seat  of  Highland  county,  and  is  the  seventh  of 
twelve  children  whose  parents  were  George  W. 
and  Abigail  (Mills)  Barrere.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  what  is  now  Wheeling,  West  Virginia; 
but  when  he  was  born — March  l6th,  1770 — it  was  known 
as  Red  Stone  Fort.  He  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
mainly  through  life,  although  for  some  years  he  devoted 
particular  attention  to  surveying  and  trading.  He  removed 
to  Highland  county  in  1803,  and  was  the  first  Deputy  Sur- 
veyor in  the  military  district  of  which  Highland  county 
formed  a part.  He  held  various  public  offices  during  his 
long  residence  there,  having  been  a Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
many  years,  a member  of  the  Ohio  Senate  for  nine  years, 
and  was  one  of  the  Associate  Judges  for  fourteen  years. 
He  had  been  in  the  Indian  wars  from  1791  to  1795;  he 
was  present  at  St.  Clair’s  defeat,  and  was  under  General 
Wayne  at  the  battle  of  Fallen  Timber.  He  also  partici- 
pated in  the  war  of  1812,  and  witnessed  the  surrender  of 
Hull.  He  was  prominently  identified  with  the  various 
public  enterprises  of  Highland  county  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  October  31st,  1829.  X’elson’s  mother  was 
a native  of  Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  a daughter  of  Thomas 
Mills,  an  early  pioneer  of  that  county,  then  known  as  Mason 
county.  He  built  Mills  .Station,  an  early  Indian  fort. 
X’elson  was  early  taught  industrious  h.abits;  he  worked  on 
a farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  going  to  school 
during  the  winter  months.  He  then  passed  a year  at  the 
High  School  of  Hillsborough,  and  in  1827  entered  the 
freshman  class  of  Augusta  College,  Kentucky,  a prominent 
institution  of  learning  at  that  time,  and  whose  graduates  are 
numbered  among  some  of  the  most  distinguished  gentlemen 
of  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  1830,  having  by  extra  study  completed  the  whole  course 
of  four  years  in  three  years  and  a half.  He  was  enabled  to 
effect  this  by  studying  through  vacation.  After  a year  of 
leisure  he  commenced,  in  1831,  the  study  of  law  in  Hills- 


I borough  under  the  preceptorship  of  the  late  Judge  John  W. 

Price.  He  read  assiduously  for  some  two  years,  and  after 
^ a most  thorough  and  searching  examination  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  on  December  23d,  1833.  He  immediately 
opened  an  office  in  Hillsborough,  and  remained  there  about 
nine  months  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  As  there 
seemed,  however,  to  be  a paucity  of  clients,  he  removed  to 
West  Union,  in  Adams  county,  in  October,  1834,  and  there 
formed  a legal  copartnership  with  Samuel  Brush,  and  en- 
tered upon  his  professional  duties  forthwith.  The  partner- 
ship lasted  but  a single  year,  yet  he  continued  at  West 
I Union,  and  was  very  successful,  he  having  a large  and 
lucrative  practice  during  the  twelve  years  he  resided  there. 
During  this  period  he  was  elected  a representative  to  the 
General  Assembly,  and  served  in  that  body  during  the 
session  of  1837-38.  Owing  to  climatic  influences,  by  which 
his  health  became  somewhat  impaired,  he  left  West  Union 
in  1846  and  returned  to  Hillsborough,  where  he  has  ever 
since  resided,  engaged  in  the  control  of  an  extensive  legal 
practice,  and  is  now  the  leading  as  well  as  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  Highland  county.  In  1850  he  represented 
the  district  composed  of  Brown,  Highland,  Adams,  and 
Clermont  counties,  in  the  Thirty-second  Congress.  During 
his  term  of  service  in  that  body  he  was  conspicuous  for  his 
opposition  to  the  land  swindles  at  that  time  being  initiated. 
He  defended  the  action  of  the  committee  appointed  to  in- 
vestigate the  slanders  aspersing  the  character  of  Governor 
‘ and  Senator  Thomas  Corwin,  with  reference  to  the  cele- 
brated “Gardner  claims”  — an  investigation  influenced 
strongly  by  Xelson  Barrere,  and  which  exonerated  Governor 
Corwin  from  its  charges,  and,  so  far  as  the  action  of  Con- 
I gress  was  concerned,  was  decisive  and  satisfactory.  He 
has  been  intimately  identified,  more  or  less,  with  all  the 
! public  enterprises  affecting  the  interests  of  his  native  county, 

1 and  has  ever  been  conspicuous  for  public  spirit.  In  politi- 
' cal  belief  he  is  now  a Democrat,  and  his  first  vote  was 
i polled  for  Henry  Clay.  His  religious  faith  is  that  taught 
by  the  Methodist  Church.  He  is  most  agreeable  and 
courteous  in  manners,  and  his  private  character  is  unim- 
peachable. He  has  ever  been  an  energetic  and  industrious 
! worker,  a safe  and  reliable  counsellor,  and  a persevering 
and  successful  advocate.  He  has  never  been  married. 


MITH,  CHARLES,  President  of  the  Trumbull 
National  Bank,  Warren,  Ohio,  was  born,  August 
I2th,  1803,  in  Washington  county.  New  York 
State,  and  is  a son  of  Justice  and  Charlotte 
(Delemater)  Smith.  He  accompanied  his  parents 
when  they  removed  to  Ohio,  in  1811,  and  .settled 
in  the  town  of  W’arren,  where  his  father  purchased  a saw 
and  grist  mill  property.  Charles  received  his  education  at 
the  common  school  of  Warren.  When  he  was  fourteen 
years  old,  together  with  an  elder  brother,  he  took  the  con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 


483 


tract  to  carry  the  United  Stales  mail  between  Warren  and 
Pittsburgh.  In  this  occupation  he  continued  four  years, 
traversing  on  horseback,  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  the  rough 
roads  of  that  region,  which  passed  through  long  stretches  of 
the  primeval  forest.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Warren,  in  which  he  continued  until 
i860,  having  a long  and  successful  career  of  commercial 
enterprise.  He  was  one  of  the  principal  projectors  of  the 
Trumbull  National  Bank,  founded  in  1866,  and  has  been 
its  President  from  its  organization  until  the  present  time. 
The  institution  over  which  he  presides  has  always  been 
conducted  on  those  conservative  principles  which  a long 
acquaintance  with  commercial  enterprises  has  convinced 
him  to  be  the  ti'ue  policy  of  bankers,  whose  highest  aim  is 
to  afford  unquestionable  security  for  their  trusts. 


(PU 

'^ll  •,  ANNIN,  EI)\NARD,  Pastor  of  the  St.  Patrick’s 
Congregation  in  Toledo,  was  born  on  December 
22d,  1825,  in  Ballymole,  .Sligo  county,  Ireland. 
He  is  the  son  of  Barclay  and  Margaret  (Tighe) 
Hannin,  his  father  being  a farmer  near  Ballymole. 

He  received  an  education  fitting  him  for  a civil 
engineer  and  mercantile  business.  At  first  he  engaged  in 
civil  engineering  until  he  became  twenty  years  of  age,  being 
at  that  age  employed  by  the  government  as  Superintendent 
of  Public  Works.  He  moved  to  Liverpool  in  1847,  em- 
barking in  mercantile  life,  but  returned  home  in  1849,  dur- 
ing the  depression  of  the  affairs  of  the  country.  Subse- 
quently he  sailed  for  the  United  States,  and  soon  after 
landing  was  persuaded  by  clergymen  with  whom  he  became 
acquainted  to  study  for  the  ministry.  He  made  his 
preparatory  studies  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Geneva,  New 
York.  Entered  St.  Mai7’s  Theological  Seminary,  Cleve- 
land, in  1853,  and  was  ordained,  June  1st,  1856,  and  placed 
at  the  Cathedral  in  Cleveland.  Becoming  interested  in  the 
temperance  cause,  he  at  once  organized  societies  which 
have  since  become  famous,  also  organizing  sister  societies 
in  Cleveland  and  adjoining  towns.  In  1862  he  moved  to 
Toledo,  Ohio,  taking  charge  of  a congregation  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  city,  having  up  to  this  date  formed  a part  of 
the  only  Catholic  congregation  in  the  city.  In  1862  he 
built  St.  Patrick’s  Church.  The  following  year  he  erected 
a large  hall  in  the  rear  of  the  church,  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  temperance  societies,  using  it  also  for  a school 
room  for  the  children  of  his  parish.  In  1864  he  erected 
•St.  Patrick’s  Academy,  and  in  the  following  year  a wing  to 
the  building  which  is  used  for  his  residence.  In  1866  he 
purchased  grounds  in  the  Fifth  ward,  and  built  a church 
there.  Four  years  later,  upon  the  resignation  of  Bishop 
Rappe,  of  Cleveland,  he  was  appointed  Administrator  of  the 
diocese,  and  moving  to  the  above-named  city  remained 
there  until  the  consecration  of  Bishop  Gilmore.  In  1872 
he  returned  to  Toledo  and  assumed  charge  of  St.  Patrick’s 


Parish.  The  following  year  he  purchased  grounds  and 
erected  St.  Patrick’s  Institute,  immediately  opposite  the 
church  ; the  institute  being  dedicated  the  17th  day  of  March, 
1874,  in  the  presence  of  Governor  Allen  and  staff,  and 
many  of  the  leading  men  of  the  State.  The  institute  is 
furnished  with  billiard  tables,  bowling-alley,  a gymnasium, 
library,  and  reading-room,  for  the  entertainment  of  young 
men.  There  is  also  an  audience  hall  capable  of  seating 
one  thousand  people.  In  the  academy  are  some  five  hun- 
dred children,  and  eight  first-class  teachers  paid  by  the 
congregation.  There  are  three  temperance  organizations 
connected  with  the  parish.  Father  Hannin,  since  his  resi- 
dence in  Toledo,  Ohio,  has  always  been  foremost  in  pro- 
moting the  interests  and  welfare  of  his  parishioners,  and  has 
ever  taken  an  active  part  in  everything  tending  towards  the 
welfare  of  Toledo,  Ohio. 


(^/HOMSON,  EDWARD,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Bishop  in  the 
Methodist  Church,  was  born  at  Portsea,  England, 
in  October,  1810.  His  parents  belonged  to  the 
wealthier  of  the  middle  class  of  the  English  popu- 
lation. The  family  emigrated  to  this  country  in 
1819,  and  settled  at  Wooster,  Ohio.  The  parents 
were  able  to  give  their  children  all  the  educational  adv'an- 
tages  attainable  in  that  section  at  that  time.  When  still  a 
youth  Edward  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  in 
1829  he  received  his  degree  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  practised  his  profession  at  Wooster  for  a 
comparatively  short  time.  At  this  period  he  was  not  a reli- 
gious man  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  though  he  had 
been  raised  by  a Christian  mother,  and  was  a moral  and 
well-behaved  young  man  of  good  address  and  polished 
manners.  But  there  were  influences  surrounding  him  tend- 
ing to  drift  him  into  the  troubled  sea  of  doubt  and  skepti- 
cism. Before  these  influences  had  obtained  a very  strong 
hold  upon  him,  he  attended  a camp-meeting  service,  and 
listened  to  a sermon  from  the  lips  of  Rev.  Russel  Bigelow. 
This  sermon  wrought  such  a change  in  him  that  he  at  once 
became  a professing  Christian,  and  soon  after  an  aspirant 
for  ministerial  labor.  In  1833  he  was  admitted  on  trial  in 
the  Ohio  Conference,  and  appointed  to  the  Norwalk  Cir- 
cuit.  His  next  appointment  was  at  Sandusky  City.  In 
I 1835  his  name  appears,  with  that  of  J.  M.  Trimble,  at  the 
Fourth  Street  Church,  Cincinnati.  In  1836  he  was  fully 
admitted  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1837,  through  a division  of 
the  conference,  he  was  found  in  the  Michigan  Conference, 
and  .stationed  at  Detroit.  In  this  city  he  labored  with  zeal, 
and  was  rewarded  with  abundant  success.  In  1838  he  was 
made  Principal  of  the  Norwalk  Academy,  and  remained 
there  several  years,  when,  in  1844,  the  General  Conference 
elected  him  editor  of  the  Ladies'  Repository.  To  this  posi- 
tion he  brought  .su|ierior  abilities,  and  his  sphere  of  useful- 
ness was  considerably  enlarged.  When  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 


484 


lilOGRAI'IIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


University  was  founded  at  Delaware,  he  was  chosen  its  first 
President,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the  spring  of  t847. 
In  this  new  field  of  labor  his  ripe  scholarship  found  full 
play,  and  his  faculties  were  brought  into  vigorous  maturity. 
In  1S60  he  was  elected  to  the  editorial  chair  of  the  Chris- 
tian Advocate,  at  New  York,  and,  although  the  change  was 
not  of  his  choice,  he  accepted  the  position  and  (juitted  the 
college  regretfully.  In  1844-116  had  been  created  a Doctor 
of  Divinity,  by  Augusta  College,  and  in  1855  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  IaUws  had  been  conferred  by  the  Wesleyan  E^ni- 
versity.  The  General  Conference  of  1S64  created  him  a 
Bishop,  and  he  soon  after  made  a visit  to  all  the  foreign 
missions  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  organized  the  India 
Mission  Conference.  Upon  his  return  he  made  a tour  of 
the  Southern  States,  and  organized  a conference  at  New 
Orleans.  His  episcopal  labors  were  continuous,  and  every- 
where acceptable.  lie  was  married  in  1837  to  Maria 
Louisa,  daughter  of  lion,  M.  B.irtley,  afterwards  Governor 
of  Ohio.  Slie  died  in  1S63,  and  in  1865  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Annie  E.  Howe,  of  Delaware,  Ohio,  who  sur- 
vives him.  His  last  sickness  was  short,  and  his  loss  an  un- 
expected one  to  the  church.  He  died,  March  22d,  1870, 
at  Wheeling,  W'est  Virginia,  where  he  was  temporarily 
stopping.  He  was  liuried  with  imposing  services  at  Dela- 
ware, Ohio,  the  scene  of  his  most  successful  labors. 


^'OLEINS,  REV.  JOHN,  Minister  of  the  Pioneer 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Ohio,  was  born, 
November  1st,  1769,  in  New  Jersey.  Early  in 
life  he  became  an  earnest  and  devout  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  and  determined  to  become 
a preacher,  a resolution  which  he  carried  into 
effect  with  characteristic  energy,  His  earlier  efforts  in  his 
chosen  vocation  as  preacher  gave  little  promise  of  his  future 
eminence.  So  small  was  the  evidence  they  gave  of  special 
qualification,  that  his  wife,  solicitous  for  his  reputation  and 
usefulness,  advised  him  to  desist,  believing  that  he  could 
never  succeed.  He  replied  to  her,  in  all  candor,  that  he 
thought  her  predictions  quite  likely  to  be  correct,  but  never 
theless,  although  he  might  never  be  a successful  preacher 
himself,  he  purposed  to  continue  trying  until  he  should  be 
instrumental  in  converting  some  one  who  would  be  a 
preacher.  His  subsequent  career  showed  how  unfounded 
were  his  wife’s  misgivings,  and  how  wise  was  his  own  de 
termination.  In  the  year  1801  he  visited  the  Northwestern 
Territory,  now  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  in  the  following  year 
he  removed  his  family  to  the  West,  and  settled  on  a farm  in 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  on  the  east  fork  of  the  Little  Miami 
river,  about  twenty  five  miles  east  of  Cincinnati.  In  1S04 
he  preached  the  first  Methodist  sermon  ever  preached  in 
Cincinnati.  The  meeting  was  held  in  an  upper  room,  and 
the  congregation  comprised  twelve  persons.  He  also 
preached  the  first  Methodist  sermons  heard  in  Ripley,  Day- 


ton, and  Urbana.  In  1807  he  travelled  the  Miami  Circuit, 
in  connection  with  B.  Larkin,  an  excellent  preacher.  In 
iSoS  he  travelled  the  Scioto  Circuit,  and  in  1809  and  1810 
the  Deer  Creek  Circuit.  He  was  next  assigned  to  the 
Union  Circuit,  which  embraced  the  towns  of  Lebanon  and 
Dayton.  In  the  years  1819  and  1820  he  was  Presiding 
Elder  of  the  Scioto  District.  In  1821  and  1822  he  was 
stationed  in  Cincinnati.  The  following  year  he  was 
stationed  in  Chillicothe,  and  in  1824  he  was  appointed  to 
the  Cincinnati  District,  and  afterwards  to  the  Miami  Dis- 
trict. He  continued  to  travel  in  this  district  during  the 
years  1825,  1826,  and  1827.  Next  he  was  transferred  to 
the  .Scioto  District,  where  he  labored  from  1828  to  1831. 
In  1832  and  1833  he  was  on  the  New  Richmond  Circuit. 
He  returned  to  the  Cincinnati  Station  in  1834,  and  in  1835 
he  travelled  the  White  Oak  Circuit.  This  was  the  last  cir- 
cuit he  ever  travelled.  On  the  minutes  of  the  Ohio  Annual 
Conference  of  1836  he  was  returned  as  superannuated, 
which  relation  remained  unchanged  until  his  death.  He 
died  at  M.aysville,  Kentucky,  at  the  residence  of  his  son. 
General  Richard  Collins,  August  21st,  1845.  His  last 
words  were,  “ Happy,  happy,  happy!”  On  his  death  the 
official  members  of  the  church  at  Maysville  passed  resolu- 
tions expressive  of  their  grief  at  his  loss,  and  of  the  highest 
appreciation  of  his  labors  and  eminent  qualities  as  a gospel 
minister.  It  may  truly  be  said  of  him  that  he  was  one  of 
the  most  eminent  and  eloquent  jireachers  in  the  early  days 
of  Methodism  in  southern  Ohio.  He  married  Sarah  Black- 
man, a woman  of  great  energy  and  force  of  character,  and 
whose  life  was  an  embodiment  of  the  Christian  virtues. 
She  was  a sister  of  Leander  Blackman.  In  the  spring  of 
1797,  shortly  after  her  husband  assured  her  of  his  determina- 
tion to  “ keep  trying  to  preach  until  he  had  converted  some 
one  who  would  preach  successfully,”  her  brother  Leander 
was  converted  through  the  preaching  of  her  husband.  This 
was  in  1800,  and  the  new  convert  at  once  entered  the 
ministry  and  worked  in  it  with  extraordinary  power,  earnest- 
ness, and  success  until  his  death,  some  fourteen  years  later. 
No  more  devoted,  zealous,  eloquent,  or  successful  preacher 
labored  in  the  church  than  he.  His  eloquence  is  described 
as  something  wonderful.  His  presence  was  commanding 
and  attractive,  his  voice  rich,  melodious,  and  greatly  ex- 
pressive, and  the  fervor  of  his  utterances  almost  irresistible. 
None  could  listen  to  him  unmoved,  and  during  the  time  of 
his  ministrations  thousands  were  converted  through  his 
agency.  As  early  as  1809  he  was  Presiding  Elder  in  the 
Cumberland  District  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
embracing  all  of  West  Tennessee,  ])art  of  Middle  Tennessee 
on  the  Elk  and  Duck  rivers,  Madison  county  in  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  and  all  of  Kentucky  below  the  mouth  of 
Green  river,  with  the  counties  of  Ohio  and  Breckinridge 
above  Green  river.  To  this  day  many  an  old  pioneer  re- 
members the  sympathy  excited  and  the  profound  sorrow  felt 
in  Cincinnati  and  throughout  the  Methodist  Church,  when 
his  death  occurred  in  1S15.  It  was  a few  days  after  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


485 


adjournment  of  conference  in  Cincinnati.  He  and  his  wife 
were  crossing  the  Ohio  river  in  an  open  ferry-boat.  The 
horses  on  the  boat  became  frightened,  and,  running  to- 
gether, forced  several  of  . the  passengers  overboard  into  the 
river.  Leander  Blackman  was  among  the  number.  He 
swam  for  some  time,  but  before  help  reached  him  he  sank 
and  was  drowned  in  full  view  of  his  agonized  wife.  His 
body  was  recovered  and  followed  to  the  grave  by  a vast 
concourse  of  friends. 


G" 


I 


to  '!  <!/  >1? 


c 


REES,  D.WID,  Physician,  was  born,  March  15th, 
1S09,  in  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  the  third  of  the  thirteen  children  of  Henry 
and  Magdalena  (Henney)  Crees.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  although  of  German  ex- 
traction, was  a carpenter  and  cabinetmaker  by 
trade.  He  died  in  Iowa,  in  1847.  The  mother,  a native 
of  Fairfield  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  also  of  German  ex- 
traction. The  early  training  of  David  was  of  the  most 
wholesome  description,  and  established  him  securely  in 
those  habits  of  strict  integrity,  rigid  temperance,  energy  and 
untiring  industry  which  have  been  his  marked  character- 
istics through  life.  He  worked,  until  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age,  upon  a farm,  attending  school  as  he  found 
opportunity  at  the  district  schools  in  his  neighborhood, 
These  opportunities  were  not  frequent,  however,  and  he 
was  obliged  to  be  content  with  but  little  schooling.  He 
made  up  in  a measure  for  this  deprivation  by  industrious 
and  intelligent  reading  in  his  leisure  hours.  When  he  had 
reached  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Pittsburgh,  to 
learn  the  trade  of  carpenter.  He  mastered  the  trade  with 
the  thoroughness  and  worked  at  it  with  the  industry  which 
characterized  whatever  he  undertook.  His  trade,  however, 
did  not  monopolize  all  his  attention  and  energy,  and  was 
regarded  by  him  as  merely  the  stepping-stone  to  something 
else.  His  inclination  had  early  been  towards  the  medical 
profession,  for  which  he  developed  a remarkable  talent. 
In  1830  he  began  reading  medicine,  pursuing  a regular 
course.of  study  in  such  leisure  hours  as  he  could  command. 
He  had  selected  the  homoeopathic  school  of  medicine,  and 
his  studies  were  guided  by  strong  faith  in  the  principles  of 
method  he  had  chosen.  He  continued  working  at  his 
trade,  but  eventually,  after  studying  assiduously  until  he 
felt  himself  qualified  to  apply  the  principles  he  had  mas- 
tered, and  then  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  offered,  he 
gave  advice  as  a medical  practitioner,  and  from  the  first 
with  very  marked  success.  He  remained  at  Pittsburgh 
until  March,  1838,  when  he  removed  to  Ross  county,  Ohio. 
There  he  stayed  until  1841,  and  in  February  of  that  year 
he  removed  to  Portsmouth,  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
has  ever  since  resided.  He  continued  to  work  at  his  trade 
as  carpenter  until  1850,  keeping  up  his  medical  studies 
meanwhile  and  practising  medicine  from  time  to  time.  In 
1850  he  began  to  give  his  attention  almost  exclusively  to 


medical  practice,  and  in  1851  he  finally  renounced  his  trade 
as  carpenter,  and  has  ever  since  devoted  his  entire  time  and 
energy  to  the  practice  of  his  self-acquired  profession.  He 
has  practised  with  untiring  industry  and  with  almost  uni- 
form success  in  and  around  Portsmouth,  and  has  long 
occupied  an  acknowledged  position  in  the  very  front  rank 
of  the  profession  in  that  community.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican,  but  he  has  never  sought  or  held  a political 
office  of  any  description.  He  is  a member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  and  he  is  not  only  a Christian  in  profession, 
but  in  his  unblemished  integrity  of  character.  .Socially  he 
is  pleasant  and  affable,  and  is  liked  for  his  agreeable 
qualities  no  less  than  esteemed  for  his  sterling  traits  of 
character.  He  is  essentially  a self-made  man,  and  through 
his  own  efforts  has  risen  to  deserved  and  enduring  promi- 
nence. He  was  married  in  1835  to  Isabella  Jane  Fleming, 
of  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  this  union  has 
resulted  in  seven  children. 


ULLIVANT,  JOSEPH,  was  born  in  Ohio,  De- 
cember 3d,  1809.  He  is  a son  of  I.ucas  Sullivant 
and  Sarah  Starling,  and  brother  to  Michael  Sul- 
livant, the  famous  American  farmer.  William 
Sullivant,  LL.  D.,  an  author  of  celebrity  (now 
deceased),  was  also  his  brother.  From  his  early 
years  Joseph  was  an  eager  devourer  of  books.  At  school 
his  desire  to  learn  and  his  retentive  memory  made  the 
ordinary  tasks  easy  of  accomplishment.  He  attended  the 
two  first  classical  schools  established  in  Columbus,  and  was 
afterwards  sent  to  the  boarding  school  at  Washington,  Ohio, 
then  under  the  management  of  Rev.  Philander  Chase, 
Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Ohio.  From  Washington  he  went 
to  the  Ohio  University,  and  finally  to  Centre  College, 
Kentucky.  An  early  taste  for  the  natural  sciences,  which 
was  stimulated  by  his  father,  a lover  and  close  observer  of 
nature,  Joseph  entered  on  a regular  course  of  scientific 
study,  and  with  good  results.  Before  he  had  reached  his 
majority  he  was  appointed,  by  the  Legislature,  one  of  the 
corporators  of  the  Philosophical  and  Historical  Society  of 
Ohio,  of  which  for  several  years  he  was  Corresponding 
Secretary  and  Curator.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
Columbus  Lyceum,  a free  literary,  scientific  and  library 
association,  of  which  he  was  President.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Athenaeum,  an  institution  similar  to  the 
lyceum.  For  forty  years  Mr.  .Sullivant  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  all  the  scientific  and  literary  enteiqirises  of 
Columbus.  He  has  been  a frequent  lecturer  on  scientific 
topics  before  the  associations  of  that  city.  He  has  long 
been  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  public  schools,  and  for 
twenty  years  was  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
being  President  thereof  for  part  of  the  time.  Upon  retiring 
from  the  Board  he  was  requested  to  sit  for  his  bust,  which 
has  been  placed  in  the  High  School  hall.  As  another 


486 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


mark  of  esteem,  and  in  recognition  of  efficient  and  gratui- 
tous services,  the  largest  and  finest  school  building  in 
Columbus  has  beyn  named  “ Sullivant  School.”  Mr.  Sul- 
livant  has  long  been  a member  of  the  American  Scientific 
Association;  Treasurer  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture; Trustee  and  President  of  the  Starling  College;  and 
Trustee  and  Secretary  of  the  Mechanical  College  of  Ohio. 
He  has  been  a frequent  contributor  to  the  press.  Mr.  Sul- 
livant was  originally  a Henry  Clay  Whig,  often  serving  on 
the  Whig  County  and  State  Central  Committees.  Of  recent 
years  he  has  been  a Republican.  He  has  been  married 
three  times:  first,  to  Margaret  Irvin  McDowell,  daughter 
of  Colonel  Joseph  McDowell,  of  Danville,  Kentucky,  who 
died  in  giving  birth  to  an  only  daughter.  His  second  wife 
was  Mary  Eliza  Brashear,  granddaughter  of  Judge  William 
McDowell  and  Peggy  Madison,  sister  to  James  Madison,  a 
President  of  the  United  States.  The  third  wife  of  Mr. 
Sullivant  was  Elizabeth  Underhill,  a descendant  of  Captain 
Sir  John  Underhill,  who  figures  in  the  annals  of  New 
England. 


(C,67fOHN.STON,  STEPHEN,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Sep- 
tember  29th,  1812,  at  Piqua,  Ohio.  His  an- 


cestors were  from  the  north  of  Ireland.  His 
father,  Stephen  Johnston,  was  government  store- 
keeper at  Fort  Wayne,  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
in  August  of  that  year  was  killed  by  the  Indians. 
Stephen,  the  elder,  and  his  brother.  Colonel  John  Johnston, 
were  among  the  early  pioneers  of  Ohio,  to  which  they  emi- 
grated in  1805.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  Mary  Caldwell,  born  at  Bryan  Station,  Kentucky,  and 
one  of  the  remarkable  women  of  her  day.  She  was  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  Daniel  Boone,  Little  Turtle  and 
Tecumseh.  The  position  which  she  occupied  in  pioneer 
life  was  alike  creditable  to  herself  and  of  great  service  to 
the  white  population  of  her  section.  She  died  in  September 
of  1861,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-three  years.  She  was 
married  to  Stephen  Johnston,  .Sr.,  in  1810,  in  Miami 
county,  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  having  attended  the  country  schools,  was  apprenticed 
to  a saddler,  working  at  the  bench  fourteen  years.  He  was 
then  elected  Sheriff  of  Miami  County,  serving  four  years. 
During  this  time  he  began  to  read  law.  In  1845 
elected  to  the  I.egislature  from  Miami  county.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  the  session  he  engaged  in  farming  and  lumber- 
ing, and  was  thus  employed  for  the  following  five  years. 
In  1850  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  opened  a law 
office  in  Piqua,  where  he  has  since  remained  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as  a Cap- 
tain in  the  nth  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
served  until  he  resigned  his  commission,  in  September  of 
that  year.  Mr.  Johnston  was  early  identified  with  the 
Columbus,  Piqua  & Indiana  Railroad  Company,  now  the 
Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & St.  Louis  Railroad  Company.  He 


drew  its  first  charter,  in  1849,  and  was  for  twenty  years 
attorney  for  the  road.  In  1868  he  was  elected  President  of 
the  Piqua  Hydraulic  Company,  an  organization  formed  to 
carry  out  a project  which  had  been  in  contemplation  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  At  the  time  Mr.  Johnston  accepted 
the  presidency  of  the  company  the  whole  country  was  suf- 
fering from  financial  embarrassment,  and  the  scheme  of 
furnishing  Piqua  with  water  was  not  deemed  practicable  at 
that  time.  Under  Mr.  Johnston’s  supervision,  and  in  large 
measure  owing  to  his  tact  and  energy,  the  water-works 
were  built,  and  give  promise  of  being  second  to  none  in  the 
State.  Originally  an  old-line  Whig,  Mr.  Johnston  was 
among  the  first  to  join  the  Republican  party.  In  1S64  he 
was  a Presidential  Elector  for  the  Fourth  District  of  Ohio, 
on  the  Lincoln  ticket.  Since  1870  he  has  voted  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket.  An  episode  in  the  life  of  Mr.  Johnston 
somewhat  resembles  the  cases  of  claimants  in  the  Chancery 
Court.  His  father  having  been  killed  by  Indians,  as  above 
related,  the  savages  afterwards  made  what  atonement  they 
could  by  providing,  in  a treaty  with  the  government,  that 
the  children  of  the  murdered  man  .should  have  a certain 
l>iece  of  land.  The  government  ignored  the  treaty  stipula- 
tion and  resisted  the  claim.  For  thirty  years  Mr.  Johnston 
spent  much  of  his  time  in  Washington,  fighting  the  depart- 
ments single-handed.  Three  bills  were  passed  m his 
favor,  but  each  failed  to  become  a law.  At  last,  in  1863, 
after  a thirty  years’  struggle,  he  accepted  a conqiromise. 
Mr.  Johnston  has  been  a valuable  man  to  his  native  city, 
taking  a leading  part  in  every  enterprise  of  importance. 
In  1837  he  married  Uretta  Garnsey,  of  Piqua. 


ASSON,  JOHN  H.,  was  born  in  Preble  county, 
Ohio,  April  l8th,  1827.  His  father,  a native  of 
Tennessee,  was  a farmer  by  occupation.  His 
mother  was  a native  of  Ohio.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  attended  school  until  he  was  nineteen 
years  of  age,  working  on  a farm  during  the 
summer  months.  From  the  time  he  left  school  until  he 
reached  -manhood  he  continued  to  follow  farming  chiefly, 
also  working  in  a mill  and  teaching  school.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  rrjoved  to  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  where 


he  leased  a saw-mill  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  business 
for  three  years.  He  then  went  into  the  grain  trade  with  S. 
Thomas  & Co.,  remaining  with  that  firm  until  the  panic  of 
1857.  From  1858  to  1871  he  was  in  the  general  commis- 
sion and  salt  business,  being  agent  for  the  Ohio  River  Salt 
Company.  In  1871  Mr.  Wasson  moved  to  Columbus  and 
organized  the  Central  Ohio  Salt  Company,  of  Muskingum 
and  Hocking  valley.  He  was  appointed  general  agent  of 
this  company,  in  which  position  he  has  since  continued. 
He  has  been  eminently  successful  as  a business  man,  the 
result  of  his  own  energy  and  perseverance.  In  whatever 
position  he  has  been  placed  he  has  made  the  best  of  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


4S7 


opportunities,  maintaining  through  life  a strict  integrity. 
He  is  an  active  and  influential  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows. 
In  December,  1857,  he  married  Re.xabel  E.  Braffett,  of  New 
Paris,  Ohio. 


UNLAW,  HON.  FRANCIS,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia in  1761.  When  he  had  reached  the  age 
of  ten  years  his  parents  removed  to  western 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  At 


wars,  continuing  therein  until  the  close  of  the 
Revolution.  He  assisted  in  the  building  of  Fort  McIntosh, 
in  1777,  and  was  present  at  the  defeat  of  Crawford.  By 
great  perseverance  he  acquired  a good  education,  without 
the  aid  of  instructors,  and  for  many  years  followed  school- 
teaching and  land-surveying.  In  1797  he  removed  to  what 
afterwards  became  Warren  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  framed  the  constitution  of  the 
new  State,  and  also  of  the  first  Legislature.  On  the  organi- 
zation of  the  State  judiciary  he  was  made  Ji'dge  of  the  First 
Circuit,  in  which  position  he  continued  for  fourteen  years. 
He  never  missed  a sitting  of  the  court  during  his  whole 
term  of  service,  and  he  frequently  swam  the  Miamis  on 
horseback  when  other  ferriage  failed  him.  After  leaving 
the  bench  he  practised  law  for  fifteen  years,  and  then  re- 
tired from  active  life,  dying  a few  years  later,  in  1839. 
His  public  career  was  pure  and  honorable,  his  private  char- 
acter without  a stain,  and  his  whole  life  one  of  usefulness. 


f 


'3' 


Cl) 


RKEL,  HENRY,  Lawyer,  was  born,  October  19th, 
1825,  in  Wiesbaden,  Germany.  He  is  the  oldest 
of  three  children  of  Rheinhart  Plrkel  and  Maria 
E.  Hoehn.  His  father,  a farmer  through  life, 
died,  December  16th,  1834,  in  Germany.  His 
mother  subsequently  was  married  to  Conrad 
Mentz,  with  whom  she  came  to  America,  and  settled  in 
Cincinnati,  July  flh,  1854.  Henry  received  a liberal  edu- 
cation in  his  native  country,  and  was  taught  to  labor  for 
his  living.  Having  served  his  apprenticeship  as  a painter, 
he  sailed  for  America  in  1846,  in  company  with  some 
relatives,  landing  at  New  York.  This  was  nine  years 
before  his  mother  and  her  family  came  to  this  country. 
Remaining  in  New  York  city  a few  days  only,  Henry  went 
to  Buffalo,  worked  at  his  trade  for  a few  months,  left  there 
and  reached  Cincinnati  September  lyih,  1846.  Since  then 
he  has  made  Cincinnati  his  home.  He  worked  as  a jour- 
neyman painter  until  1850,  when  he  started  in  business  on 
his  own  account  as  a master  painter,  carrying  on  a large 
business  until  1861.  The  rebellion  having  begun,  he  ac- 
companied General  Sigel,  in  a responsible  position,  in 
Fremont’s  campaign  in  Mi.ssouri.  He  was  obliged  to  re- 


turn home  in  1862,  in  consequence  of  sickness.  In  1864 
he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  183d  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry. 
He  accompanied  his  regiment  to  the  field,  and  in  two 
weeks  was  promoted  to  a Second  Lieutenancy.  After  the 
battle  of  Nashville  he  was  made  a First  Ideutenant,  and 
was  finally  given  a Captain’s  commission.  He  was  in  the 
heavy  fighting  in  Tennessee,  and  accompanied  his  regiment 
through  the  North  Carolina  campaign.  July  29th,  1865, 
he  was  honorably  discharged  by  reason  of  expiration  of  his 
term  of  service.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff 
of  Hamilton  County,  holding  this  office  until  he  was  elected 
Magistrate,  in  the  fall  of  the  following  year.  In  this  po- 
sition he  remained  until  May,  1871,  when  he  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  of  Police,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  May 
of  1873.  Since  that  time  Captain  Erkel  has  been  practising 
law  with  satisfactory  success  and  discharging  the  duties  of 
Notary  Public.  He  is  a man  of  good  habits,  thrifty  and 
industrious.  In  politics  he  is  a Republican ; in  religion  a 
Protestant.  March  loth,  1850,  he  married  Margaret  Ochs. 


(j^UNKINS,  MILTON  W.,  Physician,  was  born  in 
Cadiz,  Harrison  county,  Ohio,  February  25th, 
1834.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio.  His 
father  was  a cabinetmaker.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  attended  the  common  and  high  schools  of 
his  native  place  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of 
age,  when  he  took  a clerkship  in  a drug  store  at  Bridge- 
port, Ohio.  ^Yhile  thus  employed  he  read  medicine  with 
Dr.  McConnaughty  and  attended  a course  of  lectures  at 
the  Miami  Medical  College,  Cincinnati.  In  February  of 
1855  he  received  his  diploma,  and  in  the  following  August 
began  to  practise  in  Bellaire.  He  has  remained  there  ever 
since,  and  is  now  the  oldest  physician  in  the  city.  In  1861 


Dr.  Junkins  was  commissioned  a Lieutenant  in  the  6ist 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  for  about  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  a 
severe  attack  of  asthma  obliged  him  to  resign.  Having  re- 
covered somewhat  from  his  malady  he  again  entered  the 
army  as  Major  of  the  170th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  he  returned 
to  Bellaire  and  resumed  practice.  Dr.  Junkins  is  widely 
known  and  is  the  most  prominent  politician  in  Bellaire. 
He  began  to  take  an  active  interest  in  politics  during  Mr. 
Lincoln’s  first  campaign.  He  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and 
was  the  first  to  vote  for  a colored  man  in  his  city.  He  was 
President  of  the  Hayes  Club  of  Bellaire  during  the  last 
State  contest.  While  the  water-works  of  Bellaire  were  in 
process  of  construction  Dr.  Junkins  acted  as  Preasurer  of 
the  city.  He  has  been  President  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical 
Society  of  Eastern  Ohio  since  its  organization.  He  has 
been  associated  with  the  press  of  Bellaire  from  the  earliest 
publication  of  a newspaper  in  that  locality.  He  has  exten- 
sive real  estate  and  manufacturing  interests  in  Bellaire,  is 


488 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


part  owner  of  a line  of  steamers  plying  between  Wheeling 
and  St.  Louis,  and  is  interested  in  a mercantile  house  of 
Bridgeport.  Dr.  Junkins  has  done  much  to  advance  the 
prosperity  of  Bellaire,  and  still  takes  a leading  part  in  what- 
ever promises  to  benefit  his  city.  In  private  life  he  is  an 
affable,  unassuming  gentleman,  sociable  and  hospitable. 
February  1st,  1865,  he  married  Jennie  Todd,  only  daughter 
of  Dr.  M.  L.  Todd,  of  Bellaire,  from  whom  death  separated 
him  on  the  2d  of  October,  1873. 


LEASON,  ALFRED  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Octo- 
ber 15th,  1834,  at  Mohegan,  New  London  county, 
Connecticut.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  Anson 
Gleason,  for  many  years  pastor  of  the  Mohegan 
Indians.  His  early  education  was  received  at  the 
Mohegan  district  school,  among  the  Indians. 
Graduating  from  the  academy  at  St.  Johnsville,  Vermont,  he 
began  life  as  a merchant  in  the  town  of  Hartley,  Connecti- 
cut. Here  he  passed  several  years  in  successful  business, 
when  he  moved  to  Buffalo,  New  York,  engaging  in  the 
same  business.  Buffalo  was  not  to  his  liking,  and  he  lo- 
cated himself  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  by  close  attention  and 
perseverance  he  met  with  good  success.  Retiring  from 
mercantile  life  he  connected  himself  with  the  law  firm  of 
Bissell  & Co.,  forming  the  firm  of  Bissell,  Gleason  & Co. 
He  still  retains  this  connection,  and  is,  besides,  a member 
of  Bissell  & Gerrill,  real  estate  agents.  The  possession  of 
the  only  set  of  abstract  books  in  Lucas  county  has  afforded 
this  firm  superior  facilities  for  dealing  with  cases  of  disputed 
title,  and  enabled  them  to  build  up  a large  business.  Mr. 
Gleason  is  also  a member  of  the  United  States  Law  Associa- 
tion and  Collection  Union.  He  is  a staunch  Republican, 
but  has  steadily  declined  political  office.  He  has  been 
President  of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  of 
Toledo,  and  of  the  Toledo  Library  Association.  July  7th, 
1857,  he  married  a daughter  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Bissell, 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  city  of  Toledo,  and  at  one  time 
an  owner  of  a great  deal  of  real  estate  within  its  limits. 


’ARPER,  RICE,  retired  from  active  business,  was 
born,  November  28th,  1803,  at  Unionville,  Lake 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  son  of  John  A.  Harper 
and  Loraine  Miner.  He  attended  the  district 
schools,  but  is  mainly  indebted  to  his  parents  for 
his  education.  He  studied  Latin  with  Alexander 
R.  Chase,  a brother  of  Chief  Justice  Chase.  He  was  for 
some  time  a pupil  in  the  school  of  James  Noyes,  at  Perry, 
Lake  county,  Ohio.  At  the  end  of  his  school  days  he  be- 
came a clerk  in  a store  at  Ashtabula,  where  he  remained 
one  year.  He  then  read  law  with  Messrs.  Wheeler  & 
McClung  at  Unionville,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827. 


He  practised  his  profession  until  obliged  by  failing  health  to 
seek  another  pursuit.  In  the  spring  of  1832  he  went  into 
business  at  Madison,  Ohio,  remaining  there  until  1S36, 
when  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Painesville.  Fie  was  the 
originator  of  the  Ohio  Railroad,  now  known  as  the  Lake 
Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  He  helped  to  or- 
ganize Erie  county,  Ohio,  by  being  appointed  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  December  14th,  1838.  He  was 
also  appointed  Clerk  of  the  .Supreme  Court  for  Erie  county, 
Ohio,  in  the  year  1839.  He  remained  at  Sandusky  and 
held  these  two  offices  until  February,  1855.  Close  confine- 
ment and  hard  work  had  again  impaired  his  health,  and  he 
went  to  Iowa  in  the  hope  of  regaining  his  strength.  There 
he  became  an  agent  and  attorney  for  entering  government 
land,  continuing  his  residence,  however,  at  Sandusky,  Ohio. 
He  now  has  the  care  of  about  55,000  acres  of  land  in 
Western  States,  upon  which  he  pays  taxes  for  the  owners 
thereof.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  a member 
of  the  Board  of  Enrolment  for  a district  comprising  about 
six  counties.  Mr.  Harper  makes  his  home  in  Sandusky, 
where  he  has  at  different  times  since  the  year  1845  field  tfie 
office  of  City  Councilman.  He  now  is  the  Senior  Warden 
of  Grace  Church,  and  has  been  a vestryman  in  said  church 
for  about  thirty  years.  He  is  known  as  a man  of  business 
capacity  and  solid  worth.  He  is  a Republican  in  his  politi- 
cal attachments.  January  5th,  1830,  Mr.  Harper  married 
Susanna  Montgomery,  at  Unionville,  Lake  county,  Ohio. 


r|t\)UDLOW,  JAMES  CHAMBERS,  was  born  in 
1798,  at  Ludlow  Station,  now  part  of  Cincinnati. 
He  was  descended  from  a family  of  Shropshire, 
England,  one  of  whom  became  noted  as  one  of 
the  judges  who  passed  sentence  of  death  on 
Charles  I.  This  ancestor  was  Lieutenant-General 
of  Ireland  under  Cromwell,  was  banished  after  the  Restora- 
tion, and  died  in  Vevay,  Switzerland.  Other  members  of 
the  family  came  to  this  country  and  settled  at  New  Provi- 
dence, New  Jersey.  The  subject  of  this  notice  was  the  son 
of  Israel  Ludlow  and  Charlotte  Chambers,  daughter  of 
James  Chambers,  of  Chambersburg,  a colonel  in  the  revo- 
lutionary army.  James  C.  Ludlow  passed  his  y'outh  amid 
the  wildness  and  dangers  of  pioneer  life,  where  Indians 
and  savage  beasts  were  more  plentiful  than  agreeable.  He 
grew  into  manhood  with  a robust  constitution,  a graceful, 
stalwart  form,  and  winning  address.  He  was  six  feet 
three  inches  in  height.  His  was  a superior  education  for 
the  time  and  place,  and  a good  beginning  he  improved 
throughout  his  years.  He  inherited  a large  estate,  enabling 
him  to  devote  much  time  and  money  to  philanthropic  work. 
He  was  the  beloved  elder  brother  of  the  family,  and  the 
stay  of  his  widowed  mother.  He  was  fortunate  in  his  mar- 
riage, and  with  the  hearty  co-operation  of  his  noble  wife 
Josephine,  he  was  the  beneficent  genius  of  his  neighborhood. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


489 


He  was  among  the  early  abolitionists,  being  president  of  the 
first  anti  slavery  society  in  the  ^Vest.  He  gave  the  best 
years  of  his  life  to  the  cause  of  freedom,  working  with  tongue 
and  pen  and  ready  purse  for  the  abolition  of  slavery.  He 
aided  in  starting  the  anti-slavery  ])aper,  edited  first  by  James 
G.  Birney,  and  subsequently  by  Gamaliel  Bailey.  His 
sister,  Sarah  Bella,  who  was  devoted  to  the  same  cause,  was 
the  wife  of  Judge  John  McLean,  Postmaster-General  under 
the  Jackson  administration  afterwards,  and  until  his  death 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Mr.  Ludlow’s  eldest  daughter,  named  Sarah  Bella  for  her 
aunt,  was  married  in  1846  to  Salmon  P.  Chase,  late  Chief- 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Mrs. 
Chase’s  firm  religious  principles  and  lovely  Christian  charac- 
ter had  a lifelong  influence  upon  her  husband. 


LEMONS,  PHINEAS  HARRISON,  M.  U.,  Phy- 
sician and  Surgeon,  was  born,  February  l6th, 
1832,  in  San<lusky,  Ohio,  of  American  parents, 
and  of  French  and  English  ancestry.  He  was  at 
Oberlin  for  five  years,  and  removed  thence  to 
Antioch,  where  he  received  his  degree  of  A.  B., 
being  in  the  first  class  that  gradualed  at  that  college  under 
Professor  Mann,  and  took  the  second  degree,  A.  M.,  under 
Dr.  Thomas  Hill,  who  is  now  President  of  Vale  College. 
On  leaving  Antioch  he  studied  medicine,  completing  the 
same  in  the  medic  d department  of  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan at  Ann  Arbor,  and  attended  an  additional  course  of 
lectures  in  Cincinnati.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Detroit  in  1859,  where  he  remained  only  fora 
short  time.  His  health  becoming  impaired,  he  broVte  up 
his  establishment  there,  and  removed  to  Ohio,  locating  in 
Van  Wert  county,  where  he  practised,  and  in  the  adjoining 
counties,  for  about  two  years  and  a half.  In  1862,  upon  a 
call  being  made  for  surgeons  from  Ohio,  he  went  to  Colum- 
bus, where  he  was  examined  and  approved,  and  was  there- 
upon assigned  to  the  99th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantiy.  He  accompanied  that  command  to  Kentucky,  and 
served  as  Field  Surgeon  throughout  the  campaign  in  that 
■State.  While  in  command  of  a sick  brigade  he  was  taken 
sick  on  the  road  to  Louisville ; he  left  his  regiment  at  Jeffer- 
sonville, having  been  ordered  by  his  physician  to  go  North 
as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  travel.  He  did  so,  and  while 
convalescing  got  married,  and  returned  to  his  regiment  im- 
mediately afterwards,  rejoining  the  command  at  .Silver 
Springs,  and  remained  with  them  until  the  advance  on  Mur- 
freesboro’, being  the  only  field  surgeon  with  the  regiment. 
While  on  duty,  the  surgeon  in  charge  of  the  3d  Division 
Hospital  sent  him  a written  report  stating  that  the  wounded 
who  had  previously  been  under  his  (Dr.  Clemon.s’)  charge  were 
the  best  dressed  wounded  sent  from  the  battle  field.  He  was 
subsequently  left  in  charge  of  the  sick  of  the  division,  while  his 
regiment  marched  on  Chattanooga  with  the  rest  of  the  army. 

62 


He  w’as  next  assigned  to  the  charge  of  the  Divi^ion  Hospital 
at  McMinnville,  and  while  engaged  in  his  duties  there  was 
captured  by  General  Wheeler’s  cavalry,  his  wife  being  with 
him  at  the  time.  He  was,  however,  a prisoner  only  a few 
days,  as  the  Union  cavalry  were  soon  on  hand,  and  drove 
the  rebels  away.  He  remained  there  between  four  and  five 
months,  and  was  then  promoted  to  Surgeon  of  Volunteers. 
He  was  then  ordered  to  Murfreesboro’,  where  he  examined 
some  six  thousand  recruits  and  assigned  them  to  various 
branches  of  the  service.  After  the  organization  of  the 
colored  troops,  he  was  assigned  as  Surgeon  to  the  17th 
United  States  Colored  Regiment.  Leaving  these  in  1865  he 
was  made  Post  Medical  Director  of  Nashville,  and  while  in 
that  position  was  present  at  the  execution  of  the  notorious 
Champ  Ferguson,  the  rebel  guerilla.  During  the  engage- 
ment at  Nashville,  he  was  made  Division  Surgeon  under 
General  Morgan,  marching  with  this  command  in  pursuit 
of  Hood  while  retreating  from  Nashville.  He  was  mustered 
out  of  the  service  in  April,  1866.  He  has  been  engaged  in 
practice  altogether  about  sixteen  years.  Upon  the  removal 
of  Dr.  Agard  from  Sandusky,  Dr.  Clemons  succeeded  him 
in  his  business,  and  since  his  residence  in  that  city,  owing 
to  his  skill  as  a physician  and  his  past  excellent  military 
record  as  a surgeon,  has  become  one  of  the  leading  medical 
[jractitioners  of  Sandusky. 


'll 


I 


’•>/ 


;OUNG,  S.LMUEL  M.,  Lawyer  and  Banker,  was 
born,  December  29th,  1806,  in  Grafton,  Lebanon 
county.  New  Hampshire.  His  parents  were  na- 
tive America..s  of  English  and  Irish  descent. 
His  father  was  an  architect,  builder  and  civil  en- 
gineer. .Samuel  M.  received  the  first  of  his 
schooling  in  the  district  school  at  Plainfield,  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  next  took  a full  course  in  the  high  school  at 
Sharon,  Vermont,  and  subsequently  passed  with  credit 
through  the  academy  at  Burlington,  Vermont.  Leaving 
this  institution  he  read  law  with  the  Hon.  J.  M.  Pomeroy. 
In  1835  he  moved  to  Maumee  City,  Lucas  county,  Ohio. 
In  the  same  year  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  Lucas  county, 
being  the  first  to  hold  that  office.  In  1838  Mr.  Young  took 
into  his  office,  as  a student  at  law,  Morrison  R.  Waite,  now 
Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
At  the  end  of  one  year  Mr.  Young  associated  himself  in 
practice  with  Mr.  Waite,  the  two  practising  together  in 
Maumee  City  until  1850,  when  Mr.  Waite  went  to  Toledo 
and  started  a branch  office.  The  firm  did  a successful 
business  until  its  dissolution  in  1854-  In  1856  Mr.  Young 
was  elected  President  of  the  Branch  of  the  Commercial 
Bank  of  Ohio,  holding  this  position  until  that  institu- 
tion consolidated  with  the  Bank  of  Toledo,  which  merged 
into  the  National  Bank  of  Toledo  in  1865.  Mr.  Young 
has  never  as]nred  to  political  office.  Originally  a Whig, 
he  has  acted  with  the  Republican  party  since  its  birth. 
In  1842  he  was  Adjutant  of  the  Ohio  militia.  He  was 


490 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIALDIA. 


one  of  a company  formed  to  build  a bridge  over  the 
Maumee  river.  Among  the  other  hindrances  with  which 
the  company  met  was  the  washing  away  of  the  work  as  it 
progressed.  This  occurred  three  several  times,  to  the  great 
discouragement  of  most  of  the  gentlemen  interested.  Mr. 
Young  had  firm  faith  in  the  success  of  the  project,  and  by 
his  persistence  and  wise  counsels  had  the  bridge  completed 
in  1S49.  He  is  now  one  of  the  principal  owners  cf  the 
bridge.  From  1S61  to  1863  he  was  one  of  a company  which 
leased  the  canals  of  the  State,  embracing  about  850  miles 
of  canal  property,  including  within  the  lease  the  Ohio  and 
the  Wabash  and  Erie  canals.  In  1S62  Mr.  Young  asso- 
ciated himself  with  Mr.  Abner  L.  Backus  and  built  some 
of  the  extensive  elevators  at  Toledo,  which  business  proved 
successful  beyond  expectation.  For  eight  years  Mr.  Young 
was  President  of  the  Toledo  Coke  and  Gaslight  Company. 
In  1S58  he  was  elected  a Director  of  the  Cleveland  & To- 
ledo Railroad  Company,  holding  the  position  for  ten  years, 
until  the  Cleveland  & Toledo  was  consolidated  with  the 
Michigan  Southern  Raihoad  Company.  Mr.  Young  is  one 
of  the  Directors  of  the  narrow  gauge  railroad  now'  being 
constructed  from  Toledo  to  Columbus.  He  is  also  one  of 
the  principal  stockholders  in  the  Boody  House,  Toledo,  and 
President  of  the  company.  Many  obstacles  were  encoun- 
tered in  the  construction  of  the  Boody  House,  but  Mr. 
Young’s  energy  swept  them  all  away,  and  he  had  the  satis- 
faction of  seeing  finished  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  the 
country.  June  9lh,  1841,  Mr.  Young  married  Angeline  L. 
I’pton,  at  Maumee  City.  Mrs.  Young’s  parents  were  natives 
of  New  York.  Her  father  dying  when  she  was  but  a child, 
her  mother  moved  to  Ohio  and  married  Dr.  Horatio  Conart, 
one  of  the  founders  of  Maumee  City. 


^'RTON,  EDWARD,  President  of  the  Ohio  Agri- 
cultural and  Mechanical  College,  was  born,  March 
9lh,  1829,  at  Deposit,  Delaware  county.  New 
York.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  .Samuel  G.  Orton, 
D.  D.,  who  graduated  from  Hamilton  College, 
New  York,  in  1822.  His  mother  was  Clara 
Gregory,  of  .\lbany.  New  York.  Edward  attemled  the 
academy  at  Fredonia,  but  is  chiefly  indebted  to  home  influ- 
ences for  the  carefully  laid  groundwork  which  fitted  him  to 
enter  college  and  assume  a creditable  standing  at  the  outset. 
In  1848  he  graduated  from  Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  New 
York,  twenty-six  years  after  his  father  had  taken  a diploma 
from  the  same  institution.  On  leaving  college  he  was  for 
one  year  engaged  as  assistant  teacher  in  the  academy,  Erie, 
Pennsylvania.  In  1849  ^6  joined  Lane  Seminary,  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  but  withdrew  at  the  end  of  one  year  on  account 
of  failing  eyesight.  The  following  year  he  devoted  to  trav- 
elling through  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  making  most 
of  the  journey  on  foot.  In  1850  he  accepted  a position  as 
assistant  teacher  in  the  Delaware  Literary  Institute,  at 


F'ranklin,  New  York,  where  he  remained  for  three  years. 
He  spent  six  months  of  study  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
School,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  and  in  1856  was  called 
to  the  Professorship  of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  State  Normal 
School,  Albany,  New  York.  This  he  resigned  in  1859  to 
become  Principal  of  Chester  Academy,  Clrange  county.  New 
York.  He  remained  here  until  1865,  when  he  took  charge 
of  the  preparatory  department  of  Antioch  College,  Yellow 
.Springs,  Ohio,  where  he  was  made  Professor  of  -Natural 
.Sciences  in  1S66.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Hayes,  Assistant  Geologist  on  the  Ohio  Geological  Survey. 
In  1S72  he  was  elected  President  of  Antioch  College,  and 
in  1873  ^’'6  became  President  of  the  Ohio  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College  at  Columbus,  which  position  he  has 
since  filled  with  great  credit.  Mr.  Orton  was  originally  a 
\Yhig,  next  a Free-Soiler,  and  has  for  many  years  been  a 
Republican.  In  1855  he  married  Mary  M.  Jennings,  at 
Franklin,  New  York,  who  died  at  Yellow  Springs  in  1873. 
He  married  Anna  D.  Toney,  of  Millbury,  Massachusetts, 


IITH,  BENJAMIN,  was  born,  October  5th,  1787, 
in  the  county  of  West  Chester,  New  York  State, 
in  a little  town  then  called  East  Chester.  He 
was  the  youngest  of  two  children  whose  parents 
were  Jacob  and  .Sarah  Smith.  His  father  was  an 
early  settler  of  the  section  where  he  resided,  was 
participant  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  died 
I from  wounds  received  in  one  of  the  last  battles  of  that 
struggle.  His  mother  was  a native  of  New  York  State,  and 
her  family  were  likewise  intimately  identified  with  the 
patriot  cause  of  ’76.  At  the  age  of  twenty  Benjamin  began 
life  on  his  own  resources  as  a shoemaker.  Up  to  this  time 
his  education  had  been  very  limited,  and  he  had  been  early 
taught  to  labor.  He  began  his  occupation  in  Westchester 
county,  and  remained  there  about  five  years  constantly 
eng.agcd  in  the  pursuit  of  his  avocation.  In  1S12  he  re- 
; moved  to  Cincinnati  and  embarked  in  the  grocery  business, 
i which  he  carried  on  for  three  years.  Meanwhile  war  with 
Great  Britain  was  declared  by  the  Lurited  States,  and  he 
became  a volunteer,  and  was  in  New  Orleans  when  the 
great  victory  was  gained  by  General  Jackson  over  the 
British  forces  under  General  Pakenham.  On  quitting  the 
grocery  business  he  became  a pilot  on  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers  for  some  three  years.  He  next  returned  to 
Cincinnati  and  resumed  his  original  trade  of  a shoemaker, 
which  he  pursued  until  1832,  when  he  was  made  Constable 
of  the  Fourth  Ward,  and  performed  its  duties  about  four 
years.  On  vacating  that  office  he  returned  to  his  bench, 
and  carried  on  the  shoemaking  business  until  the  autumn 
of  1849,  when  he  was  appointed  a policeman,  and  performed 
the  duties  of  that  station  more  or  less  for  about  twenty  years, 
when  he  retired  from  the  force.  Since  that  time,  with  the 
exception  of  some  seven  months  passed  at  the  Hot  Springs, 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.^IDIA. 


491 


Arkansas,  he  has  been  leading  a quiet  life  at  his  residence, 
No.  4S3  West  Seventh  street,  Cincinnati.  Although  he  is 
in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  his  age,  his  constitution  is  more 
robust,  his  step  lighter,  and  his  faculties  in  general  less  im- 
paired than  the  majority  of  those  who  have  reached  so  great 
an  age.  He  is  well  known  to  all  the  old  citizens  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  his  knowledge  concerning  the  early  days  and 
subsequent  progress  of  his  adopted  city  is  full  and  precise. 
When  .he  first  arrived,  sixty-four  years  ago,  the  population 
was  only  in  the  hundreds  ; he  has  witnessed  its  growth  to 
the  hundred  thousands.  At  that  time  the  greater  portion 
of  the  present  city  was  in  fields,  and  Main  street  was  opened 
only  a little  above  the  canal.  Then,  the  banks  of  the  river 
were  nothing  but  bold  bluffs,  and  the  only  means  by  which 
passengers  could  land  from  boats  and  pass  up  to  Main 
street  was  by  a plank  gangway,  built  by  some  enterprising 
indivi<luals  engaged  in  the  flatboat  trade.  This  gangway  was 
near  the  old  nine-story  steam  mill  on  the  bank  of  the  river  a 
short  distance  above  the  present  line  of  Broadway.  He 
also  remembers  that  beyond  Main  street  to  the  eastward  of 
the  site  of  the  old  Lytle  mansion,  but  two  houses  had  been 
built ; one  of  these  was  at  the  corner  of  Sycamore  and  Fourth 
streets,  and  the  other  at  a short  distance  beyond.  As 
already  remarked,  he  retains  an  amount  of  vigor  and  good 
health  wonderful  in  so  aged  a man,  and  he  is  now  enjoying 
the  competence  which  he  has  acquired  through  a long  and 
careful  husbanding  of  hard-earned  labor.  The  venerable 
few  that  connect  us  with  the  past  are  passing  away  rapidly; 
but  few  of  the  original  pioneers  remain.  He  was  married, 
August,  1812,  to  Nancy  Horton,  a native  of  Westchester 
county.  New  York,  and  is  the  father  of  thirteen  children, 
of  whom  six  are  yet  living. 


jjROWN,  LLOYD  SMETHURST,  Retired  Mer- 
chant and  Capitalist,  was  born,  October  24th, 
1S12,  in  Canand.aigua,  New  York.  He  is  the 
second  of  five  children  of  John  Oliver  Brown  and 
Elizabeth  Smethurst.  His  father  was  a shoe- 
maker. At  an  early  date  the  family  settled  in 
Columbia,  Hamilton  county,  Ohi  >.  After  remaining  here 
for  a while  they  removed  to  New  America  (now  Cairo), 
Illinois.  From  New  America  they  went  to  Veray,  Indiana, 
and  thence  to  Evansville,  in  the  same  State,  where  the  father 
died  in  1819  and  the  mother  in  1822.  Left  an  orphan  at 
an  early  age,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  went  to  live  with  his 
uncle,  Lloyd  Smethurst,  near  Montgomery,  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio.  At  the  end  of  two  years  he  went  to  learn  tinsniith- 
ing,  at  Montgomery.  His  early  education  having  been 
meagre,  he  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  study,  strengthening 
his  mind  and  storing  it  with  knowledge  that  stood  him  in 
good  stead  in  after  years.  After  two  years  spent  at  his  trade 
he  entered  a store  in  Montgomery,  remained  there  until 
October  of  1840,  and  then  embarked  in  business  for  himself 


in  the  same  place.  At  the  expiration  of  four  years  he  opened 
a dry-goods  store  in  Cincinnati,  remained  there  less  than  a 
year,  and  returned  to  Montgomery,  where,  until  1846,  he 
was  engaged  in  general  mercantile  pursuits.  In  the  fall  of 
1846  he  moved  to  Lockland,  and  there  confined  his  atten- 
tion to  merchandising  until  1S61,  when  he  bought  an 
interest  in  the  Cincinnati  &;  Xenia  Turnpike  Company,  and 
was  elected  its  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  He  has  since 
devoted  his  time  chiefly  to  the  advancement  of  this  public 
enterprise,  to  the  settling  of  estates  and  to  the  insurance 
business.  In  1839  Mr.  Brown  was  elected  Treasurer  of 
Sycamore  township,  which  position  he  held  for  fifteen  years. 
In  1875  he  accepted  the  Democratic  nomination  for  the 
Ohio  Legislature.  Mr.  Brown's  sterling  worth  and  energy 
have  won  him  the  respect  of  the  community.  Socially  he 
is  an  affable  and  pleasing  gentleman.  October  ist,  1840, 
he  married  Margaret  A.  Weaver,  a native  of  Rockingham, 
Yirginia. 


^^I^U.STON,  J.LMES,  Jr.,  Farmer  and  Teacher,  was 
born,  November  20th,  1S19,  in  Cumberland 
county,  near  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the 
oldest  of  the  twelve  children  of  Paul  and  Mary 
(Carruthers)  Huston.  His  father,  a native  of  the 
north  of  Ireland,  accompanied  his  parents  to 
America  when  he  was  about  four  years  of  age.  The  family 
settled  near  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  where  Paul  Huston 
grew  to  manhood,  and  married  Mary  Carruthers,  a native 
of  Cumberland  county,  though  of  Irish  descent.  In  1823 
the  couple  removed  to  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  with  their 
family.  They  lived  there  for  about  seven  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Logan  county,  Ohio.  There  the  father,  who 
was  a farmer,  continued  to  reside  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  until  his  death,  and  there,  too,  the  mother  died. 
When  the  family  removed  to  Ohio,  James  Huston  was  four 
years  of  age.  His  education  was  received  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  frontier  settlements  of  that  day.  His  training 
at  school  was  supplemented  by  a still  better  training  at 
home,  where  habits  of  industry,  temperance,  and  morality 
were  formed,  which  constituted  the  foundation  of  his  future 
career.  In  the  year  1837  he  removed  to  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  and  found  work  on  a farm  there.  Notwithstanding 
his  limited  education,  he  possessed  keen  and  well-cultivated 
powers  of  observation,  and  these  powers  he  had  used  to 
good  effect.  He  was,  withal,  an  industrious  and  intelligent 
reader,  so  that  he  was  really  better  educated  than  many  a 
youth  who  had  possessed  far  greater  opportunities  for  school 
attendance.  In  1838,  when  he  was  nineteen  years  old,  he 
began  to  teach  school  in  Warren  county,  near  Mason,  and 
continued  leaching  there  for  about  a year.  In  1840  he 
went  to  New  Orleans.  He  had  visited  the  city  several  times 
before,  both  by  steamer  and  flatboat,  but  after  each  of  these 
trii)s  he  had  returned  directly  to  f)hio.  On  this  occasion, 
after  remaining  in  New  Orleans  about  a week,  he  went  to 


492 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


Tennessee  and  remained  near  Lebanon,  in  that  State,  for 
about  six  months  teaching.  In  the  summer  of  1841  here- 
turned  to  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  resumed  his  work  of 
teaching  there.  He  continued  teaching  and  prosecuting 
his  literary  studies  until  the  year  1850.  In  that  year,  being 
infected  with  the  gold  fever,  lie  went  to  California  via 
Panama,  the  trip  occupying  over  four  months.  He  remained 
in  California  about  two  years,  engaged  in  mining  during  that 
time,  and  in  1852  returned  by  steamer,  coming  back  by  way 
of  Panama  and  New  York.  Returning  to  Hamilton  county, 
he  resumed  his  old  work  of  teaching,  and  continued  en- 
gaged in  that  business  and  the  business  of  farming  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  when  he  entered 
the  army  as  Captain  of  Company  I,  138th  Regiment  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry.  His  political  record  is  that  of  a liberal 
Democrat.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1863.  Dining  his  second 
term  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Schools  and 
.School  Lands.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  Assistant  in  the 
County  Treasurer’s  office.  Since  1865  he  has  devoted  him- 
self mainly  to  farming  in  Sycamore  township,  Hamilton 
county.  He  has  for  years  past  been  a member  in  high  stand- 
ing of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  is  closely  identified  with 
the  order  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  was  brought 
up  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  but,  though  of  religious  tem- 
perament and  convictions,  his  views  are  not  circumscribed 
by  the  creed  of  any  particular  church.  He  has  an  abiding 
faith  in  practical  religion,  believing  that  we  are  on  the  verge 
of  a change  when  its  vast  importance  to  man  in  this  life,  and 
its  benign  influence  on  his  actions  here  rather  than  his  con- 
dition hereafter  will  be  justly  appreciated.  Socially  he  is 
pleasant  and  affable,  a man  of  much  popularity  among  all  as- 
sociated with  him,  Possessing  quick  and  generous  impulses, 
he  is  yet  characterized  by  a mathematical  mind,  basing  con- 
clusions on  strictly  logical  premises.  He  was  married,  July 
3d,  1S44,  to  Rebecca  Voorhees,  a native  of  Hamilton  county, 
and  daughter  of  Samuel  Voorhees,  one  of  the  earliest  and 
best  settlers  of  the  region. 


'ARES,  SEBASTIAN,  Merchant,  was  born  in  Ba- 
varia in  1825.  At  the  age  of  six,  according  to 
the  requirements  of  the  strict  compulsory  school 
laws  of  Germany,  he  started  to  school,  remaining 
until  the  age  of  ten,  when  his  whole  family  sailed 
for  America.  In  1S35  they  arrived  in  Auglaize 
county,  Ohio,  his  brother  having  jrreceded  them  one  year 
and  decided  on  this  location  for  the  family.  Here  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  remained  and  worked  on  the  farm  two 
years  with  his  father.  Leaving  home  at  the  early  age  of 
twelve,  young  Fares  began  life  for  himself  as  a messenger 
and  supply-boy  to  men  working  on  the  Miami  canal.  On 
different  parts  of  this  canal  he  worked  in  various  capacities 
for  .seven  years.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  in  1S43,  he  came 
to  Cincinnati,  where  in  a few  months  he  commenced  his 


career  as  a stove  dealer,  in  the  house  of  William  E.  Childs, 
on  Fifth  street.  After  five  and  a half  years  spent  with  Childs, 
he  found  it  to  his  advantage  to  enter  the  house  of  French, 
Strong  & Feine,  remaining  as  a clerk  in  this  house  seven 
years,  at  the  end  of  which  time,  there  already  havtng  been 
several  changes  in  the  firm,  he,  with  Mr.  Miller,  bought  out 
the  establishment,  which  then  became  the  house  of  Fares  & 
Miller.  Now  Mr.  P’isher  is  a member  of  the  partnership. 
Since  the  time  of  entering  the  store  of  Mr.  Childs  in  1843 
Mr.  Fares  has  been  in  the  stove  business  thirty-two  years. 
During  this  lifetime  in  business  he  has  never  left  Fifth  street, 
and  has  been  continually  prosperous.  Some  years  the  busi- 
ness of  his  house  has  run  as  high  as  ^5150,000 — in  fact  he 
has  done  the  largest  retail  stove  trade  of  the  city.  There 
are  represented  in  his  vast  variety  of  stoves,  ranges  and  fur- 
niture more  first-class  Eastern  manufactories  than  all  other 
retail  establishments  in  the  city.  On  a great  deal  of  this 
valuable  collection  he  has  received  yearly  first  premiums  at 
the  Cincinnati  Exposition.  Although  he  has  been  too  busy 
to  dabble  in  politics,  yet  during  the  great  rebellion  he  was 
not  behind  scores  of  busy  men  who  were  always  ready  to 
lend  a helping  hand  to  the  cause  of  the  nation.  While  not 
one  of  the  wealthiest  men  of  Cincinnati,  still  he  has  gathered 
a competency,  and  enough  to  put  him  beyond  the  chances 
of  the  future.  He  is  a Congregationalist  in  his  religious 
affiliations  and  a Christian  tradesman,  who  believes  that 
honorable  dealing  with  his  fellow-men  is  the  only  road  to 
permanent  success.  In  1856  he  was  married  to  Alma  C. 
Bacon,  of  Vermont. 

EED,  WILLIAM  P.,  Boot  and  Shoe  Manufacturer, 
was  born,  P'ebruary  14th,  1839,  in  the  city  of 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  is  the  son  of  John 
and  B.  (Andrews)  Reed.  He  is  of  Welsh  de- 
scent, the  family  having  emigrated  to  America  at 
an  early  day  and  were  numbered  among  the  Puri- 
tans of  Massachusetts  colony.  His  educational  advantages 
were  meagre  in  the  extreme,  for  he  was  taken  from  school 
at  the  early  age  of  ten  years  and  sent  to  a boot  and  shoe 
factory  to  learn  the  business  and  earn  a livelihood.  In  his 
thirteenth  year  he  was  engaged  by  E.  A.  Goodenow,  the 
well  known  and  successful  manufacturer  of  Worcester,  and 
remained  with  him  about  three  years.  He  then  removed  to 
the  West,  and  was  employed  in  a shoe  store  in  Rockford, 
Illinois,  until  1856,  when  he  proceeded  to  Columbus,  Ohio, 
and  effected  an  engagement  with  Mr.  Kimball  as  a clerk  in 
his  store.  Twenty  years  ago  he  entered  that  city  penniless, 
but  possessing  a good  knowledge  of  his  business,  indomit- 
able perseverance  and  untiring  industry.  These  qualities 
soon  showed  themselves,  and  have  led  him  on  to  fortune. 
In  about  three  years  after  his  arrival  in  the  capital  city  of 
Ohio  he  had  obtained  a one-third  interest  in  the  store.  The 
retail  business  failing  to  give  sufficient  scope  to  his  enter- 
prise, he  associated  himself  with  Mr.  Jones  in  1864,  and  com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


493 


menced  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  thus  establish- 
ing the  first  factory  of  the  kind  in  Columbus.  The  capital 
invested  at  the  outset  was  fifteen  thousand  dollars.  Under 
good  management  the  concern  has  so  prospered  that  the 
sales  during  the  past  year,  although  a year  of  financial  de- 
pression, reached  the  sum  of  six  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
and  the  profits  of  the  firm  for  the  past  eight  years  amount  to 
over  a quarter  million  dollars.  At  present  there  are  from 
one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  persons  em- 
ployed in  the  factory,  of  whom  about  one-third  are  women. 
He  was  married  in  1869  to  Grace  Kimball,  daughter  of  his 
first  employer  and  partner,  and  is  the  father  of  two  children. 


E.UNS,  THOM.US  W.,  Iron  Manufacturer,  was  born 
in  Spartansburg,  South  Carolina,  November  23d, 
1803,  being  the  third  child  in  a family  of  six, 
whose  parents  were  John  and  Anna  (Williamson) 
Means.  The  father,  a native  of  Union  county. 
South  Carolina,  was  chiefly  engaged  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  In  1819  he  moved  to  Ohio,  settling  in 
Adams  county,  near  Manchester,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  He  won  distinction,  and  in  some  cases  great  hos- 
tility, through  his  strong  anti-slavery  views,  and  upon  re- 
moval to  Ohio  took  with  him  his  slaves  and  there  set  them 
at  liberty.  He  was  a member  of  the  Legislature  in  .South 
Carolina,  and  also  in  Ohio,  and  was  Colonel  of  militia  in 
his  native  State.  He  was  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction,  of  the 
Presbyterian  faith,  and  was  brother  to  four  patriots  who  were 
active  participants  In  the  struggles  of  the  revolutionary  con- 
flict. The  mother,  a native  of  North  Carolina,  was  of  Eng- 
lish extraction,  and  of  a family  distantly  connected  with  Sir 
Isaac  Newton.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  became  in  his 
tenth  year  a student  in  a select  educational  establishment 
located  near  his  home,  where  he  remained  only  six  years, 
but  through  diligence  in  stuily  he  acquired  in  this  short  time 
not  only  a knowledge  of  the  various  ordinrry  branches 
taught  at  that  period,  but  also  a considerable  acquaintance 
with  the  classics.  He  spent  his  first  two  years  in  Ohio  upon  | 
his  father’s  farm,  and  in  1821  entereil  a store  in  West  Union,  j 
Adams  county,  where  he  remained  until  1830,  excepting 
two  years  spent  in  merchandising  at  Union  Furnace.  Dur- 
ing this  period  Mr.  Means  made  numerous  trips  to  the  East, 
as  was  the  custom  with  merchants  of  the  time,  in  order  to 
procure  and  personally  forward  their  merchandise,  and  his  j 
narratives  of  those  early  travels  are  full  of  interest  and  in- 
struction, forming  no  little  part  of  his  vast  and  entertaining 
store  of  anecdotes.  He  returned  to  Lawrence  county  in 
1830  and  became  Assistant  Manager  of  Union  Furnace, 
where  he  resided  un'il  1833,  and  then  moved  to  Union  ! 
Landing.  Here  he  may  be  said  to  have  spent  the  prime  of  j 
life,  devoting  himself  diligently  to  his  favorite  pursuit,  the  j 
manufacture  of  iron.  In  1866  he  purchased  a farm  near  ; 
Hanging  Rock,  Lawrence  county,  since  his  place  of  resi-  ! 


dence.  During  the  last  ten  years  he  has  been  engaged 
mainly  in  the  iron  interests  of  the  Hanging  Rock  iron  re- 
gion as  a vei-y  large  and  influential  stockholder.  He  now 
owns  large  interests  in  the  Buena  Vista,  Bellefonte,  Pine 
Grove  and  Ohio  P'urnaces,  and  in  the  Norton  Iron  Works, 
of  Ashland,  Kentucky.  He  is  also  the  holder  of  extensive 
properties  and  of  bank  stock  in  Ashland,  and  is  the  President 
of  the  Second  National  Bank  of  Ironton,  Ohio.  His  political 
creed  finds  expression  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  his  initial  vole  at  a PresideiUial  election  was  cast 
in  favor  of  John  Quincy  Adams.  In  religion  he  is  a Con- 
gregationalist.  His  present  fortune  is  the  result,  not  of  lucky 
turnings  and  accidents,  or  precarious  investment  of  specula- 
tion, but  of  careful  and  far-seeing  legitimate  business  opera- 
tions, based  upon  economy,  integrity  and  industry.  Now  in 
the  calm  sunset  of  a successful  life,  surrounded  by  hosts  of 
loving  and  revering  friends  and  kindred,  he  may  conjure  up 
fearlessly  the  records  of  his  many  years,  and  leave  them  to 
his  survivors  as  an  honorable,  as  a valuable  legacy.  He  was 
married,  December  4th,  1828,  to  Sarah  Ellison,  a native  of 
Adams  county,  Ohio,  daughter  of  John  Ellison,  an  early 
settler  of  Manchester,  Adams  county;  she  died  in  April, 
1871,  having  given  issue  of  nine  children. 


j^AZEN,  GENERAL  WILLIAM  BABCOCK,  was 
born  at  West  Hartford,  Windsor  county,  Vermont, 
September  27th,  1830.  His  parents  were  Still- 
man and  Ferone  (Fenno)  Hazen.  Their  ances- 
tors were  from  Connecticut,  and  members  of  the 
Plazen  family,  serving  with  distinction  in  the  war 
of  the  Revolution.  Stillman  Hazen  removed  to  Huron, 
Portage  county,  Ohio,  in  1833.  Of  his  family  of  three  sons 
and  three  daughters,  William  B.  was  next  to  the  youngest. 
After  receiving  a good  common  school  education,  he  was 
made  a cadet  at  West  Point,  entering  there  about  the  time 
he  came  of  age.  After  he  was  graduated,  in  June,  1855,  he 
was  made  a Brevet  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  4th  Infantry, 
and  sailed  in  September  to  join  his  regiment,  at  P'ort  Read- 
ing, on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  served  throughout  the  Indian 
troubles  in  Oregon,  and  in  1856  built  Fort  Yamhill.  Being 
promoted  to  a Second  Lieutenancy  in  the  8th  Infantry,  he 
proceeded  to  Texas  in  the  fall  of  1856  to  join  his  regiment 
at  I'ort  Davis.  During  the  Indian  troubles  in  western  Texas 
and  New  Mexico  he  served  with  great  credit,  and  was  several 
times  complimented  in  general  orders.  In  the  fall  of  1859, 
while  in  a hand-to-hand  encounter  with  a Camanche  brave, 
he  received  severe  gunshot  wounds.  After  this,  and  while 
convalescent,  citizens  of  Texas  presented  him  with  a sword 
for  services  rendered  on  the  frontier.  Early  in  i860  he  left 
Texas,  and  the  same  year  was  brevetted  a First  Lieutenant 
for  gallant  conduct  in  that  department,  and  in  the  following 
spring  was  promoted  to  a full  Lieutenancy.  When  he  had 
sufficiently  recovered  from  his  wounds  to  go  on  duty,  he  was 


494 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


made  Assistant  Professor  of  Infantry  Tactics  at  West  Point. 
In  September,  i86l,  after  repeatedly  recjuesting  to  be  sent 
into  active  service,  he  was  given  leave  of  absence  with 
authority  to  take  command  of  the  41st  Ohio  Infantry.  After 
being  stationed  for  a few  weeks  at  Gallipolis,  he  reported  to 
General  Buell  at  L.ouisville,  and  on  the  6th  of  January, 
1S62,  was  appointed  to  command  the  19th  Brigade,  Army 
of  the  Ohio.  In  the  succeeding  April  he  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  and  in  a charge  at  the  head 
of  his  troops  captured  two  batteries  and  a large  number  of 
prisoners.  He  moved  with  tlie  army  to  the  siege  of  Corinth, 
and  afterward  served  in  northern  Alabama  until  ordered  to 
take  command  of  the  post  at  Murfreesboro’.  His  brigade 
made  a dettrmiiied  stand  in  the  battle  at  this  point,  and  for 
this  and  other  soldierly  qualities,  its  commander  was  made 
a Brigadier-General.  During  1S63  he  was  very  active  in 
the  military  district,  and  at  Chickamauga  was  in  the  hottest 
part  of  the  battle,  his  being  the  last  organized  command  lo 
leave  the  field.  IBs  brigade  was  engaged  in  several  suc- 
cessful military  operations  after  this,  and  his  personal  cour- 
age was  conspicuous  on  many  occasions.  In  August,  1S64, 
he  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and 
jdaced  in  command  of  the  2d  Division  of  the  15th  Army 
Corps.  He  commanded  this  division  in  the  “ march  to  the 
sea,”  and  was  detailed  by  Sherman  to  storm  Fort  McAllister, 
near  Savannah.  This  he  accomplished  successfully,  cap- 
turing the  garrison,  ordnance,  and  everything  connected 
with  its  armament.  In  Janu.ary,  1865,  he  was  sent  with  his 
division  to  South  Carolina,  and  participated  in  several  en- 
gagements in  that  campaign.  For  bravery  displayed  in  the 
capture  of  P'ort  McAllister,  he  was  created  a Major-General, 
and  soon  after  appointed  to  command  the  15th  Army  Corps. 
Since  the  war  he  has  been  in  continued  service,  and  in  the 
army  holds  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier 
General. 


i. 


cD 


JLTE,  JOSEPH  HVPPOLYTE,  M.  D.,  was  born 
in  Meschede,  Westphalia,  October  6th,  1811.  His 
father,  Hermann  Joseph  Pulte,  M.  D.,  was  the 
Medical  Director  of  one  of  the  government  institu- 
tions for  the  education  ol  midwives,  and  as  these 
had  to  be  organized  all  over  the  newly  acquired 
provinces,  he  was  especially  deputed  for  that  service,  besides 
presiding  over  those  confided  to  his  care.  He  was  a man 
of  great  strength  of  character,  and  left  a noble  example, 
which  his  son  labored  to  imitate.  After  he  had  completed 
his  classical  course  at  the  Gymnasium  of  Soest,  and  his 
medical  studies  at  the  University  of  Marburg,  he  accepted 
an  tnvitation  from  his  oldest  brother  to  accompany  him  to 
America.  Eagerly  embr.vcing  the  opportunity  thus  opened 
to  him,  he  sailed  for  the  United  States  in  the  spring  of  1S34. 
Landing  at  New  York,  he  started  for  St.  Louis  to  meet  his 
brother  who  had  preceded  him,  and  passing  through  Penn- 
sylvania, was  induced  by  a personal  friend  to  remain  at  Cher- 


: ryville,  Northampton  county.  Here  he  formed  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Dr.  Williatri  Wesselhoeft,  who,  at  that  time,  resided 
a few  miles  distant.  F'rom  httn  he  learned  of  the  system  of 
Hahnemann,  and  its  wonderful  success,  and  on  his  sugges- 
tion was  led  to  test  its  merits  by  actual  experiments.  The 
results  were  so  remarkable  that  he_  warmly  embraced  the 
new  .system,  and  became  enthusiastic  in  his  devotion  to  it. 
He  gave  to  its  study  the  whole  of  his  energy,  and  shrank 
from  no  hardship  or  expense  necessary  to  complete  acquaint- 
ance with  it.  At  that  time  the  labor  of  attaining  a thorough 
knowledge  of  homoeopathy  was  very  great.  There  were  no 
books  upon  the  subject  to  be  had.  Text-books  and  reper- 
tories were  not  known.  A large  part  of  the  facts  and 
))ractical  knowledge  existed  only  in  manuscripts  sent  from 
Europe,  and  here  extensively  copied  and  circulated;  these 
he  thoroughly  studied.  It  was  by  these  means  that  the  first 
attempt  at  a more  .systematic  and  fixed  treatment  of  Asiatic 
cholera  was  transmitted  to  the  Northampton  County  Society 
of  Homoeopathic  Physicians,  and  piously  studied  and  rever- 
entially copied  by  its  members.  Slow  and  tedious  as  was 
this  process,  it  proved  effective  in  keeping  alive  the  zeal  of 
the  adherents  of  the  system,  and  probably  made  a deeper 
impression  upon  their  minds.  Knowledge  thus  acquired 
was  not  easily  forgotten.  Dr.  Pulte  soon  joined  the  band 
of  homoeopathists  n ho  had  formed  the  society  in  Northamp- 
ton county — the  first  one  of  the  kind  in  this  country.  It 
registered  among  its  members  some  of  the  most  eminent 
practitioners  whom  the  State  has  ever  known,  and  many 
clergymen  who  gave  the  influence  of  their  position  and  cul- 
ture to  the  advancement  of  the  cause.  The  most  valuable 
accession  to  the  society  was  Dr.  C.  Hering,  who  had  taken 
up  his  residence  in  Allentown  to  preside  over  the  academy 
which  had  been  formed  by  the  little  band  of  homcEopathists. 
Dr.  Pulte  recognized  in  Dr.  Hering  a man  of  power  and  of 
admirable  administrative  abilities,  and  submitted  gladly  to 
the  moulding  influence  of  his  genius.  Having  assisted  to 
organize  the  academy,  he  now  gave  his  best  energies  to  sus- 
tain its  reputation,  and  advance  its  prosperity.  After  six 
years  of  increasing  activity,  and  on  the  dissolution  of  the 
academy,  he  went' to  Cincinnati  in  1S40,  on  his  way  to  meet 
his  brother  in  St.  Louis.  He  travelled  in  company  with  an 
intelligent  Englishman,  Mr.  Edward  Giles,  who,  converted 
to  the  theory  of  homoeopathy,  needed  j.ractical  proof  if  it 
could  be  had.  On  the  steamer  he  met  with  the  lady  who 
was  destined  to  be  his  wife,  and  to  nhom  he  was  married 
in  1S40.  Remainitig  in  Cincinnati  long  enough  to  give  Mr. 
Giles  an  opportunity  of  witnessitig  cures  by  homoeopathy, 
he  opened  a private  dispensary,  where  soon  the  sick  chil- 
dren of  the  poorer  classes  gathered  for  relief.  It  was  sum- 
mer, and  the  usual  complaints  of  the  season  were  prevalent. 
Mr.  Giles  was  witness  to  the  marvellous  cures  performed, 
and  yielded  to  the  force  of  the  evidence  thus  furnished. 
The  news  of  his  success  soon  spread  over  the  city,  and  rich 
and  poor  applied  to  him  for  help;  and,  in  less  than  six 
weeks  from  the  time  of  his  arrival,  he  was  in  full  practice. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 


495 


and  obliged  to  relinquish  his  contemplated  visit  to  St.  Louis. 
In  1846  he  published  a work  on  history,  entitled  “ Organon 
of  the  History  of  the  World.”  This  volume,  altogether 
original  in  its  mode  of  dealing  with  its  subject,  gained  for 
him  the  esteem  and  friendship  of  such  men  as  Humboldt, 
Guizot,  Schelling,  Bunsen,  Lepsius,  and  W.  C.  Bryant.  In 
1S48,  having  originated  a plan  for  carrying  the  electric 
telegraph  around  the  world,  via  Behring’s  Straits,  or  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  to  Asia,  and  thence  to  Europe,  he  visited 
Europe  to  submit  his  well-matured  plans  to  the  governments 
immediately  interested.  His  efforts  were  not  successful; 
but  the  same  project,  with  the  same  detailed  data,  is  now 
carried  into  effect.  He  returned  to  America  promptly,  as 
the  Asiatic  cholera  was  making  rapid  strides  toward  this 
continent.  During  the  prevalence  of  this  fearful  scourge  in 
184^  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  homoeopathic 
treatment  triumphant  over  all  others.  It  was  by  his  e'xer- 
tions  and  counsel  that  a uniform  prophylactic  and  curative 
system  was  recommended  to  the  Homoeopathic  Society,  and 
generally  adopted  by  the  people.  Aftet  this  memorable 
encounter  with  the  most  terrible  scourge  of  the  world,  he 
had  the  gratification  of  seeing  homoeopathy  firmly  estab- 
lished in  the  West  and  South,  and  receiving  to  its  fold  large 
numbers  of  the  ablest  allopathic  ptactitioners.  In  1850  he 
published  his  “ Domestic  Practice,”  a work  that,  entirely 
original  in  its  arrangement,  has  rendered,  by  its  immense 
popularity,  many  works  on  the  subject  unnecessary  to  the 
present  time.  Reprinted  in  London,  it  has  passed  through 
several  editions;  and,  translated  into  Spanish,  has  become 
the  received  authority  in  Spain,  Cuba,  and  the  South  Ameri- 
can republics.  In  1852,  in  connection  with  Dr.  H.  P. 
Gatchell,  he  commenced  tlie  publication  of  the  American 
Magazine  of  Ilonmopathy  and  Hydropathy.  It  continued 
two  years  as  a monthly  ; in  the  third  as  a quarterly,  under 
Dr.  C.  D.  Williams,  and  was  then  discontinued.  During 
this  time.  Dr.  Pulte  filled  with  great  acceptance  the  chair 
of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  Hoinoeopathic  College  in  Cleve- 
kxnd,  and  afterwards  that  of  Obstetrics.  While  lecturing 
on  this  latter  subject,  he  prepareil  for  general  use  a work  on 
the  diseases  of  women,  entitled  “ The  Woman’s  Medical 
Guide.’’  It  appeared  in  Cincinnati  in  1853.  This  little 
work  gained  a very  rapid  popularity  in  this  country  and  in 
England,  and  was  translated  into  Spanish  in  Havana,  where 
it  has  an  extended  circulation.  When  di|rhtheria  appeared 
as  an  epidemic,  he  embodied  in  a monograph  his  views, 
with  the  results  of  his  experience,  anr)  his  mode  of  treat- 
ment. It  was  widely  spread  throughout  the  West.  In 
1S55,  the  centennary  of  Hahnemann’s  birth,  he  delivered 
the  address  before  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy 
in  Buffalo,  New  York.  Full  of  years  and  of  honors.  Dr. 
Pulte  has  made  the  most  valuable  contribution  to  the  cause 
of  homoeopathy  in  the  endowment  of  the  college  which 
bears  his  name.  It  was  opened  in  Cincinnati,  September 
27th,  1872,  and  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  schools  for  the 
advancement  of  homoeopathy. 


cBRIDE,  JAMES,  Author  and  Scientist,  was  born 
near  Greencastle,  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November  2d,  17S8.  His  grandparents  on  both 
sides  were  Scotch.  His  father  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  while  he  was  an  infant.  The  son  emi- 
grated to  Hamilton,  Butler  county,  Ohio,  in  1806. 
and  at  once  took  prominence  among  the  pioneers  of  those 
days.  P'or  many  years  he  devoted  his  attention  to  the  sur- 
vey and  investigation  of  supposed  ancient  fortifications  in 
southern  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  he  contributed  abundant 
material  to  the  work  issued  by  the  Smithsonian  Institute, 
entitled  “Ancient  Monuments  of  the  Mississijipi  Valley.” 
From  its  fiist  organization  he  was  a foremost  patron  of  the 
Miami  University  at  Oxford.  At  his  death  he  left  behind 
an  immense  quantity  of  valuable  manuscripts  relating  to  the 
early  settlement  of  Ohio,  and  the  books  published  from  them 
have  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  historian  and  biog- 
rapher. During  life  he  was  a large  contributor  to  various 
journals,  but  he  was  not  a journalist  in  the  strict  meaning  of 
the  term,  for  all  he  wrote  took  the  shape  of  communica- 
tions. He  was  married  early  in  life  to  Hannah,  daughter 
of  Judge  l.ylle,  of  Butler  county.  He  died  October  3d, 
1859,  the  decease  of  his  wife  occurring  but  ten  days  previ- 
ous, and  his  own  end  being  hastened  by  inconsolable  grief. 


'OOPER,  WILLIAM  C.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  De- 
cember i8th,  1832,  at  Mount  Vernon,  Knox 
county,  Ohio,  of  American  parentage,  and  of 
Scotch-Irish  lineage.  His  father,  and  also  his 
mother,  were  from  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania ; the  former  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
through  life,  and  was  a man  of  influence  in  the  county,  and 
filled  the  office  of  Mayor  of  the  town.  William  attended 
the  Mount  V’ernon  Academy  and  other  private  schools  until 
he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  working  on  the  farm  during 
vacation.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Col- 
onel J.  W.  V’ance  and  J.  Smith,  Jr.,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  when  twenty-two  years  old.  He  afterwards  passed 
some  eighteen  months  in  travelling,  and  on  his  return  home 


became  associated  with  one  of  his  preceptors.  Colonel  Vance, 
and  practised  his  profession  in  that  connection  until  1864, 
when  the  firm  was  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Colonel  Vance 
on  the  battle-field.  During  the  continuance  of  this  co- 
partnership they  had  the  largest  practice  in  Mount  Vernon. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  junior  partner  had  enlisted 
in  the  4th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  and  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant  of  Company  B.  He  served  with  that  command 
until  January,  1862,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  home 
to  take  charge  of  his  business.  In  1864  he  was  appointed 
Colonel  of  the  I42d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served 
at  Petersburg  during  the  period  of  the  one  hundred  days 
service;  this  was  immediately  after  the  death  of  Colonel 
Vance.  He  then  returned  to  Mount  V’ernon,  where  he 


496 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDl  A. 


passed  a year  in  real  estate  operations,  and  then  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  for  another  year,  alone.  He  afterwards 
associated  himself  with  H.  D.  Porter,  with  whom  he  prac- 
tised for  two  years,  when  L.  H.  Mitchell  was  added  to  the 
firm,  the  name  and  style  of  which  became  Cooper,  Porter  & 
Mitchell.  This  copartnership  was  dissolved  in  June,  1875, 
since  which  time  he  has  practised  alone,  and  enjoys  an  ex- 
tensive and  lucrative  patronage.  He  has  filled  several 
offices,  having  been  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1858, 
and  re-elected  in  i860,  his  term  expiring  in  1862.  In  i860 
he  was  also  elected  Mayor  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  re-elected 
in  1862,  his  official  term  expiring  in  1864.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  where  he  served 
two  years,  but  declined  a re  election.  In  political  views  he 
is  a Republican,  and  has  been  a member  of  the  Stale  Cen- 
tral Committee  for  several  years.  He  was  also  a delegate 
to  the  National  Republican  Convention,  in  1872,  wherein 
he  was  a member  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions.  Per- 
sonally he  is  of  a social  and  pleasant  disposition,  and  en- 
joys the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community  wherein  he 
resides.  He  was  married,  January  Sth,  1864,  to  Eliza, 
only  daughter  of  Dr.  Russell,  of  Mount  Vernon. 


AND,  SYLVESTER,  Manufacturer  of  Marbleized 
Iron  and  Slate,  Dealer  in  Slate,  Contractor  and 
Builder,  was  born,  October  15th,  1818,  in  Butler 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  Gideon  Hand,  who 
removed  from  New  Jersey  in  1812  to  Ohio, 
where  he  nnrried,  resided  and  died  on  his  fiirm, 
in  Butler  county.  After  a short  time  passed  at  school 
young  Hand  went  to  Cincinnati,  in  1835,  and  at  once 
began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a carpenter,  at  which  he 
worked  for  three  and  a half  years  as  an  apprentice,  never 
receiving  during  this  period  over  fifty  dollars  a year. 
When  he  reaxthed  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  had  suc- 
ceeded, by  means  of  working  at  night,  in  earning  enough 
to  purchase  a chest  of  tools ; and,  being  a thorough  master 
of  his  business,  commenced  to  work  on  his  own  account, 
taking  contracts  for  building.  For  the  period  of  sixteen 
years  he  continued  as  a master  contr.actor  and  builder,  and 
with  the  most  gratifying  success,  having  by  this  time 
amassed  a very  considerable  fortune ; indeed,  as  a car- 
penter and  builder,  his  successes  were  surprising  and  un- 
paralleled. Dealing  principally  with  men  of  considerable 
means,  who  preferred  to  be  relieved  of  the  division  and 
superintendence  of  their  work,  he  took  contracts  for  the 
masonry,  plumbing,  and  in  fact  of  the  entire  construction 
of  the  buildings,  superintending  the  whole  himself,  thus 
becoming  thoroughly  master  of  all  mechanical  branches 
connected  in  any  way  with  building  operations;  thus  emi- 
nently qualifying  himself  for  giving  his  attention  to  the 
business  in  which  he  has  been  engaged  for  the  past  twenty 
years  with  still  greater  success.  Desirous  of  pursuing  a less 


arduous  mechanical  vocation  than  that  which  during  his 
early  manhood  occupied  his  time,  he  purchased,  in  1856, 
the  marbleizing  works  of  ^dward  Taylor,  then  in  an  un- 
favorable and  imperfect  condition.  His  friends  considered 
this  the  wild,  ruinous  step  of  his  life,  one  which  would 
soon  surely  absorb  the  accumulations  of  m.any  years  of  hard 
effort ; but  the  result  showed  his  better  judgment.  The 
marbleizing  of  iron  was  not  yet  successful,  and  public  con- 
fidence had  not  been  given  to  it.  The  original  marbleizer, 
Whlliams,  had  just  failed  to  produce  perfect  work  at  his 
establishment  in  New  York  city.  Not  only  had  he  this  to 
contend  against,  at  the  lime  of  his  taking  hold  of  the  enter- 
prise in  Cincinnati,  but  the  bitter  opposition  of  marble  and 
slate  dealers  was  levelled  against  him.  Notwithstanding 
these  drawbacks,  he  saw  in  it  a valuable  and  beautiful  art, 
and  believed  it  could  be  rendered  perfect  and  durable  by  a 
little  determined  chemical  and  mechanical  skill;  and  this 
being  accomplished,  all  opposition  would  spontaneously 
cease.  Accordingly  in  a short  time,  in  the  process  of  ex- 
perimenting, with  the  so-called  skilled  workmen  employed 
by  his  predecessor,  he  succeeded  in  producing  perfect  work, 
and  the  whole  process  of  marbleizing  iron  was  made  abso- 
lutely perfect  in  his  hands.  He  was  thus  the  first  in  the 
whole  world  to  bring  the  process  to  a perfect  and  satisfac- 
tory working  condition.  To  him  the  country  is  largely,  if 
not  wholly,  indebted  for  the  beautiful  marbleized  iron 
mantels  of  every  possible  variety  of  color  and  finish  ; and 
no  real  marble  work  can  be  so  beautiful,  or  in  any  degree 
so  durable,  as  the  marbleized  .iron.  With  great  profit  to 
himself,  he  has  succeeded  in  introducing  this  work  over  the 
entire  country,  and  not  only  breaking  down  all  opposition 
from  nlarble  and  slate  dealers  and  the  people,  but,  after 
twenty  years  of  persistent  labor  and  success,  has  seen  a vast 
interest  in  the  same  line  spring  up  in  the  hands  of  others 
throughout  the  Union.  There  are  in  Cincinnati  alone  no 
less  than  six  houses  engaged  in  the  same  business.  He 
thus  created  a vast  industry  from  the  small  beginnings  of 
twenty  years  ago,  and  at  the  same  time  a great  business 
competition  throughout  the  land.  But  no  one  has  been  so 
long  and  so  persistently  connected  with  this  beautiful  work 
as  himself,  and  it  may  be  doubted  if  any  have  been  so  suc- 
cessful as  he  in  every  point  of  view.  He  has  established  a 
branch  house  in  St.  Louis,  in  charge  of  a partner  and  one 
of  his  own  sons;  the  firm-name  is  Sylvester  Hand  & Co. 
This  house  controls  the  entire  trade  of  that  portion  of  the 
West.  The  establishment  in  Cincinnati  is  under  his  sole 
control  and  management,  and  the  greater  part  of  the 
marbleizing  is  there  done  under  his  direct  supervision,  and 
there  also  all  the  grates,  mantels  and  oilier  iron  fixtures  are 
cast  from  models  of  his  own  design  and  make.  In  Chicago 
he  has  organized  a vast  business  connection,  which  controls 
the  trade  of  the  Northwest.  This  company,  or  house,  is 
composed  of  the  following  parties:  Sylvester  Hand,  J.  I,. 
Schureman,  S.  B.  Vowell  and  W.  IL  De  Camp.  The  busi- 
ness of  this  corporation  also  includes  the  importing  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


497 


manufacturing  of  marble  and  granite,  and  they  carry  on  the 
largest  monumental  and  other  marble  work  in  the  ^Vest, 
importing  their  foreign  marble  from  Italy  and  their  do- 
mestic marble,  etc.,  direct  from  the  quarries  of  the  United 
States.  This  company,  of  which  he  is  the  President,  is  thus 
composed  of  some  of  the  most  thorough  and  energetic 
business  men  of  the  country.  In  the  Illinois  State  Peni- 
tentiary they  own  a vast  steam  marble  works,  operated  by 
the  convicts,  by  contract  with  the  State  government  for  a 
series  of  years.  In  each  of  these  establishments  hundreds 
of  hands  are  employed,  and  the  amount  of  work  annually 
produced  can  be  better  imagined  than  named.  Although 
Sylvester  Hand  may  be  ranked  as  one  of  the  wealthy  men 
of  Cincinnati,  and  one  who  has  done  a vast  amount  of  suc- 
cessful business,  yet  the  greater  portion  of  his  wealth  is 
owing  to  the  increase  in  the  value  of  real  estate  acquired 
and  disposed  of  from  time  to  time.  He  has  devoted  his 
time  and  attention  chiefly  to  his  business,  consequently  he 
has  had  little  to  do  with  politics  or  social  organizations. 
He  is  yet  a vigorous  and  enthusiastic  business  man,  using 
his  means  to  advance  his  better  interests  and  those  of 
society,  being  a liberal  patron  of  many  of  the  city  charities 
and  benevolent  enterprises,  as  he  deems  this  but  a reason- 
able service  and  duty  of  an  able  citizen.  He  began  his 
career  without  means,  friends,  and  with  but  little  education. 
Throughout  his  busy  life  he  has  taken  occasion  to  add,  in 
every  possible  way,  to  his  stock  of  knowledge.  He  cer- 
tainly ranks  as  one  of  the  most  remarkably  successful  self- 
made  men  of  his  day,  if  business,  wealth  and  honorable 
standing  constitute  a successful  life.  He  was  married  in 
1845  to  Margaret  Innis,  formerly  of  Scotland.  He  has 
three  children,  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  One  son  is  in 
his  .St.  Louis  house,  and  the  other  with  him  in  Cincinnati ; 
while  his  daughter  is  the  wife  of  Hannaford,  the  Cincinnati 
architect. 


<0 


U'l^HNAXS,  JAMES  J., 
I I 1818,  at  Maysville, 
I I in  1791,  was  a coi 


Lawyer,  was  born,  June  7th, 
Kentucky.  His  father,  born 
commission  merchant  at  Mays- 
^<  5,  ville,  and  moved  to  Greene  county,  Ohio,  in 
1819.  Here  he  first  embarked  in  merchandising. 
He  afterwards  practised  medicine,  in  which  he 
was  engaged  for  twenty-five  years  in  Greene  county.  Dr. 
Winans  died  July  7th,  1849.  The  early  education  of  our 
subject  was  received  in  the  common  schools.  In  1840  he 
began  to  read  law  with  John  B.  Houston,  then  of  Win- 
chester, now  of  Lexington,  Kentucky.  He  completed  his 
professional  course  under  Judge  Simpson,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1841.  In  the  spring  of  the  following 
year  he  commenced  practice  in  Indiana.  In  February  of 
1843  Mr,  Winans  returned  to  Ohio,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  this  .State,  and  settled  in  Xenia,  where  he  has  since 
remained.  In  June,  1845,  appointed  Clerk  of  the 

Greene  county  courts,  serving  until  he  resigned,  in  1851. 


In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  remaining  there 
one  term.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the  lower  House  of 
the  Legislature.  In  February,  1S64,  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  to  take  the  place  of 
Judge  White,  appointed  to  the  Supreme  bench.  In  the 
following  fall  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term,  and 
in  1866  he  was  elected  for  the  full  term  of  five  years.  In 
August  of  1868  Judge  Winans  was  nominated  for  Congress 
by  the  Republican  party.  He  resigned  from  the  bench, 
and  was  elected,  serving  with  credit  until  the  expiration  of 
his  term,  in  1871,  when  he  resumed  his  practice  in  Xenia. 
In  1872  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  the  Liberals 
and  Democrats,  but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Gunckel,  of  Day- 
ton,  tbe  Republican  nominee.  In  1840  Judge  M'inans 
voted  for  General  Harrison,  for  Henry  Clay  in  ’44,  for 
Martin  Van  Buren  in  ’48,  for  John  P.  Hale  in  ’52,  for  John 
C.  I'l-emont  in  ’56,  for  Lincoln  in  ’60  and  ’64,  for  Grant  in 
’68  and  for  Greeley  in  ’72.  Judge  Winans  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Xenia  Gas  Company,  and  has  been  active 
in  the  promotion  of  all  local  enterprises.  September,  1843, 
he  married  Caroline  E.  Morris,  of  Xenia,  niece  of  William 
ElLsberry,  Esq.,  one  of  tbe  pioneer  lawyers  of  soutbern 
Ohio;  also  a niece  of  Hon.  Thomas  Morris,  formerly 
United  States  Senator  from  Ohio. 


MITH,  JOSEPPI  B.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  March 
29th,  1829,  in  Columbia  county,  Ohio.  His 
father  was  a native  of  Ireland,  who  came  to  this 
country  when  a child  and  passed  his  life  as  a 
farmer.  His  mother  was  a native  of  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania.  Joseph  attended  the  district 
school  in  winter  and  worked  on  the  farm  in  summer 
until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age.  The  year  following  he 
spent  at  the  Manual  College  of  Pennsylvania,  defraying  his 
expenses  by  the  work  of  his  hands.  When  at  college  he 
cut  his  leg  while  lumbering,  and  has  since  been  lame.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  accepted  a position  as 
teacher  of  a school  in  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  for 
one  year.  The  next  three  years  he  passed  chiefly  in  teach- 
ing school,  in  the  meantime  reading  law  with  Judge  Clark, 
at  New  Lisbon,  Illinois.  Mr.  Smith  was  admitted  to  the 
Cincinnati  bar  in  the  spring  of  1851.  He  began  the  prac- 
tice, of  his  profession  in  Columbia  county,  Ohio,  remaining 
there  until  the  spring  of  1857,  when  he  went  to  Kansas. 
Here  he  made  many  friends,  attracted  public  attention,  and 
in  tbe  fall  following  his  arrival  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate.  He  served  his  constituents  well  until  tbe  spring 
of  1858,  when  he  returned  to  Ohio,  locating  in  Bellairc, 
Belmont  county.  He  has  since  made  his  home  in  Bellaire, 
and  is  the  oldest  resident  lawyer  in  the  town.  By  close 
attention  to  business,  and  fidelity  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients,  Mr.  Smith  has  acquireil  an  extensive  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was  appointed,  by  the 


498 


DIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


Governor  of  Ohio,  a Commissioner  to  the  army  in  Texas, 
lie  has  been  for  many  years  attorney  for  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburgh  Railroad  Company.  In  the  course  of  his  long 
professional  career  Mr.  Smith  has  had  many  important  cases 
intrusted  to  him,  all  of  which  he  conducted  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  his  clients,  October  loth,  1865,  he  married  Eliza 
R.  Preston,  of  Columbia  county,  Ohio. 


ARCIIET,  MOSES,  was  born,  April  17th,  1803, 
on  the  island  of  Guernsey,  British  Channel.  Ills 
parents  came  to  this  country  in  1806  and  settled 
in  Cambridge,  Ohio.  Ilis  father  was  a farmer. 
Moses  attended  a country  school  kept  by  Thomas 
Campbell,  under  whom  he  made  good  progress 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  a serviceable  education.  lie 
was  obliged  to  leave  school  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  in 
consequence  of  delicate  health.  He  entered  the  office  of 
the  County  Clerk,  and  remained  there  until  he  reached  his 
majority.  He  then  farmed  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  filling  this  position  as  well  as  that  of  Clerk  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  for  seven  years.  For  this  latter  position  he  was 
examined  at  Lancaster  by  Judge  Sherman,  father  of  the  gen- 
eral of  the  army.  In  1834  he  was  reappointed  Clerk,  hold- 
ing that  office  until  1841.  Since  1859  he  has  been  Master 
Commissioner  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  being  succes- 
sively reappointed  for  terms  of  three  years  each.  Mr.  Tar- 
chet  has  been  a Justice  of  the  Peace  since  1864,  with  the 
exception  of  an  interval  from  August,  1870,  to  1S73. 
and  his  family  have  been  identified  with  the  growth  of 
Guernsey  county,  which,  upon  its  organization,  in  1810, 
took  its  name  from  the  native  place  of  several  pioneer 
families.  Mr.  Tarchet  was  married,  March,  1825,  to 
Martha  Bichard,  also  of  Guernsey,  who  still  lives. 


COTT,  WILLIAM,  Banker,  was  born,  September 
25th,  1801,  in  Jessamine  county,  Kentucky.  He 
is  of  Scotch  Irish  extraction.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  North  Carolina  and  his  mother  a Vir- 
ginian, who  settled  in  Ohio  in  November  of  1808, 
being  among  its  earliest  pioneers.  William  at- 
tended such  schools  as  were  within  the  reach  of  the  youth 
of  that  day.  In  1823  he  engaged  in  merchandising  in 
Piqua,  Ohio,  with  a capital  of  only  a little  more  than  one 
hundred  dollars.  Without  friends  or  credit,  but  with  econ- 
omy,  application  and  industry,  he  was  soon  able  to  extend 
his  business,  including  within  his  scope  all  that  pertains  to 
a complete  frontier  trading  store.  For  twelve  years  he 
bought  and  sold  all  the  pork  raised  in  his  county,  making 
large  shipments  to  the  best  markets.  In  1847  he  engaged 
in  banking,  and  became  President  of  the  Piqua  branch  of  I 


the  State  Bank.  He  held  this  position  until  1864,  when  his 
bank  became  the  Piqua  National  Bank.  Of  the  old  insti- 
tution under  a new  name  he  was  also  elected  President. 
In  addition  to  his  regular  business  Mr.  Scott  has  also  been 
engaged  in  large  real  estate  ventures.  He  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  in  his  county.  October  4th,  1827,  Mr.  Scott 
married  Jane  Morrow,  of  Piqua,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children,  two  sons  and  two  daughters.  His  sons  are  enter- 
prising business  men  of  Piqua. 


i^HIDLAW,  REV.- BENJAMIN  W.,  Clergj’man, 
was  born,  July  14th,  1811,  in  the  town  of  Bala, 
county  of  Merioneth,  North  Wales,  and  is  of 
French  Huguenot  lineage  on  his  father’s  side, 
and  on  his  mother’s  of  Welsh  descent.  He  re- 
ceived his  primary  education  in  a log  school 
house  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  taught  the 
English  language;  he  subsequently  entered  Miami  Uni- 
versity, at  Oxford,  Oliio,  from  which  institution  he  gradu- 
ated in  1833.  After  leaving  college  he  commenced  study- 
ing for  the  ministry,  in  which  he  was  engaged  three  years, 
revisiting  his  native  country  in  1835.  Shortly  after  his 
return  to  the  United  States  he  was  ordained  a pastor  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Oxford,  and  was  settled  over  a Welsh  Con- 
gregational Church  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
preached  and  taught  in  Welsh  and  English  for  five  years; 
beginning  with  the  children  in  other  outlying  districts,  and 
organizing  Sunday-schools,  he  succeeded  in  building  up 
congregations  as  time  rolled  on.  The  pecuniary  support 
he  received,  however,  was  inadequate  to  his  wants,  and  he 
was  about  to  accept  the  kind  offer  of  an  aged  farmer,  who 
offered  him,  rent  free,  several  acres  of  his  rich  alluvial  soil 
for  cultivation,  when  he  providentially  formed  the  ac-. 
quaintance  of  B.  J.  Seward,  agent  of  the  American  Sun- 
day-school Union  in  Cincinnati,  by  whom  he  was  intro- 
duced to  the  secretary  of  that  society,  and  in  the  course  of 
a few  months  entered  into  its  employment.  During  his 


long  continuance  with  that  organization  he  was  enabled, 
directly  and  indirectly,  to  establish  hundreds  of  Sunday- 
schools  and  to  preach  the  gospel  in  numerous  localities, 
where  it  had  been  seldom  or  never  heardr  In  many  in- 
stances these  labors,  in  organizing  the  union  Sunday- 
schools,  combined  the  feeble  religious  elements  in  the 
.village  and  settlement,  followed  by  a meeting  for  prayer, 
praise  and  Christian  conference,  then  the  gospel  ministry 
and  the  organization  of  a Christian  congregation.  Among 
the  first  schools  he  established  was  the  Pike  Run  Union 
Sunday-school,  in  Allen  county,  then  a new  and  sparsely 
settled  neighborhood,  enjoying  no  religious  privileges. 
This  school  prospered,  and  during  the  following  year  a 
prayer-meeting  followed  the  Sunday-school  held  in  the 
morning ; and  before  its  close  a church  was  constituted  and 
a log  meeting  house  built.  He  paid  a visit  in  1869  to  this 


LIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOP-’liDIA. 


499 


locality,  aiul  was  cordially  welcomed  by  the  old  people, 
who  well  remembered  his  advent  among  them  over  thirty 
years  before,  and  his  efforts  to  advance  the  cause  of  religion 
among  them.  He  found  a church  with  a membership  of 
over  three  hundred,  and  four  large  and  flourishing  Sunday- 
schools;  and  in  this,  and  other  localities  which  he  visited  at 
that  time,  he  discovered  many  of  the  scholars  of  former 
years  had  become  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  superin- 
tendents and  ministers  of  the  gospel;  During  the  late  civil 
war  he  was  Chaplain  of  the  39th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  was  also  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  United 
States  Christian  Commission.  He  was  appointed,  in  1866, 
a Commissioner  of  the  Ohio  Reform  Farm  School,  contain- 
ing 500  hoys.  He  held  this  position  for  nine  years.  He 
received  his  commission  as  a Missionary  of  the  American 
Sunday-School  Union,  February  12th,  1836,  which  he  still 
retains,  thus  having  been  connected  with  that  society  over 
forty  years.  He  was  married  in  May,  1843,  to  Rebecca 
Hughes,  and  has  a family  of  six  children  living. 


ULLIVAX,  JOHN  T.,  Tobacco  Planter,  was  born^ 
August  25th,  1822,  on  a farm,  near  the  village  of 
Dover,  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  and  is  a son 
of  Randolph  Sullivan,  formerly  of  Virginia.  He 
is  of  Irish  lineage,  his  paternal  ancestors  having 
emigrated  at  a very  early  day  to  America,  and 
settled  in  Virginia.  One  of  the  Sullivans  intermarried  with 
the  celebrated  Randolph  family  of  that  colony,  from  whom 
his  father  acquired  his  patronymic.  The  latter  removed  to 
Kentucky,  which  he  made  his  future  home,  and  where  his 
children  were  born.  John  T.  acquired  all  the  education  it 
was  possible  to  obtain  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood, 
and  then  entered  college  with  a view  of  preparing  himself 
for  becoming  a physician;  but  the  confinement  and  require- 
ments of  study  proved  irksome  to  one  possessed  of  his 
active  habits,  and  having  abandoned  the  idea,  returned  in 
poor  health  to  his  father's  farm,  where  he  employed  him- 
self in  the  culture  of  tobacco  until  he  attained  his  majority. 
Soon  after  this  he  married  and  removed  to  the  adjoining 
county  of  Bracken,  where  extra  inducements  were  offered 
to  tobacco  grwwers  by  new  and  cheap  lands.  Here  he  en- 
gaged extensively  in  business  as  farmer,  storekeeper,  and 
tobacco  dealer,  and  by  his  activity,  enterprise,  and  constant 
business  intercourse  with  the  people,  soon  acquired  great 
influence  with  them;  and  by  personal  effort,  as  well  as  by 
furnishing  the  latest  and  most  reliable  ijiformation  as  to  the 
growth,  packing,  and  handling  of  tobacco,  beside  a market 
at  their  very  doors,  at  the  highest  price  for  all  they  grew, 
he  succeeded  in  the  development  of  that  interest  in  Bracken 
county  until  it  became  the  banner  county  of  the  district  for 
fine  tobacco.  He  remained  there  f.r  many  years,  all  the 
time  being  engaged — in  addition  to  his  farming  and  store- 
keeping— as  the  head  of  a large  tobacco  firm,  composed  of 


bankers  and  merchants,  at  Ripley,  Ohio,  and  packed  and 
shipped  a thousand  hogsheads  of  tobacco  yearly  to  all  the 
markets  of  the  United  States.  Although  residing  in  a com- 
paratively obscure  rural  district,  he  was  as  widely  and 
favorably  known  to  the  shipping  markets  of  New  Orleans, 
Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  and  New  York,  and  the  cutting 
men  of  Rochester,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Toledo,  Detroit, 
Milwaukee,  and  Chicago,  as  to  the  most  prominent  city 
dealers.  The  appetite  for  business  “ growing  by  that  upon 
which  it  fed,”  and  the  war  between  the  South  and  the  gen- 
eral government  having  closed  one  of  the  jirominent  sea- 
ports— New  Orleans — to  shipments  from  the  North,  he 
sought  a new  field  for  his  enterprise,  and  about  that  time 
removed  to  Cincinnati  and  engaged  in  the  leaf  tobacco  job- 
bing and  commission  business.  To  this  point  his  old  neigh- 
bors and  acquaintances  from  the  Mason  county  district 
followed  him  with  their  fine  tobacco,  and  he  was  soon  in 
the  front  rank  of  commission  men  and  dealers.  Quick  to 
discover  the  demands  of  the  cutting  trade  for  sweet  tobacco, 
he  established  a system  of  re-handling  and  re-drying  all  his 
tobaccos,  which  insured  their  sweetness  beyond  all  contin- 
gency, and  soon  made  them  a necessity  to  cutters;  which 
fact  gave  him  the  control  of  the  cutting  trade,  and  was  the 
source  of  a considerable  addition  to  his  fortunes.  Country 
dealers,  stimulated  by  his  success  in  sales  and  profits,  took 
greater  pains  in  the  preparation  of  their  tobaccos,  which 
were  all  shipped  to  Cincinnati.  This  contributed  largely  to 
the  tobacco  trade  of  the  city,  and,  in  turn — on  the  principle 
that,  “ where  the  carcass  is,  there  will  the  eagles  be  gath- 
ered ” — cutters  from  all  parts  of  the  United  Stales  and 
Canada  were  brought  together,  and  thus  by  his  efforts  a new 
era  was  inaugurated  in  the  tobacco  trade  of  Cincinnati,  and 
that  city  was  made,  as  she  is  to-day,  the  principal  market 
for  the  cutting  stock  of  the  United  State.%  not  to  say  the 
world.  Having  now  accumulated  a handsome  capital,  in 
connection  with  his  brothers  and  brothers-in-law,  he  erected 
a mammoth  warehouse  in  Covington,  Kentucky,  and  began 
a warehouse  business.  For  these  purposes  the  building 
was  a mistake  as  to  location  (though  admirably  adapted  to 
the  business  in  other  respects) ; yet  by  indomitable  energy 
and  perseverance  it  was  made  a success  pecuniarily,  and 
added,  in  the  effort  to  get  business  for  this  house,  largely 
to  the  receipts  of  tobacco  from  fields  that,  up  to  this  time, 
were  comparatively  unknown  to  Cincinnati.  His  hands 
being  now  full  of  outside  business — operating  a large  farm 
in  Illinois,  a gold  mine  in  North  Carolina,  and  divers  and 
sundry  individual  enterprises  in  and  around  his  home — he 
relimjuished  the  warehouse  and  allowed  it  to  pass  into 
other  hands,  and  contented  himself  with  a smaller  business 
requiring  less  of  his  individual  efforts.  He  remained,  how- 
ever, as  much  interested  as  ever  in  the  tobacco  interest,  and 
took  an  honest  pride  in  the  continuance  of  the  success  of 
the  market  with  which  he  had  effected  .so  much  in  enlarg- 
ing its  sphere  of  operations,  and  he  omitted  no  opportunity 
to  extend  the  area  of  its  influence  by  the  distribution  of 


500 


lUOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 


“ white  seed  ” in  addition  to  personal  visits  and  counsel  to 
growers  in  new  districts.  He  is  now  engaged  in  a most 
interesting  experiment,  having  for  its  object  the  .extension 
of  the  territory  in  which  cutting  tobacco  may  be  grown. 
This  experiment  is  in  connection  with  an  enterprising  cut- 
ting house  in  Dayton,  and  is  an  effort  to  introduce  and 
grow  the  Mason  county  w'hite  tobacco  in  a district  of  Ohio 
on  the  Miami  and  Mad  rivers,  adjacent  to  Dayton  and 
Miamisburg,  and  hitherto  devoted  entirely  to  the  growth  of 
Ohio  seed  leaf.  At  the  same  time  he  desires  to  demon- 
strate the  fact  that  by  growing  and  curing  this  Ohio  seed 
leaf  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Mason  county  tobacco  is 
grow'n  and  cured,  that  it  will  be  just  as  good  for  cutting  as 
the  Mason  county  variety.  This  is  a very  important  move- 
ment, and  he,  wdth  his  friends,  have  largely  invested  in  this 
enterprise.  He  has  received  many  evidences  of  the  esteem 
in  which  he  is  held,  and  the  value  of  his  labors,  by  being 
chosen,  as  long  as  he  desired  to  hold  the  position,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Tobacco  Board  of  Trade.  He  is  a mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  Covington,  and  Chairman  of  the 
P'inance  Committee  of  that  body;  and  is  also  a member  of 
the  School  Board  of  that  city.  He  holds  at  present  the 
position  of  President  of  the  Covington,  Flemingsburg  & 
Pound  Gap  Railroad  Company — a very  important  line, 
penetrating  the  coal  fields  of  Kentucky,  and  a road  which 
will  add  much  to  the  wealth  of  that  section  and  the  region 
through  which  it  passes.  He  is  unceasing  in  his  efforts'  in 
its  behalf,  and  if  it  is  a success  it  will  be  mainly  due  to  his 
exertions.  In  personal  appearance  he  is  about  five  feet 
■eleven  inches  high,  of  dark  complexion,  black  hair,  flat  and 
rather  loosely  built,  with  a shambling,  striding  gait  in  his 
walk,  and  indifferent  as  to  his  apparel.  He  is  of  a modest 
and  somewhat  retiring  disposition,  of  unceasing  energy  and 
tireless  industry  ; hopeful  in  his  temper  of  mind;  enthusias- 
tic in  his  advocacy  of  new  measures;  of  the  strictest  integ- 
rity; prompt  to  adopt  new  ideas,  and  always  ready  and 
willing  to  back  his  view's  with  his  labor  and  capital.  Of 
positive  opinions,  and  tenacious  in  adhering  to  them,  he  is 
sometimes  unfortunate  in  offending  by  speech,  without  the 
remotest  intention  of  doing  so.  He  is  a good  friend, 
liberal  in  his  charities  to  the  poor  and  his  donations  to  the 
church;  possesses  a kind  heart,  and  is  a good  husband, 
father,  and  citizen,  and  one  of  whom  the  leaf  tobacco  trade 
of  Cincinnati  may  well  feel  proud. 


ERGEN,  SVMMES  HENRY,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
w’as  born,  July  15th,  1826,  near  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  and  is  a son  of  Christopher  Bergen,  an 
officer  in  the  war  of  1812.  His  paternal  grand- 
father was  an  officer  in  the  revolutionary  army. 
He  received  a thorough  classical  education  in  a 
private  collegiate  school  in  Freehold,  New  Jersey,  and  sub- 
sequently, in  1844,  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 


his  brother.  Dr.  Alfred  Bergen.  He  attended  two  courses 
of  lectures  in  the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  at  Pittsfield, 
Massachusetts,  and  also  one  course  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  in  New  York  city.  Having  become  a 
private  pupil  of  Professor  Alonzo  Clark,  he  accompanied 
the  latter  to  Woodstock,  Vermont,  in  the  spring  of  1848, 
and  in  the  month  of  June  of  the  same  year  received  a 
diploma  and  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the 
Vermont  Medical  College.  In  the  course  of  the  following 
autumn  he  also  received  a diploma  from  the  Berkshire 
Medical  College.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  North  Bay,  Oneida  county.  New  York  State,  July 
15th,  1848,  where  he  remained  seven  years,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  resided.  His 
political  sentiments  were  originally  those  of  the  old  Whig 
party,  and  since  its  disintegration  he  has  allied  himself  with 
the  Republicans.  In  1861  he  w'as  elected  Coroner  of  Lucas 
county,  and  re-elected  in  1863  and  1864,  serving  in  that 
office  for  four  years.  At  present  he  is  a member  of  the 
Board  of  Health  ; he  is  also  a member  of  the  Toledo  Medi- 
cal Association,  and  President  of  the  Toledo  Mutual  Life 
Insurance  Company.  He  was  married,  November  28th, 
i860,  to  Mary  S.  Lalor,  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 


^3 

""^ARRIS,  JOSEPH  ALBERT,  Journalist,  born  in 
Becket,  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  January 
■?vjl||  15th,  1808.  He  W'as  early  taught  industrious, 

studious,  truthful  habits.  In  1S18  his  parents 
O'  removed  to  the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve, 

and  built  a log  cabin  in  the  sparsely  settled  woods 
of  the  lake  region,  thirty  miles  from  Cleveland.  Until  near 
twenty  years  of  age  he  assisted  in  clearing  and  cultivating  a 
farm,  the  site  of  the  flourishing  Village  of  North  Amherst. 
His  educational  advantages  w'ere  the  district  winter  school, 
the  few  books  brought  from  the  East,  and  the  lVee/;ly 
Cleveland  Herald.  The  books  and  paper  were  studied  by 
the  evening  fire,  fed  by  hickory  bark,  or  the  primitive  lamp 
of  the  settlers.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  taught  in 
the  log  school-house  near  his  father’s  farm,  at  ten  dollars 
per  month  and  “ boarded  around,”  and  for  three  winters 
continued  to  teach  in  other  districts  at  but  a slight  advance 
in  pay.  At  twenty  he  entered  a law  office  in  Elyria  and 
began  the  study  of  law.  In  one  year  he  gave  up  law  for 
the  position  of  Constable  and  Deputy  Sheriff.  On  the 
death  of  the  Sheriff  he  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
and  then  elected  and  re-elected  to  that  office.  In  1832,  in 
partnership  with  two  printers,  he  purchased  the  defunct 
Lorain  Gazette,  and  started  the  Ohio  Atlas  and  Elyria  Ad- 
vertiser, Mr.  Harris  being  the  editor.  Before  the  close  of 
his  second  official  year  as  Sheriff  he  accepted  an  offer  of 
?300  per  year,  without  hoard,  with  a prospect  of  much 
travel  in  the  South,  and  sold  the  Atlas,  resigned  his  office, 
and  removed  to  Columbus.  At  one  time  he  was  tempted  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOIVEDIA. 


501 


purchase  a plantation  stocked  with  negroes;  but  after  in- 
vestigating the  system  he  concluded  it  would  be  better  to 
saw  wood  in  free  Ohio  than  to  accept  the  plantation, 
negroes  and  all,  as  a present.  In  1837  he  removed  to 
Cleveland  and  became  proprietor,  with  the  late  Judge 
Whittlesey,  of  the  Herald — the  Daily  Herald  and  IVhig, 
rival  papers,  had  been  consolidated  in  one  journal.  At  the 
end  of  the  first  year  Judge  Whittlesey  became  so  discour- 
aged by  the  ill  success  that  he  withdrew  and  left  Mr.  Harris 
sole  proprietor.  He  had  a hard  struggle  during  that  finan- 
cial crisis,  but  with  his  new  rule — pay  as  you  go — he  soon 
p.rid  off  the  old  debts,  and  the  Herald  had  money  in  bank. 
He  allowed  no  husband  to  advertise  his  absent  wife,  warn- 
ing the  public  not  to  trust  her;  masters  were  not  allowed  to 
advertise  their  runaway  slaves ; and  quack  medical  notices 
of  a vicious  tendency  were  carefully  excluded.  In  reading 
matter,  only  that  which  he  would  read  aloud  in  the  pres- 
ence of  his  daughter  and  ladies  was  admitted.  He  pub- 
lished free  all  marriages,  deaths,  obituaries,  religious, 
society,  benevolent,  temperance.  Masonic,  Odd  Fellow,  and 
in  short,  all  notices  of  public  interest,  including  political 
meetings,  conventions,  and  nominations  of  all  parties;  and 
also  sent  a free  copy  to  the  clergy  of  every  denomination. 
This  original,  liberal  policy  endeared  the  Herald  to  the 
public  and  made  its  success  permanent.  In  1850  Mr.  A. 
W.  P'airbanks,  of  the  Toledo  Blade,  removed  to  Cleveland 
and  became  joint  owner  of  the  Herald  by  adding  a job 
office,  and  took  charge  of  the  business  and  printing  depart- 
ments in  the  firm  of  Harris  & Fairbanks.  In  the  spring  of 
1853  Mr.  George  A.  Benedict  became  one  of  the  proprie- 
tors and  associate  editor  of  the  Herald.  The  paper  was 
thus  owned  and  edited  until  the  senior  partner  withdrew 
from  the  concern.  At  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
Mr.  Harris  dissolved  his  long  connection  with  the  press. 
His  characteristics  were  industry,  sound  judgment,  and  in- 
flexible integrity.  Early  in  life,  when  it  was  fashionable 
for  every  one  to  drink  whiskey,  wine,  and  beer,  Mr.  Harris 
resolved  to  never  taste  again  anything  which  intoxicates. 
This  pledge  he  always  kept  sacredly.  Soon  he  abandoned 
tobacco  in  all  its  forms;  and  later,  tea  and  coffee  were  dis- 
carded. As  he  looks  back  over  his  hapjw,  healthful  life, 
nothing  gives  him  more  satisfaction  than  the  thought  that 
he  has  been  able  to  keep  this  pledge  of  his  boyhood,  and  to 
set  the  example  of  total  abstinence  to  all  the  young  people 
of  his  acquaintance.  After  withdrawing  from  the  Herald 
he  secured  a tract  of  land  a few  miles  west  of  Cleveland,  on 
Lake  Cliff,  and  soon  had  it  under  cultivation.  Choice 
t.ible  grapes  have  been  a specialty,  and  he  has  been  hon- 
ored with  many  first  premiums.  In  the  Cincinnati  Indus- 
trial Exposition  of  1872  he  took  all  the  principal  ])remiums 
on  hardy  grapes.  Sixty-three  varieties  were  exhibited,  and 
were  pronounced  the  finest  and  largest  collection  ever  shown 
in  Ohio.  Of  his  crop  of  1874,  more  than  thirty-four  tons  of 
grapes,  for  table  use,  were  sold  by  a commission  house  in 
Detroit.  In  1846  he  was  an  Alderman  of  Cleveland,  and 


in  1847  elected  Mayor.  Those  were  the  only  official 
positions  he  ever  held  in  Cleveland.  During  the  session 
of  1856-57  he  was  the  Reporting  Clerk  of  the  Ohio  House 
of  Representatives.  He  was  frequently  a delegate  to  con- 
ventions. He  was  a member  of  the  Presidential  Conven- 
tions which  nominated  General  Winfield  Scott  and  John  C. 
Fremont.  Early  in  his  term  of  office  as  Sheriff  of  Lorain 
county,  he  married  Esther  1\I.  Race,  who  was  a native  of 
Berkshire  county,  M.assachusetts.  They  began  housekeep- 
ing in  the  log  county  jail.  She  has  proved  a true  wife  and 
helpilieet — an  active  and  devoted  friend  of  the  poor,  the 
sick,  the  orphan — and  was  engaged  in  the  woman’s  sanitary 
work  for  the  soldiers  of  the  Union  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion.  To  her  Mr.  Harris  attributes  much  of  the  suc- 
cess and  happiness  of  his  life.  P’our  sons  and  a daughter 
were  born  to  them. 


';UDSON,  HON.  JOHN  IL,  Grain  Dealer  and 
Senator  from  the  Thirtieth  District  of  C)hio,  was 
born,  July  5th,  1824,  in  Auburn,  New  York,  and 
is  the  son  of  Emmanuel  D.  and  Margaret  (Boyd) 
Hudson,  his  father  being  a produce  dealer  and  a 
contractor  on  the  jiublic  works  of  the  State.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  city, 
completing  his  studies  in  the  higher  academy.  When 
twenty  years  of  age  he  began  the  study  of  law  ; but  becom- 
ing dissatisfied,  withdrew  after  a short  time,  to  accept  the 
position  of  Conductor  on  the  Auburn  & Syracuse  Railroad, 
where  he  was  so  occupied  for  about  three  years.  Subse- 
quently, in  1852,  he  became  the  Assistant  Superintendent 
of  the  Buffalo  & Erie  Railroad,  and  finally  General  Super- 
intendent of  the  same,  continuing  therein  until  1856.  In 
the  autumn  of  the  last-named  year  he  accepted  the  position 
of  Superintendent  of  the  Mad  River  & Lake  Erie  Railroad 
— now  known  as  the  Cincinnati  & Sandusky  Railroad — 
which  he  retained  until  the  spring  of  1861.  In  the  same 
year  he  contracted  with  the  United  States  government  to 
ship  Indian  goods  to  all  the  Western  reservations,  and  was 
engaged  in  that  service  for  two  years  thereafter.  In  1863 
he  was  appointed  a special  agent  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  Department,  and  held  the  same  for  one  year.  He 
was  next  commissioned,  in  1864,  Collector  of  the  Customs 
for  the  port  of  Norfolk,  Yirginia,  which  had  been  reopened 
for  business,  and  remained  in  that  office  until  July,  1865, 
when  he  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  at 
Richmond,  in  the  same  State.  He  held  that  position  until 
January,  1870,  when  he  removed  to  his  old  home  at  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  trade,  in  which  he 
is  still  largely  interested.  He  was  elected,  on  the  Itemo- 
cratic  ticket,  in  1873,  to  the  State  Senate,  and  during  his 
service  in  that  body  has  been  a member  of  many  important 
committees,  including  those  of  Manufactures  and  Com- 
merce, Railroads  and  Turnpikes,  F'inance,  Benevolent 
Institutions,  State  Buildings,  and  is  the  Chairman  of  the 


502 


BIOGRAPHICAL  encvcloill;dia. 


Committee  on  Corporations  otlier  than  municipal.  Al- 
though tilling  so  large  a number  of  positions,  he  has  never 
been  a seeker  of  office;  his  well-known  ability  of  ad- 
ministration and  supervision  being  reeognized,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  several  public  stations  without  solicitation  on 
his  part.  He  was  married,  October,  1852,  to  Elizabeth  A., 
daughter  of  the  Reverend  Samuel  G.  Orton,  D.  D.,  of 
Chautauqua,  New  York,  and  is  the  parent  of  but  one  child, 
Henry  I'.  Hudson.  Mr.  Hudson  was  re-elected  to  the 
State  Senate  of  Ohio  in  1S75,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  for 
two  years,  although  his  party  was  in  a minority.  lit  was 
again  appointed  on  the  Finance  Committee,  and  also  on 
those  of  Currency,  Library,  Manufactures  and  Commerce, 
Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Orphan  Home,  Schools  for  Imbecile 
Youth,  and  Temperance. 


'ATHAWAY,  WILLIA.M  E.,  Author  and  Lecturer, 
was  born,  August  23d,  1844,  Milan,  Erie 
county,  Ohio,  his  parents  being  Caleb  and  Rachel 
(Wood)  Hathaway.  His  father  was  a native  of 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  the  son  of  a sea- 
captain,  and  received  his  education  in  Philadel- 
phia, residing  there  for  several  years  before  removing  to 
Ohio,  where  he  settled  on  the  Western  Reserve ; his  mother 
was  a native  of  the  State  of  New  York.  Caleb  Hathaway 
was  of  English  descent,  and  was  a man  of  very  considerable 
culture  and  of  great  refinement,  added  to  sound  judgment. 
He  was  deeply  interested  in  everything  pertaining  to  the 
cause  of  education  and  the  social  advancement  of  the  com- 
munity. From  him  his  son  inherited  his  studious  habits 
and  literary  tastes.  William  was  the  youngest  of  nine 
children.  When  he  was  seven  years  of  age  his  father  died, 
leaving  to  his  family  a comfortable  estate.  Three  years 
thereafter  Mrs.  Hathaway  married  again,  her  second  hus- 
band being,  although  a gentleman  of  respectability  and 
ample  means,  widely  different  in  character  and  habits  from 
her  first  husband.  William  went  to  his  step-father’s  home 
to  reside,  and  remained  there  for  three  years.  His  change 
of  home  and  surroundings  appears  to  have  been  disadvan- 
tageous to  him,  and  at  the  end  of  three  years,  being  then 
thirteen  years  old,  he  left  his  step-father’s  home,  and  returned 
to  Milan,  where  he  lived  with  an  elder  brother.  He 
worked  with  his  brother  on  his  farm,  assisting  in  the  work 
of  clearing  new  and  heavily  timbered  land,  giving  mean- 
while as  much  of  his  time  as  possible  to  reading,  of  which 
he  was  always  passionatelyTond.  Heretofore  his  winters 
had  been  devoted  to  attendance  upon  district  school,  but 
now  he  was  enabled  to  avail  himself  of  the  advantages  of  an 
excellent  normal  school  at  Milan.  The  course  of  study 
here,  together  with  one  year  at  a high  school,  conducted  by 
the  Society  of  Friends,  at  Adrian,  Michigan,  comprised  his 
opportunities  in  the  way  of  school  education.  It  had  been 
his  purpose  to  pursue  a collegiate  course,  but  this  was  ren- 
dered impossible  by  the  death  of  his  brother.  In  the  spring 


of  1863  he  went  to  Chicago,  and  entered  the  grocery  store 
of  another  brother  there.  He  had  little  taste  for  this  busi- 
ness, however,  and  before  very  long  became  employed  in  the 
insurance  business.  In  1866  he  found  an  occujration  con- 
genial to  his  tastes,  and  in  some  measure  suited  to  his  liter- 
ary talents,  in  the  publication  of  the  Herald  of  Peace.  This 
was  a semi-monthly  paper,  designed  to  be  in  some  sense  the 
organ  of  the  Society  of  F'riends,  of  which  body  he  is  still  a 
member.  The  publication  was  continued  for  two  years, 
but,  although  the  paper  was  well  received  and  was  acknowl- 
edged by  all  as  a, valuable  publication,  it  was  pecuniarily 
unprofitable,  and  hence  it  was  discontinued.  In  the  mean- 
time he  continued  to  prosecute  his  studies,  particularly  his 
literary  studies,  with  much  zeal,  and  employed  private  tutors 
to  instruct  him  in  the  languages,  both  ancient  and  modern, 
a practice  which  he  has  continued  for  several  years.  After 
three  years  of  such  unceasing  labor  and  study,  his  over- 
taxed strength  gave  way,  and  for  another  period  of  three 
j years  he  was  obliged  to  rest  from  all  serious  exertion.  He 
I read  much  in  the  interval,  however,  and  did  a very  consid- 
erable amount  of  writing,  mostly  relating  to  social  science, 
prison  reform,  etc.  He  had  prepared  a great  deal  of  manu- 
script with  a view  to  the  publication  of  a volume,  when  the 
I great  Chicago  fire  occurred,  and  all  his  manuscript  and  notes 
were  swept  away.  After  the  fire  he  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  entered  upon  literature  as  a profession,  connecting 
himself  in  the  meantime  with  the  Children’s  Flome  of  that 
city,  and  conducting  for  the  institution  a small  monthly  pub- 
lication. His  literary  work  has  been  voluminous  and  com- 
prehensive, embracing  fiction  and  poetry  as  well  as  a large 
variety  of  special  articles  contributed  to  the  daily  press,  and 
no  small  amount  of  service  as  a reporter  and  correspondent. 
As  a lecturer  he  is  perhaps  better  known  than  as  a writer, 
and  his  frequent  addresses,  particularly  on  temperance  and 
in  behalf  of  charitable  enterpj  ises,  have  been  able  and  effec- 
tive. He  regards  himself  as  still  merely  a student,  and 
studies  as  earnestly  as  ever  to  prepare  himself  for  the  work 
his  ambition  aims  at.  He  has  been  twice  married.  In 
1866  he  married  Hannah  Roberts,  of  Lafayette,  Indiana. 
She  died  about  three  years  later,  and  in  F'ebruary,  1874,  he 
married  Martha  T.  Ashley,  of  Milan,  Ohio. 


HEELER,  LYMAN,  was  born  in  Winhall,  Ver- 
mont, August  I ith,  1804.  He  was  the  son  of 
Beriah  Wheeler,  a native  of  lingland,  who  came 
to  this  country  in  early  life  and  settled  at  Win- 
hall.  Lyman  was  one  of  eleven  children,  six 
boys  and  five  girls.  His  boyhood  was  passed  at 
home,  working  on  his  father’s  farm  in  summer  and  attend- 
ing the  district  school  during  the  winter  montlis.  In  this 
district  school  he  laid  the  foundation  of  an  education  upon 
which  he  continued  to  build  during  the  succeeding  years  of 
his  life.  He  taught  school  for  one  winter,  while  yet  a boy. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 


503 


and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered  college  at  Litchfield,  Con- 
necticut. He  maintained  himself  and  defrayed  the  expenses 
of  his  collegiate  course  by  teaching  school  during  his  vaca- 
tions. At  the  age  of  twenty  he  had  completed  his  collegiate 
course.  With  a good  education,  energy,  determination, 
and  the  strong  impulse  of  necessity  as  his  capital,  he  set  out 
to  battle  with  the  world.  lie  went  to  Buffalo,  New  York, 
where  he  was  variously  employed  until  1832,  when  he  de- 
termined to  go  into  business  on  his  own  account.  He 
opened  a book  and  stationery  store  in  Buffalo,  and  in  this 
continued  until  1835,  when,  having  been  impressed  with  the 
advantages  which  the  West  offered  to  industrious  young 
men,  he  closed  up  a business  which  is  supposed  to  have 
been  remunerative,  and  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio.  While 
in  Buffalo  Mr.  Wheeler  had  earned  an  enviable  reputation 
as  a man  of  systematic  business  habits  and  an  upright  citi- 
zen. He  invested  in  Buffalo  real  estate  to  good  advantage. 
When  he  settled  in  Toledo  (then  Port  Lawrence)  the  town 
was  small  and  of  comparatively  new  birth.  He  felt,  how- 
ever, that  advantageous  loc.ation,  with  the  development  of 
the  tributary  country,  gave  promise  of  a prosperous  future, 
and  he  made  haste  to  identify  himself  with  its  interests. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  he  bought  real  estate,  including  the 
lot  at  the  corner  of  Monroe  and  St.  Clair  streets,  where  the 
Wheeler  Opera  House  now  stands.  He  also  associated 
himself  with  a Mr.  Law,  and  opened  a small  rectifying  es- 
tablishment on  the  corner  of  Perry  and  Swan  streets.  At  the 
end  of  one  year  the  firm  of  Wheeler  & Law  was  dissolved, 
Mr.  Wheeler  conducting  the  business  alone  for  the  next  two 
years.  In  1835  he  purchased  a lot  on  Monroe  street,  on 
which  he  built  a store  and  two  small  dwellings,  where,  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Charles  A.  Crane,  he  carried  on  in  the 
store  a grocery  and  rectifying  trade.  In  1840  he  again 
thought  it  well  to  do  business  exclusively  on  his  own  ac- 
count, and  accordingly  bought  Mr.  Crane’s  interest.  In 
1843  he  formed  a copartnership  with  Mr.  Mathias  Boos,  of 
Toledo,  which  continued  for  about  twenty-two  years.  The 
new  firm  opened  a ship  chandlery  store  on  the  dock  near 
Jefferson  street.  This  they  sold  out  at  the  end  of  five  years 
and  turned  their  attention  to  rectifying.  They  did  a large 
business  and  prospered.  In  a few  years  they  built  the 
Brick  Block,  on  Monroe  street,  Toledo,  which  they  occu- 
pied till  1865.  Years  of  hard  work  were  beginning  to  tell 
upon  a frame  on  which  disease  had  already  fastened  itself. 
Mr.  Wheeler  therefore  thought  it  wise  to  dissolve  the  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Boos,  and  associate  with  himself  his  son, 
under  the  firm-name  of  L.  Wheeler  & Son.  At  the  end  of 
a year  the  business  was  sold  to  Mr.  Boos,  and  Mr.  Wheeler 
sought  rest  and  relief  after  an  active  and  busy  life.  The  dis- 
ease which  had  slowly  hut  surely  been  wearing  his  life  away 
developed  into  cancer  of  the  liver.  Though  at  times  suf- 
fering intensely,  he  bore  his  ills  with  patience  and  fortitude, 
until  death  came  to  bring  a final  release.  He  passed  away 
September  27th,  1867.  His  remains  rest  in  Forest  Ceme- 
tery, Toledo.  He  was  married  at  Chicago,  August  25th, 


1836,  to  Maria  L.  Aikin,  who  was  one  of  his  pupils  while 
he  taught  school  in  Oswego,  New  York.  Ot  this  union 
were  born  nine  children,  three  of  whom,  together  with  their 
mother,  still  live.  Helen,  the  elder  daughter,  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  Louis  Wachenheimer,  of  Toledo.  Sarah  Mande- 
ville,  the  younger  daughter,  resides  with  her  mother  in  the 
family  mansion,  built  by  Mr.  Wheeler  in  i860.  The  son, 
Robert  Jeffrey,  born  in  Toledo,  .September  25th,  1843,  has 
for  several  years  been  a member  of  the  firm  of  Thomas  & 
Wheeler,  lumber  dealers.  Although  actively  engaged  in 
business  all  his  life,  Mr.  Wheeler  found  time  to  cultivate  an 
innate  literary  taste,  and  those  social  graces  which  made 
him  a courted  companion.  He  was  fond  of  the  English 
poets,  and  gave  much  of  his  leisure  time  to  Shakespeare. 
To  commemorate  his  love  for  the  dramatic  bard  of  Avon^ 
his  heirs  erected  in  1870  the  Wheeler  Opera  House,  at  a 
cost  of  1125,000.  It  is  a handsome  structure  and  elegantly 
fitted,  and  stands  on  the  site  of  his  old  store.  As  a member 
for  several  successive  years  of  the  Toledo  City  Council,  his 
fellow-citizens  bear  testimony  to  his  faithful  service.  As  a 
Director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Toledo,  from  the 
time  of  its  organization  to  the  day  of  his  death,  he  proved 
himself  a carel'ul  and  safe  adviser.  In  social  and  in  business 
circles  Mr.  Wheeler’s  upright  character,  kindly  disposition, 
and  suavity  of  manner,  were  conspicuous  and  attractive 
traits.  His  friend  and  partner  for  twenty-two  years  told  the 
story  of  his  life  in  brief  when  he  said,  “ No  courts  would  be 
needed  if  all  men  were  like  Lyman  Wheeler.”  It  is 
worthy  of  note,  as  bearing  additional  testimony  to  the  high 
confidence  and  esteem  which  Mr.  Wheeler  enjoyed,  that, 
from  the  financial  crash  of  1837-38  until  1840,  the  checks 
of  Wheeler  & Crane  were  more  readily  accepted  than  the 
notes  of  any  bank  in  Toledo.  Mr.  Wheeler’s  memory  is 
held  in  tender  regard  by  the  large  Circle  of  friends  which  he 
drew  to  him  in  life. 


DAE,  CARL  F.,  Banker,  of  Cincinnati,  was  born 
in  Geislingen,  Wurtemberg,  March  I2lh,  1815. 
He  received  a fair  education  at  Goppingen,  and 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  was  apprenticed  to  a mer- 
chant at  Stuttgardt  in  a dry-goods  business.  After 
completing  his  apprenticeship  according  to  the 
strict  usages  of  Germany,  he  determined  to  try  his  fortunes 
in  America.  Accordingly  in  1836,  at  the  age  df  twenty- 
one,  he  started  for  this  country,  and  during  the  same  year 
landed  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his 
death.  After  arriving  in  Cincinnati,  he  em])loyed  himself 
at  first  in  teaching  the  German  language.  But  his  inclina- 
tions lay  wholly  in  a mercantile  direction,  and  hence  on  the 
first  opportunity  he  entered  a store  as  a clerk.  For  a few 
years  he  engaged  in  various  businesses;  among  others  was 
bookkeeper  in  the  store  of  Joshua  Yorke,  and  in  the  Com- 
mercial Bank.  Finally,  in  1846,  he  started  a general  com- 
mission and  grocery  business  in  connection  with  A.  Labrot. 


504 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


This  connection  continued  many  years,  and  was  marked  by 
the  greatest  prosperity.  In  1848  he  was  appointed  Consul 
at  Cincinnati  I'or  W'urtemberg,  and  afterwards  tilled  the  con- 
sulate successively  for  Bavaria,  Baden,  Prussia,  and  finally 
for  the  remaining  German  powers.  These  consulships  he 
filled  without  interruption  from  1848  to  1868,  probably  a 
longer  time  than  such  office  has  ever  been  held  by  another 
in  the  history  of  these  affairs.  In  1857  he  organized  the 
“ German  .Savings  Institution,”  or  bank,  and  remained 
President  and  Manager  of  this  until  his  death,  March  28th, 
1S68.  Under  his  management  the  institution  became  one 
of  the  most  substantial,  beneficial  and  successful  banking 
establishments  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Under  his  suc- 
cessors it  remains  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  flourishing 
houses  of  the  city.  Mr.  Adae  was  married  to  Ellen  Woods, 
of  Cincinnati.  He  left  a large  family,  of  whom  his  oldest 
son,  Charles  A.  Adae,  an  energetic  young  business  man,  is 
partner  in  the  banking  house  established  by  his  father.  Two 
other  sons  are  also  engaged  in  the  same  house.  Mr.  Adae 
was  of  the  more  scholarly  and  better  class  of  business  men, 
extremely  methodical  and  economical,  and  with  the  great 
faculty  of  thrift  characteristic  of  his  nationality,  he  managed 
to  amass  a comfortable  fortune.  He  I'anked  as  one  of  the 
most  thorough,  active  and  successful  business  men  of 
Cincinnati,  and  besides  leaving  to  his  family  a compe- 
tency, he  left  them  a private  and  business  reputation  of 
which  they  may  well  be  proud. 


’iCKINSOX,  HOX,  RODOLPHUS,  was  born,  De- 
cember 2Sth,  1797,  at  Whately,  Massachusetts. 
Having  graduated  at  Williams  College  he  located 
in  Columbus,  Ohio,  teaching  school  for  a time, 
and  afterwards  reading  law  with  Gustavus  Swan. 
After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  opened  a law 
office  at  Tiffin.  In  1824  he  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  at  the  first  term  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
held  in  Seneca  county.  In  May  of  1826  he  took  up  his 
residence  at  P'remont,  then  Lower  Sandusky,  and  in  the 
following  year  married  Margaret  Beaugrand,  daughter  of 
John  B.  Beaugrand,  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Lower 
Sandusky.  Mr.  Dickinson  was  a member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  of  Ohio  from  1836  to  1845. 
leading  spirit  in  the  several  schemes  of  internal  improve- 
ment, especially  in  the  matter  of  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
Canal,  the  Western  Reserve  and  Maumee  Road.  During 
the  era  of  financial  depression  in  1837-38,  his  prudent 
counsels  contributed  largely  to  save  the  progress  on  the 
public  work  from  indefinite  suspension.  In  1846  Mr. 
Dickinson  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1848.  During  his  second  term  he  died,  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  March  20th,  1849,  leaving  a widow 
and  seven  children. 


C'  ':’/r^ERRICK,  HON.  WALTER  F.,  Attorney-at-Law, 
was  born  in  Leroy,  Genesee  county.  New  York, 
October  22d,  1822.  His  father  was  a native  of 
Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts  (where  the 
family  of  the  previous  generation  resided),  but 
removed  to  Wellington,  Ohio,  in  1827.  His  an- 
cestors were  active  participants  in  the  revolutionaiy  war  of 
1776.  The  family  trace  their  lineage  back  to  a famous 
Danish  prince  of  the  ninth  century.  The  coat  of  arms,  sur- 
mounted by  a bull’s  head  regardant,  and  bearing  the  words 
“ Virtus  Nobilitat  Omnia,”  is  still  in  the  family.  Mr.  Her- 
rick was  educated  at  the  schools  of  the  village,  and  at  the 
academy  at  Ashland,  Ohio.  He  was  engaged  in  clerking 
from  1845  to  1848,  when  he  engaged  in  business  for  him- 
self with  fair  success,  and  rapidly  won  attention  by  his 
energy,  integrity  and  general  ability.  In  1854  and  1855  he 
served  as  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  still  continu- 
ing his  business  until  the  fall  of  1859,  when  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature  for  the  years  i860  and  1861. 
When  the  war  of  the  rebellion  broke  out  he,  with  other 
members  of  the  Legislature,  among  whom  were  Generals 
Garfield  and  Cox,  commenced  drilling  preparatory  to  en- 
tering the  army  to  maintain  the  Union.  August  9th, 
1861,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Dennison  Quarter- 
master of  the  43d  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry. 
In  January,  1S62,  was  commissioned  Major  of  the  same 
regiment,  and  soon  after  was  ordered  into  active  service  in 
the  field  in  Missouri  and  other  States.  For  nearly  three 
years  more  he  was  with  the  regiment  in  camp,  on  the 
march,  or  leading  its  columns  on  the  battle-field.  He  as- 
sisted at  the  capture  of  New  Madrid  and  Island  No.  10, 
then  went  with  the  army  as  it  advanced  upon  Corinth, 
Mississippi,  remained  there  fighting  almost  daily,  until  the 
evacuation  of  the  place  by  Beauregard  early  in  the  summer 
of  1862.  He  was  with  his  command  at  the  battles  of  luka 
and  Corinth,  October  4th,  1862,  at  which  time  nearly  one- 
half  the  officers  of  the  regiment,  including  the  gallant  J.  L. 
Kirby  Smith,  were  killed.  He  was  promoted  to  a Lieu- 
tenant-Colonelcy October  I2th,  1862,  and  remained  in  active 
service  in  Mississippi  and  Alabama  during  the  remainder  of 
1862-63,  General  Fuller’s  division  at  the  cap- 

turing of  Decatur,  Alabama,  in  March,  1864.  He  was  with 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  under  General  McPherson,  .at 
Snake  Creek  Gap,  Resacn,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain ; 
with  General  Dodge  when  the  advance  was  made  upon 
Atlanta,  and  in  the  engagements  thereon  the  i8th,  22d  and 
28th  of  July.  His  health  becoming  so  impaired  by  three 
and  a half  years  of  active  service,  he  was  under  the  neces- 
sity of  leaving  the  army,  which  he  did  about  the  year  1864. 
He  was  brevetted  Colonel  and  Brigadier-General,  March 
13th,  1865,  for  “gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the 
war.”  From  1869  to  1873  he  was  acting  as  Confidential 
Agent  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Department.  Since  then  he 
has  been  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  first 
connected  with  the  Free-Soil  party,  then  with  the  Repub- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LHIA. 


505 


lican,  rendering  liis  best  service  to  each.  As  a legislator  he 
was  possessed  of  a varied  fund  of  valuable  and  apposite 
knowledge,  which  made  him  trenchant  and  able  in  debate, 
ever  sustaining  temperance,  free-soil.  Republicanism  and 
the  Union  cause. 


AL'XDEKSON,  THOM  AS  W.,  Lawyer,  was  horn, 
October  17th, -1829,  in  Indiana,  Indiana  county, 
Pennsylvania.  M'hen  he  was  seven  years  of  age 
his  father,  Matthew  D.  Saunderson,  removed 
with  his  family  to  Youngstown,  Ohio.  Here 
Thomas  received  the  basis  of  his  education.  For 
three  years  after  leaving  school  lie  devoted  himself  to  civil 
engineering.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  resolved  to  follow 
the  advice  of  friends  and  the  bent  of  his  inclination  by 
adopting  the  law  as  his  profession.  The  result  verified  the 
wisdom  of  this  step.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  his 
talent  and  industry  won  a speedy  recognition.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  politics,  and  in  1856  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Mahoning  County.  In  September  of  1861  he 
was  commissioned  a Lieutenant  in  the  2d  Ohio  Cavalry, 
remaining  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
served  under  Generals  Elount,  Rosecrans,  Thomas  and 
Sherman,  being  in  the  engagements  at  Franklin,  Chicka- 
mauga,  Chattanooga,  the  battles  about  Atlanta,  Waynes- 
borough,  Resaca,  Averyshorough,  Bentonville,  and  the  last 
scenes  in  the  realistic  panorama  of  the  rebellion.  Passing 
through  the  intermediate  grades  of  rank,  he  was  honorably 
discharged,  August  8th,  1865,  as  a Brigadier-General.  He 
returned  to  Youngstown  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  in  which  he  has  been  eminently  successful. 
General  Saunderson  was  a delegate  at  large  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  at  Philadelphia,  in  1872,  and  is 
prominently  known  in  the  politics  of  the  State.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Shoemaker,  of  Pennsylvania,  December 
19th,  1854. 


the  war,  and  joined  the  15th  Regiment  Kentucky  Yolunteer 
Infantry,  and  during  the  four  years  following  held  the  suc- 
cessive ranks  of  Captain,  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
besides  serving  as  Engineer  and  in  other  responsible  official 
positions.  After  lie  was  mustered  out,  in  1865,  he  went  to 
Europe,  and  on  his  way  back  to  the  United  States,  July 
4th,  1867,  he  was  arrested  on  board  the  steamship  “ City 
of  Paris,”  in  the  Bay  of  (Queenstown,  and  taken  to  Dublin. 
He  was  there  kept  in  close  confinement  for  five  months, 
without  trial  or  investigation,  and  then  arraigned  for  a 
crime  known  only  to  British  law,  and  called  “ treason 
felony.”  Having  been  convicted,  on  false  testimony,  he 
[ was  sentenced  to  fifteen  years’  penal  servitude.  He  spent 
I four  years  in  solitary  confinement  at  London  and  Chatham, 
and  was  then  released,  when  he  immediately  instituted  pro- 
ceedings against  Great  Britain  through  the  United  States 
j government  for  the  recovery  of  5 1,000,000  damages  for 
j false  imprisonment.  After  his  return  to  the  L'nited  Slates, 
j in  1S71,  he  was  employed  to  superintend  the  building  of  a 
j stone  arch  bridge  by  the  city  of  New  York,  whence,  after  a 
! residence  of  fifteen  months,  he  returned  to  his  old  home  at 
I Cincinnati  and  engaged  again  in  private  professional  duty, 
which  he  continued  until  elected  City  Engineer,  in  April, 

iS7S- 


^ALPIN,  ^YILLL\M  G.,  Civil  Engineer,  was  born 
in  county  Meath,  Ireland,  May  30lh,  1825.  He 
belonged  to  the  agricultural  class,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  private  academies  in  Ireland  and  Eng- 
land. In  1839  he  was  appointed  Assistant  in 
the  Ordnance  Survey  of  Ireland  and  England  Iry 
the  British  government,  and  continued  in  that  employment 
until  1845,  when  he  engaged  in  railroad  engineering, 
which  he  continued  until  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  in  1847.  settled  in  Cincinnati  in  November  of 
the  latter  year,  and  pursued  the  private  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession until  f849,  when  he  was  appointed  City  Surveyor. 
After  the  creation  of  the  office  of  City  Civil  Engineer  he 
was  for  many  years  Assistant  to  that  officer.  In  r86l  he 
raised  a company  of  volunteers,  for  three  years,  or  during 
64 


i[EID,  SAMUEL  VENABLE,  Merchant  of  Cin- 
|f\f  cinnati,  was  born  at  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  July 
19th,  1833.  His  father.  Rev.  William  S.  Reid, 
D.  D.,  a native  of  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  a graduate  of  Princeton  College,  was  called 
to  the  Presidency  of  Hampden  Sidney  College, 
in  Prince  Edward  county,  Virginia,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  years.  Having  there  married  the  daughter  of  Colonel 
Samuel  Venable,  then  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  influ- 
ential citizens  of  the  Stale,  he  removed  to  Lynchburg  in 
1808,  where  he  resided  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
and  established  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  that  city, 
in  which  arose  the  first  difficulty  which  finally  led  to  the 
rupture  of  the  church  into  the  two  branches  of  Old  and 
j New  School.  Samuel  Venable  Reid  attended  the  grammar 
school  of  Lexington,  Virginia,  and  passed  thence  to  the 
I Washington  College,  now  known  as  the  Washington  and 
‘ Lee  College,  but  afterward  matriculated  at  the  University 
' of  Virginia,  whence  he  graduated  in  1855.  He  spent  two 
years  at  his  home  in  Lynchburg,  and  then  in  the  fall  of 
1857  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  associated  in  part- 
nership with  William  B.  Williams,  under  the  firm-name  of 
I Williams  & Reid,  and  engaged  in  the  provision  business. 

I The  outbreak  of  the  war,  in  1861,  found  this  firm  engaged 
in  pork-packing,  but  he  immediately  raised  a company  of 
volunteers  in  Kentucky,  which  he  armed  and  ef|uip)ied  at 
his  own  expense,  and  with  them  returned  to  his  native 
State,  where  he  joined  her  army,  afterward  known  as  the 


5o6 


BlOGRAFIilCAI.  ENC  VCLOP.EDIA. 


Confederate  army.  His  company  being  assigned  to  the  1st 
Arkansas  Regiment  of  Infantry,  he  held  the  rank  of  Captain 
for  about  two  years.  He  was  then  promoted  to  Major  and 
transferred  to  the  staff  of  Major-General  Ransom,  then 
Chief  of  Cavalry  in  Tennessee,  and  afterward  in  command 
of  troops  around  Richmond.  In  June,  1S64,  he  was  trans- 
ferred, by  order  of  the  M'ar  Department,  to  Wilmington, 
North  Carolina,  where  he  became  Chief  of  Provision  Sup- 
plies, both  foreign  and  domestic,  and  was  also  assigned  to 
special  duty  on  the  staff  of  Major-Gener.al  Whiting.  When 
General  Bragg  became  Chief  of  the  Department  of  the 
Carolinas,  in  Februaiy,  1865,  with  head-quarters  at  Wil- 
mington, Major  Reid  was  assigned  to  his  staff,  and  re- 
mained thereon  until  the  surrender  of  General  Joseph  E. 
Johnston  to  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  at  Greensborough, 
North  Carolina.  Being  released  on  parole,  he  returned  to 
Lynchburg,  and  in  the  fall  of  1865  engaged  in  planting 
cotton  on  a plantation  in  Arkansas,  below  Helena.  The 
speculation  proved  unsuccessful,  and  in  the  fall  of  1866  he 
returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  resumed  his  business  as  a 
pork-packer.  He  relinquished  the  packing  in  1868,  and 
since  that  date  has  given  his  whole  attention  to  dealing  in 
provisions.  In  1872  he  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  was  re-elected  in  1873.  At 
the  close  of  the  latter  term  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  represent  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  at 
the  Industrial  Exposition,  and  still  fills  that  position.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  most  energetic  and  active  among  the 
originators  of  the  Haddock  Nail  Machine  and  Nail  Manu- 
facturing Company  of  Cincinnati,  and  of  which  he  is  now 
Vice-President. 


^CKERT,  MICHAEL,  was  born  at  Scheidt,  Rhein- 
fals,  Bavaria,  November  15th,  1815.  He  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Christian  and  Margaret  Eckert. 
His  father  was  a miller,  farmer  and  lumber- 
dealer,  who  was  able  to  provide  liberally  for  the 
education  of  his  children  ; although  he  died 
when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  but  four  years  of  age, 
the  boy’s  education  was  fully  arranged  for,  and  not  until  he 
was  thirteen  did  he  leave  school  to  begin  the  earnest  work 
of  life  for  himself.  For  a few  years  after  finishing  his 
schooling  he  worked  on  the  farm  and  in  the  mill.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen,  having  decided  upon  a business  for  him- 
self, he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  tannery  trade.  In 
two  and  a half  years  he  found  himself  so  skilful  in  his  trade 
as  to  fit  him  to  take  a position  in  any  tannery  as  a journey- 
man. Accordingly  for  a while  he  worked  in  that  capacity, 
until  the  stories  he  heard  of  life  and  fortune  in  America 
determined  him  to  emigrate  to  this  land  of  golden  dreams. 
After  passing  through  the  usual  troubles  of  young  able- 
bodied  men  subject  to  military  servitude,  when  attempting 
to  migrate  from  the  “ Fatherland,”  at  last,  in  August,  1835, 


he  set  sail  from  Havre,  and  in  the  following  September 
landed  in  New  York  city.  He  repaired  at  once  to  Phila- 
delphia upon  the  recommendation  of  his  brother,  who  had 
preceded  him.  Here  he  worked  at  his  trade  for  a year  and 
a half,  when  he  was  induced  to  try  his  fortune  in  the  Queen 
City  of  the  West.  Accordingly,  in  1837,  he  arrived  in 
Cincinnati.  One  year  and  a half  after  arriving  in  that  city 
he  spent  in  the"  tannery  of  Abraham  Fullwhiier,  on  Deer 
creek.  Vet  being  unsettled,  about  this  time  he  made  a trip 
to  Missouri,  with  the  design  of  locating  a tannery  for  him- 
self. Not  finding  things  to  suit  him  out  West,  he  returned 
to  Cincinnati  in  1839  and  resumed  work  with  the  old  firm. 
Here  he  continued  until  1841.  In  this  year  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Girard  Dickman,  opened  a small  leather 
store  on  Main  street  and  established  a tannery  on  Central 
avenue,  where  his  establishment,  the  Western  Tannery, 
now  is.  Mr.  Eckert  himself  took  charge  of  the  tannery 
and  Mr.  Dickman  of  the  store.  This  partnership  lasted 
seventeen  years.  In  1858,  by  mutual  consent,  a division 
of  the  property  w'as  made,  the  tannery,  of  course,  falling  to 
Mr.  Eckert.  These  had  been  seventeen  years  of  uninter- 
rupted prosperity,  but  the  more  adventurous  and  progres- 
sive tendencies  of  Mr.  Eckert  made  this  separation  a 
necessity.  Only  tw'o  years  after  the  dissolution  of  the 
partnership  he  found  it  necessary  to  open  a store  for  his 
trade  on  Main  street  above  Fourth  ; this  was  soon  after  re- 
moved to  his  present  place,  on  Main  between  Fifth  and 
Sixth  streets.  He  is  now  numbered  among  the  w'ealthy 
men  of  Cincinnati,  with  a large  and  profitable  business  in 
its  most  prosperous  period.  No  man  in  the  community 
stands  higher  than  Mr.  Eckert.  His  whole  business  career 
has  been  an  honorable  and  an  enviable  one,  and  he  ranks 
deservedly  high  among  the  successful  men  of  the  country. 
In  1843  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Reice,  of  Cincinnati. 
Mrs.  Eckert  is  a native  of  this  counti-y,  and  w'as  born  in 
1824.  Her  father,  John  Reice,  came  to  America  in  1817, 
and  the  same  year  located  in  Cincinnati.  He  w'as  one  of 
the  first  pork  dealers  of  Cincinnati.  Mrs.  Eckert  is  a 
woman  of  uncommon  strength  of  mind  and  character,  and 
has  been  most  emphatically  a “help-meet”  to  her  husband. 


’OHNSON,  JOHN  T.,  Merchant,  was  born  in  1815, 
in  Lynchburg,  Virginia.  The  death  of  his  par- 
ents, which  occurred  when  he  was  between  seven 
and  eight  years  of  age,  left  him,  like  his  brothers 
and  sisters,  to  be  cared  for  by  relatives.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  had  the  good  fortune  to  be 
well  raised  and  afforded  the  usual  educational  facilities  of 
the  time.  Of  an  active  and  energetic  disposition,  young 
Johnson  soon  became  restive  under  dependence,  and  re- 
solved to  strike  out  for  himself.  He  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  plug  tobacco,  an  important  industry  in  his  native 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


507 


•Slate.  He  plodded  on  for  several  years,  but  discovered 
that  Ids  industry  and  perseverance,  unaided  by  capital, 
could  not  compete  successfully  with  the  established  firms. 
Mr.  Johnson  was  compelled  to  retire  from  business  in  a 
straitened  financial  condition.  His  venture,  however,  had 
not  been  without  good  results.  It  gave  him  an  opportunity 
to  show  himself  a young  man  of  industrious  habits  and 
high  moral  character.  After  be  had  wound  up  his  aftairs 
in  Virginia,  Mr.  Johnson  determined  to  go  West  and 
settle.  As  the  result  of  careful  prospecting  he  fixed  upon 
Cincinnati,  where  he  located  permanently  in  1847.  With- 
out loss  of  time  he  began  the  manufacture  of  plug  tobacco. 
He  subsequently  formed  a partnership  with  Mr.  Joseph  E. 
Roberts,  under  the  now  well-remembered  firm-name  of 
Roberts  & Johnson,  whose  plug  tobaccos  attained  a wide 
celebrity.  The  firm  prospered,  and  Mr.  Johnson  was  en- 
•abled  to  pay  off  the  indebtedness  he  had  contracted  in 
Virginia,  dollar  for  dollar  and  with  interest.  Mr.  Johnson 
aided  materially  in  bringing  about  the  establi>bment  in 
Cincinnati  of  a warehouse  for  the  sale  of  leaf  tobacco  at 
auction,  and  immediately  his  firm  added  a leaf  department 
to  the  manufacturing  business,  Mr.  Johnson  being  the  prin- 
cipal buyer  and  seller  for  bis  firm.  His  face  and  voice 
were  well  known  in  the  salesroom,  where  he  was  sure  to  be 
when  there  was  business  to  be  done.  He  did  many  a poor 
seller  a good  turn  by  bidding  his  tobacco  up  to  fair  figures. 
No  tobacco  was  too  good  nor  any  too  ordinary  for  Mr. 
Johnson  to  buy.  His  firm  had  custom  for  alt  sorts,  and  he 
bought  freely,  thus  helping  to  make  Cincinnati  an  im- 
portant tobacco  market.  The  leaf  business  of  the  firm 
reached  such  proportions  under  Mr.  Johnson’s  skilful 
direction  that  it  was  thought  expedient  to  confine  the 
operations  of  the  house  to  that  specialty.  During  the  war, 
and  for  a year  or  two  after  its  close,  Messrs.  Roberts  & 
Johnson  did  an  immense  trade,  realizing  large  profits,  a 
satisfactory  state  of  affairs  which  continued  until  the  firm 
was  dissolved.  The  division  of  the  assets  gave  to  each 
partner  a handsome  competency.  Mr.  Johnson  continued 
the  business  in  his  own  name,  until  within  a year  or  two 
since,  with  all  his  old  time  energy.  His  health  began  to 
give  w.ay  under  the  strain  ; he  was  not  disposed  to  go  “ on 
the  road  ” to  solicit  custom,  as  his  younger  competitors 
were  doing,  and  he  resolved  to  withdraw  from  active 
business  as  soon  as  he  could  bring  it  to  a satisfactory  close. 
He  has  since  been  gradually  disposing  of  bis  large  stock 
with  a view  to  an  early  retirement.  Mr.  Johnson  resides  in 
the  Sixteenth  ward  of  Cincinnati,  in  a handsome  residence, 
surrounded  by  the  comforts  which  he  has  earned  by  years 
of  unremitting  toil.  For  one  term  he  represented  his  ward 
in  Council,  but  the  course  of  municipal  legislation  was  not 
to  his  liking,  and  he  declined  to  take  any  further  part  in 
politics.  He  is  an  earnest  and  exemplary  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church  and  a faithful  laborer  in  the  Sunday- 
school  cause,  to  both  of  which  he  has  contributed  liberally 
of  his  time  and  means.  He  is  strictly  temperate  in  all 


things,  and  a man  who  has  the  respect  of  the  community. 
As  husband  and  fixther  he  is  the  well-beloved  head  of  a 
happy  family  circle. 


■ cKINNEY,  SAML'EL  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
August  31st,  1818,  on  a farm  two  miles  north 
of  Piqua,  Miami  county,  Ohio,  of  American  par- 
entage. His  father  was  a Pennsylvanian  by 
birth,  and  removed  to  Ohio  towards  the  close  of 
the  last  century,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlei-s  of  the  State,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  his  chil- 
dren were  afterwards  born.  Samuel  lived  gn  the  farm  until 
he  was  twenty-two  years  old.  He  received  a good  common 
school  education,  and  then  commenced  the  study  of  law 
with  Gordon  N.  Mott,  of  Piqua,  afterwards  Territorial 
Judge  of  Nevada.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Piqua, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  In  1850  he  took  his 
brother,  Hon.  J.  !•'.  McKinney  (whose  biographical  sketch 
appears  in  this  volume),  into  partnership  with  him,  w hich 
firm  still  continues,  their  practice  being  large  and  very 
lucrative.  He  has  alw.ays  beeil  a Democrat,  but  has  uni- 
formly declined  office.  He  was  Mayor  of  Piqua  in  the 
early  part  of  his  career,  excepting  which  he  h.as  held  no 
offices.  He  married,  1848,  Elizabeth  Manning,  of  Piqua, 
who  died  in  the  following  year.  He  was  again  married,  in 
1854,  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Rev.  Joshua  Boucher,  well 
known  thi-oughout  the  State  for  his  services  in  the  pulpit. 
She  died  in  the  year  succeeding  her  marriage.  He  has 
never  married  again. 


I 


c>c,, 


;,(a  ONE.S,  AQUILA,  Physician,  was  born,  April  12th, 
1807,  at  Bean  Station,  Granger  county,  Tennes- 
see. He  is  the  eighth  of  ten  children,  the  issue 
of  Villiam  Jones  and  Deborah  MeVey.  His 
father  was  a native  of  North  Carolina,  and  by 
trade  a housebuilder.  William  Jones  moved  to 
Ohio,  March  4th,  1810,  locating  near  Wilmington,  Clinton 
county,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  August  yih,  1841. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a Virginian.  She  died  in 
1849.  A<iuila  received  careful  training  at  home,  and  at- 
tended the  best  schools  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age, 
in  the  meantime  teaching  one  year  at  Wilmington,  Clinton 
county.  In  1825  he  was  appointed  by  the  Commissioners 
of  Clinton  county  to  fill  the  office  of  County  Auditor,  which 
he  held  for  two  years.  While  teaching  school  he  had  read 
' Blackstone,”  with  a view  to  adopt  the  law  as  his  profes- 
sion. He  afterwards  ab.andoned  this  design,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1824  began  reading  medicine  under  Dr.  Loami 
Rigdon,  of  Wilmington.  P'or  the  next  four  years  he  was  a 
close  student  under  good  instruction.  In  1829  he  entered 
the  Ohio  Medical  College,  and  attended  lectures  faithfully. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


SoS 

In  1830  he  began  practice  at  Washington  Court  House, 
Fayette  county,  Ohio,  remaining  there  about  one  year.  In 
1831  he  moved  to  Bainbridge,  Ross  county,  where  he  pur- 
sued his  profession  until  the  winter  of  1834-35,  when  he 
•took  up  his  residence  at  Wilmington,  Clinton  county.  Dr. 
Jones  has  since  lived  in  Wilmington,  where  he  has  built  up 
a large  practice.  He  has  been  a frequent  contributor  to 
medical  journals,  his  articles  attracting  considerable  atten- 
tion from  the  profession.  For  many  years  he  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Ohio  Medical  Association.  In  poli- 
tics Dr.  Jones  is  a Democrat.  He  cast  his  first  vote  for 
Henry  Clay.  His  temperate,  upright  life  and  courteous 
a<ldress,  have  merited  the  regard  of  the  community  in  which 
he  lives.  November  2d,  1S30,  he  married  Caroline  A. 
Dawson,  of  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  by  whom  he  is  the 
father  of  si.x  children. 

p^felDDINGS,  JOSHUA  REED,  Lawyer  and  States- 
iii-T''.  was  born,  October  6th,  1795,  Athens, 
^ 'll  f]  Rradford  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  infancy  his 
parents  removed  to  Canandaigua,  New  Vork, 
j’  where  they  remained  until  he  was  ten  years  old, 
when  they  emigrated  to  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio, 
among  the  first  settlers  in  that  part  of  the  Western  Reserve. 
His  only  opportunities  for  study  were  such  as  he  could 
command  in  the  family  circle,  and  in  the  intervals  of  hard 
labor  upon  his  father’s  farm.  In  1812,  when  less  than 
seventeen  years  old,  he  enlisted  as  a soldier  for  active  ser- 
vice, being  accepted  as  a substitute  for  an  older  brother. 
He  was  one  of  •the  e.\pedition  sent  to  the  peninsula  north 
of  Sandusky  bay,  where,  in  two  battles  on  one  day  with  a 
superior  force  of  Indians,  it  lost  nearly  one-fifth  of  its  num- 
ber in  killed  and  wounded.  At  the  close  of  his  short  term 
of  service  as  a soldier,  he  commenced  teaching  school.  In 
1817  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Elisha  Whittle- 
sey, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820.  In  1826  he  was 
chosen  a Representative  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  after 
serving  one  term,  declined  a re-election,  and  devoted  him- 
self to  his  profession  until  1838,  when  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  as  the  successor  of  his  instructor,  Hon.  E.  Whittle- 
sey. Having  been  for  some  years  an  active  abolitionist, 
and  entering  the  House  at  a time  of  great  e.xcilement  on 
the  subject  of  slavery,  he  not  only  took  his  stand  by  the 
side  of  John  Quincy  Adams  as  a supporter  of  the  right  of 
petition,  but  became  at  once  a prominent  champion  of  the 
abolition  of  slavery,  and  also  of  the  slave  trade  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  as  well  as  in  the  Territories  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  national  government;  and  he  became 
distinguished  chiefly  by  the  zeal  and  pertinacity  of  his 
opposition  to  slavery.  His  first  attempt  to  speak  against 
the  slave  trade  in  the  District  of  Columbia  was  made  Feb- 
ruary nth,  1839,  when  he  was  silenced  by  the  enforcement 
of  a nde  enacted  for  the  purpose  of  jireventing  the  discus- 
sion of  that  and  kindred  topics.  On  February  9th,  1841, 


he  delivered  his  first  anti-slavery  speech  upon  the  Indian 
war  in  Florida,  which,  he  contended,  was  begun  and  car- 
ried on  in  the  interest  of  slavery.  In  the  autumn  of  1841 
the  “ Creole,”  an  American  vessel,  sailed  from  Virginia  for 
New  Orleans,  with  a cargo  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-six 
slaves.  The  slaves  rose  upon  the  master  and  crew,  and 
after  a brief  struggle,  in  which  they  killed  one  man,  took 
posse.ssion  of  the  vessel,  and  entered  the  British  port  of 
Nassau,  where  their  right  to  freedom  was  recognized  and 
protected.  This  event  created  an  intense  excitement  in  the 
United  Slates,  and  the  Secretary  of  .State,  Hon.  Daniel 
Web.ster,  in  a letter  addressed  to  Edward  Everett,  Unite<l 
States  Minister  at  London,  avowed  the  intention  of  the 
government,  in  the  interest  of  the  owners,  to  demand  in- 
demnification for  the  slaves.  On  March  21st,  1842,  Mr. 
Giddings  brought  the  subject  before  Congress  in  a series  of 
resolutions,  in  which  it  was  declared  that,  as  slavery  was- 
an  abridgment  of  natural  right,  it  could  have  no  force 
beyond  the  territorial  jurisdiction  that  created  it;  that  when 
a ship  left  the  waters  of  any  State,  the  persons  on  board 
ceased  to  be  subject  to  the  slave  laws  of  such  State,  and 
thenceforth  came  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States, 
which  had  no  constitutional  authority  to  hold  slaves;  that 
the  persons  on  board  the  “ Creole,”  in  resuming  their  natural 
rights  of  personal  liberty,  violated  no  law  of  the  United 
States,  incurred  no  legal  penally,  and  were  justly  liable  to 
no  punishment ; and  that  any  attempt  to  re-enslave  them 
was  unauthorized  by  the  constitution,  and  incompatible  with 
the  national  honor.  These  resolutions  created  so  intense 
an  excitement  that,  yielding  to  the  importunities  of  some  of 
his  party  friends,  who  thought  the  time  unfavorable  for 
their  consideration,  he  withdrew  them,  declaring  his  inten- 
tion to  present  them  on  a future  occasion.  Whereupon 
John  Minor  Bolts,  of  Virginia,  introduced  a resolution  de- 
claring th.at  the  conduct  of  Joshua  R.  Giddings  in  offering 
the  resolutions  to  be  “altogether  unwarranted  and  un- 
warrantable, and  deserving  the  severe  condemnation  of  the 
people  of  this  country,  and  of  this  body  in  particular.”  The 
previous  question  being  moved,  he  was  thus  denied  the 
right  of  self-defence,  and  the  resolution  was  adopted  by  125 
yeas  to  69  nays.  He  instantly  resigned  his  seat,  and  called 
upon  his  constituents  to  pronounce  their  judgment  in  the 
case,  which  they  did  by  re-electing  him  by  a large  majority. 
He  resumed  his  seat  May  5th,  after  an  absence  of  six  weeks, 
and  held  the  post  by  successive  re-elections  until  March  3d, 
1861,  making  his  whole  period  of  service  twenty-two  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  nineteen  members  of  Congress,  who,  in 
1843,  united  with  John  Quincy  Adams  in  an  address  to  the 
people  of  the  United  States,  warning  them  against  the  an- 
nexation of  Texas,  and  declaring  that  its  consummation 
“ by  any  act  or  proceeding  of  the  Federal  government,  or 
any  of  its  departments,  would  be  identical  with  dissolution.” 
In  1844  he  united  with  the  same  gentleman  in  submitting  a 
report  (upon  a memorial  from  the  Legislature  of  Massachu- 
setts) in  which  it  was  distinctly  declared  that  the  liberties 


/ 


\ 


I 


u 


C* 

f ' 


*1 


’4-.t.| 


1^ 


/ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


of  the  people  had  their  primary  foundation  in  the  truths  of 
Christianity.  In  1849  'ts  made  an  elaborate  speech,  in 
which  he  maintained  that  man  could  not  be  property,  and 
that  to  treat  him  as  such  is  a crime.  In  the  same  year,  the 
Senate  having  amended  an  appropriation  bill,  by  inserting 
a provision  extending  the  laws  of  the  coasting  trade  to  Cali- 
fornia, with  the  intention,  as  was  believed,  to  legalize  the 
trade  in  slaves  between  the  .Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts,  he 
called  attention  to  the  matter  on  the  last  night  of  the  session, 
and  succeeded  in  getting  the  provision  removed.  In  the 
Oregon  controversy,  he  maintained  the  right  of  the  United 
States  to  the  whole  Territory,  declaring  that  that  right 
would  be  sacrificed  by  the  administration  for  fear  that  a war 
with  Great  Britain  would  lead  to  the  abolition  of  slavery. 
In  the  celebrated  case  of  the  “.-Vrmistad,”  he  maintained  the 
right  of  the  negroes  to  take  their  freedom,  and  zealously 
opposed  the  effort  to  induce  Congress  to  indemnify  the 
Spanish  claimants.  In  1847  he  refused  to  vote  for  Robert 
C.  Winthrop,  the  Whig  candidate  for  Speaker,  deeming  him 
unsound  on  the  slavery  question.  He  acted  generally  with 
the  Whig  party  till  1848,  giving  his  hearty  support  to  Gen- 
eral Harrison  and  Henry  Clay,  but  refused,  on  anti-slavery 
grounds,  to  support  General  Taylor.  In  the  election  of 
1S48  he  acted  with  the  Free- .Soil  party.  In  1849  he  united 
with  eight  other  members  of  the  House  in  refusing  to  vote 
for  any  candidate  who  would  not  pledge  himself  to  such  a 
construction  of  the  standing  committee,  as  would  secure  a 
respectful  consideration  of  petitions  relating  to  slavery,  in 
consequence  of  which,  the  Whig  candidate  for  .Speaker, 
Robeit  C.  Winthrop,  after  a struggle  of  three  weeks,  failed 
of  his  election,  Howell  Cobb,  the  Democratic  candidate, 
being  chosen  by  a plurality  of  voles.  In  1850  he  took  a 
prominent  part  in  opposing  the  enactment  of  the  “ com- 
promise measures,”  so  termed,  especially  the  fugitive  slave 
law.  He  w.as  also  conspicuous  in  the  debates  upon  the  re- 
[leal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  and  in  those  upon  the 
subsequent  troubles  in  Kansas.  In  July,  1850,  he  was  dis- 
tinctly charged  with  the  abstraction  of  important  papers 
from  the  general  post-office.  A committee  composed  chiefly 
of  his  political  opponents,  after  a rigid  examination,  ex- 
onerated him  entirely,  it  being  conclusively  shown  that  the 
charge  was  the  result  of  a conspiracy  against  him.  On 
May  8th,  1856,  while  addressing  the  House,  he  suddenly 
fell  to  the  floor  in  a state  of  unconsciousness,  from  which, 
however,  he  soon  revived,  though  in  a condition  of  great 
weakness.  On  Januai-y  17th,  1858,  the  same  accident 
occurred,  and  for  some  moments  he  wxs  supposed  to  be  dead. 
He  slowly  returned  to  consciousness,  but  was  compelled  for 
a time  to  be  absent  from  his  post;  his  disease  was  an  affec- 
tion of  the  nervous  system  acting  upon  the  heart.  Having 
declined  a renomination  by  his  constituents,  he  was  ap- 
pointed, by  President  Lincoln,  Consul-General  for  Canada, 
the  duties  of  which  office  he  discharged  at  Montreal  until 
his  death.  In  1843  he  wrote  a series  of  political  essays, 
signed  “ Pacificus,”  which  attracted  considerable  attention. 


509 


volume  of  his  speeches  in  Congress  was  published  in 
Boston  in  1853;  and  an  interesting  narrative  of  the  oppres- 
sion exercised  by  the  slaveholders  of  Florida  over  the 
negroes,  Indians,  and  mixed  races  of  the  peninsula,  under 
the  title  of  “ The  Exiles  of  Florida,”  was  published  in  1858, 
at  Columbus,  Ohio.  “.A  History  of  the  Rebellion,  its 
.Authors  and  Causes,”  which  is  mainly  a history  of  the  anti- 
slavery struggle  of  the  last  twenty-five  years — antecedent  to 
the  civil  war — in  Congress,  was  published  just  after  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Montreal,  Canada  East,  May  27th, 
1864. 


ELACOURT,  I.OUIS  B.,  Editor  and  Proprietor 
of  the  A^ational  Zef/inig,  and  son  of  Charles  A. 
W.  and  Scraphine  ( Haacke)  Delacourt,  was  born 
at  Colmar,  France,  January  25lh,  1830.  He  is, 
as  the  names  of  his  parents  would  plainly  indi- 
cate, of  mixed  German  and  French  descent.  The 
family  of  Delacourt,  or,  to  follow  the  original  orthography, 
de  la  Cottr,  is  one  of  ancient  French  pedigree,  and  being 
royalists  in  politics,  its  members  fled  across  the  Rhine  oil 
the  breaking  out  of  the  French  revolution,  and  found  safety 
in  one  of  the  German  states  till  the  carnage  of  that  terrible 
epoch  was  concluded  by  the  triumphs  of  Napoleon  the  First. 
The  parents  of  Mr.  Delacourt  removed  to  Magdeburg, 
Saxony,  the  year  following  his  birth,  and  he  received  his 
education  at  the  renowned  polytechnic  school  of  that  city, 
graduating  from  the  Department  of  Engineering  in  1846. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  Mr.  Delacourt  came  to  New  A'ork 
and  devoted  one  year  to  acquiring  a perfect  knowledge  of 
the  English  language,  after  which  he  engaged  in  the  tobacco 
trade,  dealing  principally  in  imported  cigars.  In  1850  he 
removed  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  where  he  remained 
five  years  in  the  same  line  of  trade  as  in  New  A^ork,  and 
during  the  last  year  of  his  residence  occupied  the  editorial 
chair  of  the  CJiarleslon  Zei/ttng,  the  first  German  [laper 
established  in  the  State.  Leaving  Charleston  in  1855,  he 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  trade  at  New  Orleans  till  the 
breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  in  1861,  when  he  went  to 
Hav.ana  and  remained  a year,  coming,  in  the  fall  of  1S62, 
to  Hamilton,  where  he  soon  afterwards  established  the 
A^ational  Zeitutig.  A man  of  nervous  temperament  and 
quick  perceptions,  with  varied  experience  and  an  education 
that  gave  him  perfect  command  of  three  languages,  Mr. 
Delacourt  was  not  long  in  making  his  paper  a power  in  the 
community.  Being  also  a good  public  .speaker,  he  came 
frequently  before  the  people  in  the  political  campaigns,  and 
soon  had  acquired  an  acquaintance  and  an  influence  second 
to  no  country  editor  in  the  .State.  His  paper  reaching  a 
large  class  of  native  Germans  in  Butler  county  and  the  val- 
ley of  the  Miami  who  cannot  read  English,  has  the  advan- 
tage of  appealing  to  them  in  their  native  tongue,  and  as  the 
organ  of  the  Democratic  party,  has  an  influence  that  is  very 
pronounced.  Mr.  Delacourt  has  been  a member  of  the 


510 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


School  Board  for  the  city  of  Hamilton,  for  nearly  ten  con- 
secutive years,  and  has  been  inslrunaental  in  elevating  the 
tune  of  the  public  instruction  and  ingrafting  some  of  the 
most  useful  features  of  the  German  system.  These  reforms 
may  not  make  their  proper  impression  at  once,  but  they 
cannot  fail  of  securing  an  ultimate  recognition  and  the 
gratitude  of  an  intelligent  public.  In  1852  Mr.  Delacourt 
was  married  to  Emily  Ileimpz,  then  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  but  a native  of  Zweibrucken,  Bavaria,  in  which 
.State  her  brother,  Philip  Heimpz,  a criminal  lawyer  of 
great  renown,  was  a member  of  the  Landtag.  . Dela- 
court has  had  five  children,  only  three  of  whom  survive, 
two  sons  and  a daughter. 


A^TEY,  HON.  JOHN  WATERMAN,  Lawyer  and 
Jurist,  was  born,  January  3d,  1827,  at  Woodsfield, 
Monroe  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  Cornelius 
Okey,  for  a long  time  representative  from  that 
county  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State;  and 
his  grandfather,  Hon.  Leven  Okey,  was  one  of 
the  Associate  Judges  of  the  same  county  for  many  years. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Monroe  Academy,  and  also  received 
private  instruction.  Having  selected  the  law  for  his  future 
calling,  after  a due  course  of  reading,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  at  Cambridge,  on 
22d  October,  1849,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  He  was  appointed  Probate  Judge  of 
Monroe  county  in  October,  1853,  and  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  in  October,  1854.  Two  years  thereafter  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  having 
held  that  position  for  the  term  of  five  years,  was  re-elected 
in  October,  1861.  In  March,  1865,  he  removed  to  Cincin- 
nati, where  he  now  resides.  He  assisted  in  the  preparation 
of  Gholson  and  Okey’s  Digest  of  Reports,  published  in 
1867,  and  in  Okey  and  Miller’s  Municipal  Law,  issued  in 
■ 1869.  He  was  appointed,  March  27th,  1875,  in  connection 
with  Hon.  M.  A.  Dougherty  and  Judge  Day,  Commissioner 
to  revise  and  codify  the  general  laws  of  the  State,  on  which 
work  they  are  at  present  engaged  (December,  1875). 
political  creed  is  that  taught  by  the  Democratic  party.  He 
was  married,  March,  1849,  to  Miss  Bloor,  of  Belmont 
county,  Ohio. 

ING,  JOHN  M.,  Inventor  and  Manufacturer,  was 
' ' born  in  Prussia,  October  I4lh,  1824.  Plis  parents 

were  William  and  Mary  (Morham)  Long,  and 
his  father  was  by  occupation  a miller.  They 
came  to  America  when  their  son  was  ten  years 
old,  and  settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  received 
a limited  education  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  machinist.  While 
learning  his  trade  young  Long  took  occasion  to  improve  his 


education  by  attending  the  evening  schools  and  by  private 
study.  He  followed  his  trade  in  the  capacity  of  journey- 
man till  the  age  of  twenty-four,  when  he  was  induced  to 
venture  into  mercantile  pursuits.  The  enterprise  proved 
delusive,  and  after  two  years  he  resumed  his  trade,  and  for 
a year  or  two'did  journeywork  in  Cincinnati.  In  1855  he 
came  to  Hamilton  as  Superintendent  of  the  shops  of  Owens, 
Lane  & Dyer,  but  in  the  following  year  resigned  the  posi- 
tion, intending  to  return  to  Cincinnati.  He  was,  however, 
prevailed  upon  to  stay  in  Hamilton  and  go  into  partnership 
with  Messrs.  Block  & Allstatter,  in  the  manufacture  of 
iron  and  agricultural  implements.  Without  any  other  capi- 
tal than  the  munificent  endowment  of  their  skill,  the  adven- 
turous trio  formed  a partnership  under  the  style  of  Long, 
Black  & Allstatter,  and  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of 
agricultural  implements.  Early  in  the  history  of  their 
enterprise,  Mr.  Long  made  valuable  improvements  on  the 
mower  and  reaper,  which  was  one  of  the  principal  articles 
of  their  manufacture,  and  the  value  of  these  inventions  by 
Mr.  Long,  as  well  as  nearly  two  dozen  subsequent  ones  on 
different  implements,  was  secured  by  patents.  Among  the 
more  important  inventions  of  Mr.  Long  are  the  sulky  rake, 
the  self-rake,  the  improvements  on  the  mower  and  reaper,  a 
punching  machine,  and  an  elastic-stroke  power  hammer — 
the  last  two,  though  not  in  the  agricultural  line,  are  machines 
used  in  their  own  works,  and  are  of  great  importance.  In 
the  course  of  a business  life  like  that  of  Mr.  Long,  filled 
with  projects  and  crowded  by  competition,  there  has  been 
little  time  and  less  desire  to  indulge  the  airy  ambition  for  a 
public  career.  His  thoughts  and  inclinations  have,  fortu- 
nately for  the  community,  taken  a different  direction,  and 
the  city  reaps  a substantial  benefit  from  the  great  manufac- 
turing enterprise  which  he  has  been  instrumental  in  found- 
ing. He  has,  however,  served  in  the  City  Council  several 
terms,  and  organized  and  has  taken  a leading  part  in  bring- 
ing the  steam  fire  department  of  the  town  to  its  present  ex- 
cellent condition.  In  building  associations  he  has  taken  an 
unusual  interest,  regarding  them  as  a great  boon  to  the 
mechanic  who  desires  to  secure  a home  of  his  own.  He  is 
President  of  not  less  than  three  of  these  societies,  and  their 
influence  has  been  marked  in  the  exceptionally  favorable 
condition  of  rents  in  Hamilton.  Mr.  Long  w'as  married, 
July  2d,  1848,  to  Mary  Mither,  of  Cincinnati,  and  with  her 
he  has  had  eleven  children,  ten  of  wdiom  survive. 


ESBITT,  BENONI,  Law'yer,  was  born,  October 
l8th,  1812,  in  Washington  county,  Maryland,  of 
American  parentage.  While  yet  an  infant,  his 
parents  removed  to  Ohio  in  1814,  and  settled  in 
Greene  county,  where  they  engaged  in  farming. 
His  education  was  such  as  the  common  school 
afi'orded ; and  after  leaving  school  he  engaged  in  farming 
until  he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  when  he  became 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOILKDIA. 


occupied  in  mercantile  pursuits  for  some  seven  years. 
Having  determined  to  adopt  the  profession  of  the  law,  he 
entered  the  office  of  Judge  R.  F.  Howard,  under  whose 
supervision  he  went  through  the  usual  course  of  study,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845.  ’’OW'  ranks  as  second 

or  third  oldest  of  the  active  practitioners  of  the  Xenia  bar. 
On  being  adn.itted  to  practise  he  immediately  located  in 
Xenia,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  His  practice  is  a 
large  and  lucrative  one,  and  his  standing  as  a professional 
man  is  among  the  first  in  southern  Ohio.  In  1859  and 
i860  he  was  a member  of  the  Board  for  equalizing  the  val- 
uation of  landed  property  for  the  State.  In  1864  he  en- 
tered the  army,  and  was  appointed  Provost  Marshal  for  the 
■Seventh  District  of  Ohio,  and  served  until  1866.  On  his 
return  home  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  in  which 
he  continues.  He  was  married,  January,  1839,  to  Rachel 
Crosby,  of  Xenia,  Ohio. 


EM  BERRY,  J.  S.,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Geologist,  was 
born  in  Windsor,  Connecticut,  and  comes  of  old 
Puritan  stock,  his  family  having  resided  at  Wind- 
sor since  1635,  when  the  town  was  founded  by  a 
colony  from  Dorchester,  Massachusetts,  and  had 
during  the  two  centuries  of  residence  there  fur- 
nished several  representatives  to  the  local  and  State  govern- 
ments, and  to  the  defence  of  the  settlement,  colony.  State, 
and  Union.  In  1824  his  father,  Henry  Newberry,  removed 
with  his  family  from  Connecticut  to  northern  Ohio,  where 
he  had  large  landed  estates,  inherited  from  Hon.  Roger 
Newberry',  a member  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company, 
and  settled  in  Summit  county,  where  he  founded  the  town 
of  Cuyahoga  Falls,  and  died  in  1854.  Dr.  Newberry  was 
quite  young  when  he  was  brought  into  Ohio,  and  conse- 
quently received  his  education  entirely  in  that  State.  He 
graduated  at  Western  Reserve  College,  in  Hudson,  in  1846, 
and  choosing  medicine  a.s  a profession,  graduated  from  the 
Cleveland  Medical  College  in  1848.  The  next  two  years 
were  spent  in  scientific  studies  at  home  and  in  Europe. 
At  the  close  of  1850  he  returned  from  travel,  and  the  next 
spring  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Cleveland,  where 
he  continued  with  success  until  1855;  but  was  much  dis- 
satisfied, as  he  had  no  time  to  pursue  his  scientific  studies. 
In  May  he  accepted  an  appointment  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment as  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Geologist  to  the 
United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  .under  command  of 
Lieutenant  R.  S.  Williamson,  whose  object  was  the  exam- 
ination of  the  country  between  San  Francisco  and  the 
Columbia  river.  The  results  of  this  trip  are  published  in 
the  sixth  volume  of  “ Pacific  Railroad  Reports.”  Dr.  New- 
berry’s own  report  on  the  “ Geology,  Botany,  and  Zoology 
of  North  California  and  Oregon,”  was  published  in  a separ- 
ate quarto  volume  of  three  hundred  pages,  with  forty-eight 
plates.  In  1857-58  he  accompanied  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Ives, 


5H 

in  the  exploration  and  navigation  of  the  Colorado  river ; the 
object  being  to  open  a navigable  route  of  communication 
with  the  United  States  troops  in  Utah.  An  iron  steamer, 
built  in  sections,  was  taken  from  Philadelphia  to  the  head 
of  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  there  put  together  and 
launched.  In  this  steamer  they  navigated  the  river  500 
miles  above  its  mouth,  when  they  were  stopped  at  the  lower 
end  of  the  Great  Canon,  an  immense  chasm  through  which 
the  river  pursues  its  way  for  hundreds  of  miles  between 
nearly  vertical  banks  ranging  from  30x00  to  6000  feet  in 
height.  One  year  was  spent  in  exploring  the  country  bor- 
dering on  the  Colorado;  the  information  obtained  regarding 
it  being  entirely  new  and  of  absorbing  interest.  Dr.  New- 
berry’s report  occupies  about  one-half  of  the  entire  space, 
and  was  declared  by  the  commanding  officer,  in  his  intro- 
ductory report,  to  contain  “ the  most  interesting  material 
gathered  by  the  expedition.”  In  1859  he  was  assigned  to 
another  exploring  expedition,  and  took  command  of  a party 
ordered  to  report  to  Captain  J.  N.  Macomb,  Topographical 
Engineer  United  States  army,  to  explore  the  San  Juan  and 
upper  Colorado  rivers.  The  work  of  this  expedition  took 
him  over  a large  part  of  southern  Colorado,  Utah,  northern 
Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  which  were  found  to  be  rich  in 
natural  beauties  and  mineral  wealth.  This  expedition 
found  the  point  of  junction  of  the  Grand  and  Green  rivers, 
the  paVent  streams  of  the  Colorado,  and  explored  the  valley 
of  the  San  Juan,  the  Colorado’s  largest  tributary,  which  is 
as  large  as  the  Connecticut,  and  once  flowed  by  the  popu- 
lous towns  of  a semi-civilized  people,  the  ruins  of  whose 
homes  now  border  the  banks  for  hundreds  of  miles.  Be- 
fore this  most  interesting  report  w.as  published  the  war  of 
the  rebellion  broke  out,  and  the  manuscript  still  remains  in 
the  War  Dei)artment.  In  .September,  1861,  he  accepted 
the  pc-. lion  of  Secretary  of  the  Western  Department  of  the 
.Sanitary  Commission,  and  continued  to  have  the  manage- 
ment of  it  until  its  work  was  closed  and  the  soldiers  had 
returned  to  their  homes.  His  head-quarters  were  first  in 
Cleveland,  and  then  in  Louisville,  Kentucky.  At  one 
time  there  were  more  than  5000  societies  tributary  to  it  in 
the  loyal  States  of  the  Northwest ; and  hospital  stores  to  the 
value  of  more  than  ^5,000,000  were  distributed  by  it  in  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and  over  850,000  names  were  on 
the  records  of  its  “ Hospital  Directory,”  at  Louisville,  and 
1,000,000  soldiers,  for  whom  no  adequate  provision  was 
made,  were  fed  and  sheltered  in  its  homes.  The  Sanitary 
Commission  at  the  West  w’as  an  elaborate  and  extensive 
organization  for  the  perfect  connection  and  mutual  assist- 
ance of  benevolent  patriotism  at  home  and  fighting  patriot- 
ism in  the  field.  The  great  success  to  which  it  attained 
was  largely  due  to  Dr.  Newberry’s  talent  as  an  organizer 
and  his  executive  ability.  In  1866  he  assumed  the  duties 
of  Professor  of  Geology  in  the  School  of  Mines  of  Colum- 
bia College,  New'  York  city,  a position  tendered  to  him 
before  the  Sanitary  Commission  had  closed  its  work.  In 
1869  he  accepted  an  invitation  of  the  State  of  Ohio  to  take 


512 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


cliaige,  as  State  Geologist,  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  the 
State,  which  had  been  determined  upon.  This  work  con- 
tinued five  years,  and  was  completed  in  1875.  The  several 
volumes,  with  the  maps,  render  this  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able of  any  work  of  its  kind  e.xtant.  Dr.  Newberry  is 
enrolled  among  the  members  of  most  of  the  learned  socie- 
ties of  this  country  and  many  in  Europe.  He  was  one  of 
the  original  corporators  of  the  National  Academy  of  Science, 
and  President  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History. 


^OODBRIDGE,  TIMOTHY,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
was  born,  F'ebruary  19th,  1810,  at  Youngstown, 
Ohio.  He  is  a great-grandson  of  President  Jon- 
athan Edwards.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  Wood- 
bridge,  and  also  his  father,  were  natives  of  Stock- 
bridge,  Massachusetts,  where  they  were  educated 
and  resided  many  years.  They  removed  to  Ohio  in  1808. 
Dr.  Woodbridge  received  his  primary  education  in  the  imb- 
lic  schools  of  Youngstown,  and  subsequently  attended  the 
academy  at  Burton,  Ohio.  He  afterwards  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  at  Youngstown,  which  he  completed  at 
the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  graduating 
from  that  institution  in  the  spring  of  1835.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  ever  since,  with 
the  exception  of  two  years  passed  in  Brazil  with  Governor 
Tod,  who  was  Minister  Resident  in  that  emirire  from  1847 
to  1851.  During  the  late  civil  war  he  served  in  the  army 
as  Post  Surgeon  at  the  depot  for  prisoners  of  war,  at  John- 
son’s Island,  Lake  Erie.  He  has  also  been  a member  of 
the  Town  Council,  and  tilled  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  a number  of  years.  He  was  married,  in  1844,  to 
Isabella  McCurdy. 


jLE.\N,  JOHN,  LL.  D.,  Lawyer,  Statesman,  and 
Jurist,  was  born,  March  llth,  1785,  in  Morris 
county,  New  Jersey.  When  he  was  four  years 
old  his  father  removed  to  the  West.  He  re- 
mained one  year  at  Morgantown,  Virginia,  and 
thence  proceeded  to  that  part  of  the  State  since 
known  as  Kentucky,  where  he  sojourned  about  seven  years. 
In  1797  he  removed  to  the  then  Northwest  Temtory — now 
Ohio — and  settled  on  a farm.  John  was  sent  to  school 
when  quite  young,  and  made  unusual  proficiency  for  one 
whose  general  opportunities  were  so  limited.  He  labored 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  and  then  placed 
himself  successively  under  the  instruction  of  Rev.  Matthew 
G.  Wallace  and  Mr.  Stubbs,  by  whose  assistance  he  made 
great  progress  in  the  study  of  the  languages.  During  this 
period  his  expenses,  both  for  board  and  tuition,  were  de- 
frayed by  himself,  as  his  father’s  means  were  very  limited, 


and  he  generously  refused  any  assistance  from  him.  When 
he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  young  McLean  went  to  write 
in  the  clerk’s  office  of  Hamilton  county.  This  employment, 
while  it  would  enable  him  to  support  himself,  would  also 
initiate  him  into  the  practical  part  of  the  law,  the  profession 
he  had  chosen  for  his  future  career.  The  arrangement  was 
that  he  should  write  in  the  office  for  three  years,  but  reserv- 
ing a portion  of  each  day  for  study;  the  latter  to  be  under 
the  direction  of  that  eminent  counsellor-at  law,  Arthur  St. 
Clair,  son  of  the  illustrious  general  of  the  same  name. 
During  his  continuance  in  the  office  he  was  indefatigable  in 
the  prosecution  of  his  double  duties.  He  also  became  a 
member  of  a debating  society — the  first  ever  formed  in 
Cincinnati — in  which  he  took  an  active  part.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  practice  of  the  law  in  the  autumn  of  1807,  and 
settled  at  Lebanon,  Warren  county.  He  immediately 
attracted  notice,  and  soon  rose  into  a lucrative  practice  at 
the  bar.  In  October,  1812,  he  was  elected  to  Congress  in 
the  district  in  which  he  resided,  by  a very  large  majority 
over  both  his  competitors.  From  his  first  entrance  into 
public  life  he  was  identified  with  the  then  Democratic 
party.  He  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  war  and  of  the 
administration  of  President  Madison  ; but  his  votes  were  not 
given  in  favor  of  every  measure  because  it  was  proposed  by 
his  party,  but  solely  iu  reference  to  principle;  and  the  idea 
of  supporting  a dominant  party,  merely  because  it  was 
dominant,  did  not  influence  his  judgment,  or  withdraw  him 
from  the  high  path  of  duty  which  he  had  marked  out  for 
himself.  He  often  voted  against  his  political  friends;  and 
so  highly  were  both  his  integrity  and  judgment  estimated, 
that  no  one  of  the  Democratic  party  separated  himself  from 
him  on  that  account,  nor  did  this  independent  course  in  the 
smallest  degree  diminish  the  weight  which  he  had  acquired 
among  his  own  constituents.  The  first  session  which  he 
attended  was  the  extra  session  after  the  declaration  of  war, 
when  the  tax  bills  were  jiassed  to  sustain  the  war.  The 
law  which  was  passed  to  indemnify  individuals  for  property 
lost  in  the  pulrlic  service  was  originated  by  him,  and  very 
naturally  contributed  to  add  to  the  reputation  with  which 
he  had  set  out  in  public  life.  At  the  ensuing  session  he 
introduced  a resolution  instructing  the  proper  committee  to 
inquire  into  the  expediency  of  granting  pensions  to  the 
widows  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  who  had  fallen  in  the 
military  service,  which  was  afterwards  sanctioned  by  law. 
At  thi.s  session  he  also  delivered  a very  able  and  effective 
speech  in  defence  of  the  administration  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  war.  This  was  published  in  the  leading  journals  of 
that  day,  and  gave  an  earnest  of  the  future  eminence  which 
he  was  destined  to  attain.  He  was  a member  of  the  Com- 
mittees of  Foreign  Relations,  and  on  the  Public  Lands.  In 
the  fall  of  1815  he  was  re-elected  to  Congress  with  the  same 
unanimity  as  before.  During  the  same  year  he  was  solicited 
to  become  a candidate  for  the  Senate,  but  declined,  as  the 
House  seemed  at  that  time  to  present  the  widest  arena  for 
the  display  of  talents  and  for  the  acquisition  of  public  fame. 


Eng.by  H.B.HalL.  from  a Pliotogi.-aph 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.KDIA. 


5'3 


He  was  elected  in  lSl6,  unanimously,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  station 
with  fidelity.  His  mind  seemed  to  combine  all  the  leading 
qualities  which  are  requisite  in  a Judge,  and  his  advance- 
ment to  the  office  was  felt  to  be  a public  advantage  to  the 
whole  State.  In  the  summer  of  1S22  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  ^lonroe.  Commissioner  of  tiie  General  Land 
Office,  and  he  removed  to  \\ashington.  He  filled  that 
station  for  only  about  one  year,  when  he  was  named  I ost- 
master-General,  July  1st,  1823.  Many  of  his  fiieiids  urged 
him  not  to  accept  this  post,  as  former  incumbents  had  found 
its  duties  exceedingly  arduous,  while  at  the  same  time  they 
were  not  exempt  from  a large  share  of  that  abuse  and  cal- 
umny so  often  wantonly  and  indiscriminately  heaped  upon 
public  servants.  It  was  said  none  could  acquire  reitutaiion 
in  that  office;  but  he  went  into  the  office  with  the  deter- 
mination of  devoting  his  w hole  time,  day  and  night,  to  the 
discharge  of  his  duties.  He  found  the  finances  of  the  de- 
partment in  a low  condition,  and  it  did  not  possess  the  pub- 
lic confidence ; but  order  was  restored  at  once  and  public 
confidence  revived.  In  a short  time  the  finances  of  the 
department  w'ere  in  a most  flourishing  condition  ; despatch 
and  regularity  were  given  to  the  mails,  and  the  commercial 
intercourse  of  the  whole  country  was  i)rosecuted  with  the 
utmost  celerity  and  ease.  Inefficient  contractors  were  dis- 
missed, and  the  same  course  was  adopted  with  regard  to 
the  postmasters  and  other  agents  of  the  department.  He 
controlled  its  entire  action.  The  whole  correspondence 
was  superintended  and  directed  by  him,  and  he  gave  his 
undivided  and  personal  attention  to  every  contract  which 
w-as  made  or  altered.  All  appointments,  all  charges 
against  postmasters,  w'ere  acted  on  by  him.  In  fact,  there 
was  nought  done,  involving  the  efficiency  or  character  of 
the  department,  which  was  not  done  under  his  immediate 
sanction.  During  the  whole  period  that  he  presided  over 
the  affairs  of  this  department,  which  embraced  nearly  two 
years  of  President  Monroe’s  administration,  and  the  four 
years’  term  of  President  John  Quincy  Adams,  the  country 
was  divided  into  two  great  parties,  animated  by  the  most 
determined  spirit  of  rivalry,  and  each  bent  upon  advancing 
itself  to  the  lead  of  public  affairs.  A question  of  great  im- 
port was  then  started,  whether  it  was  proper  to  make 
political  opinions  the  test  of  qualification  for  office.  It  had 
never  become  the  settled  and  systematic  course  of  conduct 
of  any  public  officer.  That  which  Judge  McLean  pursued 
was  marked  by  the  greatest  wisdom  and  moderation.  Be- 
lieving that  every  public  officer  held  his  office  in  trust  for 
the  people,  he  determined  to  be  influenced  by  no  ofher 
principles  in  the  discharge  of  his  public  duties  than  a 
faithful  performance  of  the  trust  committed  to  him.  No 
person  was  removed  from  office  on  account  of  his  political 
opinions.  In  making  appointments,  where  the  claims  and 
qualifications  of  individuals  were  equal,  and  at  the  same 
time  one  was  known  to  be  friendly  to  the  administration, 
he  felt  himself  bound  to  appoint  the  one  who  was  friendly ; 


but  when  persons  were  recommended  to  office,  it  was  nut 
the  practice  to  name  as  a recommendation  that  they  were 
friendly  to  the  administration.  In  all  such  cases  the  man 
who  was  believed  to  be  the  best  qualified  was  selected  by 
the  department.  In  1829  General  Jackson,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  his  first  term,  recognizing  the  superior  ad- 
ministrative ability  of  the  Postmaster-General,  tendered  him 
first  the  War  and  then  the  Navy  Department,  but  he 
declined  them  both.  He  was  determined  to  leave  Wash- 
ington, as  the  spirit  of  party  had  become  unusually  .bitter 
and  acrimonious,  and  threatened  to  overleap  all  the  fences 
with  which  it  had  been  hitherto  confined.  He  believed 
that  it  would  be  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  for  him  to 
pursue  the  even  and  measured  course  w hich  he  had  hith- 
erto followed  with  so  much  credit  to  himself  and  advantage 
to  the  nation.  Retirement  from  political  life  seemed,  under^ 
such  circumstances,  most  desirable.  The  President,  how- 
ever, wishing  to  avail  himself  of  abilities  which  had  been 
exerted  so  long  in  behalf  of  the  public  welfare,  tendered 
him  the  position  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  highest 
judicial  station  in  the  country;  and  on  his  signifying  that 
he  would  accept,  he  was  immediately  nominated,  and  the 
nomination  ratified  by  the  Senate.  This  position  he  held 
until  his  death.  His  name  was  brought  forward  several 
times  as  a candidate  for  the  Presidency,  first  in  1S32  and 
again  in  1836;  and  even  as  late  as  1856  and  in  i£6o,  there 
were  those  who  believed  that  his  conservative  views  would 
tend  to  harmonize  the  conflicting  interests  and  the  antagon- 
ism which  existed  between  the  North  and  the  South,  which 
culminated  at  last  in  the  civil  war  of  1861-65.  During  his 
occupancy  of  the  bench  he  was  industriously  and  labor- 
iously engaged  in  the  manifold  duties  of  his  high  position. 
Rarely  absent  from  the  sessions  of  the  court — less  so,  in- 
deed, than  any  of  his  associates  during  the  first  quarter 
century  of  his  high  office — he  took  a prominent  part  in  all 
the  leading  questions,  constitutional  or  otherwise,  which 
were  decided  between  1830  and  1853.  In  some  of  them 
he  delivered  the  opinion  of  the  court,  in  others  he  gave  his 
individual  opinion,  while  in  others  again  he  dissented  and 
assigned  his  reasons  for  doing  so.  As  an  evidence  of  the 
high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  those  most  competent 
to  judge  of  his  intellectual  and  moral  excellencies,  it  may 
be  stated  that  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  I.aws  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  University,  the  Wesleyan 
University,  and  by  two  other  colleges  in  the  United  .States. 
He  Was  for  many  years  a communicant  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  and  his  public  and  private  life  was  in 
perfect  harmony  with  his  profession.  He  was  also  for  sev- 
eral years  the  President  of  the  American  .Sunday-School 
Union.  He  was  married,  1807,  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Edwards,  formerly  of  South  Carolina.  She  died  in 
December,  1840.  After  a widowerhood  of  three  years  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Sarah  Bella  Garrard,  a daughter 
of  Israel  Ludlow,  one  of  the  founders  of  Cincinnati.  He 
died  in  the  latter  city,  April  4th,  1861, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOl'.EDIA. 


?Mrni,  CHARLES  J.  W.,  Real  Estate  Operator, 
was  born,  September  19th,  1813,  at  Bedford, 
Pennsylvania.  His  elementary  education  was 
obtained  at  Boone’s  Academy,  whence  he  passed 
to  a more  advanced  grade  of  schools,  and  attained 
a proficiency  in  the  classics  and  higher  branches 
of  English  with  Alexander  Kimmick,  of  Bedford,  and  later 
of  the  Cincinnati  College.  His  tastes  inclined  him  to  a 
military  life,  and  he  urged  his  guardian,  the  late  Judge 
Todd — then  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  .Supreme  Court  of 
Pennsylvania — to  secure  for  him  an  ajipointment  at  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  Death 
called  away  his  protector  without  the  accomplishment  of 
this  desire,  and  he  was  left  at  sixteen  years  of  age  to  make 
his  own  way  through  life.  His  adventurous  disposition  led 
him  to  seek  a home  in  the  undeveloped  Western  country, 
and  he  landed  at  Cincinnati,  May  ist,  1830.  Being  ofilered 
a position  in  the  dry-goods  and  grocery  store  of  A.  C. 
Brown,  he  accepted  the  same,  and  was  for  three  years 
clerk  in  that  establishment.  His  employer  having  suc- 
cumbed to  financial  pressure,  he  remained  with  M.  P. 
Cassidy,  the  assignee,  and  closed  up  the  business  in 
manner  acceptable  and  praiseworthy.  He  next  engaged 
with  R-.  & J.  Atkinson,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  the 
capacity  of  bookkeeper,  with  whom  he  remained  until 
1834,  when  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  engaged  in  the 
grocery  business  on  his  own  account,  on  Fifth  street  be- 
tween Walnut  and  Vine  streets,  being  the  first  occupant  of 
the  block  of  buildings  erected  by  Elmore  Williams.  Here 
he  struggled  manfully  and  energetically;  but  finally,  in 
1839,  was  overcome  by  adverse  circumstances,  although,  in 
Yielding,  he  sacrificed  no  particle  of  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  business  community.  From  early  manhood 
he  had  been  an  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
party,  but  never  engaged  in  active  political  life  until  1841, 
when  he  was  nominated  for  Constable  in  the  Second  Ward, 
and  though  the  district  was  largely  Whig,  he  was  elected. 
In  1842  he  w'as  re-elected  in  conjunction  with  James  L. 
Ruffin,  the  Whig  candidate;  but  during  the  following  year 
the  number  being  reduced  to  one,  and  the  struggle  having 
become  a party  contest,  and  as  many  influential  Whigs  were 
impressed  into  the  electioneering  service  to  secure  Smith’s 
defeat,  he  then  accepted  an  appointment  as  Deputy  from 
Sheriff  John  H.  Gerard,  and  so  continued  until  1846,  when 
he  was  brought  before  the  Democratic  Convention  with 
Joseph  Cooper,  Thomas  Weaver,  and  others.  .Vfter  leading 
all  others  in  five  consecutive  ballots,  he  withdrew'  in  favor 
of  Weaver,  who  w'as  nominated  and  subsequently  elected, 
and  by  whom  Smith  was  retained  as  his  Chief  Deputy.  In 
1848,  by  a fusion  of  parties  against  Weaver,  Cooper  w'as 
elected,  when  Smith  then  left  the  office  and  formed  a co- 
partnership with  William  Winters,  and  embarked  in  real 
estate  operations,  which  association  continues  until  the 
present  time.  In  1850  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  for  the  Sheriffalty,  and  despite  the  desperate 


efforts  of  Joseph  Cooper,  the  fusion  candidate,  was  elected 
by  nearly  5000  majority.  About  this  period  occurred  one 
of  the  most  characteristic  incidents  of  his  career;  for  al- 
though not  legally  responsible  to  the  creditors  with  whom 
he  had  settled  by  passing  through  bankruptcy,  in  1842,  he, 
with  that  delicate  sense  of  honor  so  rarely  found,  took  upon 
himself  the  payment,  dollar  for  dollar,  of  all  deficiencies, 
and  this  from  the  earnings  of  years  of  frugality  and  unre- 
mitting labor.  In  1854  he  was  defeated  for  Mayor  by  N. 
W.  Thomas,  the  fusion  candidate.  P'rom  that  time  he 
escheu'ed  public  office  until  appointed  by  Mayor  Johnston 
P’ire  Commissioner,  in  1S74.  He  has  been  a prominent 
member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Pjellows  since 
1835,  being  Grand  .Secretary  in  1838,  and  made  out  the 
seventh  charter  of  the  Grand  Lodge.  He  has  ever  taken 
an  active  interest  in  the  furtherance  of  all  the  benevolent 
work  of  the  order.  He  w'as  one  of  the  prime  movers  and 
most  energetic  w'orkers  in  the  obtaining  of  the  charitable 
fund  for  the  widow's  and  orphans  of  deceased  members. 
To  him,  also,  the  city  probably  ow'es  a greater  debt  than  to 
any  other  man  in  the  matter  of  street  railways,  which  he 
advocated  with  his  accustomed  ability  and  vigor.  He  was 
President  of  the  Farmers’  and  Mechanics'  Insurance  Com- 
pany, which  he  managed  successfully  and  efficiently;  but 
became  convinced  that  it?  would  prove  more  advantageous 
to  all  parties  to  transfer  all  policies  to  an  older  company  : 
its  affairs  were  settled  in  a highly  satisfactory  manner.  He 
is  still  in  active  business,  and  lacking  nothing  of  the  energy 
of  former  years,  although  time  has  left  his  seal  upon  him. 
He  presents  to-day  a fair  specimen  of  a man  who  has 
carved  his  own  destiny,  and  who,  from  obscure  youth,  has 
triumphed  over  adversity,  emerging  from  the  dark  shadows 
of  financial  distress,  and  stands  forth  to  challenge  the  ad- 
miration of  every  appreciator  of  integrity,  geniality,  and 
true  benevolence.  He  is  emphatically  a fine  representative 
of  the  self-made  men  of  the  day. 


'HAMBERS,  HON.  ROBERT  E.,  Lawyer  and 
Jurist,  was  born,  June  24th,  1827,  in  Richland 
tow'iiship,  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  of  Irish  parent- 
age, his  father  having  arrived  in  America  in 
1798,  and  his  mother  two  years  later.  His 
father  followed  agricultural  pursuits  through  life. 
Robert  attended  the  district  school  during  the  winter 
months,  laboring  on  the  farm  the  balance  of  the  year,  and 
until  he  attained  his  majority.  He  then  worked  at  the  car- 
penter trade  for  about  a year,  after  which  he  taught  school, 
and  at  the  same  time  w'as  a jiupil  in  an  academy  which  pre- 
pared him  for  college.  He  graduated  from  Franklin 
College,  Harrison  county,  Ohio,  in  1853,  and  subsequently 
resumed  his  avocation  as  a teacher,  being  employed  as  such 
in  the  district  schools  for  three  years,  and  taught  the  high 
schools  of  St.  Clairsvilie,  Ohio,  for  two  years ; likewise 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


515 


having  supervision  of  the  public  schools  of  that  place.  He 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  1S58,  with  Judge  William 
Kennon,  of  St.  Clairsville,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1 j6o,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1S62  he  was  elected  a member  of  the  lower  House  in 
the  General  Assembly,  and  served  for  one  year.  On  his 
return  home  he  resumed  his  legal  duties,  and  so  continued 
until  1871,  when  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  the  term  of  five  years.  He  was  a candi- 
date for  Congress  in  1870,  in  opposition  to  Hon.  John  A. 
Bingham,  but  failed  of  an  election.  His  present  position  as 
Judge  is  due  to  his  acquirements,  and  these  were  only  ob- 
tained through  his  indomitable  energy,  perseverance  and 
industry. 


YARKER,  BENAJAH,  was  born  in  Portsmouth, 
V Rhode  Island,  July  loth,  1805.  His  father,  Cap- 
I tain  Peter  Barker,  did  good  service  in  the  revolu- 
^ tionary  army,  and  in  1811  emigrated  from  Ports- 
mouth  to  settle  in  New  York  .State,  where  he  died 
in  1830  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-eight  years. 
ILnajah  is  descended  from  one  of  three  brothers  who  came 
to  this  country  with  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  one  settling  in 
Vermont,  one  in  Connecticut,  and  the  other  in  Rhode  Island, 
the  latter  being  his  ancestor.  His  mother  was  Ruth  Cook, 
d.iughter  of  Captain  Matthew  Cook.  When  but  twenty 
years  of  age  young  Barker  secured  a large  contract  on  the 
Delaware  canal,  running  from  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  to 
Bristol,  Pennsylvania.  Although  he  had  but  $500  capital, 
saved  from  his  daily  earnings,  by  shrewd  financiering  he 
fulfilled  his  contract  and  cleared  $7000.  On  his  return 
home  his  phenomenal  success  was  the  subject  of  general 
discussion,  and  he  became  a hero  among  the  lads  of  his 
neighborhood.  Again  in  1857  he  was  awarded  another 
large  contract,  this  time  on  the  Wabash  canal.  In  1848  he 
emigrated  to  Cleveland,  where  he  built  the  present  gas 
works,  of  which  he  held  the  greater  part  of  the  stock  for 
some  time.  He  subsequently  organized  a gas  company,  of 
which  he  was  President  for  five  years.  In  1852-53  he  was 
engaged  in  Iniilding  the  gas  works  at  P'oit  Wayne.  In 
1854-55  he  constructed  the  gas  works  at  Adrian,  Michigan. 
In  1838  Mr.  Barker  accompanied  a colony  from  Boston  to 
Iowa,  where  he  purchased  twelve  thousand  acres  of  land  at 
one  dollar  per  acre,  selling  his  land  in  less  than  a month 
for  two  rlollars  and  a half  the  acre.  On  part  of  this  ground 
Thornsville  is  now  located.  Mr.  Barker  was  for  many 
years  a Director  of  the  P'orest  City  R.mk.  He  has  never 
been  a politician  in  the  general  acceptation  of  the  term,  but 
he  has  always  faithfully  discharged  his  duties  as  a citizen  of 
a republic.  He  took  a decided  stand  against  slavery.  Many 
a poor  slave  owed  his  freedom  to  Mr.  Bttker,  whose  kind 
heart  and  open  purse  were  never  appealed  to  in  vain.  He 
has  sent  many  fugitives  on  their  way  rejoicing  to  Canada  or 
other  safe  asylum  where  freedom  avr  ailed  them.  Part  of 


his  general  crusade  against  slavery  was  the  building  of  a 
church  edifice  where  Plymouth  Congregational  Church  now 
stands.  He  purchased  the  lot,  giving  his  check  for  four 
thousand  dollars,  contributed  to  the  building  fund,  and  per- 
sonally superintended  the  erection  of  the  building.  When 
the  congregation  was  organized  it  took  a bold,  positive  stand 
against  slavery,  and  bore  a noble  part  in  moulding  public 
opinion  in  favor  of  emancipation.  Mr.  Barker  was  also  one 
of  the  founders  of  an  anti-slavery  newspaper  then  known  as 
the  Democrat,  now  the  Cleveland  Daily  Leader.  Mr. 
Barker  has  always  enjoyed  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his 
friends  and  the  public.  He  has  been  active  in  benevolent 
works.  Churches  and  charities  have  found  him  willing  and 
anxious  to  contribute  his  time  and  money  in  their  aid.  He 
has  retired  from  business,  and  now  in  the  autumn  of  his 
years  enjoys  the  fruits  of  a well-spent  life.  In  1853  he 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  Vanderwerker,  of 
Saratoga  county.  New  York,  who  has  borne  him  three  chil- 
dren now  living — one  son,  much  esteemed  in  the  community, 
and  two  daughters. 

,f'^^ILLMORE,  GENERAL  QUINCY  ADAMS,  was 
born  at  Black  River,  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  P'eb- 
’ll  I ruary  28tli,  1825.  His  parents  were  of  mingled 
.Scotch-Irish  and  German  extraction.  His  father, 
Quartus  Gilhnore,  was  a native  of  Massachusetts, 

(9  ^ * 

and  the  son  of  a farmer  there.  This  farm  was 
exchanged  for  a tract  of  one  thousand  acres  on  the  Western 
Reserve,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  (Juartiis  went  thither. 
In  1824  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith,  maiden 
name  Reid.  Both  have  lived  to  enjoy  the  fame  of  their 
distinguished  son.  Quartus  Gillmore  was  a strong  Whig, 
and  his  son  was  born  on  the  day  the  news  of  John  Quincy 
Adams’  election  to  the  Presidency  was  received.  These 
two  happy  events  coming  together,  it  was  thus  that  he  came 
to  be  a namesake  of  the  illustrious  statesman.  The  boy 
grew  up  amid  pioneer  surroundings,  working  on  the  farm 
in  the  summer,  and  receiving  the  customary  schooling  in  the 
winter.  He  was  a very  apt  scholar,  and  made  rapid 
progress.  After  entering  his  teens  he  was  sent  for  a winter 
to  Norwalk  Academy,  twenty-five  miles  from  his  home. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  became  a school-teacher,  and  for 
three  years  he  followed  this  occupation,  spending  two  vaca- 
tions at  a high  school  in  Elyria.  But  he  never  liked  school- 
teaching, and  longed  to  change  it  for  some  other  occupation. 
In  the  spring  of  1845  the  pupils  of  the  Elyria  High  School 
gave  an  “ exhibition,”  at  which  the  young  pedagogue  read 
an  original  poem  entitled  “ Erie,”  which  was  afterwards 
published  in  the  county  newspaper,  and  which  possessed 
such  merit  as  to  be  copied  into  many  other  journals.  About 
this  time  he  commenced  the  study  of  merlicine  in  the  office 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Strong,  at  Elyria.  Meanwhile  the  represent- 
ative in  Gongress  from  the  district.  Hon.  E.  S.  Hamlin, 
was  casting  about  for  a suitable  youth  to  fill  an  appointment 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


S>6 

to  West  Point.  Of  two  selected,  one  had  failed,  and  the 
other  proved  too  old.  The  advice  of  the  editor  of  the 
Elyria  Democrat  being  asked,  he  at  once  pointed  to  the 
author  of  “ Erie,”  and  urged  that  the  author  of  such  verse 
had  something  in  him  above  the  average.  The  appointment 
was  given  him,  and  he  set  out  for  home  to  acquaint  his 
parents  with  the  change  in  his  prospects.  They  were  not 
at  all  pleased,  but  eventually  his  father  consented  to  furnish 
him  with  money  for  an  outfit,  saying,  “ I will  give  it  to  you 
if  you  will  promise  to  come  out  at  the  head  of  your  class.” 
He  made  and  kept  this  promise.  In  the  year  of  his  gradua- 
tion he  married  Mary  O’Magher,  only  daughter  of  the 
Academy  Treasurer  of  Cadets.  His  high  rank  in  gradua- 
tion made  him  a member  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers.  As  a 
Brevet  Second  Lieutenant  he  was  ordered  to  duty  on  the 
fortifications  at  Hampton  Roads.  Serving  here  three  years 
he  returned  to  the  Academy  as  an  instructor,  and  remained 
there  four  years,  the  last  year  as  Treasurer  and  Quarter- 
master at  the  Academy.  While  here  he  devoted  much  time 
to  the  study  of  the  theory  and  science  of  cannon  projectiles, 
and  their  effect  upon  earthworks  and  masonry.  In  1856  he 
was  promoted  to  a P'irst  Lieutenancy  of  Engineers,  and  or- 
dered to  New  York  city  to  take  charge  of  the  Engineer 
Agency  there  established.  The  outbreak  of  the  war  found 
him  here,  and  it  was  while  occupying  this  post  that  he  ])ub- 
lished  a work  which  has  since  become  a standard  authority 
among  engineers,  on  “ Limes,  Hydraulic  Cements,  and 
Mortars.”  A paper  on  mathematics,  which  he  published 
during  the  same  time,  caused  the  faculty  of  Oberlin  College 
to  confer  upon  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  His  pub- 
lished suggestions  as  to  the  defence  of  the  Lake  coast 
attracted  the  attention  of  scientific  men  and  the  War  De- 
partment. When  the  war  broke  out  he  was  in  his  thirty- 
sixth  year  and  a widower,  having  lost  his  estimable  wife  in 
1S60,  and  being  left  to  the  care  of  four  sons.  In  August, 
i36i,  he  asked  to  be  placed  in  active  field  duly,  and  Gover- 
nor Dennison  offered  him  the  command  of  a regiment. 
This  he  declined,  and  proposed  to  organize  a brigaile  of 
sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers  for  service  in  the  West. 
The  Governor  favored  this,  hut  the  War  Department  did 
not.  The  Governor  urged  his  appointment  as  a Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers,  but  this  also  fell  through.  An  expe- 
dition destined  for  the  coast  of  South  Carolina  was  being 
organized,  and  his  experience  as  agent  at  New  York  pecu- 
liarly qualified  him  for  fitting  out  this  expedition.  He  w.as 
promoted  to  a Captaincy  in  his  corps,  and  made  Chief  En- 
gineer to  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  then  about  to  set  out  for 
Port  Royal.  This  was  on  the  3d  of  October,  1S61.  A 
month  later  he  was  present  with  the  staff,  and  after  the 
bombanlment  by  Dupont  and  the  descent  upon  Hilton 
Head  Island  by  the  troops,  he  was  engaged  for  the  next 
two  months  in  fortifying  the  positions  secured.  Einally 
attention  was  directed  to  Fort  Pulaski,  and  the  possibility 
of  its  reduction.  The  chief  of  engineers  said  it  could  be 
accomplished,  hut  he  could  point  to  no  authorities  but  his 


own  theories  to  sustain  him.  His  views  were  a matter  of 
astonishment  to  the  older  engineers,  as  breaching  a wall  at 
five  or  six  hundred  yards  was  considered  the’  limit  by  the 
wisest  military  men.  His  scheme  was  not  favored  by  lead- 
ing engineers,  and  was  looked  upon  as  wild  and  impracti- 
cable. The  spot  where  he  proposed  to  place  his  batteries 
was  seventeen  hundred  yards  distant  from  the  fort,  three 
times  the  distance  considered  practicable.  But  his  com- 
mander indorsed  his  plan,  and  forwarded  it  to  Washington 
for  approval.  Through  various  causes  of  delay,  and  the 
great  difficulty  in  ])lacing  the  batteries  in  position  on  the 
marshy  coast  of  Tybee  Island,  the  spring  was  far  advanced 
before  the  bombardment  commenced.  In  the  meantime 
General  W.  T.  -Sherman  had  been  relieved,  but  not  before 
he  had  given  his  Chief  of  Engineers  authority  to  act  as 
Brigadier-General  pending  his  appointment.  His  successor 
did  not  interfere  with  the  plans.  Eleven  batteries  were  in 
position  at  last,  and  on  the  loth  of  T'chruary  firing  com- 
menced. After  two  days’  firing  a breach  was  made,  and 
the  magazine  of  the  fort  was  in  danger.  The  garrison  sur- 
rendered at  this  crisis.  The  loss  on  the  Union  side  was  but 
one  man  killed.  The  garrison  lost  ju-obably  twenty-five, 
and  the  prisoners  numbered  three  hundred  and  sixty.  The 
victor  had  demonstrated  the  enormous  power  of  the  new 
heavy  rifled  artillery,  for  the  mortars  and  columbiads  proved 
almost  useless.  He  was  soon  after  made  a Brigadier-General 
of  Volunteers,  but  the  malaria  of  the  marshes  had  brought 
on  a fever  which  incapacitated  him  for  the  next  two  months. 
On  his  recovery  he  was  sent  to  New'  Yoik  to  assist  the  Gov, 
ernor  to  equip  and  forward  troops  being  raised  there. 
When  Kentucky  was  invaded  by  Bragg  and  Kirby  Smith 
he  was  ordered  at  once  to  Cincinnati.  He  w'as  assigned  to 
the  advance  against  Kirby  -Smith,  but  he  was  not  particu- 
larly conspicuous  in  any  operations  in  the  West.  He  fought 
and  won  a battle  at  Somerset,  and  for  this  success  w'as 
brevetted  a Colonel  of  Engineers.  He  had  just  been  re- 
lieved in  Kentucky  when  news  came  of  Dupont’.s  failure  to 
reduce  Fort  Sumter.  He  employed  his  leisure  in  submit- 
ting his  views  to  the  War  Department.  He  was  summoned 
to  Washington  for  consultation,  and  his  opinions  were  re- 
ceived as  final  authority.  The  matter  ended  in  his  being 
given  command  of  this  department,  with  Rear  Admiral 
Foote  in  command  of  the  naval  operations.  Tlie  history  of 
ihis  campaign  makes  a large  volume  in  itself,  and  only  the 
merest  outline  can  be  expected  here.  The  undertaking  was 
a most  hazardous  one,  and  arrested  the  attention,  not  only 
of  the  North,  but  of  all  military  Europe.  Forty-seven  ])ieces 
of  artillery  with  all  their  adjuncts  w'ere  planted  on  the  ex- 
tremity of  Folly  Island,  within  speaking  distance  of  the 
enemy’s  pickets,  and  without  discovery  or  suspicion.  On 
the  loth  of  July,  1863,  these  liatteries  belched  forth  upon 
the  enemy  across  the  inlet.  The  astonished  enemy  retreated, 
and  a landing  on  Morris  Island  was  effected.  Soon  three- 
fourths  of  the  island  was  in  possession  of  the  storming  party, 
and  Fort  Wagner  was  within  musket  range.  Resting  until 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCL0P.^;DIA. 


5'7 


next  clay,  an  unsuccessful  assault  was  made  upon  Wagner, 
the  slaugliter  to  the  Union  troops  being  great.  Siege  was 
laid  to  it,  and  in  a week  another  assault  was  made,  but  it 
was  handsomely  repulsed  again.  This  second  failure  de- 
cided the  commander  to  turn  his  attention  to  Sumter.  His 
defensive  line  was  between  four  and  five  thousand  yards 
from  the  fort,  considerably  over  two  miles.  He  at  once 
began  the  construction  of  breaching  batteries  consisting  of 
one,  two,  and  three-hundred-pounder  Parrott  guns.  Finally, 
after  overcoming  great  difficulties,  the  fire  upon  Sumter  was 
opened  on  the  morning  of  August  17th.  For  a week  the 
fire  was  kept  up,  and  in  a few  days  great  gaps  were  made  in 
the  wall.  Wagner  kept  up  a fierce  fire,  and  came  near  dis- 
mantling some  of  the  breaching  guns.  But  Sumter  began 
to  present  the  appearance  of  a shapeless  ruin,  and  the  work 
of  reduction  was  nearly  accomplished.  At  this  juncture  the 
great  artillerist  called  upon  Beauregard  to  surrender,  adding 
that  if  he  did  not  comply  within  four  hours,  he  would  shell 
Charleston.  The  Confederate  treated  the  demand  with 
contempt.  In  the  middle  of  the  night  a shell,  from  an  un- 
known quarter,  burst  in  the  streets.  Shell  after  shell  fol- 
lowed, shattering  the  costly  residences  of  the  aristocratic 
quarter.  Where  they  came  from  was  a mystery.  Beaure- 
gard said  it  was  barbarous,  and  a viol.ation  of  the  rules  of 
war.  The  shells  came  from  an  oozy  marsh,  where  the 
Union  General  had  placed  a gun  with  the  greatest  difficulty 
and  with  the  utmost  secrecy.  The  placing  of  this  gun  in 
this  marsh  was  a remarkable  exploit,  from  the  great  difficulty 
in  securing  a foundation.  The  continuous  firing  upon 
.Sumter  had  made  it  almost  untenable,  and  this  and  the 
shelling  of  the  town  had  struck  terror  to  the  very  heart  of 
Charleston.  But  in  the  midst  of  it  all  came  a lull.  The 
navy  was  accompli.shing  nothing,  although  .Sumter  was 
silenced  and  the  early  capitulation  of  the  city  seemed  a cer- 
tainty. Failing  to  secure  the  co-operation  of  this  arm  of  the 
service,  Gillmore  again  turned  his  attention  to  Wagner,  as 
yet  defiant.  Opening  a fire  upon  it  which  lasted  for  two 
days  and  nights,  he  prepared  for  another  assault.  But  the 
enemy  (juietly  evacuated,  and  the  fort  was  entered  without 
opposition.  Great  was  the  praise  bestowed  upon  him  in 
this  country  and  in  Europe.  An  editorial  in  the  Tribune 
was  concluded  as  follows : 

Pulaski,  Somerset,  the  landing  at  Morris  Island,  the  de- 
molition of  .Sumter — WAGNftR.  “ The  greatest  is  behind  ! ” 
Whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  many  deeds  which  may 
illuminate  the  sad  story  of  the  Great  Rebellion,  the  capture 
of  Wagner  by  General  Gillmore  will  be  regarded  as  the 
greatest  triumph  of  engineering  that  history  has  yet  recorded. 

But  after  all  these  successes  the  fall  of  Charleston  did  not 
take  place  until  eighteen  months  afterward.  General  Gill- 
more now  organized  a movement  to  invade  Florida,  and 
despatched  General  Seymour  there.  The  latter  was  met  by 
the  rebels  and  disastrously  defeated.  Operations  around 
Charleston  being  at  a standstill,  he  asked  to  be  relieved 
there  and  sent  to  another  field.  He  was  ordered  to  report. 


with  the  Tenth  Army  Corps,  to  General  Butler,  at  Fortress 
Monroe.  But  he  soon  had  a disagreement  with  Butler,  and 
this  continuing,  Grant  removed  him  to  another  department. 
He  was  given  a command  to  oppose  Early,  who  was  operat- 
ing in  Maryland.  Three  days  after  assuming  command,  he 
was  severely  injured  by  a fall  from  his  horse,  and  was  un- 
able to  report  for  duty  until  the  latter  part  of  August. 
When  he  did  so,  he  was  appointed  by  Mr.  Lincoln  President 
of  a board  to  test  the  Ames  gun.  After  this  service  had 
been  performed  satisfactorily,  he  was  appointed  Acting 
Inspector  General  of  Fortifications  for  the  Military  Division 
of  the  West  Mississippi,  and  he  spent  a couple  of  months  in 
an  extended  tour  of  inspection.  In  the  latter  part  of  January, 
1865,  it  was  decided  to  again  place  him  in  command  of  the 
Department  of  South  Carolina,  the  field  where  he  had 
achieved  his  fame.  He  assumed  command  on  the  9th  of 
February,  and  a w’eek  or  so  later  he  was  steaming  into  the 
harbor  of  Charleston.  His  government  of  the  department 
was  wise  and  judicious,  but  he  longed  for  his  old  familiar 
work  in  the  Engineer  Corps.  Accordingly  he  was  mustered 
out  of  the  volunteer  service  at  his  own  request,  at  the  time 
holding  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major-General  in  the  United 
States  army.  A distinguished  writer  has  said  of  him  : 

....  In  his  proper  province 'as  engineer  and  artillerist, 
he  was  as  bold  as  in  the  field  he  was  cautious.  He  ignored 
the  limitations  of  the  books.  He  accepted  theories  that 
revolutionized  the  science,  and  staked  his  professional 
standing  on  great  operations  based  upon  them.  He  made 
himself  the  great  artillerist  of  the  war.  If  not  also  the  fore- 
most engineer,  he  was  second  to  none,  and  in  the  boldness 
and  originality  of  his  operations  against  Wagner,  he  sur- 
passed any  similar  achievements,  not  only  in  this,  but  in  any 
war;  so  that  now  ....  when  men  speak  of  great  living 
engineers,  they  think  as  naturally  of  Gillmore  in  the  new 
world,  as  of  Todleben  in  the  old. 

In  appearance  General  Gillmore  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
officers  in  the  army.  He  is  above  the  medium  height  and 
compactly  built.  In  society  he  is  found  to  be  refined  and 
accomplished.  In  common  with  most  of  the  army  officers, 
he  is  a conservative  in  politics.  Since  the  close  of  the  war 
he  has  been  constantly  employed  in  the  engineer  service, 
and  his  head-quarters  at  present  are  in  New  York,  where 
he  has  charge  of  a large  amount  of  important  work,  includ- 
ing  the  construction  of  forts  and  batteries,  and  the  testing  of 
metals  submitted  to  a board  of  examiners  of  which  he  is  a 
member. 

ALM,  JEFFERSON,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Novem- 
ber 22d,  1821,  in  Cufnberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  is  a son  of  Adam  and  Nancy  (Askew) 
Palm.  The  founder  of  the  family  in  America- 
was  John  Palm,  who  emigrated  from  Germany  in 
1760,  and  settled  in  New  Jersey.  While  Jefferson 
was  but  an  infant  his  father  removed  to  Ohio  in  1822,  and 
settled  in  Trumbull  county.  He  there  attended  the  common 


5i8 


BIOGRAPHICAI,  EXCVCLOIVBlJl  A. 


school  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  law  with  William  L.  McKnight,  of 
Warren,  and  finished  his  readings  with  John  M.  Edwaids. 
lie  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Warren  in  1851, 
and  held  the  office  for  nine  successive  years,  terminating  in 
i860.  In  1863  he  was  again  elected  to  that  position  for  a 
term  of  three  years.  In  1862  he  commenced  the  publica- 
tion of  the  IVarren  Constitution,  which  he  edited  for  five 
years,  and  then  disposed  of  it  to  Judge  Birchard.  lie  was 
commissioned  Postmaster  of  Warren  by  President  Johnson, 
and  served  in  that  position  during  his  administration.  He 
is  now  in  the  enjoyment  of  a good  legal  practice. 


ECK,  JOHN  CRAFTON,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was 
born  in  Vienna,  Scott  county,  Indiana,  January 
19th,  1822.  Idis  father,  Samuel  Beck,  was  third 
in  descent  from  the  emigrant,  James  Beck,  first 
surveyor  of  Prince  George  county,  Maryland. 
James  Beck  was  cousin  to  John  Beck,  once  gov- 
ernor  of  Luxemburg.  This  family  is  traceable  down  to  the 
mailed  horseman  of  the  same  name  who  joined  the  fortunes 
of  Coeur-de-Lion  in  the  Crusades.  Dr.  Beck  began  the 
study  of  medicine  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  having  until  this 
time  worked  on  the  farm  and  in  the  carpenter’s  trade. 
He  commenced  practice  before  reaching  his  majority  in 
Azalia,  Bartholomew  county,  Indiana;  entered  the  Medi- 
cal College  of  Old),  at  Cincinnati,  in  1848,  and  graduated 
in  the  spring  of  1849,  previous  four  years’  practice  en- 
abling him  to  dispense  with  one  course  of  lectures.  In  1847, 
before  entering  the  medical  college,  he  was  married  to 
Vashti  Davis,  daughter  of  Ransom  Davis,  of  New’.nirn,  In- 
diana. After  graduating.  Dr.  Beck  located  in  Cadiz,  Henry 
county,  of  the  same  State,  where  he  soon  made  a large  and 
profitable  practice.  In  1858  he  accepted  the  Professorship 
of  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Med- 
icine and  Surgery,  and  was  afterwards  elected  by  the  Board 
of  Trustees  to  fill  the  Chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in 
the  same  institution.  This  position  he  resigned  about  the 
beginning  of  the  rebellion  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
Surgeon  in  the  army.  In  1862  he  h.id  the  pleasure,  though 
a noncombatant,  of  encountering  and  capturing,  near  Mur- 
freesboro’, Tennessee,  the  rebel  Captain  Charles  M.  Beck- 
with. He  served  in  various  regiments,  as  .Surgeon  in  the 
field,  until  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the  war  he  opened 
his  office  in  Newport,  Kentucky.  At  this  time  he  served 
two  years  as  President  of  the  Newport  Board  of  Education. 
During  his  residence  in  Newport,  Dr.  Beck  made  three 
unsuccessful  races,  as  the  candidate  of  his  party,  for  the 
Legi.-.lalure.  In  1870  he  again  returned  to  Cincinnati, 
where  he  has  since  devoted  himself  solely  to  his  profession. 
He  is  in  the  prime  of  life  and  possessed  of  a vigorous  ci  n- 
stitution,  and,  unlike  too  many  in  his  noble  profession,  is  a 
close  student,  keeping  fully  up  with  the  medical  literature 


of  the  day,  to  which  he  is  frequently  a contributor.  For 
several  years  he  edited,  with  recognized  ability,  the  Cincin- 
nati Medical  and  Surgical  A'etos,  and  h,as  just  published  his 
“ Notes  on  the  Early  Settlement  and  History  of  Bartholo- 
mew County,  Indiana.”  He  is  a Royal  Arch  Mason;  also 
a member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and 
was  originally  a member  of  the  Christian  or  Disciples’ 
Church,  preaching  as  an  evangelist  in  that  church,  until  in 
the  early  days  of  his  settlement  in  Cincinn.ati,  when  he  be- 
came a convert  to  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  entered 
that  church. 


ICKINSON,  HON.  EDWARD  F.,  Lawyer,  son 
of  Hon.  Rudolphus  Dickinson,  w'as  born  at  Fre- 
mont, Ohio,  January  21st,  1829,  graduated  at  St. 
Xavier  College,  Cincinnati,  and  read  law  with 
Hon.  L.  B.  Otis.  He  w'as  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1850.  He  W'as  for  two  terms  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney for  .Sandusky  county.  He  was  a Delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional Democratic  Convention,  which  met  first  at  Charleston 
and  then  at  Baltimore,  in  i860.  He  served  for  three  years 
as  I'irsl  Lieutenant  and  Regimental  Quartermaster  of  the 
8th  Ohio  Infantry  in  the  late  war.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Probate  Court  of  Sandusky  county.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Forty  first  Congress,  in  1868,  from  the  Ninth 
Ohio  district,  composed  of  Erie,  Huron,  Ottawa,  Sandusky, 
■Seneca,  and  Crawford  counties.  In  1871  he  w’as  elected 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Fremont,  being  re-elected  in  1873  and 
1875.  On  the  I2th  of  September,  1852,  Mr.  Dickinson 
married  Henrietta  R.  Mitchener,  daughter  of  Rhyner 
Mitchener,  late  of  Philadelphia. 


RIGHT,  'rHOM.\S,  M.  D.,  w'as  born  in  March, 
C J I I *797’  county  Tyrone,  province  of  Ulster,  north 
(■  I J;  I of  Ireland.  He  was  the  youngest  of  seven  chil- 
r. dren,  named  as  follows:  Jane,  who  died  of 
^ dropsy;  Robert,  who  w'as  killed  on  the  plains  of 

Albuora,  in  .Spain  ; John,  who  died  in  Vermont ; 
Quintin,who  died  on  the  old  homestead;  George,  who  died 
in  Craftshury,  Vermont;  Alexander,  who  died  in  Barton, 
Vermont ; Nancy,  who  died  in  Rochester,  New'  Vork  ; and 
Thomas,  the  only  living  representative  of  the  family.  Both 
his  parents  w'ere  natives  of  Ireland.  His  father,  John 
Wright,  being  of  English,  and  his  mother  (maiden  name, 
Elizabeth  Lee)  of  Scotch  extraction.  His  father  followed 
through  life  the  occupation  of  a farmer  and  lived  in  com- 
fortable circumstances,  so  that  he  was  enabled  to  give  his 
son  a very  complete  and  liberal  education.  In  the  fall  of 
1812  Thomas  went  to  the  Apothecary’s  Hall,  in  Dublin, 
j and  passed  an  examination  in  Greek  and  Latin  previous  to 
I his  entering  college.  November,  1813,  he  entered  the  cele- 
1 brated  University  of  Glasgow,  Scotlaml,  filling  the  following 


BIOGKArillCAL  ENX’VCLOIVEIJIA. 


519 


classes  : anatomy,  under  Dr.  Jeffries  ; surgery,  also  obstetrics, 
under  Dr.  Towers  ; chemistry,  under  Dr.  Cleghorm  ; also 
the  dissecting-room.  In  April  he  returned  home,  and 
through  his  father’s  influence,  the  Earl  of  Caledon  had  him 
appointed  assistant  to  Dr.  John  Crozier,  who  was  then  phy- 
sician to  three  dispensaries,  one  in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  one 
in  county  .Armagh,  and  the  third  in  the  county  of  Monahan. 
The  counties  cornered,  and  were  three  miles  apart;  each 
was  open  two  days  in  the  week,  and  so  the  whole  week 
was  occupied.  He  continued  in  this  position  until  the  fall 
of  1S17,  when  he  returned  to  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
filling  the  following  classes;  theory  and  practice,  under  Dr. 
Fruier;  chemistry,  under  Dr.  Thompson  ; materia  medica, 
under  Dr.  Miller;  anatomy,  under  Dr.  Jeffries;  surgery, 
under  Dr.  John  Burns  (brother  of  the  famous  Allen  Burns, 
who  has  written  on  obstetrics).  This  session  he  attended 
the  Hospital  and  Lying-in  Infirmary,  consequently  he  pos- 
sessed all  the  tickets  entitling  him  to  a diploma  of  Bachelor 
of  Surgery.  Dr.  Crozier  was  dismissed  by  favorites  of  the 
managers,  consequently  Dr.  Wright  lost  his  place.  In  1815 
-16  the  army  was  reduced,  and  the  army  surgeons  sent  home 
on  half  pay;  no  young  man  could  compete  with  them.  He 
then  resolved  to  visit  America,  and  engaged  with  the  ship 
“ Prince,”  of  Waterloo,  in  the  spring  of  1820,  as  Surgeon, 
going  out  to  Quebec  from  Belfast,  with  three  hundred  pas- 
sengers (at  that  time  no  vessel  with  passengers  could  sail 
for  America  without  an  approved  surgeon).  From  Quebec 
he  proceeded  up  the  St.  Lawrence  river  to  Montreal,  and 
from  there  to  Burlington,  Vermont,  whence  he  went  to  the 
town  of  Craftsbury,  Orleans  county,  where  he  had  three 
brothers  living.  He  resided  in  Vermont  until,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  severe  winters,  he  resolved  to  remove  West. 
Accordingly,  in  1823,  he  moved  to  Ohio,  settling  in  Read- 
ing, Hamilton  county,  of  that  .State.  He  remained  there 
until  he  contracted  an  intermittent  fever,  caused  by  the  ma- 
laria arising  from  the  creeks,  and  in  order  to  regain  his 
health  he  resolved  to  visit  his  father-in-law’s  place  in  Ver- 
mont. He  stayed  in  Vermont  until  his  health  was  restored, 
and  then  started  for  the  West.  During  his  journey  he  pur- 
cha.sed  a place  in  the  Western  Reserve,  and  stayed  there 
three  years,  in  which  time  he  established  a large  practice. 
But  receiving  many  written  invitations  to  return  to  Cincin- 
nati, he  concluded  to  do  so,  and  accordingly  started  for  that 
place  in  1832.  During  this  last  Journey  he  lost  all  his 
valuable  papers  and  books,  which  he  had  brought  with  him 
from  Europe.  Politically  he  is  a staunch  Jackson  Demo- 
crat, and  entered  the  Legislature  as  such,  but  finding  the 
Democracy  there,  with  the  exception  of  about  thirty,  were 
Calhoun  men,  and  thinking  that  Abraham  Lincoln  and 
Stonewall  Jackson  were  both  Democrats,  he  voted  for  Lin- 
coln, and  is  now  a staunch  Union  man.  He  asserts  that  the 
Democrats  now  are  all  Calhoun  men,  who  believe  that  each 
individual  State  has  a right  to  secede,  and  he  utterly  abhors 
such  a theory.  As  to  religion,  he  is  a Protestant,  and  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  Disciples.  He  was  married 


during  his  residence  in  Craftsbury,  Vermont,  to  Sophie 
Huntington,  daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  Huntington,  of 
that  place.  She  died  in  the  year  1S69,  leaving  six  chil- 
dren. Of  these,  Noah  D.  Wright,  the  eldest,  is  an  en- 
gineer. Thomas,  tiie  second  son,  is  now  practising  medi- 
cine in  Beliefontaine.  Elizabeth,  the  third  child,  is  married 
to  a citizen  of  Chicago.  Sophie  Wright  Williams  (deceased) 
was  the  fourth  child.  Samuel,  the  fifth  child,  is  a lawyer  in 
Nevada.  The  sixth  child  is  named  Mary.  John,  the 
seventh,  is  a lianker  in  Cincinnati.  Thomas  Wright  lias  a 
degree  from  the  Miami  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati,  and 
is  a member  of  the  Eighteenth  Medical  District,  of  Warren, 
Trumbull  county,  Ohio. 

LLISON,  RICHARD,  M.  D.,  the  first  Physician 
to  practise  in  Cincimiati,  was  born  near  Goshen, 
New  York,  in  1757.  He  was  not  a graduate  in 
medicine,  but  was  a Surgeon’s  Mate  in  the  army 
of  the  Revolution.  He  must  have  acquired  con- 
siderable knowledge  of  medicine,  and  especially 
of  surgery,  however,  for  he  was  afterwards  Surgeon-General 
in  the  Indian  campaigns  of  Harmer,  St.  Clair,  and  Wayne, 
and  in  this  important  position  acquitted  himself  with  marked 
acceptability.  At  St.  Clair’s  defeat  he  narrowly  escaped 
death.-  He  eventually  resigned,  and  commenced  private 
practice  in  Cincinnati,  and,  considering  the  comparatively 
insignificant  proportions  and  population  of  the  city  at  that 
period,  secured  a considerable  practice,  increasing  it  steadily 
year  by  year.  He  lived  in  Cincinnati  and  vicinity  more 
than  a quarter  of  a century,  and  died  there,  March  22d, 
1816.  There  was  nothing  remarkalile  about  him,  except 
that  he  was  the  first  physician  to  practise  in  Cincinnati, 
and  the  first  to  die  within  its  limits.  At  death  he  be- 
queathed no  records  to  his  brethren,  but  one  of  them,  an 
eminent  writer,  describes  him  as  ” the  father  of  the  pro- 
fession in  Cincinnati.” 


’HOMMEDIEU,  STEPHEN  S.,  late  Editor,  Pub- 
lisher, and  Railroad  President,  was  born,  January 
5th,  1806,  at  Sag  Harbor,  Long  Island,  New 
York,  and  was  a son  of  Captain  Charles  L’Hom- 
medieu,  formerly  of  that  place.  He  was  of 
Huguenot  descent,  his  ancestors  having  fled  from 
France  after  the  siege  of  La  Rochelle  and  settled  in 
America.  When  he  was  four  years  of  age  he  acccompanied 
his  father,  who  removed  to  Cincinnati,  at  that  time  (iSio) 
but  a small  village  of  a few  hundred  inhabitants.  His 
father  eng.aged  in  the  mercantile  liusiness  and  also  in  manu- 
facturing, which  he  carried  on  for  three  years,  and  died  in 
1813,  leaving  five  children.  Previous  to  his  death  he  had 
purchased  the  land  now  bounded  by  Central  avenue.  Mound, 
George  and  Seventh  streets,  for  pasturage  and  other  purposes. 
It  was  then  somewhat  remote  from  the  village,  but  is  now 


$20 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOF.-EDIA. 


the  centre  of  a great  city.  This  property  was  kept  intact, 
and  divided  between  the  live  children.  In  iSiS  Stephen  S. 
L' Hommedieu,  being  now  twelve  years  old,  wa.s  placed  in 
a store  with  his  uncle,  John  C.  Avery,  and  three  years  after 
he  changed  to  the  Liberty  Hall,  where  the  Cincinnati  Gazette 
was  published.  At  that  period  the  paper  was  a semi-weekly, 
and  dependent  upon  the  government  patronage  for  the  post- 
office  and  other  official  advertising ; moreover,  the  paper  wa.s 
“ Federal  ” in  its  political  leanings.  In  the  course  of  years 
it  so  continued  under  the  able  management  of  Charles  Ham- 
mond, its  editor,  who  had  conducted  the  Gazette  for  some 
years  previous.  In  1S28  General  Andrew  Jackson  was 
elected  by  the  popular  vote  President  of  the  United  .States, 
and  the  publishers  of  the  paper  having  consulted  with  the 
editor,  it  was  determined  to  make  the  Gazette  in  every  re- 
spect an  independent  paper — not,  however,  what  is  now  un- 
derstood as  neutral  in  jrolitics — believing  that  that  course 
would  bring  a better  reward  than  all  the  patronage  the  gov- 
ernment had  to  bestow.  The  result  showed  the  wisdom  of 
taking  such  an  independent  position.  In  1829  the  firm  of 
L’ Hommedieu,  Morgan  & Fi.dier  issued  the  Gazette  as  a 
daily  paper,  commencing  with  only  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  subscribers,  but  few  of  whom  are  now  living.  It  was 
the  first  daily  paper  published  west  of  the  Allegheny  moun- 
tains or  the  great  valley  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi — with 
the  exception  of  a small  sheet  that  had  been  issued  by  S.  .S. 
Brooks  the  year  previous  and  had  only  survived  but  a few 
weeks.  The  reputation  of  the  Gazette  from  1827  to  1840, 
under  the  principal  editorial  management  of  Charles  Ham- 
mond, is  well  known  to  the  public.  In  1848  .Stephen  S. 
LTIommedieu  closed  his  connection  with  the  Gazette,  after 
having  been  in  its  service  for  twenty-seven  years,  and  was 
soon  after  elected  President  of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad  Company.  This  corporation  had  been 
chartered  in  1S46,  with  a capital  of  only  $500,000.  He  re- 
mained as  the  executive  head  of  this  company  for  a period 
of  twenty-two  years,  when  he  resigned  his  position,  July  4th, 
1871.  A few  days  thereafter,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  he 
sailed  for  Europe,  and  made  an  extended  tour  through  the 
various  countries,  and  also  visited  the  Holy  Land.  His 
political  faith  was  of  the  old-line  Whig  of  the  Henry  Clay 
school.  After  his  retirement  from  the  editorial  manage- 
ment and  the  publication  department  of  the  Cincinnati 
Gazette  he  held  aloof  from  politics;  in  fact,  he  never  sought 
an  office  of  any  description.  His  last  appearance  as  an 
actor  in  any  political  body  was  at  the  National  Convention 
of  1848,  at  Philadelphia,  when  General  Zachary  Taylor  was 
nominated  for  the  Presidency,  and  his  favorite — Henry  Clay 
— defeated.  After  the  dissolution  of  that  great  party  he 
acted  with  the  Reirublicans,  and  was  ever  zealous  in  main- 
taining the  honor  and  integrity  of  the  Union.  His  life  was 
one  of  usefulness  and  ceaseless  activity.  The  period  during 
which  he  achieved  his  greatest  success  was  marked  with  un- 
paralleled progress.  The  changes  that  took  place  during 
his  recollection  were  wonderful  to  contemplate ; and  he  con- 


tributed largely  to  the  building  up  and  the  extension  of 
Cincinnati  from  the  little  village  of  a few  hundred  inhabi- 
tants to  the  great  city  of  over  three  hundred  thousand  souls. 
He  united  great  physical  strength  with  mental  activity, 
laboring  industriously  in  the  enterprises  of  a useful  and 
honorable  life.  He  married  in  1830  a daughter  of  Charles 
Hammond,  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  famous  of  Cincin- 
nati journalists,  With  her  he  lived  forty-five  years,  and 
twelve  children  blessed  this  union.  He  died.  May  25th, 
1875,  at  West  Point,  New  York,  sincerely  mourned  by  his 
townsmen  and  numerous  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 


NGALLS,  HON.  MELVILLE  EZRA,  President 
of  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  & I.afayette  Rail- 
road Company,  was  born  in  Harrison,  Maine, 
September  6lh,  1842.  Like  the  majority  of  the 
boys  of  New  England,  and  especially  of  Maine, 
his  education  was  commenced  in  the  common 
schools,  which  he  attended  during  the  long  cold  winters, 
while  in  the  summer  time  he  learned  to  work  on  a farm. 
This  most  excellent  training  for  boys  gave  him  in  early  life 
a remarkably  vigorous  constitution  both  physically  and  men- 
tally. When  a mere  youth  he  presented  himself  to  the 
superintending  School  Committee  of  his  town,  and  on  an 
examination  received  a certificate  as  teacher.  He  at  once 
assumed  the  arduous  and  important,  though  rarely  appre- 
ciated, duties  of  the  schoolmaster,  which  he  continued  to 
discharge  faithfully  each  winter  for  about  six  years.  In  the 
meantime  he  fitted  for  college  by  graduating  from  Bridgeton 
Academy.  He  entered  Bowdoin  College,  but,  preferring 
to  commence  his  professional  studies,  did  not  remain  to 
graduate,  but  became  a .student  in  the  Harvard  Law  School, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1863.  Early  in  1864  he  re- 
turned to  the  State  of  Maine  and  opened  his  taw  office  in 
the  town  of  Gray,  having  been  admitted  to  practise  at  the 
bar  of  Cumberland  county.  At  a later  period  of  the  same 
year  he  removed  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  a Senator  of  the  .Sixth  Massachusetts  Senatorial 
District,  and  served  one  year,  declining  a re  election  which 
was  urged  upon  him.  With  his  popularity  in  the  Senate 
his  professional  work  increased  so  rapidly  that  he  enjoyed 
a very  large  and  profitable  business  until  1871,  when  he 
left  the  law  and  politics  and  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
to  accept  the  receivership,  and  subsequent  presidency,  of 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  & Lafayette  Railroad.  It  was 
an  empty  honor,  however,  as  the  company  had  failed  and 
was  soon  forced  into  bankruptcy.  Mr.  Ingalls  obtained 
money  of  the  stockholders  by  voluntary  subscriptions  and 
paid  off  the  debts,  and  procured  the  release  of  the  railroad 
from  litigation  and  the  hands  of  the  court  in  July,  1873,-and 
immediately  upon  the  reorganization  of  the  company  was 
elected  President,  which  office  he  continues  to  hold  to  the 


a I 


^OlciXyPuh  Co  " 


•V 

t ' * 

« Ks'*  i 


I •’* 


•f^‘A‘. 


Aii'.f. 


BIOGUAPHICAL  ENX'VCLOIVEDIA. 


521 


entire  sntisfaction  of  the  stockholders.  lie  has  devoted 
Ids  undivided  time  to  acquiring  a thorough  knowledge 
of  railroading  in  all  its  details;  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati & Lafayette  Railroad  under  his  management  has 
been  entirely  reorganized  and  its  works  placed  in  first-class 
condition.  He  has  shown  remarkable  e.xecutive  capacity 
and  foresight.  He  is  characterized  by  quick  perception, 
acute,  penetrative  and  great  intellectual  powers.  With  a 
sanguine  and  enthusiastic  temperament  and  a willingness  to 
take  his  full  share  of  labor,  he  has  infused  his  own  spirit 
into  the  entire  working  force  of  the  road  until  it  has  become 
one  of  the  best  managed  railroads  in  the  West.  He  is  al- 
ways accessible  to  the  humblest  employe  of  the  road,  and 
promptly  investigates  every  grievance  presented  to  him. 
His  remarkable  energy,  power  of  organization  and  ceaseless 
activity,  have  been  of  invaluable  service  to  the  Indianapolis, 
Cincinnati  & Lafayette  Railroad,  and  have  placed  him  in 
the  first  rank  of  the  leading  railroad  men  of  this  country. 
He  was  married  to  Abbie  M.  Stimson,  of  Gray,  Maine,  on 
January  19th,  1867. 


V/flll  AXWEI.L,  SIDNEY  DENISE,  Superintendent 
'■'IT  I Merchants’  Exchange,  Cincinnati,  was 

I I born,  December  23d,  1831,  in  Centreville,  Mont- 
gomery  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  son  of  Nathaniel 
j Van  and  Eleanor  (Denise)  Maxwell,  who  were 
born  in  the  same  county  and  State.  Sidney  first 
attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  village,  and  sub- 
sequently the  select  schools  and  academy,  for  which  that 
place  was  at  one  time  noted.  His  father  commenced  mer- 
cantile life  in  1842,  and  his  son’s  educational  course  was 
interspersed  with  a practical  business  training  in  his  father’s 
store,  which  doubtless  did  much  to  mould  his  future  course 
and  prepare  him  for  the  w ider  field  to  which  he  was  to  be 
subsequently  called.  Prior  to  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he 
determined  to  study  law,  and  accordingly  placed  himself 
under  the  instruction  of  Hon.  Lewis  B.  Cunckel  and 
Colonel  Hiram  Strong,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  spent  a por- 
tion of  his  time  in  their  office  to  obtain  a knowledge  of  the 
practical  duties  of  the  jrrofession.  Through  a recom- 
mendation of  Mr.  Gunckel,  Colonel  Maxwell  was  offered 
by  M.  D.  Potter,  the  proprietor  of  the  Cincinnati  Com- 
/uercial,  the  position  of  correspondent  of  that  paper  in 
the  Army  of  Central  Virginia,  then  commanded  by  General 
Fremont.  In  May,  1861,  he  joined  the  forces  of  Fremont, 
lying  at  Franklin,  Virginia,  and  followed  the  fortune*  of 
that  army  through  its  various  vicissitudes.  Earlv  the  fol- 
lowing spring  he  was  sent  by  the  same  paper  to  Kentucky, 
and  remained  with  the  command  of  General  S.  P.  Carter  in 
their  advance  upon  Tennessee.  Eater  in  the  summer  he 
attached  himself  to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  returning 
after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  His  return  to  Ohio  at  this 
time  led  to  his  election,  in  January,  1864,  to  the  Second 
66 


Assistant  Clerkship  of  the  Senate  of  Ohio.  During  his  in- 
tervals at  home  he  used  his  personal  influence  largely  in 
Montgomery  county  for  the  organization  of  the  National 
Guards.  The  call  came  in  May,  1864,  fi-nding  him  a pri- 
vate in  the  12th  Regiment,  and  subsequently,  Iry  consolida- 
tion, in  the  131st  Regiment,  under  Colonel  John  G.  Lowe. 
He  was  detailed  as  Sergeant-Major  at  Federal  Hill,  Balti- 
more, in  1864,  and  was  at  a later  period  detailed  for  more 
responsible  duties  in  connection  with  Camp  Distribution  at 
Baltimore,  by  General  Wallace,  then  in  command  of  that 
department,  from  which  he  requested  to  be  relieved,  pre- 
ferring to  remain  with  the  men  whose  enlistment  he  had 
been  instrumental  in  securing.  In  August,  1864,  he  was 
appointed  the  Aide-de-Camp,  etc.,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel, 
to  John  Brough,  Governor  of  Ohio,  at  once  entering  upon 
the  duties  of  that  office,  and  remaining  with  the  Governor 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  office.  He  continued  the  same  relation  with  Gov- 
ernor Charles  Anderson,  who  filled  the  unexpired  term  of 
Governor  Brough.  After  the  conclusion  of  the  war  Colonel 
Maxwell  again  turned  bis  attention  to  the  law,  and  while 
engaged  in  arranging  for  his  admission  and  practice  at 
Dayton  he  received  a letter  from  Richard  Smith,  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  asking  him  to  come  to  Cincinnati 
for  an  interview,  which  proved  to  be  for  the  purpose  of 
offering  him  a place  on  that  paper.  This  was  accepted,  and 
he  became  the  Assistant  City  Editor  in  March,  1868.  In 
February,  1870,  he  also  became  the  Cincinnati  agent  for 
the  Western  Associated  Press,  discharging  the  duties  of 
this  as  well  as  those  upon  the  paper.  Later,  without  his 
knowledge,  he  was  elected  to  the  agency  of  the  Western 
Associated  Press,  at  New  York  city.  This  offered  him  a 
wider  new.spaper  field  and  much  larger  pecuniary  induce- 
ments ; but  having  decided  to  make  Cincinnati  his  home 
he  declined  the  proposition.  On  the  28th  day  of  October, 
1871,  he  was  elected  by  the  Board  of  Officers  in  the  Cin- 
cinnati Chamber  of  Commerce  to  the  position  of  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Merchants’  Exchange,  and  on  the  1st  day 
of  November  following  assumed  the  duties  of  that  office, 
becoming  the  successor  of  William  Smith,  Esq.,  who,  after 
a long  and  honorable  service,  had  resigned  that  office. 
Colonel  Maxwell  retired  from  the  Gazette,  \m\.  continued  his 
connection  with  the  Western  Associaled  Press  until  January, 
1874,  when  he  resigned  that  position,  and  has  since  devoted 
his  attention  solely  to  the  duties  of  his  office.  He  has 
charge,  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Officers,  of  the 
affairs  of  the  Merchants’  Exchange,  and  is  the  Statistical 
Officer  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  His  reports  of  the 
trade  and  commerce  of  Cincinnati  and  of  the  pork-packing 
of  the  country  are  well  and  favorably  known  throughout 
this  and  other  countries.  In  politics  Colonel  Maxwell  has 
been  a Republican  from  the  organization  of  that  parly.  He 
united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  while  he  was  reading 
law,  and  still  retains  his  membership.  ("In  Wednesday,  June 
30th,  1875,  Colonel  Maxwell  w as  married  to  Isabella  Neff, 


522 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIL-EDIA. 


daughter  of  Colonel  Peter  Rudolph  Neff  and  granddaughter 
of  Peter  Neff,  whose  biography  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
work. 

TIEBEL,  HENRY  G.,  was  born,  March  12th, 
1825,  in  Homberg,  on  the  Ohm,  by  Gessen,  Ger- 
many. He  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  city,  and  subsequently  studied  surveying 
at  the  University  of  Giessen,  with  a view  to  fol- 
low it  as  a profession.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
years,  however,  he  entered  a mercantile  house  in  West- 
halpen,  where  he  remained  for  two  years  and  a half,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  concluded  to  try  his  fortune  in 
America.  Accordingly,  in  the  early  spring  of  1845,  he  set 
out  to  take  ship  at  Bremen.  Arriving  at  that  city  he  found 
tlie  port  blockaded  by  ice,  vessels  were  unable  to  go  out, 
and  he  was  compelled  to  pass  six  months  in  Bremen. 
During  his  sojourn  here  the  blockade  was  broken,  the 
entire  city  was  inundated,  and  the  young  emigrant  lost  all 
of  his  personal  effects,  including  his  clothing,  barely  escap- 
ing with  his  life.  The  blockade  having  been  removed,  he 
set  sail  for  America,  arriving  in  due  time  at  New  York. 
A stranger  in  a strange  land,  without  friends  or  money,  and 
unacquainted  with  the  language  of  the  country,  he  felt  him- 
self alone,  with  no  arm  but  his  own  to  lean  upon.  With  a 
stout  heart  and  a determined  spirit,  he  set  out  to  look  for 
something  by  which  he  could  earn  a dollar.  Chance  threw 
in  his  way  a young  man  whom  he  had  known  seven  years 
before  in  Europe.  From  him  young  Stiebel  obtained  a loan 
of  one  dollar  and  a half.  This  he  invested  in  half  a dozen 
pairs  of  suspenders,  selling  them  at  good  profit,  re-investing 
in  the  same  article,  and  again  disposing  of  his  stock  with 
profit.  He  continued  thus  for  about  four  months,  realizing 
a snug  sum,  with  which  he  purchased  notions,  and  started 
out  to  peddle  his  wares  through  the  country.  This  did  not 
suit  him,  and  he  resolved  to  conduct  business  on  a different 
scale.  He  purchased  a stock  of  fine  dry  goods  and  shipped 
them  to  New  Town,  Georgia,  where  he  opened  a store,  and 
did  a good  business  for  one  year  and  a half.  At  the  end 
of  this  time  he  disposed  of  his  business,  and  accepted  an 
invitation  to  join  his  brother-in-law  in  Pennsylvania,  the 
latter  having  come  to  this  country  and  settled  in  that  State. 
Mr.  Stiebel  purchased  a stock  of  groceries  and  joined  his 
brother-in-law  in  that  business.  He  remained  here  one 
year,  when  he  removed  to  Cooper’s  P'urnace,  near  Philips- 
burg,  New  Jersey,  where  he  conducted  a successful  busi- 
ness in  a general  country  store,  for  nearly  three  years.  He 
then  purchased  the  patent  right  for  a street  sweeper.  With 
this  he  went  to  Cincinnati  and  obtained  a contract  to  keep 
the  streets  of  the  city  clean.  He  had  a similar  contract 
with  the  city  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  which  he  abandoned, 
in  order  to  devote  the  whole  of  his  attention  to  business  in 
Cincinnati.  Unfortunately  for  Mr.  Stiebel,  about  the  time 
that  success  seemed  certain,  the  Know-Nothing  excitement 


broke  out,  and,  the  city  government  being  in  the  hands  of 
that  party,  the  result  operated  against  Mr.  Stiebel,  because 
of  his  foreign  birth.  Being  already  weakened  by  losses  in 
Louisville,  and  the  failure  of  the  parties  with  whom  he  was 
connected  in  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Stiebel  was  compelled  to 
give  up  his  contract  in  Cincinnati.  This  involved  the  loss 
of  the  greater  part  of  his  investment.  By  this  time,  how- 
ever, he  had  made  many  friends,  who  came  to  his  assistance 
and  enabled  him  to  meet  all  his  engagements,  including 
large  amounts  contracted  by  the  company  in  Philadelphia. 
Mr.  Stiebel’s  next  contract  in  Cincinnati  was  for  sprinkling 
the  streets,  commencing  with  a one-horse  cart  and  a box- 
tank,  which  business  increased  from  year  to  year  until  1872, 
when,  after  experimenting  for  five  or  six  years,  he  patented 
a sprinkling  apparatus,  now  in  successful  operation  in  Cin- 
cinnati and  St.  Louis.  This  sprinkler  consists  of  a horizon- 
tal tank,  larger  in  the  rear  in  order  to  keep  up  the  pressure 
as  the  water  recedes.  The  driver’s  seat  is  placed  on  top 
to  guard  against  approaching  danger.  On  the  top  and  in 
the  centre  of  the  tank  is  a turret  to  prevent  the  water  from 
running  over  when  the  wagon  is  in  motion.  On  the  side, 
about  eighteen  inches  from  the  bottom,  is  a check  valve,  by 
which  the  tank  is  filled,  obviating  the  necessity  of  the  driver 
climbing  on  top.  The  running  gear  is  so  constructed  that 
the  wagon  will  turn  on  the  ground  upon  which  it  stands. 
From  the  small  beginning  which  we  have  related,  Mr. 
Stiebel  has  established  a business  which,  in  magnitude,  is 
second  to  none  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  At  this  time  he 
has  in  operation,  in  Cincinnati  alone,  no  less  than  eighteen 
of  his  large  wagons,  requiring  nearly  forty  head  of  horses  to 
run.  Besides  these,  he  has  just  concluded  a contract  with 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  which,  when  in  full  working  order, 
will  require  about  fifty  wagons,  with  one  hundred  horses. 
In  addition  to  his  sprinkling  business,  Mr.  Stiebel  runs  a 
line  of  drays  requiring  as  many  horses  as  he  has  employed 
in  his  other  interests.  December  25111,  1849,  Stiebel 
married  Jennett  Schuler.  To  this  union  have  been  born 
six  children,  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  living. 


ALONE,  EDWARD,  Architect  and  Builder,  was 
born,  P’ebruary  1st,  1825,  in  Kings  county,  Ire- 
land. He  labored  on  his  parent’s  farm  until  he 
attained  his  majority,  and  then  became  interested 
in  sheep  dealing,  and  also  followed  the  trade  of  a 
carpenter,  until  1850,  when  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States.  He  worked  in  Philadelphia  for  about  a 
year,  and  then  removed  to  Toledo.  When  he  reached  that 
city  he  was  without  any  capital  whatever,  nor  was  he  ac- 
quainted with  a single  individual ; hut  being  possessed  of 
industry,  energy,  and  a practical  knowledge  of  his  business 
as  a carpenter,  builder,  and  architect,  he  at  once  made 
manifest  his  capabilities  in  designing  and  erecting  some  of 
the  finest  business  blocks  and  private  residences  in  the  city. 


BIOG’RAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOP.^iDIA. 


523 


among  whicli  may  be  named  the  Boody  House,  Oliver 
House,  High  School,  etc.  While  at  work  on  the  Oliver 
House  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  the  late  Hon.  J.  C. 
Hall,  which  led  to  results  that  showed  the  wisdom  of  the 
latter,  as  well  as  the  practical  work  of  the  former.  This 
acquaintance  lasted  through  Mr.  Hall’s  life,  and,  it  may  be 
added,  that  the  trust  reposed  in  Etiward  Malone  by  his 
patron  received  the  indorsement  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Toledo.  His  talents  as  an  architect,  his  skill  as  a builder, 
and  his  workmanship,  are  all  meeting  with  the  success  that 
every  superior  mechanic  deserves.  He  was  elected  a 
Police  Commissioner  for  the  term  ending  April,  1869;  in 
the  following  May  he  was  chosen  a member  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  and  was  made  Chairman  of  the  same,  and 
was  also  a member  of  its  Building  Committee;  his  term  e.\- 
pired  in  April,  1872.  In  the  following  month  of  June,  he 
was  nominated  as  an  independent  candidate,  in  connection 
with  J.  R.  Freeman  and  Carl  Schon,  for  the  Board  of 
Water  Works,  and  was  elected  for  two  years ; and  upon  the 
e.xpiration  of  that  term  was  renominated  by  both  parties  and 
elected  for  the  term  of  three  years.  He  was  married,  No- 
vember 23d,  1853,  to  Eliza  Maden,  of  Banhew,  Kings 
county,  Ireland,  and  is  the  father  of  fifteen  children,  of 
whom  nine  are  now  living. 


RMSTRONG,  ELLIOTT  BRUCE,  Chairman  of 
the  Trustees  of  City  Water  W’orks,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Troy,  Miami  county,  Ohio, 
May  5th,  1822.  His  father,  Richard  Armstrong, 
was  an  old  and  influential  citizen,  and  published 
the  first  newspaper  in  that  place.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  in 
1840,  when  in  his  eighteenth  year,  he  located  in  the  city 
of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  engaged,  with  Chauncy  and  Leon- 
ard Humphreys,  then  doing  business  under  the  firm-name 
of  L.  Humphreys  & Co.,  to  learn  the  tinning  and  stove  busi- 
ness. He  continued  in  the  employ  of  this  house  for  ten 
years,  serving  them  in  the  capacities  of  apprentice,  journey- 
man, and  foreman.  In  1850  he  purchased  of  L.  Hum- 
phreys & Co.  their  stock  and  tools,  and  embarked  in  business 
for  himself,  a vocation  which  he  has  successfully  followed 
to  the  present  time,  having  had  several  partners.  He  is 
now  conducting  a leading  business  in  the  stove,  tinware, 
and  house  furnishing  goods,  under  the  firm-name  of  E.  B. 
Armstrong  & Co.  In  politics  he  is  of  the  old-school 
Democracy,  and  although  not  a politician  nor  office  seeker, 
yet  he  has  held  many  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  He 
was  a member  of  the  City  Council  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  for 
six  years,  as  a representative  of  the  Eighth  wanl,  and  dur- 
ing that  time  served  on  many  of  its  most  important  com- 
mittees, among  them  the  committee  on  water  supply,  of 
which  he  was  made  Chairman,  and  was  retained  in  that 
position  until,  ihiough  the  efficiency  of  that  committee,  the 


city  of  Columbus  obtained  its  present  effective  water-works. 
This  having  been  accomplished  he  retired  from  the  City 
Council,  but  was  soon  called  upon  by  the  votes  of  the  elec- 
tors of  the  city  to  fill  the  position  of  Trustee  of  Water  Works, 
which  place  he  now  holds,  having  the  honor  of  being  the 
President  of  the  Board.  He  is  a member  in  good  standing 
of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  has  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  oldest  member  of  Excelsior  Lodge, 
No.  145.  Deacon  Armstrong,  as  he  is  familiarly  known 
and  called,  is  a gentleman  of  integrity  in  all  his  transactions, 
genial  and  affable  to  his  companions.  He  manifests  a 
marked  love  and  veneration  for  the  trite  and  terse  sayings 
of  Shakespeare  and  Burns. 


O.STER,  WILI.IAM  IL,  Publisher  and  Paper 
Manufacturer,  was  born,  P'ebruary  4th,  1828,  in 
Warren  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  Charles 
P'oster,  a native  of  Cape  May,  New'  Jersey,  w'ho 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1823,  and  settled  near 
Lebanon,  in  Warren  county.  He  was  a lawyer 
by  jirofession,  but  devoted  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  to 
educational  interests.  William  was  liberally  educated,  first 
in  the.  common  schools,  and  subsequently  attended  the 
Oxford  University.  In  1846  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  in  the  office  of  his  brother.  Doctor  H.  C.  P'oster, 
then  located  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  after  pursuing  the 
usual  course  of  study  in  that  profe.ssion,  practised  for  two 
years.  On  the  expiration  of  that  period,  he  formed  an  en- 
gagement with  two  older  brothers,  Charles  and  James  P'os- 
ter, anrl  located  in  Cincinnati,  where  they  carried  on  the 
printing  press  and  type  business,  in  which  he  continued 
until  1858,  when  he  purchased  and  published  the  Brook- 
ville  American,  a journal  of  that  city;  and  under  his 
management  that  paper  became  an  ardent  supporter  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  for  President,  in  i860.  In  1862  he 
located  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  became  identified  with  the 
interests  and  publication  of  the  Ohio  Stale  Journal,  w'hich 
position  he  retained  until  December,  1865.  During  the 
time  of  his  connection  with  the  latter  paper,  he  established, 
October  ist,  1863,  upon  his  own  account,  the  Columbus 
Daily  Express,  an  evening  paper,  which  advocated  with 
great  earnestness  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  which 
w'as  then  in  progress.  It  w'as  a journal  conducted  with 
ability,  having  for  one  of  its  editors  the  venerable  William 
B.  Thrall,  since  deceased.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Brough  Sujierintendent  of  Public  Printing  for  the 
State,  which  position  he  held  for  a period  of  about  three 
years.  In  1866  he  associated  himself  w'ith  N.  1).  Perry, 
Hiram  G.  Andrews,  and  James  Andrews,  of  Delaware, 
Ohio,  under  the  firm-name  of  Andrews,  Perry  & Co., 
and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  pajier  at  the 
last  named  jtlace,  w'ilh  a paper  w arehouse  at  Colunduis,  now 
known  as  the  Columbus  Paper  Company,  and  which  is 


524 


HIOGRArillCAL  E^XVCLOPrEDIA. 


doing,  at  tlie  present  time,  an  extensive  and  successful  busi- 
ness. He  has  always  been  a man  of  strictly  temperate 
habits,  and  a warm  advocate  of  temperance.  In  1873  he 
was,  against  his  own  solicitation,  made  a candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio,  on  the  Prohibition  ticket,  and 
had  the  honor  of  receiving  nearly  eleven  thousand  votes,  a 
greater  number  than  was  given  to  any  other  candidate  on 
that  ticket.  He  is  a gentleman  of  firm  integrity  in  all 
transactions  with  his  fellow-men,  active  and  devoted  to 
business — a man  whose  kind  words  and  genial  affability 
endear  him  to  his  numerous  friends  and  acquaintances. 


r EITMANN,  JOHN  HENRY,  Lawyer  and  Mayor 
of  Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Heiligenfelde,  in 
the  province  of  Hanover,  Prussia,  on  September 
nth,  1842.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  country,  and  also  attended  a nor- 
mal school  held  at  Hanover,  to  prepare  himself 
as  a teacher.  This  being  accomplished,  he  devoted  two 
years  of  his  life  to  private  teaching  (a  system  of  education 
common  in  that  country),  and  three  years  more  in  the 
capacity  of  a public  teacher.  In  his  early  youth  he  formed  ; 
the  determination  to  select  either  England  or  the  United  j 
States  of  America  as  his  future  and  adopted  home,  and  in  i 
order  to  be  successful  in  this  undertaking,  he  applied  a good  ^ 
portion  of  his  time  diligently  to  the  study  and  mastery  of  j 
the  English  language.  This  having  been  accomplished,  in 
1866  he  came  to  this  country  and  located  in  the  city  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  as  teacher  in  the 
Ninth  School  District  for  the  period  of  two  years.  At  the 
end  of  this  time  he  located  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  ' 
devoted  the  first  three  years  of  his  residence  to  teaching  and  j 
acting  in  the  capacity  of  Principal  of  the  German  schools  | 
of  that  city.  In  the  meantime,  having  selected  the  profes- 
sion of  law  as  his  future  vocation,  he  had  applied  himself 
with  diligence  and  energy  to  its  study,  so  much  so,  that  in 
the  spring  of  1871  he  was  admitied  to  the  bar,  and  per- 
mitted to  practise  the  profession  of  his  choice.  In  politics 
be  is  a Democrat,  and  in  1873  he,  with  the  Hon.  George 
L.  Converse,  was  elected  to  represent  Franklin  county  in 
the  Sixty-first  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  which  position 
he  filled  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  his  constituents. 
In  the  spring  of  1875  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Columbus,  Ohio,  a position  that  he  fills  with  ability  and  in- 
tegrity, dispensing  justice  with  promptness  and  inqiartiality, 
protecting  virtue,  alleviating  misery,  and  punishing  vice. 
He  is  also  an  active  and  zealous  Mason  ; he  was  initiated, 
passed,  and  raised  to  the  degree  of  Master  Mason,  in 
Magnolia  Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  No.  20.  On 
the  organization  of  a German  lodge  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
(Humboldt  Lodge,  No.  456,)  he  was  one  of  the  charter 
members,  and  was  appointed,  by  the  Most  Worshipful 
Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio,  the  first  Senior 


Warden  of  that  lodge,  but  owing  to  his  superior  knowledge 
of  the  German  language,  it  was  imposed  upon  him  to  pre- 
side over  the  work  of  the  lodge  from  the  beginning;  he  has 
now  served  the  lodge  for  two  years  as  Worshipful  Master, 
and  devoted  much  time  to  the  perfect  translation  of  the 
English  ritual  into  the  German. 


j„EGHAN,  HON.  JOHN  J.,  was  born  in  Ireland, 
May  pih,  1845.  came  to  this  country  in 

1854  with  his  father  and  mother,  who  settled  in 
Cincinnati.  John  began  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Cincinnati,  but  was  obliged 
to  leave  at  the  age  of  thirteen  to  do  his  share 
toward  the  support  of  the  family.  He  first  went  to  work  in 
a tobacco  factory,  learning  a business  which  he  has  since 
followed.  Though  he  had  to  leave  school,  young  Geghan 
did  not  relinquish  the  idea  of  obtaining  a good  education. 
He  improved  his  leisure  hours  by  study,  and  gradually 
fitted  himself  for  the  position  he  has  since  been  called  to 
fill.  He  benefited  himself  gre.atly  by  attending  a commer- 
cial college  when  time  allowed.  He  worked  at  the  tobacco 
business  until  he  had  reached  his  nineteenth  year.  He 
then  organized  the  Tobacconists’  Association  of  Cincinnati, 
of  which  he  was  chosen  President.  This  action  displeased 
the  employers,  and  they  gave  young  Geghan  to  understand 
that  he  was  not  in  favor  with  them.  The  effect  of  this  dis- 
crimination was  to  move  Mr.  Geghan  to  go  into  business  on 
his  own  account.  Accordingly,  in  March  of  1865,  he  asso-" 
dated  himself  with  two  others,  and  formed  the  firm  of 
Geghan,  Porter  & McHugh,  for  the  manufacture  of  tobacco. 
In  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year,  he  bought  the  interests 
of  his  partners,  and  connected  himself  with  Joseph  Bras- 
hears,  under  the  firm-name  of  Geghan  & Brashears.  His 
partner  dying  in  May  of  1866,  Mr.  Geghan  disposed  of  his 
entire  interest  in  the  concern,  and  temporarily  turned  his 
attention  to  pursuits  of  a different  nature.  He  organized  a 
company  of  volunteers  for  the  Fenian  raid  on  Canada.  He 
was  elected  c.nptain  of  the  company,  and  took  part  in  the 
fights  at  Ridgway  and  h'ort  Erie.  He  returned  to  Cincin- 
nati at  the  close  of  the  demonstration,  having  lost  all  his 
means,  and  became  foreman  in  a leading  tobacco  factory. 
He  continued  to  be  employed  in  various  branches  of  the 
tobacco  business  until  1870,  when  he  formed  a partnership 
with  James  W.  Murphy,  and  established  the  Red  Cloud 
Tobacco  Works.  The  firm  of  Geghan  & Murphy  has  been 
successful.  It  was  not  long  after  the  beginning  before 
more  roomy  quarters  were  found  to  be  necessary,  and 
Messrs.  Geghan  & Murphy  moved  to  No.  54  East  Third 
street,  where  they  now  conduct  a large  and  growing  busi- 
ness. From  early  manhood  Mr.  C»eghan  has  been  active 
in  politics.  His  first  connection  was  with  the  Repub- 
lican party.  During  the  Grant  campaign  in  1868,  he  and 
the  Hon.  L W.  Fitzgerald  organized  the  Irish  Grant  8: 


LIOCRAPHICAL  EN’CYCLOP.EDIA. 


525 


Colfax  Club,  of  Cincinnati.  lie  was  among  the  originators 
of  the  Liberal  movement  in  Cincinnati,  and  helped  to 
organize  one  of  the  first  Greeley  clubs.  Mr.  Geghan  was 
President  of  the  Greeley  and  Brown  Club  of  the  Sixth 
Ward.  In  1873  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the  Ohio 
House  of  Representatives  by  the  Democratic  party,  since 
which  lime  he  has  taken  a prominent  and  leading  part  in 
the  work  of  the  Legislature,  and  has  kept  himself  constantly 
before  the  public.  Among  the  many  measures  introduced 
by  Mr.  Geghan  are  the  amendment  to  the  Adair  liquor  law, 
the  padrone  bill,  the  new  militia  law,  and  the  now  cele- 
brated Religious  Liberty  Bill,  known  as  Geghan’s  bill.  He 
is  a public-spirited  man,  active  in  the  promotion  of  every 
cause  which  commends  itself  to  his  good  judgment. 


OTT  WIFT,  ISAAC,  Physician,  was  born  in  Cornwall, 
Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  January  30th, 
1790.  He  was  the  youngest  son  and  fourth  of 
five  children  of  Dr.  Isaac  Swift,  who  served  as  a 
surgeon  in  the  revolutionary  army,  and  died  in 
1802.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
— a woman  of  most  estimable  qualities — died  about  six 
years  after  her  husband,  and  when  Isaac  was  in  his  eigh- 
teenth year.  The  son  resolved  to  adopt  his  father’s  profes- 
sion. He  entered  upon  a course  of  medical  reading,  and 
attended  lectures  in  New  York  city.  Having  finished  his 
course  he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  New  Jersey.  As  far 
back  as  Dr.  .Swift’s  early  manhood  the  East  was  thought  to 
be  overstocked  with  laborers  in  every  field,  and  the  fast- 
opening West  invited  young  ambition.  Dr.  Swift  deter- 
mined to  follow  the  tide  of  emigration  rolling  westward. 
Little  time  was  consumed  in  preparation.  His  interests  in 
New  Jersey  were  not  large.  He  had  only  to  saddle  his 
horse,  strap  on  his  personal  effects,  mount,  and  march.  Pie 
set  out  in  the  spring  of  1815.  Passing  through  Palmyra, 
Rochester,  Niagara  Falls,  and  Buffalo,  he  reached  Cleve- 
land City,  which  may  have  had  as  many  as  two  hundred 
inhabitants.  After  a short  rest  in  Cleveland  he  moved  on, 
bringing  up  in  the  village  of  Ravenna  in  June,  1815.  His 
object  in  calling  here  was  to  consult  one  Dr.  Carter,  whom 
he  had  known  in  Connecticut,  with  reference  to  locating 
permanently  in  New  Albany,  Indiana.  Upon  inquiry  he 
found  that  Dr.  Carter  had  returned  to  Connecticut.  Though 
weary  and  travel-worn  after  his  thousand  miles’  ride  on 
horseback,  he  would  still  have  pushed  on  had  not  his 
means  of  transportation  been  deranged.  In  swimming  the 
Grand  river,  at  Painesville,  Dr.  .Swift’s  horse  had  taken 
Cold,  and  by  the  time  he  reached  Ravenna  the  animal  stood 
in  pressing  need  of  lest  and  good  treatment.  So  it  came 
about  that  young  Dr.  Swift  was  obliged  to  stop  over  night 
in  Ravenna.  At  that  time  Salmon  Carter  was  building  a 
tavern  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Chestnut  streets,  where 
the  Empire  Building  now  stands.  Dr.  Swift  became  the 


guest  of  Salmon  Carter.  It  so  happened  that  the  good 
people  of  Ravenna  and  vicinity  were  suffering  much  from 
sickness,  and  before  the  doctor  had  been  many  hours  in 
town  he  received  a call.  He  suddenly  realized  that  he  had 
a good  practice  without  going  further.  He  remained  in 
Ravenna  until  death  removed  him  half  a century  later.  In 
1816  Dr.  Swift  formed  a partnership  for  five  years  with 
Seth  Day,  now  deceased.  They  bought  out  a store  kept 
by  one  Hazlipp,  and  added  medicines  to  the  stock.  Mr. 
Day  gave  his  attention  to  the  general  store  business,  and 
Dr.  Swift  continued  his  practice.  In  1S19  Mr.  Day  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  court  and  Recorder  of  the  county, 
and  in  the  following  year  the  partnership  was  dissolved. 
The  store  passed  again  into  Mr.  Hazlipp’s  hands,  and  Dr. 
Swift  retaineil  the  medicines,  continuing  the  drug  business 
for  a time  in  Hazlipp’s  store,  and  afterwards,  from  1822  to 
1825,  in  the  store  of  Cyrus  Prentiss,  upon  the  site  of  which 
now  stands  the  First  National  Bank.  In  1825  he  erected  a 
building  on  the  east  corner  of  his  Chestnut  street  lot,  and 
here  he  established  his  drug  store  permanently,  as  he  then 
thought.  But  Ravenna  grew  and  business  increased,  and 
in  1842  the  drug  store  was  moved  into  the  brick  building 
known  as  Swift’s  Block,  on  Main  street.  Then  followed  a 
partnership  with  the  late  Curtiss  Hatch,  which  continued 
until  1859,  when  Dr.  Swift  retired  from  active  business  and 
left  the  store  in  the  hands  of  his  son.  Dr.  Charles  E.  .Swift. 
In  1824  Dr.  Swift  was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  county, 
which  office  he  held  until  1832.  In  1846  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Legislature  to  be  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  of  Portage  county.  Dr.  Swift  discharged 
the  duties  of  this  position  for  five  years  with  intelligence 
and  dignity,  retiring  from  the  bench  when  the  associate 
judiciary  was  abolished  by  the  adoption  of  the  new  Consti- 
tution. For  some  time  after  Dr.  Swift  settled  in  Ravenna 
there  was  no  church,  no  regular  preaching,  and  but  three 
church  members  in  the  place.  Religious  meetings  were, 
however,*instituted  and  held  with  tolerable  regularity  by 
Daniel  Dauley,  Dr.  Isaac  Swift,  and  Seth  Day,  all  young 
men  and  not  one  a jirofessor  of  religion.  “Deacon” 
Dauley  read  the  prayers;  Dr.  Swift  led  the  singing  and 
read  the  sermons.  These  meetings  were  continued  until 
the  organization  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Ravenna, 
in  1824.  In  1831  Dr.  Swift  joined  the  church,  of  which 
Rev.  Abram  Nash  was  pastor,  and  immediately  took  an 
active  interest  in  all  of  its  affairs.  P'or  more  than  forty 
years  he  was  Church  Treasurer.  January  15th,  1818,  Dr. 
Isaac  Swift  was  joined  in  marriage  to  Eliza  Thompson,  at 
the  house  of  the  bride’s  father,  the  ceremony  being  per- 
formed by  Rev.  Caleb  Pitkin,  then  pastor  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  Charlestown.  The  wedding  was  largely 
attended,  and  was  considered  a social  event  of  more  than 
ordinary  im|)ortance.  The  young  couple  began  housekec])- 
ing  in  a dwelling  which  stood  upon  the  site  now  occiqiied 
by  the  .(Elina  Block.  In  1824  the  .Swift  homestead,  on 
Chestnut  street,  was  completed,  and  since  then  has  been  the 


526 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


family  residence.  Here,  after  a life  of  usefulness  and 
honor,  Dr.  Isaac  Swift  passed  away  on  the  evening  of 
Tuesday,  July  14th,  1874,  having  reached  his  eighty-fifth 
year  with  unimpaired  faculties.  He  was  a jiioneer  of  w'hom 
Portage  county  is  justly  proud.  Dr.  Sndlt  is  survived  by 
his  aged  wife  and  three  children,  viz. : Dr.  Charles  E. 
Sw'ift,  of  Ashtabula,  Ohio;  Mrs.  E.  R.  Wait,  of  Ravenna; 
and  Mrs.  Emily  Morrison,  of  New  York  city.  The  late 
Governor  Henry  A.  Swift,  of  Minnesota,  w'as  a son  of  the 
subject  of  this  memoir.  A native  of  Ravenna,  where  he 
was  born,  March  23d,  1S23,  Henry  A.  graduated  at  the 
Western  Reserve  College,  read  law,  became  clerk  of  the 
Ohio  House  of  Representatives,  w'as  a member  of  the  Min- 
nesota Legislature,  one  of  the  defenders  of  .St.  Peter, 
Minnesota,  in  the  Indian  massacre  of  1S62,  and  Idled  the 
chair  of  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  commonwealth  of  Min- 
nesota. He  died  February  26th,  iSbg. 


||OODWARD,  CHARLES,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was 
born,  1804,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania. After  receiving  a thorough  classical  and 
academical  education,  he  entered  the  College  of 
New'  Jersey,  at  Princeton,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  the  class  of  1823,  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  Having  selected  the  medical  profession 
for  his  future  career,  he  became  a student  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Medical  Institute,  and  in  1826  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  that  institution.  Almost  immediately  after 
graduation  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  that  city,  which  he  only  relinquished 
early  in  1874,  owing  to  impaired  health.  It  is  a very 
remarkable  fact  that  he  never  lost  a day  of  active  service  in 
his  profession,  by  reason  of  ill  health,  until  attacked  by  the 
disease  of  which  he  died.  Wonderful  buoyance  of  feeling, 
great  energy,  constant  endurance  in  a very  large*  practice, 
were  doubtless  the  results  of  such  extraordinary  health. 
He  was  in  rather  straitened  circumstances  when  he  first 
entered  his  profession.  A speculative  venture  resulting 
successfully  gave  him  means  to  equip  his  office,  get  married, 
and  abide  the  time  of  his  success.  Prosperity  soon  follow’ed 
skilful  efforts  in  his  work,  and  he  acquire<t  enviable  distinc- 
tion for  family  practice.  He  was  especially  noted  for  a 
keenly  sympathetic,  gentle  nature,  that  made  him  a most 
acceptable  visitor  to  the  sick-chamber.  His  patrons  became 
attached  to  him  with  something  akin  to  filial  or  fraternal 
love.  They  had  comfort  in  his  soothing  manner,  faith  in 
his  skill,  and  confidence  in  his  ever  gentlemanly  bearing. 
A singular  fact  in  his  professional  career  was  his  steadfastly 
declining  to  take  a professorship  in  colleges.  He  also 
avoided  successfully  the  quarrels,  jealousies,  and  strange 
differences  into  which  members  of  the  profession  are  so 
prone  to  fall.  While  habitually  courteous  and  friendly,  he 
was  unvaryingly  dignified  and  polite.  His  near  a half 


century  of  work  in  his  profession  brought  him  a fair  compe- 
tency; not  so  directly  from  his  earnings — which  alone  will 
make  a conscientious  and  faithful  physician  rich — hut  much 
of  what  he  gathered  together  resulted  from  a habit  he  stead- 
ily adhered  to  ol  buying  real  estate  whenever  his  accumula- 
tions warranted  an  investment.  His  w'armly  sympathetic 
disposition  made  him  generous  not  only  in  giving,  but  also 
in  a charity  practice,  a large  amount  of  attention  having 
been  given  the  poor  without  charge.  He  was  married, 
1828,  to  Amelia  Roe,  sister  of  the  late  Charles  Roe  and 
of  Mrs.  Josiah  Lawrence,  and  there  were  horn  to  him  six 
sons  and  two  daughters,  all  of  whom  survive  him.  He 
died  in  Cincinnati,  August  l6th,  1874. 


^(^ONES,  WILLIAM  FRANCIS,  Boot  and  Shoe- 
^ Jj  maker,  was  born,  August  l2lh,  1S24,  in  Nash 
county.  North  Carolina,  of  American  parentage. 
0/^^  When  liut  five  years  of  age  he  was  indentured  to 
learn  the  trade  of  a shoemaker,  and  worked  until 
he  attained  his  majority.  He  then  commenced 
business  for  himself,  his  cash  capital  being  fifty  cents,  and 
his  tools  consisting  only  of  a hammer,  a pair  of  pincers,  a 
peg  awl,  a sewing  awl,  and  a knife.  From  this  small  be- 
ginning he  has  prospered  and  gained  a comfortable  liveli- 
t hood,  beside  having  laid  by  a store  for  the  “rainy  day.” 
In  1858  he  removed  to  Cleveland,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  served  one 
year  and  was  honorably  discharged.  He  has  always  been 
Republican  in  political  feeling,  but  has  never  held  a public 
office  of  any  kind.  In  religious  belief  he  is  a Methodist. 
He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  and  up  to  that 
time  had  never  heard  a sermon  preached.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  in  Cleveland  he  engaged  earnestly  in  the  cause  of 
religion,  and  was  a zealous  laborer  in  the  field  before  him, 
insomuch  that  the  church  asked  for  his  promotion.  He  was 
accordingly  ordained  a Deacon  by  the  Annual  Conference, 
at  Columbus,  April  30th,  1 868.  He  was  married.  May  22d, 
1847,  to  Malindia  Mayo,  of  North  Carolina. 


ILLER,  SAMUEL  A.,  I.awyer,  Geologist,  and 
Scientist,  was  born,  August  28th,  1S37,  in  Cool- 
ville,  Athens  county,  Ohio.  After  a due  course 
of  preparatory  education,  and  the  requisite  study 
of  the  law,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Cincin- 
nati, in  April,  1S60.  He  at  once  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city,  which  has  since  be- 
come both  extensive  and  lucrative.  Few  advocates  stand 
so  high  in  the  estimation  of  their  professional  brethren  and 
the  community  as  to  business  integrity  and  private  charac- 
ter as  himself  and  his  brother,  1.  J.  Miller,  being  often 
termed  by  their  brethren  of  the  bar  y>irr  7iobile  fiatiiiin 
He  has  annotated  and  prepared  for  the  press  the  entire 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP.LDI  A. 


527 


statutes  and  laws  of  Ohio,  a work  covering  3600  pages. 
He  is  the  author  of  the  resolution  to  exclude  the  Bible  and 
religious  instruction  from  the  public  schools  of  Cincinnati, 
so  that  these  schools  may  be  free  and  equal  to  all  children 
alike.  As  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  he  intro- 
duced the  above-named  resolution  in  September,  1869,  and 
it  was  adopted  on  November  ist  in  the  same  year.  The 
■Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati  enjoined  the  enforcement  of 
the  rule,  but  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  reversed  the  action 
of  the  lower  court,  since  which  time  it  has  been  enforced  in 
the  pulrlic  schools,  and  is  now  universally  regarded  as  a 
permanent  regulation.  In  January,  1874,  lie  commenced 
the  publication  of  the  “ Cincinnati  Quarterly  Journal  of 
Science.”  He  has  written  several  monographs  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  lower  Silurian  fossils  in  and  about  Cincinnati, 
described  many  new  species,  and  formed  some  new  genera. 
In  .\pril,  1875,  elected  President  of  the  Cincinnati 

■Society  of  Natural  Ilistoiy^  He  is  quite  well  known  as  an 
original  discoverer  in  geological  and  paleontological  mat- 
ters. 


i 


ILLEY,  IION.  JOHN  WHEELOCK,  Lawyer 
and  Legislator,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in 
1797,  and  died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  June, 
1S41.  He  received  a good  preparation  for  col- 
lege, and  then  was  sent  to  Dartmouth,  where  he 
was  under  the  special  care  of  President  ^Yheel- 
ock,  for  whom  he  had  been  named.  After  graduating  he 
went  to  New  York  to  complete  his  studies  of  the  legal  jiro- 
fession.  In  1822,  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar  to  prac- 
tise, he  started  for  the  West  and  settled  in  Cleveland,  then 
a small  but  thriving  village.  In  the  sharp  struggle  for 
reputation  and  fortune  between  the  many  able  lawyers  then 
at  the  bar  of  northern  Ohio,  he  more  than  held  his  own,  and 
soon  gained  an  enviable  position.  In  1827  he  was  elected 
to  represent  Cuyahoga  county  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  Ohio,  where  he  served  his  constituents  ably  for 
three  years.  He  was  then  chosen  a .Senator  for  Ohio, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years,  and  closed  his  legisla- 
tive career  in  1832.  On  leaving  the  .Senate  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  until  1836,  when  he  was 
elected  the  first  Mayor  of  Cleveland.  The  term  being  for 
only  one  year,  he  was  re  elected  by  a very  large  majority. 
The  original  laws  and  ordinances  of  the  city  government  he 
drafted,  and  tl.ey  proved,  when  reduced  to  practice,  com- 
prehensive and  effective.  Before  the  financial  distress  of 
1837  he  was  actively  interested  in  the  original  schemes  for 
the  construction  of  railroads  from  Cleveland  to  Columbus 
and  Pittsburgh.  In  1840  he  was  ajipointed  Judge,  and  on 
the  bench  exhibited  strong  memory,  power  of  analysis, 
promptness  of  decision,  and  strict  impartiality.  Ilis  instruc- 
tions to  juries  were  models  of  addresses,  as  he  always  made 
every  point  clear,  and  without  wearying  his  listeners  always 
placed  them  in  possession  of  every  fact.  He  was  always  of 


a cheerful  disposition,  and  while  practising  at  the  bar  and 
while  sitting  on  the  bench  was  often  in  the  haliit  of  telling 
little  anecdotes  which  made  judge,  jury,  and  prisoners 
smile.  He  died  while  holding  the  itosition  of  President 
Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Judicial  District.  His  many  vir- 
tues in  private  and  professional  life,  his  dignity  of  character, 
and  his  unostentatious  manner,  endeared  him  to  a very 
large  circle  of  profe.^sional  and  lay  friends. 


ECK,  HON.  HIR.^M  D.WID,  I.awyer,  and  City 
Solicitor  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Harrison 
county,  Kentucky,  March  23d,  184).  His  pater- 
nal ancestors^are  from  an  old  Vermont  family, 
while  his  mother  springs  from  the  early  settlers 
of  Virginia.  Having  received  his  preparatory 
education  at  the  High  School  of  his  native  county,  he  en- 
tered the  sophomore  class  at  the  Miami  University,  at 
Oxford,  Ohio,  whence  he  graduated  in  1862.  In  May  of 
that  year  he,  with  his  fellow-students,  formed  a company  of 
volunteers,  which  was  placed  under  the  command  of  Pro- 
fessor McFarland,  and  became  Company  A,  86th  Ohio 
Volunteers.  They  served  in  West  Virginia  until  Septem- 
ber following,  when,  their  term  of  enlistment  having  expired, 
he  returned  to  find  his  home  in  the  possession  of  the  rebels. 
They  were  shortly  afterward  driven  from  that  portion  of  the 
.State,  and  he  returned  home,  where  he  was  appointed  by 
Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase,  then  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
Assistant  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  his  district. 
During  his  occupancy  of  this  office  he  studied  law  under 
the  direction  of  Hon.  W.  W.  Trimble,  of  Cynthiana,  Ken- 
tucky, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
in  August,  1864.  He  resigned  the  Assistant  Assessorship 
in  September,  1864,  and  matriculated  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  whence  he  graduated 
LL.  B.  in  the  summer  of  1865.  He  remained  at  his  home 
in  Cynthiana  until  the  spring  of  1866,  when  he  engaged  in 
practice  in  Cincinnati.  He  was  jirominently  named  before 
the  Republican  Convention  for  the  Legislative  nomination 
in  1871,  but  he  declined.  Being  a delegate  to  the  Repub- 
lican .Slate  Convention  in  1872,  he  moved  to  strike  out  the 
resolution  indorsing  Grant  for  the  Presidency,  and  warmly 
discussed  the  matter.  He  joined  the  Liberal  movement, 
and  was  a member  of  the  National  Liberal  Republican 
Convention,  at  Cincinnati,  which  nominated  Horace 
Greeley.  He  became  one  of  the  leading  s|ririts  in  the 
exciting  campaign  which  followed,  and  by  a coalition  with 
the  Democrats  for  the  campaign,  they,  by  indefatigable 
efforts,  carried  Hamilton  county  for  Greeley.  In  the  spring 
of  1873  he  was  nominated  by  the  Liberals  and  Democrats 
for  City  .Solicitor,  against  J.  W.  Warrington,  Republican. 
In  the  election  which  followe.l  his  competitor  received  a 
majority  of  36  in  a vote  of  32,000;  but  to  avoid  a contest 
the  matter  was  compromised  by  his  appointment  as  First 


5^8 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


Assistant  to  Mr.  Warrington.  When  the  latter  was  suc- 
ceeded, in  April,  1875,  by  lion.  Robert  O.  Strong.  Mr. 
Peck  was  retained  in  the  position  which  he  had  filled  so 
ably  and  acceptably.  On  January  8th,  1S75,  Strong 

died,  and  Mr.  Peck  was  unanimously  no'minated  by  the 
Democrats  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Shortly  afterwards  the  Re- 
publican committee  met  and  refused  to  pul  any  candidate  in 
the  field  against  him,  and  he  was  elected  almost  without  any 
opposition  at  the  special  election  held  on  the  22d  of  January 
following.  He  was  married,  November  i8th,  1868,  to  Har- 
riet E.,  daughter  of  George  M.  Weld,  of  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts, and  has  two  children. 


ARNETT,  GENERAL  JAMES,  Merchant  and 
Soldier,  was  born,  June  21st,  1S21,  in  Cherry 
Valley,  Otsego  county.  New  York,  and  is  the  son 
of  Melancthon  Barnett,  w'ho  removed  with  his 
family  to  Cleveland  w'hen  James  was  but  four 
years  of  age.  In  his  childhood  he  attended  the 
common  schools  of  the  city,  and  subsequently  entered  a hard- 
ware store.  In  a few  years  he  was  admitted  to  partnership 
in  the  hardware  firm  of  George  Worthington  & Co.,  where 
he  remained  many  years.  He  always  was  interested  in  the 
military  organizations  of  the  city  and  State.  Of  an  artillery 
company,  organized  in  Cleveland  in  1840,  he  was  a member 
more  than  eighteen  years,  until  a change  in  the  law  govern- 
ing military  organizations,  when  this  company  became  the 
1st  Regiment  Light  Artillery,  Ohio  Volunteer  Militia,  and 
he  was  chosen  Colonel.  In  1S60  this  regiment  tendered  its 
services  to  the  Governor  of  Ohio  and  was  accepted.  Within 
five  days  after  the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter  this  regiment  was 
ordered  to  the  river  boundary  fronting  West  Virginia.  In 
two  days  it  w'as  in  Marietta  preparing  to  go  into  camp. 
After  a month  in  that  encampment  it  was  ordered  to  cross 
the  river  into  Virginia.  A detachment  with  two  guns  crossed 
to  Parkersburg,  and  Colonel  Barnett  took  the  remainder 
over  at  Benwood  and  proceeded  to  Grafton,  tvhere  he 
awaited  the  arrival  of  the  detachment,  which  passed  up  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Philippi.  This  regiment 
took  an  active  part  in  the  fight  there,  it  being  noted  as  the 
first  artillery  fired  in  the  field  by  the  United  States  forces 
during  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  The  regiment  was  reunited 
in  season  to  t.rke  part  in  the  attack  on  the  rebels  at  Laurel 
Hill,  and  the  enemy  fled  before  it.  A detachment  with  two 
guns  pursued  the  rebels  two  days  through  a terrible  rain  and 
over  almost  impassable  mountain  roads,  which  the  foe  had 
obstructed  with  felled  trees.  The  pursuit  ended  at  Garrick’s 
Ford,  where  the  rebels  made  a stand,  but  were  quickly 
driven  from  their  position  with  the  loss  of  one  gun,  which 
was  taken  to  Cleveland  as  a trophy.  At  the  close  of  this 
campaign  Colonel  Barnett  was  ordered  to  report  to  General 
McClellan  at  Beverly,  where  a consultation  was  had  on 
taking  the  artilleiy  up  the  Kanawha  to  attack  General  Wise, 


But  the  regiment  had  never  been  recognized  by  the  United 
States,  as  it  had  thus  far  acted  under  the  orders  of  the  State 
of  Ohio,  and  its  services  in  Virginia  were  considered  neces- 
sary for  the  safety  of  Ohio.  Their  position  was  now  some- 
what doubtful,  as  there  was  no  longer  an  excuse  for  their 
being  in  Virginia.  While  this  discussion  was  being  held 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run  was  fought.  General  McClellan  was 
summoned  to  Washington,  and  the  regiment  was  recalled  to 
Ohio  ami  dismissed.  Its  campaign  was  brief  and  brilliant, 
and  preserved  West  Virginia  to  the  Union.  Its  reception  as 
it  entered  Cleveland  with  Colonel  Barnett  at  its  head  and  all 
its  guns,  and  in  addition  the  one  captured  at  Carrick’s  Ford, 
was  most  enthusiastic,  and  the  City  Council  gave  them  a 
unanimous  vole  of  thanks.  In  August,  1861,  a month  after 
his  return,  he  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Dennison  to 
raise  a twelve-battery  regiment  of  artilleiy,  which  the  Gov- 
ernor had  prevailed  on  the  United  States  to  authorize.  As 
fast  as  the  batteries  were  organized  and  equipped  they  w’ere 
sent  into  the  field.  Two  reached  General  Thomas  in  season 
to  join  in  the  battle  of  Mill  Springs,  Kentucky.  The  other 
batteries  were  sent  to  different  commands  in  West  Virginia 
and  Kentucky.  When  he  had  completed  this  work,  in  the 
spring  of  1862,  he  took  a portion  of  his  command  and  re- 
ported to  General  Buell  in  Louisville.  In  March,  w hen  the 
army  arrived  in  Nashville,  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  artillery  reserve  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Corinth  and  other 
actions,  until  the  occupation  of  Huntsville  liy  Buell’s  army. 
In  July,  1862,  he  was  ordered  to  Ohio  on  recruiting  service, 
and  W'as  very  successful.  In  September  he  returned  with 
his  full  quota  of  recruits  and  w'as  assigned  to  duty  on  the 
staff  of  General  C.  C.  Gilbert,  then  in  command  of  the  centre 
corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio.  After  the  battle  of  Perry- 
ville  he  was  transferred  to  the  staff  of  Major-General  Mc- 
Cook as  Chief  of  Artillery  until  November  24th,  1862,  when 
General  Rosecrans  appointed  him  Chief  of  Artillery  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland.  His  great  services  in  the  battles 
of  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge  and  the  many 
other  battles  of  the  Cumberland,  W'ere  so  important  as  to  be 
specially  mentioned  with  strong  commendation  by  General 
Rosecrans.  I.ater,  when  General  Thomas  w'as  in  command, 
his  valuable  services  were  appreciated  by  that  model  of  a 
General.  When  the  operations  around  Chattanooga  closed 
he  W’as  placed  in  command  of  the  artillery  requiring  reor- 
ganization and  remounting.  Two  divisions  of  six  batteries 
each  were  formed — one  composed  of  batteries  in  the  regular 
United  States  service  and  the  other  of  volunteer  batteries, 
principally  those  of  the  1st  Ohio  Artillery  Regiment.  These 
were  camped  near  Nashville,  drilled,  reorganized  and 
equipped,  and  held  in  readiness  for  the  field.  On  the  20th 
of  October,  1864,  the  need  for  his  services  having  ceased, 
he  W'as  mustered  out  of  the  service.  But  before  he  had  re- 
tired from  Nashville  the  battle  of  that  place  w'as  fought,  and 
he  rendered  valuable  aid  in  the  engagement,  though  acting 
in  an  independent  capacity.  Later  he  w’as  made  Brigadier- 


V .'4. 


% 


/ 


1^.. 


\ 


BlOGRAl’lllCAL  E.\CVCL01AED1A. 


529 


General  by  brevet,  in  consideration  of  his  distinguished  ser- 
vices. On  his  return  home  he  resumed  business  in  the  firm 
of  which  he  had  continued  a member  throughout  the  war. 
In  1874  Governor  Allen  appointed  him  one  of  the  three 
trustees  for  the  management  of  the  Northern  Ohio  Hospital 
for  the  Insane.  He  has  been  a member  of  the  Republican 
party  since  its  organization,  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  people 
of  all  parties  and  creeds  for  his  honor  in  all  matters  of  busi- 
ness, his  patriotism  and  his  courteous  manners  towards  all 
with  whom  he  has  dealings. 


f 


l|OODS,  HON.  JOHN,  Lawyer  and  Member  of 
Congress, son  of  Alexander  and  Mary  (Robinson) 
Woods,  was  born  in  Dauphin  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, October  l8th,  1794.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  county  Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  came  to 
America  in  1 790,  settling  in  Pennsylvania,  where, 
in  1 793,  he  married.  A few  years  later  he  emigrated  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  thence  in  1797  to  Warren  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
raised  a family  of  eight  children.  John,  the  oldest,  received 
such  slender  advantages  of  schooling  as  the  country  afforded, 
and  since  he  seems  to  have  been  at  least  a good  English 
scholar,  it  is  probable  he  received  much  of  his  instructions 
from  his  father.  He  served  in  the  last  months  of  the  war 
of  1812,  after  which  he  taught  school  for  a couple  of  years, 
meanwhile  pursuing  the  study  of  law  under  the  direction  of 
the  Hon.  John  McLean,  then  member  of  Congress,  and 
afterwards  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  In  1819  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  be- 
gan practice  in  Butler  county.  Possessing  energy  and  talent, 
he  soon  distinguished  himself  in  his  profession,  and  in  1824 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1826.  \Yhile 
there  he  established  a creditable  reputation,  and  obtained 
appropriations  of  land  from  the  general  government  to  aid 
improvements  in  his  section  ; this  brought  him  popularity  at 
home,  but  taking  strong  grounds  against  the  election  of 
Jackson  in  1828,  he  was  defeated  for  another  term,  and  for 
the  following  seventeen  years  gave  his  attention  to  the  routine 
of  private  affairs.  He  established,  and  for  seven  years  edited, 
the  Haniilton  Intelligencer',  which  afterwards  passed  into  the 
management  of  L.  I).  Campbell.  Besides  the  pursuit  of 
his  profession  he  engaged  in  numerous  financial  enterprises, 
and  was  President  of  the  old  Bank  of  Hamilton.  He  pro- 
jected and,  in  connection  with  a few  other  enteqirising  men, 
built  tbe  Hamilton  Hydraulic,  a thing  that,  utilizing  the 
water-power  of  the  Miami  river,  has  been  of  incalculable 
advantage  to  the  town.  In  1845  he  was  elected  Auditor  of 
State  for  Ohio,  and  served  till  1851,  revising  the  accounts 
of  State  and  directing  its  financial  policy.  In  this  cajiacity 
he  is  said  to  have  displayed  abilities  of  the  highest  order, 
and  to  have  rescued  the  State  from  impending  bankruptcy 
or  repudiation.  After  retiring  from  office  he  became  Presi- 
dent of  the  Hamilton  & Eaton  Railroad,  and  afterwards  of 

67 


the  Hamilton  & Indianapolis  Junction  road,  in  which  office 
he  remained  till  death,  on  July  30th,  1855. 


-'/iry OLLAND,  JOHN,  Gold-Pen  Manufacturer,  was 
born,  August  25th,  1838,  in  the  parish  of  Kil- 
crohane,  in  the  county  of  Cork,  Ireland,  and  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Patrick  Holland.  His  parents 
G emigrated  to  America  in  1848,  and  settled  in  Cin- 

cinnati, where  his  father  followed  the  business  of 
a stone-mason  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1854. 
John  received  his  early  education  in  St.  Xavier’s  Parochial 
School ; he  also  attended  a night-school  for  about  five  years, 
during  which  time  he  studied  the  classics  with  a view  of 
adopting  a profession,  but  on  the  death  of  his  father,  finding 
the  charge  of  his  mother  and  the  younger  children  devolved 
on  him,  he  concluded  to  finish  learning  the  trade  to  which 
his  father  had  indentured  him,  that  of  gold-pen  manufactur- 
ing ill  the  establishment  of  Ggorge  \V.  Shejipard,  so  favor- 
ably known  to  the  trade.  He  served  the  specified  four 
years’  apprenticeship,  and  at  the  expiration  of  this  term  re- 
ceived the  position  of  foreman  of  the  factory,  wdiich  he  held 
for  tw'o  years.  He  then  purchased  a one-third  interest  in 
the  business,  which  he  retained  until  iS62,tind  then  bought 
the  other  two-thirds,  since  which  time  he  nas  conducted  the 
establishment  in  his  owm  name.  M’hen  he  first  took  charge 
of  the  factory  the  products  were  comparatively  small,  being 
but  about  $Sooo  per  annum  and  giving  employment  to  five 
hands.  In  1866  he  added  to  the  business  the  manufacture 
of  gold  and  silver  pencils,  fine  ebony  and  ivory  pen-holders 
and  gold  tooth-picks.  The  business  now  amounts  to  over 
$100,000  yearly,  and  forty  persons  are  constantly  employed 
in  the  works.  His  store  and  factory,  which  is  six  stories 
high,  is  entirely  occupied  by  the  business,  with  the  exception 
of  the  second  floor,  which  is  rented  for  offices.  His  ma- 
chinery is  all  propelled  by  steam-pow'er,  the  rolling-mill 
alone  weigbing  over  two  tons.  A thorough  mechanic  of  an 
j inventive  genius,  he  has  taken  out  ten  patents  for  pen  and 
I pencil-cases,  also  one  for  alloying  gold  for  pens.  The  nia- 
j terial  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  the  various  articles 
j are  gold  and  silver  bullion,  and  he  imports  his  ebony  direct 
from  Africa,  and  the  ivory  from  the  same  country,  and  also 
from  the  East  Indies.  His  products  find  a ready  market  in 
the  United  States  and  Europe,  as  also  as  far  cast  as  China 
and  Japan.  Eor  the  past  five  years  he  has  received  the 
contract  for  supplying  the  Treasury  Department  at  Wash- 
ington, and  has  been  awarded  medals  at  several  fairs  and 
exposition.s,  including  that  at  Vienna,  in  1873.  The  es- 
tablishment is  the  largest  in  the  country  west  of  New'  York 
city,  and  there  is  but  one  even  in  that  city  which  produces 
as  large  and  varied  a stock.  Since  he  commenced  business 
he  has  only  been  idle  one  month,  during  the  time  of  Kirby 
.Smith’s  raid  through  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  he  being  at  that 


530 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EAXVCLOIVEDIA. 


time  Captain  of  a company  in  the  nth  Ohio  Reserves, 
which  was  called  into  the  service  for  thirty  days.  He  is 
the  owner  not  only  of  the  valuable  property  No.  19  West 
h’ourth  street,  where  his  factory  is  located,  but  also  of  the 
fine  edifice  where  he  resides,  besides  other  properties  in 
various  parts  of  the  city,  amounting  in  value  to  over 
$100,000,  being  his  accumulations  during  the  fourteen  years 
of  his  business  career.  His  unusual  success  in  his  avoca- 
tion may  he  attributed  in  part  to  the  fact  that  his  goods  are 
ever  found  to  be  of  the  most  superior  quality,  and  always  as 
represented.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Miami  Valley  .Savings  Bank,  and  of  which  he  has  been 
Vice-President  since  its  organization.  He  was  married, 
July  7th,  1870,  to  Kate,  daughter  of  James  Ohlen,  the  well- 
known  saw  manufacturer,  and  is  the  father  of  three  chil- 
dren, all  living. 


YASK,  LEON.VRD,  Landowner,  was  horn  in  West- 
moreland county,  Pennsylvania,  July  29th,  1786, 
and  died,  December  7lh,  1864,  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  He  w’as  the  son  of  Meschach  Case,  a 
farmer  of  the  place  of  Leonard’s  nativity.  This 
family  in  1788  removed  to  Washington  county, 
and  in  1800  made  another  removal  to  Warren,  Trumbull 
county,  Ohio.  While  in  Washington  county  he  attended 
school  in  winter  and  worked  on  the  farm  in  summer,  but 
when  they  reached  their  Ohio  farm  his  entire  time  was 
t.rken  up  with  labors  on  the  farm,  as  his  father  was  in  ill 
health  and  he  w'as  the  eldest  of  the  children.  In  1801  his 
lower  limbs  became  inflamed  so  as  to  confine  him  to  the 
bed  for  one  and  a half  years,  and  then  he  arose  a cripple, 
without  hope  of  recovery.  During  this  illness  he  had  for- 
gotten nearly  all  that  he  had  learned  at  school,  and  his  first 
object  was  to  regain  the  lost  treasure,  and  to  add  to  it  if 
possible.  But  his  family  were  very  poor,  and  he  could  only 
obtain  an  old  arithmetic  from  Pittsburgh,  and  a fragment 
of  a book  on  surveying.  He  studied  these  diligently  for 
three  years,  at  the  same  time  earning  his  living  by  bottom- 
ing chairs,  making  sieves,  etc.  In  March,  1806,  he  obtained 
a place  to  write  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  Common  Pleas. 
He  soon  mastered  the  statutes  of  Ohio  so  as  to  be  able  to 
make  prompt  reference  to  any  information  required.  The 
following  spring  he  obtained  some  work  in  the  land  agency 
office  of  General  Simon  Perkins.  August  21st,  1807,  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  .Supreme  Court  in  Trumbull  county, 
and  was  reappointed  to  that  position  in  1814,  and  in  1816 
he  resigned  the  clerkship.  Very  soon  after  his  first  appoint- 
ment, in  1807,  he  was  also  appointed  Deputy  Collector  of 
non-resident  ta.xes  for  the  Sixth  District  of  Ohio.  He  per- 
formed the  duties  with  promptness  and  accuracy.  In  that 
same  winter  he  made  a list  of  the  owners  and  of  lands 
drawn  in  the  drafts  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company, 
which  proved  subsequently  to  be  of  great  value  in  tracing 
the  records  of  property.  He  also  found  some  employment 


in  the  Recorder’s  office,  but  all  of  his  leisure  time  was  de- 
voted to  reading  law,  so  that  he  was  admitted  to  practise  in 
the  State  courts  in  1814.  In  August,  1S09,  he  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  was  re-elected  in  1812,  and  again 
in  1815.  P'rom  1812  to  1816  he  also  held  the  position  of 
Collector  of  the  Sixth  District,  receiving  his  appointment 
annually  from  the  Legislature.  The  responsibility  and 
labors  increased  rapidly  so  that  the  last  year  he  filled  the 
office  his  collections  were  more  than  fifty-eight  thousand 
dollars,  and  his  compensation  but  four  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  and  travelling  expenses.  In  1816  he  removed  to 
Cleveland  to  take  the  position  of  Cashier  of  the  new  Com- 
mercial Bank  of  Lake  Erie.  In  a few  years  the  bank  failid 
and  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Cuyahoga  and  other 
counties,  and  continued  in  his  professional  duties  until  1833, 
when  his  physical  infinnity  compelled  him  to  relinquish 
active  practice,  which  for  thirteen  years  had  been  in  the 
United  .States  as  well  as  .State  courts.  In  1S20  he  was  ap- 
pointed Auditor  of  Cuyahoga  county,  and  while  in  that 
position  he  made  a new  list  of  lands  and  also  acted  as  Clerk 
of  the  County  Commissioners.  The  following  year  he  was 
reappointed,  and  two  years  thereafter  was  elected  to  the 
same  position.  When  he  entered  the  office  the  county  was 
fifteen  hundred  dollars  in  debt;  four  years  later  when  he  left 
it  all  the  debts  were  paid  and  there  were  two  thousand 
dollars  in  the  treasury;  his  compensation  for  the  entire  time 
was  six  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  In  1824  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  while  a member  of  that  body  aided 
in  the  location  of  the  Ohio  canal,  and  in  devising  a new 
system  of  taxation.  His  constituents  returned  him  to  the 
Legislature  for  the  next  two  years.  March  20th,  1832,  the 
Commercial  Bank  of  Lake  Erie  was  resuscitated.  He 
settled  the  accounts  of  the  old  corporation  and  was  made 
President  of  the  new  organization.  Some  time  prior  to  this 
he  had  been  appointed  agent  of  the  State  of  Connecticut  to 
take  charge  of  the  lands  and  debts  belonging  to  its  school 
fund.  It  proved  a long  and  most  difficult  task,  requiring 
more  than  thirty  years.  He  sold  land  in  more  thati  four 
hundred  contracts,  had  long  and  tangled  mortgage  demands 
to  settle  with  purchasers  of  the  mortgaged  lands,  and  col- 
lected and  paid  over  about  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  in 
money  without  having  more  than  one  lawsuit  growing  out 
of  the  contracts.  The  final  settlement  was  made  with  the 
land  company’s  commissioners  in  November,  1855,  without 
the  changing  or  questioning  of  a single  figure.  From  1S21 
to  1825  he  was  President  of  the  village  of  Cleveland.  He 
w.as  ever  interested  in  beautifying  the  city,  and  suggested 
and  greatly  aided  in  carrying  forward  the  work  of  ornament- 
ing the  streets  with  shade  trees,  so  that  it  is  now  widely 
known  as  the  Forest  City.  He  headed  the  subscription  list 
with  five  thousand  dollars  to  build  the  first  railroad  to 
Cleveland,  and  was  chosen  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  com- 
pany. He  invested  all  the  money  he  could  obtain  beyond 
his  immediate  wants  in  lands  within  or  near  the  city’s 
limits,  and  thus  laid  the  foundation  for  great  wealth.  His 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 


land  purchases  were  made  so  that  a debt  could  not  stand,  at 
the  furthest,  more  than  two  years,  and  was  so  managed  as 
to  be  paid  without  the  sale  of  property.  Generous  and  just 
in  all  of  his  dealings,  he  was  never  guilty  of  an  act  o(  un- 
kindness or  oppression.  He  died  in  the  seventy-ninth  year 
of  his  age.  He  had  two  sons,  Wdliam  and  Leonard.  The 
former  was  born  in  Cleveland  in  i8l8,  and  died  in  the  same 
city  on  April  19th,  1862,  and  will  long  be  remembered  for 
the  goodness  and  usefulness  of  his  pure  life.  When  quite 
young  he  was  elected  to  represent  the  Second  ward  in  the 
City  Council.  He  was  so  useful  that  he  was  re-elected  and 
continued  a member  until  1S50,  when  by  a large  majority  he 
was  elected  Mayor,  and  in  the  following  year  was  re-elected 
by  a still  larger  majority.  In  1852  he  was  nominated  for 
Congress  by  the  Whigs,  but  was  defeated  by  a small 
m.ajority;  the  anti-slavery  element  was  successful  in  elect- 
ing the  Pree-.Soil  candidate.  After  that  event  he  took  no 
active  part  in  politics.  In  1853  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  Cleveland,  Painesville  & Ashtabula  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  contined  to  preside  over  the  affairs  of  the  road 
until  1858.  During  these  years  the  road  proved  to  be  most 
juofitable  and  prosperous,  and  was  considered  one  of  the 
liest  managed  roads  in  the  country.  He  advocated  and 
aided  in  the  construction  of  the  water-works  in  Cleveland. 
When  the  Sinking  P’und  Commission  was  established  by 
legislative  enactment,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners, and  retained  that  position  until  his  death.  The 
Case  Block  at  the  time  it  was  built  was  by  far  the  largest 
and  finest  in  the  city;  he  projected  it  and  nearly  completed 
it  before  his  death.  He  was  a man  of  a fine  literary  educa- 
tion, warm-hearted,  and  beloved  by  all  within  the  circle  of 
his  acquaintance.  Leonard,  the  second  and  only  surviving 
son,  was  born  in  Cleveland  in  1820,  and  graduated  from 
Yale  College  in  1842.  On  the  death  of  his  brother  William 
he  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  thus  created  in  the  Sinking 
P'und  Commission,  which  position  he  still  retains.  The 
construction  of  the  Case  Block,  unfinished  at  the  death  of 
his  brother,  was  completed  under  his  management,  and  at  a 
subsequent  date  the  larger  Case  building  was  erected  by 
him.  At  the  death  of  his  father  he  became  sole  proprietor 
of  the  estates  in  the  city  and  suburbs  of  Cleveland,  and  their 
management  requires  his  close  attention.  He  has  ever 
avoided  publicity. 


lURKHALTER,  SOLOMOX,  Retired  Merchant, 
was  born,  March  15th,  i8ii,in  Lehigh  county, 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  fourth  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, the  issue  of  Peter  Burkhalter  and  Catharine 
Berry,  both  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  their  ances- 
tors being  among  the  original  settlers  of  that 
State.  Peter  Burkhalter  was  a farmer,  and  died  in  Tippe- 
canoe county,  Indiana,  where  his  wife  also  passed  away. 
Solomon’s  early  education  was  of  the  limited  character 
received  at  the  country  schools  during  his  boyhood.  In 


S3I 


1824  he  accompanied  his  parents  from  Pennsylvania  to 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  year's  he  was 
apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  wagon  and  plow  making,  at 
Reading,  Ohio,  where  he  has  since  made  his  home.  After 
a four  years’  apprenticeship  he  took  a course  of  advanced 
studies  at  Dayton,  and  for  the  next  seven  year's  carried  on 
business  for  himself.  The  following  five  years  he  devoted 
to  farirring  and  brickrrrakirrg.  This  latter  business  he  con- 
ducted in  connection  with  contracting  for  the  construction 
of  churches  and  other  buildings,  for  twenty-one  years. 
During  this  tiirre  he  served  a terrrr  of  five  years  as  Mayor 
of  Reading.  P'or  six  years  he  has  been  Magistrate  and 
Notar-y  Public  for  .Sycamore  towrrship.  Since  1856  he  has 
been  President  of  the  Cincinnati  & Xenia  Turnpike  Com- 
pany, which  owns  the  finest  turnpike  road  in  the  State. 
For  the  last  ten  years  Mr.  Burkhalter  has  given  his  attention 
exclusively  to  educational,  social,  and  political  affairs.  In 
politics  he  is  a Republican  ; in  religion  an  Universalist.  He 
is  a man  of  large  experience,  forcible  character,  generous 
impulse  and  kindly  disposition.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
citizens  of  Reading,  taking  a deep  and  active  interest  in 
whatever  promises  to  promote  the  city’s  welfare  and  pros- 
perity. 


^HEIS,  CIL\RLES,  Hardware  Merchant,  was  born, 
July  15th,  1834,  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many, and  is  a son  of  Jacob  and  Charlotta  (Jacki) 
Theis.  His  father  was  a farmer,  and  also  fol- 
lowed the  grocery  business.  He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  with  his  family  in  1847,  locat- 
ing at  Plillsborough,  Highland  county,  but  the  following 
year  removed  to  Higginsport,  and  now  resides  with  his  son 
Charles  at  Georgetown.  Charles  received  a good  education 
in  his  native  country,  and  worked  on  a farm  until  his  four- 
teenth year,  both  at  Hillsborough  and  Higginsport,  and  then 
assisted  his  father  as  a clerk  in  his  grocery  store  in  the  latter 
town,  remaining  with  him  about  two  years.  In  1851  he 
went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  same 
capacity  in  a hat  store  for  one  year,  returning  to  Hillsbor- 
ough, where  he  started  on  his  own  account  in  that  business. 
He  remained  there  a year  and  then  removed  again  to  Cin- 
cinnati, where  he  embarked  in  a similar  business  on  Central 
avenue.  He  pursued  his  calling  with  assiduity  for  some 
eight  months,  when  he  disposed  of  his  stock,  and  became 
an  assistant  in  the  American  Restaurant  of  Cincinnati,  where 
he  continued  for  three  years.  In  1858  he  removed  to 
Georgetown,  Brown  county,  where  he  embarked  in  the 
grocery  business,  and  conducted  the  same  exclusively  for 
two  years,  and  then  added  hardware  to  his  stock,  which 
latter  has  expanded,  together  with  the  further  addition  of 
agricultural  implements,  until  he  may  Le  properly  termed  a 
hardware  merchant,  although  he  still  continues  keeping  a 
line  of  select  groceries,  and  has  greatly  prospered  in  liis 
career.  In  religious  faith  he  is  a I’rolestant.  His  political 


532 


LIOGRArillCAI.  ENCYCLOP.RDIA. 


creed  is  that  of  the  Democratic  party,  although  he  has 
neither  sought  nor  held  any  office  of  a political  character. 
Socially  he  is  pleasant,  affable  and  courteous,  possesses  a 
lirm  and  determined  demeanor,  and  is  remarkably  untiring, 
energetic  and  industrious.  Ilis  reputation  and  standing  as 
a business  man  and  public-spirited  citizen  is  unquestionable, 
lie  takes  great  interest  in  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows,  of 
which  fraternity  he  is  a prominent  member.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1858  to  Fanny,  daughter  of  F.  J.  Kroetzer,  formerly 
of  Bavaria,  and  is  the  father  of  eight  children. 


HEPHERD,  WILFIAM  WALLACE,  M.  D.,  was 
born  in  Highland  county,  about  eight  miles  south 
of  Plillsborough,  Ohio,  December  i6th,  1837.  He 
was  the  second  child  in  a family  of  six  children 
whose  parents  were  William  A.  Shepherd  and 
Frances  A.  (Rogers)  Shepherd.  His  father,  a 
native  of  Philadelphia,  followed  through  life  the  profession 
of  medicine.  At  an  early  day  he  moved  to  Ohio  with  his 
father’s  family,  and  settled  in  Highland  county.  There,  and 
in  the  adjoining  county  of  Clinton,  he  was  engaged  in  pro- 
fessional labors  until  his  demise  in  May,  1871.  His  mother, 
a native  of  Frederic  county,  Virginia,  was  the  daughter  of 
William  Rogers,  an  early  pioneer  and  settler  of  Highland 
county,  Ohio.  His  preliminary  education  was  liberal,  and 
received  in  the  common  and  high  schools  of  his  native 
county.  In  1S52  he  began  the  reading  of  medicine  in 
Highland  county,  under  the  tuition  of  his  father,  and 
remained  with  him  as  a .student,  engaged  in  zealous  study, 
until  the  year  1855,  when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  and 
completed  his  medical  education  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  E.  H.  Johnson,  now  deceased,  at  that  time  a prominent 
physician  practising  at  139  West  Sixth  street.  He  then 
attended  medical  lectures,  and  in  1857  graduated  with 
honor  from  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio.  He  then,  during 
several  mouths,  practised  his  profession  in  conjunction  with 
his  father,  and  subsequently  for  one  year,  at  Cenlrefield, 
Highland  county.  On  his  return  to  .Samantha,  in  the  same 
county,  he  practised  in  association  with  his  parent  until  the 
fall  of  1861,  the  date  of  the  latter’s  removal  to  New  Vienna, 
Clinton  county,  Ohio.  In  the  fall  of  1S63,  having  been 
occupied  up  to  this  period  in  Samantha,  he  est.iblished  his 
office  in  Hillsborough,  Highland  county,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  devotes  a great  deal  of  attention  to  sur- 
gery, and  has  repeatedly  and  successfully  performed  the 
most  important  capital  operations.  He  is  incessantly  occu- 
pied in  attending  to  the  calls  and  duties  connected  with  an 
extensive  business,  and  is  to-day  one  of  the  leading  practi- 
tioners of  the  place.  He  is  a member  of  the  Ohio  State 
Medical  .Society,  and  for  a number  of  years  has  officiated  as 
Secretary  of  the  Highland  County  Medical  Society.  His 
various  contributions  to  the  current  medical  literature  .are 
characterized  by  .ability  and  studious  research,  while  his 


general  as  well  as  his  professional  attainments  are  of  an 
enviable  extent^ and  variety.  Although  a supporter  of  the 
Democratic  party,  he  has  uniformly  refrained  from  taking 
any  active  part  in  the  partisan  movements  of  the  day,  and 
has  neither  sought  nor  accepted  any  office  of  a political 
nature.  His  religious  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the 
doctrines  of  any  particular  church.  He  was  married,  March 
26th,  1863,  to  Mary  F.  Harding,  of  Ripley,  Ohio. 


NDERWOOD,  REV.  JOHNSON  P.,  Clergyman, 
was  born,  September  2Sth,  1824,  at  Mount  Pleas- 
ant, Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  of  American  parent- 
age, his  father  being  a native  of  Virginia,  while 
his  mother  was  a Pennsylvanian  by  birth.  He 
received  but  a limited  education  in  his  native 
place,  and  after  leaving  school  commenced  to  earn  his  live- 
lihood on  a farm,  devoting  his  evening  and  other  leisure 
hours  to  study.  He  is  indebted  to  the  Friends  for  his  early 
training,  and  for  the  assistance  they  rendered  him  in  quali- 
fying himself  to  become  a minister  of  the  gospel.  He  is 
now  a clergyman  of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  and  also  Secretary  of  the  conference,  to  which  he 
was  elected,  in  Detroit,  August  2Sth,  1858.  He  had  charge 
of  the  Wylie  Street  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Pittsburgh  in  1865,  in  which  year  also  he  held  a great 
revival  meeting,  during  which  the  membership  was  greatly 
increased.  He  was  subsequently  assigned  to  the  pastorship 
of  the  church  in  Xenia,  where  he  met  with  the  same  success 
in  building  up  the  congregation  over  which  he  was  appointed 
to  minister,  not  only  spiritually,  but  literally,  as  the  new 
edifice  erected  during  his  incumbency  was  far  superior  to 
the  original  structure,  and  its  worth  is  estimated  at  twelve 
thousand  dollars.  He  also  was  pastor  at  one  time  of  the 
congregation  in  Columbus,  and  the  church  building  there 
was  planned  and  designed  by  him.  At  present  he  is  pastor 
of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Cleveland. 
In  political  belief  he  is  a sterling  Republican,  lending  all 
his  influence  to  the  success  of  that  party.  He  was  married, 
1850,  to  Henrietta  M.  Clanton,  of  Virginia. 


EWIS,  BUSHROD  HAMILTON,  Lawyer,  was 
born,  August  1st,  1839,  in  the  town  of  Jefferson, 
Madison  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  George  W. 
I.ewis,  a farmer,  and  grandson  of  Philip  Lewis, 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county,  who 
assisted  to  lay  out  the  towm,  and  who  represented 
the  district  in  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
State.  He  first  attended  school  in  West  Jefferson,  and  sub- 
sequently became  a student  in  the  London  High  School, 
where  he  remained  until  he  attained  the  age  of  eighteen 
years.  He  then  passed  a year  as  clerk  in  a warehouse  in 


GoXqj^  Afe.  Co.  PivXo^‘^ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


533 


London,  and  afterwards  taught  school  for  three  terms  of 
four  months  each.  During  the  late  civil  war  he  enlisted  in 
the  95th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantrv',  August  14th,  1862,  and 
was  an  Orderly  Sergeant,  and  afterwards  Sergeant-Major 
of  the  regiment.  He  served  in  that  command  for  the  full 
term  of  three  years,  being  honorably  mustered  out  in  Au- 
gust, 1865.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  Madison  county,  and  re-elected  in  October,  1867, 
serving  four  years  in  that  office.  During  this  time  he  was 
also  Deputy  United  States  Marshal,  for  Madison  county, 
under  A.  Heickenlooker,  Marshal  of  the  Southern  District 
of  Ohio.  After  his  term  of  service  in  the  sheriffalty  had 
terminated,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  May  12th,  1872.  He  ojiened  an  office  in 
London,  and  practises  his  profession  in  Madison  and  ad- 
joining counties.  He  was  elected  in  April,  1875,  the  City 
Solicitor  of  London  for  a term  of  two  years.  His  progress 
so  far  in  life  is  entirely  due  to  his  own  energy  and  perse- 
verance, combined  with  unremitting  patience  and  industry, 
never  having  received  assistance  from  any  quarter  whatever. 
He  was  married,  October  14th,  1875,  Nannie,  daughter 
of  Dunkin,  of  London,  and  granddaughter  of  Simon  Kent, 
of  Madison  county,  Ohio. 


HERMAN,  JOHN,  United  .States  Senator,  like  so 
many  other  of  the  representative  men  of  Ohio, 
comes  of  sterling  old  New  England  stock.  He  is 
descended  from  one  of  the  three  Shermans  who, 
in  1634,  emigrated  from  Essex,  England,  and 
settled  in  the  new  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 
One  of  these  three  founded  the  Connecticut  branch  of  the 
family.,  and  one  of  his  great-grandsons,  who  had  become  a 
judge  in  one  of  the  Connecticut  courts,  died  in  1815,  leav- 
ing a son,  Charles  Robert  .Sherman.  This  son  was  himself 
a thoroughly  accomplished  lawyer,  and  thinking  that  the 
West  offered  better  opportunities  than  the  East  for  success 
in  his  profession,  he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  there  rapidly 
acquired  an  exten.sive  practice,  and  in  1823  became  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1829  he  died  very 
suddenly  of  cholera,  leaving  his  family  in  destitute  circum- 
stances. He  had  married  young,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  his  family  consisted  of  eleven  children.  One  of  these 
children  was  John  Sherman,  now  a member  of  the  United 
States  Sen.ite,  and  another  was  William  Tecumseh  Sherman, 
General  of  the  United  .States  Army.  John,  the  eighth  child 
of  the  family,  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Ohio,  on  May  loth, 
1823.  The  poverty  in  which  his  father’s  death  left  the 
family  did  not  prevent  his  being  sent  steadily  to  school  at 
Lancaster  and  Mount  Vernon,  up  to  the  time  when  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age.  Then  he  left  school  and  was  sent  to 
the  Muskingum  Improvement  to  become  a civil  engineer 
and  earn  his  own  livelihood.  There  he  was  placed  under 
the  care  of  Colonel  Samuel  R.  Curtis,  the  resident  engineer 
of  the  work,  and  with  him  he  remained  two  years.  These 


trvo  years  were  very  valuable  to  him,  for  he  not  only  learned 
much  of  the  profession  that  had  been  chosen  for  him,  but  he 
familiarized  himself  with  the  forms  and  methods  of  busi- 
ness, and  acquired  habits  of  • self-reliance  and  industry 
which  have  been  invaluable  to  him  in  his  subsequent 
career.  In  1838  the  Democratic  party  came  into  power. 
Colonel  Curtis  w’as  removed  from  his  position,  and  John 
Sherman  was  without  employment.  His  brother,  Charles 
T.  Sherman,  since  United  States  District  Judge  in  Ohio,  was 
then  a practising  lawyer  in  Mansfield,  and  with  this  brother 
the  displaced  youth  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He 
studied  assiduously  in  this  new  direction,  and  made  ra]iid 
progress,  and  by  the  time  his  majority  was  attained  he  was 
qualified  to  enter  upon  the  legal  profession.  The  day  after 
he  was  twenty-one  years  old  he  obtained  a license  to  prac- 
tise, and  immediately  entered  into  partnership  with  his  bro- 
ther. He  entered  at  once  upon  an  extensive  practice,  and 
rapidly  achieved  a reputation  as  an  honest,  laborious,  thor- 
oughly able  and  remarkably  successful  lawyer.  His  part- 
nership with  his  brother  continued  eleven  years,  and  was  a 
most  prosperous  one.  His -activity  in  his  profession  did  not 
prevent  his  being  equally  active  in  the  field  of  politics,  in 
which  he  took  an  earnest  and  profound  interest.  He  was 
an  ardent  Whig,  and  the  district  in  which  he  lived  was 
strongly  Pemocratic,  so  he  had  no  hope  of  obtaining  office, 
but  without  that  incentive  to  move  him,  he  worked  indus- 
triously and  effectively  in  behalf  of  his  party.  In  1848  and 
again  in  1852  he  was  sent  as  a delegate  to  the  Whig  Na- 
tional Convention,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  chosen  a 
Presidential  Elector.  In  1854,  when  the  Nebraska  issue 
came  up,  he  labored  earnestly  in  opposition  to  the  further 
extension  of  slavery,  and  to  build  up  the  political  organiza- 
tion which  soon  developed  into  the  Republican  party'. 
He  accepted  a nomination  for  Representative  in  Congress 
from  the  Thirteenth  Ohio  District,  and  was  surprised  to  find 
himself  elected.  He  entered  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  there  commenced  the 
career  which  is  so  widely  and  familiarly  known  throughout 
the  country  as  to  hardly  need  recapitulation.  He  jiroved 
himself  to  be  sjiecially  fitted  for  the  duties  of  the  position  in 
which  he  had  been  placed.  He  was  laborious  in  investiga- 
tion, patient  in  dealing  with  details,  cautious  and  accurate 
in  drawing  conclusions,  conciliatory  in  disposition,  yet  full 
of  the  “ courage  of  his  opinions,”  and  fluent  and  able  in  de« 
bate.  In  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  he 
was  a member  of  the  Kansas  Investigating  Committee,  and 
it  was  he  who  prepared  the  memorable  report  presented  by 
the  committee  to  the  House  and  to  the  country.  At  the 
close  of  the  session  the  Republican  members  of  the  House, 
through  his  influence,  adopted  the  amendment  to  the  army 
bill,  denying  the  validity  of  the  slavery-extending  laws  of 
Congress,  and  he  wrote  an  address  to  the  people  of  the 
country,  elaborating  the  principle  contained  in  that  declara- 
tion. Mr.  Seward  and  other  senators  dissented  from  it, 
and  the  doctrine  was  not  promulgated.  He  took  an  active 


534 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 


part  in  the  contest  over  the  Lecompton  Constitution  and  the 
Ihiglish  Bill  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  made  many 
speeches  full  of  power  and  force.  He  served  as  Chairman 
of  the  Naval  Investigating'  Committee,  which  exposed  the 
complicity  of  Buchanan  and  Toucey  in  the  actions  of  the 
propagandists  of  slavery ; and  he  made  a speech  upon  the 
public  expenditure,  which  was  widely  circulated  as  a cam- 
paign document.  The  contest  for  Speaker  whidi  marked 
the  opening  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  was  a most  mem- 
orable one.  He  was  the  candidate  of  the  Republicans,  and 
his  election  was  violently  opposed  by  the  Southern  members 
because  he  had  signed  a recommendation  of  Hinton  Rowan 
Helper’s  book,  “ The  Impending  Crisis.”  Through  a long 
series  of  ballots  he  lacked  but  one  or  two  votes  of  election  ; 
but  at  last,  in  order  to  end  the  “ dead-lock  ” and  secure  an 
organization,  his  name  was  withdrawn.  He  was  at  once 
made  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  j 
so  became  the  leader  of  the  House.  As  chairman  of  this  j 
committee  he  distinguished  himself  by  putting  through  the  ; 
House  the  Morrill  Tariff.  In  February,  i86i,  in  rej  ly  to 
Mr.  Pendleton,  he  made  an  important  speech,  displaying  a 
clear  and  statesmanlike  perce])tion  as  to  the  result  of  the  con-  j 
flict  that  was  then  being  precipitated  upon  the  country,  and  ' 
predicting  the  destruction  of  slavery  as  one  of  the  results  of  | 
that  conflict.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  again  for  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  but  when  Mr.  Chase  resigned  his  ! 
position  as  United  States  Senator,  he  was  elected  by  the 
Legislature  of  Ohio  to  fill  the  vacancy  thus  caused  in  the 
Senate,  and  he  has  ever  since  continued  to  occupy  a seat  in 
that  body.  He  was  placed  upon  the  Committee  of  Finance, 
the  most  important  of  all  the  Senate  committees,  and  intro- 
duced the  National  Bank  Bill,  of  which  measure,  as  well  as 
of  the  Legal  Tender  Acts,  he  had  charge  on  the  floor  and 
in  the  debates.  His  labors  were  principally  confined  to 
finance  and  taxation,  maintaining  credit  and  providing 
money  to  carry  on  the  war.  In  January,  1863,  he  made  a 
speech  against  the  continuance  of  the  State  banking  system, 
and  one  in  favor  of  the  national  banks,  both  of  which  were 
greatly  effective.  In  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  he  intro- 
duced a bill  for  funding  the  public  indebtedness,  but  the  bill 
was  mutilated  in  the  Senate  and  defeated  in  the  House. 
In  the  second  session  of  the  same  Congress  he  jiroposed  a 
substitute  for  the  Reconstruction  Bill,  which  finally  became 
a law.  In  the  Fortieth  Congress  he  was  again  Chairman  of 
the  Senate  Finance  Committee,  and  in  the  second  session  he 
reported  a new  bill  for  funding  the  national  debt  and  con- 
verting the  notes  of  the  United  States,  and  supported  the 
bill  in  a speech  of  remarkable  power.  Fventually  the  re- 
funding act — known  as  the  law  of  1870— under  which  the 
six  per  cent,  bonds  are  being  retired,  was  passed.  Since 
1855  he  has  devoted  his  attention  principally  to  the  solution 
of  the  financial  problems  presented  by  the  condition  of  the 
nation,  and  the  series  of  measures  he  has  introduced  have 
alt  been  designed  to  strengthen  the  public  credit  and  to 
place  the  national  finances  on  a permanently  sound  basis. 


One  of  the  most  important  of  these,  preparing  for  the  re- 
sumption of  specie  payments  in  1879,  been  a prominent 
topic  of  discussion  during  the  present  (1876)  session  of 
Congress. 


^ANS FIELD,  HON.  JARED,  Surveyor  and 
Teacher,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
about  the  year  1759.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1777,  and  afterwards  taught  school  in  his  na- 
tive city  and  Thiladelphia.  His  scholarly  attain- 
ments becoming  known  to  Thomas  Jeft'erson,  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  at  West 
Point.  About  this  time  the  publication  of  his  “ Mathe- 
matical and  Physical  Essays”  brought  him  considerable 
reputation,  and  he  took  a prominent  place  among  the  scien- 
tific men  of  the  nation.  About  the  time  the  State  of  Ohio 
was  created.  President  Jefferson  appointed  him  Surveyor- 
General  of  the  Northwestern  Territories,  to  succeed  General 
Rufus  Putnam.  He  introduced  many  improvements  in  the 
mode  of  effecting  surveys  by  rectangular  co-ordinates,  which 
subsequently  received  the  sanction  of  law.  He  afterwards 
resumed  his  position  at  West  Point,  where  he  remained 
until  a few  years  previous  to  his  death,  when  he  retired  to 
Cincinnati.  He  died  while  on  a visit  to  his  native  city, 
February  3d,  1830.  He  was  a man  of  extraordinary  mathe- 
matical genius  and  varied  abilities.  Flis  character  wa-s 
pure  and  his  disposition  generous  and  sincere.  Dr. 
Daniel  Drake,  of  Cincinnati,  was  his  son-in-law.  IMans- 
field,  the  county-seat  of  Richland,  laid  out  in  1808,  was 
named  in  honor  of  him. 


INSLEY,  THOMAS  RICHARD,  Architect,  was 
born,  August  23d,  1849,  in  Clonmel,  county  of 
Tipperary,  Ireland,  and  is  the  sixth  son  of  Wil- 
liam Tinsley,  architect  (whose  biographical  sketch 
appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume).  He  was  two 
years  old  when  his  parents  removed  to  the  United 
States.  Owing  to  a peculiar  impediment  he  could  not 
speak  until  he  was  ten  years  old,  and  consequently  at  that 
time  had  not  mastered  the  alphabet.  The  impediment, 
however,  totally  disappeared.  His  early  education  was  ob- 
tained in  the  common  schools  of  Indianapolis  and  Cincin- 
nati, and  in  1862  he  went  to  the  Ohio  W’esleyan  University, 
at  Delaware,  where  he  passed  but  a single  year,  as  his 
health  had  become  impaired.  His  educational  attainments 
are  self-acquired,  he  being  a home  student.  He  subse- 
quently passed  some  years  in  his  father’s  office,  qualifying 
himself  for  his  future  professional  career.  In  the  spring  of 
1870  he  was  appointed  .Superintendent  of  Construction  of 
the  Ohio  State  Blind  Asylum,  at  Columbus.  While  still 
holding  that  position,  he  was,  early  in  1871,  appointed  Su- 
perintendent of  the  great  Public  Fountain,  Cincinnati.  In 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 


S3S 


1S72  he  was  taken  into  partnership  with  his  father;  this 
was  shortly  afterwards  dissolved,  and,  resigning  his  position 
at  the  Blind  Asylum,  he  went  to  Chicago  in  August  of  that 
year,  and  was  immediately  appointed  General  Superintendent 
of  the  McCormick  Reaper  Works,  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
existence.  This  building  was  finished  in  December,  1872. 
Having  contracted  a severe  cold,  he  entertained  ideas  of 
relinquishing  his  profession  and  entering  some  other;  hut 
upon  the  urgent  request  of  the  authorities  connected  with 
the  Blind  Asylum,  he  returned  to  Columbus  in  June,  1873, 
and  w.as  appointed  Assistant  Architect  and  Superintendent, 
being  given  full  charge  of  the  building  and  its  finances. 
During  this  year,  he  also  had  charge  of  the  Ohio  St.ate 
Library  enlargements,  etc.  He  was  appointed,  April  13th, 
1S74,  Chief  .-Vrchitect  of  the  Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asvlum. 
This  .appointment  was  indeed  a success;  for  he  was  not  yet 
twenty-five  years  old,  and  withal  a Republican,  yet  he  was 
choseii  over  more  than  twenty  competitors,  by  a Demo- 
cratic commission,  and  was  confirmed  by  Governor  Allen. 
Moreover,  this  building  was  made  a point  of  issue  in  the 
campaign  between  the  Republicans  and  Democrats.  At 
one  of  the  subsequent  great  ratification  meetings  at  the  State 
House,  several  of  the  Democratic  speakers — one  being 
General  S.  F.  Cary — paid  him  the  compliment  by  saying 
that  “ his  appointment  was  owing  strictly  to  the  ability, 
economy,  and  enterprise,  exhibited  by  him  at  the  Blind 
Asylum.’*  The  Lunatic  .Asylum  is  an  immense  structure, 
having  a frontage  of  nearly  1200  feet,  and  in  its  construction 
requiring  Well  nigh  45,000,000  bricks,  is  fire-proof,  and  will 
cost,  completed,  about  $2,250,000.  At  the  time  of  Mullett’s 
removal  as  Lnited  .States  Architect,  Thomas’  name  was 
favorably  tnentioned  by  the  Ohio  press  in  connection  with 
the  office.  He  now  has  full  control  of  his  father’s  business, 
the  latter  having  retired  from  active  pursuits.  Beside  his 
State  office,  he  carries  on  his  business  in  both  Columbus 
and  Cincinnati.  He  now  has  charge  of  the  new  buildings 
of  the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  the  State  House  improve- 
ments, besides  other  buildings.  He  was  the  designer  and 
author  of  the  steam  heating  and  ventilation  plans  of  the 
Lunatic  Asylum,  the  cost  of  the  apparatus  being  $100,000. 
He  is  one  of  the  incorporators  and  stockholders  of  the  Ohio 
Silver  Mining  and  Smelting  Company  of  Utah.  He  is  yet 
unmarried. 


^UI )I\ IN’S,  \\  ILI.LAM,  M.  D., was  born  in  Guilford 
county.  North  Carolina,  .September  1st,  1788,  and 
was  consequently  in  his  seventy-third  year  at  the 
time  of  his  decease,  on  June  22d,  1861.  In  1806 
he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two,  in  1811,  commenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Jefferson  county,  in  that  State.  After  twenty-one 
years  of  successful  practice  in  that  county,  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati  in  1832,  where  he  ever  after  resided  and  prac- 
tised, with  the  exception  of  a few  months’  residence  in  the 


country.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in  the  profes- 
sion, and  few  persons  had  lived  longer,  uninterruptedly,  in 
the  city.  As  a physician  and  surgeon  his  standing  and 
reputation  were  exceptionally  high.  Few  men  in  his  pro- 
fession, probably,  possessed  a clearer  and  more  comprehen- 
sive view  of  diseases,  and  arrived  so  readily  at  a conclusion 
with  a prompt  and  simple  treatment.  He  continued  his 
professional  readings  to  within  a few  months  of  his  death, 
and,  unlike  most  old  physicians  who  entered  the  profession 
early  in  the  century,  he  was  able  to  advance  with  the  tide  of 
scientific  and  medical  progress.  He  was  in  his  last  years  a 
young  old  man,  keeping  fully  abreast  of  his  age.  As  early 
as  1822  he  performed  some  remarkable  surgical  operations, 
accounts  of  which  were  published  in  the  journals  of  the  day. 
On  account  of  these  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from 
Transylvania  Medical  College,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky. 
As  medical  journals  sprang  up  over  the  AVest  during  his 
long  professional  career,  he  became  a frequent  contiibutor 
to  their  columns,  and  in  every  way  tried  to  advance  the 
cause  in  which  he  spent  nearly  his  whole  life.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Medicine.  He  was 
by  birth  a member  of  the  .Society  of  Friends,  and  remained 
during  his  life  in  that  connection,  conforming  to  its  customs 
in  dress  and  language.  His  manners  w'ere  gentle,  cour- 
teous and  pleasing,  although  his  early  education  was  defi- 
cient. This  deficiency  he  largely  corrected  during  a long 
life  of  careful  reading  and  study,  and  came  to  stand  de- 
servedly high  in  his  profession,  and  lived  and  died  a Chris- 
tian, universally  esteemed.  He  left  five  children,  two 
daughters  and  three  sons.  His  sons,  David,  Charles  Tahncr 
and  William,  are  all  practising  physicians  of  Cincinnati. 


‘EVEREUX,  JOHN  HENRY,  Civil  Engineer 
and  Railroad  President,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  April  5th,  1832,  and  is  the  son  of 
Captain  John  Deveretix,  of  the  merchant  marine, 
whose  family  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the 
colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  New  Ifngland. 
His  ancestors  were  of  the  aristocracy  of  England,  he  being 
of  the  twenty-sixth  generation  in  England  and  of  the  seventh 
in  this  country,  in  a direct  line,  from  Robert  de  Ehroicis  or 
Robert  D’Evreux,  known' in  history  as  one  of  the  Norman 
conquerors  of  England  of  1066.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  in  Portsmouth  Academy,  New  I lampshire, 
and  removed  to  Ohio  early  in  1848,  when  but  sixteen  years 
of  age,  and  ns  a civil  engineer  found  employment  on  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati  & Columbus  Railroad.  After  that 
road  was  completed  he  was  engaged  on  the  Cleveland, 
Painesville  & Ashtabula  Railroad  as  Constructing  Engineer. 
From  1852  to  1861  he  was  engaged  in  Tennessee  as  civil 
engineer,  in  constructing  railroads.  He  intended  to  make 
the  South  his  permanent  home,  but  the  war  drove  him  to 


536 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


the  North,  as  he  could  not  be  a rebel.  In  the  spring  of 
1862  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Military  Railroads 
in  Virginia.  This  was  the  hardest  office  to  fill  in  the  entire 
war  department.  There  were  no  shops,  no  tools,  cars  out 
of  repair,  and  enemies  constantly  destroying  the  roadbeds, 
officers  of  the  army  ever  ready  to  find  fault,  spies  and  ped- 
dlers filling  all  the  trains,  and  other  obstacles  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Mr.  Devereux  at  once  drove  every  peddler, 
spy  and  thief  from  his  lines.  His  army  of  trained  em- 
ployes had  the  fullest  confidence  in  his  management,  and 
would  at  any  time  and  at  the  greatest  peril  take  a train 
through  on  time.  Major-General  Meade  said  he  had  never 
been  “so  magnificently”  served  in  rations  and  forage. 
Very  soon  his  herculean  labors  were  appreciated  by  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  and  Pidwin  M.  Stanton,  and  no  power  of 
“ shoulder-straps”  could  effect  his  removal.  Stanton’s  first 
despatch  to  him  at  Alexandria,  one  spring  night,  not  far 
from  midnight,  was : “ How  soon  could  transportation  be 
upon  Maryland  avenue,  sent  from  Alexandria,  for  ten  thou- 
sand men  ? ” Before  the  message  was  completed  on  paper, 
he  gave  the  reply  in  three  words,  “ Within  sixty  minutes.” 
Mr.  Stanton  was  surprised,  and  expressed  his  incredulity, 
but  again  telegraphed,  “ Send  them  on.”  In  an  instant  the 
Secretary  was  surprised  by  another  despatch,  “ They  are  al- 
ready on  the  way.”  The  headlight  of  the  first  engine  was  then 
shining  towards  Long  Bridge,  and  the  entire  convoy  was 
upon  Maryland  avenue  within  the  designated  “ sixty  min- 
utes.” In  the  spring  of  1864  he  resigned  his  position  as 
Superintendent  of  Military  Railroads,  and  received  the  ap- 
probation of  all  with  whom  he  had  had  bilsiness  relations. 
On  his  return  to  Ohio  he  accepted  the  management  of  the 
Cleveland  & Pittsburgh  Railroad,  and  was  its  Vice-President 
and  General  Superintendent  for  five  years.  In  1866  he  was 
made  Vice-President  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad  Company, 
and  soon  after  was  made  its  President.  When  all  the  lines 
were  consolidated  between  Buffalo  and  Chicago,  under  the 
name  of  Lake  Shore  & Michigan  Southern  Railroad  Com- 
pany, he  was  appointed  General  Manager,  and  had  execu- 
tive control  of  this  great  line,  with  its  important  branches 
and  leased  connections.  In  June,  1873,  he  accepted  the 
position  of  President  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincin- 
nati & Indianapolis  Railroad  Company,  and  in  the  same 
year  was  elected  President  of  the  .\tlantic  & Great  Western 
Railroad  Company,  holding  both  positions;  and  at  the  same 
time  was  President  of  other  railroad  companies  whose  lines 
formed  part  of  the  system  of  the  larger  companies  under 
his  direction.  When  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  the 
Atlantic  & Great  Western  Railroad,  it  was  nearly  bankrupt 
though  mismanagement.  He  endeavored  to  regain  that 
which  had  been  lost,  but  was  unable  under  its  financial 
management,  and  in  the  first  of  the  year  1875  6e  resigned 
the  positions  of  President  and  Director  and  was  appointed 
its  Receiver.  All  parties  were  entirely  satisfied  with  this 
appointment,  for  they  knew  his  were  safe  anrl  honorable 
hands.  In  the  spring  of  1875  he  was  again  elected  Presi- 


dent of  the  Atlantic  & Great  Western  Railroad  Company, 
and  is  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  official  positions. 
He  has  never  been  a politician,  but  before  the  war  made 
speeches  in  Tennessee  for  the  Union.  Twice  he  has  been 
tendered  a nomination  to  Congress,  but  declined.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  In  i860  he  was 
elected  Thrice  Illustrious  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Ma- 
sonic Council  of  Tennessee,  which  shows  how  high  he 
ranks  in  the  Masonic  order.  In  1853  he  married  Antoinette 
C.  Kelsey,  daughter  of  Hon.  Lorenzo  A.  Kelsey,  former 
Mayor  of  Cleveland,  and  has  four  children. 


UCKLAND,  HON.  RALPH  POMEROV,  Law- 
yer, was  born  in  Leydon,  Massachusetts,  Januaiy 
I2th,  1812.  He  is  the  son  of  Ralph  P.  Buckland, 
born  at  East  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  Ann 
Kent,  born  at  Middletown,  in  that  State.  His 
father  went  to  Portage  county,  Ohio,  in  1810, 
as  a surveyor.  The  senior  Buckland  was  a soldier  in  the 
war  of  1S12,  and  surrendered  at  Detroit  with  IIull’s  army. 
The  family  moved  to  Portage  county  in  the  spring  of  1813, 
where  the  father  soon  died.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  at- 
tended common  and  academic  schools,  and  passed  the 
scholastic  year  of  1834-35  at  Kenyon  College,  Ohio.  Before 
he  had  completed  his  education  he  went  down  the  Missis- 
sippi to  Natchez,  and  from  there  to  New  Orleans,  in  charge 
of  a flatboat  loaded  with  flour.  He  was  for  some  time  em- 
ployed as  a clerk  in  the  cotton  house  of  Harris,  Wright  & 
Co.  After  leaving  Kenyon  College  he  began  to  read  law 
with  Gregory  Powers,  Esq.,  at  Middlebiiry,  Ohio,  finish- 
ing his  course  in  the  office  of  Whittlesey  & Newton, 
at  Canfield.  In  the  spring  of  1837  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  On  the  ist  of  June,  1837,  he  opened  a law  office  at 
Lower  Sandusky  (now  Eremont),  where  he  soon  acquired  a 
large  practice.  In  January,  1838,  he  was  married  to  Char- 
lotte Boughton,  of  Canfield.  Mr.  Buckland  took  a deep 
interest  in  political  affairs,  being  a Delegate  to  the  Whig 
National  Convention  of  1848.  In  1855,  and  again  in  1857, 
he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  in  which  position  he 
performed  faithful  service  for  bis  constituents  and  his  State. 
He  entered  the  army  in  January  of  1862  as  Colonel  of  the 
72d  Regiment  of  the  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was 
commandant  of  Camp  Chase  in  P’ebruary,  1862.  He  com- 
manded a brigade  in  Sherman’s  army  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
in  April  of  1862,  and  in  Grant’s  Mississippi  campaign,  in 
December  of  the  same  year,  he  led  an  expedition  against 
Forrest  in  West  Tennessee,  and  commanded  a brigade  in  the 
campaign  and  siege  of  Vicksburg.  For  valiant  service  in 
the  field  he  was  commissioned  a Brigadier,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  war  was  commissioned  a Major-General.  His  gallant 
bearing  at  the  head  of  his  brigade  in  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg attracted  special  attention.  He  commanded  the  dis- 
trict of  Memphis  in  1864,  and  repulsed  Forrest’s  attack  on 
the  city  of  Memphis.  In  this  year  he  was  elected  to  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


537 


giess,  being  re-elected  in  1866.  While  in  Congress  he  was 
a member  of  the  Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hayes  a member 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Ohio  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’ 
Orphans’  Home.  He  served  as  President  of  the  Board  for 
four  years.  Since  the  war  General  Buckland  has  resided 
at  his  old  home,  Fremont,  Sandusky  county.  In  the  winter 
of  1875  he  made  the  tour  of  the  West  Indies  in  the  sailing 
yacht  “ Tarolinto,”  as  the  guest  of  the  owner,  Henry  A. 
Kent,  of  New  York,  in  company  with  Judge  Ranney  and 
Dr.  .Streeter,  of  Cleveland,  sailing  over  7000  miles  and 
touching  at  the  islands  of  Barbadoes,  Trinidad,  Grenada, 
Martinique,  Santa  Cruz,  St.  Thomas,  Porto  Rico,  St. 
Domingo,  Jamaica  and  Cuba. 


.\RUS,  CARL,  Professor  of  Music,  was  born,  Oc- 
tober I2th,  1823,  in  Schurgart,  Silesia.  'He  was 
sent  to  school  in  Oppeln  at  the  age  of  six  years. 
In  1833  he  entered  the  Gymnasium  and  began 
the  study  of  music.  In  1838  he  went  to  Bireg, 
to  receive  instructions  on  the  organ  under  Pro- 
fessor Forster,  and  in  vocal  music  under  Professor  Fisher. 
From  1841  to  1844  he  studied  thorough  bass  under  Professor 
Hesse,  and  received  instructions  on  the  piano-forte  under 
Professor  Richter,  at  the  Royal  Seminary  in  Breslau.  In 
1844  he  entered  the  Royal  School  of  Architecture.  He 
was  about  to  stand  his  examination  for  Royal  Architect 
when  the  revolution  of  1848  disturbed  the  country  and 
obliged  him  to  come  to  America,  where  he  landed  in  May, 
1849.  He  purchased  a farm  near  Saginaw  City,  Michigan, 
and  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  training  a singing  society 
of  forty-five  male  voices.  In  1851  Professor  Bams  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  organizing  a concert  troupe,. in  connec- 
tion with  a friend,  Mr.  Dickmann.  Professor  Barus  went 
to  Cincinnati  and  Mr.  Dickmann  to  New  York  to  secure 
talent.  The  former  found  an  engagement  to  keep  him  in 
Cincinnati  and  the  latter  met  with  equal  good  fortune  in 
New  York,  and  that  put  an  end  to  the  concert  troupe 
jiroject.  Professor  Barus’  first  engagement  in  Cincinnati 
was  as  Leader  in  the  German  Theatre.  In  1852  he  was 
employed  as  Leader  of  the  Germania  Liedertafel  and  Di- 
rector of  the  Turner  .Singing  Society.  In  1856  he  took  the 
I.eadership  of  the  Philharmonic  Society,  composed  of  forty- 
five  skilled  musicians  who  performed  the  symphonies  of  the 
best  composers.  In  1858  he  accepted  the  Leadership  of 
the  Cincinnati  Maennerchor,  and  played  in  concert  and 
opera  besides.  In  the  following  year  he  became  Director  of 
the  new  Orpheus  Society,  which  at  first  performed  in  opera 
and  then  devoted  itself  to  classical  concerts.  He  organized 
the  Harmonic  Society,  composed  of  Americans,  in  i860, 
which  under  his  leadership  produced  the  most  popular  of 
the  oratorios.  In  addition  to  his  other  labors  Professor 
Barus  led  the  singing  festivals  of  all  the  societies  in  the 
68 


W'est,  viz.  : at  Canton,  in  1854;  at  Indianapolis,  in  1858; 
at  Lafayette,  in  1859;  at  Terre  Haute,  in  i860;  at  Colum- 
bus, in  1865  ; and  again  at  Indianapolis,  in  1867.  He  has 
been  organist  in  the  Jewish  Tenqile  on  Plum  street,  Cin- 
cinnati, performing  a like  service  in  several  Christian 
churches  in  that  city.  Since  1858  he  has  been  Professor 
of  Music  in  the  Wesleyan  College. 


6 


AMNITZ,  JOSIAH  UPTDEGRAFF,  Engineer, 
•was  born,  April  4th,  1815,  at  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
of  German  parentage.  Early  in  life  he  went  to 
Gallipolis,  where  he  received  as  fair  an  educa- 
tion as  could  be  obtained  in  the  schools  of  that 
place.  He  lived  at  home  and  was  variously  em- 
ployed until  1834,  when  he  started  out  to  make  his  own 
way  in  the  world.  Starting  with  a natural  inclination  for 
mechanical  pursuits,  he  had  acquired  considerable  valuable 
knowledge  of  machinery  by  close  observation.  He  was 
thus  fitted  to  accept  an  opening  which  offered  at  Cincin- 
nati, where  he  engaged  as  .Second  Engineer  of  the  steamer 
“Potomac.”  Without  any  apprenticeship  or  previous  train- 
ing he  entered  upon  his  new  duties  and  discharged  them 
satisfactorily.  For  a period  of  four  years  Mr.  Camnitz  was 
employed  as  Second  Engineer  on  different  steamboats.  In 
1838  he  became  Chief  Engineer  of  the  steamer  “ Dayton.” 
He  ran  on  the  Ohio  continuously  for  several  years,  until  he 
became  well  known  as  a trustworthy  engineer  and  had  ac- 
cumulated some  means.  There  came  a time  when  business 
on  the  Ohio  was  slack,  and  Mr.  Camnitz  thought  he  saw  a 
good  opening  on  the  Miami  canal.  A few  months  demon- 
strated his  error,  and  he  returned  to  the  river,  soon  securing 
a good  situation  as  engineer.  During  his  long  career  Mr. 
Camnitz  has  boated  on  every  navigable  stream,  except  the 
Kentucky,  from  Pittsburgh  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi. 
During  the  war  he  was  Captain  of  the  “ Peerless,”  which 
lay  in  Mobile  bay  on  the  day  of  President  Lincoln’s  assas- 
sination. After  the  declaration  of  peace  Captain  Camnitz 
returned  to  Pittsburgh  and  bought  the  “ Nynq.ih  No.  2,” 
with  which  he  engaged  in  the  Mobile  trade.  In  an  ex- 
perience of  forty  years  Captain  Camnitz  had  not  a single 
accident  by  which  human  life  was  sacrificed  or  placed  in 
jeopardy.  This  was  the  result  of  care,  sobriety  and  skill 
in  the  days  when  the  gauge-cock,  safety-valve  and  old- 
fashioned  supply-pump  had  not  yet  given  way  to  the  im- 
proved steamboat  engines  of  modern  construction.  The 
fame  of  this  exjierienced  engineer  and  boatman  went  up 
and  down  the  valleys  of  the  Ohio  and  the  Mississippi,  and 
in  1874  he  was  called  to  an  easier  life.  The  directors  of 
Long  View  Asylum,  regarding  him  as  well  for  his  care  as 
his  skill,  appointed  him  Engineer  at  that  institution.  He 
now  holds  that  position,  and  is  as  active  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duty  as  when  he  first  laid  hold  of  a valve.  In  1840 
he  married  11.  Jane  Lytle,  of  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  1863  he 


538 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


married  his  present  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  K.  Sutherland, 
daughter  of  Charles  Oscar  Tracy,  a prominent  lawyer 
of  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 


'ELLEBUSII,  CLEMENS,  Wholesale  Jeweller, 
was  born,  December  l8th,  1832,  in  the  village 
of  Boeringhausen,  near  Uamine,  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Ger- 
many, and  is  a son  of  Hermann  and  Elizabeth 
Helle.bush.  His  father,  as  well  as  his  two  elder 
brothers,  were  school  teachers,  the  former  having  followed 
that  calling  for  over  half  a century.  From  these  he  re- 
ceived a good  German  education,  and  when  fifteen  years 
old  concluded  to  seek  his  fortunes  in  the  United  States, 
whither  his  brother  Frank  had  already  preceded  him,  and 
was  at  that  time  teaching  a school  in  Cincinnati.  On  his 
arrival  in  the  latter  city  he  joined  his  brother,  with  whom 
he  remained  a year  in  the  capacity  of  pupil  and  assistant 
teacher;  he  also  learned  music,  his  brother  being  a cele- 
brated composer,  and  for  thirty  years  organist  in  the  Church 
of  the  Mother  of  God,  in  Covington,  Kentucky.  Clemens 
was  also  educated  with  a view  of  becoming  a teacher,  but 
he  elected  to  enter  into  mercantile  pursuits.  When  seven- 
teen years  old  he  entered  the  house  of  Messrs.  Storch  & 
Co.,  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  nine  months,  and  then 
obtained  a situation  as  clerk  in  the  dry-goods  house  of  J. 
L.  Boutellier,  the  largest  retail  house  on  Fourth  street. 
He  there  occupied  the  responsible  position  of  cashier, 
handling  large  sums  of  money  daily,  the  duties  of  which  he 
performed  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  his  employer.  He 
here  acquired  a knowledge  of  business  which  has  been  of 
great  advantage  to  him  throughout  his  career;  but  the 
wages  he  there  received  did  not  appear  to  him  enough 
compensation  for  the  services  he  rendered,  and  at  the  end 
of  eighteen  months  he  entered  the  jewelry  house  of  Theo- 
dore Oskamp,  who  had  recently  started  in  the  wholesale 
trade.  In  about  four  years  after  his  employment  com- 
menced the  proprietor  died,  leaving  the  business  in  the 


hands  of  his  brother,  Clemens  Oskamp,  who  gave  to 
Clemens  Hellebush  an  interest  in  the  business  under  a 
contract  which  had  five  years  to  run;  and,  at  the  expiration 
thereof,  renewed  the  said  contract  for  another  term  of  five 
years,  and  increased  his  interest  to  one-third  of  the  profits. 
At  the  expiration  of  the  second  term  of  five  years  of  the 
partnership,  having  now  been  fourteen  years  connected 
with  the  house,  he  saw  other  fields  in  which  he  could 
better  his  condition  and  build  up  a business  of  his  own,  and 
which  he  thought,  in  the  end,  would  be  more  profitable, 
and  certainly  pleasanter.  Accordingly,  not  only  from  his 
own  conviction,  but  acting  on  the  advice  of  his  friends,  and 
also  upon  the  solicitations  of  the  many  customers  which  he 
had  made,  he  opened,  in  January,  1866,  a wholesale  jew- 
elry house  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Pearl  and  Main 
streets,  where  he  yet  remains  and  where  his  business  has 


steadily  increased  from  year  to  year,  until,  for  the  past 
three  years,  he  has  surpassed  all  others  in  the  same  line, 
not  only  in  the  city,  but  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  It  has 
been  a matter  of  surprise  and  astonishment  to  importers 
and  manufacturers  in  the  East  that  his  business  has  grown 
to  such  enormous  proportions.  He  employs  no  travelling 
agents,  but  relies  upon  strict  integrity  and  honorable  deal- 
ing as  the  best  advertisement ; a customer  once  secured, 
rarely  ever  leaves  him.  He  has  effected  arrangements  with 
the  manufacturers  by  which  he  monopolizes  his  own 
specialties  in  articles  of  jewelry,  silver  and  plated  ware;  so 
that  the  same  patterns  cannot  be  found  in  any  other  house. 
He  also  has  special  contracts  for  the  celebrated  Seth  Thomas 
clocks  and  the  Longine  watch.  He  is  also  constantly  in 
the  receipt  of  large  importations  of  French  clocks  and  other 
goods  from  Paris,  and  also  from  Pforzheim,  the  most  ex- 
tensive jewelry  manufacturing  place  in  Baden,  Germany. 
He  employs  a large  number  of  first-class  jewellers,  who 
manufacture  to  his  own  taste  and  design  the  greater  portion 
of  his  domestic  goods,  and  who  do  work  to  order,  such  as 
setting  diamonds,  also  solid  gold  and  silver  work.  During 
the  past  year  his  sales  amounted  to  ^325,000;  and  are  in- 
creasing at  the  rate  of  $25,000  per  annum.  His  residence 
is  at  Walnut  Hills,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  suburbs  of 
Cincinnati,  and  is  surrounded  with  large  grounds,  five  acres, 
elegantly  laid  out,  the  value  of  this  property  being  over 
$50,000.  He  is  also  the  owner  of  other  real  estate  in  Cov- 
ington, Kentucky,  his  former  place  of  residence,  which  is 
also  worth  over  $50,000.  He  was  prominent  as  one  of  the 
Building  Committee  and  also  as  Trustee  in  the  erection  of 
the  beautiful  edifice  on  Sixth  street,  Covington,  called  the 
Church  of  the  Mother  of  God,  which  is  built  after  the  style 
of  St.  Peter’s  Church,  Rome,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  eccle- 
siastical structures  in  the  Western  country ; and  great  credit 
is  due  him  for  the  assistance  he  rendered  Rev.  Father  Fer- 
dinand Kuehr,  as  well  as  the  congregation,  for  the  interest 
he  manifested  in  its  erection.  From  the  foregoing  remarks 
it  will  be  seen  that  he  is  the  architect  of  his  own  fortunes, 
emphatically  a self-made  man ; and  no  one  in  the  com- 
munity is  more  respected  and  no  business  man  stands 
higher  than  himself.  He  was  married  in  Cincinnati,  May 
8th,  1855,  to  Elizabeth  Specker,  and  is  the  father  of  eleven 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  living. 


•RKENBRECKER,  ANDREW,  Starch  Manufac- 
turer, of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Heilgers- 
dorf,  near  Saxe-Coburg,  Bavaria,  July  4th,  1821. 
He  enjoyed  the  best  educational  advantages  until 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  States  with  his  father, 
Henry  Erkenbrecker,  his  mother  and  sister  Mary. 
They  landed  at  New  York,  July  l8th,  1836,  and  thence 
])roceeded  westward  ; after  a journey  of  four  months  they 
reached  Cincinnati,  and  there  settled  on  the  farm  of  Major 


OcdaxyPuh  Co-  PhUad^ 


!• 


V 


. .•JK 


\ 


^ ■>  ,' 

■ * V ' . 

ip  *('  <■"•*.  ■ 


V «; 


‘ i * 'I 

0 . f-  ■ . .irl  . . 

■ '•  ’■ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 


539 


Daniel  Gaw,  near  Carthage,  the  whole  family  being  em- 
ployed at  twenty  dollars  per  month.  With  the  aid  of  Mrs. 
Tiley  and  daughter,  who  resided  at  the  farm,  Andrew  set 
about  the  acquirement  of  a knowledge  of  the  English  lan- 
guage ; and,  having  attained  some  proficiency,  moved  to 
Cincinnati  and  entered  the  store  of  John  Myers,  a candy 
manufacturer,  on  Main  street.  He  subsequently  served  as 
clerk  in  the  old  Mansion  House,  and  afterward  in  the 
grocery  store  of  Charles  Remelin,  on  Fifth  street,  opposite 
the  present  site  of  the  Fountain  Boulevard.  By  rigid 
economy  he  had  saved  from  his  earnings  an  amount  suf- 
ficient to  enable  him  to  embark  in  business  on  his  own  ac- 
count in  1843.  He  took  a small  mill  on  Lock  street,  near 
Fifth,  where  he  commenced  the  manufacture  of  flour,  feed 
and  pearl  barley,  to  which  he  soon  added  starch  ; in  the 
latter’  branch  he  only  consumed  about  thirty  bushels  of 
grain  per  day,  the  product  being  entirely  consumed  in  the 
home  retail  trade.  As  necessity  required  he  increased  the 
capacity  of  his  works,  and  finally,  in  1851,  erected  a factory 
at  Morrow,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  capable  of  con- 
suming one  hundred  bushels  of  grain  per  day.  This  quan- 
tity was  increased  with  the  demand,  having  reached  three 
hundred  bushels  per  day,  when  the  building  with  all  its 
contents  was  destroyed  by  fire,  April  13th,  i860.  He  thus 
lost  the  greater  portion  of  the  accumulations  of  years  of  in- 
defatigable labor ; but,  nothing  daunted,  he  set  about  a 
reparation  of  his  loss.  Purchasing  the  site  of  his  present 
works,  upon  which  there  then  stood  an  old  starch  factory, 
he  resumed  operations.  He  had  given  years  of  study  and 
patient  labor  to  the  perfection  of  his  work,  and  in  April, 
1 865,  commenced  the  erection  of  his  present  capacious  fac- 
tory, which  is  built  upon-  plans  which  have  been  the  results 
of  diligent  research,  and  upon  the  various  features  of  which 
he  holds  patents.  It  is  four  stories  in  height,  with  a front- 
age of  201  feet  on  the  Miami  canal  and  an  average  depth 
of  165  feet.  It  has  a capacity  for  the  production  of  about 
22  tons  of  starch  per  day,  which  consumes  about  20Cxd 
bushels  of  corn.  Of  the  internal  arrangements,  which  are 
most  complete,  the  most  noteworthy  are  the  tanks  of  stone 
and  cement,  which  have  entirely  superseded  all  wooden 
vessels  as  receptacles  of  the  starch  in  a fluid  state.  All  the 
unloading  is  done  by  means  of  elevators  patented  by  him. 
In  addition  to  the  building  above  mentioned  capacious 
warehouses  have  been  added,  as  required.  A switch  from 
the  railroad,  together  with  the  canal,  affords  abundant 
facilities  for  transportation.  The  goods  are  shipped  direct 
to  all  parts  of  the  world,  without  intermediate  handling  by 
agents,  an  average  of  about  fifteen  thousand  boxes  being 
shipped  monthly  to  foreign  countries.  The  factory  took 
the  Medal  of  Progress,  as  the  model  factory  of  the  world,  at 
the  Vienna  Exposition,  in  1873;  also  the  highest  medal 
for  starch  over  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  competitors. 
Though  engrossed  in  business  affairs,  he  has  given  time  to 
the  furtherance  of  the  public  interests.  He  originated  the 
Cincinnati  Acclimatization  .Society,  in  1871,  which  has 


for  its  object  the  introduction  to  this  country  of  all  useful, 
insect-eating  European  birds,  as  well  as  the  best  singers ; 
and  to  see  to  it  that  the  imported  as  well  as  the  domestic 
birds  have  a better  protection  against  the  attacks  of  heart- 
less men  and  thoughtless  boys ; that  the  shooting  of  useful 
birds  be  prevented  and  the  destruction  of  birds’  nests  be 
stopped,  with  all  legal  means  at  the  disposal  of  the  society. 
Of  this  he  has  been  President  since  its  organization.  In 
1873  1’®  organized  the  Zoological  Society  of  Cincinnati,  a 
joint  stock  company,  which  has  for  its  object  the  establish- 
ment and  maintenance  of  a zoological  garden  at  Cincinnati, 
and  the  study  and  dissemination  of  a knowledge  of  the 
nature  and  habits  of  the  creatures  of  the  animal  kingdom. 
Of  this  society  he  is  the  Treasurer,  and  to  both  he  has  been 
a liberal  contributor  in  money  and  labor,  being  indefatigable 
in  his  efforts  to  achieve  for  them  the  success  they  so  richly 
deserve.  He  was  married  in  1845  to  the  daughter  of  John 
Myers,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  she  died  in  1866,  and  he  was 
again  married  in  1871  to  Matilda  Cunningham,  of  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 


"CKERT,  HON.  THOMA.S  F.,  Engineer,  Legis- 
lator and  President  of  the  Western  Insurance 
Company  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  born  near 
Alexandria,  Campbell  county,  Kentucky,  July 
I2th,  1809.  His  grandparents,  George  and 
Susan  Eckert,  were  natives  of  Berlin,  Prussia, 
where  the  former  was  a successful  and  opulent  merchant. 
Deeming  the  new  vyorld  better  adapted  to  the  raising  of  a 
family,  and  to  offer  greater  inducements  to  capitalists,  he 
loaded  a brig  at  Hamburg  with  merchandise  and  200,000 
bricks,  and  with  his  brothers,  Leonard  and  Jacob,  and  his 
sister  Susan,  sailed  for  the  United  States.  He  landed  at 
Philadelphia,  built  a house  of  his  bricks  and  engaged  in 
business  as  a merchant.  After  some  years  he  removed  to 
Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  erected  the  first  brick 
house,  and  in  it  Leonard,  the  father  of  Thomas  F.,  was 
born.  When  Leonard  was  twelve  years  of  age  his  father 
died,  leaving  a large  estate.  He  and  his  sister  Susan  were 
left  to  the  care  of  their  mother,  who  married  again  in  a few 
years',  and  one  of  the  uncles  was  appointed  guardian  to  the 
children.  Upon  attaining  their  majority  they  found  a large 
part  of  their  property  squandered,  and  were  obliged  to  ap- 
peal to  the  courts  for  the  possession  of  what  remained. 
After  the  accomplishment  of  this  and  the  marriage  of  both 
they  left  Lancaster  to  seek  a home  in  the  West.  Leonard 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Colonel  William  Cheshire,  the 
revolutionaiy  hero,  who  was  killed  by  the  fall  of  a tree 
while  on  duty  near  Bunker  Hill.  She  was  first  cousin  to 
Richard  M.  Johnson,  Vice-President  of  the  United  .States 
under  Van  Buren,  who  killed  Tecumseh,  and  sustained  the 
.same  relation  to  Daniel  Boone,  the  distinguished  Kentucky 
pioneer,  as  well  as  to  General  Squire  and  Elijah  Grove, 


540 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


distinguished  officers  of  the  war  of  1812.  She  was  the  step- 
daughter of  John  Nornavill,  Washington’s  patriotic  drum- 
major,  who,  though  an  Englishman  by  birth,  warmly  es- 
poused the  cause  of  the  colonies,  and  finally  died,  after 
years  , of  suffering,  from  wounds  received  at  Bunker  Hill, 
having  declined  to  receive  any  pension,  saying,  “ Gentle- 
men, I did  not  fight  for  money;  we  have  accomplished 
what  we  fought  for;  I am  well  paid.”  The  party  left  Lan- 
caster, June  2d,  17S9,  and  with  a single  wagon  and  four 
pack-horses  journeyed  westward  through  an  almost  un- 
broken forest.  Arriving  at  Port  Pitt  (Pittsburgh),  August 
17th,  thej^  sold  their  horses  and  wagon,  and  having  pur- 
chased and  fitted  up  a family  boat,  which  they  named  the 
” Little  Mary,”  started  with  a party  of  eight,  comprising  the 
families  of  Leonard  Eckert,  Daniel  Peck  and  Daniel  Light, 
down  the  Ohio,  October  12th.  They  floated  slowly  down 
the  river,  occasionally  grounding,  until  they  reached  the 
mouth  of  the  Sun  Fish,  below  Wheeling,  October  28th  ; 
they  were  there  attacked  at  sunset  by  a party  of  Indians  in 
eight  canoes;  the  sav.ages  were  gallantly  repulsed  at  the 
first  onslaught,  with  the  loss  of  two  of  their  number,  but 
soon  returned  to  the  attack,  which  they  kept  up  until  near 
midnight,  when  they  were  finally  driven  off,  the  darkness 
precluding  a knowledge  of  their  loss  in  the  final  repulse. 
Other  hostile  Indians  frequently  gave  chase,  but  were,  by  a 
shot  or  two,  put  to  flight.  They  landed  at  Marietta,  whence, 
after  a few  days’  rest,  they  proceeded  to  their  destination, 
“ Limestone  Old  Fort”  (Maysville,  Kentucky),  where  they 
arrived  on  Christmas  eve,  and  were  warmly  welcomed. 
Leonard  Eckert  and  Daniel  Peck  entered  land  back  of 
Maysville,  and  laid  out  the  town  of  Washington,  Fleming 
county.  After  two  years’  residence  they  sold  this  property. 
Peck  entering  land  farther  back  in  the  same  county,  where, 
with  his  wife  Susan,  he  raised  a numerous  family  and  lived 
to  a good  old  age;  the  latter  reached  the  age  of  ninety. 
Leonard  Eckert  removed  to  Fort  Washington  (Cincinnati). 
After  a time  he  purchased  land  in  Campbell  county,  where 
he  lived  till  his  death,  in  his  fifty-fourth  year,  leaving  a wife 
and  ten  children.  Thomas’  educational  advantages  were 
limited,  being  confined  to  attendance  during  the  winter  at  a 
school  two  miles  distant;  but  he  laid  the  foundation  upon 
which  he  has  built,  by  reading  and  practical  study,  until  he 
is  recognized  as  a most  thorough  and  systematic  business 
man.  He  moved  to  Cincinnati  on  his  fifteenth  birthday, 
ostensibly  for  a visit,  but  really  to  seek  an  opportunity  for 
an  indulgence  of  his  taste  for  mechanics.  He  engaged  as 
an  apprentice  with  Loader  & Demint,  then  the  largest 
engine  builders  west  of  Pittsburgh,  and  soon  became  a 
skilful  workman.  Plis  residence  now  stands  on  the  spot 
then  occupied  by  their  works.  After  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  apprenticeship  he  entered  the  finishing  shop  of 
Green  & Hatch,  where  he  assisted  in  the  fitting  out  of  a 
large  number  of  boats,  including  the  “ Robert  Fulton,” 
“Crusader,”  “Amulet,”  “Native,”  “Fairy”  and  “Walter 
Scott,”  on  the  latter  of  which  he  engaged  as  engineer.  He 


left  Cincinnati  with  Captain  Fay,  despite  the  opposition  of 
his  friends.  May  28th,  1S2S,  to  enter  upon  the  St.  Louis 
and  New  Orleans  trade.  On  his  second  and  last  trip  his 
boat,  which  had  been  lying  in  port  twelve  days,  with  the 
mercury  at  1 10  degrees  and  the  yellow  fever  sweeping  off 
over  four  hundred  per  day,  left  New  Orleans,  September 
1st,  so  densely  crowded  by  those  fleeing  from  the  scourge 
as  to  leave  scarcely  standing  room.  During  the  fearful  run 
which  followed,  the  dead  and  dying  were  put  ashore  at 
almost  every  landing,  and  when  they  reached  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  there  were  le.ss  than  fifty  souls  on  board,  three 
officers,  including  the  captain,  five  deck  hands  and  four 
firemen  having  fallen  victims  to  the  terrible  malady.  In 
August,  1828,  he  invented  a “stop-valve,”  in  the  supply- 
pipe  for  the  relief  of  the  pressure  of  steam  on  the  force- 
pump,  which  has  proved  very  efficacious  and  valuable. 
He  also  introduced  the  use  of  derricks,  now  considered  an 
indispensable  part  of  a boat’s  equipment,  in  1829.  After 
the  death  of  Captain  Fay  he  returned  to  the  establishment 
of  Green  & Hatch,  where  he  continued  as  foreman  for  two 
years.  In  1831  he  became  engineer  of  the  “ I’hiladelphia,” 
commanded  by  Anderson  Miller,  the  friend  of  Henry  Clay 
and  bitter  enemy  of  Andrew  Jackson.  This  boat  was  then 
the  largest  on  the  Western  rivers,  being  183  feet  long,  with 
a carrying  capacity  of  450  tons.  Tiie  name  of  Thomas  F. 
Eckert  had  now  become  widely  known  among  river  men  as 
one  of  the  most  skilful  engineers  and  mechanics  on  the 
Western  waters,  and  in  the  winter  of  1832-33,  when  Colonel 
Robert  Beveridge,  of  Florida,  took  a contract  for  carrying 
the  mail  three  times  a week  from  Appalachicola  to  Colum- 
bus, Georgia,  he  selected  him  to  superintend  the  mechan- 
ical arrangements  of  his  six  boats.  After  six  months  in  this 
service  he  was  detailed  to  go  North  to  build  a new  boat; 
and,  finding  the  yards  and  shops  at  Cincinnati  already  over- 
run, he  proceeded  to  Vfheeling,  where  he  completed  his 
task  in  the  allotted  time,  and  produced  in  1833  the  beauti- 
ful steamer  “Andrew  Jackson.”  At  the  expiration  of  the 
year  he  was  commissioned  to  build  the  “ Floridian  ; ” in  it  he 
had  one-fourth  interest,  and  ran  her  a season  on  the  Appa- 
lachicol.a  and  Chattahoochee  rivers.  Returning  to  Cincin- 
nati in  1834  he  built  the  “ Hyperion,”  which  he  ran  a 
season  ; and  then  followed  the  “ Paul  Jones,”  on  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  rivers,  the  “ President,”  “ Commodore,” 
the  second  “ Paul  Jones,”  the  second  “Andrew  Jackson  ” 
and  the  “ Walnut  Hills.”  He  left  the  latter  in  1852  to 
retire  to  private  life,  having  been  eng.aged  in  steamboating 
twenty-two  years,  four  as  engineer  and  eighteen  as  captain; 
but  he  was  not  permitted  to  remain  idle,  for  the  Democrats 
elected  him  to  the  State  I.egislature  in  1852  by  an  over- 
whelming majority.  Among  his  distinguished  services  in 
that  body  was  his  authorship  of  “ The  Ten  Hour  System  of 
Labor.”  After  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Western  Insurance  Company,  then  in  its 
infancy,  but  which,  under  his  man.agement,  has  taken  rank 
among  the  best  in  the  country.  To  him  the  city  is  indebted 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


541 


for  the  magnificent  avenue  connecting  it  with  Carthage, 
which,  after  years  of  patient  labor,  was  thrown  open  to  the 
public  in  1S61.  Ilis  public  spirit  and  indomitable  enter- 
prise has  materially  advanced  the  interests  of  the  city,  and 
he  has  done  much  to  promote  and  perpetuate  the  river 
trade,  so  essential  to  the  vitality  of  the  mercantile  interests 
of  Cincinnati.  During  all  his  river  e.xperience  he  never 
lost  a life  or  a dollar  by  accident,  and  has  persistently  used 
his  influence  to  make  common  carriers  responsible  for  loss 
of  life  or  property,  and  thus  to  insure  greater  caution  and 
care  in  the  selection  of  engineers  and  the  construction  of 
boilers. 


ONES,  WEL.LS  S.,  was  born,  August  3d,  1S30,  in 
Ross  county,  Ohio,  the  third  of  a family  of  eight 
children.  His  parents,  R.  P.  Jones  and  Nancy 
Smith,  are  both  natives  of  Berkeley  county,  Vir- 
ginia, from  which  they  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  her 
early  history,  his  father  settling  on  a farm  in  Pax- 
ton township,  Ross  county,  where  they  still  live.  He  had 
the  benefit  of  pious  practical  training  and  education,  till  he 
reached  his  majority,  his  boyhood  being  spent  on  his  father’s 
farm.  In  the  year  1851  he  went  to  McLean  county,  Illi- 
nois, there  following  his  old  avocation,  connecting  teaching 
therewith  for  about  two  years,  when  he  returned  to.  his  old 
home.  He  chose  the  medical  profession  and  at  once 
entered  upon  his  studies  with  that  energy  and  assiduity 
which  characterize  all  his  undertakings.  He  attended  the 
Starling  Medical  College  in  1855,  and  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  Jasper,  Pike  county,  in  1856,  where  he  re- 
mained only  a few  months,  removing  to  Waverly,  where  he 
industriously  and  successfully  practised  his  profession  for 
one  year  and  a half.  Returning  to  Jasper,  he  secured  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice  by  industiy  and  application. 
In  the  fall  of  l86l  he  entered  the  service  of  his  country. 
Recruiting  a full  company,  he  was  commissioned  Captain, 
Company  A,  53d  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  being  the  first 
full  company  taken  to  camp  from  Pike  county.  His  regi- 
ment joined  General  .Sherman’s  army  at  Paducah,  Kentucky, 
in  February,  1862.  He  was  in  every  engagement  in  which 
his  regiment  participated,  and  several  battles  in  which  his 
regiment  was  not  engaged.  He  was  in  the  heavy  fighting 
at  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Missionary  Ridge, 
Resaca,  Dallas,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Atlanta,  and  Jones- 
boro’, and  was  in  General  Sherman’s  famous  march  to  the 
sea.  General  Jones,  with  his  brigade,  the  2d,  of  the  2d 
Division,  15th  Army  Corps,  made  the  memorable  assault  on 
Port  McAllister  near  Savannah.  In  this  engagement  he 
was  wounded  by  a Minie  ball ; disabling  him  for  active  ser- 
vice about  one  month.  His  gallant  bearing  before  Shiloh 
won  for  him  a Colonel’s  commission.  On  the  13th  of 
March,  1865,  he  was  made  a Brigadier  General  for  brave 
and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  field,  having  been  strongly 
recommended  by  both  General  -Sherman  and  General  Logan. 


His  services  earned  for  him  a still  higher  rank,  but  owing 
to  a personal  difficulty  with  Governor  Brough,  his  promo- 
tion was  prevented.  After  the  grand  review  in  Washing- 
ton city,  he  served  with  his  brigade  in  Arkansas,  and  was 
mustered  out  m Septendrer,  1865,  having  given  four  years 
to  the  service  of  his  country.  He  returned  to  civil  life 
carrying  with  him  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  who 
knew  him.  Resuming  his  professional  studies  he  graduated 
at  Starling  Medical  College  in  1866,  and  took  up  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  in  Waverly,  where  he  now  resides.  Gen- 
eral Jones  is  strongly  identified  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  is  a leading  politician  in  his  district.  In  the  fall  of 
1866  he  was  the  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict. The  following  year  he  was  the  candidate  for  State 
.Senator.  He  was  appointed  Internal  Revenue  Assessor  of 
the  Twelfth  Congressional  District  in  1869,  which  position 
he  held  four  years,  when  the  office  was  abolished.  While  he 
is  actively  engaged  in  his  profession  he  is  also  largely  in- 
terested in  mercantile  and  agricultural  business.  General 
Jones  is  active  in  all  public  affairs  that  promote  the  general 
good,  political,  social,  or  religious.  He  is  a member  of  the 
Methodist  Flpiscopal  Church.  Socially  he  is  a man  of 
pleasing  address  and  of  unquestioned  integrity.  By  untiring 
industry  he  is  making  life  a success.  His  wife  was  E.  H. 
Kincaid,  the  daughter  of  Wdlliam  M.  Kincaid  and  Harriet 
Prather,  who  came  of  early  pioneer  families  from  Virginia 
and  Maryland. 

MEAD,  GEORGE  LEWIS,  Superintendent  of  the 
Ohio  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind, 
was  born  at  Greenfield,  Massachusetts,  on  Janu- 
ary l8th,  1834.  His  early  education  was  received 
at  the  common  schools  of  that  day,  and  such  was 
his  proficiency,  that  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
was  qualified  as  a teacher,  and  followed  that  profession 
until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  entered 
Amherst  College,  at  Amherst,  Massachusetts.  Pursuing  the 
usual  course  of  studies,  he  graduated  from  that  institution 
in  the  year  1859.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  located 
in  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  engaged  as  a teacher  in  the  Insti- 
tute for  the  Education  of  the  Blind  of  that  State.  July  l6tb, 
1863,  Professor  Smead  was  united  in  matrimony  to  Hattie 
Wilson,  of  Francestown,  New  Hampshire,  daughter  of 
Alexander  Wilson,  an  influential  citizen  of  that  place;  she 
died  May  loth,  1870.  The  position  of  teacher  held  by 
Professor  Smead  for  a period  of  about  nine  years  was  filled 
with  skill  and  ability,  so  much  so,  that  when  in  August, 
1868,  Dr.  A.  D.  Lord,  who  had  served  the  institute  for  a 
long  period  of  years,  resigned  his  position  as  superintend- 
ent, Professor  Smead  was  appointed  to  fill  his  place,  which 
position  he  has  successfully  held  to  the  present  time.  The 
Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind  is  a Slate  establish- 
ment, and  by  reason  of  its  large,  commodious,  and  beauti- 
ful building,  and  the  advantages  of  education  it  affords  to 


542 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


that  unfortunate  class,  deservedly  ranks  as  one  of  the  first 
in  the  country.  Much  of  its  present  standing  and  pros- 
perity is  due  to  Professor  George  L.  Smead,  who  has 
labored  long  and  faithfully  for  the  unfortunate  blind  of 
Ohio.  August  29th,  1871,  Professor  Smead  was  united  in 
matrimony  to  Sarah  E.  Emerson,  of  Erancestown,  New 
Hampshire. 


-PUTNAM,  JOHN  11.,  Editor,  Legislator,  and  Pri- 
vate Secretary  to  Governor  William  Allen,  during 


his  late  administration,  was  born,  April  ^d,  1835, 
in  South  Charleston,  Clark  county,  Ohio.  His 
great-grandfather  was  General  Rufus  Putnam,  who 
greatly  distinguished  himself  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution,  and  who  afterwards  emigrated  to  the  Territory 
of  Ohio  and  established  the  first  colony  at  Marietta.  His 
grandfather.  Judge  Edwin  Putnam,  was  the  founder  of  the 
town  of  Putnam,  on  the  Muskingum  river,  and  served  in  a 
judicial  capacity  for  many  years.  His  father.  General 
Rufus  Putnam,  was  a conspicuous  figure  in  the  early  mili- 
tary history  of  the  State.  He  was  in  command  of  a brigade 
of  Ohio  militia  at  the  commencement  of  the  Mexican  war, 
and  by  a vote  of  his  command,  tendered  its  services  to  the 
government,  but  Ohio’s  quota  being  declared  full  by  the 
general  government,  the  offer  was  not  accepted.  John  IL, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  has  been  in  public  life  from  early 
youth.  A printer  by  profession,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  a daily  paper  in  Dayton,  and 
has  been  almost  continuously  engaged  in  his  favorite  pur- 
suit ever  since,  having  published  and  edited  papers  at  Day- 
ton,  Greenville,  Union  City,  Galion,  Newark,  and  Chilli- 
cothe.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  one  of  the  proprietors  of 
the  Daily  Evening  Dispatch  at  Columbus.  Although  a 
Democrat,  in  1861,  through  his  paper  at  Newark,  and  by 
his  personal  influence,  he  gave  great  assistance  to  the  friends 
of  the  war  in  rallying  his  political  adherents  to  its  support. 
He  assisted  in  raising  several  companies  and  then  took 
command  of  one  in  person  and  went  into  the  field,  where 
he  remained  about  two  years,  participating  with  his  regi- 
ment, the  31st  Ohio,  in  the  Mill  Springs  campaign,  the 
siege  of  Corinth,  the  campaign  along  the  line  of  the  Charles- 
ton & Memphis  Railroad,  Buell’s  memorable  march  from 
Dechard  to  Louisville,  after  Bragg,  and  the  five  days’  battle 
of  Stone  river.  Returning  home  in  the  fall  of  1863,  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  and  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature, and  participated  in  the  fiery  struggles  in  that  body 
during  the  se.ssions  of  1864  and  1865.  Being  an  apt  parlia- 
mentarian and  a good  debater,  he  at  once  took  a position 
as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  body,  which  he  held  during  the 
remainder  of  his  legislative  career.  At  the  end  of  his  term 
he  was  renominated  and  re-elected,  serving  his  Licking 
county  constituency  for  the  period  of  four  years.  During 
his  second  term  he  moved  to  Chillicothe,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1 87 1 was  nominated  by  his  party  to  represent  the  district 


composed  of  the  counties  of  Ross  and  Highland,  in  the 
.State  Senate.  He  was  elected  and  served  his  constituency 
with  such  acceptability  that  he  was  tendered  a renomination, 
which  he  declined.  He  was  largely  in.strumental  in  bring- 
ing about  the  nomination  of  Governor  Allen  in  1873,  and 
made  the  canvass  of  the  State  with  that  gentleman,  giving 
much  assistance  in  directing  the  campaign  in  addition  to 
his  labors  on  the  stump.  After  the  election.  Governor 
Allen  tendered  him  the  position  of  Private  Secretary,  which 
he  accepted  and  filled  in  a manner  highly  creditable  to 
himself  and  his  chief.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  on  the 
14th  of  October,  1867,  with  Ella  Gertrude  Ewing,  of 
Chillicothe. 


OSECRANS,  RIGHT  REV.  S.  H.,  Bishop  of 
Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Homer,  Licking 
county,  Ohio,  on  February  5th,  1827.  His 
parents  were  Crandall  and  Jane  (Hopkins)  Rose- 
crans,  and  both  came  from  Wilkesbarre,  Penn- 
sylvania. His  father  followed  agricultural  pur- 
suits, and  also  engaged  in  contracts  for  public  works.  In 
the  Bishop's  veins  flows  eminently  patriotic  blood,  his  mother 
being  a granddaughter  of  Timothy  Hopkins,  who  signed 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was  educated  at 
Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  and  St.  John’s,  P'ordham,  New 
York,  graduating  from  the  latter  in  1846.  After  graduating, 
feeling  impelled  to  the  priesthood,  he  went  to  Rome  to 
study  theology  at  the  Propaganda,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  He  was  ordained  priest  in  Rome,  in  July,  1852, 
and  returned  at  once  to  his  native  land,  where  he  began  to 
exercise  the  priestly  office  at  the  Cathedral  in  Cincinnati. 
In  the  discharge  of  this  duty  he  continued  for  ten  years, 
becoming  also  Professor  of  Theology  in  Mount  St.  Mary’s 
Seminary,  and  Editor  of  the  Catholic  Telegraph.  On 
March  25th,  1862,  he  was  consecrated  auxiliary  Bishop 
of  Cincinnati,  and  rendered  efficient  aid  in  the  administra- 
tion of  the  diocese  until  18C8.  In  that  year,  Columbus 
having  been  erected  into  a separate  diocese,  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  that  city,  being  installed  on  March  3d,  1S68. 
Since  entering  upon  this  important  charge,  he  has  carried 
through  many  important  undertakings,  among  which  may 
be  mentioned  the  building  of  a fine  cathedral,  at  a cost  of 
about  ^150,000,  the  establishment,  in  1874,  of  orphan  asy- 
lums at  Pomeroy  and  Columbus.  In  1870  he  devoted  much 
time  to  the  superintendence  of  the  .Sisters’  Seminary  of  St. 
Aloysius,  designed  for  higher  and  theological  studies.  He 
comes  of  a Protestant  family,  but  became  a Catholic  prose- 
lyte in  1845,  while  a student  at  Kenyon  College.  This 
it  was  which  led  to  the  transfer  of  his  scholastic  alle- 
giance to  .St.  John’s,  a Catholic  institution.  His  mother 
joined  the  Catholic  Church  before  her  death,  but  his 
father  did  not.  General  Rosecrans,  brother  of  the  bishop, 
was  converted  while  a Professor  at  West  Point,  and  it 


BIOGRArmCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


543 


was  partly  through  his  influence  that  the  Bishop  became  a 
neophyte.  The  Bishop  is  greatly  beloved  in  his  diocese, 
and  wields  a large  influence  for  good  outside  of  the  pale  of 
the  church. 


;EMPSTEAD,  G.  S.  B.,  a.  M.,  M.  D.,  was  born, 
June  8th,  1794,  in  New  London,  Connecticut. 
Ilis  father,  Giles  Hempstead,  and  mother,  Lucre- 
tia  .Saltonstall,  moved  to  Marietta,  Northwestern 
Territory,  in  1802.  At  Marietta,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  placed  in  school,  remaining  there 
until  1810,  when  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Governor  R. 


J.  Meigs,  studied  law  one  year,  and  in  l8ll  was  sent  to 
the  Ohio  University.  Here  he  matriculated  and  entered 
the  Junior  class.  In  1813  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B., 
and  in  the  same  year  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
under  Dr.  John  B.  Regnier.  He  remained  under  the  tutor- 
ship of  Dr.  Regnier  until  the  spring  of  1816,  when  he  was 
licensed  to  practise  medicine  by  the  Board  of  Censors  under 
authority  of  the  State.  During  1816  he  located  four  several 
‘imes ; first  at  Waterford,  between  Marietta  and  Zanesville, 
next  at  Athens,  and  then  at  Guyandotte,  West  Virginia,  and 
finally  settled,  in  the  month  of  October,  at  Portsmouth, 
Scioto  county,  Ohio.  Here  he  practised  medicine,  covering 
a territory  of  thirty-five  miles,  reaching  in  all  directions  ex- 
cept south  from  Portsmouth.  Two  months  before  going  to 
Guyandotte  he  had  travelled  through  portions  of  Ohio,  Ken- 
tucky, Indiana  and  West  Virginia.  In  1858,  in  conse- 
quence of  declining  health.  Dr.  Hempstead  moved  to 
Hanging  Rock,  where  he  remained  until  1872.  In  that 
year  he  returned  to  Portsmouth,  where  he  has  since 
made  his  home.  Dr.  Hempstead  was  engaged  in  full 
practice  from  1816  to  1858,  and  in  a select  practice  until 
1865.  Since  then  he  has  only  consented  to  accept  the  cases 
of  old  patients  and  personal  friends,  devoting  his  time  al- 
most exclusively  to  the  study  of  the  natural  sciences.  In 
the  winter  of  1821-22  he  attended  a course  of  lectures  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  receiving  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine.  In  1822  the  Ohio  University  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  In  1821  Dr.  Hempstead 
married  Elizabeth  Peebles,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret 
Peebles,  by  whom  he  had  two  daughters  and  one  son,  the 
latter  dying  in  1873. 


«URPHY,  JOHN,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  and  successful  physicians  of  Cin- 
cinnati, was  born  in  Hawkins  county.  East  Ten- 
nessee, January  23d,  1824.  He  received  a liter- 
^ ary  education  in  the  old  Cincinnati  College,  and 
in  April,  1843,  began  the  study  of  medicine  in 
the  office  of  Dr.  John  P.  Harrison,  of  Cincinnati.  He  in 
the  meantime  entered  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and 
graduated  in  the  spring  of  1846.  Immediately  after  gradu- 


ation, he  was  elected  one  of  the  resident  physicians  to  the- 
Cincinnati  Hospital.  This  position  he  held  one  year,  and 
in  1847  opened  his  office  for  private  practice.  Being  very 
successful,  and  wishing  to  increase  his  professional  knowl- 
edge, in  1853  he  made  a trip  to  Europe  for  that  purpose. 
There  he  spent  nearly  two  years  attending  the  lectures  and 
clinics  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of  his  profession,  in 
Paris  and  other  medical  centres.  He  was  one  of  the  foun- 
ders of  the  Miami  Medical  College,  of  Cincinnati.  At  the 
organization  of  this  institution  he  was  made  a member  of  the 
faculty,  and  Professor  of  Materia  Medica.  When,  in  1857, 
the  Miami  and  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  were  consoli- 
dated, he  was  again  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Materia  Medical 
On  the  independent  reorganization  of  the  Miami  Medical 
College,  in  1865,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the  Principles 
and  Practice  of  Medicine.  This  position  he  still  holds, 
with  a degree  of  popularity  to  which  few  medical  lecturers 
attain.  In  connection  with  Drs.  George  Mendenhall  and 
E.  B.  Stevens,  he  established  and  edited  the  Medical  Ob- 
server,  and  after  the  union  of  this  journal  with  the  Wester?! 
Lancet,  he  still  remained  one  of  its  editors.  During  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  he  was  a member  of  the  Board  ap- 
pointed'by  Governor  Tod  to  examine  candidates  for  medi- 
cal positions  in  the  State  regiments.  He  was  also  Surgeon 
of  the  Board  of  Enrolment  for  the  Second  District  of  Ohio, 
and  for  three  years  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  in  charge  of 
the  Third  Street  Cincinnati  United  States  Military  Hospi- 
tal. Dr.  Murphy  is  a member  of  the  medical  staff  of  the 
Cincinnati  Hospital,  member  of  the  Cincinnati  Medical 
Society,  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  and  the  American 
Medical  Association.  His  private  practice  is  extensive  and 
valuable,  few  medical  men  of  the  West  occupying  a more 
enviable  place  in  the  confidence  of  the  people,  or  more 
justly  bearing  a widespread  reputation. 


ULBERT,  HIRAM,  was  born,  September  2d,  1806, 
at  Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts.  He  is  the 
seventh  of  eight  children  born  to  Elisha  Hulbert 
and  Cloah  Savage.  His  father  was  a native  of 
Massachusetts  and  a farmer.  Elisha  Hulbert 
emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1810,  settling  on  the  Big 
Hocking,  seven  miles  from  Athens,  in  the  Ohio  Company’s 
purchase,  where  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1813.  Hiram’s 
mother  was  also  born  in  Massachusetts  and  died  in  1813. 
The,  subject  of  this  sketch  worked  on  a farm  and  attended 
school  when  he  could  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  at 
which  time  he  had  progressed  so  far  as  to  be  able  to  spell  a 
few  monosyllabic  words.  Leaving  the  farm  he  engaged  to 
work  for  Daniel  Stewart,  on  the  Hocking,  thirteen  miles 
from  Athens — wages,  three  dollars  a month.  At  the  end 
of  two  months  his  employer  thought  his  services  worth  more 
money,  and  accordingly  advanced  his  wages  to  eight  dollars 
per  month.  At  the  end  of  another  month  Hiram  went  on 


544 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


the  Ohio  river,  and  for  forty  days  rowed  on  a keel  boat,  at 
the  rate  of  nine  dollars  a month.  In  the  latter  part  of  1826 
he  rowed  a keel  boat  from  Cincinnati  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Kentucky  river,  making  the  trip  in  sixteen  days,  and  re- 
ceiving one  dollar  a day  for  his  services.  After  this  he  re- 
turned to  Athens,  attended  a common  school  for  about  six 
months,  learning  to  read,  write  and  cipher  as  far  as  the  rule 
of  three.  In  1827  young  Ilulbert  went  into  a grocery  store 
in  Athens,  remaining  there  six  months,  at  three  dollars  a 
month  salary.  But  fortune  had  better  things  in  store.  Me 
conceived  the  idea  of  peddling  clocks  about  the  country, 
and  immediately  set  about  it.  He  was  so  successful  that  in 
.1  few  weeks  he  had  made  four  liundred  and  fifty  dollars 
clear  of  all  expenses,  in  those  days  a small  fortune  for  a 
young  man.  In  this  venture  he  had  shown  business  tact 
and  caution  which  attracted  the  notice  of  his  friends,  who 
assisted  him  to  start  business  on  his  own  account.  In  June, 
1830,  he  opened  a store  at  McArthur,  Vinton  county.  He 
started  with  a well-selected  stock  of  goods,  and  immediately 
began  to  do  a good  business.  Since  that  time  he  has  re- 
sided in  McArthur,  being  engaged  in  business  and  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  material  growth  of  that  place. 
He  was  in  the  grocery  and  dry-goods  business  until  1852, 
when  he  became  involved  in  difficulties  through  his  partner, 
and  about  all  he  had  in  the  world  was  swept  away.  His 
friends  came  to  his  relief,  and  through  their  assistance  he 
was  able  to  buy  back  his  property.  He  then  went  into 
the  hotel  business,  carrying  on  a farm  at  the  same  time. 
His  efforts  to  retrieve  his  loss  were  so  successful  that,  in 
1869,  he  paid  the  last  dollar  of  his  indebtedness,  amounting 
to  over  nine  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Hulbert  was  Captain, 
Quartermaster,  and  Adjutant  in  the  2d  Division  of  the 
Ohio  Militia  under  the  old  law.  He  is  a Republican,  but 
has  never  sought  any  office.  For  forty  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  At  the  age  of  three- 
score years  and  ten,  and  after  a life  of  industry  and  toil, 
Mr.  Hulbert  enjoys  the  nseof  his  mental  and  physical  facul- 
ties unimpaired.  He  is  a leading  and  highly  respected 
citizen  of  Vinton  county. 


CHAEFER,  I.OUIS,  Lawyer,  was  born,  1815,  in 
the  Department  of  Moselle,  France,  and  is  a son 
of  Phillip  and  Catharine  (I.oehr)  Schaefer.  He 
was  educated  chiefly  at  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  place,  but  also  received  much  valuable  in- 
struction from  his  father,  who  was  a teacher  by 
profession.  He  accompanied  his  parents  in  their  emigra- 
tion to  the  United  St.ates  in  1830,  locating  in  Stark  county, 
Ohio.  Having  selected  the  legal  profession  for  his  future 
career,  he  entered  the  ofiice  of  Griswold  & Grant,  counsel- 
lors and  attorneys-at-Iaw  at  Canton,  in  1840;  and  after  the 
usual  preparatory  course,  was  admitted  to  practise  in  1842, 


and  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  having  succeeded  in  placing  himself  among  the 
leaders  of  the  bar  in  that  vicinity.  While  he  has  closely  ap- 
plied himself  to  his  legal  labors,  he  has  also  found  time  to 
promote  the  public  interests  of  Canton  in  vr.rious  directions. 
Recognizing  the  vital  importance  of  education,  he  has  been 
for  many  years  identified  with  the  Board  of  Education  of 
that  town,  and  has  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  its  public 
schools.  In  1 863  the  members  of  the  board  saw  fit  to  pass 
a rule  prohibiting  any  and  all  religious  exercises  in  the 
schools,  believing  that,  as  the  parents  and  guardians  of  the 
pupils,  as  well  as  the  children  themselves,  were  composed 
of  numerous  denominations  and  creeds,  conflicting  with  each 
other  in  opinion,  and  as  the  spirit  and  intention  of  the 
public-school  laws  were  adverse  to  the  introduction,  either 
directly  or  indirectly,  of  any  religious  dogmas  or  views,  it 
was  wise  to  leave  the  same  outside  of  the  school  room.  The 
action  of  the  board,  wdiich  w'as  composed  of  gentlemen  of 
various  creeds,  on  this  subject,  brought  forth  a protest  from 
a number  of  the  clergymen  in  Canton,  who  requested  the 
rule  to  be  rescinded.  Their  petition  w'as  respectfully  re- 
ceived by  the  board,  and  replied  to,  point  by  point,  by 
Louis  Schaefer,  w'hose  sound  view's  on  the  subject  were 
unaniarously  indorsed  by  the  board,  and  the  rule  w'hich 
emanated  from  him  became  a law';  and  it  is  but  justice  to 
say  that,  after  years  of  trial  of  its  operation,  the  morals  of 
the  children  attending  the  Canton  schools  w'ill  bear  com- 
parison with  those  of  any  school  in  the  country,  and  that  by 
leaving  these  tender  questions  to  the  parents  of  the  children, 
the  cause  of  education  has  not  suffered  with  any  class,  and 
harmony  has  prevailed  among  all.  In  the  establishment  of 
water-works  he  w'as  the  leading  spirit.  Appreciating  the  nu- 
merous benefits  w'hich  Canton  w'ould  derive  from  having  good 
and  reliable  water-works,  he  agitated  the  matter  for  a long 
time,  and  though  he  met  with  much  opposition  from  some 
who  were  not  alive  t'v  the  demands  of  a grow'ing  borough, 
he  overcame  these  obstacles,  and,  on  March  27th,  1869,  and 
in  connection  with  others,  he  was  instructed  to  proceed  in 
the  construction  and  completion  of  the  Canton  City  Water- 
Works.  This  improvement  w'as  finished  to  the  credit  of  the 
committee,  and  the  entire  approval  of  the  citizens.  Owing 
mainly  to  his  efforts,  several  large  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, employing  over  6cxd  hands,  were  added  to  the  indus- 
tries of  Canton  within  five  years  past.  He  has  also  added 
to  the  beauty  of  the  place  by  the  erection  of  a fine  business 
block,  which  includes  a first-class  Opera  House.  Aiming, 
as  he  has  ever  done,  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity at  large,  he  enjoys  their  respect  and  esteem.  He 
has  been  connected  w'ith  the  Board  of  Education  for  nine 
years  past,  and  has  served  as  one  of  the  City  Council  for 
twelve  years.  In  1866  he  was  a candidate  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  for  Congress,  although,  as  a rule,  he  has 
eschewed  politics.  He  was  married,  in  May,  1S49,  to 
Catharine  Anna,  a daughter  of  Rev.  Stephen  A.  Mealy,  of 
Savannah,  Georgia. 


BIOGRAPIITCAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


545 


f ASH,  HON.  SIMEON,  was  born  at  South  Hadley, 
Massachusetts,  September  2ist,  1S04.  He  was 
the  son  of  a millwright,  whose  wife  was  of  more 
than  common  mind  and  force  of  character.  Our 
subject  received  his  early  education  at  the  district 
school  near  his  home,  thoroughly  grounding  him- 
self in  the  elementary  branches.  During  his  school  days  he 
was  an  eager  devourer  of  books  of  a solid  character,  mainly 
such  as  dealt  with  history.  He  was  fond  of  tracing  the 
marches  and  battles  of  armies ; among  the  favorite  books  of 
his  early  days  were  Goulon’s  “ History  of  the  War  of  our 
Revolution  ” and  Campbell’s  “ Lives  of  the  English  Ad- 
mirals.” In  his  efforts  to  store  his  mind  with  useful  knowl- 
edge he  was  greatly  encouraged  and  stimulated  by  his 
mother.  Plaving  tasted  the  sweets  of  learning,  he  was  filled 
with  a desire  for  increased  knowledge  that  no  obstacle  could 
repress.  He  spared  no  effort,  wasted  no  time  in  improving 
his  mind.  He  read,  digested  and  put  on  paper  whatever 
impressed  him  as  being  of  value.  This  plan  he  has  pursued 
through  life.  In  the  practice  of  the  law  he  has  found  this 
system  of  great  value,  enabling  him  to  analyze  and  arrange 
evidence  rapidly,  and  adding  strength  to  his  arguments. 
This  has  made  him  a ready  and  effective  speaker,  often, 
when  called  upon  suddenly  to  discuss  some  question,  receiv- 
ing credit  for  what  appeared  to  be  e.xtemporaneous,  but  which 
was  in  reality  the  result  of  long  and  intense  thought.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  years  he  went  to  Hopkins  Academy,  in 
Old  Hadley,  where  he  remained  six  months,  beginning  his 
immediate  preparations  for  college.  In  1825  he  entered  Am- 
herst College.  He  had  not  the  means  to  meet  all  expenses, 
and  was  therefore  obliged  to  teach  school  during  the  winters 
of  his  collegiate  life.  After  graduating  at  college  in  1829, 
he  returned  to  South  Hadley  and  remained  there  two  years, 
during  which  time  he  read  law  with  the  late  Edw'ard 
Hooker,  Esq.,  and  taught  part  of  the  time  in  a school  for 
boys  at  South  Hadley.  He  read  law  as  he  did  everything, 
thoroughly  and  systematically.  Having  finished  his  law 
course,  he  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  late  Hon.  S.  P'. 
Vinton,  a native  of  South  Hadley,  to  take  up  his  residence 
in  Gallipolis,  Ohio.  He  made  the  journey  from  South  Had- 
ley to  Gallipolis  by  stage,  arriving  there  January  9th,  1832, 
where  he  has  since  made  his  home.  It  was  necessary  to  re- 
side one  year  in  Ohio  before  he  could  be  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  this  year  he  passed  with  his  friend,  Mr.  Vinton,  to 
whom  he  was  indebted  for  much  good  counsel.  He  was 
admitted  to  practise  in  April,  1833.  There  was  not  a rush 
of  business  when  he  opened  his  law  office  in  Gallipolis,  and 
he  had  amjde  time  to  improve  his  mind.  This  he  did  by 
devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  reading  law  and  miscellaneous 
books  of  value.  As  he  began  to  gain  a little  money  from 
his  practice,  it  was  his  habit  to  buy  a book  and  read  it  thor- 
oughly. In  this  way  he  has  accumulated  a law  library  of 
nearly  eight  hundred  volumes,  and  a miscellaneous  library 
of  over  a thousand.  While  at  college  Mr.  Nash  began  the 
study  of  French,  in  which  he  has  since  perfected  himself,  so 
O9 


that  he  now  reads  it  as  readily  as  he  does  his  mother  tongue. 
In  1839  he  was  a successful  Whig  candidate  for  the  State 
Senate,  representing  his  district  in  that  body  for  two  succes- 
sive terms  of  two  years  each.  They  were  stormy  years. 
Party  politics  ran  high  and  questions  of  great  moment  were 
under  discussion,  among  them  the  tariff  and  the  currency. 
The  Democrats,  under  the  leadership  of  Benton,  advocated 
a currency  exclusively  of  coin.  The  Whigs,  following  Clay 
and  Webster,  favored  a currency  composed  of  bank  notes 
and  coin.  While  Mr.  Nash  was  in  the  State  Senate  the 
financial  question  was  fully  discussed.  By  law  the  charters 
of  the  Ohio  banks  expired  January  1st,  1843, 
session  of  1840-41  an  effort  was  made  to  extend  the  time 
for  winding  up  the  banks  in  order  to  keep  their  paper  at  par 
until  redeemed.  Mr.  Nash  advocated  this  policy,  and  wrote 
an  elaborate  speech  in  its  favor.  In  the  following  summer, 
after  the  banks  had  gone  into  liquidation,  he  wrote  an  article 
showing  the  disastrous  results  to  the  people  of  forced  resump- 
tion. These  two  documents  were  largely  circulated  in  the 
summer  of  1S42,  and  were  thought  to  have  aided  in  bring- 
ing about  a change  in  the  Legislature  and  in  the  policy  of 
the  State  on  the  banking  question.  In  the  session  of  1842 
he  made  a strong  speech  against  the  Democratic  hard-money 
doctrine,  thereby  adding  to  his  reputation  as  a financial 
economist.  At  the  close  of  his  second  term,  in  1843,  he  de- 
clined a re-election,  feeling  that  he  could  not  afford  the  pro- 
fessional sacrifice.  In  the  winter  of  1844  the  Legislature 
elected  him  one  of  a commission  of  three  to  investigate  the 
expenditures  on  the  public  works  of  Ohio,  which  were  then 
completed.  This  preferment  came  without  Mr.  Nash’s 
knowledge,  and  it  was  only  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his 
friends  that  he  was  induced  to  accept.  The  investigation 
proved  to  be  a laborious  work,  and  lasted  from  May,  1845, 
to  January,  1847.  Beside  two  voluminous  reports  made  by 
the  commission,  Mr.  Nash  prepared  a separate  report  on 
the  debt  contracted  in  constructing  the  National  road,  rec- 
ommending a just  course  to  be  pursued  in  paying  claims. 
The  Legislature  adopted  his  suggestion  and  closed  up  the 
matter.  Money,  which  would  otherwise  have  been  lost,  was 
recovered  by  the  commission,  and  was  more  than  sufficient 
to  pay  all  the  expenses  of  investigation.  Mr.  Nash  was 
elected  a member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1852, 
in  which  his  ripe  experience  in  public  affairs  proved  of  great 
value.  The  new  Constitution  having  been  adopted,  he  w'as 
elected  Judge  of  the  Third  Subdivision  of  the  Seventh  Dis- 
trict, composed  of  Gallin,  Meigs,  Athens  and  Washington 
counties.  He  w'ent  on  the  bench  in  February,  1852,  and 
remained  there  for  ten  years,  at  a salary  of  ^1500  per  an- 
I mini.  Retiring  from  the  bench  he  resumed  his  practice  at 
the  bar.  In  his  early  days  he  practised  in  the  counties  of 
j Lawrence,  Gallin,  Meigs,  Athens,  Washington,  and  occa- 
sionally in  Scioto  and  Jackson ; now  he  limits  his  practice 
mainly  to  Gallin  and  Meigs  counties,  with  an  occasional 
visit  to  other  counties  in  Ohio  and  West  Virginia.  He  also 
! appears  in  the  United  States  courts  at  Cincinnati.  During 


54^ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOr.^;DIA. 


the  years  of  a busy  professional  and  public  life  Judge  Nash 
has  found  time  to  do  a great  deal  of  literary  work  and  legal 
reporting.  He  is  the  author  of  a digest  of  the  twenty  volumes 
of  the  “Ohio  Reports,”  published  by  H.  N.  Derby  in  1853; 
of  a digest  of  the  first  ten  volumes  of  the  “ Ohio  Reports,” 
published  in  1861  by  Follet  Foster  & Co.;  of  “ Nash’s  Plead- 
ing and  Practice  under  the  Civil  Code,”  published  in  1856  by 
H.  N.  Derby,  of  Cincinnati,  which  ran  through  three  editions, 
the  two  latter,  with  additions,  being  published  by  Robert 
Clarke,  of  Cincinnati.  In  1875  he  rewrote  most  of  his 
“ Pleading  and  Practice,”  adding  largely  to  it,  making  two 
volumes  of  the  work,  which  was  also  published  by  Robert 
Clarke  & Co.  Judge  Nash  is  the  author  of  a work  on 
“ Morality  and  the  State,”  and  has  been  a frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  Western  Law  Journal,  the  IFestern  Law 
Monthly  and  other  periodicals.  In  the  August  number  of 
the  Boston  Lata  Motithly  of  1864  appeared  an  able  article 
from  his  pen  on  the  status  of  the  Southern  States  before  and 
after  the  rebellion.  The  blessings  of  constant  health  and  a 
well-preserved  constitution  have  enabled  Judge  Nash  to  ac- 
complish all  that  we  have  recounted,  and  yet  retain  the  full 
mental  vigor  of  his  earlier  days.  He  is  still  in  active  prac- 
tice, and  is  capable  of  doing  as  much  work  now  as  ever. 
December  l6th,  1831,  he  married  Cynthia  Smith,  of  Granby, 
Massachusetts,  who  lives  to  enjoy  with  him  the  result  of  his 
life  of  toil. 


t'OCHRAN,  HON.  WILLIAM  R.,  was  born  in 
Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  March  17th,  1811. 
His  parents  were  William  and  Rebecca  (Morrow) 
Cochran.  His  mother  was  a sister  of  the  late 
Hon.  Jeremiah  Morrow,  Governor  of  Ohio  from 
1822  to  1826;  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate  from  1813  to  1819,  and  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1803  to  1813,  and  again  from  1840  to  1843.  The 
parents  of  Mr.  Cochran  immigrated  to  Ohio  in  1814,  settling 
in  Harnilton  county.  In  1825  they  removed  to  Butler  county, 
where  their  son  attended  the  Miami  University,  graduating 
in  the  class  of  1831.  It  was  the  singular  felicity  of  this 
school,  now  fallen  into  obscurity  and  disrepute,  to  have 
graduated  at  about  this  period  of  its  history  a greater  num- 
ber of  young  men  who  achieved  a contemporai’y  fame  in 
the  history  of  their  country  than  any  other  institution  of 
learning  in  the  United  States.  During  the  period  of  the 
civil  conflict,  besides  several  officer?  of  high  reputation  in 
the  volunteer  army,  there  were  at  one  time  not  less  than 
four  Governors  of  States  and  fifteen  members  of  Congress 
who  claimed  the  institution  for  their  Alma  Mater.  After 
leaving  school  Mr.  Cochran  read  law  with  the  Hon.  John 
Woods,  of  Hamilton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834. 
He  at  once  began  practice  in  Hamilton,  but  the  failure  of 
his  health  soon  compelled  him  to  relinquish  all  thoughts  of 
a professional  career,  and  he  engaged  in  farming,  at  which 
he  continued  up  to  1S72,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  office 


of  Probate  Judge.  He  has  for  ten  years  been  the  Secretary 
of  the  Butler  County  Agricultural  Society,  and  also  a mem- 
ber of  the  Democratic  Central  Committee. 


Jll  OHNSTON,  WILLIAM  S.,  one  of  the  early  and 
I successful  business  men  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in 
I Middletown,  Connecticut,  March  13th,  1791,  and 
JJZ  died  at  Lake  Forest,  Illinois.  He  received  a fine 
education,  and  with  fair  prospects  started  for  the 
West.  He  located  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  lived 
for  nearly  fifty  years.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  that  city  he 
began  business  as  a dry-goods  merchant,  and  was  very  suc- 
cessful. But  in  a few  years  he  abandoned  mercantile  pur- 
suits entirely,  and  devoted  his  attention  to  investments  in 
real  estate.  He  made  large  purchases  in  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, and  in  the  western  parts  of  Cincinnati ; and  when 
Chicago  first  began  to  attract  attention  as  presenting  fine 
opportunities  for  real  estate  speculations,  he  invested  largely 
there.  In  his  various  real  estate  investments  of  thirty  or 
forty  years  ago,  Mr.  Johnston  displayed  rare  judgment  and 
foresight.  He  acted  on  the  principle  that  the  time  to  sell 
was  when  others  wanted  to  buy,  and  the  time  to  buy  was 
when  everybody  wanted  to  sell.  But  as  a rule  he  was  a 
buyer.  He  believed  that  money  in  real  estate  in  growing 
Western  cities  would,  in  the  end,  yield  a larger  return  than 
if  invested  in  any  other  species  of  property ; so  that,  in 
times  of  commercial  revulsion  or  temporary  depression  in 
prices,  he  would  never  sacrifice  his  real  estate.  The  result 
showed  his  wisdom.  Most  of  his  investments  were  in 
Chicago,  which,  from  a struggling  village  of  three  thousand 
inhabitants,  in  his  time  became  a proud-  metropolis.  Cin- 
cinnati, too,  has  increased  more  than  ten-fold  in  population 
and  value  of  property  since  Mr.  Johnston  began  his  career 
in  the  West.  Many  years  ago  he  owned  the  property  on 
which  the  Grand  Hotel  of  Cincinnati  now  stands;  and  the 
greater  part  of  his  life  in  that  city  was  spent  with  his  family 
in  the  old  homestead  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Vine  streets,  now  the  Custom  House  property.  In  1825  he 
became  a member  of  the  Cincinnati  Water  Company,  which 
was  composed  of  William  Greene,  John  P.  Foote,  George 
Graham,  D.  B.  Lawler  and  himself.  He  retained  his 
membership  and  interest  in  the  stock  of  the  company 
for  fifteen  years.  Finally,  after  a long  negotiation,  the 
water  works  were  sold  to  the  city  in  1840,  on  the  most  fa- 
vorable terms  to  the  people,  the  company  operating  the 
works  one  year  free  of  charge.  This  property  is  worth  now 
nearly  twenty-fold  more  than  the  city  paid  for  it.  Mr. 
Johnston  was  concerned  in  most  of  the  business  and  social 
movements  of  his  times,  and  in  a very  wide  sense  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  the  West.  Few  men  were  more  generous 
and  princely  in  their  gifts  and  charities,  and  none  were 
more  indifferent  to  public  recognitionr  Among  the  early 


^dXoxy  PuZ?  Co 


• ^ 


% 


<• 


i 


i' 


I 


•4* 


'I  .. 


l.-t 


« 


;‘’iir 


"v, 

1 


i- 


V 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


547 


founders  of  the  commerce  and  prosperity  of  Cincinnati,  he 
will  ev'er  hold  a prominent  place.  Ills  advanced  age  at  the 
time  of  his  death  attests  his  exceptionally  good  personal 
habits,  and  his  long  life  of  business  successes  was  marked 
by  the  strictest  honor  and  integrity  in  all  his  dealings  with 
his  fellow-men.  In  1821  he  was  married  to  Clarina  Bartow, 
of  West  Chester,  New  York.  From  this  union  five  chil- 
dren remain — two  sons  and  three  daughters  : William,  who 
lives  in  Chicago,  was  married  to  Jane  Butterfield;  Samuel, 
a bachelor,  also  resides  in  that  city ; Cornelia  married 
Simeon  B.  Williams ; Emily  married  Rpbert  L.  Fabian, 
and  Augusta  married  Horatio-  G.  Shumway,  a prominent 
lawyer  of  Chicago,  and  after  his  death  she  was  married  to 
Henry  D.  Huntington,  one  of  the  most  respected  and  suc- 
cessful retiied  business  men  of  Cincinnati. 


|||ARIMKE,  HON.  FREDERICK,  Lawyer,  Jurist 
and  Author,  was  born,  September  ist,  1791,  in 
the  city  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  He  com- 
pleted his  education  at  Yale  College,  graduating 
in  the  class  of  1810,  and  subsequently  studied  law. 
He  removed  to  Ohio  in  his  early  manhood,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  subsequently 
served  for  several  years  as  Presiding  Judge  in  one  of  the 
circuits  of  that  State.  In  1836,  without  any  solicitation  on 
his  part,  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
which  position  he  held  for  the  next  seven  years,  discharging 
his  duties  with  ability  and  inflexible  integrity.  He  pub- 
lished a work  entitled  “ Considerations  upon  the  Nature  and 
Tendency  of  Free  Institutions”  (Cincinnati,  1848),  and 
“An  Essay  on  Ancient  and  Modern  Literature.”  He  left 
a fund  to  his  executor  to  provide  for  the  publication  of  a 
collection  of  his  various  writings  in  two  volumes.  He  died 
in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  March  8th,  1863. 


^ITZGERALD,  HON.  JAMES  W.,  Lawyer,  was 
born  at  Queenstown,  Ireland,  February  15th, 
1836.  He  attended  the  schools  of  his  native  city, 
and  was  a student  of  the  college  at  that  place 
when  he  embarked  for  Canada  in  1851.  He  re- 
mained in  Quebec  until  the  fall  of  1853,  when  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  a clerk  in  a grocery 
store.  In  1854  he  engaged  as  bookkeeper  for  tbe  well- 
known  marble  firm  of  Charles  Rule  & Co.,  at  P'ifth  and 
Broadway,  and  entered  upon  a systematic  course  of  reading 
and  study,  devoting  much  of  his  spare  time  to  the  law.  He 
began  the  grocery  business  on  his  own  account  in  1861,  but 
still  pursued  his  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864. 
He  at  once  engaged  in  practice  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  has 
continued  to  the  present  time,  except  as  interrupted  by 
offici.al  duties,  being  especially  devoted  to  the  criminal 


branch,  for  which  he  is  eminently  qualified  by  his  native 
genius  and  quick  perception.  His  public  career  began  by 
his  election  to  the  City  Council  in  1861,  when  only  twenty- 
five  years  of  age,  and,  except  for  a brief  period,  he  has  since 
been  a member  of  that  body  by  successive  re-elections.  He 
was  elected  County  Commissioner  of  Hamilton  county  in 
1864,  and  in  1868  was  elected  a Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  elected  President  of  Council  in  the 
spring  of  i86g,  and  was  confirmed  as  Assistant  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Hamilton  county  in  the  fall  following.  Under 
the  new  law  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Board  of  Coun- 
cilmen  in  1872;  served  as  Vice-President  of  the  same  body 
in  1874,  and  was  re-elected  President  in  1875.  That  was 
his  seventh  term  in  Council,  and  he  has  served  the  city  in 
that  body  for  a longer  period  than  any  one  of  the  seventy- 
two  members  of  which  the  Council  is  composed.  His  pres- 
ent prominence  and  influence  may  be  attributed  to  the  early 
political  training  he  received  from  his  employer,  Charles 
Rule,  who  was  one  of  the  prominent  Democratic  politicians 
of  the  West.  He  was  the  nominee  of  the  Democratic  party 
for  Police  Judge  in  1875,  and  few  men  of  his  age  have 
received  more  marks  of  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
party  and  the  general  public. 


OORHES,  RICHARD  M.,  Lawyer  and  Soldier, 
was  born,  October  6th,  1838,  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio.  His  parents  were  both  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, his  father  being  a farmer  by  occupation. 
He  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the 
Normal  School  at  Hopedale,  and  also  attended 
the  Damascus,  Ohio,  Academy  until  he  was  nineteen  years 
old.  He  then  taught  school  in  Holmes  county  for  two  terms, 
reading  law  in  the  vacation  with  the  firm  of  Barcroft  & 
Voorhes,  of  Millersburg,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that 
town  July  6th,  i860.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  during  the  same  month,  being  associated  with 
Thomas  Campbell,  of  Coshocton,  and  so  remained  until 
.-\pril.15th,  1861,  the  date  of  President  Lincoln’s  proclama- 
tion calling  for  75,000  men  to  suppress  the  rebellion.  He 
was  the  first  person  to  sign  enlistment  papers  in  Coshocton 
as  a private,  and  was  assigned  to  Company  A,  i6th  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  also  among  the  first 
body  of  troops  that  crossed  the  Ohio  river  into  Virginia, 
acting  as  Orderly  Sergeant.  These  troops  were  under  the 
command  of  General  McClellan.  He  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  in  August,  1861,  and  on  his  return  home  re- 
enlisted m the  three  years’  service,  October  28th,  1861,  as  a 
private  in  Com]4any  F,  56th  Ohio  Volunteers,  under  Colonel 
Charles  Harker.  On  November  6th  following  he  was 
elected  First  Lieutenant,  and  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain.  He  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  United  States  service,  being  commissioned 
by  President  Lincoln,  and  served  until  November,  1865. 


548 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOILEDIA. 


He  was  an  active  participant  in  the  battles  of  Pittsburgh 
Landing  (or  Shiloh),  Corinth,  Mississippi,  Perryville,  Ken- 
tucky, and  Stone  River,  Tennessee.  In  this  latter  engage- 
ment he  was  wounded  in  the  hip,  which  disabled  him  from 
active  service  in  the  field.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster 
of  Coshocton  in  1867  by  President  Johnson,  and  held  that 
position  until  1S69.  He  was  elected,  in  1S6S,  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Coshocton  County,  and  re-elected  in  1870, 
holding  that  position  for  four  years.  In  December,  1875, 
he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the  United  States  Courts  of 
Ohio.  He  has  been  a zealous  and  consistent  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  since  July,  1 866.  He  was 
married,  November  27th,  1S62,  to  Georgeanna,  second 
daughter  of  Washington  Burt,  of  Coshocton,  and  is  the 
father  of  two  sons. 


|EWIS,  HON.  EDWARD  C.,  M.  D.,  Senator  from 
the  Eighteenth  District  to  the  Sixty-second  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Holmes 
county,  Ohio,  December  26th,  1838.  He  is  the 
son  of  William  Lewis  and  Nancy  (Crawford) 
Lewis.  His  father,  a native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a descendant  of  Major  Lewis,  of  revolutionary  fame, 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1831,  and  there  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits ; his  mother  belongs  to  the  celebrated  Canby 
family.  He  received  his  preliminary  education  at  the 
Berlin  High  School,  in  Holmes  county,  Ohio,  was  placed 
in  the  Fredericksburg  Academy,  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  and  finished  his  education  at  New 
Wilmington,  Delaware.  He  subsequently  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  for  four  years  remained  as  a student 
under  the  renowned  Professor  J.  W.  Hamilton,  of  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  having  also  the  daily  clinical  advantages  of  the 
hospital  in  the  Ohio  Penitentiary.  The  succeeding  two 
years  he  was  a pupil  of  the  eminent  Professor  Joseph  Pan- 
coast, of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  also  gradu- 
ated with  first  honors  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  1862. 
While  studying  at  that  institution  the  opportunities  fur- 
nished him  for  clinical  instruction  were  exceptionally ^ood. 
The  hospitals  of  the  city  were  crowded  with  sick  and 
wounded  soldiers  and  every  description  of  physical  disease, 
and  surgical  operation  came  under  his  observation  ; and  it 
is  doubtless  in  a great  measure  to  the  experience  then  ac- 
quired, under  the  guidance  of  his  renowned  instructor,  that 
he  owes  the  great  success  which  has  attended  his  practice 
and  given  him  so  distinguished  a place  in  the  profession. 
In  the  spring  of  1862  he  passed  a successful  medical  and 
surgical  examination  before  the  United  States  Navy  Board, 
in  the  city  of  New  York.  After  leaving  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  in  1862,  be  was  offered,  and  declined,  the  position 
of  Surgeon  to  a regiment  of  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  In 
the  same  year  he  accepted  the  commission  of  Surgeon  to 
one  of  the  United  States  army  hospitals  at  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, but,  after  a brief  experience  with  hospital  gangrene. 


resigned  the  place  and  established  himself  at  New  Phila- 
delphia, Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio.  While  there  he  was 
Physician  to  the  County  Infirmary,  whence,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  two  years,  he  removed  to  Canal  Dover,  in  the  same 
county,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  officiated  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Tuscarawas  County  Medical  Society,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society.  He  has  aided 
the  Democratic  party  by  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  County 
Democratic  Central  Committee,  and  has  always  furnished 
labor  and  means  for  the  honest  advancement  of  his  friends. 
As  a literary  essayist  Senator  Lewis  has  acquired  an  envi- 
able reputation,  while  his  many  valuable  contributions  to 
the  medical  journals  of  the  country  reflect  great  credit  upon 
his  scientific  and  professional  attainments.  Having  an  as- 
sociate in  practice,  and  living  in  the  enjoyment  of  ample 
means,  he  has  been  enabled  to  take  an  active  part  in  public 
aft'airs,  and  his  name  has  been  identified,  consequently, 
with  every  recent  project  of  importance  designed  and  pro- 
jected in  order  to  further  the  developments  of  his  county. 
For  the  past  ten  y’ears  he  has  served  as  a member  of  the 
Agricultural  Society  of  Tuscarawas  County,  is  Surgeon  for 
two  of  her  important  railroads,  and  has  given  effiuent  sup- 
port to  the  important  lines  of  railway  connecting  the  county 
with  the  Cleveland  and  Ohio  river  markets.  In  1873  he 
was  nominated  by  acclamation,  and  elected  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  to  represent  his  county  in  the  Sixty-first 
General  Assembly,  where  he  was  a member  of  several 
important  standing  committees,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
■Standing  Committee  on  Benevolent  Institutions.  Declin- 
ing the  renomination  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  in 
1875,  nominated  by  acclamation  in  the  Joint  Con- 

vention of  the  Eighteenth  Senatorial  District,  and  elected 
by  a larger  majority  than  was  given  to  any  one  upon  .State 
or  county  ticket  in  his  district.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
important  reformatory  measures,  and,  as  a .Senator,  has  won 
a reputation  .and  an  influence  which  must  be  as  gratifying 
to  his  constituency  as  creditable  to  himself.  He  was  mar- 
ried, October  22d,  1862,  to  Mary  E.  Slingluff,  the  highly 
accomplished  and  only  daughter  of  the  late  lamented  Dr. 
Joseph  Slingluff,  of  Canal  Dover,  by  whom  he  has  two 
daughters,  Anola  and  Josie  Lewis. 


ILSON,  GEORGE  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Febru- 
ary 22d,  1840,  at  Brighton,  Clarke  county,  Ohio, 
and  is  the  third  son  of  Washington  and  Mary  A. 
Wilson;  his  father  is  a successful  farmer  and  live 
stock  dealer,  and  a man  of  influence  in  his  sec- 
tion. George  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  district  school,  and  subsequently  attended  Antioch 
College  for  three  years.  In  1861  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  R.  A.  Harrison,  at  London, 
Ohio,  which,  however,  he  relinquished  for  a season  to  en- 
list in  the  army,  the  civil  war  having  broken  out.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


549 


joined  the  94th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infuntiy  on 
August  8th,  1862,  and  was  elected  Second  Lieutenant  by 
his  company.  He  received  his  commission  and  was  mus- 
tered into  the  service  on  the  23d  of  the  same  month,  and 
served  with  that  command  until  J.anuary  20th,  1864,  when 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany G.  He  remained  with  that  regiment  until  August 
25th,  1864,  when  he  was  mustered  out  to  accept  a commis- 
sion from  President  Lincoln  as  P'irst  Lieutenant  of  the  ist 
Regiment  United  States  Veteran  Volunteer  Engineers,  in 
which  command  he  served  as  such  until,  June  ist,  1865, 
he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  Company  L,  a new 
company  then  added  to  the  regiment.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  from  the  service  on  the  26th  day  of  September, 

1865,  at  Xashville,  Tennessee,  and  returned  to  Ohio,  where 
he  at  once  resumed  his  law  studies.  Having  completed 
his  course  of  reading  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  May  7th, 

1866,  and  immediately  thereafter  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Madison  county.  He  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  that  county  in  October,  1866,  and 
prior  to  the  expiration  of  his  two  years’  term  was  re-elected, 
in  1868,  to  the  same  office.  In  1870  he  associated  with 
him  S.  W.  Durflinger,  a young  attorney  who  has  since 
made  his  mark  as  a promising  advocate,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Wilson  & Durflinger,  which  partnership  has  pros- 
pered greatly  and  commands  at  present  a large  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  October,  1871,  the  senior  partner  was  elected 
a member  of  the  lower  House  in  the  General  Assembly  of 
Ohio,  as  representative  from  Madison  county  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket,  with  which  party  he  has  ever  been  affiliated. 
Since  his  legislative  term  expired  he  has  been  constantly 
engaged  in  professional  duties,  in  which  he  has  been  emi- 
nently successful.  He  has  at  sundry  times  held  several 
positions  in  corporations,  both  municipal  and  others  than 
municipal.  He  is  a zealous  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  In  all  his  daily  walks  in  life  he  has  always  en- 
deavored to  discharge  every  duty,  whether  public  or  private, 
to  the  best  of  his  ability  and  with  fidelity  to  those  inter- 
ested, without  reference  to  personal  feelings  or  predilec- 
tions. Pie  is  a valuable  citizen  in  the  community  where  he 
resides,  and  enjoys  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who 
know  him.  Before  his  enlistment  in  the  army  he  was 
married  to  Martha  Lee  Rice,  an  estimable  lady,  by  whom 
he  has  three  children,  Bertha  Josephine,  William  Rice  and 
P' ranees. 


ELLY,  HOX.  MO.SES,  Lawyer  and  Legislator, 
was  born,  January  21st,  1809,  in  Groveland,  Liv- 
ingston county  (at  that  time  Ontario  county). 
New  York,  and  died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  August 
15th,  1870.  His  father,  Daniel  Kelly,  a Penn- 
sylvanian, of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  removed  to 
New  York  in  1797.  His  mother  was  of  German  descent. 
He  lived  with  his  father  at  Groveland,  working  on  the 


farm  and  attending  school  until  he  was  eighteep  years  of 
age,  when  he  commenced  preparing  for  college  at  Geneseo, 
under  Cornelius  C.  I’elton  (subsequently  President  of  How- 
ard University),  and  entered  the  freshman  class  of  Harvard 
College  in  1S29,  and  graduated  with  his- class  in  1833. 
He  then  read  law  for  three  years  in  the  office  of  Orlando 
Hastings,  of  Rochester,  New  York.  When  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  practise  he  removed  at  once  to  Cleveland,  where, 
in  1836,  he  formed  a law  partnership  with  Hon.  Thomas 
Bolton,  who  had  been  his  college  classmate.  The  firm  was 
Bolton  & Kelly,  and  was  honored  with  a large  practice. 
In  1839  chosen  City  Attorney,  and  in  1841  was 

elected  to  the  City  Council,  where  he  did  a noble  work  in 
enacting  a law  to  protect  the  city  from  the  encroachments 
of  the  lake.  He  was  elected  by  the  Whigs  of  Cuyahoga 
and  Geauga  counties  as  State  Senator  for  1S44  and  1845. 
His  service  in  the  Senate  was  bold  and  fearless  for  what  he 
deemed  right,  regardless  of  jiarty  politics.  The  bill  to  re- 
duce the  salaiy  of  judges  to  an  inadequate  amount  he 
resisted  to  the  last;  although  it  w'as  carried  through  by  both 
parties  for  political  effect,  it  was  repealed  by  the  next  Legis- 
lature. The  Whig  party,  to  which  he  belonged,  favored 
the  establishment  of  a Slate  bank  and  branches,  and  a bill 
to  that  effect  was  introduced  ; but  he  opposed  it  strongly, 
and  advocated  a system  of  free  banking,  with  currency 
based  on  State  stocks.  All  efforts  to  quiet  his  opposition 
were  unavailing,  and,  although  the  State  bank  was  estab- 
lished, he  secured  the  addition  to  the  bill  permitting  the 
establishment  of  independent  banks  with  circulation  based 
on  State  stocks  deposited  with  the  State  government ; also 
the  addition  of  checks  and  safeguards  to  the  bank  system. 
His  action  was  approved  by  his  constituents,  and  a public 
meeting  was  called,  without  regard  to  party,  which  ap- 
proved his  course.  The  Ohio  independent  bank  system, 
which  he  advocated  and  which  proved  successful,  was  the 
model  on  which  the  national  bank  system  of  the  United 
States  was  subsequently  constructed.  At  the  same  session 
a bill  was  introduced  to  give  the  Ohio  Life  & Trust  Com- 
pany authority  to  issue  bills  to  the  amount  of  $500,000. 
The  arguments  in  favor  of  the  bill  were  plausible,  and  the 
support  promised  so  great  that  the  success  was  considered 
certain.  But  on  its  third  reading  Mr.  Kelly  opposed  it 
with  a speech  of  so  much  force  that  it  failed,  although  it 
had  up  to  that  time  the  support  of  both  the  Whigs  and 
Democrats.  At  the  close  of  the  session  he  returned  to  his 
profession.  In  1849  1^®  Legislature  appointed  him  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Cleveland  to  subscribe  to 
the  capital  stock,  on  behalf  of  the  city,  of  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburgh  Railroad  Company.  He  accepted  the  trust,  and 
represented  the  city’s  interest  in  the  Board  of  Directors  for 
several  years,  until  the  stock  held  by  the  city  was  disposed 
of.  In  1856  Mr.  Bolton,  his  partner,  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  the  firm  was  changed 
to  Kelly  & Griswold,  Mr.  O.  .S.  Griswold  having  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  firm  in  1851.  In  1866  he  was  a member  of 


550 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


the  Philadelphia  convention  for  the  healing  of  the  differ- 
ences between  the  North  and  South.  In  September,  1866, 
President  Johnson  appointed  him  United  Slates  Marshal 
for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio.  The  Senate  of  the 
United  States  refused  to  confirm  the  appointment  on  ac- 
count of  the  opposition  to  Mr.  Johnson,  and  in  March, 
1867,  he  withdrew  from  that  office.  He  was  a stockholder. 
Director  and  Attorney  of  the  City  Bank  of  Cleveland,  which 
was  organized  under  the  law  of  1845,  f>  om  its  establishment 
to  its  reorganization  as  the  National  City  Bank,  and  until 
his  death.  He  assisted  in  organizing  St.  Paul’s  Episcopal 
Church,  and  continued  one  of  its  most  active  and  liberal 
supporters.  He  stood  at  the  head  ol  his  profession,  and  his 
character  was  spotless.  He.  was  married  in  1839  to  Mary 
Jane  Have,  daughter  of  General  Hezekiah  Have,  of  New 
Haven,  Connecticut,  and  at  his  death  left  five  children,  of 
whom  the  oldest,  Frank  11.  Kelly,  was  born  in  Cleveland, 
in  1840.  This  son,  after  a preparatory  education  in  his 
native  city,  entered  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler,  Ohio, 
and  upon  leaving  that  institution  returned  to  his  home,  read 
law  in  his  father’s  office,  graduated  at  the  Ohio  Slate  and 
Union  Law  College,  in  Cleveland,  and  was  admitted  to 
practise  law  in  1861.  He  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
politics  from  that  time,  and  in  1873  was  elected  to  the 
Council  as  Trustee  from  the  newly  organized  Sixteenth 
ward,  and  the  following  year  was  elected  President  of  the 
Council.  His  uniform  fairness  in  decisions  and  his  close 
attention  to  business  have  rendered  him  very  popular. 


;ARAN,  HON.  JAMES  J.,  Lawyer  and  Editor, 
was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  December  29th, 
1809.  He  graduated  from  Miami  University  in 
1832.  Immediately  after  leaving  college  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  Judge  O.  M.  Spencer,  with 
whom  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1834.  In  the  following  year  he  was  elected  by  the 
Democratic  party  to  the  House  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  State  of  Ohio.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  same  branch 
of  the  General  Assembly  in  1837,  and  again  in  1838.  Dur- 
ing the  session  of  1838-39  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House. 
He  was  now  very  popular  with  his  party,  as  an  indication 
of  which  he  was  elected  to  represent  Cincinnati  in  the  State 
Senate,  in  1839,  and  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1841 
and  during  the  two  sessions  of  the  last  term  he  was  Speaker 
of  the  Senate.  In  1844  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from 
Hamilton  county  district,  and  in  1846  was  re-elected, 
serving  four  years.  In  1855  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Cin- 
cinnati, serving  for  two  years.  He  was  appointed  Post- 
master at  Cincinnati  by  President  Buchanan,  and  after 
serving  during  a part  of  that  President’s  administration  was 
removed  for  political  considerations.  Mr.  Faran  appeared 
as  a writer  while  in  college,  and  in-  1834  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Democratic  Reporter,  a campaign  paper  pub- 


lished in  Cincinnati  during  the  race  for  Congress  between 
General  Robert  T.  Lytle  and  Judge  Bellamy  Storer.  In 
1844  he  became  connected  with  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer 
as  one  of  its  proprietors,  which  connection  has  continued 
ever  since,  with  but  a short  intermission  ; and  during  most 
of  the  time  he  has  been  its  editor.  Mr.  Faran  has  not  ap- 
peared as  one  of  the  editors  of  his  paper  for  several  years, 
and  has  long  since  lost  his  political  aspirations ; but  in 
every  field  in  which  he  has  figured  he  has  been  exception- 
ally successful ; and,  although  he  has  acquired  a consider- 
able fortune,  he  still  holds  his  proprietary  interest  in  the 
Enquirer,  to  which  he  daily  gives  his  attention.  His  per- 
sonal appearance  is  very  fine,  and  his  bearing  dignified  and 
courteous;  and,  although  long  a politician,  he  is  left  with- 
out a scar ; few  men  assuming  so  little  to  themselves  and 
standing  so  deservedly  high  in  the  estimation  of  the  public. 


U |lf|^ORTHINGTON,  HENRY,  Senior  member  of  the 
g J'  III  firm  of  Worthington,  Power  & Fee,  Leaf  Tobacco 
(bliliP  Merchants,  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Mason  county, 
Kentucky,  on  .September  1st,  1826,  and  for  ten 
c)  years  past  has  been  a large  and  successful  dealer 

in  leaf  tobacco  in  all  the  American  markets  for 
that  staple,  with  head-quarters  in  Cincinnati.  Joseph 
Power,  of  the  firm,  is  a native  of  Bracken  county,  Ken- 
tucky ; a young  man  of  great  energy  and  activity,  and  for 
his  age  perhaps  the  largest  operator  in  tobacco  in  America. 


ITHERSPOON,  REV.  ORLANDO,  Presbyter  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  son  of  Samuel  F. 
and  Eliza  Witherspoon,  was  born  in  Rochester, 
New  York,  P’ebruary  4th,  1837.  He  graduated 
at  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in 
1856.  He  studied  theology  at  Berkley  Divinity 
School,  in  Middletown,  Connecticut,  and  was  there  or- 
dained Deacon  by  Bishop  Williams,  in  May,  1859.  From 
that  time  until  May,  i860,  he  was  Assistant  Minister  at 
Trinity  Church,  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  when  he  became 
Rector  of  St.  John’s  Church,  Buffalo,  New  York.  In  July, 
1868,  St.  John’s  Church  was  partially  destroyed  by  fire, 
which  led  to  a division  of  sentiment  in  the  congregation  as 
to  the  rebuilding  of  the  edifice  or  its  removal  to  another 
site.  A portion  of  the  congregation  separated  and  formed 
a new  parish,  under  the  name  of  Christ  Church,  of  which 
he  became  Rector  in  March,  1869.  This  position  he  re- 
signed on  E.aster  day,  1875,  and  the  following  Sunday, 
April  4th,  became  Rector  of  St.  Paul’s  Church,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  He  was  for  many  years  Secretary  of  the  Standing 
Committee  of  the  Diocese  of  Western  New  York.  He  is 
the  author  of  a “ Manual  on  the  Canons  of  the  Protestant 


BIOGRArmCAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


551 


Episcopal  Church;”  of  “A  Course  of  Sunday-School  In- 
structions,” in  eight  volumes ; of  several  musical  works ; 
and  of  other  minor  publications.  Mr.  Witherspoon  is  a 
ready  and  able  writer,  an  elegant  conversationalist,  and  a 
fluent  and  eloquent  speaker.  Standing  six  feet  in  his  shoes, 
and  weighing  two  hundred  pounds,  with  a fine  face  and 
head,  he  presents  an  admirable  appearance,  at  once  placing 
him  on  good  terms  with  his  audience.  lie  is  only  in  the 
prime  of  life,  and  may  reasonably  look  forward  to  a long- 
extended  and  useful  career.  On  December  12th,  i860,  he 
was  married  to  Cora  V.  Taylor,  third  daughter  of  Alexan- 
der Taylor,  of  Cardenas,  Cuba. 


OLLIER,  THOMAS  WILLIS,  Editor  and  Pub- 
lisher, was  born,  April  22d,  1S44,  in  Carrollton, 
Ohio,  of  American  parentage  and  English  lin- 
eage. In  1852  his  parents  removed  to  Cadiz, 
where  he  attended  school  for  about  a year,  and 
when  nine  years  old  went  into  a printing  office 
to  learn  the  trade,  his  father  having  been  a newspaper  man. 
He  remained  so  engaged,  with  the  exception  of  a year,  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  He  enlisted  as  a private  in 
the  1 6th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry — three  months’ 
service — and  when  honorably  discharged  re-enlisted  as  a 
private  for  the  war,  and  rose  from  the  ranks  to  the  succes- 
sive grades  of  Second  Lieutenant,  Eirst  Lieutenant,  and 
Adjutant,  and  finally  as  Captain.  He  served  from  Novem- 
ber, 1S61,  until  September,  1S65,  when  he  was  honorably 
discharged.  On  his  return  home  he  removed  to  Coshocton, 
where,  in  September,  1866,  he  purchased  the  Coshocton 
A^e,  which  he  has  conducted  ever  since.  He  has  been  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  has  been  Postmaster  of  Coshoc- 
ton since  1869,  being  appointed  to  that  office  by  President 
Grant.  He  has  been  a hard  worker  throughout  his  life, 
and  has  attained  his  present  position  by  dint  of  industry, 
energy,  and  perseverance.  He  was  married,  April  14th, 
1864,  to  Kate  Rinehait,  of  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio. 


URT,  ANDREW  GANO,  Banker,  was  born  at 
Natchez,  Mississippi,  May  21st,  1810,  while  his 
parents  were  temporarily  residing  there.  His 
father  came  to  Cincinnati  from  Massachusetts, 
and  shortly  afterwards  was  married  to  Sarah,  the 
oldest  daughter  of  the  late  General  John  S. 
Gano.  He  was  a nephew  of  the  late  Major  Daniel  Gano, 
also  of  Cincinnati,  to  which  city  his  parents  returned  from  the 
South  soon  after  his  birth.  He  received  a fair  education  in 
the  schools  of  that  city,  and  commenced  business  as  a Clerk 
in  the  County  Court.  Afterwards  he  held  a position  in  the 
office  of  the  Miami  Exporting  Company.  On  the  failure 
of  this  company  he  established  the  banking  house  of  Burt  & 


Green,  and  on  the  dissolution  of  this  firm,  about  1856,  he 
organized  the  banking  house  of  A.  G.  Burt  & Co.,  taking 
into  partnership  Mr.  John  T.  Hooper.  This  new  firm  was 
prosperous  for  many  years,  his  excellent  judgment  and 
.sound  sense  guiding  them  through  the  trying  times  of  1857 
and  1861.  A year  or  two  before  his  death  the  failure  of  a 
New  York  house,  of  which  he  was  Cincinnati  correspond- 
ent, seriously  embarrassed  him,  and  caused  him  to  make  an 
arrangement  with  his  creditors.  On  this  occasion  he  dis- 
played many  of  his  most  admirable  qualities.  He  was  a 
thorough  gentleman,  keenly  alive  to  the  demands  of  a most 
exacting  sense  of  honor,  and  he  bore  his  troubles  with  a 
pride  which  was  born  not  less  of  the  knowledge  that  he  had 
done  everything  which  the  severest  justice  could  demand, 
than  of  a lofty  hope  and  purpose  of  repairing  his  broken 
fortunes.  Had  he  lived  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  he 
would  have  realized  his  expectations.  His  judgment  of 
men  was  rarely  at  fault;  his  sense  of  honor  was  acute  and 
delicate ; his  word  was  as  good  as  his  bond,  and  he  was 
generous  to  a fault.  He  was  extremely  fond  of  books,  and 
his  reading  covered  a wide  range.  He  was  especially  de- 
voted to  art,  and  many  Cincinnati  art  expositions  were 
enriched  by  contributions  from  his  collection,  which  was 
one  of  the  finest  about  that  city.  In  his  domestic  relations 
he  was  singularly  tender  and  indulgent.  He  left  a widow 
— who  was  Ann  Green  Thompson,  to  whom  he  was  married 
in  1832 — and  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  married, 
and  all  but  one  of  whom  are  residing  in  Cincinnati.  One 
of  his  sons  is  still  engaged  in  the  banking  house,  yet  bearing 
the  firm-name  of  A.  G.  Burt  & Co.  Mr.  Burt’s  personal 
appearance  was  very  fine;  his  bearing  courtly.  He  seemed 
almost  to  belong  to  a former  age,  and  might  have  stepped 
back  into  the  customs  of  the  last  century  and  found  himself 
at  home.  He  died  January  28th,  1874. 


©?|r  INSLEY,  WILLIAM,  Architect,  was  born,  Febru- 
ary 7th,  1804,  at  Clonmel,  in  the  county  of  Tip- 
pcraiy,  Ireland,  and  is  the  son  of  Thomas  Tinsley, 
a master  builder  by  profession.  He  is  of  English 
extraction,  the  Tinsleys  having  left  England 
about  the  time  of  Cromwell ; and  his  father’s 
maternal  ancestry  were  Irish — the  Mocklers  of  Mocklers- 
town — who  left  the  country  when  James  the  Second  fled, 
W'illiam  was  educated  in  the  day  schools  of  his  native  town 
until  he  was  about  sixteen,  and  he  was  then  received  into 
his  elder  brother  John’s  establishment,  where  he  was  placed 
under  the  various  foremen  of  the  different  divisions  of  house 
and  church  con.struction.  He  received  instruction  from  his 
brother  in  architectural  drawing,  and  akso  in  mathematical 
and  landscape  drawing  from  the  ])rofessors  at  the  endowed 
school.  When  he  was  about  twenty-one  years  old  his 
brother  John  died,  and  he  took  his  ])lnce  and  turned  to 
account  the  knowledge  and  experience  he  had  acquired. 


552 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 


The  first  work  he  undertook  was  a design  for  a large  linen 
hall ; then  followed  frame  houses  and  offices,  cottage  resi- 
dences, and  county  churches.  Some  of  the  latter  he  built 
on  the  plans  of  the  Diocesan  architect.  Soon,  however,  he 
was  employed  on  more  important  works,  e.  g.,  mansions  for 
the  gentry  in  the  old  English  castellated  and  Italian  styles. 
Among  these,  Tulamane  Castle,  Lakefield  House,  etc.  He 
occasionally  submitted  his  design  to  the  Diocesan  architect, 
and  had  the  benefit  of  his  instruction.  He  also  frequently 
visited  and  made  sketches  of  the  ecclesiastical  and  castel- 
lated remains  so  plentiful  in  every  part  of  the  country. 
When  he  was  thirty-eight  years  old  he  was  appointed  by 
Right  Rev.  Robert  Daly,  Bishop  of  Cashel,  etc.,  to  the  posi- 
tion of  Diocesan  Architect  (which  post  he  filled  acceptably 
until  his  emigration  to  the  United  States) ; shortly  after- 
wards Architect  to  the  Marquis  of  Waterford ; and  about 
the  same  time  a similar  position  was  tendered  him  by  the 
Earl  of  Glengale,  to  rebuild  a large  portion  of  the  town  of 
Cahir,  a few  miles  from  Clonmel.  The  general  stagnation 
in  business  succeeding  the  failure  of  the  crops  in  1847,  and 
the  attempted  rebellion  in  1848,  caused  these  noblemen, 
with  others  of  his  patrons,  to  cease  improvements,  and  this 
led  him  to  turn  his  attention  to  America.  With  his  large 
family  he  left  Ireland,  and  reached  the  United  States  in  the 
autumn  of  1 85 1,  settling  in  Cincinnati.  He  found,  how- 
ever, the  style  and  character  of  building  so  entirely  different 
from  that  which  obtains  in  the  British  isles,  that  he  could 
not  be  prevailed  upon  to  conform  to  the  tlien  American 
style  of  false  and  flimsy  construction.  When  soon  after  he 
had  an  opportunity  of  submitting  a design  for  the  North- 
western Christian  University,  at  Indianapolis,  which  was 
the  successful  one  in  the  competition,  he  removed  thither, 
and  while  a resident  of  that  city  was  employed  as  architect 
and  builder  of  several  universities,  colleges,  churches,  and 
residences,  for  the  period  of  five  years.  He  then  returned 
to  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Among  his  late 
professional  works  may  be  mentioned  St.  Paul’s  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  Cincinnati;  the  Institution  for  the  Blind, 
at  Columbus;  the  Knox  County  Infirmary;  beside  numbers 
of  churches,  residences,  etc.  While  a resident  of  Ireland 
his  political  views  were  of  the  liberal  conservative  party, 
while  in  the  United  States  very  decidedly  Union.  Three 
of  his  sons  aided  in  the  restoration  of  the  Union  authorities 
during  the  late  civil  war,  two  of  them  as  belligerents,  and 
one — Rev.  Charles  Tinsley — in  the  hospital  service.  His 
religious  belief  is  that  taught  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  although  his  children  were  all  brought  up  in  the 
United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland.  He  has  been 
thrice  married.  When  about  twenty-three  years  of  age  he 
was  united  to  a lady  of  his  own  age ; in  two  years  he  was  a 
childless  widower,  her  child  and  herself  were  interred  on 
the  second  anniversary  of  their  union.  The  following  year 
he  married  the  cousin  of  his  first  wife,  and  during  the 
twenty-seven  years  of  this  married  life  thirteen  children 
were  born  to  him.  She  died  in  Indianapolis,  leaving  ten 


children  living,  two  only  of  whom  were  capable  of  helping 
themselves.  Shortly  prior  to  his  return  to  Cincinnati  he 
married  a third  time,  as  his  young  family  of  children  needed 
care  and  aid  in  their  education,  especially  as  the  nature  of 
his  business  required  him  to  be  frequently  absent  from 
home.  Three  other  children  have  been  born  to  him  from 
this  union.  He  has  had  the  assistance  of  several  of  his  sons 
in  his  office.  Among  these.  Rev.  Charles  Tinsley  aided 
him  until  he  entered  the  ministry.  His  second  son  gave 
promise  of  taste  and  ability  ; but  while  engaged  on  a model 
of  the  Probasco  House,  died  after  a few  days’  illness,  on  the 
day  after  he  had  attained  his  majority.  P'ive  other  sons 
were  for  some  time  in  his  office  under  instructions,  of  whom 
four  went  into  other  occupations ; one  only,  Thomas 
Richard,  the  sixth  son  (whose  biographical  sketch  appears 
in  this  volume),  persevered  in  the  .study  of  architecture, 
and  is  now  Architect  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Central 
Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  of  other  buildings  in  Columbus, 
Ohio.  Of  his  daughters,  one  is  the  wife  of  the  Vicar  of 
Kilrouan,  Ireland;  a second  is  married  to  a lawyer  in  In- 
diana; while  a third  has  been  for  three  years  past  laboring 
as  a missionary  at  Lucknow,  in  the  East  Indies.  Three 
other  daughters  and  one  son  are  at  their  father’s  house  on 
Mount  Auburn,  Cincinnati.  Although  he  has  entered  upon 
his  seventy-third  year,  he  is  yet  capable  of  producing  orig- 
inal designs,  the  offspring  of  his  brain  and  the  handiwork 
of  his  pencil. 

IHTTLE.SEY,  CHARLES,  Soldier  and  Geologist, 
born  in  Southington,  Connecticut,  October  4th, 
1808,  and  is  the  son  of  Asaph  Whittlesey,  of  that 
town.  When  he  was  but  four  years  of  age,  dur- 
ing his  father’s  .absence  in  the  West,  he  was  sent 
to  the  country  school  “ to  be  out  of  harm’s  way.” 
In  1813  his  family  removed  to  Talmadge,  Summit  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  again  attended  school  and  worked  on  the 
farm  until  he  was  appointed,  in  1827,  a cadet  at  W'est  Point. 
In  1S32  he  graduated  with  honor,  and  was  made  Brevet 
Second  Lieutenant  in  the  5th  United  States  Infantry. 
While  a cadet  at  West  Point  a cadet  from  the  South  was 
under  sentence  of  death  for  striking  a superior  officer,  and 
while  waiting  the  approval  of  the  sentence  at  Washington, 
was  confined  in  the  prison.  Cadet  Whittlesey  was  standing 
guard  outside,  and  when  his  back  was  turned  the  prisoner 
sprang  out,  caught  the  sentry’s  musket,  and  placed  a loaded 
pistol  at  his  ear ; but  Whittlesey  disregarded  the  pistol  and 
the  order  to  keep  quiet,  called  for  the  corporal  of  the  guard, 
and  wEen  the  prisoner  ran,  pursued  him,  and  was  about  to 
pierce  him  with  the  bayonet,  when  a relief  caught  the  pris- 
oner. In  1833  he  served  in  the  Black  Hawk  w'ar,  and 
then  resigned  to  devote  himself  to  civil  and  mining  engin- 
eering and  geology.  In  1838,  during  the  Florida  war,  and 
again  in  1846,  during  the  Mexican  war,  he  offered  his  ser- 
vices to  the  government  as  a soldier,  but  they  were  not 


BIOGRAI'HICAL  ENCVCLOIGEDIA. 


553 


deemed  necessary.  In  1S37  he  was  appointed  on  the 
geological  survey  of  Ohio,  and  fur  two  years  labored  assid- 
uously in  the  work  of  ascertaining  and  locating  the  mineral 
resources  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  After  two  years  the  Legis- 
lature was  so  economical  as  to  have  the  survey  abandoned, 
but  the  results  attained  have  been  of  vast  benefit  to  north- 
eastern Ohio,  by  disclosing  the  rich  coal  and  iron  fields 
which  have  made  that  portion  of  the  State  prosperous  and 
populous.  During  five  years,  commencing  in  1847,  he  was 
employed  by  the  United  States  government  to  survey  the 
country  around  Lake  .Superior  and  the  upper  Mississippi,  in 
reference  to  mines  and  minerals.  I.ater,  he  spent  much 
time  exploring  the  mineral  districts  of  the  Lake  .Superior 
basin.  Still  later,  the  State  of  Wisconsin  employed  him, 
from  the  year  1858  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861, 
to  make  a geological  survey  of  that  .State.  In  all,  he  spent 
fifteen  years  on  the  waters  of  Lake  .Superior  and  the  upper 
Mississippi.  All  of  his  work  was  thorough,  and  the  devel- 
opment of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  locations  he  exam- 
ined furnish  the  strongest  proofs  of  his  scientific  ability. 
When  President  I.incoln  was  threatened  with  violence  on 
his  entry  into  Washington,  in  February,  1861,  Mr.  Whittle- 
sey enrolled  himself  a member  of  one  of  the  military  com- 
panies that  tendered  their  services  for  the  occasion.  lie 
urged  the  State  authorities  to  put  Ohio  into  a state  of  mili- 
tary preparation,  and  two  days  after  the  President’s  proc- 
lamation of  April  I5lh,  l85l,  he  joined  the  Governor’s 
staff  as  Assistant  Quartermaster-General.  He  served  as 
State  Military  Engineer,  in  western  Virginia,  with  the  Ohio 
three  months’  troops,  under  the  command  of  Generals 
McClellan,  Cox,  and  Hill.  On  July  17th,  1861,  on  the 
Kanawha,  his  horse  was  wounded  under  him  ; but  on  that 
occasion  he  showed  the  coolness  and  courage  of  his  cadet 
days  when  guarding  the  prisoner  at  West  Point.  At  the 
expiration  of  three  months  he  was  made  Colonel  of  the  20th 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  detailed  by 
General  O.  M.  Mitchel  as  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Ohio.  His  regiment  was  composed  of  men  of 
the  highest  intelligence,  and  was  brought  to  an  exceptional 
state  of  discipline  without  severe  measures.  They  enlisted 
before  there  were  bounties  or  drafts.  As  Chief  Engineer 
he  planned  and  constructed  the  defences  of  Cincinnati,  and 
in  September,  1862,  he  volunteered  to  defend  it  on  the 
approach  of  a hostile  army.  In  the  winter  of  1861  he  was 
placed  in  command  of  Owen,  Grant,  Carroll,  and  Gallatin 
counties,  Kentucky,  which  were  in  danger  of  rebel  out- 
breaks. He  preserved  order  and  at  the  same  time  won  the 
respect  of  both  the  Union  and  rebel  citizens,  as  shown  by 
the  public  expressions  of  regret  when  his  departure  took 
place.  He  was  present  with  his  regiment  at  the  capture  of 
Fort  Donelson,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  surrender  the 
prisoners  were  placed  in  his  charge  by  General  Grant,  with 
orders  to  convey  them  to  St.  Louis.  His  attention  to  the 
unfortunate  men  evoked  from  them  a letter  of  warm  thanks 
for  his  chivalric  courtesy  and  kindness.  On  the  second  day 
70 


of  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  commanded  the  3d  Brigade  of 
General  Wallace's  Division,  composed  of  the  20lh,  56th, 
76th,  and  78th  regiments.  This  brigade  and  its  commander 
received  special  and  honorable  mention  in  the  official 
reports  of  that  battle.  After  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  sent  in 
his  resignation,  which  his  failing  health  and  the  critical 
condition  of  his  wife  required.  General  Grant  indorsed  his 
application  for  resignation  with  these  words:  “We  cannot 
afford  to  lose  so  good  an  officer.”  Very  soon  after  leaving 
the  army  he  made  further  explorations  in  the  Lake  Superior 
and  upper  Missi.ssippi  basins.  To  his  efforts  were  due  the 
organization  and  success  of  the  Western  Reserve  Historical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  President,  and  whose  collections 
of  historic  relics,  geological  specimens,  and  works  relating 
to  the  early  history  of  the  State  are  extensive  and  valuable. 
He  is  quoted  extensively  as  an  authority  in  most  of  the 
standard  geological  and  anthropological  works  of  America 
and  Europe,  especially  as  to  the  Mound  Builders  of  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys.  His  published  works  are 
“Geological  Reports  of  Ohio,”  1838-39;  “ United  States 
Geological  Surveys  of  the  Upper  Mississipiii,”  D.  D.  Owen, 
1847,  1849;  “United  States  Geological  Surveys  of  Upper 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,”  Foster  & Whitney,  1850,  1851; 
“ Life  of  John  Fitch,  Spark’s  American  Biograjihy,”  new 
series,  volume  vi.,  1845;  “Fugitive  Essays,”  mainly  histor- 
ical, 'published  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  8vo.,  pp.  357,  1854;  and 
in  the  “ Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge — Ancient 
Works  of  Ohio,”  1852;  “Fluctuation  of  Lake  Levels,” 
i860;  “Ancient  Mining  on  Lake  Superior,”  1863;  “ P'resh 
Water  Glacial  Drift,”  1866;  “An  Essay  on  the  Mineral 
Resources  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,”  1863;  “The  Early 
History  of  Cleveland,”  in  1866;  and  forty  or  fifty  essays, 
reports,  and  pamphlets,  also  numerous  and  valuable  articles 
in  newspapers  and  scientific  journals.  On  whatever  subject 
he  has  written  he  has  succeeded  in  enlisting  the  attention 
of  the  reader  and  in  giving  him  much  valuable  matter  for 
reflection.  He  is  still  President  of  the  Western  Reserve 
Historical  Society. 


Hughes. 


ONNER,  PHINEAS  SANBORN,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  and  Clinical  Surgery  in  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  was  born  at  West  Ches- 
ter, Pennsylvania,  August  23d,  1839.  His  parents 
having  moved  to  Cincinnati,  he  entered  Ccntial 
High  School  in  1850.  In  1855  he  graduated  at 
In  August  of  the  same  year  he  entered  Dart- 
mouth College.  He  remained  in  Dartmouth  four  years, 
and  graduated  in  1859.  In  1858  he  attended  lectures  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and  in  the  winter  of  i860  at 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia.  In  March,  1861, 
he  graduated  at  the  latter  institution.  On  November  25ih 
of  the  .same  year  he  was  appointed  Acting  Assistant  .Sur- 
geon in  the  United  States  army.  April  l6lh,  1862,  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon.  In  March,  1S66,  he  was 


554 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


bievetled  Captain  and  Major,  and  in  August  of  this  year 
resigned  his  position  in  the  army,  and  located  in  Cincinnati. 
He  was  appointed  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  for  the  sessions  of  1866 
and  1867.  This  position  he  resigned  in  1867,  to  take  that 
of  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
In  1S69  he  was  transferred  to  the  Chair  of  Surgical  Anatomy 
in  the  same  institution,  which  he  held  until  the  regular 
session  of  1875-76,  when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Clinical  Surgeiy.  Dr.  Conner  is  one  of  the 
surgeons  to  the  Good  Samaritan  and  the  Cincinnati  Hospi- 
tals, and  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  Cincinnati  Academy  of 
Medicine,  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History,  Historical 
and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio,  corresponding  member 
of  the  Meigs  and  Mason  County  Medical  Society  and  of  the 
Gynecological  Society,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 


TIOMPSON,  JAMES  HENRV,  was  born  near 
Harrodsburg,  Mercer  county,  Kentucky,  Septem- 
ber 27th,  1812.  He  was  the  third  child  in  a 
family  of  ten  children,  whose  parents  were  John 
B.  Thompson  and  N.incy  P.  (Robards)  Thomp- 
son. His  parents  were  both  Virginians  by  birth, 
and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century  immigrated  to  Ken- 
tucky with  their  parents,  John  Thompson  and  George 
Robbards,  who  settled  at  the  head-waters  of  Shawnee 
Springs,  on  contiguous  farms,  and  both  of  whom  were  ca]3- 
tains  in  the  revolutionary  army.  The  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  followed  through  life  the  profession  of  law, 
and  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  as  a legal  practitioner 
and  as  a local  statesman  in  Kentucky;  he  died  at  an  early 
age  in  1832,  leaving  surviving  him  his  wife,  Nancy  P. 
Thompson,  who  died  in  February,  1870.  James  H. 
Thompson,  on  the  father's  side,  was  of  English  and  Scotch 
blood,  and  on  the  mother’s  side,  of  Welsh  and  Huguenot 
blood.  He  is  the  brother  of  the  late  Hon.  John  B.  Thomp- 
son, United  States  Senator  from  Kentucky,  and  Philip  B. 
Thompson,  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky,  bar.  In  his  seventeenth  year,  being  then  well 
advanced  in  the  classics  and  mathematics,  he  assumed  the 
role  of  educator,  and  engaged  in  teaching  school  in  Jessa- 
mine county,  Kentucky,  which  occupation  engrossed  his 
attention  for  the  ensuing  three  years ; and  through  these 


years  his  leisure  hours  were  devoted  to  the  readiirg  of  law 
and  general  literature;  and  during  the  time  of  his  teaching 
he  educated  O.  Singleton,  member  of  Congress  from  Missis- 
sippi, and  Samuel  11.  Woodson,  late  member  of  Congress 
from  Missouri.  On  the  7th  of  .'\pril,  183 1,  after  passing  suc- 
cessfully through  the  ordeal  of  an  examination,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  and  in  the  same  year  he  became  Sheriff 
of  Jessamine  county,  Kentucky,  by  the  purchase  of  the 
office  from  the  High  Sheriff,  according  to  the  laws  of  the 


State  at  that  time,  and  thus  virtually  becoming  Sheriff,  he 
discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  for  a period  of  two  years. 
In  1833  he  entered  upon  the  active  practice  of  his  profe.s- 
sion  at  Nicholasville,  Jessamine  county,  Kentucky,  and 
was  thus  professionally  engaged  until  1835,  ''''hen  he  was 
induced  to  remove  to  Versailles,  Woodford  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  account  of  the  devastation  of  the  bar  at  the  latter 
place  by  the  cholera.  In  Versailles,  and  in  partnership 
with  the  Hon.  William  B.  Kinkaid,  he  practised  his  profes- 
sion with  great  success  until  September,  1837,  when  he  was 
married  to  Eliza  J.  Trimble,  of  Hillsborough,  Ohio,  the  only 
daughter  of  ex-Governor  Allen  Trimble,  deceased ; and 
after  marriage,  having  occupied  the  winter  of  1837-38  in 
studying  the  Ohio  laws  and  decisions,  he  was  admitted  to 
practise  law  in  Ohio,  at  Batavia,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  A- 
pril  10,  1838,  and  admitted  to  practise  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  on  the  20th  of  January,  1854.  In  the 
latter  part  of  1838  he  settled  in  Cincinnati,  and  opened  a 
law  office  on  Third  street,  where  he  remained  until  1842, 
when,  on  account  of  his  own  health  and  the  health  of  his 
family,  he  removed  to  Hillsborough,  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  has  con- 
tinued the  practice  of  his  profession.  From  this  point  as  a 
centre  he  has  been  engaged  in  a large  circuit  practice  in 
five  surrounding  counties,  also  in  the  Circuit  and  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  Ohio,  and  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State ; in  the  reports  of  this  court  his  name 
and  arguments  appear,  as  coi  n .el  from  1840  to  1876,  as 
many  times,  if  not  more,  as  are  the  number  of  the  volumes 
of  the  reports.  His  greatest  reputation  in  his  profession  has 
been  achieved  as  a land  lawyer  in  the  complex  titles  of  the 
Virginia  Military  District,  and  as  a criminal  lawyer,  in 
which  last  capacity  he  has  been  engaged  chiefly  in  the  de- 
fence of  those  accused  of  crime  from  treason,  including  more 
than  twenty-five  cases  of  homicide,  through  the  whole  cata- 
logue of  criminal  offences.  In  his  time  he  has  appeared 
before  moVe  than  thirty  judges,  of  the  various  courts,  now 
deceased.  He  is  now  Register  in  Bankruptcy  in  his  dis- 
trict, and  has  been  since  1S67,  by  the  unanimous  solicitation 
of  the  bar  of  his  whole  district.  He  is  still  actively  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  jirofession.  In  politics  an  old-line 
Whig,  in  1840  he  ardently  supported  General  Harrison.  In 
1S44  he  took  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  favor  of  Mr. 
Clay,  su|iported  General  Taylor,  and  in  the  last  Whig  Con- 
vention at  Baltimore,  as  a Delegate,  urged  the  nomin.ation 
of  General  Scott.  After  the  dissolution  of  the  Whig  parly, 
he  sustained  Bell  and  Everett ; then,  after  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  he  threw  his  influence  to  the  Republican 
party,  and  throughout  the  war  took  an  active  part  as  one  of 
the  military  committeemen  of  hi's  State,  in  helping  to  sustain 
the  Union  army.  Since  the  war  he  has  acted  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  h.as  been  and  still  is  a zealous  supporter 
of  President  Grant.'  He  h.as  taken  an  active  and  liberal  part 
in  all  public  improvements  tending  to  enhance  the  interests 
of  his  county  and  town,  and  has  contributed  liberally  16 


EIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 


555 


every  public  edifice  in  Ilillsborougli.  Mr.  Thompson  and 
his  family  are,  in  llieir  religious  faith,  adherents  to  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chinch,  of  which  c'liurch 
his  son,  the  late  Allen  T.  Thompson,  was  a distinguished 
minister.  Mr.  Thompson,  after  an  experience  of  forty-four 
years,  is  now  relaxing  himself  from  the  pursuit  of  his  pro- 
fessional duties  for  a time,  and  proposes  to  offer  in  a year, 
as  a tribute  to  his  profession,  a volume  to  be  entitled,  “ The 
Circuit  Lawyer  of  the  United  States  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury.” The  materials  for  this  work  are  at  hand,  and  are 
now  in  rapid  combination  and  preparation  for  the  press. 


- 

ILSON,  REV.  WILLIAM,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Cler- 
gyman, was  born,  December  25th,  1803,  in 
I'  indrum,  parish  of  Raphoe,  county  of  Donegal, 
Ireland,  and  was  a son  of  John  and  Lillie  Ann 
Wilson.  The  family  emigrated  to  the  Lbiited 
States  in  1823,  taking  up  their  residence  in  New 
York  city,  and  became  attendants  of  the  Reformed  Presby- 
terian Church,  during  the  pastorates  of  Reverend  Drs. 
Alexander  and  John  N.  McLeod,  having  already  been 
members  of  that  communion  for  many  previous  years. 
AVilliam  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  some  of  the  best  classi- 
cal schools,  and  he  gained  the  front  rank  in  scholarship. 
He  then  entered  Union  College,  and  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  the  class  of  1827.  Being  early  designed  for 
the  ministry,  he  prepared  to  enter  the  Theological  Seminary 
of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  and  accordingly 
joined  the  class  of  1827-28,  in  that  institution  in  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  was  favored  with  the  instructions  of  that 
eminent  scholar  and  divine,  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  B. 
Wylie,  who  was  also  distinguished  for  his  varied  learning 
and  erudition,  and  who  filled  for  so  many  years  the  Chair, 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  occupied  also  the  office  of  Vice-Provost  in  that  ancient 
institution.  On  June  16th,  1831,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Presbytery  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
being  subsequently  ordained  to  the  ministry,  he  travelled  for 
some  time  as  a domestic  missionary.  In  1833  he  accepted 
a call  from  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  at  Milton, 
Pennsylvania,  to  which  place  he  removed,  and  remained 
there  until  the  summer  of  1837.  He  labored  there  abun- 
dantly, and  in  addition  to  the  duties  of  his  pastorate,  taught 
the  Milton  Academy  with  success,  and  also  edited  the 
American  Christian  Instructor,  a monthly  periodical,  to 
which  he  was  an  extensive  contributor.  He  resigned  his 
charge  at  Milton,  and  returned  to  New  York  city,  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a literary  institution  of  high  order 
on  Staten  Island.  In  1838  he  received  from  the  Legisla- 
ture a charter  for  and  established  the  Richmond  College. 
By  his  own  exertions  a fund  of  840,000  was  subscribed,  and 
a site  for  the  buildings  decided  upon.  The  financial  calam- 
ities of  those  days  finally  caused  the  failure  of  his  plans.  I 


He  then  removed  with  his  family  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  there  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  George  street, 
and  subsequently  took  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  Cove- 
nanters, in  which  he  remained  until  his  death.  In  1853  he 
received  the  honoiary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from 
Franklin  College,  Ohio;  and  subsequently  that  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  from  another  institution.  He  was  a member  of  the 
Evangelical  Alliance  from  its  origin,  and  went  to  the  city 
of  London  to  aid  in  its  organization.  He  attended  the 
first  meeting  held  there,  and  made  one  of  the  most  able 
speeches  delivered  on  the  floor.  He  was  a naturalized  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  and  when  the  civil  war  broke  out 
was  a firm  supporter  of  the  cause  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  wrote  and  spoke  for  the  government  under  President 
Lincoln.  He  was  a personal  friend  of  the  latter,  and  often 
visited  him  in  Washington  city  during  the  four  years’  war. 
He  was  well  informed  on  political  matters.  On  one  occa- 
sion Mr.  Lincoln  inquired  if  he  could  not  give  him  some 
office,  to  which  Dr.  Wilson  replied  that  he  already  held  the 
highest  office  on  earth — that  of  the  Christian  ministry ; but, 
on  November  17th,  1S63,  the  President  made  out  and  signed 
a commission  for  him  as  Chaplain  in  the  army  of  the  re- 
public. At  the  close  of  the  war  Dr.  Wilson  remained 
mostly  at  home,  entirely  occupied  with  his  ministerial  duties. 
He  possessed  a mind  of  unusual  power,  and  stored  with 
learning.  He  was  stern  and  resolute,  and  could  with  diffi- 
culty brook  opposition  to  his  plans.  In  the  pulpit  his  ear- 
nestness and  sternness  sometimes  approached  the  boisterous. 
He  w'rote  much,  and  made  many  contributions  to  various 
church  and  literary  journals.  Among  his  works  may  be 
named  the  following : ” The  Blessedness  of  the  Nation 
whose  God  is  the  Lord  ; ” “ Ministerial  Heroism  ; ” “ The 
Man  for  the  Hour;”  “The  Cause  of  the  United  .States;” 
“ The  Curse  of  Meroz;  ” “A  Nation  Nonplussed  ; ” “ The 
Day  of  .Small  Things;”  “Democracy  versus  Doulo- 
cracy.”  He  was  also  a contributor  to  Ike  Presbyterian 
Witness.  During  the  winter  of  1872  he  fell  and  w'as  se- 
riously injured ; .from  this  he  never  fully  recovered.  He 
died  December  9th,  1873,  as  only  a Christian  can  do,  being 
assured  that  he  would  be  more  than  a conqueror.  He  was 
married  in  1853  to  Anne  Campbell,  who  survives  him  with 
their  only  child. 


|ERRY,  ARCHIBALD,  w.as  born  in  Strafford 
county.  New  Hampshire,  his  ancestors.  Berry  and 
Drake,  from  England,  being  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  colony.  His  early  education  was 
obtained  in  the  best  schools  wdlhin  reach,  and  from 
these  he  entered  D.irtmouth  College.  In  conse 
quence  of  ill  health  he  left  college  in  his  so]ihomore  year 
intending  to  spend  a year  West  and  .South,  and  then  to  rc 
turn.  But  he  relinqidshed  the  idea  of  returning  to  college 
and  studied  dentistry  under  an  able  preceptor  at  Quincy 


556 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


Illinois,  after  which  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Hinds  county,  Mississippi.  Having  attended 
lectures  at  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  he  was 
graduated  at  that  institution  in  1846.  A short  time  subse- 
quent to  his  graduation,  Dr.  Berry  and  Amelia  Looker, 
daughter  of  the  late  J.  H.  Looker,  of  Cincinnati,  were  mar- 
ried. Resolving  to  make  Cincinnati  his  home,  he  shortly 
after  purchased  the  good-will  and  office  of  Dr.  P.  Knowlton, 
and  associated  with  him  the  late  W.  B.  Ross,  D.  D.  S.,  of 
Newport,  Kentucky,  and  continued  in  the  old  office  two 
years.  Dr.  Berry  then  yielding  to  the  fascination  of  the 
South,  returned  there,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Mississippi,  where  he  was  engaged  until  1853, 
when  he  returned  North.  After  recruiting  his  health  by  a 
sojourn  in  the  region  of  Lake  Superior,  he  .spent  six  months 
in  practice  in  Covington,  Kentucky,  and  then  opened  an 
office  in  Cincinnati.  As  before,  at  urgent  requests  from 
his  friends  and  patients  in  Mississippi,  he  revisited  them  in 
the  fall  of  1854,  and  remained  there  in  good  practice  until 
the  war  came  on.  Now'came  trouble  on  account  of  loyalty 
to  the  Union,  but  he  was  kindly  succored,  when  in  immi- 
nent danger,  by  the  citizens  of  the  town  of  Raymond,  where 
he  resided,  the  Home  Guard  of  which  proffered  to  him  pro- 
tection, which  was  afterward  promptly  given,  and  kept  him 
from  passing  to  the  spiritual  world,  when  apparently  on  its 
threshold.  But  he  attributes  his  survival  of  the  peril 
mainly  to  his  being  a member  of  a fraternity  whose  princi- 
])les  inculcate  doing  right  without  hope  of  fee  or  reward. 
In  1S63  Dr,  Berry  found  his  way  to  Cincinnati,  and  again 
bought  the  office  and  good-will  of  Dr.  Knowlton,  and  has 
remained  there  in  practice  to  the  present  time.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Dental  Asso- 
ciation, the  oldest  dental  society  on  the  earth,  and  has 
zealously  continued  in  his  efforts  to  advance  the  interests  of 
his  profession,  through  the  instrumentalities  of  associated 
influence,  the  press,  and  educational  institutions, 


t'lBOLL,  ALONZO  COLLINS,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
December  3d,  1S22,  in  Columbia  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  is  the  third  of  eleven  children  of 

Virgil  Miller  Diboll  and  Philena  Collins.  His 

0.’’  V o ^ 

b father  was  a native  of  Rensselaer  county.  New 

^ York,  a physician  and  surgeon,  who  moved  to 

Ohio  in  1834,  locating  in  Brown  county.  Dr.  Diboll  went 
to  Hamilton  county,  Indiana,  in  1843,  and  returned  to  Ohio 
in  1852,  settling  in  Adams  county.  In  1859  he  took  up  his 
residence  in  Wilmington,  Clinton  county,  where  he  died  in 
1870.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a na- 
tive of  Connecticut  and  a daughter  of  I.ewis  Collins.  She 
died  in  Adams  county  in  1856.  Alonzo  Collins  was  favored 
with  a home  training,  which  fitted  him  for  the  active  respon- 
sibilities of  life.  He  attended  school  in  winter  and  busied 


himself  on  the  farm  in  summer.  In  the  meantime  he  turned 
his  spare  hours  to  profit,  reading  books  of  a solid  character, 
and  improving  his  mind  with  whatever  good  reading  came 
in  his  way.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  was  sufficiently 
advanced  to  take  charge  of  a school  in  Brown  county,  Ohio. 
For  the  next  five  years  he  taught  and  attended  school,  fitting 
himself  to  make  a profession  of  teaching.  He  subsequently 
determined  to  adopt  the  law  as  his  profession.  Continuing 
to  teach,  he  devoted  his  leisure  to  reading  law.  In  1852  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  West  Union,  Adams  county, 
Ohio.  He  remained  at  West  Union  until  1854,  when  he 
removed  to  Wilmington,  Clinton  county, \vhere  he  has  since 
resided.  The  energy  and  perseverance  which  enabled  Mr. 
Diboll  to  acquire  his  profession  have  made  it  possible  for 
him  to  acquire  a paying  practice.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Wilmington,  being  re-elected  for  the  following 
term.  In  1874  he  was  prevailed  upon  once  more  to  accept 
the  Mayoralty.  For  two  years  he  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Clinton  county.  Mr.  Diboll  is  a Republican.  P'or  fif- 
teen years  he  has  been  a member  of  the  Christian  Church. 
In  1845  he  married  Rachel  Young,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Young,  a Scotch  Presbyterian  and  native  of  the  north  of 
Ireland,  and  an  early  pioneer  of  Brown  county. 


p-llUDKINS,  JESSE  PARKER,  M.  D.,  an  eminent 
' « Surgeon,  was  born  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jefferson 

^11  county,  Ohio,  in  1815.  He  was  a half-brother  of 

the  late  Dr.  William  Judkins,  and  was  descended 
from  a Quaker  family,  whose  names  have  been 
identified  with  medicine  for  more  than  a century. 
His  school  and  collegiate  education  was  obtained  at  Can- 
lonsburg  and  Steubenville,  Ohio,  and  his  medical  education 
in  the  Ohio  Medical  College  at  Cincinnati,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1838.  In  the  following  year  he  accepted, 
from  that  institution,  an  appointment  as  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  at  the  same  time  opening  his  office  in  Cincinnati 
for  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1847  6e  went  to 
Columbus  to  become  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  Starling 
Medical  College,  which  position  he  filled  until  1852,  when 
he  accepted  the  Professorship  of  Descriptive  Surgery  in 
Miami  Medical  College,  and  returned  to  Cincinnati.  He  was 
.-.-Ue  .-tioTifTPrl  fn  the  denartment  of  Special  Patholony, 


but  his  connection  with  that  institution  remained  intact  until 
his  death,  over  fifteen  years.  In  1853  he  visited  Euiope 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  his  attention  to  the  study  of  suigety 
among  the  great  lights  of  the  old  world,  and  passed  some 
time  in  all  the  famous  European  hospitals.  In  1864  the  loss 
of  his  elder  brother,  Robert,  preyed  so  strongly  on  his  mind 
that  his  health  was  seriously  affected.  From  this  shock  he 
never  seemed  to  recover,  and  was  consequently  never  so 
active  in  his  professional  duties.  He  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful, acquired  a considerable  fortune  from  an  extraordi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


557 


narily  large  practice,  and  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  his 
profession.  On  December  6th,  1S67,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
three,  he  died  of  softening  of  the  brain. 


^ MITII,  HON.  HENRY  W.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on 
April  6th,  1814,  in  the  town  of  Whitestown, 
Oneida  county.  New  York.  His  ancestors  were 
from  Great  Britain,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts 
and  Connecticut  in  the  early  days  of  our  colonial 
history.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  s.hools 
principally,  although  he  attended  the  academy  at  Champion 
and  the  Rensselaer  Oswego  Academy  in  New  York.  When 
he  was  three  years  old  his  father,  who  was  a farmer,  moved 
to  Jefferson  county,  in  the  State  of  New  York.  Henry  was 
raised  on  a farm,  working  summers  and  going  to  the  com- 
mon schools  in  the  winters.  His  leisure  time  w'as  spent  in 
study  and  reading  while  on  the  farm.  In  May,  1838,  he 
emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  stopped  at  Circleville.  In  June 
following  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  H.  N. 
Hedges,  Esq.,  with  whom  he  remained  about  one  year. 
He  completed  his  study  of  law  wdth  G.  Y.'.  Doan,  Esq. 
In  June,  1840,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  at  Delaware,  Ohio.  Shortly  afterw'ards  he  settled  in 
London,  in  Madison  county,  Ohio,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  the  fall 
of  1840,  in  1842  and  in  1844,  thus  holding  the  office  for  six 
consecutive  years,  the  last  term  expiring  in  1846.  In  1858 
he  was  appointed  to  fill  a vacancy  in  the  same  office,  by  the 
court;  in  the  fall  of  i860  he  was  again  elected  thereto  for 
two  years,  and  yet  again  in  1864.  The  duties  were  per- 
formed by  him  during  all  that  time  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
court  and  the  people.  His  business  in  his  profession  has 
been  extensive  and  lucrative;  he  has  acquired  a compe- 
tence and  has  raised  a large  family.  He  commenced  poor, 
without  money  or  friend,?,  but  he  soon  acquired  both.  In 
his  politics  Mr.  .Smith  belonged  to  the  old  Whig  jrarty  as 
long  as  it  lasted,  and  in  1856  he  became  a member  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  has  always  remained  a consistent 
and  active  member  of  that  parly  to  the  present  lime.  In 
the  fall  of  1848  he  w'as  elected  a member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  for  the 
counties  of  Madison,  Clarke  and  Champaign,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1849.  Luring  his  legislative  service,  in  the 
winters  of  1848-49  and  in  1849-50,  he  was  an  active  and 
useful  member,  and  originated  and  carried  through  a great 
reform  in  the  law  of  evidence.  Prior  to  that  time,  by  the 
law  of  evidence,  neither  parties  in  an  action  at  law,  nor 
any  person,  having  any  pecuniary  interest,  in  the  event  of  a 
suit,  could  be  witnesses.  The  law  seemed  to  be  based  on 
the  theory',  that  a witness  who  had  a pecuniary  interest, 
large  or  small,  in  the  event  of  a suit,  would  be  tempted  to, 
and  often  would,  commit  perjury,  and  hence  parties  to  a 


suit  could  not  testify,  nor  any  person  having  a pecuniary  in- 
terest, in  the  event  of  a suit  at  law.  Mr.  .Smith,  early  in 
the  session  of  1848-49,  introduced  a bill  “ To  improve  the 
law  of  evidence,”  providing  that  parties  to  actions  at  law 
might  call  each  other  as  witnesses,  and  that  a pecuniary  in- 
terest, in  the  event  of  a suit,  should  not  disqualify  a person 
from  being  a witness.  The  bill,  after  its  second  reading, 
was  referred  to  Mr.  Smith  and  the  Hon.  George  E.  Pugh  as 
a select  committee.  On  the  21st  of  February,  1849, 
Smith  of  said  committee  made  an  elaborate  report  on  the 
bill,  which  was  ordered  to  be  printed.  The  report  can  be 
found  in  the  “Appendix  to  the  House  Journal,”  session  of 
1848-49,  page  185.  This  proposed  reform  was  so  bold  and 
radical,  in  striking  down  rules  venerable  for  their  antiquity, 
that  many  members  hesitated,  although  the  report  in  fav'or 
of  said  measure  was  unanswerable  and  absolutely  con- 
vincing. P'inally  it  was  proposed,  in  order  to  give  the  bar 
time  for  reflection  and  consideration,  to  postpone  the 
measure  till  the  next  session,  which  was  done.  During 
the  next  session,  1849-50,  the  measure  was  passed  into  a 
law  with  remarkable  unanimity  (vide  vol.  xlviii.,  page  33, 
session  laws  of  1849-50).  This  was  a great  advance  in 
law  reform.  This  remained  to  be  the  law  till  the  adoption 
of  the  Code  in  Ohio,  when  the  same  principle  was  carried 
into  the  Code,  extended  a little  on  one  point  by  allowing 
partfes  to  volunteer  as  witnesses.  In  the  session  of  1848-49 
Mr.  Smith  introduced  a bill  to  amend  the  law  of  descents, 
by  providing  that  husband  and  wife,  in  default  of  children, 
should  be  heirs  to  each  other.  Prior  to  that  time,  and  for 
a short  time  after,  the  act  regulating  descents  postponed  the 
heirship  of  husband  and  wife  to  the  last  degree  before 
property  escheated  to  the  State.  The  bill  was  referred  to 
Mr.  Smith  as  a select  committee,  and  on  the  24th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1849,  he  made  an  exhaustive  report  thereon,  which 
was  ordered  to  be  printed.  The  report  is  in  the  “Appendix 
to  the  House  Journal”  for  1848-49,  page  198.  This  bill 
did  not  then  pass;  and,  as  it  proposed  such  a radical  change 
in  the  rules  of  descent,  a great  many  of  the  members  were 
afraid  to  support  it,  not  because  it  was  not  reasonable  and 
equitable,  but  because  it  was  a great  innovation  ; the  seeds 
were  sown,  however,  and  produced  fruit  in  due  time.  In 
the  session  of  1851-52  the  principle  was  adopted,  and  ever 
since  that  time  husband  and  wife,  in  default  of  children, 
have  been  heirs  to  each  other.  At  the  same  session  he  in- 
troduced a bill  to  punish  the  stealing  of  a will,  after  the 
death  of  the  testator,  or  a testamentary  paper  before  his 
death.  The  bill  was  enacted  into  a law,  February  23d, 
1849  (vide  S.  and  C.  “ Statutes,”  vol.  ii.,  page  1632).  Thus 
a great  omission  in  our  criminal  law  was  supplied  in  the 
State.  In  the  fall  of  1853  Mr.  Smith  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Ohio  from  the  district  composed  of  Madison, 
Clarke  and  Champaign  counties.  He  made  a useful  and 
active  member,  and  assisted  in  enacting  a great  deal  of 
useful  legislation,  including  the  Liquor  law,  the  Ten  Per 
Cent,  law,  the  Fee  bill,  etc.,  etc.,  and  aided  in  reforming 


55S 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


abuses  and  in  reducing  taxation.  He  discovered,  at  the 
end  of  his  term  in  the  Senate,  in  the  spring  of  1S54,  that  he 
could  not  live  very  high  and  support  his  family  by  going  to 
the  Legislature  (as  many  more  have  before  and  since  dis- 
covered), and  he  determined  to  abstain  therefrom  in  the 
future  and  to  devote  his  time  exclusively  to  his  profession. 
This  determination  he  rigidly  adhered  to  until  1864,  when 
he  was  nominated  and  elected  a Presidential  Elector  by  the 
Republicans,  when  the  Hon.  A.  Lincoln  was  a candidate 
for  re-election  to  the  Presidency.  He  met  the  Electoral 
College  of  Ohio  at  the  capital  of  the  State  in  December, 
1864,  and  voted  for  Mr.  Lincoln  for  President  and  Andrew 
Johnson  for  Vice-President  of  the  United  States.  In  the 
spring  of  1865  he  aided  in  estaldishing  the  Madison 
National  Bank,  of  London,  Ohio,  an'?l  he  was  elected  Presi- 
dent thereof,  so  continuing  for  two  and  one-half  years, 
when  he  sold  his  stock  and  invested  the  proceeds  in  land. 
In  1870  he  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  by 
President  Grant,  and  confirmed  liy  tlie  .Senate  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  .Seventh  Collection  District  of  Ohio,  and  he 
held  tlie  office  for  nearly  three  years,  when,  the  taxes 
liaving  all  been  taken  off  by  Congress  except  upon  whis- 
key, beer  and  tobacco,  the  assessors  of  internal  revenue 
were  aliolished  liy  a law  of  Congress.  During  his  term  as 
Assessor  nearly  $2,000,000  internal  revenue  was  raised  in 
the  district,  comprising  the  counties  of  P'ranklin,  Madison, 
Green  and  Clarke.  He  administered  the  office  prudently 
and  lionestly,  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  government  and 
the  people.  Mr.  Smith  is  still  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law.  He  supported  the  war  of  1861  strenuously,  but  did 
not  go  into  the  service,  as  he  was  over  the  military  age 
when  the  war  commenced.  He  did,  however,  go  into  the 
service  for  ten  d.ays,  at  Camp  Chase,  during  the  Morgan 
raid,  as  Captain  of  a company.  He  was  married  in  June, 
1844,  to  an  estimable  lady,  Jcnnette  .Smith,  in  Whitestown, 
Oneida  county.  New  York.  She  is  a descendant  of  the 
celebrated  Otis  family,  of  revolutionary  memory,  in  Massa- 
chusetts. .She  has  been  a model  wife  and  an  ornament  of 
her  sex.  Mr.  Smith  is  still  hale  and  vigorous,  and  stands  a 
fair  chance  to  live  beyond  the  allotted  age  of  man. 


w 


cKINNEY,  HON.  JOHN  F.,  Lawyer,  w.as  born, 
April  1 2th,  1827,  on  a farm  two  miles  north  of 
Piqua,  Miami  county.  His  jrarents  were  natives 
of  Pennsylvania;  his  father  had  removed  to  Ohio 
towards  the  tlose  of  the  last  century,  and  his 
mother  a few  years  later;  they  were  married  in 
iSoS,  and  resided  on  the  farm  where  their  children  were 
born.  His  father  died  when  he  was  seven  years  old,  but 
he  resided  on  the  farm  until  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  re- 
ceived his  preparatory  education  at  the  Piqua  Academy, 
which  he  attended  for  three  years,  and  subsequently  passed 
a year  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  at  Delaware.  He 


afterwards  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  his  brother,  S. 
S.  McKinney,  of  Piqua,  wliose  biograiiliical  sketch  appears 
in  this  volume,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  and 
immediately  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in 
partnership  with  his  brother,  which  has  continued  ever 
since,  the  firm  enjoying  the  largest  practice  in  the  county, 
and  is  a highly  lucrative  one.  In  political  views  he  has 
always  been  a Democrat,  and  has  been  that  party’s  stand- 
ard-bearer on  several  occasions.  In  1862  he  was  nominated 
and  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Fourth  Ohio  District,  and 
served  two  years.  In  1870  he  was  again  elected  to  Con- 
gress from  the  same  district,  and  also  served  two  years. 
In  1864  and  1866  he  was  a candidate  for  the  same  position, 
but  was  defeated,  the  opposing  party  being  in  the  majority. 
In  fact  the  district  has  always  been  Republican,  and  each  time, 
when  lie  was  elected,  the  Republican  State  ticket  was  also 
successful  in  his  district,  thus  demonstrating  his  great  popu- 
larity. He  has  been  President  of  the  Piqua  School  Board. 
In  1S72  he  was  a delegate  to  the  Democratic  N.ation.al 
Convention,  which  ratified  the  nomination  of  Horace 
Greeley,  and  was  a member  of  the  Committee  on  Resolu- 
tions, representing  his  State.  He  was  President  of  the 
Piqua  Hydraulic  Company  while  it  was  a private  enter- 
prise; it  now  belongs  to  the  city.  He  was  also  President 
of  the  Western  Ohio  Park  and  Driving  Association.  He 
was  married,  1853,  to  Louise  Wood,  of  Piqua,  and  has 
three  children  living,  two  daughters  and  one  son. 


ORROW,  HON.  JEREMIAH,  Statesman,  was 
born,  1770,  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1795  he  re- 
moved to  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1802 
was  elected  a delegate  to  the  convention  for 
forming  the  State  Constitution  of  Ohio.  He  was 
the  first  representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  and  then  served  as  United  States  .Senator  from  1813 
to  1819.  He  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State,  and  held 
that  office  from  1S22  to  1826.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed Canal  Commissioner,  and  in  1840  again  chosen  to 
represent  his  district  in  Congress,  serving  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  died  in  Ohio,  March  22d,  1852. 


HITTLESEY,  HON.  ELISHA,  Lawyer  and 
Statesman,  was  born  in  Connecticut,  but  in  his 
early  manhood  removed  to  Ohio.  In  the  war 
of  1812  he  served  as  an  Aide-de-camp  to  General 
Wadsworth.  He  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
sixteen  years,  and  was  a member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture in  1820  and  1821.  He  served  seven  terms  as  a repre- 
sentative in  Congress.  He  was  appointed  in  1841,  by  Presi- 
dent Harrison,  an  Auditor  of  the  Post-office  Department, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN’CYCLOP.EDIA. 


559 


and  also  tlie  Firet  Comptroller  of  the  Treasur)',  which  posi- 
tion he  relinquished  in  1857,  but  was  reappointed  by 
President  Lincoln  in  1861.  His  whole  public  career  was 
marked  by  an  unswerving  integrity  and  untiring  devotion  to 
duty.  He  died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  Janu- 
ary 7th,  1863,  in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age. 


|)OCKE,  PROFESSOR  JOHN,  Author,  Inventor, 
Teacher,  Physician,  etc.,  was  born,  February' 
19th,  1792,  in  one  of  the  New  England  States, 
mo.st  probably  New  Hampshire.  His  father, 
Samuel  Barron  Locke,  was  a millwright  of  such 
skill  that  his  services  were  in  great  demand,  and 
he  resided  successively  in  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and 
M.iine.  In  1796  he  removed  permanently  to  Bethel,  in  the 
latter  State,  where  he  erected  buildings  still  k-nown  as 
“ Locke’s  Mills.”  His  mechanical  taste  and  ingenuity  were 
manifested  at  an  early  age,  as  well  as  his  love  for  books. 
Botany  became  a favorite  study.  About  l8lo  he  entered 
an  academy  at  Bridgeport  to  study  languages.  About  1816 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine  and  chemistry.  Though  he 
had  never  seen  a chemist,  nor  a piece  of  chemical  appar- 
atus, his  inventive  genius  led  him  to  construct  his  own 
instruments.  But  a few  years  previous  the  experiments  of 
Galvani  and  Volta  had  become  known,  and  he  could  not 
rest  satisfied  until  he  had  tested  these.  Chiselling  out  a 
mould  in  a .soft  brick-bat,  he  cast  a set  of  dishes  of  zinc, 
about  the  size  of  a silver  dollar.  Twenty  of  these,  with  as 
many  silver  dollars,  were  constructed  into  a “ pile ; ” the 
dollars  being  used  for  the  negative  element,  and  cloths  wet 
in  brine  for  the  imperfect  conductor.  The  experiment  was 
a partial  success.  Thus  began  his  acquaintance  with  a sub- 
ject which  in  after  years  was  to  engage  .so  much  of  his 
attention.  Some  of  these  zinc  plates  are  still  in  existence. 
He  found  it  impossible  to  confine  himself  strictly  to  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  he  spent  much  time  in  the  pursuit 
of  general  physics.  Turning  his  steps  in  the  direction  of 
New  Haven,  he  here  found  all  that  he  could  desire  in  the 
])ursuit  of  knowledge,  .\fter  a few  years  spent  profitably, 
and  for  the  most  part  in  the  study  of  botany,  he  went  to 
Keene,  New  Hampshire,  as  a teacher  of  botany.  He  also 
procured  plants  for  the  botanical  gardens  at  Cambridge,  and 
enjoyed  the  counsel  and  instruction  of  I'rofessor  Bigelow, 
of  Boston.  In  1818  he  delivered  his  first  public  lectures 
Portland,  Maine.  Turning  his  ey'es  longingly  to  the 
Pacific  slope,  he  obtained  an  appointment  as  Assistant  Sur- 
geon in  the  navy.  But  he  was  disappointed  in  his  object 
and  withdrew  from  the  service,  returning  to  New  Hav'en. 
He  resumed  his  medical  studies,  and  received  his  degree. 
In  1819  he  completed  a treatise  on  botany,  for  which  he 
made  his  own  engravings.  Thus  far  he  had  received  no 
pecuniary  or  other  encouragement  from  his  father,  and  had 
not  received  a dollar  of  patronage  or  support  except  that 


created  by  his  own  exertions.  Nearly  sixty  years  ago  he 
called  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  river  maple,  com- 
pared with  the  sugar  maple,  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar, 
and  as  a shade  tree.  After  having  graduated  he  tried  to 
establish  himself  as  a physician,  but  failed,  not  from  want 
of  patronage,  but  because  patients  were  more  ready  to  be 
treated  than  to  pay.  He  went  to  Windsor,  Vermont,  as  a 
teacher  in  a female  academy.  The  principal  of  this  school 
had  conceived  the  idea  of  establishing  a like  institution  in 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  the  young  doctor  consented  to 
accompany  him.  This  arrangement  was  not  carried  out, 
and  he  proceeded  West  alone,  arriving  at  Lexington  in 
June,  1821.  In  this  field  his  success  was  such  that  he  ever 
alterwards  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  young  lady 
pupils  and  their  kinsfolk.  In  1822  he  came  to  Cincinnati 
on  horseback.  He  received  a rather  cold  reception,  from 
no  particular  reason  except  the  natural  conservatism  of  the 
townspeople,  and  was  on  the  point  of  abandoning  his  pro- 
ject, when  he  found  a friend  in  Ethan  Stone,  and  friends 
among  the  best  society  thereafter  became  numerous.  “ Dr. 
Locke’s  School”  soon  acquired  a high  reputation.  He 
was  opposed  to  sectarian  schools,  but  nevertheless  believed 
in  general  religious  instruction  and  the  cultivation  of  the 
social  virtues.  His  method  of  instruction  was  conversa- 
tional, and  calculated  to  interest  the  pupil  and  remove 
timidity.  He  was  among  the  earliest  instructors  in  the 
Mechanics’  Institute.  Passing  over  several  years,  during 
which  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  the  future  mothers  of 
Cincinnati  and  pursuing  scientific  investigation,  the  year 
1835  is  reached,  at  which  period  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio.  He  entered 
upon  his  new  duties  with  zeal.  He  vivfted  Europe  and 
purchased  apparatus.  On  his  return  he  found  the  college 
divided  against  itself,  and  a liberal  inducement  was  made 
him  to  join  a school  in  a neighboring  State.  He  refused, 
and  gradually  dissension  ceased  and  matters  became  tran- 
quil. He  had  a large  acquaintance  with  the  geology  of  the 
United  States,  and  while  engaged  in  making  a geological 
survey  of  Ohio,  under  the  patronage  of  the  State,  he 
discovered  one  of  the  largest  trilobites  known.  In  1837  lie 
made  a journey  to  Europe  on  purposes  connected  with 
scientific  investigation.  He  contributed  to  science  many 
valuable  inventions.  All  of  them  are  now  familiar  to  the 
scientific  world.  The  most  important  of  these  was  the 
“Electro-Chronograph,”  or  “Magnetic  Clock.”  Official 
notice  of  this  invention  was  made  to  the  authorities  at 
Washington,  in  June,  1849.  After  the  observations  of  Dr. 
Locke  in  magnetism  had  been  published,  the  English  gov- 
ernment forwarded  and  presented  to  him  a full  set  of  mag- 
netical  instruments,  in  appreciation  of  his  labors.  He 
found  time  for  the  study  of  astronomy,  and  if  not  as 'famous 
as  .some  students  of  this  science,  his  knowledge  was  as 
great.  He  occasionally  wrote  poetry,  and  if  his  verse  is 
not  famous  and  oft  quoted,  it  was  inspired  in  one  who  wor- 
shipped Nature.  His  warm  admirer  and  memorialist,  Dr. 


56o 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


M.  B.  Wright,  of  Cincinnati,  says  of  him:  “lie  did  not 
carry  his  taper  that  he  might  be  seen  here  and  there  of 
men  ; but  in  the  solitude  of  his  laboratory  he  kindled  the 
fires  of  his  genius,  and  sent  out  rays  as  from  a grand 
mirror,  that  the  whole  world  might  be  illuminated. 

He  had  the  inspiration  and  language  of  a true  poet;  he 
understood  music  as  a science;  he  could  sketch  the  land- 
scape with  the  accuracy  of  a practised  artist ; he  was  a 
mechanic,  a mathematician,  an  astronomer,  a chemist,  a 
philosopher,  a logician,  a physician.  He  had  studied  all 
things  upon  the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  penetrated  into  its 
hidden  depths,  and  formed  an  intimate,  every-day  acquaint- 
ance with  the  beauty  and  glory  that  surround  it.”  He  was 
a religious  man,  but  not  ostentatiously  so.  He  never 
attached  himself  to  any  church,  but  shortly  before  death 
had  decided  upon  joining  the  Episcopal  Church.  In  nature 
he  saw  the  Revelation,  and  worshipped  it.  During  the 
winter  of  1849-50  the  medical  college  was  dragged  into 
the  arena  of  political  warfare,  and  he  lost  his  professorship. 
P'rom  that  day  he  was  never  the  same  man,  and  dissolution 
slowly  proceeded.  He  was  urged  by  Dr.  Wright  to  again 
acce[)t  the  position  and  consented.  In  1854,  w’hile  in  poor 
health,  he  accepted  the  position  of  Principal  in  the  academy 
at  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  October,  1855,  he  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati a much  changed  man — thin,  haggard,  tremulous. 
While  in  this  condition  he  went  to  Virginia  to  examine  coal 
lands,  and  returned  with  his  infirmities  aggravated.  Numer- 
ous symptoms  tending  to  paralysis  manifested  themselves 
alarmingly.  Memory  and  vision  grew  dim,  and  a paralytic 
condition  set  in.  After  being  unconscious  five  days,  he 
died  July  loth,  1856. 


• EDARY,  HON.  SAMUEL,  Editor  and  Politician, 
was  born,  1801,  in  Ohio.  His  early  advantages 
of  education  were  very  limited.  Soon  after  arriv- 
ing at  man’s  estate  he  joined  the  Jackson  party, 
and  remained  a faithful  adherent  to  General 
Jackson  throughout  his  entire  public  career.  He 
early  became  connected  with  the  newspaper  press,  and  was 
for  many  years  editor  of  the  Ohio  Statesman,  and  his  editor- 
ials, although  lacking  in  polish,  were  full  of  vigor.  He 
was  for  a long  time  one  of  the  leading  men  in  his  party  in 
Ohio.  Although  he  was  a warm  personal  friend  of  the  late 
.Stephen  A.  Douglas,  he  separated  from  him  when  the  latter 
opposed  Buchanan.  During  President  Buchanan’s  admin- 
istration he  was  appointed,  and  served  for  some  time,  as 
Governor  of  the  then  Territory  of  Kansas.  During  the  war 
of  the  rebellion  he  was  a “peace  Democrat,”  though  his 
son  was  in  the  war,  and  of  whose  career  he  was  very  proud. 
His  death  was  attributed  to  the  remains  of  the  poison  in- 
fused into  his  system  at  the  National  Hotel,  in  Washington, 
in  March,  1857.  He  died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  November 
7th,  1864. 


ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 

EEMELIN,  CHARLES  GUSTAV,  Lawyer  and 
Author,  was  born  at  Heilbronn,  Wurtemberg, 
Germany,  May  19th,  1814,  and  grew  up  amidst 
the  stiil  subsisting  bitterness  of  the  townspeople 
against  the  despotic  transfer  of  the  old  free  city 
to  the  kingdom  of  Wurtemberg.  His  first  politi- 
cal lessons  were,  therefore,  hati'ed  of  arbitrary  conquests 
and  annexations.  His  father  was  a wholesale  grocer.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  two  years  old.  At  the  age  of 
five  he  started  to  school,  where  he  remained  until  after  his 
fifteenth  year — seven  year's  in  his  native  place  and  three 
years  at  the  birth-place  of  Schiller.  He  subsequently  took 
a thorough  course  of  study  in  the  natural  sciences.  Leav- 
ing school,  he  spent  a year  or  two  in  his  father’s  store,  and 
finally,  after  having  vainly  made  one  attempt  to  go  to 
America,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  having  obtained  his 
father’s  consent,  he  started  for  this  country,  and  landed  in 
Philadeljrhia  in  1832.  He  secured  employment  in  a gro- 
cery at  six  dollars  per  month;  but  at  the  end  of  a year 
determined  to  go  to  Wheeling,  Virginia.  At  Hagerstowir 
he  got  into  serious  difficulty  for  attempting  to  interfere  in 
the  whipping  of  a slave  girl.  This  caused  him  to  go  to 
Pittsburgh  instead  of  Wheeling,  determining  never  again  to 
enter  a slave  State.  From  Pittsburgh  he  started  for  St. 
Louis;  but  on  arriving  in  Cincinnati,  in  the  fall  of  1833,  he 
took  the  cholera,  and  after  recovering,  abandoned  the  idea 
of  going  farther,  soon  found  employment,  and  has  since 
continued  to  reside  in  the  city.  His  first  employment  was 
with  T.  B.  & H.  B.  Coffin,  in  the  grocery  business.  After 
one  year  this  house  assisted  him  in  starting  his  own  grocery. 
He  was  uncommonly  prosperous,  and  in  ten  years  had 
bought  a farm  in  Green  township,  and  had  accumulated  a 
considerable  fortune.  In  1843  retired  from  the  grocery 
business  and  went  to  live  on  his  farm.  He  had  early  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  establishment  of  a Cincinnati  German 
newspaper.  In  1836,  through  his  instrumentality,  the 
Volksblatt  was  started,  and  during  the  following  year  he 
became  sole  proprietor.  After  retiring  to  his  farm,  he 
began  the  study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1848.  In  1844  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 
in  1846  to  the  Senate.  In  1850  he  was  a member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention.  In  all  of  these  bodies  he  took 
a prominent  position.  His  report  on  the  annexation  of 
Texas,  on  bank  taxation,  and  his  many  speeches  on  various 
subjects,  furnished  texts  for  popular  argumentation,  and 
contributed  largely  towards  breaking  down  the  predomi- 
nance of  the  Whig  party.  But  he  has  always  been  too 
radical  to  be  a leader  in  his  own  party,  seldom  being  in 
accord  with  the  public  opinion  of  the  times.  In  1854  and 
185s  he  was  Bank  Commissioner  for  the  free  and  independ- 
ent banks  of  Ohio;  and  in  1856  he  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Chase  as  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  State 
reform  schools.  To  become  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
this  subject  he  visited  Europe  at  his  own  expense,  and  on 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 


561 


his  return  his  plans  were  adopted  in  the  reform  schools  of 
the  State,  and  at  the  reform  farm,  at  Lancaster,  Ohio.  In 
1867  Governor  Hayes  appointed  him  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Mines.  His  last  public  service  was  as  member 
and  President  of  the  Board  of  Control.  His  numerous 
literary  productions  are  distributed  over  various  periodicals, 
both  German  and  English.  He  has  published  three  books: 
“ The  Wine  Trespass  Manual ; ” “ The  Wine-Makers’  Man- 
u.tl,”  and  “ Politics  as  a Science.”  He  is  decidedly  schol- 
arly, and  is  still  an  earnest  student.  His  zeal  for  knowledge 
induced  him  in  1874  to  go  to  Europe  to  attend  lectures  on 
law,  history  and  political  economy,  at  Strasburg  and  Wur- 
temlrerg.  In  1837  Mr.  Reemelin  was  married  to  his  present 
wife,  Louise  Mark,  of  Cincinnati.  They  have  seven  chil- 
dren, all,  excepting  one,  having  been  educated  in  both 
Europe  and  America. 


[ EAD,  COMMANDER  ABNER,  an  Officer  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  was  born,  1821,  in  Ohio,  and 
received  his  education  at  the  Ohio  University,  at 
Athens,  which  institution  he  left  in  his  senior 
year,  in  1839,  having  received  a midshipman’s 
warrant.  His  first  voyage  was  on  the  schooner 
“ Enterprise  ” to  the  South  American  coast,  having  been 
detached  from  a ship  of  war  destined  to  the  Mediterranean, 
on  account  of  some  little  difficulty  with  the  captain  previous 
to  the  sailing  of  the  vessel.  Prior  to  his  examination  he 
passed  a year  in  reviewing  his  studies  at  the  Naval  School  in 
Philadelphia,  and  stood  fifth  in  a class  of  forty-eight.  He 
was  at  once  detailed  to  the  duty  of  Acting  Sailing  Master, 
in  which  cap.acity  he  made  several  voy.ages,  and  soon  ac- 
quired the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  skilful  navi- 
gators in  the  service.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican 
war  he  was  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  but  returned  in  time  to 
make  a cruise  in  the  Gulf  and  participate  in  some  naval 
operations  near  the  close  of  the  war.  The  progress  of  naval 
promotion  being  slow,  he  did  not  reach  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant until  1853,  and  in  1855  the  Naval  Retiring  Board 
consigned  him  to  the  list  of  retired  officers,  but  he  was  not 
long  after  reinstated  by  the  Examining  Board.  Soon  after 
the  commencement  of  the  late  civil  war  he  was  ordered  for 
service  to  the  “Wyandotte,”  the  command  of  which  soon 
devolved  upon  him,  and  it  was  this  vessel  which  performed 
such  important  service  in  saving  Fort  Pickens  from  falling 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  In  May,  1862,  his  health  was 
so  much  impaired  that  he  was  relieved  from  his  command 
for  a time,  in  order  to  place  himself  under  medical  treat- 
ment. A severe  fit  of  sickness  prostrated  him  for  some 
weeks,  and  before  he  fully  recovered  his  strength  he  asked 
for  sailing  orders,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
steam  gunboat  “ New  London.”  Proceeding  at  once  to  Ship 
Island,  he  commenced  cruising  in  the  Mississippi  Sound, 
and  in  eight  days  captured  four  valuable  prizes.  The  ex- 
ploits of  this  vessel  won  for  it  from  the  enemy  the  appellation 


of  the  “ Black  Devil,”  and  it  soon  succeeded  in  breaking  up 
the  trade  between  New  Orleans  and  Mobile.  The  “ New 
London”  captured  nearly  thirty  prizes,  took  a battery  at 
Biloxi,  and  had  several  engagements  with  Confederate 
steamers  on  the  sound.  A short  time  previous  to  his  death, 
he  lost  his  left  eye  in  an  engagement  at  Sabine  Pass.  In 
June,  1863,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  steam  sloop- 
of-war  “ Monongahela,”  and  soon  after  participated  in  an 
attack  upon  the  enemy’s  batteries  above  Donaldsonville.  In 
this  engagement  he  was  fatally  wounded,  and  died  July  12th, 
1863.  He  was  a skilful  officer,  and  a universal  favorite 
throughout  the  navy. 


OUSE,  REV.  ERWIN,  Clergyman,  Editor  and 
Author,  was  born  at  Worthington,  nine  miles 
north  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  February  17th,  1824. 
His  parents,  Lyman  B.  and  Sarah  House,  were 
natives  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut.  At  the  age 
of  thirteen,  during  a religious  awakening  in  Lock- 
land,  near  Cincinnati,  where  his  parents  then  resided,  he 
joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  the  fall  of 
1841  he  entered  Woodward  College,  Cincinnati,  where  he 
graduated  in  1846.  Then  Samuel  Lewis  and  Salmon  P. 
Chase  were  trustees,  and  old  Dr.  Ray  w.as  Professor  of 
Mathematics  at  Woodward.  In  1849  he  was  granted  license 
to  preach  as  a local  minister  in  the  Methodist  Church  by 
the  Quarterly  Conference  of  Ninth  Street,  now  Trinity, 
Church,  Cincinnati.  In  1865  he  was  admitted  into  the 
Cincinnati  Conference.  As  early  as  1837  he  wrote  for  the 
papers,  and  in  1847  was  appointed  Assistant  Editor  of  the 
Ladies'  Repository ,7m  old,  popular  monthly  magazine  of  the 
church.  This  position  he  filled  many  years,  and  was  one 
year  in  entire  charge  of  its  editorial  work.  He  afterwards 
became  Assistant  Editor  of  the  IVestern  Christian  Advocate, 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  ably  conducted  weekly  papers 
published  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  These  edi- 
torial positions  he  filled  for  the  period  of  twenty-five  years. 
He  was  the  author  of  a number  of  works,  many  of  which 
have  had  a large  circulation  in  the  church.  Among  these 
the  most  important  are  : “ Sketches  for  the  Young;  ” “ The 
Missionary  in  Many  Lands;”  “The  Homilist;”  “The 
.Scripture  Cabinet,”  and  “ The  .Sunday-School  Hand-Book.” 
At  least  two  of  these  works  have  been  republished  in  Eng- 
land. In  his  editorial  work  he  was  associated  with  some  of 
the  finest  men  of  his  church.  He  was  an  efficient  worker 
and  an  able  advocate  for  the  temperance  cause.  He  was 
most  famous,  probably,  as  a Sunday-school  author,  speaker 
and  worker.  As  a speaker  to  children  he  had  few  equals; 
as  a writer  he  was  ready  and  agreeable ; in  the  church  he 
filled  a wide  place  well,  and  in  his  home  and  everywhere  he 
lived  the  life  of  an  educated  Christian  gentleman.  To  the 
la.st  hour  or  moment  of  his  life  he  was  at  his  post  in  the  office 
of  the  Advocate,  where  he  died  of  heart  disease,  May  20th, 


71 


562 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


1875.  House  was  married  in  August,  1848,(0  Margaret 
Davis,  sister  of  Drs.  John  and  \V.  li.  Davis,  of  Cincinnati. 
Of  their  four  children  but  one  survives. 


ILL,  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  JOSHUA 
WOODROW,  Soldier,  was  born,  December  6th, 
1831,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He  received  a thor- 
ough English  and  classical  education,  and  was 
appointed  in  1849  a cadet  in  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  where  he  grad- 
uated third  in  his  class.  In  1854  he  received  an  ordnance 
appointment,  and  was  stationed  at  Watervliet  Arsenal,  West 
Troy,  New  York.  In  the  following  year  he  was  recalled  as 
one  of  the  instructors  at  ^Yest  Point,  and  after  serving  two 
years  in  that  capacity  was  ordered  to  the  Pittsburgh  Arsenal, 
and  from  thence  in  1858  to  Vancouver,  Washington  Terri- 
tory, to  superintend  the  building  of  an  arsenal  there.  P’ind- 
ing  this  impracticable,  in  consequence  of  the  difficulty  exist- 
ing about  Vancouver’s  Island  with  the  British  government, 
he  returned,  and  soon  after  was  ordered  to  P'ort  Leaven- 
worth. In  i860  he  resigned  his  position  in  the  army,  and 
accepted  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and  Civil  Engi- 
neering in  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  resigned  his  professor- 
ship, and  upon  offering  his  services  to  the  Governor  of  Ohio 
was  appointed  Assistant  Adjutant-General  of  that  State.  In 
August,  1861,  he  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  23d 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers.  He  joined  General  Nelson  in 
his  Kentucky  expedition,  and  after  his  return  was  placed  in 
command  of  a brigade,  receiving  the  commission  of  Brigadier- 
General  July  29th,  1862.  He  subsequently  commanded  a 
division  for  a time,  evincing  great  courage  and  skill ; and 
upon  the  reorganization  of  the  army  under  General  Rose- 
crans,  he  was  assigned  a brigade  in  General  Sheridan’s 
division,  at  the  head  of  which  he  gallantly  fought  and  fell 
during  the  memorable  Wednesday  of  the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  Tennessee,  December  31st,  1862. 


tAMPBELL,  THOMAS,  Lawyer,  was  born.  May 
2ist,  1816,  in  Steubenville,  Jefferson  county,  Ohio, 
of  American  parentage.  His  father  followed 
mechanical  pursuits,  and  subsequently  became  a 
farmer.  Thomas  received  his  preliminary  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools  until  he  was  sixteen 
years  old,  when  he  entered  Franklin  College,  in  Harrison 
county,  where  he  remained  until  he  attained  the  age  of 
twenty  years.  He  then  went  to  his  father’s  farm  in  Co- 
shocton county,  and  taught  school  for  a year  or  more.  He 
was  engaged  subsequently  as  a clerk  in  a store,  which  he 
relinquished  in  1838  to  commence  the  study  of  law,  under 
the  supervision  of  James  Matthews,  of  Coshocton.  He  was 


admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  spring  of  1841  at  Steubenville; 
but  his  health  having  become  impaired,  he  returned  to  his 
father’s  farm  to  recuperate.  He  commenced  the  practice 
of  l.aw  in  1842  in  Coshocton,  and  was  elected  the  following 
year  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  county,  holding  that  posi- 
tion for  six  years,  being  re-elected  in  1845  1847.  He 

was  elected  in  1851  the  first  Probate  Judge  under  the  new 
Slate  Constitution,  and  served  the  full  term  of  three  years. 
In  1865  he  associated  with  R.  M.  Voorhes,  of  Harrison 
county,  under  the  firm-name  of  Campbell  & Voorhes,  attor- 
neys and  counsellors  at  law.  He  is  at  present  the  solicitor 
of  the  Building  Association.  He  has  ever  been  a firm  and 
consistent  member  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  takes  a 
great  interest  in  the  political  movements  in  the  county.  State 
and  Union.  He  was  married,  August  5th,  1842,  to  Martha 
Wallace,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  the  father  of  six  children. 
His  eldest  son,  Patrick  Steele  Campbell,  died  while  in  the 
army. 


UNDY,  HON.  WILLIAM,  Member  of  the  Sixty- 
second  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Belmont  county  of  that  State,  October  loth, 
1819.  His  parents,  William  and  Sarah  (Over- 
man) Bundy,  were  of  German  descent.  His  boy- 
hood and  youth  were  spent  in  assisting  his  father 
on  the  farm  and  in  attending  school.  He  was  married  in 
November,  1843,  to  Prudence  Wood.  She  died  in  1845, 
and  some  years  later  he  was  again  married  to  Asenalh 
Doudna,  of  the  same  county.  Mr.  Bundy  was  formerly  a 
Whig,  and  has  passed  through  all  the  anti-slavery  parlies 
and  emerged  a staunch  Republican.  Pie  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  House  of  Representatives  in  1875.  is  a member 
of  the  Wilberite  branch  of  the  Society  of  PYiends,  and  has 
always  t.aken  an  active  interest  in  educational  and  public 
affairs.  Possessed  of  a competency,  with  wife  and  children, 
he  enjoys  a comfortable  home. 


^UNCAN,  COMMANDER  JAMES  N.,  an  Officer 
of  the  United  States  Navy,  was  born,  1820,  in 
the  town  of  Madisonville,  Ohio.  He  entered  the 
navy  as  a midshipman  in  1837,  and  subsequently 
passed  through  a course  of  study  in  the  Naval 
School  at  Philadelphia.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  the  Mexican  war,  and  especially  distinguished  himself  in 
the  contest  which  preceded  the  annexation  of  California. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  late  civil  war  he  was  serving 
as  a Lieutenant  on  the  United  States  steamer  “ Crusader,” 
then  just  completing  a two-years’  cruise  after  slavers  on  the 
coast  of  Cuba.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Commander,  and 
assigned  to  the  store-ship  “ Relief.”  Subsequently  he  was 
transferred  to  the  monitor  “ Weehawken,”  of  which  he  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


563 


commander,  when  she  went  down  in  Charleston  harbor ; 
but  he  was  providentially  on  board  of  the  flag-ship  at  the 
time  of  the  disaster.  He  was  ne.xt  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  “ Norwich”  steam  gun-boat,  and  assisted  in  the 
bombardment  of  Fort  Pulaski,  and  of  Jacksonville,  Pdorida. 
During  liis  seiwice  on  the  Gulf  blockade,  he  contracted  a 
disease  of  the  heart  which  terminated  his  life.  He  died  at 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  August  2ist,  1864. 


^EDDELL,  PETER  MARTEN,  Merchant,  was 
born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1788.  It  was  not  until  after  his  father’s  death 
that  he  was  born,  and  two  years  later  his  mother 
remarried  and  removed  to  Paris,  Bourbon  county, 
Kentucky,  which  was  at  that  time  inhabited 
chiefly  by  the  Indians,  who  were  struggling  to  hold  the 
land  in  all  its  wildness  from  the  invading  white  men.  At 
fourteen  he  resolved  to  earn  his  own  living,  and  with  his 
entire  worldly  fortune  in  a little  bundle,  was  employed  in 
a store,  in  which  he  promised  to  perform  any  kind  of  work. 
He  was  so  faithful  and  successful  in  everything  that,  at 
nineteen  years  of  age,  he  was  made  partner.  This  copart- 
nership lasted  until  the  death  of  the  senior  member,  when 
Peter  closed  up  the  business,  and  with  some  money  and 
much  good  judgment,  removed  to  Newark,  Ohio,  where  he 
opened  a store  in  which  he  was  very  successful.  In  1820 
he  removed  from  Newark  to  Cleveland,  and  commenced 
business  on  Superior  street,  where  he  was  at  once  known 
among  the  leading  business  men  for  his  energy,  promptness, 
and  integrity.  In  1825  a partnership  was  formed  with 
Edmund  Clade  from  Buffalo,  and  Mr.  Weddell  retired  from 
active  participation  in  the  business.  This  partnership  lasted 
until  1828,  when  it  was  dissolved,  and  three  years  after- 
wards another  firm  was  organized  under  the  name  of  P.  M. 
Weddell  & Co.,  the  new  partners  being  his  two  clerks, 
Greenup  C.  Woods,  his  half  brother,  and  Dudley  Baldwin. 
Four  years  later  Mr.  Woods  removed  to  Newark,  and  in 
1845  the  firm  of  P.  M.  Weddell  & Son  was  announced, 
with  H.  P.  Weddell  as  junior  partner.  In  1823  he  built  a 
brick  house  and  store,  on  the  corner  of  Superior  and  Bank 
streets,  then  the  finest  building  in  Cleveland.  In  1845  this 
was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  the  Weddell  House,  which 
was  erected  on  its  site.  In  1847,  "'hen  on  his  journey  home 
from  New  York,  where  he  had  been  to  purchase  furniture 
for  his  new  hotel,  he  contracted  typhoid  fever  and  died 
three  weeks  afterwards,  leaving  a large  property  in  real 
estate  in  which  his  surplus  funds  had  been  invested. 
Several  years  prior  to  his  death  he  refrained  from  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  business  of  his  store,  having  resigned  the 
management  to  his  former  clerks,  who  were  his  partners 
therein.  In  1832  he  built  a stone  cottage  on  Euclid  street 
for  a country  residence  for  his  son,  1 1.  P.  Weddell,  while 
his  own  time  was  chiefly  employed  in  improving  his  real 


estate,  which  was  rapidly  increasing  in  value.  In  his  clos- 
ing years  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Cleveland.  He  was  noted  for  his  untiring  in- 
dustry, uniform  courtesy,  the  generosity  of  his  purse  for  all 
worthy  objects,  and  his  ever  ready  assistance  to  young  men, 
who  were  struggling  in  their  business  enterprises.  When 
he  died  he  made  valuable  bequests  to  religious  and  benevo- 
lent institutions.  He  was  married  twice  ; first  in  November, 
1815,  to  Sophia  Perry,  of  Cleveland,  w ho  died  in  1823,  and 
in  1824  to  Eliza  A.  Bell,  of  New'ark,  Ohio.  By  his  first 
marriage  he  had  three  children,  of  whom  only  one  survived, 
Horace  P.  Weddell,  a prominent  banker  and  capitalist,  who 
resides  in  his  native  city,  Cleveland.  This  son  was  edu- 
cated in  Cleveland  and  trained  to  habits  of  business  in  his 
father’s  affairs,  and,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  was  the  junior 
partner  of  P.  M.  Weddell  & Son.  On  the  formation  of 
this  partnership  in  1845,  building  of  the  well-known 
Weddell  House  was  commenced  and  finished  in  1847,  the 
furnishing  being  done  under  his  sole  management  after  his 
father’s  death  in  that  year.  It  W’as  then  rented,  and  has 
since  been  successfully  conducted  as  a first-class  hotel.  The 
management  of  this,  and  other  valuable  property  inherited 
from  his  father,  has  occupied  a large  share  of  his  lime.  He 
formed  a copartnership  with  Dr.  A.  Everett  and  Sylvester 
Everett  in  the  banking  business,  which  is  still  continued. 
Although  never  having  taken  a prominent  part  in  public 
affairs,  he  has  always  assisted,  in  an  unostentatious  way, 
every  public  enterprise  which  he  deemed  was  for  the  good 
of  all.  During  the  w'ar  of  the  rebellion  he  contributed 
liberally  to  the  cause  of  the  United  Slates.  Hundreds  of 
poor  people  know  of  his  benevolence,  and  other  hundreds 
have  received  of  his  bounty,  wdthout  knowing  to  wdiom  they 
were  indebted  for  the  comforts  and  necessaries  of  life. 


NNIS,  GUSTAVUS  S.,  was  born  in  Franklin  town- 
ship, Franklin  county,  Ohio,  February  4th,  1819. 
In  the  spring  of  1821  he  removed  with  his  father. 
Rev.  Henry  Innis,  who  settled  in  the  eastern 
^ (o)  part  of  Clinton  township.  The  Innis  family  was 
of  Scotch  origin.  Some  of  them  removed  into 
the  north  of  Ireland  and  from  there  into  England,  where 
William  Innis  united  with  the  Friends,  or,  as  they  are  more 
commonly  called,  Quakers.  During  the  early  settlement 
of  Pennsylvania  he  removed  his  family  near  to  Philadel- 
phia. He  was  the  captain  of  a merchant  ship,  and  made 
several  voyages,  on  one  of  which  commander,  crew,  and 
ship  were  lost  at  sea,  as  no  tidings  were  ever  heard  of  them. 
Captain  Innis  left  a wife  and  two  or  three  sons,  and  a 
daughter  or  two.  Robert,  one  of  the  sons,  settled  in  West- 
moreland county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a leading  elder 
in  the  Quaker  Church.  His  second  son,  Heniy,  the  father 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  having  enlisted  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  in  the  Northwestern  army,  under  W.  H.  Harri- 


5^4 


BIOURAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 


son,  during  the  campaign,  first  saw  the  plains  and  valleys 
of  the  then  West.  He  determined  to  make  his  home  on 
these  rich  and  level  lands,  and  accordingly,  after  the  war, 
settled  in  Franklin  township,  from  whence  he  removed  to 
Clinton,  where  he  lived  till  his  death,  which  occurred  on 
the  20lh  day  of  May,  1865.  Young  Innis  helped  his  father 
on  the  farm  summers  and  attended  district  schools  winters 
till  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  when  his  father  sent  him  to 
Worthington  to  a seminary  in  Masonic  Hall,  Seth  Wash- 
burn, Principal.  Here  he  studied  language  and  mathe- 
matics, and  made  rapid  progress.  The  next  seminary  or 
high  school  he  attended  was  in  Blendon  township,  Ebene- 
zer  and  Seth  Washburn,  teachers.  Here  he  continued  at 
school  till  Central  College  was  organized.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  students  of  this  institution,  where  he  continued  some 
four  or  live  years,  except  that  he  generally  left  winters  to 
teach,  returning  to  the  college  again  each  spring.  He  made 
good  progress,  taking  a thorough  course  in  mathematics 
and  astronomy,  calculating  most  of  the  jirincipal  eclipses  of 
the  sun  and  moon  up  to  the  year  igoo.  After  leaving 
school  he  engaged  in  teaching  for  a few  years.  In  March, 
1845,  he  married  Sarah  G.  Morrill,  and  settled  down  to  the 
life  of  a farmer,  in  Montgomery,  now  Marion  township, 
.south  of  and  near  the  city  of  Columbus.  Upon  the  busi- 
ness of  agriculture  and  horticulture  he  entered  with  all  the 
energy  of  his  nature.  .Still  he  found  time  to  let  his  views 
and  practice  be  known  through  the  local  and  agricultural 
press.  He  became  a regular  correspondent  for  several 
agricultural  papers,  for  which  he  has  written  as  much,  or 
perhaps  more,  than  any  other  practical  farmer  in  the  State, 
and  all  without  any  other  reward  except  having  the  papers 
sent  to  him  by  the  publishers.  His  articles  were  exten- 
sively copied  all  over  the  United  States.  He  contributed 
liberally  also  to  the  agricultural  and  scientific  literature  of 
the  day.  Many  of  his  articles  will  be  found  in  agricultural 
books  and  reports.  During  the  holding  of  the  first  State 
fair  in  Columbus,  Mr.  Innis  met  the  late  Samuel  Medary 
on  the  street,  and  said,  “ Why  cannot  we  have  a county 
agricultural  society  in  Franklin?”  Colonel  Medary  an- 
swered : “ We  can.  I will  advertise  to-morrow  for  a meet- 
ing.” Soon  after  the  friends  of  agriculture  met  and  organ- 
ized the  Franklin  County  Agricultural  Society.  Mr.  Innis 
was  one  of  the  live  working  members  of  this  society,  serv- 
ing it  in  almost  all  c.apacities,  until  he  finally  became  its 
President.  He  has  also  been  an  ardent  friend  of  the  pub- 
lic schools,  and  given  much  of  his  time  in  their  man.ige- 
ment  on  Boards  of  Education  and  visiting  committees.  In 
this  he  has  been  enthusiastic,  doing  whatever  was  necessary 
to  be  done  cheerfully.  He  also  served  for  years  on  the 
County  Board  of  -School  Examiners.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  he  became  an  active  sup- 
porter of  the  national  cause,  and  contributed  liberally  to  fill 
up  its  armies  and  for  the  support  of  the  families  of  those  in 
the  service  of  their  country.  In  1864,  when  the  National 
Guard  wasxalled  into  service,  he  took  the  field  as  Colonel 


of  the  133J  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers.  He  served  with 
his  regiment  in  West  Virginia,  Bermuda  Hundreds,  on  the 
James  river,  and  in  the  sieges  of  Petersburg  and  Richmond. 
In  politics  he  was  originally  a Democrat,  casting  his  first 
vote  in  1840  for  Martin  Van  Buren.  During  and  a little 
before  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  sometimes  acted  with  the 
Republicans.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865,  he  returned 
in  full  allegiance  to  and  accord  with  the  Democratic  party, 
believing  its  principles  to  be  for  the  best  interests  of  the 
country  generally.  In  April,  1874,  he  was  appointed  War- 
den of  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  which  position  he  still 
(December,  1875)  bolds.  In  1852  he  was  initiated  into 
the  mysteries  of  Odd  I'ellowship,  and  became  a member  of 
Central  Lodge,  No.  23,  and  of  Capital  Encampment,  No. 
6.  In  1858  he  was  admitted  a member  of  Magnolia  Lodge, 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  To  each  of  these  organiza- 
tions he  has  ever  since  had  the  honor  of  belonging,  and  is 
now  in  good  standing. 


f^ODGE,  JOHN  ORLANDO,  was  born,  November 
25th,  1828,  in  Hamburg,  Erie  county.  New 
York.  He  is  the  son  of  Alfred  Hodge,  an  early 
settler  of  Buffalo,  and  a descendant  of  John 
Hodge,  of  Windsor,  Connecticut,  who,  on  the 
I2th  of  August,  1666,  married  .Susanna  Denslow, 
daughter  of  Henry  Denslow,  the  first  settler  of  Windsor 
Locks,  Connecticut.  The  family  is  possessed  of  a complete 
genealogical  record,  running  from  1646  to  date.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  years  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  left  an 
orphan.  He  determined  to  settle  in  the  West,  then  so  full 
of  promise  to  young  energy  and  industry.  In  June  of  1842 
the  young  fortune-seeker  arrived  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where 
he  took  up  his  residence,  spending  the  first  few  years  in  a 
]irinting  office.  In  April,  1847,  Mr.  Hodge,  then  in  his 
nineteenth  year,  enlisted  for  the  Mexican  war,  emharking 
for  the  scene  of  conflict  at  New  York,  on  the  8lh  of  the 
following  month.  He  was  destined  to  pass  through  hard- 
ship and  peril  before  he  reached  the  seat  of  war.  On  the 
first  evening  out,  before  the  transport  had  got  fairly  to  sea, 
she  collided  with  a .Spanish  man-of-war,  and  had  to  put 
back  to  New  York  in  a damaged  condition.  On  the  15th 
of  the  same  month,  Mr.  Hodge  sailed  again  for  Mexico. 
All  went  well  until  the  23d  of  April,  when  the  vessel  was 
wrecked  sixty  miles  from  the  island  of  Abaco.  Fortunately 
the  volunteers  and  crew  were  saved  by  a ship  bound  for 
Havana  and  safely  landed  at  that  port.  After  spending  a 
few  days  in  Havana  to  recruit  their  health,  the  troops 
crossed  the  Gulf  and  entered  Mexico.  Mr.  Hodge  remained 
in  the  enemy’s  country  until  the  close  of  the  war,  doing 
creditable  service  under  Generals  Zachary  Taylor  and  John 
E.  Wool.  Hostilities  having  ceased,  Mr.  Hodge  returned 
to  New  York,  and  shortly  after  entered  the  Geauga  Semi- 
nary, in  Geauga  county,  Ohio.  Here  he  applied  himself 


LIOGRAPIIICAL 

industriously  and  made  rapid  progress.  Upon  leaving 
school  he  taught  for  some  lime  to  the  satisfaction  of  his 
patrons.  In  1851  he  again  made  his  home  in  Cleveland. 
In  the  following  spring  there  was  a general  election  for 
municipal  officers.  Mr.  Hodge  was  a candidate  for  Clerk 
of  the  Police  Court,  to  which  position  he  was  elected  by  the 
largest  vote  polled  for  any  candidate.  At  the  expiration  of 
a three  years’  term  Mr.  I lodge  declined  a renominalion, 
and  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he  opened  a printing  es- 
tablishment on  his  own  account.  lie  remained  in  Chicago 
until  i860,  when  he  disposed  of  his  printing  establishment, 
went  to  Connecticut,  and  there  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness. In  a short  time  after  his  arrival  he  was  made  Post- 
master of  the  village  in  which  he  resided,  filling  the  office 
for  six  years.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs, 
and  by  his  intelligence  and  upright  conduct  won  the  con- 
fidence of  all  who  knew  him.  In  1862  Mr.  Hodge  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  General  As- 
sembly of  Connecticut.  In  1864  Mr.  Hodge  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate.  He  served  his  constituents  so  faithfully 
that  he  was  returned  to  the  Senate,  of  which  he  was  unani- 
mously chosen  the  presiding  officer.  By  this  time  he  had 
become  prominent  in  State  politics  and  was  generally 
respected  and  trusted.  During  the  war  the  governor  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Hodge  on  a commission  to  care  for  Connecti- 
cut’s sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  He  was  also  personally 
authorized  by  the  governor  to  receive  the  vote  of  the  Con- 
necticut soldiers  in  the  field,  cast  for  President  in  1864. 
Mr.  Hodge  discharged  the  duties  of  both  of  these  positions 
with  intelligence  and  fidelity.  In  1867  he  disposed  of  his 
interests  in  Connecticut  and  returned  to  Cleveland,  where 
he  engaged  in  real  estate  operations.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  to  the  City  Council,  being  successively  re-elected  in 
1873  and  1875.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  the  choice  of  the 
Republicans  for  President,  but  was  defeated  by  one  vote, 
owing  to  the  action  of  two  or  three  members  of  his  own 
party.  Mr.  Hodge  has  born  an  active  part  in  the  promo- 
tion of  every  public  enterprise  which  promised  to  further 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Cleveland.  He  was  one  of 
the  earliest  advocates  of  the  viaduct  project,  and  to  him  is 
given  the  credit  of  securing  the  land  along  the  lake  for  park 
purposes.  He  has  represented  his  district  in  the  State 
Legislature,  being  elected  by  a greater  majority  than  any 
other  candidate  received.  Mr.  Hodge  is  a skilful  debater, 
a forcible  speaker,  and  one  of  the  best  parliamentarians  in 
Ohio.  Throughout  his  private  and  public  life  he  has  main- 
tained a character  of  strict  integrity.  He  has  been  success- 
ful in  business  as  a result  of  hard  work  and  natural  fitne.ss 
for  the  conduct  of  affairs.  Several  years  since,  failing 
health  obliged  him  to  retire  from  business.  Since  then  he 
has  lived  on  the  accumulated  fruits  of  his  industry.  Mr. 
Hodge  was  a Democrat  until  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion, 
when  he  joined  the  Republican  party,  with  which  he  has 
since  acted.  In  October,  1855,  he  married  Lydia  R.  Doane, 
by  whom  he  has  one  son,  grown  almost  to  manhood. 


ENCVCLOP/EDIA.  565 

ILL,  W.  D.,  ex-Superintendent  of  Insurance,  was 
born  in  Virginia,  about  1836.  In  1848  he  moved 
to  Ohio,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools 
and  made  use  of  the  remainder  of  his  time  on  the 
farm.  Having  laid  a good  foundation,  he  entered 
Antioch  College,  at  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  of 
which  Horace  Mann,  of  Massachusetts,  was  at  that  time 
President.  In  1857  Mr.  Hill  went  to  Springfield,  Ohio, 
and  began  a course  of  law  reading  with  James  M.  Hunt. 
Mr.  Hill  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  i860.  He  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Springfield,  of  which 
city  he  was  elected  Mayor  in  1863.  He  discharged  the 
duties  of  the  mayoralty  for  one  year,  and 'then  became  a 
resident  of  Defiance  county.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the 
lower  House  of  the  Legislature,  from  Defiance,  Williams, 
and  Paulding  counties.  He  was  re-elected  three  succes- 
sive times,  by  increased  majorities.  In  1870  Mr.  Hill  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  the  Toledo  District.  For  fifteen 
years  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  has  served  several  years  as  President  of  the 
Defiance  County  Agricultural  Society.  In  February,  1875, 
Mr.  Hill  was  appointed  by  Governor  Allen  to  be  Superin- 
tendent of  Insurance.  He  is  at  present  counsel  for  the 
Chicago  Division  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  In 
politics  Mr.  Hill  is  a Democrat,  and  has  taken  a prominent 
place  in  his  party.  He  is  a member  of  the  Democratic 
State  Central  Committee  from  the  Fifth  District.  June  3d, 
1863,  he  married  Augusta  B.  March,  at  Springfield.  The 
family  residence  is  at  Hickville,  Defiance  county. 


ALZELL,  JAMES  M.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Sep- 
tember 3d,  1838,  in  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  is  a son  of  Robert  and  Anna  Dal- 
zell,  now  of  Fayette  Springs,  Pennsylvania.  They 
are  both  living  {1876),  the  former  aged  seventy- 
four,  and  the  latter  seventy-six  years;  and  are 
both  devout  members  of  the  Lhiited  Presbyterian  Church  ; 
they  were  married,  December  25th,  1836,  in  Pittsburgh. 
In  1847  the  family  left  that  city  and  took  up  their  residence 
in  Noble  county,  Ohio,  where  their  son  James  has  ever 
since  remained.  He  graduated  at  Duff’s  College,  in  1856. 
During  the  late  civil  war  he  served  in  the  ranks  of  the 
I i6th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  for  three  years;  and  after 
his  return  home,  received  the  appointment  of  a clerkshij)  in 
the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington,  District  of  Colum- 
bia, which  he  filled  for  two  years.  In  1868  he  graduated 
from  the  Columbian  I.aw  College,  and  also  from  the  Co- 
lumbian College,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
his  home,  at  Caldwell,  Ohio,  in  the  same  year,  and  has  so 
continued  to  the  present  time.  He  held  the  office  of  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  his  county  for  two  years ; and  in  the 
autumn  of  1875  was  elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  Legis- 
lature on  the  Republican  ticket,  as  a Representative  from 


566 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN'CYCLOP.-EDIA. 


Noble  county.  Like  his  father,  he  was,  prior  to  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Republican  party,  an  Abolitionist  of  the  ultra 
school.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  all  .the  leading  newspapers  in  the  country,  and 
since  the  war  has  generally  written  over  the  signature  of 
“ Private  Dalzell,”  by  which  name  he  is  probably  better 
known  than  by  his  proper  signature.  He  is  a member  of 
the  Old  School  Presbyterian  Church,  and  a Ruling  Elder 
in  that  communion.  He  was  married,  November  29th, 
1867,  to  Hattie  M.  Kelley,  and  is  the  father  of  four  chil- 
tlren — three  daughters,  Nellie  Grant,  Lena  May  and  Anna, 
and  one  son,  James  Monroe.  Mrs.  Dalzell  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  over  twenty 
years.  She  is  one  year  younger  than  her  husband,  and 
is  a beautiful  and  noble  woman. 


IIISirOLM,  HENRY,  Iron  Master,  was  born  in 
Lochgelly,  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  April  22d,  1822. 
At  ten  years  of  age  he  lost  his  father,  Stewart 
Chisholm,  a mining  contractor.  He  attended 
school  until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a carpenter  and  joiner  for 
five  years.  At  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship  he  re- 
moved to  Glasgow  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  he  was 
twenty,  and  then  emigrated  to  Canada,  and  worked  at  his 
trade  in  Montreal  seven  years,  first  as  a journeyman  and 
then  on  his  own  account.  His  success  was  remarkable,  as 
his  business  became  one  of  the  most  extensive  of  the  kind 
in  that  city.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Cleveland  and  con- 
tracted to  build  the  breakwater  for  the  Cleveland  & Pitts- 
burgh Railroad  Company,  where  their  road  terminates  at 
the  lake.  This  work  required  three  years,  was  from  the 
. first  under  his  immediate  supervision,  and  gave  such  entire 
satisfaction  that  for  a long  time  thereafter  he  was  con- 
stantly employed  in  constructing  piers  and  docks  along 
Lake  Erie,  in  front  of  Cleveland.  In  1857,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Chisholm,  Jones  £;  Co.,  a rolling  mill  was  erected 
for  the  purpose  of  making  railroad  iron.  Soon  the  firm 
was  changed,  so  that  it  was  Stone,  Chisholm  & Jones.  The 
capacity  of  the  mill  was  about  fifty  tons  per  day,  and  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men  were  employed.  The  new  rails 
were  made  of  iron  from  the  ores  of  Lake  Superior,  which 
was  brought  to  Cleveland  on  the  lakes ; but  a part  of  the 
work  was  re-rolling  old  rails.  In  1859  his  company  built 
a blast  furnace  in  Newburg,  which  proved  an  important 
addition  to  their  works ; it  was  the  first  of  the  kind  in  that 
part  of  Ohio.  In  i860  another  furnace  was  built  and  ad- 
ditions made  to  the  rolling  mill  for  the  purpose  of  manufac- 
turing all  kinds  of  merchant  iron  as  well  as  rails.  He  next 
built  a rolling  mill  in  Chicago,  and  two  blast  furnaces  in 
Indiana  to  partially  supply  Chicago  with  pig-iron  such  as 
was  made  in  Cleveland  from  the  ores  of  Lake  Superior  and 


Missouri.  His  eldest  son,  William,  was  appointed  general 
manager  of  the  Chicago  mill.  In  1864  the  firm  of  Stone, 
Chisholm  & Jones  established  the  Cleveland  Rolling  Mill 
Company,  into  which  the  partnership  merged,  and  the  Lake 
Shore  Rolling  Mill  w'as  added  by  purchase.  In  1865  the 
company  constructed  the  Bessemer  Steel  Works,  it  being 
the  second  in  the  United  States  and  one  of  the  most  perfect 
establishments  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  commenced 
with  twenty  thousand  tons  annually,  and  enlarged  until  its 
capacity  was  thirty  thousand  tons  of  steel  yearly,  gave  em- 
ployment to  about  fifteen  hundred  men  and  turned  out 
from  tw'o  to  three  million  dollars  worth  of  .steel  each  year. 
Although  the  steel  rails  manufactured  by  the  Bessemer 
works  were  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  de- 
mand was  constant  in  addition,  at  least  ten  thousand  tons 
of  other  steel,  such  as  tire,  merchant  and  spring  steel,  were 
manufactured.  A wire  mill  was  added,  which  made  an- 
nually from  four  to  five  thousand  tons  of  steel  wire,  from 
the  coarsest  size  to  the  finest  hair.  All  shapes  of  steel 
forging  w'ere  also  produced  at  the  Bessemer  works.  The 
company  owmed  their  own  mines  on  Lake  Superior,  and 
kept  about  twm  hundred  and  fifty  men  employed  in  produc- 
ing ore.  The  annual  products  of  this  company  amounted 
to  between  six  and  seven  million  dollars.  In  1871  Mr. 
Chisholm  organized,  independent  of  the  Cleveland  Roll- 
ing Mill  Company,  the  Union  Rolling  Mill  Company  of 
Chicago,  which  did  a business  of  about  two  and  a half 
million  dollars.  With  his  Chicago  partners  he  erected 
another  rolling  mill  at  Decatur,  Illinois.  All  of  these 
establishments  gave  employmen'’  to  twenty-five  hundred 
men,  and  the  aggregate  of  the  business  was  about  ten  mil- 
lion dollars  per  annum.  No  iron  business  of  this  country 
has  ever  achieved  such  enormous  growth  from  such  small 
beginnings  in  so  short  a time.  Mr.  Chi.shohn,  when  he 
landed  in  Montreal,  in  1S42,  had  not  a dollar.  In  1857, 
with  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  saved  in  eighteen  years 
from  his  earnings  and  contracts,  he  began  the  iron  business, 
and  in  less  than  eighteen  years  from  that  time  he  had  an 
investment  of  about  ten  million  dollars.  The  panics  never 
materially  injured  his  business,  but  his  companies  have 
been  able  to  aid  many  railroads  in  times  of  trouble.  He 
has  never  taken  a prominent  part  in  politics.  Alt  benevo- 
lent institutions  and  those  of  a charitable  and  philanthropic 
character  h.ave  received  large  donations  from  his  liberal 
hands.  He  was  a trustee  of  four  of  the  charitable  institu- 
tions of  Cleveland,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  has  been 
an  active  member  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church  of  the 
city,  and  also  one  of  its  Deacons  and  Trustees.  He  is  a 
heavy  stockholder  in  several  banking  and  manufacturing 
institutions.  Before  leaving  Scotland  he  married  Jean 
Allen,  of  Dunfermline,  Fifeshire,  and  now  has  five  chil- 
dren. The  eldest  son,  Wdlliam,  who  exhibits  the  qualities 
of  his  father  in  a marked  degree,  is  manager  of  the  Chicago 
works;  Stewart,  the  second  son,  is  in  charge  of  the  rolling 
mills  in  Cleveland;  and  Wilson  B.,  the  youngest,  is  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


567 


charge  of  the  works  in  Newburg,  including  steel  works,  blast 
furnaces  and  rolling  mills.  He  has  two  daughters,  Kath- 
arine and  Jeannette. 

OTZE,  ADOLPHU.S,  Manufacturer,  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Muenden,  in  the  late  kingdom  of 
Hanover,  August  nth,  1812.  His  parents  were 
respectable  Germans  of  the  middle  class  and  the 
proprietors  of  an  inn.  It  was  during  the  invasion 
of  the  French  under  the  first  Napoleon,  and  while 
the  invaders  were  quartered  in  the  town,  and  some  of  them 
in  his  parents’  inn,  that  Adolphus  was  born.  The  name 
“Lotze”is  German  for  “pilot,”  and  its  representative  in 
Cincinnati  has  faithfully  maintained  its  significance.  At 
the  age  of  nine  he  lost  his  father,  but  his  surviving  parent 
gave  him  a good  education.  He  attended  school  until  his 
fourteenth  year,  and  then  became  an  apprentice  to  a tin- 
smith in  his  native  town.  In  this  capacity  he  served  four 
years.  Not  caring  to  seek  his  fortune  in  a country  already 
overcrowded  with  skilled  labor,  and  more  especially  having 
an  aversion  to  the  life  of  a tramping  journeyman,  he  re- 
solved to  emigrate  to  America.  He  embarked  at  Bremen, 
October  l8th,  1S30,  and  arrived  at  Baltimore  in  the  De- 
cember following.  After  working  at  his  trade  for  a .short 
time  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  solving  of  the  scientific 
problem  of  heat  and  ventilation.  From  Baltimore  he  made 
his  way  to  Philadelphia,  and  thence  to  Newark,  New  York 
and  Boston,  in  all  which  places  he  applied  himself  to  the 
study  of  heat  and  ventilation  through  the  agency  of  warm- 
air  furnaces.  The  vigorous  prosecution  of  his  experiments 
was  destined  to  make  him  a prosperous  merchant  and  a 
benefactor  of  humanity.  In  the  spring  of  1838  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  year  following  he 
founded  his  present  large  and  important  manufacturing  in- 
dustry. He  was  the  inventor  and  maker  of  the  first  warm- 
air  furnace  manufactured  in  the  Western  States.  This 
furnace  w.as  built  in  the  old  residence  of  the  Hon.  D.  K. 
Este,  at  Ninth  and  Main  streets,  in  1840.  .So  well  was 
Judge  Este  pleased  with  it  that  he  ordered  one  of  the  same 
pattern  for  his  new  and  more  palatial  residence,  twenty 
years  later.  In  1853  the  inventor  visited  Europe,  including 
his  birth-place,  but  spent  most  of  his  time  in  examining 
and  investigating  the  methods  of  heat  and  ventilation  in 
vogue  there,  as  well  as  the  various  kinds  of  stoves,  cooking- 
ranges,  etc.,  used.  On  his  return  he  added  to  his  business 
the  manufacture  of  cooking-ranges,  and  with  a success  that 
far  exceeded  his  expectations.  Two  years  previous  to  this 
he  had  erected  his  first  business  house  at  No.  217  Walnut 
street,  and  this  he  was  compelled  from  time  to  time  to  en- 
large, until  it  now  has  a frontage  of  33  feet  on  Walnut 
street  and  a depth  of  2O0  feet  to  I.odge  street.  Up  to  1874 
the  firm-name  was  A.  Lotze  & Co.,  but  at  this  date  it 
was  changed  to  A.  Lotze  & .Sons,  although  the  founder 
was  the  only  member  of  the  firm.  In  May,  1875,  a.sso- 


ciated  his  two  eldest  sons  in  the  business,  each  equally 
sharing  with  himself.  Having  for  two  years  been  a sufferer 
from  a most  terrible  and  insidious  disease,  he  again  visited 
Europe  in  the  summer  of  1875,  ■''*  hope  of  being  able 
to  effect  a cure.  His  disease,  known  as  progressive  mus- 
cular atrophy,  has  to  this  day  baffled  the  skill  of  the  most 
eminent  physicians  and  defied  the  curative  properties  of  the 
baths  and  mineral  springs  of  Europe  and  America.  Al- 
though a confirmed  invalid,  his  mind  is  unimpaired,  and  he 
is  never  troubled  with  low  spirits.  His  visit  to  Europe  was 
not  followed  by  the  least  benefit,  and  he  returned  to  the 
bosom  of  his  family  after  seven  months’  absence.  His  af- 
fliction, though  weakening  him  day  by  day,  is  nevertheless 
painless.  But  its  silent  ravages  have  unfitted  him  for  the 
activities  of  life,  and  his  condition  is  such  that  he  never 
leaves  his  home,  where  he  is  surrounded  by  a large  and 
affectionate  family.  In  February,  1840,  he  was  married  to 
Magdalene  Bering,  a descendant  of  a noble  family  of 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  and  five  sons  and  five  daughters  are  the 
fruits  of  this  union.  Nine  of  these  survive.  Several  are 
married.  His  third  son,  C.  M.  I.otze,  is  an  attorney-at-law 
in  Cincinnati.  Three  .sons  have  charge  of  the  business,  the 
youngest  having  succeeded  the  founder.  The  business  is  a 
very  prosperous  one,  and  will  ever  reflect  credit  upon  the 
originator.  For  nearly  forty  years  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  study  of  the  science  of  heat  and  ventilation,  and  he 
ranks  with  the  greatest  men  of  his  class  in  the  world.  He 
succeeded  beyond  expectation  in  a city  where  many  others 
had  lamentably  failed,  and  the  reputation  of  his  manufac- 
tures extends  over  the  whole  Western  country.  He  has 
given  character  to  his  business  and  made  Cincinnati  a 
centre  for  the  manufacture  of  heating  and  cooking  ap- 
paratus. 


•^JEMPEL,  FERDINAND  FREDERIC,  of  Logan, 
Hocking  county,  Ohio,  Merchant,  Banker  and 
Real  Estate  Operator,  was  born  in  Bielefeld, 
Westphalia,  Prussia,  June  20th,  1824,  and  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Hieronymus  I*'.  Rempel.  He 
comes  of  a family  whose  members  have  held 
many  important  positions  in  their  native  country.  His 
father  founded  the  College  of  Bielefeld,  Prussia,  and  acted 
as  a professor  in  and  superintendent  of  this  institution  until 
the  time  of  his  death  ; he  was  widely  known,  and  highly 
esteemed  for  his  learning  and  intelligence.  His  oldest 
brother,  Frederic  Rempel,  was  a professor  at  the  college  in 
Ham,  while  another  brother,  Rudolph  Rempel,  attained 
distinction  as  a politician,  and  was  engaged  extensively  in 
manufacturing  pursuits  in  the  city  of  Bielefeld,  Prussia.  The 
laboring  classes  of  that  city,  in  acknowledgment  of  his  great 
and  zealous  interest  in  their  welfare,  caused  the  erection  of  a 
splendid  memorial  monument  in  the  garden  of  the  Concordia 
Society.  He  came  to  this  country  with  his  sister  and  brother- 
in-law,  G.  Sporleder,  in  1834,  and  settled  with  them,  near 


568 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XYCLO^.-ED^ A. 


Lancaster,  Ohio,  on  a farm  now  occupied  by  lion.  J.  T.  Bra- 
see.  Mere  he  was  subsequently  engaged  for  a time,  in  the 
interest  of  G.  Sporleder,  in  a laboratory.  His  knowledge 
of  English  study  and  the  English  language  was  acquired 
primarily  under  the  instructions  of  Captain  August  Witte, 
a prominent  foreigner  of  excellent  attainments.  Through 
subsequent  sedulous  application  he  rapidly  mastered  the 
difficulties  of  the  new  tongue,  and  at  the  present  time  con- 
verses fluently  in  the  English  language.  He  remained  with 
his  brother-in-law  until  1838,  when  he  removed  to  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  in  company  with  a distinguished  German  family 
whose  head  was  Baron  Von  Raschkauw,  holding  the  po- 
sitions of  English  tutor  to  the  children  and  assistant  to  the 
father.  At  the  expiration  of  a brief  period  he  relinquished 
his  connection  with  the  family  and  returned  to  Lancaster, 
Ohio,  where  he  found  employment  as  a clerk  in  a whole- 
sale grocery  store  owned  by  F.  1.  Boving,  there  remaining 
for  one  year,  when  he  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of 
a branch  store  in  Logan,  Ohio.  In  1843  6e  became, 
by  purchase,  the  proprietor  of  this  branch,  and  since  then 
has  successfully  conducted  it  as  a general  merchandise 
store.  Since  1840  he  has  been  intimately  identified  as  a 
merchant  with  the  trade  interests  of  Logan  and  Hocking 
county,  and  throughout  this  section  of  the  State  is  favorably 
known  as  a business  man  of  intelligence,  integrity  and  ability. 
In  1846  he  commenced  his  operations  in  real  estate,  mani- 
festing from  the  outset  shrewd  judgment  in  his  purchases, 
and  unwavering  faith  in  the  ultimate  development  of  the 
locality  selected  by  him  as  his  field  of  operations.  In  1850 
he  returned  to  Europe,  in  order  to  visit  his  relatives  and 
friends,  and  there  spent  one  year,  travelling  during  that 
time  in  Prussia,  France  and  England.  In  1855  he  estab- 
lished a line  of  stage  coaches  in  the  Hocking  valley,  and 
conducted  this  enterprise  with  great  profit  until  1868.  The 
line  eventually  became  one  of  the  most  extensive  in  the 
State,  and,  through  careful  and  efficient  man.agement,  con- 
stantly enjoyed  the  fullest  patronage  of  the  public.  Being 
under  the  direct  superintendency  of  John  Borland,  Esq.,  a 
veteran  stage-route  manager,  and  agent  formerly  of  the 
Ohio  Stage  Company,  in  the  selection  of  employes  Colonel 
Rempel  exhibited  good  judgment,  as  they  principally  re- 
mained in  said  employment,  with  him,  until  the  completion 
of  the  Hocking  Valley  Railroad  dismissed  the  enterprise. 
During  the  thirteen  years  of  its  existence,  although  its  stages 
traversed  about  two  hundred  miles  per  diem,  its  record  was 
not  marred  by  a single  accident.  In  politics,  prior  to  the 
outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  he  was  a supporter  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic party,  but  upon  the  initiation  of  active  hostilities 
was  one  of  the  first  to  abandon  his  ancient  allies  and  join 
the  Union  party  as  a war-Democrat.  With  that  organiza- 
tion he  acted  during  the  ensuing  struggle.  In  1861  he  ran 
as  an  Independent  candidate,  against  the  regular  Dem- 
ocratic nominee,  for  the  Legislature  of  his  State,  and  was 
defeated  by  only  five  votes  in  Hocking  county,  which  had 
during  an  extended  period  of  time  given  an  average  majority 


of  seven  hundred  for  the  regular  Democratic  ticket.  Colonel 
Rempel,  in  politics  and  representing  local  affairs,  is  classed 
among  the  independent  men  of  the  State;  with  strong  attach- 
ment to  friends,  is  fearlessly  carrying  out  his  own  sentiments, 
if  in  opposition  to  local  popularity,  and  supporting  with  force 
of  character  his  own  conviction  of  policy  in  local  interests  and 
improvements.  December  3d,  1861,  he  was  appointed,  by 
Governor  Dennison,  Superintendent  of  Ohio  troops  in  West 
Virginia,  with  the  rank  of  Captain  of  Cavalry;  and  on  the 
following  December  5th  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of  the  58th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. From  December  5th,  1861,  until  his  regiment  was 
ordered  to  the  front  he  was  acting  Post  Commander  at  Camp 
Chase.  P'ebruary  loth,  1862,  his  regiment  was  assigned  to 
General  Thayer’s  brigade,  division  of  General  Lew  Wallace. 
On  the  succeeding  February  13th  he  was  with,  and  in  com- 
mand of,  his  regiment  at  the  important  battle  of  Fort  Don- 
elson.  The  following  lines,  from  “ Ohio  in  the  War,”  tell 
their  own  story  : “ Preparations  were  at  once  made  to  take 
part  in  the  assault  on  the  fort.  The  colonel  being  sick,  the 
second  officer,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Rempel,  took  command. 
He  led  the  regiment  at  once  toward  the  enemy.  After 
moving  a short  distance  a furious  attack  was  made  by  the 
enemy,  but  the  shock  was  met  with  coolness,  and  ended 
with  the  rebels  being  hurled  back  into  their  intrench- 
ments.”  P'ebruary  14th,  1862,  he,  with  his  regiment,  was 
the  first  to  enter  on  the  right  of  the  rebel  batteries,  fronting 
the  Nashville  road.  There,  forming  a square,  he  received 
the  surrender  of  the  confederate  artillery  commanders,  who 
were  afterward  sent  to  Camp  Chase,  Columbus,  Ohio.  His 
regiment  participated  afterward  in  the  battle  of  Pittsburgh 
Landing  and  in  several  other  prominent  actions.  For  his 
services  in  the  army  he  received  the  highest  commendation 
from  his  superior  officers,  especially  from  Generals  Thayer, 
Wallace,  Strickland  and  McClernand,  who,  in  official  re- 
ports, commended  his  capacity  and  gallantly.  After  his 
promotion  to  the  office  of  Provost-Marshal  of  the  army,  at 
Pittsburgh  Landing,  he  became  prominently  connected 
with  the  leading  officers  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and 
acted  an  important  part  in  the  refutation  of  the  malicious 
charges  then  preferred  against  General  Grant.  On  this  oc- 
casion he  reported  the  facts  to  President  Lincoln,  and  also 
to  the  different  departments.  He  held  the  office  of  Provost- 
Marshal  until  he  resigned  his  commission,  in  August,  1862, 
in  order  to  resume  the  conduct  of  his  extensive  business, 
which  had  been  suffering  through  his  protracted  absence. 
Upon  his  return  from  the  army  he  was  appointed  Provost- 
Marshal  in  his  district,  and  held  this  office  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  That  position,  owing  to  the  prevailing  senti- 
ment against  the  draft  in  Hocking  county,  was  encompassed 
with  difficulties,  but  he  was  constrained  to  accept  it  through 
the  earnest  solicitations  of  the  best  citizens  of  both  the  two 
great  political  parties,  and  its  duties  were  performed  by  him 
in  an  entirety  satisfactory  manner.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed  District  Revenue  Inspector,  and,  under  special 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


569 


orders,  visited  several  important  cities  of  the  West.  He 
retained  this  office  until  it  was  abolished.  He  has  also 
acted  as  Deputy  United  States  Marshal,  under  A.  C.  .Sands, 
General  Hickenlooper  and  Major  Thrall.  At  the  time 
of  the  invasion  of  Ohio  by  the  rebels,  under  General  John 
Morgan,  he  was  noted  as  an  active  spirit,  and,  in  command 
of  a volunteer  company,  continued  in  pursuit  of  the  guerilla 
chief  until  his  final  capture.  After  the  war  he  resumed  his 
operations  in  real  estate.  In  1871  his  enterprise  and  public 
spirit  found  expression  in  the  construction  of  a superb  opera 
house  in  his  adopted  town,  a structure  which  reflects  great 
credit  upon  the  city  and  upon  the  builder,  and  will  long 
stand  as  a monument  of  his  industry  and  success.  He  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  property  holders  in  the  county,  and 
deservedly  takes  rank  among  the  influential  and  valued 
members  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives  and  among 
the  leading  citizens  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  Through  his  in- 
fluence with  the  Post-office  Department  he  has  thoroughly 
revised  and  increased  the  mail  facilities  of  the  county,  and 
in  various  other  ways  has  aided  importantly  in  increasing 
its  general  welfare  and  prosperity.  Colonel  Rempel  has 
served  as  Postmaster,  and  repeatedly  as  a member  of  the 
Council  of  Logan,  and  as  Bank  Director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Logan,  in  all  of  which  his  ability  was 
manifested  and  generally  acknowledged. 


'ASSAUREK,  FREDERICK,  Law'yer,  Journalist 
and  Author,  was  born  in  Vienna,  Austria,  October 
8th,  1832.  The  revolution  of  1848  found  him  a 
boy  at  college,  where  he  participated,  as  a mem- 
ber of  the  Academic  Legion,  in  the  defence  of  his 
native  city  against  the  Imperial  troops.  In  1849 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  and  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
found  employment  as  sub-editor  and  translator  on  the  Ohio 
Slants  Zeihing,  a German  daily  newspaper.  During  the 
following  year  he  commenced  the  publication  of  Der  Hoch- 
wdchter,  a weekly  journal,  which  he  sold  after  several  years 
of  prosperous  management.  Having  studied  law,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  soon  acquired  a lucrative 
practice.  Taking  a natural  interest  in  the  politics  of  the 
day,  he  became  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Republican 
party  in  Ohio,  and  one  of  its  most  prominent  speakers,  both 
in  German  and  English.  In  1861  President  Lincoln  ap- 
pointed him  Minister  Resident  to  the  South  American 
Republic  of  Ecuador,  with  which  he  concluded  a treaty 
securing  the  establishment  of  a mixed  commission  for  the 
settlement  of  claims.  Under  this  treaty  he  acted  as  Com- 
missioner on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  some  of  his 
decisions  have  frequently  been  cited  before  similar  commis- 
sions, and  also  by  the  Congressional  Committees  on  Foreign 
Affairs.  In  1865  he  resigned  the  mission  to  Ecuador,  and 
during  the  same  year  was  connected  as  partner  with  the 
Daily  Volkshlatt,  the  leading  German  newspaper  of  Cincin- 

72 


nati.  This  journal  is  now  the  property  of  a company,  of 
which  he  is  the  President.  He  is  also  its  editor-in-chief. 
The  result  of  his  South  American  observations  and  re- 
searches he  published  in  a book,  entitled  “ Four  Years 
Among  .Spanish-.\mericans.”  He  is  the  author  of  a ro- 
mance, now  in  the  press,  and  numerous  essays  on  various 
subjects.  He  is  concerned  in  all  movements  of  importance 
to  the  city  and  State,  and  ever  manifests  in  his  labors  a 
large  public  spirit. 


jgODDARD,  HON.  CHARLES  BACKUS,  Lawyer, 
was  born,  1796,  in  Plainfield,  Connecticut,  and 


was  a son  of  Hon.  Calvin  Goddard,  a distin- 
guished advocate  and  counsellor  at  law.  Fle 
received  a superior  academic  education  prepara- 
tory to  entering  Yale  College,  and  graduated 
from  that  seminary  in  the  class  of  1814.  He  subsequently 
entered  the  office  of  his  father,  then  residing  in  Norwich, 
with  whom  he  commenced  the  study  of  law,  completing  his 
readings  under  the  preceptorship  of  Judge  Griswold,  of 
Lyme.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Connecticut,  and 
removed  to  Ohio,  settling  at  Zanesville,  where,  in  1817,  he 
w.as  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Ohio  courts.  He  at  once 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that  town, 
which  he  had  made  his  residence,  and  continued  there 
until  his  death,  nearly  half  a centuiy  afterw'ards.  He  was 
twice  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State, 
and  also  twice  to  the  State  Senate,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
latter  body  during  one  term.  He  married  a daughter  of 
Daniel  Converse,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Muskingum  county. 
He  died  in  Zanesville,  February  ist,  1864. 


RMSTRONG,  FRANK  A.,  Manager  of  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company  and  Member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  of  Cincinnati,  was  born 
in  Cincinnati  in  1838.  His  father,  Frank  N. 
Armstrong,  has  been  a resident  of  Cincinnati  for 
fifty  years.  He  himself  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  that  city.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
entered  the  office  of  the  old  O’Riley  line  of  telegraphs,  as  a 
messenger,  and  has  been  uninterruptedly  engaged  in  the 
telegraph  business  ever  since;  but  one  man  in  Cincinnati  has 
now  been  longer  connected  with  it  than  he.  Mr.  Armstrong 
is  a member  of  the  National  Telegraphers’  Life  Associa- 
tion, and  is  its  agent  in  Cincinnati,  has  frequently  been  the 
Cincinnati  delegate  to  the  New  York  Conventions,  and  has 
been  otherwise  prominent  in  telegraph  affairs.  In  1872  he 
was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  1874 
he  was  again  elected  to  that  body  and  is  one  of  its  most 
earnest  and  efficient  working  members.  In  the  great  Bible 
contest  in  the  schools  of  Cincinnati,  Mr.  Armstrong  took  an 


570 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


active  outside  stand  against  the  sacred  volume  in  the  schools. 
During  this  long  career  he  has  occupied  the  various  inter- 
mediate positions,  until  several  years  ago  he  vras  made 
Manager  of  the  Cincinnati  Offices  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company.  He  began  when  telegraphy  was  in 
its  infancy  in  this  country — when  but  four  or  five  opera- 
tors were  partially  employed  in  Cincinnati — when  busi- 
ness men  were  content  to  receive  answer,  at  high  rates, 
from  New  York  in  a day,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most 
thoroughly  posted  and  representative  telegraph  men  of  the 
country.  He  possesses  those  traits  of  character  which  al- 
ways distinguish  the  uncompromising  opponent  in  questions 
of  principle,  as  well  as  enthusiastic  support  and  attachment 
in  friendship  and  conscientious  advocacy  of  right.  He  is 
largely  political  in  his  aspirations,  and  here,  as  in  social  and 
business  affairs,  is  deservedly  popular.  He  is  yet  a young 
man,  with  an  enviable  career  before  him.  In  1863  he  was 
married  to  S.  Bella  Peel. 


i^EYS,  JOHN  FINLEY,  one  of  the  leading  pioneer 
merchants  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Maytown, 
Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  27th,  1786. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  the  three  sons  of  Richard 
Keys,  the  son  of  James  Keys,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  the  north  of  Ireland  about  the  year 
1750,  and  settled  in  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania.  Richard 
Keys  was  born  in  1760,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  became 
a lieutenant  in  the  revolutionary  army.  He  was  afterwards 
married  to  Maiy  Bayley,  daughter  of  James  Bayley,  also 
from  the  same  part  of  Ireland.  After  Richard’s  marriage 
he  lived  at  Anderson’s  Ferry,  or  Marietta,  on  the  Susque- 
hanna river,  then  at  Maytown,  and  in  l8oi  removed  to 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  began  his  career  as  a business  man  in  a 
shipping  and  commission  house.  In  1809  he  was  sent  to 
the  West  Indies  on  business  of  great  importance  connected 
with  his  house.  Executing  this  mission  with  satisfaction, 
he  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  in  August  of  the  following 
year  was  married  to  Margaret  Barr,  sister  of  Major  William 
Barr.  In  December  of  the  same  year  he  moved  to  Cincin- 
nati. Remaining  but  a few  months,  in  the  spring  of  181 1 he 
took  up  his  residence  in  Chillicothe.  There  the  mercantile 
house  of  Barr  & Keys  was  formed,  and  carried  on  an  exten- 
sive and  successful  business  until  in  1815,  when  he  again 
returned  to  Baltimore,  and  became  a member  of  the  firm  of 
B.irr,  Keys  & Welsh.  But  finding  it  to  his  taste  and  advan- 
tage, in  1817  he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  with  a view  to  making 
it  his  permanent  home.  And  there  he  did,  indeed,  remain 
for  nearly  fifty  years,  only  a few  years  before  his  death  re- 
siding at  Glendale.  During  the  greater  part  of  that  long 
period  he  was  actively  engaged  in  business,  and  was  thor- 
oughly identified  with  all  the  best  interests  of  the  city.  He 
came  to  Cincinnati  when  it  was  without  the  pretensions  of 


a city,  being  but  a village.  In  1818  he  himself  built  the 
first  three-story  brick  house  ever  erected  in  that  city.  This 
building  stood  on  the  south  side  of  Pearl  street.  He  also 
built,  and  for  years  occupied,  the  frame  mansion  at  the  foot 
of  Vine  Street  Hill,  now  a part  of  the  McMicken  estate, 
and  constituting  a part  of  the  McMicken  University  grounds. 
This  was  then  in  the  W'oods,  far  beyond  the  village  or  towm 
limits.  Few  men  were  so  long  uninterruptedly  concerned 
in  the  growth  and  business  of  the  city  as  Mr.  Keys.  And 
doubtlessly  no  man  ever  lived  more  in  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  the  people  of  Cincinnati.  Soon  after  his  location 
in  Chillicothe,  he  was  elected  Ruling  Elder  in  the  Presby- 
terian Church  of  that  place.  This  position  he  filled  in  the 
various  churches  with  w'hich  he  was  connected  until  his 
death.  In  this  long  Christian  record  his  great  effort  was  to 
illustrate  his  faith  by  his  works,  and  in  the  church  history 
of  Cincinnati,  probably  few  men  can  be  found  w'ho  suc- 
ceeded better  in  this  difficult  undertaking.  His  family 
relations  were,  like  those  of  his  church  and  society  at  large, 
of  the  most  exemplary  character.  This  he  realized  in  his 
declining  years,  by  the  great  care  bestowed  upon  him  by 
his  children.  Four  of  his  family  of  eight  children  are  now 
living  in  Cincinnati,  and  are  knowm  as  W'orthy  followers  of 
their  universally  esteemed  Christian  father.  At  his  home 
in  Glendale,  on  the  19th  day  of  May,  1865,  this  Christian 
pioneer  passed  away,  with  the  words  upon  his  lips,  “ May 
the  Lord  not  long  delay  his  coming.” 


RRETSON,  JOSEPH,  M.  D.,  Homceopathic 
Physician,  was  born,  February  27th,  1808,  in 
York  county,  Pennsylvania.  His  parents  w’ere  of 
English  origin,  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
and  followed  an  agricultural  life.  He  attended 
the  country  school  near  his  home  in  early  youth, 
and  upon  his  father’s  removal,  in  1821,  to  New  Lisbon, 
Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  resumed  his  .studies  in  the 
schools  which  that  place  afforded.  When  sixteen  years  old 
he  left  home,  and  began  life  for  himself  in  a tannery  at 
Salem,  Ohio.  After  working  for  four  years  at  this  locality, 
he  joined  his  father,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  in  a tannery  which 
the  latter  had  purchased  at  New  Lisbon,  meanwhile  becom- 
ing a student  in  the  private  medical  school  of  Dr.  George 
McCook  in  that  town.  For  five  years  he  worked  with  his 
father  and  studied  with  the  doctor.  He  then  removed  to 
Marlborough,  Stark  county,  and  joined  his  cousin.  Dr.  Ker- 
sey Thomas,  with  whom  he  remained  two  years.  About  this 
time  he  became  acquainted  with  Dr.  Lee,  of  Ravenna,  and 
was  led  to  investigate  and  finally  adopt  homoeopathy.  Being 
sanguine  of  its  superiority  over  the  allopathic  school,  and  its 
final  triumph  among  the  intelligent  masses,  he  removed  to 
New  Richmond,  Ohio,  and  vigorously  commenced  his  med- 
ical career.  He  remained  there  four  years,  but  believing  a 
larger  field  was  now  necessary  he  went  to  Richmond,  In- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 


571 


cliana,  where  he  sojourned  for  eleven  years,  guietly  con- 
quering much  of  the  opposition  and  ridicule  then  so  preva- 
lent against  the  school  of  Hahnemann.  Becoming  unsatis- 
fied, however,  with  his  limited  field,  at  the  end  of  this  long 
practice  in  Richmond,  among  the  numerous  friends  and 
acquaintances  gathered  around  him,  he  concluded  to  pro- 
ceed to  Cincinnati,  and  in  1865  joined  his  brother.  Dr. 
Jesse  Garretson,  in  that  city.  After  six  years  copartnership 
he  found  it  to  his  advantage  to  withdraw  from  this  connec- 
tion, and  as  his  son  George,  after  leaving  the  Union  army 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  had  completed  his  medical 
education,  he  associated  the  latter  with  him  in  his  practice. 
He  was,  as  has  been  remarked  above,  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
homoeopathy,  commencing  when  there  were  no  schools  in- 
culcating that  theory,  and  the  new  dogma,  similia  similibits 
atranlur,  was  only  presented  for  approval  under  trying  cir- 
cumstances. He  thoroughly  mastered  the  hydropathic 
system,  and  at  present  attributes  his  great  success  to  his 
careful  handling  of  all  hygienic  means,  together  with  the 
indicated  homoeopathic  remedies  in  which  he  early  placed 
his  faith  and  staked  both  his  reputation  and  chances  of 
success.  To  him  the  practice  of  medicine  is  a principle  and 
want  of  his  life,  and  not  the  road  to  honor  or  the  accumula- 
tion of  W'orldly  goods.  Considering  the  great  mass  of  men, 
his  private  personal  habits  are  remarkable.  For  the  past 
fifty  years ’he  has  drank  neither  tea  nor  coffee;  for  forty 
years  he  has  eaten  no  meat  of  any  kind  w’hatever,  and  for 
sixteen  years  he  abstained  from  the  use  of  salt.  Respecting 
this  latter  article,  he  is  satisfied  that  its  disuse  has  been  of 
great  benefit  to  him ; moreover,  that  his  abstinence  from 
meats,  coffee  and  tea,  has  added  years  of  health  and  comfort 
to  his  life.  He  never  retires  at  night  without  a thorough 
dry  shampooing  from  head  to  feet,  and  immediately  on 
rising  indulges  in  a bath.  During  twenty-seven  years 
of  professional  life  he  has  never  been  prevented  from  at- 
tendance upon  a call,  by  reason  of  any  personal  ailment. 
He  was  married  in  1834  to  Caroline  Hughes,  of  Maryland, 
a member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  w'ho  died  April  12th, 
1874.  By  this  marriage  he  had  three  children,  two  of 
whom  survive.  He  was  married  a second  time  on  Septem- 
ber 22d,  1875. 


Thompson,  M.  F.,  was  bom,  June  7th,  1822,  in 
the  city  of  Wheeling  (now  West)  Virginia,  where 


a) 


C; 


I 


he  was  educated.  He  resided  there  until  1835, 
when  the  family  removed  to  Ohio,  locating  in  the 
village  of  Hebron,  Licking  county.  Shortly  after 
becoming  settled,  he  entered  the  service  of  Cully 
& Taylor,  the  most  prominent  merchants,  pork  packers,  and 
grain  dealers  in  the  place.  He  lived  with  the  family  of  the 
senior  partner,  receiving  sixty  dollars  the  first  year  for  his 
services  in  addition  to  his  board.  After  remaining  with 
them  three  years  he  went  to  Zanesville,  where  he  found  im- 


mediate employment  as  a salesman  in  the  dry-goods  estab- 
lishment of  Taylor  & Brother.  His  engagement  here  lasted 
several  years,  but  being  somewhat  ambitious  to  move  in  a 
wider  field,  he  resigned  his  position,  and  left  for  Cincinnati, 
where  he  arrived  in  April,  1843.  He  was  accompanied  by 
a friend  who  was  under  an  engagement  to  enter  the  employ 
of  Robert  Hazlett  as  a clerk,  that  gentleman  intending  to 
open  a dry-goods  house  on  Fifth  street  west  of  Race,  which 
establishment  was  familiarly  known  as  the  Bee-Hive. 
Without  any  friends  in  the  city,  without  any  special  letters 
of  recommendation  other  than  testimonials  of  good  charac- 
ter and  capacity  for  business,  and  without  any  great  super- 
abundance of  means,  he  was  naturally  anxious  enough  to 
find  employment.  It  so  happened  that  the  proprietor  of  the 
Bee-Hive  concluded  that  he  might  find  him  to  be  of  service 
to  him,  and  he  was  immediately  installed  as  a salesman  in 
his  establishment.  During  his  connection  with  this  house 
he  became  largely  acquainted  with  the  best  families  in  the 
city,  and  numbered  among  them  many  warm  personal 
friends.  He  also  attended  a commercial  academy,  where 
he  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  double-entry  bookkeeping, 
and  fitted  himself  to  take  charge  of  the  books  and  counting- 
room  correspondence  of  a large  business.  Being  desirous 
of  obtaining  a position  in  a wholesale  house,  where  his  ac- 
quirements could  be  appreciated,  he  left  the  Bee-Hive  after 
several  years  of  service  therein,  and  entered  the  wholesale 
grocery  establishment  of  Thomas  II.  Minor  & Co.,  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  successful  houses  of  its  kind  in  the  city. 
At  this  time  he  received  for  his  services  a salary,  not  only 
sufficient  to  support  himself  comfortably,  but  also  to  en- 
able him  to  contribute  in  some  measure  to  the  help  of  some 
of  his  kindred.  He  remained  with  this  firm  for  several 
years,  during  which  time  there  existed  between  himself  and 
the  partners  the  most  agreeable  and  confidential  relations. 
At  the  instance  of  the  senior  partner,  he  was  solicited  to 
unite  with  Charles  Fisher — the  latter  having  been  a pork- 
packer  at  one  time— and  open  a wholesale  grocery  and 
commission  house,  without  any  cash  capital,  and  without 
any  absolute  knowledge  of  the  business  save  that  acquired 
through  a counting-room  education.  He  reluctantly  con- 
sented to  form  a copartnership,  and  business  was  commenced 
under  the  firm-name  of  Fisher  & Thompson.  By  close  ap- 
plication and  persistent  efforts  the  business  of  the  house, 
including  its  commission  sales,  reached  a very  respectable 
amount,  although  by  reason  of  the  depressed  condition  of 
the  country,  the  prevalence  of  the  cholera  during  the  sum- 
mers of  1848  and  1849,  ^^so  the  great  flood  during  the 
winter  of  1847-48,  the  profits  in  the  business  were  not  re- 
munerative, and  he  withdrew  from  the  concern.  During 
his  connection  with  this  enterprise,  the  firm  had  all  the  credit 
it  needed  for  the  prosecution  of  its  business,  with  anqile 
a.ssets  to  meet  the  liabilities.  He  next  engaged  with  the 
firm  of  Bates,  Whitcher  & Co.,  wholesale  dealers  in  hats, 
caps,  furs  and  straw  goods,  taking  charge  of  the  books,  cor- 
respondence and  finances,  which  position  he  retained  iqi  to 


572 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 


the  spring  of  1S54,  when  he,  with  W.  C.  Whitcher  as  a 
copartner,  purchased  the  stock  and  good-will  of  Ira  II. 
Chase,  who  was  then  retiring  from  the  hat  and  cap  business. 
The  new  firm  assumed  the  name  and  style  of  M.  F.  Thomp- 
son & Co.,  which  continued  until  the  death  of  W.  C.  Whit- 
cher, which  occurred  in  the  year  1862,  when  it  was  dissolved 
by  that  event.  lie  then  purchased  the  interest  of  his  late 
partner  from  the  estate,  assuming  and  liquidating  all  the  lia- 
bilities, and  in  addition  to  the  capital  contributed  by  his  late 
partner,  paid  to  the  administrators  of  the  estate  a profit  of 
nearly  j!!20,ooo.  He  has  since  associated  with  him  Charles 
S.  Goodrich  and  Calvin  Feeble,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Thompson,  Goodrich  & Co.,  and  continued  the  business. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  house  the  sales  were  small, 
but  steadily  increased,  and  in  no  small  measure  remunerative. 
It  has  been  a matter  for  congratulation  that  the  credit  of  the 
house  has  always  been  undoubted,  and  this  has  been  owing, 
not  so  much  to  the  amount  of  capital  invested,  as  to  the 
fact  that  their  engagements  have  ever  been  promptly  met, 
never  permitting  an  open  account  to  fully  mature,  nor  a note 
to  be  extended.  He  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  1857,  and  has  held  official  relations  for  the  past  fifteen 
years  in  the  congregations  of  which  he  has  been  and  is  a 
member.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  Mercantile 
Library  for  twenty  years  past,  and  was  in  the  Board  of 
Directors  in  the  year  1851.  He  was  married,  February 
17th,  1853,  to  Anna  Maria  Reakirt,  and  has  three  children 
living. 


‘'OLLIN.S,  GILBERT  G.,  Lawyer,  was  born 
Essex  county,  New  Jersey,  July  loth,  1S30.  He 
is  the  son  of  Andrew  T.  Collins  and  Mary 
(Green)  Collins;  his  father  was  of  English  and 
Irish  descent,  his  mother  of  Scotch  descent.  In 
the  spring  of  1839  he  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Franklin  county,  Ohio,  and  settled  near  Columbus,  where 
they  resided  until  the  decease  of  his  parents,  his  father 
being  a teacher  in  the  public  schools.  At  an  early  period 
he  became  a diligent  and  earnest  student,  and  acquired, 
largely  by  his  own  energy  and  industry,  a good  education. 
From  1854  to  1859  he  was  engaged  in  teaching,  and  in 
preparing  himself  to  enter  upon  the  study  of  the  law,  the 
profession  he  had  long  cherished.  In  March,  1859,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Messrs.  Dennison  & 
Carrington,  at  Columbus,  but  before  his  studies  were  com- 
pleted Mr.  Dennison  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio,  and 
Mr.  Carrington  was  appointed  Adjutant-General  of  the 
State,  and  Mr.  Collins  being  left  without  an  instructor  in 
the  law,  was  induced  to  accept  a position  as  Clerk  of  the 
Adjutant-General,  in  which  he  remained  during  the  early 
part  of  the  war  of  rebellion.  He  nevertheless  continued  to 
read  law,  and  in  March,  1861,  was  admitted  to  practise  in 
the  State  Courts,  and  afterwards  in  the  United  States 
Courts.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  commenced  the  practice 


of  law  in  connection  with  Mr.  Dennison,  whose  term  of 
office  as  Governor  had  expired.  They  continueo  in  asso- 
ciation for  about  two  years,  when  Mr.  Dennison,  being  ten- 
dered the  office  of  Postmaster-General  by  President  Lincoln 
and  accepting  the  position,  Mr.  Collins  continued  the  prac- 
tice. Politically  he  is  a Republican,  and  has  been  since  the 
party  was  first  organized,  but  has  never  taken  an  active  part 
in  politics.  In  1873  he  consented  to  become  the  Republi- 
can candidate  for  the  office  of  City  Solicitor  of  Columbus, 
and  although  his  party  was  greatly  in  the  minority,  he  was 
elected,  and  held  the  office  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
conducted  the  business  of  his  department  with  ability  and 
success.  He  inaugurated  a system  of  retrenchment  and 
reform  in  the  administration  of  the  city  government,  that  has 
placed  the  city  upon  a sound  and  safe  financial  basis,  and 
insured  its  credit  at  home  and  abroad.  He  has  been  for  a 
number  of  years  past  prominently  connected  with  the  va- 
rious interests  of  Columbus,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
extending  and  building  up  the  city,  and  establishing  manu- 
facturing and  various  other  industries  and  enterprises  that 
are  making  it  a thriving  and  prosperous  community,  and 
benefiting  all  central  Ohio.  As  a lawyer  he  stands  well, 
and  has  an  extensive  practice.  He  is  a man  of  strict  in- 
tegrity, and  possesses  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
community. 

ECHMANN,  CHARLES  V.,  Civil  Engineer  and 
Lawyer,  was  born,  October  13th,  1820,  in 

Rothenfels,  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  Germany, 
and  is  the  fifth  of  eleven  children,  whose  parents 
were  Ludwig  and  Euphrosine  (Finkj^lechmann, 
both  natives  of  Baden,  and  died  there.  He  re- 
ceived a liberal  education,  and  in  1845  graduated  from  the 
Polytechnic  Institute  of  Carlsruhe,  Germany.  His  first  oc- 
cupation after  graduation  was  that  of  a Civil  Engineer  in  the 
service  of  the  government,  in  which  he  continued  until  the 
revolution  of  1848  broke  out.  Having  sympathized  with 
this  movement  and  rendered  assistance  to  tho.se  engaged  in 
this  movement  against  the  government,  he  as  an  officer  of 
the  army  was  forced  to  seek  safety  in  flight,  and  in  1850 
landed  at  New  York.  He  remained  in  that  city  some  two 
months,  making  window  blinds,  and  thence  removed  to 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  where  he  jiassed  a year,  having  found 
employment  as  a trunk  maker.  In  March,  1851,  he  went  to 
Cincinnati,  and  became  engaged  with  Architect  Rodgers  as 
a draughtsman,  remaining  with  him  a year;  and  subse- 
quently practised  his  profession  as  Civil  Engineer  and  Ar- 
chitect for  five  years.  At  this  time  he  was  appointed  by 
Secretary  S.  P.  Chase,  Assistant  Internal  Revenue  Collector, 
in  which  position  he  served  until  1865.  He  was  then 
elected  a member  of  City  Council,  serving  as  such  for  two 
years,  up  to  the  close  of  1866.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
County  Commissioner,  and  held  that  office  until  1870.  He 
then  commenced  the  practice  of  law,  which,  with  his  duties 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


573 


as  Magistrate,  has  confined  his  attention  to  the  present 
time.  His  political  views  are  those  of  the  liberal  Repub- 
licans. He  was  m.^rried,  in  March,  1850,  to  Magdalena 
Gangwisch,  who  died  in  leaving  one  child.  He  was 

married  the  same  year  to  Margaretta  Zwicker. 


2 IRTLAND,  JARED  POTTER,  M.  D.,  EL.  D„ 
Scientist,  was  born,  November  loth,  1793, 
Connecticut,  and  was  the  son  of  Tarhand  and 
fj  Mary  (Potter)  Kirtland,  and  grandson  of  the  late 
Jared  Potter,  a distinguished  physician  of  Wal- 
lingford, Connecticut.  He  was  adopted  into  the 
family  of  his  grandfather,  and  from  him  and  the  common 
schools  he  acquired  his  early  education.  His  father  being 
largely  interested,  in  1799  was  appointed  General  Agent  of 
the  Connecticut  Land  Company,  and  in  1803  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  Poland,  Mahoning  county,  Ohio.  From 
1807  to  1810  Jared  pursued  his  classical  studies  in  the 
Wallingford  and  Cheshire  academies.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
he  was  an  expert  at  budding  and  engrafting,  and  a student 
of  the  Linnaan  system  of  botany.  He  also,  with  some 
assistance,  managed  the  extensive  orchards  of  white  mul- 
berry trees  established  by  his  grandfather  for  the  cultivation 
of  silk-worms.  In  1810  his  father  became  alarmed  on 
account  of  his  health,  and  sent  for  him  to  come  West ; and 
in  May  of  that  year,  accompanied  by  Joshua  Stow,  of  Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut,  he  started  on  horseback  for  Ohio. 
At  Lowville  he  was  joined  by  Alfred  Kelly,  on  his  way  to 
Cleveland.  June  4th  the  parly  reached  Conneaut  Creek, 
where  Judge  Stow  had  landed  with  General  Cleveland’s 
party,  July  4thj  1776.  At  Painesville  they  met  General 
Simon  Perkins,  and  journeyed  with  him  to  Warren,  and 
thence,  by  way  of  Youngstown,  another  day’s  journey 
brought  young  Kirtland  to  Poland,  where  he  found  his 
father,  who  had  recovered  from  his  supposed  dangerous 
illness.  He  was  .soon  engaged  in  teaching  school.  In 
1811  his  grandfather  died  suddenly,  and  left  him  his  medi- 
cal libraiy  and  money  enough  to  attend  the  medical  school 
in  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  On  his  return  to  Wallingford  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  John 
Andrews,  and  later  in  that  of  Dr.  Sylvester  Wells,  of  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  both  of  whom  had  been  pupils  of  his 
grandfather.  In  1813  he  was  well  fitted  to  enter  Edin- 
burgh College,  but  the  war  with  Great  Britain  prevented  ; 
and  as  the  medical  department  of  Yale  College  would  go 
into  operation  the  ensuing  winter,  it  received  and  recorded 
his  name  as  the  first  on  the  matriculation  book  of  that  insti- 
tution. The  class  of  that  term  consisted  of  thirty-eight 
members,  among  whom  were  Beriah  Douglas,  father  of 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  John  A.  Tomlinson,  father  of 
Mrs.  Belknap,  the  wife  of  the  ex-Secretary  of  War.  While  at 
Yale  he  received  private  instruction  in  botany  from  Pro- 
fessor Ives,  and  in  mineralogy  and  geology  from  Professor 


Sillman,  and  made  also  great  progress  in  the  science  of 
zoology  without  a teacher.  After  one  year  at  Yale  his 
health  required  him  to  take  a vacation,  which  was  passed  at 
Wallingford  during  a time  of  general  sickness.  As  a phy- 
sician, quasi,  he  was  very  succe.ssful  in  administering  to  the 
sick.  He  then  entered  the  celebrated  medical  school  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia.  In  1815 
he  returned  to  Yale  and  graduated,  and  at  once  settled 
down  to  practise  in  Wallingford,  Connecticut,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  and  superintended  his  grandmother’s 
farm,  and  in  his  spare  hours  studied  geology,  ornithology, 
and  horticulture.  In  1818  he  again  journeyed  to  Poland 
and  made  arrangements  to  remove  his  family.  But  during 
his  absence  he  was  elected,  against  his  expressed  wishes. 
Probate  Judge,  and  he  felt  compelled  to  accept  the  office, 
and  performed  its  duties,  with  the  aid  of  a clerk,  until  he 
was  invited  to  settle  as  a physician  in  Durham,  Connecti- 
cut, where  he  remained  until  1823,  when  the  death  of  his 
wife  and  daughter  occurred.  He  then  settled  his  business, 
and  with  his  father,  who  was  on  a visit  at  his  house,  re- 
turned to  Ohio.  Although  he  did  not  intend  to  practise 
medicine,  but  to  be  a farmer  and  merchant,  calls  were  con- 
stantly made  upon  him,  and  finally  he  associated  with  him 
Dr.  Eli  Mygatt,  an  able  physician.  In  1828  he  was  elected 
a representative  to  the  Legislature,  where  he  succeeded  in 
putting  an  end  to  close  confinement  in  the  State’s  prison 
and  in  deriving  a profit  from  the  labor  of  the  convicts,  so 
that  he  was  called  “ the  father  of  the  new  penitentiary.” 
He  continued  in  the  Legislature  through  three  successive 
terms;  in  the  last  he  succeeded  in  carrying  through  the  bill 
for  chartering  the  Ohio  & Pennsvivania  Canal.  It  was 
opposed  by  the  Beaver  Canal  Company,  which  had  pre- 
viously obtained  a charter.  In  1837  he  accepted  the  Chair 
of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  in  the  Ohio  Medi- 
cal College,  at  Cincinnati,  and  continued  in  that  institution 
until  1842,  when  he  resigned.  In  1848,  when  the  first 
geological  survey  of  Ohio  was  made,  he  took  part  as  an 
assistant  of  the  natural  history  of  the  State.  His  reports 
embrace  a catalogue  of  the  fishes,  birds,  reptiles,  and  mol- 
lusks  of  Ohio,  and  were  published  in  the  Boston  yottrnal 
of  Natural  Sciences  and  in  the  Family  Visitor.  He  com- 
menced a cabinet  of  Ohio  mammals,  birds,  reptiles,  insects, 
and  a perfected  cabinet  of  the  land  and  fresh-water  shells 
of  Ohio.  The  I.egislature  stopped  the  survey,  and  ulti- 
mately he  donated  his  collections  to  the  Cleveland  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  History.  In  1837  he  had  made  his  residence 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Cleveland,  where  he  purchased  a 
fruit  farm.  In  1841  he  accepted  the  Chair  of  Theory  and 
Practice  and  Physical  Diagnosis  in  the  Willoughby  Medical 
.School,  where  he  lectured  one  year.  In  1843  he  filled  a 
similar  chair  in  the  new  medical  department  of  Western 
Reserve  College,  in  Cleveland,  and  continued  in  it  until 
1864.  In  1834  he  announced  the  existence  of  sex  among 
the  naiades — this  was  in  Vol.  XXVI.  of  the  “American 
Journal  of  Art  and  Science.”  He  decided  that  the  fresh- 


574 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


water  shells  of  Ohio  were  of  different  sexes,  not  hermaphro- 
dite, as  had  been  supposed.  The  translators  of  the  Ger- 
man “ Encyclopaedia  Sconographie  ” attempted  to  refute  it. 
But  Professor  Agassiz  said : “ Dr.  Kirtland’s  views  are 
entirely  correct,  and  have  been  sustained  by  my  own  and 
the  German  naturalists’  investigations.”  Siebold,  Dr. 
Burnett,  Charles  Knight’s  “ English  Cyclopaedia,”  and 
Isaac  I.ea  also  sustained  his  views.  He  made  other  most 
wonderful  discoveries  among  the  fishes.  Space  will  not 
permit  the  recounting  of  his  successes  in  scientific  fanning ; 
but  he  experimented  constantly  from  1812  to  1847,  with 
great  results.  In  1861  the  College  of  Williamsburg,  Massa- 
chusetts, conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  but  at 
home  he  is  known  as  “ The  Sage  of  Rockport.”  When  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  came  he  offered  his  services  to  Gover- 
nor Todd,  and  as  Examining  Surgeon  for  the  recruits  of 
the  old  regiment  at  Columbus.  Later,  he  was  detailed  to 
examine  several  thousand  men  who  were  drafted.  He 
donated  all  of  his  pay  to  the  bounty  fund  of  Rockport  and 
to  the  Soldiers’  Aid  Society.  He  was  President  of  the 
State  Medical  Society  of  Ohio  for  one  year,  and  for  many 
years  President  of  the  Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  and  of  Kirtland  Society  of  Natural  History,  in 
Cleveland.  At  the  age  of  seventy  he  declined  to  lecture 
on  any  subject,  believing  that  economy  of  time  was  as 
necessary  to  intellectual  success  as  financial  success.  He 
had  printed  over  his  table  the  motto,  “ Time  is  money ; I 
have  none  of  either  to  spare.”  Of  his  long  life  and  great 
labors  more  than  half  have  been  given  to  the  public  with- 
out compensation.  When  by  long  and  tedious  experiments 
he  found  fruits  especially  adapted  to  Ohio,  slips,  seeds,  and 
young  trees  were  gratuitously  distributed  throughout  the 
country.  He  received  the  title  of  Philosopher  from  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  in  January,  1875.  He 
was  married  in  1815  to  Caroline  Atwater,  of  Wallingford, 
Connecticut.  Three  children  were  born  to  them,  but  only 
one  lived — the  wife  of  Charles  Pease.  In  1824  or  1825  he 
was  again  married  to  Hann.ah  Fitch  Toucey,  of  Newtown, 
Connecticut.  Those  who  are  qualified  to  judge  of  him 
say,  “ His  eminent  success  in  the  field  of  science  is  attrib- 
utable to  his  untiring  industry  and  in  his  inextinguishable 
thirst  for  knowledge.”  He  is  still  living. 


EHRENBATCH,  HON.  JOHN,  Member  of  the 
Sixty-second  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  was 
born  at  Rochester,  New  York,  June  29th,  1844, 
of  French  parentage.  Left  motherless  at  the 
tender  age  of  three  years,  and  compelled,  through 
the  poverty  of  his  father,  to  go  into  the  workshop 
in  his  eighth  year,  he  entered  that  school  of  hardship  and 
toil  which  has  given  to  the  world  its  ablest  orators,  states- 
men, and  leaders.  He  first  commenced  work  in  a woollen 
manufactory,  being  necessitated  to  begin  work  at  six  o’clock 


in  the  morning  and  continue  until  seven  in  the  evening. 
He  obtained  the  rudiments  of  a common  school  education 
by  walking  from  the  shop  two  miles  to  a night  school,  and 
after  school  walking  home,  a distance  of  two  miles  more, 
and  doing  this  without  his  supper,  and  after  working  hard 
for  twelve  hours  each  day.  This  he  continued  for  five 
winters.  In  1857  his  father  bound  him  as  an  apprentice  to 
a blacksmith.  He  served  out  his  time,  and  in  April,  i860, 
for  the  first  time  left  his  home,  going  to  Peterborough, 
Ontario,  and  landing  there  with  ten  cents  in  silver  as  his 
worldly  possessions.  Greatly  desiring  to  be  a machinist,  he 
here  learned  that  trade,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  time 
started  for  Ohio,  reachingiCleveland  in  August,  1863.  He 
worked  at  this  trade  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Evansville  and 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  and  Nashville,  Tennessee,  at  which 
place  he  was  employed  by  the  government  on  the  United 
States  Military  Railroad  during  a portion  of  the  war.  In 
1865  he  returned  to  Indianapolis  and  went  through  a course 
in  Purdue  College  (evenings),  working  during  the  day. 
While  at  Evansville,  in  1864,  he  connected  himself  with 
the  Machinists’  and  Blacksmiths’  Union,  No.  5,  of  Indiana, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  Vice-President  of  Union 
No.  4,  of  that  State.  In  1865  he  was  elected  Special  Cor- 
responding Secretary  of  Union  No.  4,  with  instructions  to 
open  a correspondence  with  the  various  trades’  organiza- 
tions throughout  the  State,  with  a view  to  obtain  mutual 
action  on  the  eight  hour  question.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 

year  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Eight  Hour 

League  of  Indiana.  Mr.  Fehrenbatch  was  elected  as  dele- 
gate to  the  special  sessions  of  the  National  Labor  Union, 
held  in  New  York  city  in  July,  1868.  In  the  fall  of  1870 

he  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Rochester,  New  York. 

Here  he  remained  six  months,  working  with  untiring 
energy  and  zeal  for  the  building  up  of  the  Union  in  that 
city,  and  with  very  flattering  results.  In  September,  1872, 
he  was  elected  President  of  the  Machinists’  and  Black- 
smiths’ International  Union,  at  a convention  of  that  body, 
held  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  started  in  April,  1872,  on  an 
organizing  tour  through  the  Southern,  a portion  of  the 
Middle,  and  the  Western  States,  and  met  with  great  suc- 
cess. His  labors  were  continued  until  the  meeting  of  the 
International  Union,  in  Albany,  New  York,  in  September, 
1872,  when  he  was  re-elected  by  a vote  which  showed  that 
his  labors  were  duly  appreciated.  Shortly  after  the  conven- 
tion, in  connection  with  M.  A.  Foran,  William  Saffin,  and 
Harry  Walle,  he  commenced  an  agitation  which  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  the  Industrial  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  of  which  he  was  elected  the  first  President.  From 
the  adjournment  of  the  congress  up  to  the  present  time  he 
has  labored  assiduously  for  the  advancement  of,  not  only 
the  interests  and  welfare  of  the  machinists  and  blacksmiths 
of  America,  but  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  all  who  seek 
a livelihood  by  honest  industry.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  House  of  Representatives,  on  the  Republican  ticket, 
from  Cuyahoga  county,  in  1875.  He  was  married  at  In- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


575 


dianapolis,  May  20th,  1S65,  to  Margaret  Wells.  His  wife 
dying  in  1S69,  he  married,  in  1S72,  Lucetta  Barnes,  of 
Cleveland.  He  has  three  children,  a son  and  two  daughters. 


yXUMPS,  HON.  JOSEPH  C.,  Member  of  the 
Sixty-second  General  Assembly  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Hocking  county,  Ohio,  January  20th,  1824. 
He  is  the  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Culp)  Stumps. 
His  father  was  a farmer,  and  his  advantages  for 
an  education  were  limited  to  the  winter  terms  of 
the  district  school.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood.  Taught 
school  seven  years;  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  two 
terms.  He  learned  the  trade  of  wool-carding  and  followed 
it  seven  years.  He  was  married  in  May,  1844,  to  Malinda 
Julian,  and  in  1863  removed  to  Van  Wert  county,  where 
he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  where  he  still  re- 
sides. His  wife  having  died,  he  married,  in  1872,  Dorothy 
Conrad.  He  was  elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  in  October,  1875, 
and  is  holding  this  position  at  the  present  time  (April, 
1876). 


ITCHCOCK,  HON.  PETER,  Lawyer,  and  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  was  the  youngest 
of  eight  children  of  Valentine  and  Sarah  Hitch- 
cock, of  Cheshire,  Connecticut,  and  was  born 
October  19th,  1781.  His  parents  were  pious,  and 
the  influence  of  their  fidelity  in  his  early  religious 
training  and  instruction  was  never  obliterated  by  the  cares 
and  temptations  of  a busy  public  life.  Like  many  others 
who  have  risen  to  posts  of  distinguished  usefulness  and 
honor,  he  was  dependent,  in  part,  on  his  own  exertions  for 
the  means  of  securing  a liberal  education.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  College,  in  the  class  of  1801.  He  then  pursued  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Barzillai  Slosson,  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  and  in  1803  was  admitted  to  practise.  Soon 
after  he  established  an  office  in  his  native  town,  and, 
December  12th,  1805,  was  married  to  Nabby  Cook,  daugh- 
ter of  Elam  Cook,  of  the  same  place.  The  fruit  of  this 
marriage  has  been  ten  children,  of  whom  three  have  died — 
two  in  infancy,  and  the  other  a promising  youth  at  the  age 
of  nearly  fourteen.  His  surviving  children — three  sons 
and  four  daughters — he  lived  to  see  settled  in  life  and  occu- 
pying  positions  of  respectability  and  usefulness,  and  what 
was  yet  more  grateful  to  his  heart,  all  the  professed  follow- 
ers of  Christ.  In  1806  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Ohio, 
and  in  June  arrived  at  Burton,  Geauga  county,  which  he 
adopted  as  the  place  of  his  permanent  residence.  Here  he 
experienced  the  privations  and  inconveniences  incident  to 
a new  settlement  in  a wide  and  almost  unbroken  wilder- 
ness ; and  in  order  to  provide  for  his  family  he  united  with 
the  duties  of  his  profession  the  labors  of  clearing  and  cul- 


tivating his  farm,  and  of  the  school-room.  In  1810  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
State,  his  district  embracing  the  territory  now  comprised  in 
the  counties  of  Ashtabula,  Lake,  Geauga,  Cuyahoga,  Lorain, 
Huron,  and  Erie.  In  1812  he  was  chosen  to  the  Senate ; 
his  district  including,  in  addition  to  the  above,  the  present 
counties  of  Medina,  Summit,  and  Portage.  Having  been 
re-elected,  in  the  sessions  of  1815-16  he  was  chosen 
Spe.iker  of  the  Senate.  In  1816  he  was  elected  to  repre- 
sent his  district  in  Congress ; that  district  being  composed 
of  the  whole  Western  Reserve  and  the  counties  of  Colum- 
biana, Stark,  Richland,  Holmes,  Tuscarawas,  Knox, 
Wayne,  and  a part  of  Carroll.  In  February,  1818,  he  was 
elected  by  the  Legislature  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Ohio,  and  by  renewal  of  the  appointment  he 
secured  two  consecutive  terms  of  seven  years  each.  In  the 
fall  of  1833  he  was  again  chosen  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
in  the  sessions  of  1834-35  occupied  the  Speaker’s  chair. 
In  1835  he  was  re.stored  to  .the  Bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  and  in  1845,  after  an  interval  of  three  years  devoted 
to  legal  practice,  was  re-elected  to  the  same  office.  His 
last  term  closed  in  1852,  making  twenty-eight  years  of  ser- 
vice in  the  highest  judicature  of  the  State.  In  the  spring 
of  1850  he  was  chosen  to  the  Convention  for  revising  the 
Constitution  of  the  State,  and  took  a prominent  part  in  its 
transactions.  The  record  of  the  important  and  responsible 
positions  which  he  occupied  is  itself  the  best  evidence  that 
he  had  won  from  his  compeers  and  fellow-citizens  no  ordi- 
nary esteem  and  confidence  in  his  integrity,  wisdom,  and 
patriotism.  In  legal  acumen,  clearne.ss,  and  justness  of 
comprehension  he  had  few  superiors,  while  in  conscientious- 
ness and  purity  of  purpose  in  the  discharge  of  his  official 
duties  he  was  second  to  none.  His  private  character  was 
no  less  pure  than  his  official.  From  the  outset  of  his 
career  he  was  a decided  friend  and  promoter  of  education, 
morals,  and  religion.  Long  before  he  professed  a personal 
interest  in  the  gospel  he  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  its 
principles.  None  seemed  more  anxious  than  he  that  its 
institutions  should  be  su.stained,  or  more  pleased  when 
they  were  crowned  with  the  divine  blessing.  On  the  4th 
of  March,  1832,  just  twenty-one  years  before  the  day  of  his 
death,  he  publicly  professed  his  faith  in  Christ,  and  united 
with  the  Congregational  Church  of  Burton,  of  which,  until 
his  death,  he  remained  a blessed  and  valuable  member. 
In  this  relation,  indeed,  he  was  a model  which  many  might 
imitate  with  marked  benefit  to  themselves  and  the  interests 
of  religion.  When  at  home  nothing  but  real  infirmity  in 
himself  or  family  was  ever  permitted  to  detain  him  from  the 
public  services  of  the  sanctuary.  A leading  element  in  his 
Christian  character  was  a steadfast  integrity  in  obeying  his 
convictions  of  duty.  He  was  no  stranger  to  deep  religious 
sensibility,  but  the  fitful  impulses  of  emotion  were  not 
needed  to  rouse  him  to  action.  In  taste  and  feeling  he  was 
opposed  to  artificial  parade  and  .show,  a lover  of  republican 
simplicity  of  style  and  manners,  and  at  the  same  time  a pat- 


576 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


tern  of  generous  and  hearty  hospitality.  To  those  who 
viewed  him  at  a distance  his  manner  seemed  reserved  and 
cold  ; but  a more  intimate  acquaintance  revealed  a heart 
warm  with  all  the  genial  sympathies  of  love  and  friendship. 
He  was  privileged  not  to  outlive  his  activity  and  usefulness, 
but  to  fall  at  the  post  of  duty  in  the  unblunted  vigor  of  his 
strong  intellect.  Early  in  December,  1852,  he  repaired  to 
Columbus  to  attend  the  Court  in  Banc.  He  was  retained 
in  some  cases  of  importance,  and  one  in  particular  which 
required  profound  effort  in  the  preparation  of  the  argument. 
His  intense  application  aggravated  and  developed  a disease 
to  which  he  was  predisposed,  and  which  was  the  cause  of 
his  death.  He  left  Columbus  in  February  for  his  home, 
but  was  not  able  to  proceed  further  than  his  son’s,  in 
Painesville,  where  he  died  on  March  4th,  1853.  It  was 
said  of  him  after  his  death  : “ By  this  event  the  State,  the 
church,  the  neighborhood,  and  the  family  circle,  of  which 
he  was  a light  and  ornament,  have  sustained  an  irreparable 
loss.  None  knew  him  intimately  but  to  respect  and  love 
him.  Few  men  through  so  long  a series  of  years  have  re- 
ceived more  decisive  proofs  of  public  esteem  and  general 
confidence;  for  most  of  his  mature  life  has  been  spent  in 
official  stations  of  high  trust  and  responsibility.  In  his 
death  Ohio  mourns  the  removal  of  one  of  her  most  beloved 
and  honored  citizens — one  whose  best  energies  have  with 
conscientious  integrity  been  devoted  to  the  promotion  of 
her  best  interests.” 


HAWHAN,  REZIN  \V.,  Merchant,  was  born, 
October  19th,  1811,  in  Berkeley  county,  Vir- 
ginia, and  is  the  youngest  son  of  Frederick  Shaw- 
han,  w'ho  was  a native  of  Kent  county,  Maryland, 
but  had  settled  in  Virginia  after  the  war  of  the 
Revolution,  in  which  he  was  an  active  partici- 
pant, having  enlisted  when  but  seventeen  years  of  age,  and 
served  under  Generals  Wayne,  Greene,  La  Fayette,  and 
Washington.  He  was  at  the  capture  of  Stony  Point,  by 
Wayne ; at  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  the  crossing  of  the 
Delaware,  and  the  subsequent  capture  of  the  Hessians  at 
Trenton.  In  1812  he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  at  first  located 
in  Fairfield  county.  In  1820  he  removed  to  Wayne  county, 
and  afterwards  settled  in  Seneca  county,  and  died  near 
Tiffin,  August  26th,  1840,  in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age. 
Rezin  was  employed  on  a farm  until  he  was  about  fifteen 
years  old.  His  educational  advantages  were  exceedingly 
limited,  comprising  only  that  which  could  be  obtained  in 
the  district  schools  of  that  day,  and  amounting  in  all  to 
about  eight  months.  About  the  year  1826  he  entered  the 
store  of  William  McComb,  in  Wooster.  When  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  was  employed  as  a clerk  by  Zopher  T. 
Moore,  with  whom  he  remained  about  three  ‘years.  In 
/833  he  visited  Seneca  county,  where  his  father  had  set- 
tled, and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  accompanied  his  former 
employer,  Z.  T.  Moore,  to  New  York,  where  he  purchased 


a stock  of  goods,  getting  credit  on  Mr.  Moore’s  recommen- 
dation. On  his  return  to  Ohio  he  opened  a store  in  Tiffin, 
which  was  then  comparatively  a new  town,  having  been 
laid  out  but  a few  years,  and  contained  a population  of 
about  five  hundred.  He  had  but  a limited  capital  when  he 
first  embarked  in  business,  but  rapidly  increased  it  by  fru- 
gality and  good  management.  He  was  thus  actively  en- 
gaged for  eighteen  years,  selling  goods  and  purchasing 
grain  and  all  kinds  of  produce.  The  nearest  shipping 
point  on  the  lake  was  at  Sandusky,  and  all  goods  required 
wagon  transportation  from  the  latter  place  to  Tiffin  until 
1840,  when  the  Mad  River  Railroad  was  constructed  from 
Sandusky  to  Tiffin,  which  was  the  terminus  for  some  years. 
Thus  the  country  improved  very  much,  and  trade  at  Tiffin 
increased  rapidly  after  the  line  was  opened  for  travel.  In 
1851,  feeling  the  need  of  relaxation,  he  closed  up  his  busi- 
ness in  Tiffin,  and  transferred  his  stock  to  a branch  store  at 
Cary,  which  he  had  established  a few  years  previously. 
He  completed,  in  1850,  the  Shawhan  House,  and  having 
leased  it,  reserved  a suite  of  rooms  therein  for  himself  and 
wife,  wherein  he  passed  the  three  following  years  in  study, 
paying  particular  attention  to  geography,  histoiy,  and  the 
natural  sciences.  The  limited  schooling  he  had  received 
during  youth  seemed  to  him  to  demand  an  increase  of 
knowledge,  and  he  availed  himself  of  his  leisure  hours  to 
acquire  a first-class  education.  He  commenced  the  pur- 
chase of  standard  works,  and  has  now  the  best  private 
library  in  that  portion  of  the  State.  He  regards  these  three 
years  of  relaxation  and  mental  culture  as  time  well  em- 
ployed. In  1854  and  1855  he  travelled  much  in  Michigan 
and  Wisconsin,  and  during  the  latter  year  purchased  2000 
acres  of  land  in  Dane  county,  Wisconsin.  In  December, 
1857,  he  made  a trip  with  his  wife  to  Cuba,  where  he 
passed  the  winter,  and  returned  via  New  Orleans.  He 
attended  the  land  sales  at  Omaha,  Nebraska,  and  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  in  1858,  where  he  purchased  some  30,000 
acres  of  government  land,  all  of  which  paid  well.  In  the 
same  year  he  joined  G.  Sneath  in  starting  the  Bank  of 
Tiffin,  which,  after  the  war,  was  merged  into  the  National 
Exchange  Bank  of  Tiffin,  in  which  he  has  been  a large 
stockholder  since  its  organization.  In  August,  1862,  he 
purchased  from  his  nephew,  F.  R.  Shawhan,  who  was  in 
the  dry-goods  trade,  the  latter’s  interests  in  business,  as  he 
was  desirous  of  entering  the  army,  which  he  did  as  Captain 
of  a company,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  contin- 
ued in  the  dry-goods  trade  until  1865,  when  he  sold  the 
establishment  to  Engleman  & Dorle.  In  1866  he  erected 
the  Empire  Block,  and  in  the  following  year  opened  a dry- 
goods  store  in  it,  in  company  with  J.  B.  Wilson.  The  firm 
carried  a heavy  stock  of  goods,  and  did  a large  business  for 
some  three  years.  In  1870  they  relinquished  the  store, 
disposing  of  the  same  to  G.  W.  Burkirk.  In  1871  Mr. 
Shawhan  sailed  for  London,  and  passed  two  months  in 
England  during  the  autumn  of  that  year.  On  April  ist, 
1875,  he  sold  out  an  interest  which  he  had,  with  Captain 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


577 


F.  II.  Shawhan,  in  a store  in  Tiffin,  and  at  the  same  time 
purchased  the  interests  of  W.  H.  Schlosser,  with  whom  he 
had  been  the  principal  in  a business  connection,  and  since 
that  period  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  dry-goods  trade. 
He  has  ever  been  most  successful  in  that  line,  and  is  pos- 
sessed of  a valuable  estate.  He  enjoys  a vigorous  health, 
and  gives  a close  and  personal  attention  to  all  his  own  affairs. 
Of  the  numerous  family  which  his  father  had,  fourteen  chil- 
dren in  all,  but  two  are  left  beside  himself.  These  are  a 
sister,  Mrs.  Anderson,  of  Fortine,  aged  eighty-si.x  years;  and 
a brother,  Josiah  .Shawhan,  residing  at  Cary,  seventy-four 
years  of  age.  He  was  married,  April  ist,  1839,  to  Elvira 
'Puller,  of  ^Yorthington,  Ohio,  who  is  still  living,  aged  fifty- 
seven  years. 


|ERKINS,  J.\MES  H.,  Lawyer,  Editor,  Clergyman 
and  Poet,  the  youngest  child  of  Samuel  G.  and 
B.irbari  Higginson  Perkins,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mas  achusetts,  July  31st,  1810.  His  youth  was 
spent  in  mercantile  pursuits  and  in  acquiring  a 
fair  education  ; but  stocks  and  trade  were  not  con- 
genial to  his  tastes,  and  as  soon  as  he  was  at  liberty  to  do 
so  he  abandoned  them.  He  was  wanting  in  the  love  of 
money-making,  the  prerequisite  of  worldly  success,  and  when 
he  became  acquainted  with  the  true  character  of  competitive 
trade,  he  was  filled  with  dismay  and  disgust.  The  pride  of 
the  opulent  and  the  cringing  concessions  of  the  needy,  with 
the  fawning  flattery  th.at  vitiates  the  courtesies  of  fashionable 
life,  awakened  in  his  heart  a feeling  of  sad  contempt,  and 
he  grew  plain  and  blunt  in  his  speech,  careless  in  dress, 
reserved  and  solitary.  In  February,  1832,  he  moved  to 
Cincinnati.  There  he  became  interested  in  the  study  of  the 
law,  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Timothy  Walker  as 
student.  In  the  genial,  social  atmosphere  of  the  West  he 
recovered  his  buoyancy  and  began  a new  life.  In  1834  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  His  commencement  in  the  practice 
of  law  revealed  a high  order  of  talent,  and  argued  brilliant 
personal  success.  But  he  became  dissatisfied  with  the  seden- 
tary life  and,  as  he  thought,  the  low  moral  standard  of  the 
legal  profession,  and  soon  abandoned  it  in  utter  disgust.  He 
then  applied  himself  ith  great  energy  in  the  uncertain  field 
of  literature.  He  contributed  largely  to  several  periodicals; 
wrote  poems,  tales  and  essays  for  the  Western  Monthly 
Magazine,  and  was  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1834  editor 
of  the  Saturday  F.veni}tg  Chronicle,  which  he  purchased  in 
the  winter  of  1835  and  united  with  the  Cincinnati  Mirror. 
He  was  for  a while  one  of  the  editors  of  \.\\s  Mirror.  In 
the  summer  of  1835  he  engaged  with  others  in  a manufac- 
turing enterprise  at  Pomeroy,  Ohio.  This  was  not  remu- 
nerative, and  in  1837  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  took  up 
his  pen.  In  the  following  year  he  projected  several  books, 
but  only  finished  a series  of  critical  and  historical  articles 
for  the  Ne-u  York  Quarterly  and  the  Morth  American  Re- 
view. In  1839  his  work  entitled  “ The  Annals  of  the  West  ” 
73 


was  written;  a work  of  great  research,  completeness  and 
perspicuity  of  style.  During  the  next  few  years  appeared  his 
papers  on  “ Early  French  Travellers  in  the  West;  ” “ Eng- 
lish Discoveries  in  the  Ohio  Valley;”  “Fifty  Years  of 
Ohio;”  “'Phe  Pioneers  of  Kentucky,”  “ 'Phe  North- 
western Territory,”  and  “ The  Literature  of  the  West.”  In 
1839  he  became  minister-at-large  to  the  poor  of  Cincinnati ; 
to  this  office  with  great  earnestness  he  gave  his  best  powers 
of  mind  and  body,  and  to  him  the  poor  and  unfortunate  of 
that  city  to-day  owe  many  of  the  institutions  from  which 
they  derive  protection  and  consolation.  In  1841  he  ac- 
cepted a call  as  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  Church  of  Cincin- 
nati. His  eloquence,  his  Christian  feeling  and  work  among 
the  poor,  led  to  this  selection  of  him  by  that  society.  His 
literary  pursuits  he  still  kept  up,  and  his  interest  in  educa- 
tion and  public  benefactions  never  flagged  ; but  with  his 
pastoral  relations  he  never  was  satisfied,  and  accordingly 
offered  his  resignation  in  1847,  notwithstanding  his  friends 
assured  him  of  his  remarkable  gifts  as  a preacher,  while 
the  house  was  crowded  when  he  preached,  and  there 
were  not  wanting  many  other  evidences  of  his  fitness.  The 
church  refused  to  accept  his  resignation,  and  he  was  finally 
induced  to  withdraw  it,  and  remained  in  charge  of  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Unitarian  Society  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred suddenly,  and  in  a way  much  to  be  regretted,  on 
the’l4lh  of  December,  1849.  In  1844  he  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent of  the  Cincinnati  Historical  Society,  and  in  1849, 
the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  Vice-President  and  Recording 
Secretary  of  the  united  Ohio  and  Cincinnati  Historical  So- 
cieties. Mr.  Perkins  was  endowed  with  many  remarkable 
traits  of  character,  and  some  uncommon  elements  of  great 
success.  He  was  by  no  means  faultle.ss,  and  was  not  free 
from  the  evils  of  temperament,  training,  caprice,  indulgence, 
habit;  but  he  was  progressive,  aspiring,  humble,  honest,  un- 
selfish— a Christian.  He  was  a ready  and  finished  writer; 
an  orator  of  exceptional  powers,  and  a poet  from  whom 
verses  had  poured  forth  with  unconscious  ease  from  boy- 
hood upward.  He  left  a family  of  several  children.  One 
of  his  sons  is  a young  lawyer,  of  Cincinnati. 


YON,  JOHN,  Manufacturer,  was  born  in  Campbell 
county,  Kentucky,  June,  1807.  His  father  was  a 
mechanic  and  millwright,  and  was  one  of  the 
earliest  emigrants  from  New  England  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Cincinnati.  His  mother  was 
E.  Reynolds,  of  Kentucky,  whose  parents  were 
among  the  early  adventurers  with  Daniel  Boone,  and 
were  concerned  in  the  histo-ric  events  of  the  “ dark  and 
bloody  ground.”  Her  father  was  a soldier  in  the  Revolution 
under  General  Greene,  and  was  also  concerned  in  the  In- 
dian wars  under  General  Wayne.  With  but  little  education, 
in  1816  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Cincinnati  and 
began  to  learn  the  shoe  trade.  After  working  a year,  he 
regularly  indentured  himself,  according  to  the  custom  of  the 


57^ 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  ENCYCLOP.FIDIA. 


times.  After  serving  out  five  years  of  his  indenture,  he 
travelled  to  various  towns  of  the  State  and  worked  at  his 
trade  for  several  years.  In  1830  he  returned  to  Cincinnati 
and  was  married  to  Letitia  Tanahill,  who  died  in  1872.  In 
1834  he  started  a retail  shoe  store,  which  he  continued  until 
1843.  He  had  by  this  time  gathered  some  money,  which 
he  invested  and  lost  in  the  pork  business.  He  then  resumed 
the  shoe  and  leather  trade,  which  he  carried  on  prosperously 
until  1854,  when  he  commenced  manufacturing  ladies’, 
misses’  and  children’s  shoes.  There  had  been  previously 
but  one  effort  of  moment  made  to  establish  this  line  of  manu- 
facturing in  Cincinnati,  and  he  is,  therefore,  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  shoe  manufacturing  in  the  West.  The  whole- 
sale shoe  manufacturing  business  of  Cincinnati  has  now  be- 
come one  of  her  most  important  interests.  He  early  intro- 
duced into  his  factory  all  modern  machinery,  and  used  every 
means  to  supply  the  great  demand  for  machine-made  work 
which  sprang  up  during  the  war.  Mr.  Lyon  justly  deserves 
a prominent  place  in  the  business  history  of  Cincinnati.  In 
1873  he  retired  with  a competency  and  an  honorable  repu- 
tation, and  now  resides  with  his  only  living  child  at  their 
home  on  Ninth  street,  Cincinnati.  He  has  taken  little  in- 
terest in  politics  or  the  affairs  of  society.  He  is  a member 
of  Trinity  Methodist  Church,  and  although  he  has  been 
strictly  a business  man,  he  has  never  lost  sight  of  the  de- 
mands made  by  the  world  on  the  Christian  gentleman. 


METT,  JOHN  W.,  School  Teacher,  was  born,  No- 
vember nth,  1824,  in  Jefferson  county,  Virginia, 
and  is  the  son  of  George  and  Lydia  Hiett.  His 
father’s  ancestors  came  from  England  in  1733, 
and  took  possession  of  a large  farm  in  the  Shen- 
andoah valley,  which  was  the  home  of  the  family 
for  over  one  hundred  and  twenty  years.  When  he  was 
three  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to  Seneca  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  subjected  to  the  limited  opportunities  of 
pioneer  life,  being  much  of  the  time  without  any  school  ad 
vantages;  however,  when  sixteen  years  old,  he  had  acquired 
a thorough  knowledge  of  the  common  English  branches,  by 
dint  of  study  at  home  during  the  evening  hours,  not  having 
attended  school  more  than  three  months  in  all  up  to  that 
time.  About  that  period,  he  returned  with  his  father  to  his 
old  home  in  the  Shenandoah  valley.  When  he  had  attained 
his  majority  he  visited  Ohio  and  engaged  in  teaching  school. 
Meeting  with  great  success,  he  returned  again  to  his  native 
State  and  pursued  a thorough  course  of  study  in  the  Jeffer- 
son Academy,  fitting  himself  for  teaching,  that  being  his 
favorite  vocation.  He  opened  the  second  free  school  in 
Virginia,  and  was  actively  identified  with  the  movement  of 
that  day  to  adopt  a liberal  free-school  system  in  that  Slate. 
In  1850  he  returned  to  Ohio  and  look  part  in  introducing 
the  Union  School  system,  and  was  Superintendent  of  Union 
Schools  in  Fremont  and  Delaware,  Ohio,  respectively.  In 


i860  he  organized  the  Elm-Grove  Normal  School,  after- 
wards known  as  the  Central  Ohio  Conference  Seminary,  at 
Maumee  City,  Ohio,  which  he  and  his  wife  successfully 
conducted  for  three  years,  when  his  health  becoming  im- 
paired, he  was  obliged  to  abandon  his  profession.  While 
resident  in  this  latter  locality  he  received  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Master  of  Arts  from  the  Baldwin  University.  In 
1862  he  removed  to  Toledo,  and  became  one  of  the  pub- 
lishers of  the  Toledo  Conimevcial.  At  this  time,  by  his  in- 
dustry and  economy,  he  had  saved  from  his  earnings  by  wise 
management  about  J 10  000  with  which  to  begin  business. 
He  subsequently  devoted  his  energies  to  city  improvements 
and  dealing  in  real-estate.  He  was  a Delegate  to  the 
General  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
held  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1872;  and  was  again 
elected  a Delegate  to  the  same  body,  which  is  to  meet  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  May,  1876.  He  was  married  in 
1858  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Beecham,  of  Richland 
county,  Ohio. 


URNEY,  COLONEL  OWEN  T.,  Printer,  was  born, 
1836,  in  Painesville,  Ohio.  His  father  died  in  the 
Mexican  war  in  1848.  When  fifteen  years  old 
Owen  entered  the  printing  office  of  Charles  Scott, 
then  proprietor  of  the  Ohio  State  Journal,  in 
Columbus,  and  finished  his  trade  as  a pressman 
there.  The  breaking  out  of  the  late  rebellion  found  him  in 
the  employ  of  Harris  & Hurd,  and  at  the  same  time  Captain 
of  a favorite  military  company,  the  Montgomery  Guards, 
composed  mainly  of  Catholic  young  men,  the  pride  of  St. 
Patrick’s  congregation.  The  company  offered  its  services 
under  the  first  call  for  troops,  and  were  ordered  to  Camp 
Dennison,  but  no  demand  being  made  upon  them,  they 
were  never  called  to  active  duty.  After  the  expiration  of 
this  term  of  enlistment.  Captain  Turney,  in  company  with 
the  late  James  Ryan,  established  a soldiers’  claim  agency  in 
Columbus,  and  received  a commission  as  Notary  Public.  In 
a short  tim  however,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Chief 
Clerk  in  the  office  of  Major  McDowell,  paymaster.  When 
the  latter  was  removed  to  another  post  Major  McCook  suc- 
ceeded him,  and  removed  his  head  quarters  to  Cincinnati, 
Captain  Turney  still  retaining  the  clerkship.  Major  Mc- 
Cook was  killed  in  the  Morgan  raid  near  Cincinnati,  and 
Captain  Turney  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy,  as  additional 
Paymaster  United  States  army,  with  the  rank  of  Major,  and 
assigned  to  the  district  having  St.  Louis  for  head-quarters. 
Towards  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  transferred  to  the  Dis- 
trict of  the  Gulf,  with  head  quarters  at  New  Orleans,  where 
he  was  mustered  out  in  1869,  being  the  last  of  the  volunteei 
paymasters  to  be  thus  honorably  discharged  from  the  service. 
During  his  occupancy  of  the  position  in  this  latter  district  he 
was  appointed  a Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  for  meritorious 
attention  to  duty.  Upon  his  return  to  civil  life  he  served  a 
clerkship  in  the  Piqua  shops,  Columbus,  and  afterwards 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHIDIA. 


579 


connected  himself  again  with  the  printing  interests,  and 
early  in  1875  became  an  assistant  in  the  business  depart- 
ment of  the  Catholic  Cohtmhian , in  which  capacity  his 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  new  paper  were  indefatigable,  even 
up  to  a few  weeks  preceding  his  death,  when  he  could  be 
prevailed  upon  with  difficulty  to  desist,  and  look  after  his 
failing  health.  Pie  always  placed  the  origin  of  his  com- 
plaint in  the  outdoor  celebration  of  St.  Patrick’s  day,  1875, 
which,  being  extremely  cold  and  disagreeable,  induced  a 
severe  bronchial  affection,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  a 
quick  consumption.  He  was  a man  highly  esteemed  by 
all  with  whom  he  came  into  contact,  and  wherever  duty 
called  him,  he  made  warm  friends  by  his  open-hearted  con- 
duct and  genial  qualities.  He  was  a member  of  St. 
Patrick’s  choir  for  many  years,  and  finally  of  the  Cathedral 
choir.  He  was  alsc  a zealous  supporter  of  St.  Patrick’s 
Total  Abstinence  and  Benevolent  Association.  He  died 
February  loth,  1876,  in  the  fortieth  year  of  his  age. 


ORTHINGTON,  HON.  THOMAS,  one  of  the 
early  Governors  of  Ohio,  first  distinguished  as  a 
leader  in  the  movement  by  which  Ohio  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union,  was  born,  July  i6th,  1773, 
in  Berkeley,  now  Jefferson  county,  Virginia.  Early 
in  life  he  rvas  attracted  to  the  West  by  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  and  in  1796,  with  a party  of  young  men, 
visited  and  made  extensive  locations  of  lands  in  the  Virginia 
military  district,  lying  between  the  Scioto  and  Miami  rivers. 
In  April,  1797,  with  his  wife  and  infant  child,  and  their 
thirty-six  slaves,  whom  it  was  their  object  to  emancipate, 
he  settled  near  Chillicothe.  His  vigorous  and  discriminat- 
ing mind,  and  uncommon  firmness  and  perseverance  of 
purpose,  soon  gave  him  an  influential  position.  In  1799  he 
was  a member  from  Ross  county  in  the  first  Territorial 
Legislature.  A powerful  effort,  originating  in  Cincinnati 
and  Detroit,  had  nearly  succeeded  in  changing  the  plan 
marked  out  in  the  ordinance  of  1787,  for  the  division  of  the 
Northwestern  Territory  into  States.  Both  branches  of  the 
I.egislature,  with  General  St.  Clair  as  Governor,  concurring, 
had  voted  that  the  Eastern  .State  should  be  bounded  on  the 
w'est  by  the  Scioto  and  a line  extending  thence  to  the  lakes. 
The  object,  as  explained  by  Judge  Burnet,  in  his  “ Notes 
on  the  Northwestern  Territoiy,”  was  to  erect  a large  State 
between  the  Scioto  and  the  M’ahash.  To  this  scheme,  Mr. 
Worthington  was  unalterably  opposed.  The  Eastern  Divi- 
sion, thus  dimini.shed,  must  have  been  long  delayed,  for 
want  of  the  requisite  population,  from  the  coveted  privilege 
of  becoming  a State.  Though  defeated  in  the  Legislature, 
he  went  to  Washington,  as  agent  of  the  minority,  and  was 
so  successful  in  his  representations,  that  Congress  was  in- 
duced to  set  aside  the  views  of  the  local  authorities,  and 
passed  the  enabling  Act,  April  30th,  1802,  by  which  Ohio, 
with  its  present  boundaries,  was  permitted  at  once  to  enter 


the  Union  as  a State.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Constitution  of  1802,  and 
responsible  in  some  degree  for  the  restrictions  in  that  in- 
strument by  which  the  executive  department  was  so  seri- 
ously impaired.  His  apology  for  this  mistake,  as  he  after- 
wards acknowledged  it  to  be,  was  the  keen  sense,  then  felt, 
of  the  injuries  which  had  resulted  from  Geireral  St.  Clair’s 
arbitrary  and  almost  despotic  use  of  his  powers  as  governor 
of  the  Territory.  This  feeling  had  been  still  further  in- 
flamed by  .St.  Clair’s  untimely  dictation  to  the  Convention, 
in  his  address  delivered  at  the  opening.  He  was  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from  the  year  1803  to  1808,  and 
again  from  1810  to  1815.  Among  other  measures  he  in- 
troduced the  bills  for  laying  out  the  Cumberland  road  from 
tide-water  to  the  Ohio  river,  for  the  division  and  sale  of  the 
public  lands  in  quarter  sections,  instead  of  tracts  two  miles 
square;  and  for  quieting  land  titles;  thus  opening  great  in- 
ducements for  the  vast  emigration  that  soon  followed.  He 
was  styled,  in  the  A^ational  Intelligencer,  “ The  father  of 
the  American  system  of  public  improvements.”  During  the 
interval  between  his  two  senatorial  terms,  he  was  employed 
by  the  government  in  treating  with  the  Indians,  and  was 
held  in  great  deference  by  Tecumseh  and  other  leaders  of 
the  hostile  tribes.  In  1814,  being  elected  Governor  of 
Ohio,  he  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress.  In  18x6  he  was 
re-elected  Governor.  He  made  great  exertions  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  colleges  and  public  schools,  and  although 
not  immediately  successful,  his  efforts  contributed  largely  to 
the  final  result.  The  State  Library  owes  its  origin  to  a 
wise  but  somewhat  irregular  use  he  made  of  the  Governor’s 
contingent  fund.  But  in  January,  1818,  the  Legislature 
took  that  institution  under  their  patronage.  Still  pursuing 
his  favorite  policy,  he  recommended  to  that  body  the  con- 
struction of  canals,  and  subsequently,  as  a member  of  the 
lower  House,  advocated  the  system,  and  was  a member  of 
the  first  board  appointed  in  1822  to  report  on  that  subject. 
Whilst  still  devoting  himself  untiringly  to  the  work  of  their 
construction,  and  awaiting  a meeting  of  the  Canal  Board  in 
New  York,  he  died  in  that  city,  June  20th,  1827.  In 
private  life  Goi“*“or  Worthington  was  noted  for  his  emi- 
nent integrity,  and  by  a purity  and  simplicity  of  character 
and  conduct  almost  approaching  austerity.  But  while  he 
refused  himself  every  indulgence,  his  charity  was  open- 
handed  and  bountiful,  and  his  hospitality  always  liberal. 
Bernhard,  Duke  of  .Saxe  Weimar,  in  his  memoir  of  travels 
in  the  United  States,  has  preserved  an  account  of  his  recep- 
tion at  Governor  Worthington’s  residence,  which  gives  a 
, most  flattering  view  of  Ohio  society  at  that  early  day.  His 
spacious  mansion  of  stone,  in  the  architecture  of  the  olden 
times,  and  which  was  surrounded  in  his  day  with  highly 
cultivated  gardens,  vineyards,  and  orchards  of  every  kind 
[ of  fruit,  still  remains  to  attest  the  noble  scale  of  his  ideas. 

In  laying  the  foundation  of  the  prosperity  for  which  Ohio 
^ has  since  become  celebrated,  it  may  fairly  be  said  that 
. among  the  able  men  with  whom  he  was  associated,  there 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


5 So 

wxs  none  wliose  foresight,  energy,  and  distinguished  labors 
in  shaping  her  laws,  puldic  improvements,  agriculture, 
finances,  and  literary  institutions,  were  wiser  or  more  effi- 
cient than  his.  It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  no  record 
of  his  active  and  varied  life  has  been  kept.  Chief  Justice 
Chase,  in  the  historical  sketch  prefi.xed  to  his  compilation 
of  the  Statutes  of  Ohio,  justly  describes  him  as  a gentleman 
of  distinguished  ability  and  great  influence. 


^INNEY,  JOSEPH  NEWCOMB,  Merchant  and 
late  General  Freight  Agent  of  the  Little  Miami 
Railroad,  is  a native  of  New  England,  he,  as  well 
as  his  father  before  him,  having  been  born  in 
Vermont.  He  was  born  in  Royalton,  Windsor 
county,  in  that  State,  on  the  30th  of  May,  iSig, 
and  inherited  from  his  parents  qualities  of  clnaracter  which, 
in  the  course  of  his  life,  have  contributed  in  a great  measure 
to  his  uniform  success,  his  father  being  distinguished  for  his 
great  integrity  and  excellent  judgment,  and  his  mother  for 
her  superior  intelligence  and  amiability  of  character.  In 
his  youth  he  enjoyed  such  advantages  of  education  as  were 
afforded  by  the  common  schools  and  the  academy  of  his 
native  town,  making  the  best  use  of  the  opportunities  at  his 
disposal.  When  he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty  years 
he  left  school  and  set  out  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  West. 
He  found  employment  first  in  the  Caledonia  Iron  Works, 
located  in  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  owned  by 
Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens  and  Mr.  James  D.  Paxton.  He 
filled  the  position  of  clerk  in  this  establishment  for  the 
period  of  five  years,  each  year  bringing  with  it  increased 
responsibility  and  also  increased  compensation.  In  1S44 
he  returned  to  Vermont,  where  he  was  married;  and  im- 
mediately after  removed  to  Cincinnati.  There,  with  the 
accumulated  e.arnings  of  his  five  years’  labor  for  capital,  he 
embarked  in  the  grocery  business.  There  proved  to  be  but 
little  that  was  encouraging,  however,  in  his  experience  as  a 
grocer,  and  he  made  that  experience  brief,  quitting  the 
business  after  a few  months.  In  1845,  after  giving  up  his 
grocery  business,  he  accepted  the  position  of  Freight  Agent 
of  the  Little  Miami  Railro.ad,  at  Cincinnati.  The  road  at 
that  time  was  merely  in  its  infancy,  being  only  in  process 
of  construction  from  Cincinnati  to  Springfield,  Ohio.  Its 
completion  to  Springfield  and  its  connection  with  the  Mad 
River  Railroad  running  thence  to  Sandusky,  and  through 
that  connection  with  the  Lake  steamers  running  to  Buffalo, 
New  York,  whence  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Erie  canal  afforded  communication  with  the  seaboard, 
marked  a new  era  in  the  commerce  of  the  country,  and 
gave  a new  outlet  to  the  Southwest,  which  had  hitherto  de- 
pended on  the  slow  process  of  wagoning  over  the  Allegheny 
mountains  to  Philadelphia  or  Baltimore,  or  upon  the  more 
perilous  method  of  boating  down  the  Mississippi  river  to 
New  Orleans.  To  the  end  of  accomplishing  this  purpose. 


and  then  of  increasing  the  capabilities  and  opportunities  of 
the  road,  Mr.  Kinney  gave  the  best  energies  of  his  life. 
His  position  brought  him  into  personal  and  business  rela- 
tions with  Jacob  Strader,  President  of  the  road,  John  Kil- 
gore, Vice-President,  W.  11.  Clement,  Chief  Engineer  and 
Superintendent,  A.  H.  Lewis,  Depot  Master,  and  P.  W. 
Strader,  General  Passenger  Agent,  and  in  co-operation  with 
these  officers  he  worked  faithfully  to  draw  to  the  new  chan- 
nel of  traffic  the  vast  commerce  of  the  West.  It  was  largely 
through  his  endeavors,  through  his  energy,  perseverance, 
ability,  and  judgment,  that  important  connections  were 
formed  with  the  railroads  to  Columbus,  Cleveland,  Pitts- 
burgh, Wheeling,  and  other  points,  and  the  Little  Miami 
became  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  successful  roads  in 
the  country.  P'or  twenty  years  Mr.  Kinney  served  the  road 
in  the  capacity  of  General  Freight  Agent,  and  then  he  re- 
signed his  position.  No  sooner  had  he  done  this,  however, 
than  he  was  honored  with  a seat  in  the  directory  of  the 
road.  During  all  his  years  of  frithful  service  in  the  interest 
of  the  railroad,  he  was  not  at  all  unmindful  of  his  own  in- 
terest. “ He  worked  himself  for  the  railroad,  and  made  his 
money  work  for  him,”  he  said.  He  was  frugal  in  his 
habits,  and  the  savings  from  his  salary,  together  with  the 
money  he  brought  with  him  to  Cincinnati,  formed  a capital 
which  he  invested  from  time  to  time  in  various  enterprises, 
such  as  omnibus  lines,  transfer  companies,  and  street  rail- 
roads, all  of  which  were  important  adjuncts  to  the  railroad 
company  which  he  served,  and  at  the  same  time  were 
sources  of  individual  profit  to  himself.  The  profits  he  real- 
ized from  these  enterprises  were  judiciously  invested  in 
bank  and  other  substanti.al  stocks,  which  gradually  increased 
in  value.  Prominent  among  these  investments  was  the 
purchase  of  a steam  saw  mill  at  Clinton,  Iowa.  At  the 
time  of  the  purchase  it  was  but  a small  establishment,  but 
now  it  is  the  largest  of  the  kind  on  the  Mississippi  river,  if 
not  in  the  country.  Soon  after  his  retirement  from  the  posi- 
tion of  general  freight  agent,  he,  with  R.  M.  Shoemaker 
and  others,  became  interested  in  building  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  from  Kansas  City  to  Sheridan,  a distance 
of  some  five  hundred  miles;  and  later  in  the  Cincinnati, 
Dayton  & Springfield  Railroad,  now  known  as  the  Dayton 
Short  Line.  In  the  year  1872,  chiefly  to  aid  in  establishing 
his  oldest  son  in  business,  he  formed  a partnership  with  his 
old  friend,  Seth  Evans,  in  the  pork  packing  business,  under 
the  firm-name  of  Evans  & Kinney.  The  firm  now  occupies 
an  extensive  establishment,  recently  completed,  on  Mill 
creek,  near  the  city.  He  is  also  one  of  the  promoters, 
builders,  and  directors  of  the  Union  Railroad  Depot  at  St. 
Louis,  recently  completed,  and  is  also  largely  interested  in 
the  Union  Railway  and  Tr.ansit  Company  of  that  city. 
These  two  enterprises  involved  an  outlay  of  two  million 
dollars.  He  is  associated  in  them  with  his  old  friends,  \V. 
H.  Clement,  President  of  the  corporations,  R.  M.  Shoe- 
maker, and  others.  He  is  also  a stockholder  and  active 
Director  in  the  Merchants’  National  and  Commercial  Banks, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENXVCLOPAiDIA. 


581 


and  in  several  insurance  and  street  railway  companies,  as 
well  as  in  various  commercial  and  manufacturing  institu- 
tions. And  it  is  a noticeable  fact,  and  one  which  explains 
much  of  the  uniform  success  of  his  life,  that,  in  all  his 
enterprises,  he  has  associated  himself  with  the  men  best 
fitted  'o  carry  forward  the  interests  in  which  he  took  part ; 
while  to  their  trained  fitness  and  experience  in  their  several 
specialties,  he  joined  his  own  clear  judgment,  untiring 
energy,  and  indomitable  perseverance.  In  matters  of  reli- 
gion, though  not  a communicant  in  any  church  organization, 
he  is  broadly  liberal  in  his  views,  and  respectfully  tolerant 
of  every  denomination.  He  attends  regularly,  with  his 
family,  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Politically  he  was  an 
old-line  Whig  during  the  continuance  of  the  Whig  party, 
and  since  has  acted  with  the  Republican  party,  although, 
in  local  issues,  he  votes  for  the  man  best  suited  for  the 
office,  irrespective  of  party  lines.  His  habits  of  life  are 
simple,  temperate,  and  eminently  domestic ; his  attachments 
to  his  friends  are  strong  and  lasting,  and  his  liberality  is 
hearty  and  unostentatious.  He  has  been  twice  married. 
In  1844,  just  before  removing  to  Cincinnati,  he  married 
Altha  L.  Dutton,  of  Vermont.  She  died  in  1852,  leaving 
one  child,  an  infant  son,  now  engaged  in  business  with  his 
father.  In  1853  he  married  again,  taking  for  his  second 
wife  Annie  M.  Willson,  of  Cincinnati.  She  died  on  the 
22d  of  July,  1868,  leaving  four  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom  has 
just  entered  commercial  life,  and  the  others  are  attending 
school.  Mr.  Kinney  resides  on  Walnut  Hills,  one  of  the 
beautiful  suburbs  of  Cincinnati,  where  he  has  lived  for  some 
seventeen  years,  and  as  one  of  that  community  takes  great 
interest  in  all  that  pertains  to  its  advancement. 


I OHL,  HON.  HENRY,  Insurance  Agent,  was  born, 
July  4th,  1844,  in  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many, and  is  a son  of  Conrad  Bohl,  formerly  of 
that  country.  His  father  being  a farmer  by 
occupation,  and  desirous  of  a more  extended 
field  for  canying  on  that  pursuit,  decided  to  emi- 
grate to  the  United  States.  He  accordingly  left  Germany 
in  March,  1855,  reached  Marietta,  Ohio,  in  the  following 
May,  and  resumed  his  avocation  near  that  city.  His  son, 
Henry,  assisted  him  during  the  summer  months,  and  at- 
tended school  in  the  winter,  until  he  was  seventeen  years 
old,  when  he  left  home,  and  effected  an  engagement  in  a 
chair  factory  in  Marietta,  where  he  remained  some  four 
years.  He  next  entered  into  the  clothing  business,  which 
he  carried  on  for  four  years.  In  January,  1869,  he  engaged 
in  local  insurance  in  Marietta,  and  was  vei7  successful. 
His  health,  however,  became  impaired  in  1871,  and  by  the 
advice  of  his  physician,  he  concluded  to  dispose  of  his 
office  and  business,  and  engage  in  out-door  employment, 
which  he  did,  by  accepting  a special  agency  for  the  Home 
Insurance  Company,  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  but  as  his  health 


did  not  improve  he  removed  the  following  year,  March, 
1872,  to  Atlanta,  Georgia,  where  he  accepted  a Southern 
department  of  five  States,  for  the  American  Central  Insur- 
ance Company  of  St.  Louis.  He  made  many  warm  friends 
in  the  Southern  States,  and  in  1S73  he  was  elected  Secre- 
tary of  the  “ Underwriters’  Association  of  the  South,”  com- 
prising eleven  States,  and  being  auxiliary  to  the  National 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  the  United  States,  with  their 
head-quarters  in  New  York  city.  Having  nearly  regained 
his  health,  and  his  family  being  anxious  to  return  to  their 
old  home  in  Ohio,  he  removed  again  to  Marietta,  in  March, 
1874,  after  an  absence  of  two  years,  and  took  charge  of  a 
Western  department  of  three  States  for  the  American  Cen- 
tral Insurance  Company,  which  he  had  managed  in  the 
South.  He  resigned  this  position  in  the  autumn  of  1S75, 
and  accepted  the  management,  for  Ohio,  for  the  Milwaukee 
Mechanics’  Mutual  Insurance  Company,  and  also  again  em- 
barked in  the  local  insurance  business  at  Marietta.  From 
1867  to  1871  he  took  an  active  interest  in  politics,  and  was 
for  several  years  a member  and  .Secretary  of  the  Demo- 
cratic County  Central  Committee.  He  was  at  various  times 
offered  nominations  for  county  offices,  which  he  declined 
on  account  of  feeble  health.  After  his  removal  to  the 
South  and  during  his  residence  there,  he  took  no  pait  in  the 
movements  of  the  day;  but  on  his  return  home,  his  old 
political  friends,  knowing  him  to  be  an  effective  worker, 
insisted  on  his  aid  to  recover  the  county  of  Washington  from 
the  Republicans,  they  having  been  in  the  ascendency  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  1875  they  urged  him  to  accept  the 
nomination  for  County  Treasurer,  which,  however,  he  de- 
clined emphatically,  on  the  ground  that  he  desired  no 
political  county  office.  He  finally  accepted  the  candidacy 
for  Representtilive  to  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  in  October, 
1S75,  elected  by  a majority  of  nearly  three  hundred 
votes.  One  of  his  first  acts,  after  taking  his  seat  in  that 
body,  was  to  introduce  a resolution  pledging  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  people  of  Ohio,  to  be  in  favor  of  a 
purely  secular  education  at  the  expense  of  the  tax  payer, 
without  any  division  of  the  public  school  funds  among  any 
sect  or  sects,  and  to  maintain  and  support  the  admirable 
provision"  of  the  Ohio  Constitution  on  that  subject.  This 
resolution  received  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  whole  House. 
This  resolution  was  introduced  for  the  reason  that  the 
leaders  of  the  Republican  party,  in  the  political  campaign 
of  1875,  had  charged  their  opponents  of  being  in  favor  of 
a division  of  the  public  school  funds.  On  January  l.Slh, 
1876,  United  .States  Senator  Allen  G.  Thurman,  of  Ohio, 
addressed  a letter  to  Mr.  Bohl,  defining  his  position  on  the 
financial  question,  which  was  forthwith  published  and  read 
with  great  interest  throughout  the  country,  as  the  Senator 
w.as  then  a prominent  prospective  candidate  for  President 
of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Bohl  was  reared  in  the  com- 
munion of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  of  which  he  and 
his  family  are  now  members.  He  has  taken  a great  imerest 
in  secret  societies.  In  1865  he  was  made  a Mason  in 


S82 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


American  Union  Lodge,  No.  l,  at  Marietta.  This  lodge 
is  the  oldest  west  of  the  Allegheny  mountains,  having  been 
cliartered  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1776.  Among  the  many  Worshipful  Masters  may  be 
named  Hon.  Lewis  Cass,  ex-Governor  Meigs,  and  General 
Rufus  Putnam.  He  is  also  a member  of  the  Odd  P'ellows 
and  Red  Men  Orders.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a Repre- 
sentative to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  of  Ohio ; also  Great  Sachem  or  presiding  offi- 
cer, for  the  State  of  Ohio,  of  the  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men;  and  in  1871  Representative  to  the  United  States 
Great  Council  of  the  same  order.  He  was  married  at 
Marietta,  in  1864,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Jacob  Raden- 
baugh. 

ILLIKAN,  WILLIAM,  Journalist,  was  born,  Sep- 
tember 22(1,  i8o5,  in  Coleraiu  township,  Ross 
county,  Ohio.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of  John  and 
Mary  Millikan,  who  moved  to  Delaware  county 
in  1809.  When  the  war  of  1812  was  declared, 
his  father  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  a 
company  raised  in  Delaware  county.  During  the  severe 
winter  of  1814  many  of  the  soldiers  died  from  what  was 
known  as  the  cold  plague.  Among  those  who  succumbed 
was  Lieutenant  Millikan,  then  stationed  at  Chillicothe.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  elementary  education  in 
the  indifferent  country  schools  of  pioneer  times.  When  he 
entered  the  printing  office  of  Ezra  Griswol.d,  his  education 
began  in  earnest.  In  the  fall  of  1830  Mr.  Millikan  joined 
Mr.  Griswold  in  the  publication  of  the  Ohio  State  Gazette. 
In  the  spring  of  1832  he  dissolved  his  connection  with  the 
Gazette  and  started  the  IVesteni  Galaxy,  a Whig  paper, 
at  Marion,  Ohio.  In  May  of  1832  he  went  to  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  where  he  established  the  Free  Press,  also  a Whig 
paper,  with  which  he  supported  General  \Villiam  Henry 
Harrison  for  the  Presidency.  F'or  a part  of  the  time  Mr. 
Millikan  was  associated  with  his  brother  in  the  publication 
of  the  Free  Press.  In  1845  he  sold  his  paper  to  Schuyler 
Colfax  and  A.  W.  We.st,  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
Kalamazoo  Telegraph.  He  remained  in  the  Telegraph 
establishment  for  two  years,  when  he  disposed  of  his  inter- 
est and  joined  his  brother  John  as  an  equal  partner,  in  the 
conduct  of  the  La  Porte  County  (Indiana)  IVhig.  After  a 
connection  of  seven  years  with  the  IVhig,  he  engaged  in 
other  business.  In  October,  1858,  Mr.  Millikan  yielded  to 
the  solicitation  of  friends  and  returned  to  Ohio,  establishing 
the  Fayette  County  Herald,  a Republican  paper,  published 
at  Washington  Court  House.  He  has  made  the  Herald 
strong  and  influential,  and  successful  as  a business  venture. 
He  has  taken  his  youngest  son,  William,  into  partnership 
in  the  business  and  editorial  management  of  the  paper. 
Besides  pursuing  his  vocation  as  a journalist,  Mr.  Millikan 
has  been  active  as  an  individual  member  of  his  party.  In 
1849  he  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  Legislature  from  La- 


porte  county,  and  re-elected  in  1850.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Laporte.  In  1875  he  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1829,  in  the  village  of  Delaware,  Ohio,  Mr.  Millikan 
married  Rachel  Abbott.  January  28th,  1834,  at  Newark, 
Ohio,  he  married  Amanda  Holines,  third  daughter  of  Judge 
Alexander  Holines.  . January  28th,  1841,  he  married  Emma 
Cleveland,  third  daughter  of  the  late  Hardin  Cleveland,  of 
Elkhart  county,  Indiana.  In  April,  1865,  Mr.  Millikan 
married  Mary  B.  Bostnick,  of  Waterloo,  daughter  of  John 
Robinson,  of  Chillicothe.  Mr.  Millikan  has  five  adult 
children  living. 


ERRELL,  CIL^RLE.S  B.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born  in  Holmes  county,  Ohio,  September 
27th,  1839.  His  parents,  Hanson  and  Sarah 
P'errell,  of  Franco-English  descent,  removed  from 
Virginia  and  located  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio, 
where  they  were  married.  They  soon  after  re- 
moved into  the  wilds  of  Holmes  county,  of  which  they  were 
among  the  earlier  settlers.  Dr.  Ferrell  entered  school  at 
an  early  age,  and  by  untiring  industry  and  application  re- 
ceived a liberal  education  in  the  common  branches.  Being 
a farmer’s  son,  school-days  were  limited  to  but  a small  por- 
tion of  the  year,  and  the  remainder  of  the  time  was  spent 
in  assisting  his  father.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  a taste  for 
medical  literatuie  developed  itself,  and  he  borrowed  from  a 
friend  Wilson’s  Anatomy,  Carpenter’s  Physiology,  and 
Kane’s  Chemistry,  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine. 
The  leisure  hours  on  rainy  days  and  at  meal  time  were 
occupied  in  following  the  bent  of  his  mind.  A vacant 
house  on  his  father’s  farm  served  as  medical  college  and 
dissecting  room,  and  here  the  long  nights  were  faithfully 
occupied  in  reading  and  dissections.  He  spent  thus  three 
years,  as  farmer,  school-boy,  medical  student,  and  instructor, 
the  two  latter  being  carried  on  clandestinely,  for  a resitrrec- 
tionist  would  have  been  looked  upon  with  horror  in  that 
locality,  and  he  would  doubtless  have  felt  the  strong  arm 
of  the  law  if  he  had  been  discovered.  When  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Isaac  Putnam,  of 
Mt.  Holly,  Ohio,  and  continued  his  studies  here,  and  in 
i860  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in  Cincinnati.  In  March, 
1861,  being  at  the  bottenn  of  his  financial  resources,  he  was 
obliged  to  begin  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Through 
the  kindness  of  his  instructor  he  was  permitted  to  commence 
business  in  his  office,  and  met  with  good  success.  He  acted 
as  surgeon  in  the  beginning  of  the  war,  1862-63,  visiting 
the  battle-fields  of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Fort  Donelson,  and 
Murfreesboro’,  and  bearing  the  greater  portion  ol  his  own  ex- 
penses. He  also  commanded  a company  of  the  “ Squirrel 
Hunters,”  who  went  to  protect  Cincinnati  from  invasion  by 
Kirby  Smith.  Resuming  irractice  in  the  intervals,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1863,  he  removed  to  Nashville,  Ohio,  and  entered  with 
vigor  into  practice.  Here  he  was  very  successful,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 


5S3 


continued  business  uninterruptedly  until  November,  1872, 
when  he  went  with  his  family  to  New  York,  where  he 
spent  the  winter  in  the  medical  colleges  and  hospitals,  re- 
ceiving a diploma  from  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
and  certificates  of  private  instruction  from  several  eminent 
])hysicians  of  that  city.  Leaving  New  York  in  March, 
1S73,  the  balance  of  the  year  was  spent  in  travelling  over 
the  Western  States  and  Territories,  including  the  Gulf 
States,  California,  Oregon,  Washington  Territory,  and  a 
p.irt  of  British  Columbia,  with  the  view  of  studying  the  prev- 
alent diseases,  and  the  influence  of  climate  on  the  same. 
Returning  to  Ohio  in  December,  1873,  located  in  Colum- 
bus, where  he  still  resides  and  is  rapidly  gaining  public 
esteem  and  favor,  and  building  himself  up  a good  practice. 
He  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Brown,  October  27th,  1864. 


RION,  JOHN,  Farmer  and  Merchant,  was  born, 
.September  6th,  1798,  in  Kanawha  county,  (now 
West)  Virginia,  and  is  the  oldest  son  of  Robert 
and  Nancy  (Balentine)  Irion.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  South  Carolina,  who  was  a farmer  by  oc- 
cupation and  a surveyor  by  profession.  He  re- 
moved to  Ohio  in  1802,  and  first  settled  in  Brown  county, 
where  he  resided  about  twelve  years,  and  proceeded,  in 
1814,  to  Fayette  county,  where  he  sojourned  until  his  death. 
He  was  an  active  participant  in  the  early  Indian  wars  of 
Virginia,  and  married  there  Nancy,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Balentine,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of  the  north  of  Ire- 
land, but  emigrated  to  America,  and  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  what  is  now  the  State  of  West  Virginia.  John  is 
the  eldest  of  a family  of  thirteen  children.  He  worked 
on  a farm  when  a boy,  and  attended  the  district  school 
during  the  winter  season.  When  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
he  began  life  on  his  own  resources,  as  a farmer  in  Fayette 
county,  and  has  resided  in  that  section  ever  since,  with  the 
exception  of  some  five  years  passed  in  Brown  county.  He 
has  been  through  his  long  life  principally  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  He  filled  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
of  Union  township,  Fayette  county,  for  a considerable 
period  ; and  was  also  Land  Appraiser  of  the  same  locality 
for  one  year.  He  was  a Captain  under  the  old  militia  law 
of  the  State.  He  was  at  one  time  interested  in  the  stock  of 
the  Panhandle  Railroad,  and  also  in  several  turnpike  com- 
panies. At  present  he  is  a stockholder  in  the  Dayton  & 
Southeastern  Railroad  Company.  He  has  recently  em- 
barked in  the  boot  and  shoe  business,  under  the  firm-name 
of  Irion  & Co.,  himself  owning  the  controlling  interest. 
His  political  views  are  those  held  by  the  Republican  party, 
having  previously  been  a Whig  of  the  Henry  Clay  school. 
His  religious  belief  is  not  circumscribed  by  the  doctrines  of 
any  particular  church.  Socially  he  is  of  pleasant  and 
courteous  manners.  He  has  always  led  a temperate  life, 
and,  though  he  has  nearly  reached  the  age  of  fourscore 


years,  his  mental  and  physical  faculties  are  wonderfully  pre- 
served. He  has  always  been  noted  for  untiring  energy  and 
industry,  and  has  been  the  architect  of  his  own  fortunes, 
having  amassed  an  ample  competence.  He  was  married  in 
1820  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  Hawkes,  an  early  pio- 
neer of  Brown  county,  Ohio.  She  died  in  1875,  having 
had  fifteen  children. 


‘^OD,  HON.  GEORGE,  Lawyer  and  Jurist,  was 
born,  December  nth,  1773,  at  Suffield,  Hartford 
county,  Connecticut.  He  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
lege in  1795,  and  having  selected  the  law  as  his 
profession,  pursued  his  studies  at  the  celebrated 
law  school  at  Fapping  Reeve,  Litchfield  county, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October,  1797.  He  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  Haven,  where 
he  remained  a few  years.  In  1800  he  removed  to  Youngs- 
town, Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  and  in  August  of  the  same 
year  was  appointed  the  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  that  county. 
In  1801  he  sent  for  his  family  to  join  him.  He  was  elected 
in  1804  a Senator  in  the  State  Legislature  from  Trumbull 
county,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  in  that  body  was  ap- 
pointed, in  1806,  a Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  to  fill  a 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Jonathan  Meigs. 
In  1810  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate  from  Trumbull 
county.  When  war  was  declared  by  Congress  against 
Great  Britain,  he  accepted  a commission  of  Major  in  the 
regular  army  from  President  Madison,  and,  March  13th, 
1814,  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  17th  Regiment  United  States  Infantry.  In  the  winter 
of  1815  he  was  appointed  President  Judge  of  the  Third  Cir- 
cuit of  Ohio,  which  office  he  held  until  1830.  In  the 
autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney, which  was  the  last  office  he  held.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  eminent  lawyers  and  advocates  of  his  time.  He  was 
married,  prior  to  his  removal  to  Ohio,  to  Sally  Isaacs.  He 
died  at  Briar  Hill,  April  lllh,  1841,  leaving  a widww  and 
five  children. 


||ON  BONHOR.ST,  CHARLES  G.,  Dentist,  was 
born,  March  3d,  1820,  in  the  city  of  Pitt.^burgh, 
Pennsylvania,  and  is  a son  of  Baron  Char'es  F. 
Von  Bonhorst,  a lawyer,  and  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  prominent  citizens,  who  was  born  in  Berlin, 
Prussia,  fought  against  the  first  Napoleon,  and 
emigrated  to  America  in  1808,  and  married  a lady,  a native 
of  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania.  Charles,  the  younger, 
attended  a private  school  in  Pittsburgh,  and  had  completed 
[ an  academic  course,  when  fourteen  years  of  age.  He  com- 
menced to  play  the  violin  in  the  theatrical  orchestra  when 
fifteen,  continuing  until  he  had  attained  his  majority,  in  the 
meantime  studying  dentistry,  paying  for  his  instruction  in 


5S4 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


the  same  from  his  .salary  received  as  a musician.  He  then 
opened  an  office,  and  practised  for  two  years.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-three  he  visited  different  cities  in  the  South,  where 
ho  continued  his  practice  until  the  civil  war  broke  out, 
when  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  after  being  engaged 
in  his  office  for  a year,  made  a pleasure  trip  to  Europe.  On 
his  return  to  the  United  States  he  remained  in  Virginia  from 
1863  to  1865,  when  he  removed  to  Lancaster,  Ohio,  and  has 
since  resided  there,  engaged  in  the  control  of  an  extensive 
practice,  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most 
skilful  dentists  in  the  State.  He  has  made  many  improve- 
ments in  dentistry,  and  received  several  patents,  the  most 
recent  being  an  “Applicator,”  for  painless  extraction  of 
teeth.  Among  other  patents  may  be  named  a lamp  to  con- 
sume its  own  smoke,  without  a chimney.  He  has  been  an 
industrious,  persevering  worker  in  the  battle  ol  life,  and  has 
attained  his  present  position  only  by  the  exercise  of  an  in- 
domitable will  and  energy.  He  was  married,  P'ebruary 
14th,  1847,  to  Annie  Decker,  who  died  in  1854.  He  was 
united  in  marriage,  September  ist,  1857,  to  Olive  Lorentz, 
of  Virginia. 


OWERS,  CAPTAIN  LUCIUS  A.,  of  Chillicothe, 
was  born,  on  P'ebruary  l8th,  1828,  in  Franklin 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  the  oldest  of  four  chil- 
dren, whose  parents  were  Allen  and  Lora  H. 
(Preston)  Bowers.  His  father  was  a native  of 
Orange  county.  New  York,  and  moved  to  Frank- 
lin county  in  1816.  He  followed  mechanical  pursuits 
through  life,  and  died  in  the  same  county  in  1868,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-three  years.  The  mother  of  Lucius  is  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  and  now  lives  in  P'ranklin  county, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-five  years.  On  his  father’s 
side  Captain  Bovvers  is  descended  from  revolutionary  stock. 
His  early  education  was  liberal,  and  in  the  main  received  at 
Kilbourne  College,  Ohio.  From  his  boyhood  until  he 
reached  his  twenty-fourth  year,  with  the  exception  of  his 
collegiate  days,  he  was  employed  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1852  he  went  to  Thorntovvn,  Indiana,  and  engaged  in  the 
stove  business.  He  continued  so  occupied  in  that  place 
until  1858,  when  he  returned  to  his  farm  in  Franklin 
county.  There  he  remained,  taking  up  various  pursuits, 
until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  Being  of 
patriotic  impulses  and  decided  views  concerning  his  coun- 
try’s condition,  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  46th  Regiment, 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  mustered  into  the  service 
on  October  2d,  1861.  He  soon  after  accompanied  this  regi- 
ment to  the  field,  and  saw  service  in  the  celebrated  actions 
of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Siege  of  Corinth,  Haines’  Bluff,  Siege 
of  Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Missionary  Ridge,  Resaca,  Dallas, 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro’  and  Pine  Hill,  and 
other  battles  of  not  so  gre.at  moment.  Soon  after  his  en- 
listment he  was  appointed  Orderly  Sergeant.  On  January 
24th,  1862,  he  was  commissioned  as  First  Lieutenant.  He 


was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain  on  February  20th, 
1863,  for  brave  and  meritorious  conduct  on  the  fields  of 
Pittsburgh  Landing,  Shiloh  and  Corinth.  He  was  mustered 
out  of  the  service  by  reason  of  the  expiration  of  his  term  on 
October  26th,  1864.  After  the  fall  of  Memphis  he  was  de- 
tailed for  the  recruiting  service,  as  a commissioned  officer,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio.  This  was  a high  and  well-deserved  com- 
pliment to  his  abilities  and  bearing  as  a soldier  and  a man. 
After  his  discharge  from  active  service  he  was  Assistant  to 
the  Post  Quartermaster,  Colonel  Burr,  at  Columbus,  and  at 
Camp  Chase,  until  October  ist,  1865.  On  the  tenth  day  of 
that  month  he  took  the  Zettler  Hotel,  at  Columbus,  which 
he  managed  until  1871.  In  this  year  he  sold  his  interest  in 
that  house,  and  took  the  United  States  Hotel,  in  the  same 
city,  which  he  kept  for  two  years.  Then  he  left  Columbus, 
and  moved  to  Chillicothe,  where,  as  controller,  he  carries 
on  the  Emmitt  House.  This  hotel  is  one  of  the  first  in  the 
State,  and  under  his  able  management  it  has  prospered. 
Captain  Bovvers  was  married  on  Ajjril  5th,  1864,  to  Eliza- 
beth A.  White,  a native  of  Malden,  Massachusetts,  by  whom 
he  is  the  father  of  five  children.  Politically  he  is  a Repub- 
lican, and  was  formerly  a Whig.  Religiously  he  is  a Prot- 
estant. It  is  worthy  of  mention  that  his  family  on  both 
sides  has  been  remarkable  for  longevity.  At  a meeting  of 
his  grandparents  in  1848,  their  respective  ages  were  74,  79, 
78  and  So. 


ARTIN,  JUDGE  WILLIAM  T.,  was  born,  April 
6th,  1788,  in  Bedford  county,  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  married  in  1814  to  Amelia  Ashcom,  and  early 
in  the  following  year  they  emigrated  to  Ohio,  set- 
tling at  New  Philadelphia,  Tuscarawas  county. 
He  remained  there  but  a short  time,  going  to  Co- 
lumbus in  the  spring  of  the  same  year.  There  he  at  once 
established  himself,  and  was  a resident  of  the  city  from  that 
time  up  to  the  date  of  his  death.  In  the  earlier  part  of  his 
life  in  Pennsylvania  he  had  been  engaged  in  teaching 
school,  and  in  the  mercantile  business;  he  worked,  too,  at 
his  trade,  that  of  a carpenter  and  joiner.  He  came  well 
prepared  to  his  new  home  in  Ohio,  and  was  soon  eng.aged 
in  teaching  and  in  business  as  a carpenter.  In  1820  he  was 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  holding  that  office  by  repeated 
re-elections  for  thirty  years.  He  also  served  for  some  time 
as  Councilman  in  the  Town  Council,  and  was  for  a time 
Mayor  of  the  town.  He  was  for  some  years  clerk  and  store- 
keeper at  the  Ohio  Penitentiary  under  the  old  regime  in  the 
old  building.  In  1831  he  was  elected  County  Recorder, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1846,  w hen  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Cole.  In  1851  he  was  elected  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Franklin  county, 
and  held  the  office  until  it  was  abolished  by  the  adoption  of 
the  new  Constitution.  In  1858  he  published  w'hat  is  known 
as  “ Martin’s  History  of  Franklin  County,”  an  elaborate 
work,  familiar  to  and  highly  prized  in  all  circles.  F'or  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILEDIA. 


number  of  years  previous  to  Mr.  Martin’s  death,  he 
had  been  in  no  public  business,  except  the  position  he 
held  as  Secretary  and  Trustee  of  Green  Lawn  Cemetery 
Association.  Pie  was  remarkable  for  the  smoothness  of  his 
disposition,  and  for  his  charity  for  the  faults  of  others;  the 
latter  with  him  was  a distinguishing  characteristic,  and  he 
never  was  heard  to  speak  in  derision  ot  any  person,  living 
or  dead.  Ilis  charitable  contributions  were  numerous,  and 
were  principally  confined  to  that  class  of  persons  from 
which  the  world  had  turned  with  coldness  and  frowns. 
The  poor  and  needy  of  the  city  recognized  him  as  their 
firmest  friend,  and  one  of  the  most  touching  incidents  of  his 
sickness  was  the  crowd  of  humble  poor,  black  and  white, 
who  came  reverently  to  his  door  each  day,  with  anxious 
faces,  to  inquire  after  the  health  of  their  benefactor ; and 
when  it  was  known  that  he  must  die,  and  family  and  friends 
gave  vent  to  grief,  there  were  corresponding  sobs  and  tears 
in  many  a lonely  house,  and  from  those  who,  like  Uncle 
Tom  at  Eva’s  door,  loitered  near  in  anxious  waiting.  Ilis 
death  occurred  February  19th,  1866.  He  left  bebind  him 
a widow  and  two  children — Mr.  B.  F.  Martin,  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue,  and  Mrs.  Matilda  Wright,  wife  of  Smith- 
son  E.  Wright,  of  Cincinnati.  Judge  Martin  was  one  of 
the  most  useful,  influential  and  universally  respected  citi- 
zens of  Columbus,  a complete  history  of  whose  life  would 
be  a history  of  the  city  and  county,  so  intimately  was  he 
connected  with  e'very  public  movement. 


f-ARV,  SAMUEL  FENTON,  Lawyer  and  Politi- 
cian, was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  February 
l8th,  1814,  and  is  a lineal  descendant  of  John 
Caiy,  of  the  Plymouth  colony.  His  father,  Wil- 
liam Cary,  emigrated  from  New  Hampshire  to 
the  Northwestern  Territory  before  Ohio  was  a 
State.  His  mother,  Rebecca  Fenton,  was  a native  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  was  a sister  of  Governor  Fenton  s 
father.  When  Samuel  was  an  infant  his  parents  removed 
to  a farm  six  miles  from  Cincinnati,  then  a wilderness,  now 
known  as  the  village  of  College  Hill.  Freeman  G.  Cary, 
the  founder  of  Farmers’  College,  is  an  elder  brother,  and 
Alice  and  Phoebe  Cary,  the  world-renowned  poets,  were 
cousins,  and  reared  in  the  same  neighborhood.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Miami  University  in  the  class  of  1835,  and  at  the 
Cincinnati  law  school  in  1837,  and  entered  at  once  upon  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  his  native  city,  and  took  rank  with  the 
first  young  members  of  the  bar.  His  practice  rapidly  in- 
creased, and  when  he  relinquished  the  profession  in  1845,  no 
man  of  his  age  in  the  State  of  Ohio  had  a larger  practice  or 
a more  enviable  reputation  as  an  advocate.  Obeying  his 
philanthropic  impulses,  he  abandoned  the  bar  in  spite  of  the 
remonstrances  of  his  numerous  admirers,  and  devoted  all 
his  energies  to  the  cause  of  temperance.  In  behalf  of  this 
74 


sss 

great  reform  he  has  made  more  public  addresses,  has  been 
heard  by  a greater  number  of  persons,  has  made  larger  con- 
tributions of  time  and  money  than  any  other  man  in  the 
United  States.  He  has  been  repeatedly  heard  in  all  the 
principal  cities  and  towns  and  villages  in  twenty-six  States, 
and  in  all  the  British  Provinces  in  North  America.  He  has 
addressed  immense  audiences  in  all  the  principal  cities  and 
towns  in  England,  Ireland,  Scotland  and  Wales.  In  this 
great  work  a multitude  bless  his  name  on  both  sides  of  the 
ocean.  He  early  became  a Son  of  Temperance,  and  in 
1848  was  chosen  the  head  of  the  order  in  North  America, 
and  is  its  oldest  chief  officer  now  living.  For  twenty  years 
he  was  the  gratuitous  editor  of  temperance  papers  of  large 
circulation,  edited  several  annuals,  and  has  written  several 
tracts  that  have  been  widely  distributed  and  read.  As  early 
as  1S40  he  acquired  a great  reputation  as  a political  speaker, 
and  took  a prominent  and  active  part  in  the  Harrison  cam- 
paign. In  every  Presidential  campaign  since  that  time,  his 
services  have  been  sought  and  appreciated.  There  are  few 
men  in  the  United  States  who  are  his  superiors  on  the 
stump.  During  the  late  civil  war  he  was  indefatigable  and 
very  successful  in  his  efforts  to  fill  up  the  ranks  of  the  Union 
army.  His  style  of  speaking  is  peculiarly  his  own.  A dis- 
tinguished writer  has  said  of  him,  that  “ he  speaks  like  a 
Greek,  with  the  ease,  the  grace,  the  naturalness  of  the  an- 
cient orators.”  His  speeches  are  the  happiest  combinations 
of  logic,  argument  with  sarcasm,  pathos,  apt  illustrations  and 
felicitous  anecdotes.  He  plays  upon  the  passions  and  feel- 
ings of  an  audience  with  consummate  skill.  He  is  five  feet 
eleven  inches  in  height,  weighs  two  hundred  pounds,  has  a 
well-modulated  voice,  never  becomes  hoarse,  never  tires, 
and  has  often  spoken  three  or  four  hours  in  the  open  air  for 
successive  days  and  weeks.  He  uses  no  notes  or  manu- 
scripts, and  weaves  in  every  passing  incident  with  happy 
effect.  In  the  summer  of  1867  he  was  nominated  as  an  in- 
dependent candidate  for  Congress  by  the  workingmen  of 
the  Second  Congressional  District  of  Ohio.  Although  the 
district  was  very  largely  Republican  he  was  elected  by  a 
majority  of  959  votes  over  Richard  Smith,  editor  of  the 
Cincinnati  Gazette.  In  the  Fortieth  Congress  he  took  a 
prominent  part.  He  opposed  the  impeachment  of  Andrew 
Johnson.  He  opposed  the  reconstruction  acts  of  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  his  course  secured  him  the  confidence  and 
support  of  the  Democratic  party,  although  he  had  always 
been  identified  with  the  Whig  and  Republican  organiza- 
tions. Since  Mr.  Cary  left  public  life,  he  has  returned  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati,  but  is  prominent  and 
active  in  every  political  campaign.  He  is  devoted  to  the 
interests  of  the  laboring  classes,  and  is  regarded  by  them  as 
an  able  expounder  of  their  principles.  When  in  Congress 
he  delivered  a powerful  .speech  on  the  rights  and  wrongs  of 
laljor,  which  was  extensively  circulated,  and  added  greatly 
to  his  popularity  among  the  working  classes  throughout  the 
country.  In  the'  contest  of  1875  he  was  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio,  but  was  de- 


586 


BIOGRAnnCAL  ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 


feateJ.  In  1S36  lie  married  Maria  Louisa  Allen,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, who  died  in  1847.  i849  he  married  Lida  S. 

Stilwell,  who  is  still  living. 


^RANGER,  MOSES  M.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  on  October  22d,  1S31,  and  is 
the  second  son  of  his  father,  who  was  born  in 
Suffield,  Connecticut.  Ilis  mother  was  a native 
of  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio.  He  obtained  his  educa- 
tion by  attendance  at  public  and  private  schools 
until  1S46,  when  he  started  to  attend  Kenyon  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1850.  Shortly  after  leaving  college 
he  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Judge  C.  C.  Congners, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on  January  4th,  1853.  Enter- 
ing upon  practice  he  gradually  acrpiired  a good  business. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  proffered  his  services  in  the 
Union  cause,  and  entered  the  army  as  Captain  of  the  l8th 
United  States  Infantry.  He  became  Major  of  the  I22d 
Ohio  Volunteers  on  September  loth,  1862  ; was  promoted 
to  be  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  same  on  May  1st,  1863  ; and 
on  October  19th,  1864,  the  day  on  which  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Creek  was  fought,  was  brevetted  Colonel  of  United  States 
Volunteers.  He  resigned  his  commission  on  December 
l6th,  1864.  In  April  of  the  following  year  he  became  City 
Solicitor  of  Z.tnesville,  and  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Mus- 
kingum county  in  January,  1866.  He  was  chosen  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  ; entered  on  the  duties  of  the 
position  on  December  loth,  1866,  and  resigned  on  October 
9th,  1871.  He  married  Mary  11.  Reese,  daughter  of  Gen- 
eral William  J.  Reese,  of  Lancaster,  Ohio,  whose  mother 
was  a sister  of  General  Sherman. 


OOER.S,  HENRY,  Iron  Founder,  was  bom, 
October  21st,  i8o5,  in  the  town  of  Lansing, 
near  Ithaca,  Tompkins  county.  New  York.  His 
father  was  a native  of  New  Jersey,  and  a miller 
by  trade.  He  removed  to  Cayuga  county,  when 
Henry  was  about  five  years  old,  and  operated  a 
grist  mill,  in  the  town  of  Genoa,  for  about  two  years.  He 
then  removed  to  a farm,  on  what  was  then  known  as  the 
“ Crocker  Land,”  in  Tompkins  county,  where  he  remained 
for  about  three  years,  and  thence  proceeded,  with  his  family, 
to  the  neighborhood  of  Kingston,  Canada,  where  he  man- 
aged  a grist-mill  for  about  one  year,  and  thence  moved  into 
Kingston,  where  he  obtained  employment  in  unloading 
vessels,  etc.  After  passing  about  a year  in  that  town,  he  de- 
cided to  return  to  New  York,  and  stopped  a year  at  Sodtis 
Pay,  near  Owego.  I'inally,  the  family  returned  and  settled 
in  Ithaca,  where  the  parents  afterwards  died.  Henry  passed 
two  years  in  working  in  summer  on  a farm,  and  attending 
the  school  during  the  winter  months,  this  being  about  all 


the  education  he  acquired.  He  had  been  reared  to  hard 
work,  and  chopped  wood  ; when  but  twelve  years  old,  his 
usual  task  was  one  cord  per  day.  When  sixteen  years  old 
he  went  to  work  in  his  brother-in-law’s  foundry  (King’s), 
where  he  remained  two  years,  acquiring  a knowledge  of  the 
mechanical  part  of  the  business.  He  next  was  engaged  at 
Coffin  & Dennis’  foundry,  at  Ithaca  I'alls,  and  at  the  end  of 
two  years,  having  had  his  wages  gradually  advanced  from 
seventy-five  cents  per  day  to  one  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents,  he  was  appointed  foreman  by  the  firm,  and  placed  in 
charge  of  their  foundry  and  machine-shop,  at  what  was  then 
considered  a high  salary,  fifty  dollars  per  month.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  capacity  for  about  eight  years,  enjoying  the 
entire  confidence  of  the  firm,  and  originating  many  valuable 
improvements  in  the  equipping  and  running  of  their  various 
woiks,  refusing  at  one  time  to  receive  full  pay,  during  a 
season  when  their  business  was  unusually  dull,  being  con- 
tented with  forty  dollars  per  month.  While  foreman,  about 
1830,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  a concave  mould-board  plow, 
instead  of  the  convex  form  then  in  use;  and  had  some  made 
and  sold  of  this  new  pattern.  They  rapidly  came  into  use, 
and  the  invention  became  public  property,  as  he  had  neg- 
lected to  apply  for  a patent ; and  no  plow  manufacturer  has 
been  able  to  monopolize  that  feature  since.  He  is  gifted 
with  an  innate  mechanical  ingenuity,  and  at  that  time  was 
recognized  as  a skilful  and  energetic  manager.  He  was 
both  industrious  and  economical,  and  made  his  home  with 
his  parents,  assuming  the  burden  of  their  support  when 
helpless  from  disease.  In  1836,  having  saved  about  three 
thousand  dollars,  besides  owning  a good  house  and  lot,  he 
decided  to  go  into  business  for  himself.  His  attention  was 
attracted  towards  the  anthracite  coal  region  of  Pennsylvania, 
then  beginning  to  be  systematically  worked,  and  he  went  to 
the  Beaver  Meadow  region  to  start  a foundry,  and  removed 
thither  with  his  family.  He  was  proposing  to  associate  one 
of  his  brothers  in  business  as  a paitner,  and  intrusted  him 
with  the  greater  part  of  his  money,  to  purchase  iron,  etc. 
Through  the  misconduct  of  his  brother  the  funds  were  all 
lost,  and  he  was  left  almost  without  resources.  Determined, 
however,  to  carry  out  his  enterprise,  he  succeeded  in  start- 
ing a small  foundry,  run  by  horse  power,  and  very  soon  was 
doing  a profitable  business  in  making  car-wheels,  and  doing 
other  work  for  the  coal  companies.  He  remained  there  only 
about  two  years,  when,  having  an  opportunity  to  sell  his 
foundiy  to  good  advantage,  he  returned  to  Ithaca.  While 
at  Beaver  Meadows  he  made  a very  important  improvement 
in  car-wheels,  casting  them  with  a solid  hub — instead  of  the 
former  mode  of  casting  in  two  sections — and  for  which  he 
was  granted  letters  patent,  March  loth,  1838.  Hon. 
.Samuel  D.  Ingham,  for  some  time  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
under  the  Jackson  administration,  was  then  the  president  of 
the  Beaver  Meadow  and  Hazleton  Coal  Company,  and  un- 
dertook to  contest  his  claim  to  this  invention,  and  a long 
and  expensive  scries  of  lilig.ations  was  the  result.  Mr. 
.Mooers  was  engaged  in  defending  his  claim  for  between  two 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


587 


and  three  years  after  leaving  Pennsylvania,  and  expended 
in  it  all  he  had  gained  there;  he  was,  however,  successful 
in  substantiating  his  claim,  and  held  his  patent.  He  was 
employed  for  some  time  in  Ithaca  as  a foreman,  and  in  1S40, 
joining  a fellow-workman,  named  Benjamin  C.  Vail,  pur- 
chased a small  foundry  in  that  town,  which  they  operated 
for  several  years  successfully.  They  erected  a new  shop, 
and  were  doing  a very  profitable  business,  when  their  works 
took  fire  and  were  entirely  destroyed.  Their  liabilities 
were  $45,000,  and  the  entire  amount  was  liquidated,  chiefly 
from  the  collection  of  accounts  due  them,  but  their  capital 
was  entirely  swept  away  by  the  disaster.  Mr.  Mooers  had 
some  time  previously  been  granted  another  patent,  for  an 
improved  side-hill  plow,  which  was  very  po])ular  at  the 
time,  and  he  had  employed  a man  named  Hardy,  as  his 
agent,  to  sell  the  right.  Leaving  his  late  partner,  Vail,  to 
settle  up  their  business,  he  started  to  look  after  Hardy,  who 
had  been  very  successful  in  disposing  of  the  territory,  and 
had  realized  a large  amount  of  money.  These  funds  Hardy 
appropriated  to  his  own  use,  and  Mr.  Mooers  again  found 
himself  without  any  means,  except  his  house  in  Ithaca. 
After  some  time  he  succeeded  in  leasing  the  foundry  of  V. 
Conrad,  in  Ithaca,  and  was  occupied  for  several  years  in  the 
manufacture  of  car  wheels,  threshing  machines,  etc.  During 
this  period  he  traded  some  machines  for  a tract  of  pine 
lands  in  the  Saginaw  region,  which  he  has  held  until  they 
have  become  valuable,  and  a source  of  income  from  saw- 
mills on  the  land,  in  which  he  has  an  interest.  In  1852  he 
closed  his  business  in  Ithaca,  and  removed  to  Buffalo,  where 
he  again  engaged  in  the  foundry  and  car-wheel  business 
with  other  parties,  the  firm  being  Mooers,  Purdy  & Co. 
The  works  were  -carried  on  very  prosperously  for  several 
years,  until  the  company  became  involved  through  the  dis- 
honesty of  one  of  its  members,  and  the  partnership  was  dis- 
solved in  1858.  After  the  affairs  of  the  partnership  were 
finally  settled,  he  found  he  had  saved  something,  and  in 
i860  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  tarried  for  a while  in  Toledo, 
and  found  employment  at  the  Novelty  Works.  In  the 
autumn  of  that  year  he  went  South,  and  with  a companion 
named  Hamilton,  visited  Nashville,  with  a view  of  starting 
car  works  there,  and  was  offered  fine  inducements  by  Mr. 
Stevenson,  a railroad  President.  The  Presidential  canvass 
was  then  in  progress,  and  the  general  excitement  prevailing 
decided  them  not  to  remain.  Hamilton  especially  became 
greatly  alarmed  at  Mooer’s  outspoken  abolition  sentiments, 
and  did  not  rest  until  they  had  reached  free  territory.  Re- 
turning to  Toledo,  they  leased  a building  on  the  site  of  the 
jjresent  works,  and  proceeded  to  fit  it  up  as  a foundry  and 
machine  shop.  Soon  after  it  went  into  operation,  he  pur- 
chased Hamilton’s  interest  in  it,  and  subsequently  Mr. 
Shoemaker  became  his  partner  for  a few  years,  but  eventu- 
ally disposed  of  his  share  to  his  partner.  In  1868  he  asso- 
ciated his  son  and  two  sons-in-law,  Messrs.  Cook,  brothers, 
and  the  business  has  been  since  carried  on  without  change, 
the  firm  being  chiefly  engaged  in  building  circular  saw-mills 


and  steam-engines.  The  senior  member  of  this  firm  has 
been  noted  from  his  youth  as  a staunch  temperance  man 
and  one  of  the  earliest  workers  in  that  cause.  While  a 
citizen  of  Ithaca,  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Sons  of 
Temperance,  and  a prominent  member  of  the  Grand  Divi- 
sion of  the  State.  He  devoted  much  of  his  time  and  means 
towards  the  furtherance  of  the  cause,  and  aided  largely  by 
his  influence  and  efforts  in  carrying  the  State  election  in 
favor  of  temperance  measures. at  one  time,  when  Myron  11. 
Clark  was  elected  Governor.  Since  his  residence  in  Toledo, 
he  has  been  identified  with  all  temperance  movements  and 
organizations,  and  has  ever  been  known  as  an  uncompromis- 
ing  opponent  to  the  traffic  in  everything  that  intoxicates, 
even  refusing  to  use  any  medicine  himself  that  contains 
alcohol  in  its  preparation,  and  will  doubtless  die,  as  he  has 
lived,  a thorough  and  radical  teetotaller.  In  1873  "'tis 
sent  as  one  of  a committee  from  Toledo,  to  visit  and  inspect 
the  Silicon  Steel  Works  at  Elmira,  New  York.  At  the 
same  time  he  visited  Ithaca,  where  he  met  Hon.  Ezra  Cor- 
nell, whom  he  had  once  known  as  a farmer  boy,  who  like 
himself  had  first  visited  Ithaca  to  work  for  a livelihood. 
Henry  Mooers  was  married  in  Dryden,  New  York,  to 
Cynthia  Milk. 

E.ST,  JOSEPH  IL,  Lawyer,  was  born,  November 
22d,  1822,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio.  He  is  the 
second  of  eleven  children  of  Peyton  West  and 
Sarah  Hadley.  Peyton  West  was  a native  of 
Pittsylvania  county,  Virginia,  and  by  occupation 
a surveyor.  In  1807  he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  set- 
tling in  Clinton  county,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little 
Miami  river,  where  he  died,  August  22d,  1870.  He  was 
identified  with  the  growth  of  Clinton  county,  taking  a promi- 
nent part  in  all  enterprises  of  public  moment.  Peyton  West 
was  one  of  the  first  surveyors  of  Clinton  county,  discharging 
the  duties  of  that  office  for  about  twenty  five  years.  For 
several  years  he  was  Collector  of  Taxes  for  his  county. 
Sarah  Hadley  West  was  a native  of  Guilford  county.  North 
Carolina,  and  daughter  of  James  Hadley,  an  early  jiioneer 
who  settled  in  Highland  county  in  1804.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  bred  to  a life  of  industry  and  morality,  under 
the  best  of  home  influences.  He  was  employed  at  farm 
work  until  he  reached  manhood.  His  education  had  been 
so  meagre  that  up  to  this  time  he  could  scarcely  read. 
The  spur  of  ambition  impelled  him  to  seek  means  to  improve 
his'mind  and  fit  himself  for  a life  of  usefulness.  In  1843 
he  walked  barefooted  to  Wilmington,  Clinton  county,  a dis- 
tance of  twelve  miles.  Here  he  attended  school  for  about 
one  year,  doing  any  honest  work  the  while  that  would  en- 
able him  to  pay  his  board.  He  improved  his  time  so  well 
that  he  secured  a teacher’s  certificate,  and  immediately  took 
charge  of  a school  in  Clinton  county.  He  remained  in  this 
position,  discharging  his  duty  faithfully,  reading  law  and 
cultivating  his  mind  generally,  for  one  year,  when  he  re- 


588 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


turned  to  Wilmington  and  pursued  his  law  studies  for  six 
months.  In  Noveml)er,  1845,  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  and 
for  the  next  six  months  was  employed  as  salesman  in  a 
wholesale  dry-goods  house.  In  1846  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  Company  B,  9th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  and 
started  for  iMexico.  He  went  with  his  regiment  as  far  as 
New  Orleans  to  be  mustered  into  the  service.  In  conse- 
quence of  a disabled  shoulder  he  was  unable  to  pass  muster, 
and  was  therefore  honorably  discharged.  He  found  him- 
self away  from  home  and  without  money.  He  worked  his 
way  on  a steamboat  up  to  Vicksburg,  where  he  remained  a 
few  weeks,  and  then  went  up  the  Yazoo  river  to  engage  in 
lumber  rafting.  After  being  thus  employed  for  several 
months  he  lande<i  with  his  raft  at  New  Orleans,'  June  29th, 
1847,  route  for  home.  From  New  Orleans  he  took  pas- 
sage to  Cincinnati,  where  he  obtained  employment  as  a sales- 
man in  a wholesale  grocery  house.  He  remained  in  this 
situation  until  November  of  1848,  when  he  took  a stock  of 
goods  and  opened  a store  for  his  firm  at  Williamstown, 
Grant  county,  Kentucky.  In  this  way  he  conducted  busi- 
ness for  his  firm  until  September,  1851,  when  the  latter 
failed.  By  the  failure  of  his  principals  he  lost  what  money 
he  had,  and  was  obliged  to  borrow  money  from  a friend  in 
order  to  reach  Martinsville,  in  his  native  county.  In  Janu- 
ary of  1852  he  was  employed  as  driver  of  a notion  wagon, 
but  one  month  of  such  employment  sufficed  to  turn  him  to 
other  pursuits.  In  1853  he  located  again  at  Martinsville 
and  resumed  reading  law.  July  14th,  1854,116  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Xenia,  Ohio,  and  immediately  opened  a law 
office  at  Wilmington,  Clinton  county.  Six  months  after  his 
admission  to  the  bar,  he  was  engaged  as  attorney  to  the 
Cincinnati,  Wilmington  & Zanesville  Railroad  Company, 
holding  that  position  until  i860.  In  the  meantime  he  had 
been  admitted  to  practise  in  the  United  States  courts.  In 
October  of  i860  he  was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Clinton 
county,  and  was  re-elected  in  1863,  discharging  the  duties 
of  that  position  for  about  six  years.  Since  1866  he  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  the  management  of  a large  legal 
practice.  He  has  been  an  ardent  Republican  since  the 
organization  of  that  party,  and  was  a delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  of  1864.  He  is  a man  of  forcilile 
character  and  affable  demeanor.  September  19th,  1850,  he 
married  Henrietta  Stroud,  a native  of  Williamstown,  Grant 
county,  Kentucky.  Edward  J.  West,  his  eldest  son,  was 
born,  December  8th,  1851,  at  Blanchester,  Clinton  county, 
Ohio.  He  passed  his  boyhood  on  a farm,  and  received  a 
liberal  education  at  the  Wilmington  High  School.  He 
began  to  read  law  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  pursued  his 
studies  with  great  diligence.  For  two  years  he  taught 
school,  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  his  law  books.  Janu- 
ary 29th,  1873,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1875  he 
was  brought  out  by  his  fellow-citizens  and  elected  Prosecut- 
ing Attorney  of  Clinton  county.  He  is  probably  the 
youngest  man  in  the  State  filling  such  a position.  Before 
he  was  of  age  Mr.  West  had  made  a reputation  as  a news- 


paper correspondent,  and  was  prominent  as  an  orator.  He 
was  especially  known  to  the  people  of  his  county  as  a vigor- 
ous and  enthusiastic  temperance  lecturer  and  Sunday-school 
worker,  having  been  sent  as  the  representative  of  Clinton 
county  to  the  Ohio  State  Sunday-School  Conventions  of 
1872-73-74-75.  Mr.  West  has  thus  far  displayed  great 
energy  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  gives  promise 
of  a useful  career. 


j ADE,  JEPTHA  H.  (universally  known  as  the 
“Telegrapher  ”),  Inventor  and  Banker,  was  born 
in  Seneca  county.  New  York,  August  nth,  1811. 
He  is  the  son  of  Jeptha  Wade,  a surveyor  and 
civil  engineer.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
quite  young,  and  he  was  therefore  compelled  to 
take  care  of  himself.  He  was  first  apprenticed  as  carpenter 
and  attracted  the  attention  of  those  with  whom  he  was  asso- 
ciated by  his  superior  genius,  in  construction  of  several  rare 
and  complic.ited  musical  instruments  on  which  he  pl.ayed 
in  church  and  in  the  bands.  He  was  the  commander  of 
the  four  hundred  Seneca  county  riflemen,  when  every  man 
cept  his  own  rille,  and  closed  the  season  with  target  jrractice ; 
he  was  unexcelled  as  a marksman.  At  twenty-one  he 
owned  a large  sash  and  blind  factory.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
four  his  ambition  led  him  to  the  studio  of  the  portrait  artist, 
Randall  Palmer.  His  success  was  wonderful,  and  in  a few 
years,  throughout  the  States  of  New  York,  Michigan,  and 
Louisiana,  he  was  noted  for  the  beautiful  portraits  he  had 
painted.  When  residing  in  Adrian,  Michigan,  he  became 
interested  in  the  discovery  of  Daguerre  and  sent  for  a 
camera,  and  aided  only  by  printed  instructions,  took  the 
first  daguerreotype  ever  executed  west  of  New  York. 
While  in  New  Orleans  he  found  that  his  health  required 
more  out-door  employment,  and  as  the  first  telegraph  line 
between  Washington  and  Baltimore  had  just  been  built,  he 
returned  to  Detroit,  and  after  a brief  study  into  the  mysteries 
of  the  new  science,  at  the  head  of  a corps  of  laborers  began 
to  construct  along  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  the  first 
telegraph  line  west  of  Buffalo.  He  opened  and  equipped 
the  Jackson  office,  being  self-taught,  served  both  as  operator 
and  manager  until  he  began  to  construct  as  proprietor.  He 
soon  had  lines  of  telegrajrh  the  length  and  breadth  of  Ohio 
and  west  to  St.  Louis,  which  were  called  the  “ Wade  lines.” 
Soon  he  had  more  or  less  trouble  from  stockholders  who 
were  anxious  for  dividends,  ignorant  employes,  imperfect 
insulation  and  sharp  competition.  The  imperfect  insulation 
was  overcome  by  his  invention,  the  “ Wade  insulator,”  now 
in  use.  He  enclosed  the  submarine  cable  in  iron  across  the 
Mississippi,  at  St.  Louis,  which  invention  led  to  telegraph 
cables  across  the  oceans.  The  House  Printing-Telegraph 
Company  joined  the  Wade,  Speed,  and  other  competing 
lines  in  consolidation  under  the  name  of  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company ; Mr.  Wade  w'as  General  Man.ager, 
with  head-quarters  in  Rochester,  New  York.  This  company. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


589 


by  long  connected  circuits  instead  of  frequent  stoppages  and 
repetitions,  and  delivery  entirely  by  telegraph,  killed  compe- 
tition and  became  successful.  He  conceived  and  carried 
into  practical  operation  the  Pacific  Telegraph  from  St.  Louis 
to  San  Francisco.  He  thus  furnished  the  builders  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  their  example,  as  they  followed 
practically  the  route  he  had  laid  out  with  his  telegraph.  He 
started  out  in  the  spring  of  1861  with  more  than  one  hun- 
dred fat  beef  cattle,  wagons,  tools,  material  for  the  entire 
line,  tents  and  provisions  for  men,  a knife,  a pair  of  revolv- 
ers, and  a sixteen-shooter  rifle,  to  defend  themselves  against 
the  Indians,  and  although  in  many  places  they  had  to  draw 
timber  for  posts  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  and  water  for 
men  and  teams  long  distances,  yet  notwithstanding  these 
and  other  difficulties  the  line  was  completed  on  the  24th  of 
October  of  that  same  year.  He  was  the  first  President  of 
the  Pacific  Telegraph  Company,  and  when  it  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  he  w.as 
made  President  of  the  entire  combination,  which  position  he 
continued  to  hold  until  1867,  w'hen  he  resigned  in  conse- 
quence of  a serious  illness  caused  by  overwork.  Although 
he  has  a large  fortune,  acquired  by  industry,  perseverance 
and  capacity  for  executing  great  projects,  he  is  not  idle,  but 
is  a leading  director  in  many  of  the  largest  factories,  banks, 
railroads  and  other  public  institutions.  When  the  Citizens’ 
Savings  and  Loan  Association  of  Cleveland  was  organized 
in  1867,  he  was  elected  its  President.  He  originated  the 
Lake  View  Cemetery  Association,  and  as  its  President 
opened  it  to  the  public  m 1871.  The  “Wade  Park,”  an 
extensive  tract  of  land,  has  been  beautified  at  his  own  ex- 
pense, and  the  public  enjoy  the  benefit  of  its  beauties.  He 
is  appreciated  in  Cleveland  as  one  of  her  benefactors  for  his 
unostentatious  charities,  and  for  opening,  beautifying,  and 
improving  localities  and  streets. 


^fr^UCKEY,  AUGUSTUS  W.,  Real  Estate  Operator, 
was  born,  March  6th,  1817,  in  Gallipolis,  Ohio, 
and  is  a son  of  John  L.  and  Anna  (Wolflerj 
Luckey.  His  father  was  a native  of  Maryland; 
he  was  married  in  Middletown,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1816,  and  soon  after  removed  to  Ohio,  moving 
his  wife  and  worldly  goods  in  a one-horse  wagon  over  the 
mountains,  and  located  at  Gallipolis.  In  December,  1823, 
they  removed  to  northern  Ohio,  stopping  first  at  Lower 
Sandusky,  now  Fremont.  His  father  having  located  one 
hundred  acres  of  government  land  on  Portage  river,  sixteen 
miles  distant  from  Lower  Sandusky,  moved  his  family  there 
in  the  same  month,  and  w’ere  five  days  on  this  short  journey 
of  sixteen  miles,  being  obliged  to  cut  their  way  through  the 
woods,  and  ford  the  streams.  After  they  reached  the  tract 
of  land,  they  were  obliged  to  build  a log  house,  and  during 
the  winter  suffered  many  privations.  In  the  following 
summer  they  were  nearly  prostr.ated  with  the  fevers  which 


prevailed  throughout  the  region.  There  were  but  few 
neighbors  at  first,  but  towards  the  close  of  1824,  some  more 
settlers  appeared.  The  country,  however,  improved  but 
slowly,  although  it  became  healthier  after  farms  were  opened. 
Two  years  after  the  family  arrived,  a school-house  was 
built,  which  Augustus  attended  when  about  eight  years  old. 
He  received  all  his  education  in  the  district  schools  held 
there,  but  was  generally  employed  in  assisting  his  father  to 
clear  the  farm,  or  in  working  by  the  month  in  the  vicinity. 
When  fourteen  years  old,  he  worked  one  season  at  four 
dollars  per  month  wages.  He  married  when  in  his  twen- 
tieth year,  and  commenced  a farm  on  forty  acres  of  land  on 
Toussaint  creek,  which  he  had  purchased;  it  was  about 
three  miles  distant  from  his  father’s  place.  He  commenced 
with  nothing.  He  built  a cabin,  but  had  neither  furniture 
to  place  in  it,  nor  a team  to  assist  him  in  clearing  the  land. 
He  remained  there  two  years,  when  his  parents  died,  and 
he  returned  to  the  homestead ; this  was  situated  on  the 
river  opposite  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Elmore.  He 
was  elected  a Justice  of  the  Peace  when  he  was  twenty-one 
years  old,  and  held  that  position  for  nine  years.  Until  1850 
he  was  chiefly  employed  in  clearing  and  working  the  farm, 
and  gradually  improved  his  financial  condition.  At  that  date 
he  purchased  a tract  of  land  opposite  his  farm  for  John  H. 
Foster,  of  Norwalk,  and  laid  out  the  town  of  Elmore.  Dur- 
ing the  following  year  he  purchased  P'oster’s  interests  in  the 
place,  and  proceeded  to  dispose  of  the  lots.  The  Cleveland 
& Toledo  Railroad  was  completed  the  same  year,  and  as  it 
passed  through  Elmore,  the  lots  sold  off  rapidly  and  profit- 
ably. He  continued  to  make  investments  in  lands,  and 
found  himself  in  a few  years  engaged  in  an  extensive  real 
estate  business,  buying  and  selling  for  himself  and  others  in 
Ottawa  and  adjoining  counties.  His  transactions  have  been 
very  large  and  varied.  In  one  township  near  Elmore, 
nearly  every  tract  has  been  owned  or  sold  by  him.  He  is 
now  associated  with  Hon.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  and  others 
in  real  estate  operations  in  Toledo  and  its  vicinity.  In 
political  sentiments  he  was  formerly  an  old-line  Whig,  and 
after  the  disintegration  of  that  party  was  inclined  towards 
conservative  views,  but  during  the  late  civil  war  he  was  one 
of  the  most  active  in  his  own  county  in  aiding  the  govern- 
ment and  raising  recruits.  His  son,  James  B.  Luckey, 
though  but  seventeen  years  of  age,  recruited  a company  fur 
the  3d  Ohio  Cavalry,  and  served  as  Captain  of  Comjrany  L 
throughout  the  war.  In  1864,  when  it  seemed  almost  im- 
possible to  induce  men  to  enlist,  Mr.  Luckey  persuaded 
more  than  one  to  go  to  the  field,  giving  one  man  forty  acres 
of  good  land,  to  another  one  hundred  dollars,  and  pledged 
himself  individually  to  contribute  three  dollars  per  month 
to  the  families  of  all  who  should  volunteer.  He  was  also 
appointed  hy  Governor  Tod,  and  acted  very  efficiently,  as  a 
Draft  Commissioner.  He  was  married,  February  26th, 
1837,10  Desire  M.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Hall,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  at  Port  Clinton,  and  an  owner  of  extensive  tracts 
of  land  and  of  several  mills  on  Portage  river.  He  has  had 


590 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


four  children,  of  whom  two  are  now  living.  Mary,  his 
daughter,  is  the  wife  of  D.  Wood,  and  resides  in  Fortino; 
and  his  son,  Janies  B.,  is  associated  with  him  in  the  real 
estate  business.  The  latter  is  now  Auditor  of  Ottawa 
county,  a Republican  in  politics,  but  elected  in  a county 
strongly  Democratic. 


lAWSON,  LA  QUINIO,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 
Farmer,  was  born,  September  14th,  1804,  in  the 
town  of  Erwin,  F'ranklin  county,  Massachusetts, 
and  is  a son  of  Lemuel  Rawson,  a native  of  the 
same  State,  and  a lineal  descendant  of  Edward 
Rawson,  the  first  Secretary  of  the  colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  who  emigrated  from  Gillingham,  England,  in 
1636,  to  New  England,  and  represented  the  town  of  New- 
bury in  the  General  Court  of  the  year  1639.  Dr.  Rawson 
passed  his  early  years  upon  his  father’s  farm,  attending  the 
district  school  during  the  winter  season.  When  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  entered  the  academy,  where  he  continued 
for  two  years,  teaching  school  in  the  winter.  When  about 
nineteen  years  old  he  left  home  and  travelled  to  Ohio, 
reaching  Newbury,  Geauga  county,  where  an  elder  brother 
resided,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  March, 
1824,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  brother, 
remaining  in  his  office  about  two  years,  and  thence  went  to 
Zanesville,  where  he  continued  his  readings  with  Dr. 
P'lanner.  In  July,  1826,  he  was  licensed  by  the  Ohio 
Medical  Society,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Crawford  county,  where  he  remained  about  eighteen 
months.  In  December,  1827,  he  removed  to  the  town  of 
Lower  Sandusky — now  Fremont — and  resumed  his  practice. 
The  country  was  new,  and  the  town  contained  less  than 
three  hundred  inhabitants.  There  were  but  few  physicians 
in  that  section,  and  the  practice  was  very  laborious  and 
trying  to  the  soundest  constitution.  In  1833  he  went  to 
Cincinnati,  where  he  passed  the  winter  in  attendance  upon 
the  lectures  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  receiving  from 
that  institution  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  He 
subsequently  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  attended  the  lec- 
tures delivered  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
also  graduated,  and  received  the  diploma  of  that  celebrated 
school,  and  also  the  diploma  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  became  a member.  While  continuing 
the  active  practice  of  medicine,  he  held  the  office  of  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Cotnmon  Pleas  of  Sandusky  county,  and 
also  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  continuously  from  1836  to 
1852.  In  1855  he  became,  with  others,  interested  in  the 
construction  of  the  Lake  Erie  & Louisville  Railroad ; and 
at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  company  was  made 
its  President,  which  office  he  continues  to  hold.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  management  of  the  road,  aiding 
it  lilrerally  with  his  means.  Previous  to  i860  he  withdrew 
entirely  from  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  since 
employed  his  leisure  time  in  agricultural  pursuits,  he  being 


the  owner  of  a fine  farm  at  a short  distance  from  the  town 
limits,  and  also  of  another  some  miles  beyond,  which  is 
devoted  to  stock  raising.  He  is  a stockholder  and  a Direc- 
tor of  the  First  National  Bank  of  P'remont.  He  is  a Re- 
publican in  politics,  but  has  never  been  a candidate  for  any 
office.  He  was,  however,  a delegate  to  the  National  Con- 
vention of  1864,  which  assembled  in  Baltimore,  and  nomi- 
nated President  Lincoln  for  a second  term.  He  was 
married,  July  8th,  1829,  at  Fremont,  to  Sophia  Beaugrand, 
and  has  had  eight  children,  of  whom  there  are  but  three 
now  living — one  daughter  and  two  sons — all  at  home.  His 
eldest  son,  Eugene  A.  Rawson,  born  March  14th,  1840, 
enlisted  in  the  army  while  at  school  in  Homer,  New  York, 
and  was  several  times  promoted.  While  Major  of  the  77th 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  leading  his  command  in  a 
charge  at  Tupelo,  Mississippi,  in  1864,  he  fell  mortally 
wounded. 


RIMBLE,  ALLEN,  ex-Governor  of  Ohio,  was 
born  in  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  November  24th, 
1783.  His  ancestors,  paternal  and  maternal, 
were  of  the  intelligent,  adventurous  Scotch-Irish 
stock  that  at  an  early  day  settled  the  valley  of 
Virginia  and  formed  the  bulwark  of  stout  arms 
and  brave  hearts  between  the  Northwestern  Indians  and 
the  Eastern  settlements  of  Virginia.  In  one  of  their  savage 
and  merciless  assaults  on  this  border  population  of  Augusta 
county,  John  Trimble,  the  grandfather  of  Allen,  was  slain 
while  defending  his  home  and  family,  and  James,  his  only 
son,  then  a lad  of  ten  years,  with  others,  taken  prisoners. 
This  bloodstained  band  was  successfully  pursued  over  the 
Allegheny  mountains  by  a party  under  Colonel  Moffit,  a 
stepson  of  John  Trimble,  the  Indians  surprised,  and  the 
prisoners  rescued.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age  James, 
the  father  of  Allen  Trimble,  participated  in  the  severely 
contested  but  decisive  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  fought  by 
the  valley  troops,  under  General  Lewis,  in  1774,  with  the 
combined  Indian  forces,  under  their  most  distinguished 
chief.  Cornstalk.  He  also  commanded  a company  of  bor- 
der troops  during  the  revolutionary  war,  that  aided  in  suc- 
cessfully repelling  the  frequent  inroads  attempted  on  the 
border  settlements  by  the  combined  British  and  Indian 
forces.  In  1780  he  married  Jane,  daughter  of  James  Allen, 
whose  only  brothers  perished  on  battle-fields  — one  at 
Grant’s  defeat,  near  P'ort  Duquesne,  and  the  other  at  Point 
Pleasant,  under  Lewis.  In  1784  Captain  Trimble,  having 
previously  located  in  Kentucky  the  land  warrants  received 
for  military  service,  formed,  with  his  young  family,  part  of 
a company  of  over  500  souls  who,  under  command  of  Gen- 
eral Knox,  of  revolutionary  memory,  traversed  the  wilder- 
ness from  Virginia  to  the  interior  of  Kentucky  on  horseback, 
depending  upon  ^heir  rifles  for  supplies  and  for  defence 
against  hostile  Indians.  Allen,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  eleven  months  old,  and  was  carried  in  his  mother’s 


>i 


\ 

■IK*' 


\ fV 


.*  ^iff  ' 

. i 


i» 


',^^■(^.f,  ly,":.  AT 

" ■■  , I **  , 

- '.  ' ''  ?■■'''  ' 

'jll  'I  '.iJ, 


/ 

» 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


591 


arms  on  this  tedious  and  perilous  journey.  Captain  Trim- 
ble settled  a few  miles  from  McConnell’s  Station  (now 
Le.xington,  Kentucky),  where  he  continued  till  his  death 
in  1804.  He  had  in  1S02,  inlluenced  by  high  moral  and 
religious  considerations,  and  with  a view  to  the  ultimate 
interests  of  his  growing  family,  resolved  to  manumit  his 
slaves  and  make  his  home  in  the  territory  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  river.  In  execution  of  this  purpose  he  visited  Ohio 
in  1S02,  accompanied  by  his  son  Allen,  and  selected  lands 
in  the  Scioto  and  Paint  valleys,  and  one  tract  of  1200  acres 
on  Clear  Creek,  in  Highland  county.  On  this  latter  he 
determined  to  locate  his  family,  and  in  April,  1S04,  with  a 
sufficient  working  force,  built  on  it  a comfortable  double 
log  cabin,  cleared  the  land,  and  planted  an  orchard  of  five 
or  six  acres,  the  trees  for  which  were  carried  on  horseback 
from  Kentucky,  his  son  Allen  managing  the  home  business 
during  his  absence.  The  death  of  his  father  in  October  of 
this  year  (1804)  left  Allen — not  yet  twenty-one — the  re- 
sponsible head  of  the  family,  with  his  father’s  well-consid- 
ered and  cherished  purposes  to  execute  (save  one,  the 
freedom  of  his  slaves ; the  deeds  for  the  manumission  of 
these  had  been  recorded  in  his  lifetime).  With  a good 
English  and  thorough  business  education,  a self-reliance 
taugbt  by  his  father’s  confidence  and  example,  and  with  a 
strong  sense  of  duty  to  a mother  and  younger  brothers  and 
sisters,  he  was  not  unfitted  for  the  delicate  trust,  and  with 
the  energy  and  despatch  which  distinguished  him  in  after 
life,  he  proceeded  to  settle  the  affairs  of  his  father’s  estate, 
and  in  October,  1805,  took  possession  of  the  residence  in 
Ohio  consecrated  by  his  father’s  labors.  In  1809  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  Su- 
preme Court  for  Highland  county,  and  County  Recorder, 
which  positions  he  occupied  seven  years.  This  appoint- 
ment caused  him  to  make  Hillsborough,  the  county  seat, 
his  residence,  which  it  continued  to  be  during  the  remain- 
der of  his  life.  Notwithstanding  his  official  position,  he 
yielded  to  his  country’s  call  for  brief  periods  of  military 
service  in  both  1812  and  1813.  When  Hull’s  surrender 
exposed  the  frontier  to  the  incursions  of  combined  British 
and  Indian  forces,  and  before  the  United  States  government 
had  provided  means  of  defence.  Governor  Shelby,  of  Ken- 
tucky, appointed  General  Harrison,  of  Ohio,  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Kentucky  troops.  The  latter  issued  a call  for 
regiments  for  thirty  days’  service,  to  be  raised  in  Ohio  and 
join  his  Kentucky  troops.  Allen  Trimble  was  elected 
Colonel  of  one  of  these  regiments,  and  joined  General  Har- 
rison at  St.  Mary’s.  He  was  ordered  with  his  command  to 
the  relief  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Wayne,  which  was  seriously 
threatened  by  the  enemy,  and  to  disperse  the  Indians  com- 
bining on  the  upper  Wabash  and  Eel  rivers.  This  service 
was  performed  in  such  manner  as  to  elicit  from  General 
Harrison  a very  complimentary  approval.  The  time  for 
the  call  having  expired,  and  its  purpose  accomplished,  these 
troops  were  disbanded.  In  1813,  at  the  general  call  of 
Governor  Meigs,  he  marched  a regiment  to  Upper  San- 


dusky. For  want  of  supplies  General  Harrison  was  com- 
pelled to  dismiss  this  patriotic  force  of  Ohio  volunteers  and 
direct  their  return  to  their  homes.  In  1816  Allen  Trimble 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Highland  county  by  a 
large  majority  over  the  former  representative,  and  took  his 
seat  in  the  first  General  Assembly  convened  at  Columbus. 
In  1817  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  from  the  district  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Highland  and  Fayette;  the  same 
constituency  returning  him  four  successive  terms  of  two 
years  each  by  very  large  majorities.  At  the  session  of  1818 
he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Senate  over  General  Robert 
Lucas,  the  former  Speaker,  and  was  continued  in  that  posi- 
tion, almost  by  common  consent,  for  seven  successive  years. 
That  he  should  have  been  continued  Speaker  so  many 
years,  at  a time  when  the  Senate  of  Ohio  was  remarkable 
for  men  of  ability,  is  evidence  that  he  possessed  the  higher 
qualities  of  manhood  which  inspired  and  retained  the  con- 
fidence of  his  compeers.  It  was  claimed  by  them  at  the 
time,  and  oft  repeated  since,  that  Allen  Trimble  made  the 
ablest  presiding  officer  that  had  been  known  in  Ohio.  At 
the  session  of  1821  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator  by 
the  General  Assembly,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Colonel  William  A.  Trimble,  brother  of  Allen. 
The  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  by  provision  of  tbe  Constitution, 
became  tbe  acting  Governor  until  the  position  was  filled  by 
the  people  at  the  general  election  of  October,  1822.  During 
the  session  of  1821  a joint  resolution  of  the  Legislature 
authorized  the  Governor  to  appoint  a committee  to  examine 
and  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly  upon  the  subject 
of  common  schools,  and  the  policy  of  the  adoption  of  the 
system  by  the  State  of  Ohio.  The  acting  Governor  was 
careful  to  appoint  men  of  enlightened  and  liberal  views, 
trusting  to  the  merits  of  the  subject  to  elicit  from  them  a 
favorable  report.  Owing  to  the  intrinsic  difficulties  of  the 
subject,  not  then  understood  as  now — especially  by  men  in 
a new  State,  made  up  largely  of  population  from  older 
States,  in  which  no  such  system  prevailed — the  committee 
did  not  report  till  the  session  of  1824.  They  then  pre- 
sented an  able  and  unanimous  report  in  favor  of  the  system, 
and  legislative  enactments  during  that  session  engrafted  it 
upon  the  public  policy  of  the  State.  At  this  session,  also, 
the  canal  policy  was  adopted,  and  ex-Governor  Brown, 
Allen  Trimble,  and  Ebenezer  Buckingham  (a  member  of 
the  Senate)  were  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  the  first 
Canal  Fund  Commis.sioncrs,  and  authorized  to  negotiate  the 
first  loan  of  the  State  for  canal  purposes.  This  was  suc- 
cessfully accomplished  and  on  as  favorable  terms  as  any 
since  made  by  the  State.  At  the  October  election  of  1826 
Allen  Trimble  was  elected  Governor  by  an  unusually  large 
majority  over  his  competitors,  John  Bigger,  John  W.  Camp- 
bell, and  Benjamin  Tappan — the  vote  being  for  Bigger 
4114,  for  Campbell  4675,  for  Tappan  4192;  in  all,  12,981  ; 
and  for  Trimble  71,475 — a majority  of  58,494.  The  liberal 
and  enlightened  views  of  public  ]5olicy  which  had  marked 
his  career  as  a legislator,  characterized  his  administration  as 


592 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


Chief  Executive,  and  were  earnestly  pressed  upon  the  Leg- 
islature. At  the  session  of  1826  Governor  Trimble  was 
authorized  by  the  Legislature  to  select  the  half  million 
acres  of  land  granted  by  Congress  to  the  State  for  canal 
purposes.  Associating  with  himself  Mr.  Louis  Davis,  of 
Cincinnati,  an  early  pioneer,  he  spent  several  weeks  of  the 
summer  of  1827  in  the  Maumee  and  Sandusky  valleys,  in 
the  discharge  of  this  duty,  and  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Legislature  for  the  manner  in  which  the  important  trust  had 
been  performed.  In  1S28  General  Jackson’s  popularity 
and  influence  had  not  only  created  a powerful  party  for  his 
support,  but  one  in  violent  hostility  to  Mr.  Clay  and  his 
friends.  Governor  Trimble  had  been  one  of  Mr.  Clay’s 
most  ardent  supporters  from  his  first  appearance  on  the  field 
as  a candidate  for  the  Presidency.  No  amount  of  patriotic 
service  to  the  State  seemed  able  to  stem  the  tide  of  party 
feeling,  or  resist  the  force  of  party  discipline  which  had 
been  inaugurated  by  the  Jackson  party.  The  Clay  Whigs 
of  Ohio  went  into  the  battle  with  Governor  Trimble  as 
their  standard-bearer,  and  after  the  most  severe  political 
contest  known  in  the  State  to  that  time,  had  the  gratifica- 
tion of  electing,  not  only  the  Governor,  but  a majority  of 
both  branches  of  the  I.egislature.  The  State  was  carried 
at  the  November  election  for  General  Jackson  by  several 
thousand  majority.  Success  in  this  contest  increased  the 
previous  partiality  of  the  Whigs  of  the  State  for  their  Gov- 
ernor, attributing,  as  they  did,  their  success  in  the  general 
election  in  great  measure  to  his  popularity.  A wise  and 
economical  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  State  retained 
political  power  in  the  hands  of  the  Whig  party  of  Ohio 
until  the  Presidential  election  in  1832.  At  the  close  of  this 
executive  term,  December,  1830,  Governor  Trimble  retired 
from  public  life,  carrying  with  him  to  that  retirement  as 
large  a share  of  public  confidence  and  respect  as  any  man 
who  had  served  the  State.  Including  his  clerkship,  he  had 
now  been  in  official  positions  continuously  for  twenty  years 
— thirteen  years  prominently  before  the  public  eye,  as 
Representative,  Senator,  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  and  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State — and  in  every  position  regarded  as  an 
honest,  capable,  faithful  public  servant.  He  had  aided  in 
maturing  and  putting  into  successful  operation  liberal  and 
enlightened  systems  of  policy  that  secured  to  the  State  a 
rapid  growth  and  substantial  prosperity,  and  made  it  a 
worthy  example  as  the  first  born  of  the  free  States  north- 
west the  Ohio  river.  Though  but  forty-seven  years  of  age, 
he  could  well  afford  to  retire  with  gratified  ambition  and 
give  his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits,  to  which  he  had 
been  trained  from  boyhood,  and  which  he  had  always  pur- 
sued with  interest  and  pleasure.  To  aid  in  building  up  this 
important  interest  of  the  State  he  gave  time,  influence,  and 
money,  and  had  the  gratification  during  his  life  of  witness- 
ing the  fruit  of  efforts  made  in  connection  with  other 
enlightened  and  liberal  agriculturists  of  the  State,  in  the 
rapid  development  atuE  improvement  of  this  great  field  of 
human  labor.  Having  attached  himself  to  the  Methodist 


Episcopal  Church  in  1828,  from  strong,  deep  conviction  of 
duty  as  a responsible  agent  owing  service  and  love  to  his 
Creator,  his  walk  through  life  was  fraught  with  influence 
for  good,  and  his  death  embalmed  with  holy  and  tender 
remembrances  by  his  surviving  relatives  and  friends.  He 
passed  from  life  peacefully,  happily,  the  3d  of  February, 
1870,  in  his  eighty-eighth  year. 


IRCHARD,  SARDIS,  Merchant,  Banker,  and 
Philanthropist,  was  born,  January  15th,  iSoi,  in 
Wilmington,  Windham  county,  Veimont,  and 
was  the  youngest  son  of  Roger  and  Drusilla 
(Austin)  Birchard.  Both  of  his  grandfathers 
were  revolutionary  soldiers.  One  of  these,  Elias 
Birchard,  died  of  a disease  contracted  in  the  service  near 
the  close  of  the  war;  and  the  other.  Captain  Daniel  Austin, 
served  as  an  officer  under  Washington  throughout  the  war, 
and  survived  many  years.  The  Birchards  were  among  the 
first  settlers  of  Norwich,  Connecticut.  When  his  mother 
died,  five  children  survived  her,  and  Sardis,  the  youngest, 
was  taken  by  his  sister  Sophia,  who  had  married  Ruther- 
ford Hayes,  and  became  one  of  their  family,  and  lived  with 
them  at  Dunmerston,  Vermont,  until  1S17,  when  he  accom- 
panied them  in  their  removal  to  Delaware,  Ohio.  He 
acquired  the  rudiments  of  an  English  education  by  an 
irregular  attendance  at  such  schools  as  were  kept  at  that 
early  day  in  the  country  towns  of  Vermont.  He  became  an 
expert  hunter  and  horseman  for  a boy  of  his  age,  and 
gained  some  knowledge  of  business  in  the  store  of  his 
brother-in-law,  R.  Hayes.  In  Ohio  he  worked  with  the 
latter  in  building,  farming,  driving,  taking  care  of  stock, 
and  employed  all  his  spare  hours  in  hunting.  He  was 
able,  with  his  rifle,  to  supply  his  own  and  other  families 
with  turkeys  and  venison.  In  1822  his  brother-in-law  died, 
leaving  a widow  and  three  young  children,  and  a large  un- 
settled business.  Sardis,  at  this  time,  was  barely  twenty-one 
years  of  age;  but  he  at  once  assumed  the  duties  of  the  head 
of  the  family,  and  applied  himself  diligently  to  the  manage- 
ment of  the  unsettled  affairs  of  his  brother-in-law’s  estate, 
and  to  the  care  of  his  household.  In  September,  1824,  he 
first  visited  his  future  home,  Fremont,  then  Lower  San- 
dusky, accompanied  by  his  friend,  Benjamin  Powers,  since 
a banker  of  Delaware,  Ohio.  In  the  summer  of  1825, 
while  mowing  in  the  hay  field,  he  was  seriously  injured  in 
health  by  over  exertion,  and  from  the  effects  of  this  he 
never  entirely  recovered.  In  the  winter  of  1825-26  he  was 
confined  to  his  bed  with  an  attack  called  consumption,  and 
it  was  supposed  he  would  not  live  till  .spring.  He,  how- 
ever, spoke  hopefully  of  his  condition,  and  a cheerful  dispo- 
sition, aided  by  the  elasticity  of  his  constitution,  carried 
him  safely  through.  He  subsequently  made  a trip  to 
Vermont  on  horseback,  where  he  remained  until  the  ap- 
proach of  winter,  when  he  repaired  to  Georgia,  and  passed 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOICEDIA. 


593 


the  winter  in  that  salubrious  region.  In  1S27  he  purchased 
a stock  of  goods  in  New  York  city,  and  accompanied  it 
when  shipped  to  Cleveland.  His  intention  was  to  sell  to 
laborers  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  which  was  then  in  course  of 
construction  from  Cleveland  southwardly.  After  passing 
down  the  canal  into  the  Tuscarawas  valley,  he  became  dis- 
satisfied with  that  trade,  and  having  disposed  of  a portion 
of  his  goods  to  another  trader,  took  the  balance  to  Fort 
B.all  (now  Tiffin),  wdiere  he  remained,  trading  successfully 
with  the  new  settlers  until  December  of  that  year,  when  he 
removed  to  Lower  Sandusky,  and  was  the  first  to  go  into 
business  there  alone.  He  received  the  Indian  trade  to  a 
large  e.xtent  by  refusing  to  sell  them  liquor.  He  was  in 
trade  three  or  four  years,  and  having  accumulated  $10,000, 
considered  himself  rich  enough  to  retire.  About  1831, 
however,  he  formed  his  first  partnership  with  Rodolphus 
Dickinson  and  Esbon  Husted,  he  furnishing  the  capital. 
The  firm-name  was  R.  Dickinson  & Co.,  and  they  soon  had 
in  operation  one  of  the  largest  retail  stores  north  of  Colum- 
bus and  west  of  Cleveland,  their  yearly  sales  amounting  to 
$50,000,  the  majority  being  on  credit.  He  bought  the  first 
vessel  with  Richard  Sears,  each  owning  an  equal  interest. 
This  W'as  a schooner,  the  “ John  Richards,”  about  one 
hundred  tons  burthen,  and  worth  about  $4000.  The  first 
shipment  of  wheat  out  of  Lower  Sandusky,  according  to 
the  best  of  his  recollection,  was  made  on  this  schooner; 
and  this  shipment  was  probably  the  first  sent  eastw'ard  from 
any  lake  port  west  of  Cleveland.  The  wheat  from  the 
ridges  of  Seneca  county  was  then  much  sought  after  for 
starch  manufacture,  and  was  then  worth  fifty  cents  per 
bushel.  In  1835  Esbon  Husted  died,  and  his  place  in  the 
firm  was  taken  by  George  Grant,  who  had  been  a clerk  in 
the  establishment  since  the  formation  of  the  firm.  In  1841 
the  latter  died,  when  the  firm  dissolved,  the  business  being 
settled  by  Mr.  Birchard.  On  January  ist,  1851,  in  partner- 
ship with  Lucius  B.  Otis — forming  the  firm  of  Birchard  & 
Otis — the  first  banking  house  in  Fremont  was  established. 
On  the  removal  of  Judge  Otis  to  Chicago,  in  1856,  the  re- 
maining member  of  the  firm  formed  a partnership  with 
Anson  H.  Miller  and  Dr.  James  \V.  Wilson,  under  the 
firm-name  of  Birchard,  Miller  & Co.  In  1863  the  First 
National  B.ink  of  P'remont  was  organized,  when  the  bank-  ' 
ing  firm  of  Birchard,  Miller  & Co.  was  merged  in  it.  It 
was  the  second  national  bank  organized  in  Ohio,  and  the 
fifth  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Birchard  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  bank  on  its  organization,  and  held  the  position 
till  his  death.  During  the  half  century  which  elapsed  after  ! 
arriving  at  man’s  estate  he  was  active  and  conspicuous, 
where  good  words  and  works  were  required,  in  the  promo- 
tion of  every  important  scheme  designed  to  advance  the 
welfare  of  the  town  and  county  of  his  residence.  He  was 
connected  with  the  first  enterprise  that  opened  river  and 
lake  commerce  between  F'remont  and  Buffalo.  Appropria- 
tions by  the  State  for  the  construction  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve and  Maumee  road  had  in  him  an  early,  untiring,  and 

75 


efficient  friend  ; and  through  his  efforts  in  circulating  peti- 
tions over  the  State  to  influence  public  opinion,  and  thus 
secure  favorable  legislative  action,  the  work  was  doubtless 
completed  many  years  earlier  than  it  would  otherwise  have 
been.  He  ne.xt  became  enlisted  in  the  enterprise  of  con- 
structing the  Toledo,  Norwalk  & Cleveland  Railroad. 
The  chances  were  that  the  northern  and  rival  route — now 
known  as  the  Northern  Division — would  be  the  one  to  be 
constructed  first,  and  a long  struggle  ensued  between  the 
friends  of  each  route.  In  conjunction  with  C.  L.  Boalt,  of 
Norwalk,  he  was  so  strenuous  in  advancing  the  interests  of 
the  Southern  route  by  every  means  in  their  power,  even  by 
pledging  every  dollar  of  their  private  fortunes  for  the  pur- 
pose of  raising  funds  to  prosecute  the  enterprise,  that  the 
issue  turned  in  their  favor;  and  without  such  pledges  and 
e.\traord inary  personal  efforts  it  is  probable  the  construction 
of  this  line  would  have  been  postponed  many  years.  He 
was  an  active  and  influential  member  of  the  Whig  party 
while  it  existed,  and  did  not  abandon  his  interests  in  poli- 
tics after  its  demise,  but  was  an  earnest  supporter  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  and  the  war.  He  was  a purchaser  at  the  first 
sale  of  government  bonds,  to  carry  on  the  war  for  the  Union, 
made  in  Ohio  in  1862.  He  was  hospitable,  warm  hearted, 
and  friendly.  In  addition  to  contributions  to  religious  and 
benevolent  objects,  his  private  charities  were  large.  A 
mosf  important  benefaction,  affecting  the  public  interests  of 
Fremont,  was  made  in  1871,  in  the  donation  of  two  tracts 
of  ground,  to  be  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  public  as  parks. 
In  1873  he  set  apart  property  amounting  to  $50,000  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a public  library  in  Fremont.  He 
appointed  a board  of  trustees  to  take  charge  of  the  same, 
and  provided  for  the  continuance  of  this  board.  At  that 
time  it  was  estimated  that,  including  his  previous  bequests, 
he  had  presented  to  the  city  one-fifth  of  his  entire  estate. 
For  nearly  seventeen  years  he  had  been  a communicant 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  a constant  contrib- 
utor to  its  incidental  and  benevolent  funds.  He  also  gave 
$7000  to  the  new  church  edifice  now  occupied  by  the  con- 
gregation. Though  a member  of  this  church,  he  frequently 
aided  other  congregations  without  distinction  of  denomina- 
tion. He  died  January  21st,  1874,  after  an  illness  of  but 
one  hour  in  duration. 

^^J^RIMBLE,  COLONEL  WILLIAM  IL,  third  son 
c)  f II  ex-Governor  Allen  Trimble,  was  born  at  Hills- 
ol|l  borough,  Ohio,  October  22d,  1811.  He  was 
educated  chiefly  at  Miami  University,  and  read 
law  with  Samson  Mason,  at  Springfield,  Ohio. 
While  engaged  in  the  jiractice  he  yielded  to  the 
wishes  of  his  Whig  friends,  and  represented  Highland 
county  in  the  Legislature  three  terms — 1845,  *'546,  and 
1847 — and  was  solicited  in  1848  to  be  a candidate  for  the 
Senate  in  the  strong  Whig  district  composed  of  the  counties 
of  I'ayette  and  Highland.  This  he  declined,  having  pre- 


594 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


viously  built  a comfortaV)le  home  on  a farm  adjoining  the 
town  of  Hillsborough,  and  concluded  to  devote  himself 
exclusively  Jo  agricultural  pursuits.  On  various  occasions 
he  has  given  time,  effort,  and  money  to  measures  esteemed 
of  public  importance.  Of  these  only  his  connection  with 
the  military  affairs  of  the  country  are  of  sufficient  general 
interest  to  justify  notice  in  this  brief  sketch.  When  the  war 
of  the  rebellion  was  inaugurated  Colonel  Trimble  was  fifty 
years  of  age,  and  of  such  precarious  health  as  might  well 
have  excused  his  entering  the  service ; but  inherited  mili- 
tary spirit  and  a deep  sense  of  the  importance  of  preserving 
the  Union  induced  him  first  to  yield  to  the  suggestion  of 
Governor  Dennison  to  raise  a regiment  for  the  defence  of 
the  border,  when  it  was  uncertain  what  position  Kentucky 
would  take  in  the  contest ; and  afterwards,  at  the  recjuest 
of  his  officers,  to  procure  an  order  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment and  raise  a regiment  for  one  year  of  general  service. 
This  latter  regiment  of  looo  men — the  6oth  Ohio- — was 
assigned  to  General  Fremont’s  Virginia  command.  He 
made  of  it  and  the  8th  Virginia  Regiment  his  advance 
corps  brigade,  and  placed  it  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Clusseret,  an  Algerine  French  officer.  Its  position  brought 
it  in  contact  with  Jackson’s  rear-guard,  commanded  by 
Ashby,  in  several  engagements  in  which  the  main  army  did 
not  participate;  and  in  the  battle  at  Cross  Keys  it  constituted, 
with  Millroy’s  and  Schenck’s  brigades,  the  right  wing  of 
Fremont’s  army.  On  all  these  occasions  the  command 
gained  credit  for  good  conduct.  In  the  frequent  changes 
occurring  in  the  movement  of  troops  about  this  time — the 
summer  and  autumn  of  1862 — the  60th  Ohio,  with  others, 
had  the  misfortune  to  be  drifted  to  Harper’s  Ferry,  and  to 
the  command  of  Colonel  Miles.  He  appointed  Colonel 
Trimble  to  the  command  of  the  2d  Brigade,  consisting  of 
the  9th  Vermont,  125th  and  126th  New  York,  60th  Ohio, 
and  Rigby’s  Indiana  Battery,  to  which  was  added,  during 
the  engagement  of  this  command  with  the  enemy,  the  3d 
Mai7land,  32d  Ohio,  and  Pott’s  Ohio  Battery,  with  87th 
Ohio  on  extreme  left,  guarding  the  Winchester  Railroad 
track  along  the  Shenandoah  river.  This  force  constituted 
the  left  flank  of  the  command  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the 
Potomac,  and  barely  covered  with  a single  line-of-batlle  the 
ground  assigned  it  by  Colonel  Miles,  to  wit,  part  of  Bolivar 
Heights  and  the  space  from  the  Charlestown  pike  to  the 
Shenandoah  river,  with  no  reserve  and  no  chance  of  rein- 
forcement, and  was  thoroughly  commanded  by  the  fifty 
guns  skilfully  placed  under  Jack.son’s  direction  to  strike 
front,  flank,  and  rear  of  the  command.  The  entire  force  at 
Harper’s  P'erry,  including  that  of  General  AVhite,  from 
Martinsburg,  was  about  10,000  men,  fully  one-half  of  which 
were  new  regiments,  undrilled  and  undisciplined;  and  the 
ground  chosen  by  Miles  for  defence,  by  a singular  perversity 
of  the  commander,  left  without  defensive  preparation.  It  is 
not  within  the  limits  prescribed  to  this  sketch  to  notice, 
much  less  discuss  the  numerous  points  of  interest  connected 
with  the  Harper’s  Ferry  surrender.  It  shouUl  be  said. 


however,  in  justice  to  the  patriotic  citizen  soldiers  forced  by 
the  orders  of  the  government  into  so  false  a position,  and 
placed  under  command  of  the  most  notoriously  incompetent 
officer  developed  during  the  war,  that  nothing  but  the 
rapid  succession  of  disasters  to  the  Union  arms  which  had 
immediately  preceding  startled  and  alarmed  the  nation,  and 
the  utter  misconception  by  the  government  and  people  of 
Harper’s  Ferry  as  a military  position,  could  have  prevented 
the  chief  blame  of  the  disaster  from  attaching  where  it 
properly  belonged — to  the  government  and  its  military 
authorities.  That  misconception  consisted  in  regarding 
Harper’s  Ferry  as  the  key  to  the  surrounding  country,  and 
as  in  and  of  itself  a strong  military  position — an  inland 
Gibraltar.  Surrounded  by  an  open  country  through  which 
an  army  of  100,000  men  could  pass  without  difficulty, 
Harper’s  Ferry  was  the  key  to  nothing.  The  only  point  to 
which  the  term  ‘f  key  ” can  be  applied  is  Maryland  Heights. 
Rising  1200  feet  above  the  water  level  of  the  Potomac,  and 
at  right  angles  to  I.oudon  and  Bolivar  Heights — the  former 
900  and  the  latter  300  feet  elevation — it  commands  both 
and  the  plateau  between,  including  Harper’s  Ferry  and 
Town  Hill.  If  deemed  necessary  to  maintain  the  position 
before  an  advancing  and  triumphant  army  of  90,000  men, 
the  entire  force  should  have  been  placed  under  an  able  and 
energetic  commander,  who,  with  a competent  engineer, 
might  in  two  or  three  weeks’  time  have  so  fortified  Mary- 
land Heights  as  to  have  held  it  against  Jackson’s  force  of 
not  less  than  30,000  men,  till  rescued  by  the  advance  of  the  • 
Union  army.  Knowing  that  Jackson  had  been  stationed  at 
Harper’s  Ferry  in  the  early  part  of  the  war,  had  carefully 
investig.ated  and  thoroughly  understood  the  position.  Gen- 
eral Lee  ordered  him  to  march  with  such  force  as  would 
render  success  certain  and  capture  the  command  at  Har- 
per’s Ferry.  It  is  part  of  the  history  of  the  war,  that  often 
as  the  rebel  drove  the  Union  forces  from  Harper’s  Ferry, 
they  never  attempted  to  retain  possession.  Jackson,  whose 
thorough  knowledge  and  military  genius  enabled  him  to 
judge  accurately,  considered  it  an  indefensible  position, 
and  was  said  to  have  pronounced  it  the  greatest  slaughter 
pen  on  the  continent.  The  United  States  government, 
after  a thorough  topographic  survey,  abandoned  the  system 
of  fortifications  already  begun,  thereby  confirming  the  esti- 
mate of  the  position  previously  formed  by  the  enemy.  The 
right  thing  for  the  government  to  have  done  on  the  first 
indication  of  danger  was  to  have  ordered  the  evacuation  of 
Harper’s  Ferry  and  the  march  of  the  force  at  that  point  and 
Martinsburg  through  Maryland  to  a junction  with  some 
part  of  the  main  Union  army.  The  failure  to  do  this,  or 
take  possession  of  and  fortify  Maryland  Heights,  and  the 
retaining  in  command  an  utterly  incompetent  officer,  ren- 
ders the  government  and  its  military  authorities  responsible 
for  a disaster  that  the  overwhelming  force  of  the  enemy,  the 
skill  of  its  commander,  and  the  false  position  of  the  Union 
force  made  inevitable.  The  pretence  of  rescue  by  Frank- 
lin and  Sumner’s  divisions  had  not  even  the  shadow  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


595 


probability  to  sustain  it.  After  the  feeble  defence  and 
hasty  surrender  of  Maryland  Heights  by  Miles  and  Ford, 
Saturday,  September  13th,  but  one  chance  remained  of 
saving  the  garrison — that  was,  if  possible,  on  Saturday  or 
Sunday* night  to  have  crossed  the  Potomac  and  fought 
through  the  enemy’s  lines  on  the  Maryland  side.  This  was 
urgecMry  the  commander  of  the  2d  Brigade  and  other 
officers.  Officers  of  the  enemy’s  force  on  the  Maryland 
side  have  since  admitted  this  could  have  been  done.  The 
battle  at  Antietam  being  in  progress  on  Sunday,  14th, 
Jackson  had  a strong  incentive  to  speedy  and  vigorous 
action  for  the  completion  of  the  capture  of  Harper’s  Ferry, 
that  his  force  might  join  and  strengthen  Lee.  Selecting 
the  left  flank  as  the  weak  point  of  the  Union  lines,  he  con- 
centrated a heavy  force  of  infantry  and  artillery,  consisting 
of  A.  P.  Hill’s  division,  supported  by  Ewell’s;  beginning 
the  attack  with  artillery  at  noon  of  the  14th,  and  by  half 
past  two,  with  a heavy  infantry  force,  attempting  to  force 
the  Union  line.  The  struggle  lasted  till  night,  and  resulted 
in  the  enemy  being  driven  back  in  some  confusion.  The 
conflict  was  renewed  at  daylight  (five  o’clock  Monday 
morning),  and  continued  till  the  surrender,  at  about  nine 
o’clock.  The  testimony  is  abundant,  and  the  fact  was  con- 
ceded at  the  time  by  the  officers  of  the  enemy,  that  Colonel 
Trimble’s  command  made  a most  gallant  and  persistent 
defence  under  the  most  unfavorable  and  trying  circum- 
stances, and  against  a force  of  more  than  three  times  their 
number.  Though  escaping  on  this  and  other  fields.  Colonel 
Trimble  was  afterwards  so  seriously  injured  by  his  horse 
being  hurled  violently  upon  him  as  to  compel  his  quitting 
the  service  at  the  moment  when  promotion  was  tendered 
him. 


^AMMOND,  JACOB,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born, 
August.  8th,  1808,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio, 
about  fourteen  miles  from  Steubenville,  and  is 
the  seventh  of  twelve  children,  whose  parents 
were  James  and  Elizabeth  (Latshaw)  Hammond. 
His  father  was  a native  of  Adams  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  a farmer  by  occupation.  He  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1806,  and  settled  in  Smithfield  township,  Jefferson 
county,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1842.  His 
widow,  who  was  a native  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  survived 
her  husband  twenty-five  years,  and  died  in  1867.  Jacob 
worked  on  a farm  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  attending 
school  in  winter.  In  1823  he  went  to  Richmond,  in  his 
native  county,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a classical  edu- 
cation. He  then  returned  to  Smithfield,  and  resumed  his 
studies  there  until  1829.  In  that  year  he  proceeded  to 
Steubenville,  where  he  commenced  reading  medicine  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Anderson  Judkins,  of  that  town,  and 
also  attended  the  lectures  delivered  in  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia. 
In  1831  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Steuben- 


ville, remaining  there  until  the  summer  of  that  year,  when 
he  proceeded  to  Springfield,  in  Clarke  county,  where  he 
practised  until  the  spring  of  1832,  when  he  went  to  Evans- 
burg,  in  Coshocton  county,  and  continued  his  professional 
duties  for  two  years  in  that  place.  He  then  for  about  a 
year  took  a vacation,  and  travelled  through  the  country  in 
order  to  recuperate  his  health,  which  had  become  somewhat 
impaired.  In  1836  he  settled  at  Annapolis,  Jefferson 
county,  where  he  practised  his  profession  until  1862. 
During  these  years  he  attended  partial  courses  of  lectures 
at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College  and  the  Berkshire  Medi- 
cal College  of  western  Massachusetts,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1859.  In  1862  he  went  to  Steubenville, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  control  of 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  He  has  been  for  many 
years  a prominent  and  active  member  of  the  Ohio  Medical 
Association.  He  has  contributed  to  the  literature  of  the 
profession  on  various  occasions.  Politically  he  is  a Repub- 
lican, and  in  religious  belief  adheres  to  the  principles  and 
practices  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Socially  he  is  pleasant, 
affable,  and  courteous.  He  has  ever  led  a temperate  life, 
and  has  been  noted  for  his  untiring  energy,  perseverance, 
and  inflexible  integrity.  He  was  married  in  1862  to  Mary 
Ann,  daughter  of  William  Sharon,  and  sister  of  Senator 
Sharon,  of  Nevada. 

tEARCE,  ENOCH,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born,  November  i8th,  1832,  at  Westminster, 
near  B.altimore,  Maryland,  and  is  a son  of  Enoch 
and  Rachel  (McKensie)  Pearce.  Both  of  his 
parents  are  Marylanders.  His  father  has  fol- 
lowed mechanical  pursuits  through  life,  and  re- 
moved to  Ohio  in  1840,  settling  at  Steubenville,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  Dr.  Pearce  received  a liberal  education 
at  the  Grove  Academy,  in  Steubenville.  In  1848  he  com- 
menced to  study  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  Tappan,  of  Steubenville,  and  for  three  years 
pursued  his  readings  with  earnestness.  He  attended  the 
medical  lectures  delivered  at  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York  in  1851-52,  and  also  at  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Philadelphia,  in  1853-54,  graduating  from  the  latter 
institution  with  honor.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Steubenville,  in  1854,  and  has  resided  there  ever 
since,  having  succeeded  in  cstalfiishing  a successful  and 
lucrative  line  of  patronage.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
Surgeon  of  the  6ist  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  with 
that  command  at  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Second 
Bull  Run,  White  .Sulphur  .Springs,  Freeman’s  Ford,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  and  Gettysburg,  besides  numer- 
ous lesser  eng.agements  and  skirmishes.  After  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  he  was  examined  by  the  United  States  Medical 
Board,  and  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  of  United 
.States  Volunteers,  and  was  commissioned  by  President 
Lincoln  as  such.  He  held  this  position  one  week  only. 


596 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


when  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  full  Surgeon  United 
States  Volunteers,  for  deserved  excellency  in  scholarship 
and  in  the  duties  of  surgeonry  and  medicine,  lie  continued 
in  the  service,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  in  Tennessee,  and 
also  to  the  management  of  a United  Stales  army  hospital  in 
Louisville  for  wounded  soldiers.  His  health  having  be- 
come impaired,  he  was  discharged  from  the  service  by  the 
War  Department  for  physical  disability.  He  immediately 
returned  home,  and  sought  rest  as  a means  to  recover  his 
health,  and  after  a year  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Steubenville.  On  July  24th,  1867,  he  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-Colonel  by  brevet  in  the  United  States  medical 
service  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war 
of  the  rebellion.  In  1869  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Examining  Surgeon  in  the  service  of  the  government,  which 
position  he  yet  retains.  He  has  been  for  a number  of  years 
a prominent  member  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Incurable  Insane  of 
Ohio,  making  the  report  to  the  Legislature.  He  has  also 
written  more  or  less  on  medical  topics.  He  has  been  from 
its  organization  a prominent  officer  and  member  of  the  Jeffer- 
son County  Medical  Association.  He  was  appointed  in 
1875  Censor  of  the  Columbus  Medical  College.  He  has 
never  sought  or  held  any  public  office  involving  political 
responsibility.  He  was  married  in  i860  to  Cecilia  J., 
daughter  of  the  late  Richard  Savary,  of  Steubenville. 


^OOD,  REV.  JEREMIAH  HAAK,  D.  D.,  Clergy- 
m.an  and  Professor  of  Dogmatic  and  Practical 
Theology  in  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Heidel- 
berg College,  Tiffin,  Ohio,  was  born,  November 
22d,  1822,  in  the  village  of  Rchrersburg,  Berks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a son  of  the  late 
Philip  Augustus  and  Elizabeth  (Haak)  Good.  He  is  of  Ger- 
man lineage,  his  grandfather  having  emigrated  from  Deux- 
ponts,  in  the  Palatinate.  In  his  ninth  year  his  father  re- 
moved to  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  to  enter  upon  the  office 
of  Prothonotary  of  the  county,  but  died  shortly  thereafter,  in 
consequence  of  which  he  was  adopted  by  his  uncle,  Joseph 
Good,  who  designed  him  for  the  bar.  In  his  fourteenth 
year  he  resolved  to  acquire  a regular  collegiate  education, 
and  for  this  purpose  proceeded  to  Marshall  College,  at 
Mercersburg,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  succeeding  year,  by 
the  death  of  his  uncle,  he  was  cast  almost  entirely  upon  his 
own  resources.  Nevertheless,  he  persevered,  and  graduated 
in  the  regular  course  in  September,  1842,  receiving  from  the 
faculty  the  appointment  of  valedictorian,  which  was  at  that 
time  the  highest  honor.  Immedi.ately  upon  his  graduation 
he  was  chosen  to  the  position  of  Assistant  Rector  of  the  pre- 
paratoi-y  department  in  the  same  institution,  which  he  filled 
for  three  years.  In  this  time  a change  in  his  life-purposes 
occurred,  so  that  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  prepare  himself  for 
the  ministry;  and  he  accordingly  entered  the  Theological 


Seminary  at  the  same  place,  then  under  charge  of  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  W.  Nevin,  and  completed  his  studies  in  September,  1845. 
Having  received  a call  to  the  Reformed  Church,  in  Lan- 
caster, Ohio,  he  resigned  his  academical  appointment  and 
entered  upon  his  ministerial  labors  in  Ohio  in  October,  1846. 
At  this  time  the  Reformed  Church  in  Ohio  was  without  a 
college,  a theological  seminary,  or  a religious  paper.  Urg- 
ing the  establishment  of  the  latter  as  a pressing  necessity, 
and  the  best  means  to  reach  the  founding  of  the  former,  he 
was  by  the  Ohio  Synod  elected  editor,  and  authorized  to 
establish  such  a paper.  This  caused  his  removal  to  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  in  October,  1848.  On  January  1st,  1849,  he 
issued  the  first  number  of  the  paper  entitled  The  Western 
Missionary  of  the  Reformed  Chnrch  (which  has  since 
largely  increased  in  circulation,  and  is  now  edited  and  pub- 
lished in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by  Dr.  S.  Mease,  under  the  title 
Christian  World).  By  means  of  this  journal  the  matter  of 
a college  and  seminary  was  urged  so  strongly  that  the  Ohio 
Synod  in  1850  resolved  to  establish  the  same  at  Tiffin,  Ohio, 
and  to  this  end  elected  Rev.  Jeremiah  H.  Good  as  Professor 
of  Mathematics,  and  his  brother.  Rev.  R.  Good,  as  Professor 
of  Natural  Sciences  in  the  proposed  instiaitions.  Funds 
were  gradually  gathered  and  suitable  buildings  erected,  and 
the  college  and  seminary  may  now  be  regarded  as  firmly 
and  permanently  established,  having  an  average  attendance 
of  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  students,  and  properly  worth 
over  ^100,000.  P'rom  October,  1850,  until  .September,  1867, 
he  devoted  himself  to  this  college  professorship,  in  addition 
to  which  he  edited  the  religious  paper  above  mentioned  for 
the  first  three  years.  In  1867  the  Ohio  Synod  elected  him 
as  Professor  of  Dogmatic  and  Practical  Theology  in  its 
Theological  Seminary  (connected  with  the  college),  of 
w'hich  position  he  is  still  the  incumbent.  In  1868  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  his 
Alma  Mater.  He  is  regarded  by  his  colleagues  as  a man 
of  marked  ability  and  superior  culture,  and  ranks  among 
the  first  in  the  denomination  for  high  attainments  and  spirit- 
uality. Heidelberg  College  ow'es  much  of  its  prosperity  to 
his  influence,  he  having  been  to  a great  extent  instrumental 
in  its  founding  and  complete  establishment,  as  above  stated. 
Portly  in  physique,  with  a most  genial  face  and  winning  ad- 
dress, he  attracts  all  wdth  whom  he  comes  in  contact.  He 
w'as  married  in  1847  to  Susan  Hubbard  Root,  of  Granville, 
Licking  county,  Ohio. 


•HOTTER,  HON.  EMERY  D.,  Lawyer  and  Jurist, 
was  born,  1804,  in  Providence  county,  Rhode 


Island,  and  is  a .son  of  the  late  Abraham  Potter,  a 
farmer  in  limited  circumstances,  w ho  removed  to 
Otsego  county.  New  York,  when  his  son  W'as  two 
years  old.  The  latter  remained  in  that  section 
until  he  completed  his  academical  studies,  and  proposed  to 
enter  college,  but  circumstances  prevented,  and  he  com- 


597 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


menced  the  study  of  law  with  lion.  John  A.  Dix  and  Abner 
Cook,  Jr.,  at  Cooperstown.  Having  diligently  pursued  his 
studies,  he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State.  Deciding  to  go  farther  West,  he  removed  to 
Toledo,  Ohio,  in  the  autumn  of  1835,  where  he  immediately 
commenced  the  practice  of  law,  and  soon  rose  to  distinction, 
earning  a high  reputation  as  a forensic  orator  and  for  sound 
legal  attainments.  In  1839  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
Presiding  Judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Ohio,  at 
that  time  embracing  ten  counties  in  the  northwestern  portion 
of  the  State.  In  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  he  was 
for  five  years  compelled  to  travel  on  horseback,  through  al- 
most a wilderness,  swimming  creeks  when  the  waters  were 
high,  and  encountering  many  perils  and  privations  which 
now  would  not  be  dreamed  of.  In  the  faithful  discharge 
of  his  official  duties  he  so  won  upon  the  regard  of  the  people 
of  his  district  that  he  was  nominated  in  the  fall  of  1843 
elected  to  Congress  by  a handsome  majority,  although  the 
district  had  been  previously  strongly  Whig.  While  a mem- 
ber of  Congress  he  took  a prominent  part  in  many  of  the 
discussions,  and  was  placed  upon  the  Select  Committee  to 
report  upon  the  best  mode  of  carrying  out  the  Smithson  will, 
acting  with  John  Quincy  Adams  in  recommending  those 
measures  which  resulted  in  founding  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tute. In  1847  was,  without  solicitation,  elected  to  a seat 
in  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives,  where,  by  common 
consent,  he  was  recognized  as  the  champion  of  the  Demo- 
cratic side  of  that  body.  In  August,  1848,  he  was  a second 
time  nominated  for  Congress,  and  elected.  On  taking  his 
seat  in  the  National  House  of  Representatives,  he  received 
during  the  memorable  contest  for  Speaker  of  the  Thirty-first 
Congress  seventy-eight  votes,  at  different  times  during  the 
sixty-two  ballots  that  occurred.  In  forming  the  committees, 
he  was  honored  with  the  Chairmanship  of  the  Committee 
on  Post-Offices  and  Post-Roads,  and  was  the  author  of  the  bill 
providing  in  1851  for  cheap  postage  and  the  coinage  of 
three  cent  pieces.  Upon  the  close  of  his  term  in  Congress, 
in  that  year,  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Toledo. 
In  1857  he  was  appointed  by  President  Buebanan  Judge  of 
the  hederal  Court  in  Utah,  but  declined  the  honor  on  ac- 
count of  business  requiring  his  attention  in  Ohio.  He  con- 
tinued in  his  profe.ssional  duties  until  1873,  when  he  was 
elected  to  a seat  in  the  Ohio  Senate,  which  position  he  filled 
until  1875-  While  a member  of  that  body,  he  was  largely 
imstrumental  in  having  a l)ill  passed  by  the  General  Assembly 
which  appropriated  the  sum  of  ^10,000  for  the  propagation 
of  fishes  in  Ohio,  and  he  is  now  Superintendent  of  Fish- 
hatching in  the  State,  giving  his  personal  attention  and 
supervision  to  a hatchery  which  is  now  ( 1876)  in  successful 
operation  in  Toledo,  as  well  as  at  other  points  on  the  lake. 
He  was  first  married  in  1843  Mary  A.  Card,  of  Wil- 
loughby, Ohio,  who  died  in  March,  1847,  leaving  one  son, 
Emery  D.  Potter,  Jr.,  a lawyer,  now  residing  in  Toledo. 
He  was  a second  time  married,  to  Anna  Billilliken,  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  has  had  one  daughter,  now  living. 


(9(J^^%RAYT0N,  ROBERT,  Machinist,  was  born,  July 
J / 27th,  1802,  in  Cranton,  near  Providence,  Rhode 

\ I Island,  of  American  parentage.  His  father  was 
devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  he  assisted 
him  in  the  cultivation  of  the  farm,  chopping 
^ w'ood,  etc.,  until  he  was  twenty  years  old.  His 
education  was  obtained  during  the  winter  months  in  the  dis- 
trict school.  In  1822  he  began  to  work  in  a machine-shop 
in  Providence,  where  he  remained  for  two  years  learning 
that  trade  ; and  was  afterwards  employed  as  a journeyman 
in  tlie  same  establishment,  and  engaged  in  the  fabrication 
of  cotton  and  woollen  machinery.  Having  determined  to 
go  to  the  West,  he  removed  to  Ohio  in  1835  and  located  at 
first  in  Cleveland,  where  he  obtained  a position  as  foreman 
in  the  Cuyahoga  Iron  Works,  shortly  after  his  arrival  there, 
and  where  he  continued  between  sixteen  and  seventeen 
years.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  Government  Inspector  of 
Steam-Boilers  for  the  port  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  when  the 
law  was  first  passed,  and  was  there  about  five  years.  Dur- 
ing this  period  he  invented  and  became  the  patentee  of  hot- 
pressed  nuts,  and  disposed  of  his  patent-right  in  England 
for  a large  sum  of  money.  He  went  next  to  Salem,  Ohio, 
where  he  passed  some  four  years  engaged  in  a business  en- 
terprise. In  1865,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was 
offered  an  interest  in  the  engine  works  of  D.  June  & Co., 
at  Fremont,  Ohio,  the  senior  partner  of  which  firm  had 
worked  with  him  many  years  previously  in  Cleveland;  he 
accepted  the  proposition,  and  has  ever  since  been  a member 
of  the  company.  He  has  been  constantly  engaged  in  build- 
ing machinery  of  every  description  for  over  fifty  years,  and 
is  probably  the  oldest  machinist  living.  He  excels  as  an 
engine-builder.  He  has  had,  during  his  long  and  active 
life,  many  narrow  escapes  from  death  by  machinery,  but  was 
never  once  injured.  He  has  always  enjoyed  the  best  of 
health,  and  has  never  experienced  an  hour’s  illness.  He  is 
a man  of  powerful  frame,  and  is  still  in  vigorous  health  ; 
being  possessed  of  a constitution  well  preserved  by  exem- 
plary habits,  and  though  venerable  in  appearance,  he  is  to 
be  found  daily  at  work  in  the  shops  of  the  company  of  which 
he  is  a partner.  Cast-steel  was  an  unknown  article  when 
he  first  began  to  work  at  the  trade.  He  was  married,  April 
20lh,  1849,  Buffalo,  to  Lucy  Harris,  and  has  one  son 
only.  Frank  Brayton,  who  works  in  the  same  machine-shop. 


^'ODGE,  FREDERICK  BLAKE,  Lawyer  and  In- 
surance Agent,  w'as  born,  March  19th,  1838,  at 
Lyme,  New  Hampshire,  and  is  of  English  descent. 
I le  was  prepared  for  college  at  Kimball’s  Union 
Academy,  at  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  and 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  in  the  same 
.State,  in  the  cla.ss  of  i860.  He  removed  to  Ohio  shortly 
afterwards  and  settled  in  Toledo,  where  he  taught  school  for 
two  years,  and  then  became  a clerk  in  the  office  of  the 


598 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA, 


Adjutant-General  of  Ohio,  at  Columbus,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed about  a year.  Returning  to  Toledo,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law,  which  he  pursued  for  three  years  in  that 
city  and  also  in  Greenfield  and  Boston,  Massachusetts.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  has  never  practised  his  pro- 
fession. He  has  been  engaged  in  the  insurance  business 
since  1868,  being  a member  of  the  firm  of  Brown  & Dodge, 
prominent  insurance  agents  of  Toledo.  He  is  also  Secre- 
tary of  the  Toledo  Fire  & Marine  Insurance  Company,  one 
of  the  oldest  corporations  in  the  State,  having  done  business 
uninterruptedly  since  1848;  and,  although  the  risks  taken 
have  not  been  as  heavy  as  those  assumed  by  other  similar 
companies,  yet  they  have  proved  very  advantageous  and 
profitable.  He  is  a Republican  in  political  opinion,  and 
has  served  as  an  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Toledo.  He  was 
married,  October  13th,  1864,  to  Caroline  Elizabeth  Perkins, 
of  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  and  has  a family  of  four 
children. 


jEBER,  GUSTAV  C.  E.,  Professor  of  Surgery,  was 
born  in  Bonn,  Prussia,  May  26th,  1828.  He 
came  of  a good  family.  His  father,  M.  I.  Weber, 
has  been  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University 
of  Bonn,  Prussia,  since  its  foundation,  in  i8i8: 
author  of  “Anatomical  Atlas,”  which  has  been 
translated  into  every  printed  language,  “ The  Hand-book 
of  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body,”  “ The  Pelves  and  Crania 
of  the  Different  Races,”  “Atlas  of  the  Bones  of  Domestic 
Animals”  and  many  other  valuable  works  and  writings, 
and  who  was  decorated  by  several  of  the  crowned  heads 
of  Europe  for  his  distinguished  services  in  the  cause  of 
science.  Gustav’s  education  was  chiefly  obtained  at  Bonn 
University,  but  before  matriculating,  the  revolutionary  move- 
ment of  1848  caused  him  to  emigrate  to  America,  where  he 
could  enjoy  those  republican  principles  he  so  much  loves. 


the  field,  and  the  troops  were  greatly  benefited  by  his 
labors.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year  his  wife’s  health  and 
the  pressure  of  his  professional  duties  compelled  him  to 
resign.  Governor  Todd  addressed  to  him  the  following 
reply : 

State  of  Ohio,  Executive  Department,  Columbus, 

October  13,  1862. 

Dr.  Gustav  C.  E.  Weber,  Surgeon-General,  Present: 

Your  note  of  last  evening,  tendering  your  resignation,  is 
before  me.  My  knowledge  of  the  extremely  critical  con- 
dition of  Mrs.  Weber’s  health  has  led  me  to  expect  the  step 
you  have  taken,  but  notwithstanding  this  I felt  greatly  em- 
barrassed by  it.  Upon  assuming  the  responsible  duties  of 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Ohio  forces,  it  bec.ame  my  first 
duty  to  look  to  it  that  the  brave  and  gallant  soldiers  of  Ohio 
should  be  well  provided  with  an  able,  kind  and  efficient 
corps  of  surgeons  and  physicians.  To  superintend  this 
great  and  good  work,  from  a knowledge  derived  upon  my 
own  sick-bed  and  also  that  of  my  family  as  to  your  fitness 
for  the  position,  I selected  yourself.  Great  as  my  expecta- 
tion was  of  your  various  qualifications,  you  have,  in  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  position,  far  more  than  met 
my  expectations.  Hoping  that  this  letter  may  meet  the 
eyes  of  your  parents,  your  children  and  their  children,  it  is 
due  to  you  to  state  that,  in  the  skill,  energy,  system, 
economy,  integrity,  firmness  and  kindness  of  heart  in  the 
discharge  of  your  official  duties,  you  have  won  for  yourself 
the  gratitude  and  esteem  of  all  good  men.  To  part  with 
such  an  officer  is  indeed  a painful  trial,  but  I am  not  in- 
sensible to  the  duties  of  a kind  husband,  of  an  affectionate 
wife  and  father  of  an  infant  child,  and  therefore  I am  con- 
strained, with  great  regret,  to  accept  your  resignation.  The 
telegrams  of  this  morning,  however,  inform  us  that  upon 
the  battle-field  of  Perryville,  Kentucky,  Ohio’s  gallant 
soldiers  need  your  services,  and,  believing  that  you  will 
cheerfully,  at  every  hazard,  rep.air  to  their  relief,  I have  to 
request  that  you  leave  by  the  first  train  for  the  scene  of 
action.  This  duty  discharged,  I will  appoint  your  suc- 
cessor. With  my  kindest  regards  to  Mrs.  Weber,  and 
ardent  wishes  for  her  speedy  restoration  to  health, 

1 am  truly  yours,  David  Tod,  Governor. 

He  obeyed  these  instructions,  returned  to  Columbus,  closed 


He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849  began  to  work 
at  agriculture  near  St.  Louis ; he  soon,  however,  abandoned 
that  business  and  returned  to  Europe,  and  completed  his 
studies  at  Vienna,  Amsterdam  and  Paris.  In  1S53  he  came 
again  to  this  country  and  settled  in  New  York,  where  his 
brother  Edward  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 
His  brother  died  that  year,  and  he  assumed  his  practice 
with  success.  The  demands  upon  him  were  so  great  that 
his  health  failed,  and  in  1856  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish 
his  practice.  That  year  he  accepted  the  chair  of  Surgery 
in  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  made  vacant  by  the 
resimiation  of  Dr.  Horace  A.  Ackley,  and  retained  that 
position  seven  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1861  one  of  the 
first  acts  of  Governor  Tod  was  to  appoint  him  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  Ohio  forces,  with  special  mission  to  organize 
a system  for  better  medical  care  of  the  troops  in  the  field. 
After  making  arrangements  for  the  better  condition  of  the 
camps  and  hospitals  in  the  State,  he  obtained  from  the 
Secretary  of  W.ar  permission  to  visit  the  Ohio  soldiers  in 


his  official  relations  with  the  .State  and  resumed  his  duties 
in  the  college.  While  holding  the  office  of  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral he  reduced  the  cost  of  transporting  wounded  soldiers 
from  four  cents  per  man  to  half  a cent,  and  this  while  in- 
creasing their  comfort.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he  closed  his 
connection  with  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  and  in 
1864  organized  the  Charity  Hospital  Medical  College,  of 
which  he  was  made  Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery  and  also 
Dean  of  the  Faculty.  He  was  also  appointed  Consulting 
Surgeon  of  Charity  Hospital,  a.  noble  institution,  which 
owed  its  existence  mainly  to  his  suggestions  and  efforts. 
From  first  to  last  his  services  to  the  hospital  were  gratu- 
itously rendered.  It  was  finally  merged  into  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Wooster,  he  being  chosen 
to  fill  the  same  positions  occupied  during  its  independent 
existence.  He  made  one  of  the  greatest  discoveries  in 
modern  surgical  science  by  the  invention  of  a new  method 
for  closing  arteries  of  large  size  in  surgical  operations  with- 
out a ligature.  This  consists  in  reflecting  the  wall  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


599 


arteiy,  or  folding  it  back  upon  itself  (like  turning  back  the 
cuff  of  a coat),  which  doubles  the  thickness  of  the  arterial 
wall  at  the  end  of  the  divided  artery,  and  enables  the  artery 
to  close  itself  by  its  own  contraction.  Lest  the  wall  turn 
back  again,  a very  delicate  silver  pin,  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  in  length,  is  passed  through  the  walls  of  the  artery  at 
the  point  of  reflection.  This  important  discoveiy  has  been 
frequently  tested,  never  failed,  and  promises  to  eventually 
revolutionize  the  existing  system  of  closing  arteries  with 
ligatures.  It  prevents  the  introduction  of  foreign  substances 
into  the  wound,  and  thereby  effectually  precludes  the  pos- 
sibility of  decomposition.  To  him  the  profession  are  in- 
debted for  the  method  of  removing  stone  from  the  bladder 
in  females  by  the  division  of  the  urethra  as  far  as  the 
sphincter  and  then  its  extraction  through  the  dilated  sphinc- 
ter. Many  of  his  other  remarkable  inventions  in  surgery 
might  be  mentioned.  In  1859  he  established  the  Cleveland 
Medical  Gazette,  which  he  conducted  with  ability  during 
several  years.  As  a lecturer  he  is  logical;  and  as  a surgeon 
he  ranks  among  the  foremost  of  this  country,  his  operations 
having  acquired  a national  and  European  reputation.  He 
was  married  in  1854  to  Ruth  Elizabeth  Cheney,  of  New 
York  city,  and  has  two  children,  Carl  and  Ida.  He  has  a 
fine  presence,  genial  qualities,  and  his  benevolent  public 
spirit  makes  him  universally  beloved. 


necticut. 


OSES,  HALSEY  H.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in  Ashta- 
bula county,  July  i6th,  1830.  His  parents  were 
Jonathan  and  Abigail  (Plumley)  Moses.  They 
were  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  Western 
Reserve,  having  anived  in  Ashtabula  county  in 
the  spring  of  1814  from  Litchfield  county,  Con- 
It  illustrates  the  recent  condition  of  a country, 
now  among  the  finest  and  wealthiest  in  the  whole  civilized 
world,  to  reflect  that  this  family  moved  thither  to  an  almost 
unbroken  wilderness  only  sixty  years  ago,  their  whole  ef- 
fects drawn  by  a single  team  of  oxen.  The  parents  of  Mr. 
Moses  settled  on  a farm  of  two  hundred  acres,  and  he 
received  the  advantages  of  such  schools  as  the  country 
afforded  till  the  age  of  fourteen,  when,  his  father  dying,  his 
future  maintenance  devolved  upon  himself.  He  finished 
his  education  at  the  Austinburg  Institute,  Ashtabula  county, 
but  never  completed  a regular  course,  and  after  the  age  of 
eighteen  never  attended  school.  For  a time  lie  engaged  in 
carpenter’s  work,  but  having  a strong  ambition  for  a profes- 
sional career,  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  the  study  of 
law  with  A.  L.  Linker,  of  Painesville,  Ohio.  On  reaching 
his  majority  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  at  once  began 
practice  in  Ashtabula  county,  where  he  remained  till  Janu- 
ai7,  1862,  when  he  removed  to  Warren,  Trumbull  county, 
and  associated  himself  professionally  with  General  Rutliff. 
He  has  long  held  a position  among  the  ablest  lawyers  at  the 
bar,  and  enjoys  an  extensive  practice.  He  has  an  office  at 


Youngstown,  Mahoning  county,  where  he  also  has  a large 
professional  patronage.  He  married  Mary  J.  Murdock, 
of  Trumbull  county,  with  whom  he  has  three  children, 
two  sons  and  a daughter. 


CARBOROUGH,  WILLIAM  W.,  President  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gas  Light  & Coke  Company,  w.as 
born  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  on  February  20th, 
1814.  His  father  was  a heavy  shipping  merchant 
who  was  financially  ruined  by  the  burning  of  his 
vessels  by  the  British,  in  Long  Island  sound,  in 
the  war  then  pending,  and  died  while  his  son  was  an 
infant.  His  mother  was  a sister  of  President  Woolsey,  of 
Yale  College.  She  again  married,  becoming  by  the  second 
marriage  the  mother  of  Hon.  George  E.  Hoadley,  for  many 
years  the  law  partner  of  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase.  William 
received  his  business  education  in  the  famous  shipping 
house  of  Goodhue  & Co.,  New  York,  and  when  of  age  the 
firm  sent  him  as  supercargo  of  one  of  their  East  India 
trading  vessels.  From  1838  until  1843  he  resided  at 
Mazatlan,  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico,  heavily  engaged  in 
commerce,  acting  there  as  the  agent  of  the  great  house  of 
Howland  & Aspinwall,  New  York.  During  these  years  he 
made  six  overland  trips  on  horseback  across  the  continent 
from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  Pacific.  From  1843  to  1846  he  was 
a banker  at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  married  Sarah  Van 
Buren;  of  their  children  one  is  the  wife  of  Rev.  Hugh 
Smythe,  D.  D.,  of  Cincinnati.  From  1846  to  the  present 
time  Mr.  Scarborough  has  been  in  business  in  Cincinnati, 
first  as  a member  of  the  house  of  Springer  & Whiteman, 
then  as  President  of  the  Ohio  Valley  Bank  during  the  en- 
tire period  of  its  existence,  and  now  he  is  President  of  the 
Cincinnati  Gas  Light  & Coke  Company.  In  February, 
1875,  appointed  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Cincin- 

nati Southern  Railroad,  a position  of  no  emoluments,  but 
of  great  responsibilities. 


URNS,  B.\RNABAS,  was  born  in  Fayette  county, 
Pennsylvania,  June  29th,  1817.  His  parents 
were  Andrew  and  Sarah  (Caldwell)  Burns,  both 
natives  of  Ireland.  His  education  was  received 
in  Ohio,  where  the  family  had  removed  in  1820; 
he  was  Clerk  of  the  court  from  1840  to  1846, 
and  in  the  latter  year  entered  the  law  office  of  T.  W.  Bart- 
ley and  S.  J.  Kirkwood,  prominent  practitioners  of  Mans- 
field and  both  men  of  ability,  .S.  J.  Kirkwood  now  being 
Governor  of  Iowa,  and  recently  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  In  1848  Mr.  Burns  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
had  always  taken  a lively  interest  in  politics,  and  became 
as  it  were  a party  leader  in  his  section,  acting  with  the 
Democratic  organization.  In'1847  he  was  chosen  to  repre- 


6oo 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


sent  the  counties  of  Richland  and  Crawford  in  the  Senate 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  in  1849  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office  for  another  term.  During  his  membership  in 
this  body  he  served  on  the  following  committees  : Finance, 
Privileges  and  Elections,  and  as  Chairman  of  Committees 
on  Benevolent  Institutions.  After  the  expiration  of  his 
senatorial  career  he  became  associated  in  the  practice  of 
law  with  his  preceptor,  S.  J.  Kirkwood,  and  continued  his 
connection  with  him  for  four  years,  until,  in  fact,  Mr.  Kirk- 
wood removed  to  Iowa.  He  was  Senatorial  Elector  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  in  1852.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he 
entered  the  army  as  Colonel  of  the  86th  Ohio  Infantry,  and 
remained  in  active  service  during  one  campaign,  when  he 
was  mustered  out,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service, 
and  returned  to  the  practice  of  law  at  Mansfield,  where  he 
has  since  been  actively  employed.  In  the  spring  of  1873 
he  was  chosen,  without  opposition,  to  represent  Richland 
county  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Ohio.  He  was 
the  Democratic  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio 
in  1873,  ^ about  430,000  vras  only  defeated 

by  about  500  votes.  He  served  as  one  of  the  Trustees  of 
the  Ohio  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Orphans’  Home  from  1869 
to  1874.  He  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor  of  Ohio, 
Centennial  Commissioner  from  that  State.  As  a lawyer  he 
stands  with  the  leaders  of  the  profession  in  the  .State.  Al- 
though of  late  years  he  has  nearly  eschewed  politics,  he  is 
a person  of  large  influence  in  the  handling  of  political 
bodies,  and  as  a political  speaker  is  very  effective.  He  was 
married  on  September  l6lh,  1841  to  Urath  Gore,  of  Mary- 
land. 


YRAIG,  JAMES  \V.,  M.  D.,  was  born,  January 
17th,  1S24,  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a 
son  of  Samuel  C.  and  Jane  (Woods)  Craig. 
The  paternal  branch  of  the  family  came  from 
the  north  of  .Scotland,  and  were  among  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Massachusetts,  having  emi- 
grated to  America  anterior  to  the  revolutionary  war.  His 
mother  was  a native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
His  preliminary  education  was  obtained  at  the  public 
schools  in  his  native  county,  and  he  subsequently  attended 
a private  school,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a 
classical  course.  Having  selected  the  medical  profession 
as  his  future  sphere  of  action,  he  matriculated  at  the  West- 
ern Reserve  College,  located  at  Cleveland,  in  1849,  and, 
after  the  regular  prescribed  course  of  study  therein,  gradu- 
ated, and  was  licensed  to  practise  in  the  spring  of  1851. 
He  settled  originally  at  Ontario,  Richland  county,  where  he 
entered  upon  his  professional  career,  and  for  a period  of 
twenty  years  practised  successfully  and  extensively  in  that 
town  and  in  the  surrounding  country.  Having  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  his  professional  duties,  he  soon  acquired 
the  reputation  of  a careful  and  skilful  practitioner,  and 
enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  community.  In  1870,  being 


desirous  of  still  further  extending  his  already  large  practice, 
he  removed  to  Mansfield,  where  he  at  once  took  rank 
among  the  leaders  of  his  profession  in  that  city.  During 
the  late  civil  war  he  passed  an  examination  before  the 
United  States  Medical  Board  of  Examiners,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Surgeon  for  Camp  Mansfield,  which  was  a rendez- 
vous for  troops  that  were  being  organized  for  field  service. 
He  performed  the  duties  of  this  position  with  credit  to  him- 
self and  also  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  government. 
Though  he  is  engaged  in  a general  medical  practice,  he  is 
particularly  favorable  to  surgery,  and  has  performed  many 
.and  various  surgical  operations,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned an  uncommon  case,  that  for  recto-vesico  vaginal 
fistula.  He  was  married,  January  24th,  1854,  to  Eliza 
McConnell,  of  Pennsylvania. 


«YERS,  HON.  SAMUEL,  Fanner,  was  bom,  June 
nth,  1776,  in  Philadelphia  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  received  a good  education.  He  be- 
came subsequently  a teacher  in  Virginia.  In 
a 1807  he  removed  to  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  which 
was  then  literally  a wilderness  and  populated  by 
Indians,  who  outnumbered  the  whites  two  to  one.  He  be- 
gan farming,  and  in  the  course  of  time  became  the  owner 
of  about  two  thousand  acres  of  land ; he  also  taught  school 
for  one  term.  In  1812  he  was  elected  a member  of  the 
lower  House  in  the  General  Assembly,  and  served  during 
his  term;  the  c:  p'tal  was  then  at  Chillicothe.  During  the 
following  year  he  was  a captain  in  the  militia,  and  while  in 
service  in  the  war  with  Great  Britain  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Major.  After  the  close  of  hostilities  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  grade  of  Colonel.  He  was  again  elected,  in 
1818,  a member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the 
State  Legislature,  which  now  met  at  Columbus,  whither  the 
capital  had  been  removed.  He  was  a Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  thirty  years.  While  a teacher  in  Virginia  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Elizabeth  Smith.  He  died  in  1S40,  leaving  seven 
children,  one  of  whom  is  Hon.  J.  L.  Myers,  a representa- 
tive in  the  Sixty-first  Geneiwl  Assembly  of  Ohio. 


^j^OODWIN,  HOMER,  I.awyer,  was  born  in  Burton, 
Geauga  county,  Ohio,  October  15th,  1819.  He 
received  his  education  at  the  Western  Reserve 
College,  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  the  class  of  1S44.  After  leav- 
ing college  he  removed  to  Sandusky,  where  he 
became  a teacher  in  the  High  School,  and  was  so  occupied 
for  a year.  In  the  autumn  of  1845  he  returned  to  Burton 
and  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  the  supervision 
of  Judge  Hitchcock.  After  pursuing  the  required  course 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


6oi 


of  readings,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Januaiy,  1847; 
and  in  the  following  month  of  June  removed  to  Sandusky, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  has  established  an  ex- 
tensive and  lucrative  practice ; in  fact,  having  the  largest 
line  of  patronage  accorded  to  any  member  of  the  bar  in 
Erie  county,  and  is  to-day  the  leading  lawyer  in  Sandusky. 
He  was  originally  a Whig  in  political  sentiments,  and  then 
acted  with  the  Free-Soil  parly ; at  present  he  is  affiliated 
with  the  Republicans.  He  _was  married,  October  29th, 
1849,  Maryett  Cowles,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


LOSS,  GEORGE  MANOR  DAVIS,  Editor  and 
Politician,  was  born.  May  2d,  1827,  in  Derby, 
Orleans  county,  Vermont.  His  father  was  a 
custom  house  officer  in  that  State,  and  was  in 
the  government  employ  during  the  war  of  1812. 
His  grandfather  Bloss  was  born  about  the  mid- 
dle of  the  eighteenth  century,  in  New  Hampshire,  and  was 
a soldier  in  the  Revolution.  His  mother  was  a Davis,  and 
from  her  he  has  the  name.  Manor  Davis.  His  family,  on 
both  sides,  run  back  among  the  earliest  New  England 
settlers.  In  1830  his  father,  with  his  family,  removed  to 
Watertown,  Jefferson  county,  New  York ; remained  there 
until  1838,  and  afterwards  removed  to  Oswego  City.  George 
attended  school  at  the  academy  at  Belleville,  Jefferson 
county.  New  York,  where  one  of  his  instructors  was  Hiram 
H.  Barney,  father  of  R.  D.  Barney,  of  Robert  Clarke  & Co., 
of  Cincinnati.  Mr.  Barney  was  years  afterwards  Principal 
of  Hughes’  High  School,  of  Cincinnati,  and  at  one  time 
Ohio  State  School  Commissioner.  In  the  winter  of  1846, 
having  completed  a fair  academical  education,  Mr.  Bloss 
began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Grant  & Allen,  in 
the  city  of  New  York.  Allen  is  now  one  of  the  judges  of 
New  York  Court  of  Appeals.  In  1850  Mr.  Bloss  was  ex- 
imined  before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Syracuse,  and  admitted 
to  practise.  At  once  he  opened  an  office  in  the  building 
occupied  by  the  ralladiu7n.  Democratic  daily  paper. 
Always  a strong  Democrat,  and  taking  a deep  interest  in 
politics,  he  wrote  many  articles  for  the  Pallndit^m,  fre- 
quently editing  it  in  the  absence  of  its  editor.  In  1852  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  with  the  intention  of  practising  his 
profession,  but  in  order  to  make  friends  and  at  once  put 
himself  on  good  terms  with  the  people,  he  brought  letters 
of  introduction  to  Messrs.  Faran  & Robinson,  then  pro- 
prietors of  the  Cincinnati  Enqtiirer.  This  at  once  brought 
about  an  engagement  to  write  for  that  paper.  And  this  en- 
gagement, designed  to  be  temporary,  so  agreed  with  his 
natural  inclinations,  that  it  has  ever  since  remained  un- 
broken. He  is  now  the  oldest  political  editor  connected 
with  the  Western  press,  being  a few  months  the  senior  of 
Mr.  Halstead.  In  1854  he  was  married  to  Lizzie  McCor- 
mick, granddaughter  of  General  McCormick,  who  was  the 
first  person  that  administered  the  ordinances  of  the  Mctho- 

76 


dist  Church  north  of  the  Ohio  river.  He  has  four  children, 
and  resides  at  Branch  Hill,  twenty  miles  from  Cincinnati, 
on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad.  In  Columbus,  January  8lh, 
1S68,  at  the  Democratic  Stale  Convention,  the  platform 
which  nominated  Mr.  I’enclleton  for  President  of  the  United 
States  was  mainly  written  by  Mr.  Bloss,  and  afterwards,  at 
the  solicitation  of  the  friends  of  Mr.  Pendleton,  he  wrote 
that  statesman’s  campaign  biography.  In  1872  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions  at  the  Democratic 
Slate  Convention  in  Cleveland,  which  instructed  the  dele- 
gates to  the  Baltimore  Convention  to  vote  for  Greeley  and 
Brown,  the  Liberal  Republican  c.andidates.  He  was  made 
chairman  of  the  committee,  and  reported  the  platform  to 
the  convention.  In  1874  his  friends  brought  his  name 
before  the  convention  at  Morrow,  as  Democratic  candidate 
for  Congress  in  the  Third  Congressional  District.  The 
nomination  was  not  made  until  the  fifty-seventh  ballot.  He 
was  one  of  the  highest  candidates  and  came  within  a few 
votes  of  securing  the  nomination.  Saving  this  instance,  he 
has  never  been  a candidate  for  public  office.  Robert  Clarke 
& Co.,  of  Cincinnati,  in  1875  issued  a valuable  collection  of 
Mr.  Bloss’s  literary  productions,  entitled  “ Historic  and 
Literary  Miscellany.”  This  work  is  composed  of  what  he 
deems  his  best  and  most  unobjectionable  articles,  which 
have,  from  time  to  time,  appeared  in  the  Cincinnati  En- 
quirer, since  his  connection  with  it  began,  twenty-five  years 
ago.  He  is  a fine  biographer,  a fluent  and  forcible  writer, 
and  never  has  had  an  equal  as  a political  writer  in  the 
editorial  department  of  the  Enquirer.  In  fact,  he  has  long 
been  the  political  ballast,  so  to  speak,  of  that  paper.  No 
man  connected  with  the  press  ol  the  State  has  done  more 
for  his  party  or  manufactured  more  of  its  shot  and  shell. 
Born  in  New  England,  and  reared  under  Puritan  influences, 
transplanted  to  the  West,  he  has  become  one  of  the  extreme 
types  of  Democratic  latitudinarianism.  He  has  a remark- 
able memory,  and  as  a political  historian  of  both  Europe 
and  America,  he  has  few  or  no  equals  in  the  country.  He 
is  a man  of  deep  social  attachments,  and  has  personally 
many  earnest  friends,  and  no  enemies. 


p> 

["LENDENIN,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  jorn  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  October  1st, 
1829.  His  ])arents  were  of  Scotch  origin,  and 
his  father  was  a farmer.  He  was  very  early  left 
in  the  care  of  his  mother,  by  the  death  of  his 
father.  To  her  character  and  example  he  attrib- 
utes any  success  or  usefulness  of  his  life.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  was  put  in  the  drug  store  of  Dr.  John  Gammil,at 
New  Castle,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  doctor’s  family  he  lived, 
and  with  him  studied.  After  four  years  in  the  store  he 
became  a regular  medical  student  under  the  doctor.  In 
1849  ''e  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  the  Ohio 
.Medical  College,  and  in  the  s|iring  of  1851,  at  the  end  of 


602 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


his  second  course  of  lectures,  he  graduated.  After  receiv- 
ing his  diploma,  he  spent  two  or  three  years  in  teaching  in 
Indiana.  In  1853  he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  connection  with 
Dr.  R.  D.  Mussey,  and  after  his  death,  with  his  son.  Dr. 
William  Mussey.  This  connection  lasted  five  years.  In 
1856  Dr.  Clendenin  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy in  the  Miami  Medical  College.  This  position  he  held 
one  year.  When,  in  1857,  the  Miami  and  Ohio  Colleges 
were  consolidated,  he  still  held  his  position,  until  in  the 
spring  of  1859  he  resigned  in  order  to  make  a trip  to 
Europe,  for  the  purpose  of  furthering  his  medical  knowl- 
edge. This  he  did  in  a most  thorough  manner,  by  taking 
private  lessons  in  anatomy  and  surgery,  and  by  attending 
the  lectures  of  Velpeau,  Trousseau,  Malgaigne,  and  other 
eminent  men  of  the  Royal  Medical  College  of  Paris, 
having  previously  studied  the  French  language  with  this 
view.  lie  also  attended  the  lectures  of  Sir  Thomas  Watson, 
Erasmus  Wilson,  Sir  William  Furgeson,  and  others  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  of  London.  After  spending 
eighteen  months  in  this  way,  he  returned  to  Cincinnati ; 
immediately  went  to  Washington,  was  examined  by  the 
Medical  Board,  and  appointed  Surgeon  in  the  army.  At 
Camp  Dennison,  Ohio,  under  General  Mitchell,  he  had  his 
first  army  experience;  afterwards  he  was  sent  to  West  Vir- 
ginia, under  General  Rosecrans,  and  there  served  in  Gen- 
eral Fremont’s  and  Sigel’s  commands.  After  the  second 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  in  which  he  participated,  he  took  charge 
of  Emery  General  Hospital,  in  Washington.  Later  he 
served  under  General  Rosecrans  at  Murfreesboro’,  Tennes- 
see. He  became  Medical  Director  of  the  14th  Army  Corps 
under  General  Thomas,  and  after  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  Assistant  Medical  Director  of  the  Department  of 
the  Cumberland,  with  charge  of  all  the  hospitals  and  trans- 
fer of  sick.  Subsequently  he  was  appointed  Medical  In- 
spector of  Hospitals,  and  held  the  position  till  July,  1865. 
At  this  time  he  was  called  to  Washington,  and  received 
from  Mr.  Johnson  the  appointment  of  Consul  to  St.  Peters- 
burg. But  having  just  been  chosen  Professor  of  Surgery 
and  Surgical  Anatomy  in  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  and 
other  private  matters  interfering,  he  was  compelled  to 
decline.  Having  finally  returned  to  Cincinnati  in  1865,  he 
was  appointed  Health  Officer,  a new  office  created  by  the 
city  government  in  anticipation  of  the  advent  of  cholera. 
He  was,  consequently,  Cincinnati’s  first  health  officer. 
After  taking  charge  of  the  sanitary  affairs  of  the  city,  as 
Officer  to  the  Board  of  Health,  he  communicated  with 
Eastern  cities  in  reference  to  their  health  regulations. 
Afterwards  he  drafted  a sanitary  bill  and  presented  it  to  the 
Legislature.  This  bill,  with  features  peculiarly  adapted  to 
Cincinnati,  was  finally  passed  in  March,  1867.  The  winter 
before  the  Legislature  refused  to  pass  the  bill ; but  one  year 
of  cholera  materially  changed  their  views,  and  it  was  ulti- 
mately made  a law  without  opposition.  This  did  away 
with  the  Council  Ordinance,  and  made  a permanent  health 


organization  for  the  city,  and  the  basis  of  all  the  present 
sanitaiy  regulations  of  the  State.  To  Dr.  Clendenin  is 
therefore  due  the  credit  of  the  present  sanitary  system  of 
Cincinnati.  He  is,  too,  the  author  of  the  health  laws  of 
the  State,  now  in  force  by  act  of  the  Legislature.  He  was 
one  of  the  originators  of  the  American  Health  Association. 
After  the  war  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Cincinnati  Hos- 
pital Surgeons.  This  position  he  held  three  years,  then  re- 
signed for  want  of  time  to  attend  to  such  duties.  He  still 
occupies  the  chair  in  the  Miami  College,  to  which  he  was 
elected  in  1865.  He  is  a member  of  the  Academy  of 
Medicine,  Cincinnati  Medical  Society,  State  Medical 
Society,  American  Medical  Association,  American  Health 
Association,  and  Society  of  Natural  History.  Dr.  Clen- 
denin is  a Christian.  He  has  devoted  his  spare  moments, 
somewhat,  to  literary  pursuits ; has  written  some  poetry  and 
contributed  largely  to  various  magazines.  He  is  a success- 
ful and  attractive  medical  lecturer,  and,  in  short,  a man  who 
will  leave  society  better  by  his  living.  On  January  ist, 
1866,  he  was  married  to  Sabra  Birchard,  of  Cambridge, 
Pennsylvania. 


cKENNY,  HON.  JOHN  C.,  Attorney-at-Law, 
Dayton,  Ohio,  and  ex-Judge  of  the  Probate  and 
Common  Pleas  Courts,  was  born  in  Rockbridge 
county,  Virginia,  May  5th,  1835.  His  par- 
ents were  William  and  Elizabeth  (Kirkpatrick) 
McKenny.  He  is,  as  the  etymology  of  the  name 
would  indicate,  of  mixed  Irish  and  Scotch  descent,  though 
both  families  have  resided  in  Virginia  for  several  genera- 
tions. The  parents  of  Judge  McKenny  followed  the  occu- 
pation of  farming,  and  he  enjoyed  some  meagre  advantages 
of  schooling  at  a private  institution  in  his  native  county, 
but  leaving  home  at  the  age  of  twenty  to  seek  his  own  for- 
tune, he  made  his  way  to  Darke  county,  Ohio,  and  there 
procured  for  himself  a substantial  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  adopted  State.  In  1857  he  began  the  study 
of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February,  1861.  He 
at  once  began  practice  at  Greenville,  and  having  previously 
become  well  known  to  the  people  during  the  political  cam- 
paigns, he  soon  acquired  a large  professional  business.  In 
1866,  in  connection  with  George  D.  Kinder,  he  purchased 
and  edited  the  Darke  County  Democrat,  till  1868.  The 
same  year  he  was  also  elected  Probate  Judge  for  Darke 
county,  and  served  till  May,  1868,  when  he  resigned  to  take 
his  seat  upon  the  Common  Pleas  bench,  to  which  he  had 
been  elected.  This  position  he  occupied  till  October,  1872, 
when  he  resigned,  and,  removing  to  Dayton,  associated 
himself  with  G.  V.  Nauerth  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
To  say  that  Judge  McKenny  is  a self-made  man  is  only  to 
repeat  a trite  expression,  which  is  very  indiscriminately 
lavished  on  enterprising  Americans,  but  with  him  it  is  more 
of  a stern  reality  than  a complimentary  figure  of  speech. 
Aniving  in  Darke  county  with  only  two  dollars  and  a half 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


603 


in  his  pocket,  he  supported  himself  by  manual  labor  while 
getting  his  education  and  studying  law,  and  has  achieved 
his  very  honorable  position  at  the  bar  of  Ohio  under  no 
more  fortuitous  circumstances  than  the  possession  of  native 
intelligence  and  energy  of  character.  He  has  always  taken 
a lively  interest  in  politics,  and  even  before  he  was  admitted 
* to  the  bar  had  acquired  a reputation  as  a stump  speaker. 
He  has  repeatedly  been  Chairman  of  the  Darke  and  Mont- 
gomery County  Democratic  Committees.  In  i86i  he  mar- 
ried Maiy  Ann  Wylie,  of  Darke  county. 


^ (o/fOHNSON,  WILLIAM  PARKER,  M.  D.,  Director 
of  the  Philadelphia  Branch  of  the  National  Surgi- 
cal Institute,  was  born  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  on 
September  21st,  1824.  His  parents  were  John 
and  Sallie  (Wyatt)  Johnson,  both  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania; the  former  settled  in  Ohio  in  1802. 
William  I’arker  attended  the  common  schools  of  Athens 
county,  and  in  1837  entered  the  Ohio  University,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1843.  O'l  leaving  college  he  took 
up  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Blackstone,  a 
native  of  Virginia,  and  a resident  of  Athens  county.  With 
him  he  read  the  text  books  and  learned  something  of  the 
practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  Having  thus  qualified 
himself,  he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Louisville,  from  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring 
of  1847.  Immediately  after  graduation,  having  married 
Julia  M.  Blackstone,  his  preceptor’s  daughter,  he  began  the 
practice  of  medicine,  settling  in  Nelsonville,  in  his  native 
county.  There  he  remained  for  three  years,  enjoying  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  a growing  connection.  He  then 
removed  to  Athens,  and  became  associated  in  practice  with 
his  preceptor  and  father-in-law,  and  that  continued  to  be 
his  home  until  1869.  When  the  war  broke  out  in  1861, 
desirous  of  doing  all  in  his  power  to  sustain  the  cause  of 
liberty  and  the  Union,  he  entered  the  army  as  Surgeon, 
attached  to  the  i8th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  served  until  mustered  out,  a period  of  over  three  years. 
He  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  was 
present  at  all  the  battles  fought  by  that  command,  manifest- 
ing at  all  times  and  under  the  most  trying  circumstances 
bravery,  coolness,  and  great  surgical  ability.  Before  leav- 
ing the  army,  in  the  fall  of  1863,  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  Ohio  Legislature,  as  representative  from  Athens 
county.  His  election  occurred  while  he  was  at  Chatta- 
nooga, both  the  nomination  and  election  happening  without 
his  knowledge.  During  the  first  session  of  his  term  he 
served  by  leave  of  absence  from  the  army.  So  well  pleased 
were  his  constituents  with  his  efforts  on  their  behalf  and  for 
the  general  good  of  the  Commonwealth,  that  at  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  he  was  re-elected,  and  again  returned  when 
the  second  term  was  concluded,  the  nomination  on  each 
occasion  being  unopposed  save  by  himself.  He  thus  served 


for  a period  of  six  years.  During  this  time  he  took  a promi- 
nent part  in  legislation  and  was  especially  identified,  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Benevolent  Institutions, 
with  several  important  measures.  Thus,  he  was  the  author 
of  the  bill  for  building  the  Lunatic  Asylum  at  Athens,  and 
also  those  for  enlarging  the  Northern  and  Southern  Asylums. 
He  was  very  active  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  measure 
for  establishing  the  Idiotic  Asylum  at  Columbus,  and  it  is 
conceded  by  the  trustees  that  its  passage  is  due  to  him.  At 
the  close  of  his  term  in  1869,  Dr.  Johnson  moved  to 
Indianapolis,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
entering  into  partnership  with  Dr.  H.  R.  Allen,  in  the 
direction  of  the  National  Surgical  Institute.  This  institu- 
tion was  originally  founded  in  1858,  for  the  treatment  of  all 
diseases  requiring  the  surgeon’s  care,  but  especially  of  de- 
formities, great  attention  being  devoted  to  the  treatment  of 
paralysis.  So  admfrable  and  successful  has  been  its  man- 
agement, that  the  directors  have  been  encouraged  to  open 
branches  in  various  cities.  In  February,  1864,  the  Atlanta 
establishment  was  opened;  in  the  November  following,  that 
in  San  Francisco,  and  in  February,  1876,  that  in  Philadel- 
phia. Of  the  last  Dr.  Johnson  has  especial  charge.  The 
building  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  institute  in  Phila- 
delphia is  situate  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Broad  and 
Arch  streets,  having  a fine  frontage  to  each  thoroughfare. 
The  first  floor  is  occupied  for  reception  rooms,  consultation 
offices,  and  the  secretary’s  office.  On  the  second  are  the 
treatment  and  bathing-rooms.  One  of  the  former  is  one 
hundred  feet  long  by  twenty  wide,  and  contains  upwards 
of  fifty  mechanical  contrivances  of  the  most  ingenious  and 
efficient  character,  for  the  treatment  of  paralysis  and  de- 
formities. The  bathing- rooms  are  admirably  arranged,  in- 
cluding a Turkish  or  hot-air  bath,  so  devised  as  to  save 
feeble  patients  from  inhaling  the  hot  air  while  extending  all 
its  benefits  to  their  bodies.  The  special  feature  of  the  in- 
stitute is  that  the  surgeons  possess  a practical  knowledge  of 
mechanics  so  far  as  they  relate  to  surgery ; that  they  design 
the  necessary  apparatus  in  each  case  and  apply  it,  saving 
the  patient  all  risk  at  the  hands  of  mechanics  who  are 
merely  mechanics,  as  most  surgical  aiqfliance  manufacturers 
are.  All  the  surgical  appliances  used  in  the  institute  are 
made  therein;  most  are  peculiar  to  it  and  upon  these  patents 
are  held.  An  idea  of  the  experience  gained  by  Drs.  Allen 
and  Johnson  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  in  the  four 
establishments  an  average  of  over  four  thousand  cases  are 
treated  annually;  at  present  writing  (April,  1876)  more 
than  that  number  are  under  treatment.  And  this  notwith- 
standing the  fair  and  honorable  policy  pursued  of  at  once 
informing  all  applicants  for  relief  whether  anything  can  l)c 
done  for  them  or  not.  A patient  is  not  received  unless 
there  is  a good  prospect  that  an  improvement  can  be  wrought. 
Dr.  Johnson  is  assisted  in  the  Philadelphia  branch  by  two 
experienced  surgeons,  Drs.  Miller  and  McLean.  Politi- 
cally Dr.  Johnson  was  originally  a Whig,  but  as  that 
organization  gave  place  to  the  Republican,  he  naturally 


6o4 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


found  himself  in  the  ranks  of  the  new  party,  of  which 
he  has  continued  to  he  a consistent  adherent.  Ilis  first 
presidential  vote  was  cast  for  Zachary  Taylor.  Apart  from 
his  legislative  career  he  has  not  moved  in  public  affairs,  pre- 
ferring to  devote  himself  to  a profession  in  which  mankind 
may  be  so  largely  benefited.  In  1864  he  was  appointed 
Trustee  of  the  Ohio  University,  a position  he  still  holds,  but 
this  is  the  only  office  he  has  occupied.  He  is  a member  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  Ilis  wife  died  four  years  ago, 
leaving  him  two  children. 


taken  but  very  few  vacations ; he,  however,  revisited  his  old 
home  in  Massachusetts  in  1S54.  lie,  with  his  excellent 
wife,  are  very  highly  esteemed  in  Findley.  lie  was  married 
in  1S37  to  Clara  II.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Secretary  Rawson, 
formerly  of  Richfield,  Ohio,  but  now  of  Des  Moin,cs,  Iowa, 
where  he  yet  resides,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty  years. 
He  is  the  sixth  generation  in  direct  descent  from  Edward 
Rawson,  Secretary  of  Massachusetts  colony,  from  1650  to 
1606. 


IRMIN,  LORENZO,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born, 
March  31st,  1S08,  in  South  Wilbraham,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  is  the  son  of  John  Firmin.  His 
parents  were  both  natives  of  Massachusetts,  and 
lived  and  died  in  Wilbraham.  Lorenzo  resided 
with  his  parents  on  the  farm  until  he  was  twenty 
years  of  age.  He  received  only  a common  school  educa- 
tion. Soon  after  he  was  twenty  he  went  to  Springfield,  and 
commenced  work  at  the  shoemaker’s  trade.  He  remained 
there  about  a year,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Munson,  where 
he  sojourned  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Ellington, 
Connecticut,  where  he  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  busi- 
ness, with  Stephen  Martin.  After  leaving  this  last-named 
place  he  passed  some  time  at  home.  He  next  proceeded 
to  Hartford,  and  worked  at  his  trade  for  a year,  and  then 
travelled  into  New  York  State,  stopping  at  Utica,  Rochester 
and  Whitesborough,  being  employed  at  journey-work  while 
at  each  place.  After  an  absence  of  over  two  years  from 
home,  he  returned  on  a visit  to  Massachusetts.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1834  he  went  to  Ohio,  and  stopped  at  Richfield,  in 
Summit  county,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr. 
Secretary  Rawson,  who  aided  him  in  starting  a tannery  at 
that  town,  which  he  successfully  followed  for  the  succeeding 
seven  years,  and  during  that  period  acquired  considerable 
property,  including  a farm.  In  1841  he  resolved  to  relin- 
quish the  tanning  business,  and  dispose  of  his  interests  in 
the  tannery,  which  he  did,  and  removed  to  Findley,  Ohio, 
where  he  immediately  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  Bass  Rawson,  his  wife’s  uncle  ( rnd  whose  bio- 
graphical sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume),  con- 
tinuing with  him  some  three  years.  In  1844  he  attended  a 
course  of  lectures  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  College.  He 
first  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Benton, 
Hancock  county,  where  he  remained  about  one  year.  In 
1847  he  removed  to  Findley,  and  settled  there  perma- 
nently as  a practising  physician.  During  the  first  season 
after  his  loc.ation  in  that  town,  he  entered  upon  a very  active 
practice,  as  it  was  unusually  sickly  in  the  county  during  that 
year;  and  he  has  ever  since  been  engaged  in  an  extensive 
line  of  professional  duty.  He  has  been  very  successful  in 
his  career,  and  has  acquired  a fine  property.  He  occupies 
a handsome  residence,  which  he  erected  in  i860.  He  has 


;^APLE.S,  ROBERT  COLE,  M.  D.,  Bhysician,  was 
born,  July  31st,  1S15,  in  New  Philadelphia,  Tus- 
carawas county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  Robert 
Francis  Caples,  an  early  settler  of  Ohio,  and  one 
of  the  Associate  Justices  of  Tuscarawas  county. 
He  was  in  the  war  of  1812,  holding  a Captain’s 
commission,  and  was  afterwards  a merchant,  for  some  years, 
in  Jeromeville,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  and  finally  removed  to 
Seneca  county,  where  he  laid  out  the  town  of  Risdon,  and 
died  in  1S34.  Dr.  Caples  was  one  of  nine  children,  and 
lived  at  home  at  Jeromeville  until  he  was  twenty  years 
old.  He  had  meanwhile  received  a common  school  educa- 
tion, and  had  also  p.assed  between  two  and  three  years  in  a 
store  in  Ashland,  Ohio.  In  1835  he  left  the  last-named 
place  and  went  to  Tiffin,  where  he  obtained  a position  in  the 
store  of  R.  W.  Shawhan,  a leading  merchant  there  (and 
whose  biographical  sketch  will  be  found  elsewhere  in  this 
volume).  He  continued  in  that  store  about  two  years,  when 
he  took  a stock  of  goods  to  the  town  of  Risdon,  and  opened 
a store  there  in  connection  with  his  employer.  This  store 
was  carried  on  by  him  for  two  years,  when  they  disposed  of 
it  in  1839.  He  then  concluded  to  study  medicine,  and 
commenced  his  readings  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Dana, 
of  Risdon,  where  he  continued  until  he  entered  a medical 
college  in  New  York,  where  he  pursued  his  studies,  and 
graduated  in  1843.  On  his  return  to  Ohio,  he  immediately 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Risdon,  which 
afterwards,  1S52,  became  united  with  the  village  of  Rome, 
and  is  now  the  well-known  town  of  Fostoria.  He  soon 
established  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  and  con- 
tinued in  it  alone,  until  he  associated  with  him  his  first 
student.  Dr.  R.  \V.  Hale,  who  had  commenced  the  reading 
of  medicine  with  him  in  1S52,  graduating  in  1856  at  the 
medical  college  in  Washington  city,  and  who  is  still  his 
partner,  and  one  of  the  foremost  members  of  the  profession 
in  northern  Ohio.  Dr.  Caples  has  confined  himself  strictly 
to  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  since  he  first  opened 
his  office,  nearly  the  third  of  a century  ago,  and  has  been 
very  successful  and  is  widely  known  as  an  able  practitioner. 
He  has  had  several  students  under  his  preceptorship  besides 
his  associate.  Dr.  Hale.  He  is  an  earnest  Republican  in 
sentiment,  but  takes  little  part  in  politics.  He  has,  how- 
ever, been  much  interested  in  all  matters  of  local  interest, 
especially  in  the  public  schools,  and  has  been  for  tlio  past 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


605 


fifteen  years  a member  of  the  Board  of  luUication,  and  for 
the  greater  part  of  this  period  President  of  the  same.  He 
was  married  at  Risdon,  Ohio,  in  November,  1S38,  to  Ann, 
daugliter  of  the  late  Adam  Wilson,  of  Geneva,  New  York; 
she  died  in  June,  1868,  leaving  a daughter,  another  child 
having  died  in  infancy.  Her  daughter,  Emma,  was  mar- 
ried, October,  1871,  to  Dr.  George  L.  Hoege,  of  Toledo, 
where  they  resided  a few  months,  and  then  returned  to 
F'ostoria,  where  she  died  in  June,  1873,  aged  twenty-one 
yeare.  Dr.  Caples  was  again  married,  April  3d,  1871,  in 
Fostoria,  to  Mary  E.  Barber,  and  has  one  child  by  this  union. 


UNGER,  COLONEL  WILLIAM,  Editor,  Lawyer 
and  Soldier,  was  born.  May  12th,  1821,  in  the 
city  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  is  of  Irish 
lineage,  his  parents  having  left  that  country  two 
years  before  his  birth.  In  1822  his  father  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia,  w'here  he  remained  until 
William  was  nine  years  old,  when  he  went  to  Ohio  with  his 
family  and  settled  in  Carroll  county.  William  was  taught 
the  rudiments  of  learning  by  his  mother,  who  was  a woman 
of  remarkable  mental  qualities  and  good  education.  Being 
a Presbyterian  she  required  him  to  commit  to  memory  the 
Westminster  Catechism,  and  to  read  daily  two  chapters  in 
the  Bible.  On  his  arrival  in  Ohio  he  was  put  to  work  on  a 
farm,  but  continued  to  pass  his  leisure  moments  in  study. 
From  the  time  he  was  fourteen  until  he  reached  the  age  of 
nineteen  years,  he  went  to  school  but  fifty-five  days  in  all  ; 
but  by  diligent  night  study  at  home,  he  made  excellent  at- 
tainments in  English  grammar,  mathematics,  and  the  physi- 
cal sciences;  and  he  acquired  a good  knowledge  of  Greek, 
besides  mastering  Latin,  and  also  of  the  French  and  Spanish 
languages,  before  he  attained  his  majority,  by  the  aid  of  in- 
struction received  from  Professor  John  McCormick,  a 
teacher  in  Carrollton.  He  taught  school  for  one  season  in 
Carroll  county,  and  also  in  Hancock  county  for  some  years 
during  the  wdnter  season,  working  on  a farm  in  the  summer, 
near  Findley,  Ohio,  whither  he  had  removed  with  his  father 
in  1842.  In  the  autumn  of  1844  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
Treasurer  of  Hancock  county,  and  in  February,  1845,  he 
commenced  editing  and  publishing,  in  F'indley,  the 
Hancock  Farmer,  a weekly  Democratic  paper.  Six  months 
subsequently  he  purchased  the  rival  newspaper  in  that  place 
and  united  the.  two  under  the  name  of  the  Democratic 
Courier,  which  journal  he  continued  to  edit  for  ten  years. 
In  the  autumn  of  1846  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  Hancock 
county,  and  was  re-elected  in  1848.  In  1850  he  took  an 
active  part,  both  on  the  stump  and  with  his  pen,  in  advocat- 
ing the  adoption  of  the  new  Constitution,  which  was  subse- 
quently carried  by  a popular  vote.  In  1851  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  of  which  Hancock 
county  formed  a part,  but  declined  a renomination  in  1853. 
In  the  meantime  he  had  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the 


bar,  and  commenced  practice  in  1853.  In  1858  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Democracy  of  the  Filth  District  as  a can- 
didate for  Congress,  but  his  opponent,  Hon.  J.  M.  Ashley, 
was  elected,  notwithstanding  that  he  ran  several  hundred 
votes  ahead  of  his  party  ticket.  He  continued  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  until  l86l.  When  the  civil  war  broke 
out  he  assisted  in  raising  the  21st  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry  in  April,  but  on  account  of  cases  pending  in  court, 
was  prevented  from  going  when  the  first  call  for  troops  was 
made.  He  soon  afterwards  enlisted  men  to  form  a battery 
of  light  artillery,  but  for  lack  of  arms  the  company  was  dis- 
banded. He  then  received  authority  from  Governor  Den- 
nison to  raise  a regiment  of  infantry.  In  about  six  weeks 
the  regiment  was  full,  and  was  organized  as  the  57lh  Ohio, 
of  which  he  was  placed  in  command  as  Colonel.  This 
regiment  was  assigned  to  duty  under  General  W.  T.  Sher- 
man in  the  West,  and  participated  in  all  the  important  bat- 
tles of  the  Southwest,  including  .Shiloh  (or  Pittsburgh 
Landing),  Corinth,  Chickasaw,  Vicksburg,  Raymond, 
Champion  Hills,  and  Arkansas  Post.  At  the  latter- 
place,  Colonel  Munger  led  the  4th  Brigade,  ist  Division, 
15th  Army  Corps,  in  the  charge  against  the  enemy’s  works. 
His  health  becoming  impaired,  he  was  compelled  to  resign 
from  the  service  at  Vicksburg,  but  his  regiment  went  through 
with- .Sherman  in  his  famous  “ march  to  the  sea.”  After  re- 
cruiting his  health  for  a year,  he  resumed  the  pi-actice  of 
law  in  Findley.  In  1866  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  Congress,  and  was  elected  by  a majority  of  2778  votes. 
He  served  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  on  the 
Special  Committee  on  the  Niagara  .Ship  Canal,  and  on  the 
Treatment  of  Union  Prisoners.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress  by  a majority  of  4846,  and  was  placed 
on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affair's  and  on  Printing.  He 
continues  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  F'indley,  where  he 
resides;  and  is  a frequent  contributor  to  the  press,  occa- 
sionally of  poetical  ar  ticles.  He  was  married,  March  loth, 
1844,  to  Marietta  Bowman,  of  Huntingdon  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  had  eight  chrldren,  of  whom  six  arc  now 
living — Theodore,  his  eldest  son,  is  a lawyer  in  Washingtoit 
city;  Ellen,  wife  of  O.  S.  Langarn,  of  Bluffton,  Ohio;  Mai'- 
garet,  wife  of  E.  J.  Totten,  of  Findley,  Ohio;  Clara,  wife 
of  J.  DeWolf,  publisher  of  the  Review,  Fostoria;  arrd  two 
younger  daughters,  Jennie  and  Effie,  who  are  still  living  at 
home. 


UCHWALTFIR,  M.  L.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on  Sep- 
tember 8th,  1846,  at  Hallsville,  Ross  courrty, 
Ohio.  His  father  was  a Penrtsylvania  German, 
while  his  mother  came  of  Germatr,  Flnglish  arrd 
Welsh  descent.  F'arming  was  followed  by  his 
father,  who  enjoyed  good  cir-cirnrstances.  Both 
his  parents  early  manifested  an  interest  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  early  years 


6o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


as  a farmer’s  boy.  In  his  eighteenth  year  he  entered  college 
at  Delaware,  Ohio,  which  he  afterwards  left  for  Cornell 
University,  Ithaca,  New  York.  From  the  latter  institution 
he  graduated  as  Master  of  Arts  in  the  spring  of  1869.  lie 
studied  law  in  Cincinnati  with  Judge  Bellamy  Storer,  and 
graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1870.  There- 
upon he  immediately  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Cincinnati,  and  has  continued  it  successfully  up  to  the 
j resent  under  the  firm-name  of  Buchwalter  ci  Campbell. 
He  has  never  been  a candidate  for  any  oflicial  position.  At 
jiresent  he  is  a member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Cincinnati  University,  serving  on  the  committees  of  law  and 
finance.  He  was  married.  May  14th,  1873,  to  Louise, 
daughter  of  John  Zimmerman,  of  Wooster,  Ohio. 


3) 

- - VoATES,  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  Collector  of 

Internal  Revenue  for  the  Eleventh  District  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  June 
23d,  1827,  of  Quaker  parents,  his  father,  Aquila 
Coates,  being  a native  of  Chester  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  descended  from  a family  that 
settled  in  that  .State  with  William  Penn.  His  mother,  Ra- 
chel Pidgeon  Coates,  was  a native  of  Lynchburg,  Virginia. 
He  received  his  early  education  in  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  began  the  study 
of  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Aquilla  Jones,  in  Wilming- 
ton, Ohio,  and  subsequently  graduated  in  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia.  He  first  located  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Mowrystown,  Highland  county,  Ohio,  in 
1850,  where  he  remained  until  1853,  when  he  removed  to 
West  Union,  the  county-seat  of  Adams  county,  Ohio.  Here 
he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  industriously  and 
successfully  for  nine  years,  being  part  of  the  time  in  part- 
nership with  Dr.  D.rvid  Coleman,  a prominent  physician  of 
that  place.  In  1857  he  married  Elizabeth  J.  Patterson, 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  John  Patterson,  of  Adams  county, 
Ohio.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Senate,  from  the 
district  composed  of  Adams,  .Scioto,  Jackson  and  Pike 
counties,  which  office  he  held  one  term.  In  1S62,  at  the 
solicitation  of  Governor  Tod,  he  assisted  in  recruiting  and 
organizing  the  91st  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infanti-y  for 
the  Union  army,  and  being  commissioned  its  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  accompanied  the  regiment  to  the  field,  and  serrmd 
with  it  to  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  with  his  regiment  June  30th,  1865.  In  the  battle 
of  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  on  June  17th,  1864,  Colonel  John 
A.  Turley  being  wounded,  he  took  command  of  the  regi- 
ment. 0.1  December  9th,  1864,  he  was  commissioned 
Colonel,  and  on  the  13th  of  March,  1865,  was  brevetted  a 
Brigadier-General.  In  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Virginia, 
September  19th,  1864,  betook  command  of  the  2d  Brigade 
of  General  R.  B.  Hayes’  Division,  Army  of  West  Virginia, 
commanded  by  General  George  Crook,  and  continued  in 


command  of  this  brigade  under  General  Sheridan  during  his 
campaign  in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  participating  in  all  the 
brilliant  and  hard-fought  battles  of  that  ever  memorable  and 
victorious  campaign,  ending  with  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek, 
Virginia.  On  being  mustered  out  of  the  service.  General 
Coates  located  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio,-and  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  drug  business,  in  which  he  continued  until  ap- 
pointed United  States  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Eleventh  Collection  District  of  Ohio,  October  ist,  1866, 
which  position  he  still  continues  to  hold,  now  being  in 
charge  of  the  consolidated  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Districts, 
by  appointment  of  President  Grant.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  projectors  and  organizers  of  the  Ohio  State  Soldiers’ 
and  .Sailors’  Orphans’  Home,  at  Xenia,  Ohio,  and  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Hayes  one  of  its  first  Board  of  Trus- 
tees. He  is  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  Kinney  National 
Bank  of  Portsmouth,  and  a Director  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Portsmouth  Street  Railroad  Company.  He  is  a hospitable, 
courteous  and  universally  respected  gentleman,  and  an 
honest,  efficient  and  faithful  public  officer. 


ORSE,  DAVID  APPLETON,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
Surgeon,  and  Professor  of  Nervous  Disorders  and 
Insanity  in  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  was  born,  December  I2lh,  1840,  at  Ells- 
worth, Ohio,  of  New  England  parentage.  He 
received  a classical  education,  and  while  a student 
his  tastes  were  manifest  in  a preference  for  languages,  meta- 
physics, and  kindred  studies,  which  doubtless,  to  a great  ex- 
tent, has  determined  his  subsequent  course  in  life  and  been 
the  foundation  of  his  success  in  teaching  those  branches,  in 
which  he  is  recognized  as  high  authority.  Possessed  of  a 
good  memory,  with  keen  perceptions  and  well-developed 
intuitive  faculties,  he  has  been  saved  much  labor  that  with 
many  others  render  great  exertion  necessary  to  acquire 
knowledge.  When  but  seven  years  old  he  recited  each 
Sunday,  for  five  months,  at  Sunday-school,  one  hundred 
verses  from  the  New  Testament,  and  received  a prize  com- 
peted for  by  many  much  older  in  years.  At  this  time  he 
was  a pupil  of  the  academy  at  Ellsworth,  then  taught  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Norton.  He  was  placed  in  a class  of  the  oldest 
and  most  advanced  pupils,  some  of^whom,  during  the  follow- 
ing year,  began  the  study  of  law  or  medicine,  while  others 
entered  the  ministry.  He  wms  selected  to  give  the  opening 
address  at  the  exhibition  at  the  close  of  the  term,  which  posi- 
tion, from  his  size  and  age,  made  him  conspicuous.  Prom 
this  time  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old  he  was  occupied  in 
study,  with  the  exception  of  a portion  of  the  years  1853-54, 
when  he  assisted  in  a dry-goods  store,  in  which  his  father 
was  a member  of  the  firm.  When  he  had  attained  the  age 
of  fourteen,  his  father  died.  During  the  subsequent  fourpr 
five  years,  in  connection  with  a younger  brother,  he  had  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHailA. 


C07 


supervision  of  the  farm  on  which  they  were  born.  Ilis 
younger  brother  having  a taste  for  such  pursuits,  to  a great 
e.^tent  took  the  lead,  while  he  longed  for  the  time  when  he 
should  be  able  to  enter  the  profession  he  had  chosen.  In 
.September,  1857,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  G.  \V.  Brooke,  a c.areful,  able  and  successful  practi- 
tioner. To  him  Dr.  Morse  has  always  attributed  much  of 
his  professional  success,  to  the  habits  and  advice  his  precep- 
tor inculcated,  and  only  regrets  he  did  not  adopt  all  the 
former’s  counsels.  He  subsequently  attended  the  lectures 
■ delivered  in  the  Western  Reserve  Medical  College,  at 
Cleveland,  and  after  passing  a most  excellent  examination 
before  the  faculty,  graduated  from  that  institution  in  the 
class  of  1862.  Pie  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Edinburgh,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  one  year.  In 
March,  1863,  he  entered  the  army  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of 
the  124th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  with  that 
command  in  the  campaign  under  General  Rosecrans.  In 
September  of  the  s.ame  year  he  was  sent  to  Madison,  United 
States  Army  General  Hospital,  where  he  remained  until 
May,  1864,  when  he  w.as  commissioned  Surgeon  of  the 
l62d  Ohio  Regiment,  then  doing  guard  duty  over  prisoners 
of  war  at  Camp  Chase.  He  was,  however,  by  order  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  immediately  detached  and  sent  to' 
Georgia,  with  orders  to  report  to  General  Sherman  in 
person  for  assignment  to  duty.  He  served  through  this 
campaign  with  the  operating  staff  and  in  field  hospitals. 
During  the  following  winter  he  served  three  months  at 
Camp  Chase,  and  in  Januaiy,  1865,  was  sent  to  Louisville, 
Kentucky.  While  on  duty  at  Camp  Chase  he  presented 
himself  before  the  United  States  Army  Medical  Examining 
Board,  then  in  session  at  Cincinnati,  and  after  an  examina- 
tion of  several  days’ duration,  passed  successfully;  and  in 
March,  1865,  received  a commission  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment, with  orders  to  report  for  duty  on  the  frontier,  where 
he  remained  some  months,  but  becoming  tired  of  the  monoto- 
nous life,  resigned  the  service.  During  this  same  year 
leave  of  absence  had  been  granted  him  by  Major-General 
Reynolds,  on  order  from  the  War  Department,  for  faithful 
services  rendered  in  all  branches  of  his  line  of  duty.  In 
October,  1865,  he  resumed  his  private  practice,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  occupied  as  a close  student  in  fully  pre- 
paring himself  in  those  special  branches  of  medicine  more 
especially  pertaining  to  his  chair  in  the  colleges  wherein  he 

h.as  lectured.  He  also  has  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to  a 

% 

full  course  of  legal  studies,  for  which  he  received  certificates 
that  he  had  been  so  engaged;  and  he  is  thoroughly  versed 
in  medical  jurisprudence.  While  preferring  nervous  dis- 
orders, insanity,  and  pathology,  as  special  studies,  he  is 
well  known  to  be  thoroughly  informed  as  to  all  that  per- 
tains to  his  profession,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  numerous  pub- 
lished essays,  lectures,  and  society  addresses,  upon  a great 
variety  of  topics.  He  has  been  an  extensive  contributor  to 
journals,  magazines  and  newspapers,  and  upon  subjects  out- 
side of  his  [irofession.  Many  of  lhc.se  articles  have  been  re- 


printed in  foreign  journals,  and  some  have  found  a more 
permanent  resting-place  in  abstracts  and  compendiums, 
where  the  more  valuable  articles  are  gathered.  Arrange- 
ments have  been  made  with  him  to  edit  a department  of  the 
Cincinnati  Lancet  and  Observer,  devoted  to  nervous  dis- 
orders, insanity  and  medical  jurisprudence,  which  duty  he 
assumes  with  the  May  number,  1876.  He  has  in  prepara- 
tion a volume  upon  insanity,  and  also  a work  on  medical 
jurisprudence.  Aside  from  his  regular  Professorship  in 
Starling  Medical  College,  he  will  lecture  upon  the  same 
subjects  elsewhere.  For  one  yet  young  in  years,  he  has  al- 
ready had  advantages  and  a variety  of  experience  not  often 
given  to  the  life  of  one  man.  Within  the  past  few  months 
he  has  been  consulted  by  eminent  counsel  in  important  cases 
involving  questions  of  insanity  and  medical  jurisprudence  in 
several  States.  Among  these  may  be  cited  the  celebrated 
case  of  the  “ boy  murderer,”  Jesse  Pomeroy,  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  wherein  the  evidence  was  submitted  to  him, 
and  he  was  requested  to  write  up  the  case  from  a medico- 
legal standpoint.  His  opinion  is,  that  the  boy  is  irresponsi- 
ble, and  is  liable  at  any  time  to  perpetrate  a similar  offence. 
He  was  also  called  upon  by  the  State,  as  an  expert,  to  ex- 
amine the  “ Blackburn  case,”  where  insanity  was  the  turning 
point.  The  fact  that  these  and  other  cases  of  a similar  na- 
ture‘have  been  submitted  to  him  at  a period  of  life  when  the 
majority  of  men  feel  that  they  have  but  just  entered  upon 
their  profession,  is  an  earnest  that  the  future  should  unfold 
for  him  an  enviable  reputation.  He  is  a Republican  in 
political  creed,  having  polled  his  first  vote  in  favor  of  its 
principles  and  nominees,  and  has  so  continued  ever  since. 
He  connected  himself,  when  twelve  years  old,  with  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at  Ellsworth,  and  continued  a 
member  of  that  denomination  until  the  winter  of  i860, 
when  he  united  with  the  Seventh  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Cincinnati,  and  has  remained  a Presbyterian  to  the  present. 
He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Maria  C., 
daughter  of  Rev.  E.  Cooper,  D.  I).,  to  whom  he  was  united, 
June  17th,  1862.  .She  died,  July  loth,  1867,  leaving  one 
son,  Edward  A.  Morse,  now  in  his  twelfth  year.  He  was 
married,  June  ist,  1868,  to  Amanda  M.  Withrow. 


ITCHELL,  GEORGE,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was 
born,  July  19th,  1838,  in  Olivesburg,  Richland 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  Dr.  George  1'.  and 
Nancy  (Devatt)  Mitchell.  His  father  was  a na- 
tive of  Pennsylvania,  but  had  practised  for  forty 
years  in  Richland  county  with  great  success. 
Dr.  George  Mitchell,  the  younger,  received  his  elementary 
education  in  the  neighboring  schools,  and  in  due  course  of 
time  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  at  Delaware, 
Ohio,  and  pursued  the  full  course  of  four  years’  study, 
graduating  from  that  institution  in  1858,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  In  i860  he  matriculated  at  the  Western  Reserve 


6o8 


BIOGRAl’IIICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


Medical  College,  where  he  attended  one  course  of  lectures, 
and  during  the  following  winter  entered  the  Ohio  Medical 
College  at  Cincinnati,  whence  he  graduated  as  Doctor  of 
Medicine  in  the  spring  of  1862.  Immediately  after  receiving 
his  degree  he  entered  the  United  States  service  as  Assistant 
Surgeon  of  the  load  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  lie  con- 
tinued in  active  service  in  different  campaigns  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  being  twice  promoted  for  valuable  services  ren- 
dered. In  1865  he  retired  from  the  army  and  located  him- 
self at  Mansfield,  where  he  has  since  resided  engaged  in  an 
e.xtensive  practice.  Having  had  much  surgical  experience 
during  his  service  in  the  army,  he  enjoys  the  reputation  of 
being  a skilful  surgeon.  He  is  one  of  the  Censors  of  the 
medical  department  of  the  Wooster  University,  and  also  a 
Trustee  of  his  Alvia  Mater.  In  the  winter  of  1876  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Hayes  one  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  Central  Ohio  Insane  Asylum.  He  is  a member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  and  also  of  the  Ohio 
State  Medical  Society.  He  has  at  various  times  contributed 
to  the  literature  of  the  profession.  He  was  married,  Sep- 
tember, 1867,10  Mary,  daughter  of  Colonel  Barnabas  Burns, 
an  old  and  prominent  legal  practitioner  of  Mansfield. 


; ESSLER,  WILLIAM,  Farmer,  Miller,  and  Hotel 
Proprietor,  was  born  in  1801,  near  the  city  of 
Easton,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a son  of  George  Peter  Kessler,  a native  of 
Saxony,  who  with  his  parents  emigrated  to  America 
in  1764,  and  settled  in  Northampton  county,  where 
they  became  possessed  of  extensive  tracts  of  land  prior  to 
the  revolutionary  war.  During  the  latter  struggle,  his 
father  was  a participant  on  the  side  of  his  adopted  countiy, 
and  after  the  independence  of  the  States  was  acknowledged, 
he  owned  flouring  mills,  and  carried  on  farming  near 
Easton,  where  he  reared  a large  family.  William  remained 
at  home  until  he  had  attained  his  majority,  and  then  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits  in  his  native  county  tintil  1836.  The 
follow’ing  year  he  disposed  of  his  property  and  removed  to 
Wooster,  Ohio,  where  he  embarked  in  the  hotel  business, 
which  he  carried  on  for  a few  years.  In  1S40  he  engaged 
in  distilling;  and  shortly  after  in  the  purchase  and  packing 
of  pork  for  the  Baltimore  market,  in  which  he  invested  a 
large  amount  of  money,  which  w'as  entirely  lost  in  1842, 
owing  to  the  failure  of  his  factor  in  that  city.  He  then  left 
for  Defiance  county,  where  he  purchased  an  improved  farm 
six  miles  from  the  town  of  Defiance,  and  remained  there 
for  three  years,  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Having 
decided  to  remove  to  Fremont,  he  disposed  of  the  farm  in 
1845,  it'*  his  new  residence  again  became  engaged  in 
keeping  a hotel,  leasing  at  first  the  property  which  he  after- 
wards purchased  (1858),  and  in  which  he  continued  until 
his  death.  During  his  residence  in  Fremont,  he  accumu- 
lated a fine  property,  including  two  farms  in  the  immediate 


neighborhood  of  the  town.  He  had  ever  been  a Jackson 
Democrat,  until  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter,  when  he  became 
a firm  supporter  of  the  administration,  and  was  ever  after  a 
staunch  Republican.  He  was  married  in  1826  to  Louisa, 
daughter  of  John  Snyder,  an  old  resident,  and  extensive 
land  owner  in  Monroe  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  the 
father  of  seven  cliildren,  of  whom  but  three  are  now  living. 
One  son,  Peter  Kessler,  was  for  five  years  a postal  clerk  on 
the  line  between  P'remont  and  Buffalo,  and  served  for  some 
time  in  the  army  during  the  civil  war;  one  daughter,  Louisa, 
is  the  wife  of  E.  B.  Baldwin;  and  another  daughter,  Myra, 
remains  with  her  mother.  Tlie  eldest  son.  Major  John  J. 
Kessler,  of  the  49th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
came  home  sick,  and  died  in  August,  1865,  having  served 
through  the  entire  war.  Mrs.  Kessler  remains  the  proprie- 
tress of  the  Kessler  House  in  Fremont,  which  is  widely 
known  .as  one  of  the  pioneer  houses  of  Ohio,  and  its  founder 
will  long  be  remembered  as  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
popular  of  hotel-keepers.  For  some  years  previous  to  his 
death  he  had  been  in  declining  health,  and  was  much  in- 
jured by  an  accident  while  driving.  He  died,  August  13th, 
1866.  The  family  have  in  their  possession  the  original 
passports  given,  February  15th,  1764,  to  Peter  Kessler,  in 
•Saxony,  w’hen  he  was  about  emigrating  to  America;  he  was 
the  grandfather  of  William  Kessler. 


ANDEMAN,  JOHN  L.,  Merchant,  was  born,  Sep- 
tember 30th,  1810,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio,  and  is 
the  eldest  son  of  Matthias  and  Margaret  (Legore) 
Vandeman.  His  father  was  a native  of  Fayette 
county,  Pennsylvania,  a farmer  by  occupation, 
who  removed  to  Ohio  in  1801,  locating  at  first  on 
Deer  creek,  in  Ro.ss  county,  where  he  lived  a few  years,  and 
subsequently  moved  to  a site  on  the  little  north  fork  of  Paint 
creek,  and  resided  there  until  1816,  when  he  finally  settled 
in  Fayette  county,  w'hich  became  his  permanent  home.  He 
was  an  active  participant  in  the  war  of  1812,  his  father,  John 
Vandeman,  having  been  a revolutionary  soldier,  and  was 
of  German  lineage;  he  died  at  a very  advanced  age  on  his 
farm  at  Washington,  Fayette  county,  in  October,  1870.  He 
had  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  I.egore,  of  Mary- 
land, for  seven  years  a soldier  in  the  revolutionary  W'ar. 
He  was  of  both  French  and  German  ancestry.  He  removed 
to  Ohio  in  1808,  and  located  at  first  in  Ross  county,  but 
finally  settled,  1813,  in  Fayette  county.  John  L.  Vandeman, 
while  a boy,  attended  the  common  school  during  the  wdnter 
months,  and  labored  on  a farm  the  balance  of  the  year,  until 
he  was  eighteen  years  old,  at  which  time  his  father  moved 
to  Washington,  in  1S28,  he  being  a carpenter  by  trade.  In 
1S30  he  entered  the  Ohio  University  at  Athens,  where  he 
pursued  a course  of  literary  study  for  about  two  years,  and 
subsequently  taught  school  in  Highland  and  Fayette  counties 
for  a like  period  of  two  years.  In  1834  he  effected  an  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


609 


gagement  as  a clerk,  in  a general  country  store  in  Wash- 
ington, where  he  remained  about  four  years.  In  183S  he 
went  into  business  on  his  own  account  in  the  same  town, 
and  has  ever  since  resided  there,  carrying  on  at  first  a very 
small  business,  but  which  soon  grew  to  be  a very  large  and 
profitable  trade.  He  has  also  for  some  years  associated 
agricultural  pursuits  with  the  management  of  his  extensive 
mercantile  establishment,  owning  a highly  productive  farm 
in  Union  township,  adjacent  to  Washington.  He  has  never 
sought  nor  held  any  public  office  of  a political  nature.  He 
is  a Republican  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  vote  in  favor 
of  Andrew  Jackson  for  President  in  1832,  but  owi..g  to 
Jackson’s  policy,  he  abandoned  him  in  1834.  He  has  been 
an  active  and  zealous  supporter  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  which  he  is  a member  for  the  past  forty  years.  Person- 
ally, he  is  pleasant,  courteous  and  affable,  and  enjoys  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all  his  fellow-townsmen.  He  has 
labored  long  and  faithfully  towards  the  improvement  of  the 
town,  which  his  extensive  business  block  and  where  he 
resides  will  show,  and  has  probably  contributed  as  much 
time  and  influence  in  this  respect  as  any  other  person.  He 
is  also  considerably  interested,  as  a stockholder,  in  several 
flourishing  railroad  companies.  He  was  married  in  March, 
1839,  to  Rebecca  P.  Wilson,  a nativ'e  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
is  the  father  of  four  children,  three  of  whom  are  in  active 
life  in  the  same  town.  The  eldest  died  when  young. 


ILSON,  JOHN  G.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born,  March  19th,  1811,  in  Ross  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  fifth  of  eleven  children,  whose 
parents  were  John  and  Lucy  (Taylor)  Wilson. 
His  father  was  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  born 
February  i8th,  1779,  and  died  September  29th, 
1856;  he  was  a farmer  by  occupation,  who  removed  to  Ohio 
at  an  early  date,  settling  originally  in  Pickaway  county,  and 
thence  went  to  Highland  county,  where  he  sojourned  for 
some  time,  and  finally  located  in  Ross  county,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death.  He  was  an  active  participant  in 
the  war  of  1812.  His  widow  died  in  1S68;  she  was  also  a 
ii,ative  of  Pennsylvania,  born  on  May  12th,  1782,  a daughter 
of  William  Taylor,  an  early  pioneer  of  Ross  county.  Dr. 
Wilson  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  district 
school,  which  he  attended  during  the  winter  months,  being 
occupied  the  balance  of  the  year  in  working  upon  the  farm. 
He  so  continued  until  he  attained  his  majority,  when  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  James  Robbins,  at  Greenfield,  in  Highland  county.  He 
continued  with  his  preceptor  for  three  years,  and  in  the 
autumn  of  1835  went  to  Dayton,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  for  about  a year  with  Dr.  Henry 
Varretuye.  In  1836  he  removed  to  Lockport,  Carroll 
county,  Indiana,  where  he  remained  until  July,  1841,  when 
he  returned  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Washington,  Fayette 
77 


county,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since,  engaged  in  the 
control  of  an  extensive  and  lucrative  medical  practice.  He 
has  been  Infirmaiy  Physician  of  the  county  for  twenty  years, 
and  for  some  three  years  United  States  Examining  Surgeon. 
His  political  views  are  those  of  the  Republican  party,  hav- 
ing previously  been  a Whig,  casting  his  first  Presidential 
vote  against  Jackson,  and  his  second  in  favor  of  the  Har- 
rison electoral  ticket.  He  has  never  sought  nor  held  any 
public  office  of  a political  responsibility,  and  has  always  de- 
voted his  whole  attention  to  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery.  In  religious  faith  he  is  a Presbyterian.  Socially, 
he  is  a pleasant  companion,  and  courteous  in  manner,  and 
is  highly  respected  liy  his  fellow-townsmen.  He  was  mar- 
ried, 1839,  to  Lucinda  Mackerly,  a native  of  New  Jersey. 
She  died  in  1875,  and  was  the  mother  of  two  children. 


tIMPSON,  REV.  THOMAS  R.,  M.  D.,  Clergy- 
man, Physician,  and  Poet,  was  born,  December 
1 2th,  1818,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
^ vania,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  James  and 
Jane  (Robertson)  Simpson,  late  of  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a native 
of  Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  who  followed  through  life  me- 
chanical pursuits,  and  emigrated  to  America  at  an  early 
date,  settling  in  Philadelphia,  and  where  he  married  Jane 
Robertson,  a native  of  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania.  He 
afterwards  removed  to  Lancaster  county,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death.  Thomas  received  a very  liberal  education 
at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania.  When  twenty-two 
years  of  age,  he  commenced  the  study  of  divinity,  at  the 
Theological  School  in  Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  con- 
tinued the  same  for  four  years.  He  settled  at  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  had  been  chosen  pastor  of  the  Asso- 
ciate Presbyterian  Church  in  that  borough,  and  where  he 
resided  for  eight  years.  During  this  period  he  had  been 
engaged  more  or  less  in  reading  medicine,  and  became  so 
much  interested  that  he  resolved  to  study  it  as  a profession. 
He  accordingly  resigned  his  parish,  and  proceeded  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  attended  the  lectures  delivered  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  subsequently  in  the  Philadel- 
phia College  of  Medicine.  At  this  period  the  latter  school 
was  merged  into  the  Pennsylvania  College,  from  which  last- 
named  institution  he  graduated  with  honor.  He  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  located  in  Jefferson  county,  where  he  practised 
his  profession  with  success  until  1871,  when  he  changed 
his  residence  to  Steubenville,  where  he  has  permanently 
settled,  and  continues  his  professional  duties,  having  an  ex- 
tensive and  profitable  line  of  patronage.  While  a resident 
of  the  interior  of  the  county,  he  was  also  settled  as  pastor 
for  a greater  part  of  the  time  over  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Yellow  Creek,  and  since  he  lias  made  Steuben- 
ville his  residence,  he  has  devoted  more  or  less  of  his  time 
to  ministerial  duties.  He  early  developed  marked  ability 


6io 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^’CYCLOP/EDIA. 


as  a writer  of  poetry,  and  has  given  much  attention  to 
poetic  compositions,  that  have  attracted  the  attention  of  all 
true  lovers  of  the  poetic  muse.  He  is  a Republican  in 
political  feelings,  but  has  never  sought  nor  held  any  public 
office.  He  was  married  in  1S40  to  Martha,  daughter  of 
the  late  William  Anderson,  of  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  is  the  father  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom 
are  living. 

RROWSMITII,  MILLER,  Surveyor  and  P'armer, 
was  born,  March  14th,  1808,  in  Champaign  county, 
Ohio.  In  June,  1833,  he  first  visited  the  Maumee 
valley,  and  purchased  lands  near  Defiance,  to 
which  he  removed  and  settled  in'  the  following 
month  of  October.  At  that  time  Judge  John 
Perkins  was  County  Surveyor,  but  from  age,  and  being  en- 
gaged in  other  pursuits,  he  did  not  wish  to  perform  the  work 
of  the  office,  and  appointed  Mr.  Arrowsmith,  Deputy  County 
.Surveyor,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  discharged  with 
accuracy  and  fidelity  for  fifteen  years;  he  is  to-day  one  of 
the  oldest  surveyors  in  northwestern  Ohio.  In  the  session 
of  the  Legislature  which  met  in  the  winter  of  1845-46,  he 
was  elected  a member  of  the  State  Board  of  Eriualization, 
and  he  proved  one  of  the  most  efficient  members  of  that 
body.  From  1848  to  1852  he  was  Auditor  of  Defiance 
county,  and  Postmaster  at  Arrowsmith’s  for  about  fifteen 
years.  Excepting  minor  offices,  the  above  fill  the  measure 
of  his  public  life.  He  might  have  continued  in  office,  and 
filled  a larger  space  in  the  public  eye,  but  his  tastes  and 
inclinations  led  him  to  engage  in  agriculture,  in  1852,  and 
in  this  favorite  pursuit,  on  his  well-cultivated  acres  in 
Farmer  township,  among  his  books  and  friends,  he  is  passing 
the  evening  of  his  days.  He  is  now,  though  nearing  the 
mark  of  threescore  years  and  ten,  in  full  possession  of  phys- 
ical and  mental  vigor.  The  pioneers  of  the  valley  are  ever 
specially  welcomed  under  his  hospitable  roof. 


ff^'ORRY,  WILLIAM  M.,  Lawyer  and  Editor,  was 
born  in  Cincinnati,  January  i6th,  i8n,  and  is  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  the 
State.  His  father,  William  Corry,  figured  promi- 
nently as  a lawyer,  in  the  local  administration  of 
Cincinnati,  more  than  half  a century  ago.  Mr. 
Corry  has  never  held  but  one  public  position.  In  1855  he 
was  elected  a member  of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives 
from  Hamilton  county.  He  has  a reputation  for  a talent 
which  he  does  not  owe  to  family  distinction  nor  public  posi- 
tion. From  partisan  associations  and  entanglements  he  has 
been  singularly  free.  Although  warmly  attached  to  Demo- 
cratic principles,  he  has  never  been  in  the  party  organization 
a political  slave  of  those  who  would  professedly  carry  them 
out.  In  the  elements  which  make  up  his  mental  composi- 


tion, Mr.  Corry  rises  far  superior  to  the  partisan.  With 
him  government  is  a science  and  politics  a philosophy  which 
should  be  studied  by  the  lights  of  logic,  history,  experience 
and  intrinsic  justice.  For  the  spoils  of  office  or  any  other 
incidentals  connected  with  party  organization,  he  has  always 
had  supreme  contempt.  Perhaps  one  of  his  most  noticeable 
characteristics  is  his  willingness  to  take  an  unpopular  side, 
if  it  accords  with  his  individual  opinions.  With  the  un- 
thinking many  he  is  not  popular.  With  men  of  intelligence, 
whether  agreeing  with  him  or  not,  he  is  most  highly  es- 
teemed and  appreciated,  as  well  as  ranked  among  the  ablest 
sons  of  the  State.  Few  men  are  his  equals  in  a knowledge 
of  the  science  of  government,  and  particularly  of  those  prin- 
ciples which  lie  at  the  foundation  of  the  American  constitu- 
tional organism.  In  his  general  ideas  as  to  the  relations  of 
the  States  to  the  Federal  governmeni,  he  is  a disciple  of 
John  C.  Calhoun,  and  in  his  ability  to  sustain  those  views 
he  is  not  much  inferior  to  the  illustrious  South  Carolinian. 
He  is  doubtlessly  the  most  able  exponent  of  what  is  known 
as  the  State  Rights  school  of  the  construction  of  the  Consti- 
tution now  living.  With  great  political  knowledge,  and 
with  supreme  disregard  for  political  honor  or  advantage,  he 
possesses  the  rare  quality  of  physical  and  moral  courage. 
He  never  surrenders  a conviction.  To  him  proscription  or 
the  stake  would  be  preferable.  He  did  not  approve  of  the 
late  war.  It  was  violently  opposed  to  all  his  political  prin- 
ciples, and  antagonistic  to  all  his  individual  instincts.  He 
did  not  hesitate  so  to  write,  print,  and  speak,  despite  the 
danger  of  military  commissions,  and  Forts  Lafayette  and 
Warren.  But  politics  is  only  one  element  in  his  character. 
He  is  a fine  historian  ; is  well-read  in  every  department  of 
literature  and  science ; and  in  all  that  relates  to  modem  im- 
provement, he  marches  abreast  of  his  age.  He  is  one  of 
the  best  conversationalists  in  the  State,  and  being  a hard 
student,  has  read  almost  everything  that  makes  up  what  is 
known  as  a modern  library.  Those  who  know  and  appre- 
ciate him  most  highly,  keenly  regret  that  what  is  called  his 
political  impracticability — which  simply  means  his  devotion  to 
principle,  and  his  personal  honesty — should  have  prevented 
his  advancement  to  the  high  positions  in  State  and  general 
government,  which  he  was  so  well  qualified  to  adorn.  He 
is  one  of  the  ablest  of  Western  editors.  There  is  hardly  a 
newspaper  in  Cincinnati  that  has  not  received  many  brilliant 
articles  from  his  pen,  some  of  them  published  as  editorials, 
and  others  over  his  well  known  initials.  He  was  the 
founder,  and  for  several  years  editor,  of  a weekly  political 
paper  entitled  the  Cincinnati  Commoner.  In  it  there  were 
many  articles  worthy  of  our  best  monthlies,  and  worthy  of 
being  published  in  book  form.  The  Commoner,  discontinued 
in  1872,  was  called  originally  West  and  Sontii,  and  as  it 
was  first  issued  at  the  close  of  the  war,  its  special  object  was 
to  patronize  those  sections  of  the  Union  on  both  doctrine 
and  measures.  It  called  on  Ohio,  Kentucky  and  Indiana, 
three  great  contact  States,  to  set  the  whole  Mississippi  valley 
the  example  of  solidarity  upon  what  it  called  the  “ interior 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


policy,”  viz.,  the  State  Rights  construction  of  the  Federal 
system  created  by  the  States,  and  always  amenable  to  them, 
but  by  no  means  leaving  ccmstitutional  questions  to  Congress 
and  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  last  resort,  nor  agreeing  that 
the  terms  of  the  copartnership  of  Union  made  it  perpetual. 
With  this  plain  doctrine  the  Co/nmoner  advocated  as  meas- 
ures of  interior  policy  the  true  science  and  justice  of  hard 
money,  free  trade,  light  ta.xes,  and  small  appropriations. 
Generally  the  paper  invited  all  sensible  men  to  use  it  as  a 
medium  for  the  expression  and  exchange  of  opinions  on 
every  important  and  interesting  subject,  and  set  an  example 
of  perfect  frankness  and  independence.  While  it  is  true 
that  his  tastes  lie  largely  in  the  field  of  political  speculation, 
Mr.  Corry  has  displayed  fine  literary  and  scholastic  attain- 
ments. lie  was  educated  as  a lawyer,  and  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Columbus  in  the  spring  of  1832,  but  quit  the  practice 
in  1848,  on  going  to  Europe.  His  fine  analytical  and 
logical  mind  would  have  given  him  a distinguished  position 
at  the  bar,  had  he  chosen  to  continue  a practitioner.  His 
sympathies  have  ever  been  with  what  is  known  as  radical 
progress  in  all  departments  of  effort.  The  struggle  in 
Europe  betwqen  the  masses  and  the  privileged  classes  has 
always  aroused  his  deepest  interest.  The  excesses  of  the 
lowly  and  oppressed  in  the  days  of  their  victories  have  not 
blinded  him  to  the  justice  of  their  complaints.  He  left 
home  for  France  on  the  news  of  the  last  revolution  of  1848, 
and  remained  nearly  three  years  in  Paris,  an  eye-witness  of 
the  attempts  to  establish  and  to  overthrow  the  republic. 
His  friends  there  were  all  advanced  republicans,  and  he 
gave  that  cause  his  cordial  and  unfaltering  support,  at  con- 
siderable risk.  He  learned  the  language,  and  never  has 
ceased  to  praise  the  French  people,  whom  he  considers  the 
foremost  nation  of  Europe,  and  the  advance  guard  of  the  old 
world  in  science,  art,  war,  society,  politics,  progress  and 
liberty.  One  of  his  peculiarities,  and  in  this  age  of 
utilitarian  philosophy,  when  sentiment  is  so  generally 
sacrificed  to  the  practical,  and  the  noble  is  so  largely 
overshadowed  by  the  sordid,  it  is  a peculiarity,  is  his 
devotion  to  his  personal  friends.  Misfortune  with  him 
does  not  obscure  merit.  Adversity  in  others  only  brings 
out  in  stronger  relief  the  pure  gold  that  lies  at  the  bottom 
of  his  own  composition.  Sometimes  abrupt  in  manner, 
occasionally  hasty  in  expression,  and  often  using,  perhaps 
stronger  and  more  forcible  language  than  the  occa- 
sion warrants,  he  has  a kind  heart,  and  an  appreciation  of 
all  that  is  noble  and  true  in  humanity,  and  infinite  scorn 
for  all  that  is  mean  and  base  in  any  private  or  public  man. 
The  historian  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  of  1856-57,  who  un- 
derstood his  subject  well,  graphically  describes  Mr.  Corry  as 
“ a man  of  mark,  both  physically  and  intellectually,  in  any 
public  body.  An  inch  or  two  over  six  feet  high,  and  quite 
thin  from  chronic  ill  health,  he  appears  very  tall,  and  with  a 
full  beard  and  dark  hair,  is  of  decidedly  foreign  aspect. 
There  is  added  to  this  a slight  tinge  of  French  manners, 
perhaps  contracted  during  a residence  in  Paris,  that  is  akin 


61 1 

to  his  mercurial  temperament,  and  radical  tendency  of  mind. 
In  politics  he  has  been  called  a red  Republican,  and  I do 
not  know  that  he  objects  to  a classification  with  Ledru 
Rollin,  and  those  French  revolutionists  who  preferred  inde- 
pendent exile  to  servile  eminence  under  the  shadow  of 
Napoleon  the  Little,  though,  by  the  way,  I cannot  appreciate 
the  ground  of  his  attachment  to  the  Democracy  of  this 
country,  particularly  as  I understand  him  to  be  a democrat  in 
the  correct  sense  of  the  term.  Alternately  he  appears  radi- 
cally in  advance  of  modern  progress,  and  behind  even  white- 
haired  conservatism,  often  startling  his  friends,  and  surpris- 
ing his  opponents.  Like  all  geniuses  he  is  brilliant,  erratic, 
and  eccentric,  combining  all  kinds  of  extremes,  with  a strong 
tendency,  in  spite  of  all,  to  the  practical.  In  debate  he 
reasons  with  great  earnestness  of  manner,  and  has  the 
faculty  of  investing  his  subject  with  importance  enough  to 
make  it  worthy  of  the  discussion,  whatever  it  may  be. 
Towards  opponents  he  is  apt  to  be  severe,  and  liable  to  fall 
into  the  barrister’s  trick  of  crushing  an  adversary  liy  a coup 
lie  main.  As  an  orator  he  possesses  rare  gifts,  is  eloquent, 
forcible  and  clear,  but  his  forte  after  all  is  his  earnestness 
of  manner,  which  commands  the  attention  of  his  audience 
in  spite  of  themselves.  He  is  not  apt  to  dabble  in  debates, 
but  will  often  spring  into  them  at  times  and  from  quarters 
not  expected,  and  takes  an  especial  delight  in  demolishing 
an  assuming  pretender.  His  feelings  are  with  the  people 
and  their  rights,  personal  and  moral,  when  in  competition 
with  wealth  and  capital,  preserving  and  defending  the  im- 
portant distinction  between  the  man  and  the  dollar,  a quality 
in  a legislator  which  will  be  more  and  more  appreciated  in 
the  advance  of  the  true  science  of  law  making,  as  laws  come 
to  be  a truthful  exhiljit  of  just  rules  applied  to  particular 
cases.  Personally,  Mr.  Corry  is  a man  whom  his  friends 
value.  Not  very  ready  to  make  acquaintances,  he  is  free 
from  hauteur  or  affectation,  and  meets  men  as  though  he 
had  seen  others  of  the  species  before,  regarding  properly 
their  individuality  and  their  rights.  Travel  has  educated 
him,  moreover,  into  the  truth  that  men  are  not  worth  a 
great  deal  more  for  being  born  in  any  particular  country. 
As  a legislator  he  looks  more  to  the  moral  than  the 
pecuniary  interests  of  the  State,  and  from  his  independent 
radicalism  is  not  likely  to  be  the  leader  of  a party  or  faction, 
since  the  trading  politician  will  not  often  venture  to  follow 
so  bold  an  example  as  he  is  apt  to  set.  Still,  his  talent  for 
speaking  and  his  general  accomplishments  will  make  him 
a prominent  man  in  any  deliberative  body,  and  his  party  is 
often  compelled  to  follow  him  at  a risk,  by  doing  w'hich  his 
present  jiarty  a.ssociates  would  certainly  gain  much  and  lose 
nothing.”  Taken  all  in  all,  as  a man  of  eccentric,  curious, 
and  admirable  traits,  he  stands  alone,  and  certainly  as  a 
man  of  genius  and  culture,  he  has  had  few  erjuals  among 
his  cotemporaries,  so  rendering  it  the  more  to  be  deplored 
that  no  fitting  opportunity  should  have  been  given  him  for 
using  such  uncommon  qualities  to  the  advantage  of  his 
fellow-men. 


6i2 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


ORRIS,  R.  D.,  Merchant,  was  Irorn,  June  4th,  1829, 
in  Turkstown,  county  of  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  and 
is  a son  of  James  and  Johanna  Norris.  His 
primary  education  was  obtained  in  the  village 
school,  where  he  remained  until  he  was  twelve 
-years  old,  when  he  entered  the  National  School 
at  Pilltown,  in  the  same  county,  w'here  he  completed  his 
education  during  the  three  years  of  his  sojourn  there.  After 
leaving  this  latter  institution  he  entered  as  an  apprentice  a 
diy-goods  and  woollen  establishment  in  Wexford,  where  he 
served  three  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  went 
to  Dublin,  where  he  was  engaged  by  the  welhknown  firm 
of  McBurney  & Collis,  dry-goods  and  w'oollen  merchants, 
in  the  capacity  of  buyer  for  the  woollen  department  of  the 
house.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  establishments  of  the 
kind  in  Dublin,  giving  employment  to  between  five  and  six 
hundred  clerks  and  salesmen.  He  i-emained  in  this  con- 
nection until  1851,  when  he  decided  to  emigrate  to  the 
United  States.  On  landing  in  the  city  of  New  York,  he 
obtained  a situation  in  the  dry-goods  house  of  Lord  & 
Taylor,  where  he  passed  a year,  and  then  removed  with  his 
family  to  Cincinnati,  he  having  been  married  prior  to  his 
departure  from  Europe.  After  his  arrival  in  Cincinnati,  he 
accepted  a position  in  the  dry-goods  house  of  George 
White,  one  of  the  most  extensive  establishments  at  that 
time  in  the  city.  During  the  period  he  was  connected  with 
that  house  he  became  Superintendent  of  the  cloak  and 
shawl  department,  and  also  buyer  for  the  woollen  depart- 
ment. He  relinquished  these  positions  in  1855,  and  com- 
menced on  his  own  account,  on  Fifth  street,  in  the  dry- 
goods,  cloak,  and  shawl  trade,  doing  a thriving  and  ^ 
satisfactory  business  for  about  eight  years,  when  he  disposed 
of  his  interests  in  the  concern,  and  then  opened  a whole- 
sale clothing  warehouse  on  Pearl  street,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Martin,  Norris  & Co.,  which  so  continued  for  two  [ 
years,  after  which  the  style  was  changed  to  R.  D.  Norris  & j 
Co.  In  1870  he  closed  up  his  business  on  Pearl  street  and  j 
returned  to  Fifth  street,  where  he  opened  a wholesale  and 
retail  clothing  house,  to  which  was  added  a customs  de- 
partment, and  also  the  importing  of  fine  woollen  goods 
from  England  and  France.  In  the  latter  department  he 
probably  does  a larger  business  than  is  transacted  by  any 
similar  establishment  in  the  West.  While  travelling  in 
Europe,  some  years  since,  he  visited  the  principal  woollen 
manufactories,  both  in  England  and  France,  and  opened 
accounts  with  such  of  them  as  seemed  best  suited  to  his 
trade;  since  which  lime  he  has  largely  imported  both 
h'rench  and  English  goods,  and  still  continues  to  do  so. 
The  experience  he  has  gained  in  the  large  woollen  houses 
of  Europe,  and  also  in  this  country,  led  him  to  the  con- 
clusion that  it  was  more  profitable  to  his  interests  to  deal  in 
the  manufactured  goods  than  in  piece  goods,  hence  the 
change  which  he  has  made  in  his  business,  so  different 
from  the  mode  in  which  he  had  been  educated.  During 
the  quarter  of  a century  of  his  business  career  he  has  been 


j very  successful,  having  been  able  to  withstand  the  panics 
I and  weather  the  financial  storms  which  have  swept  over  the 
I country.  And  not  only  this,  but  he  has  never  been  obliged 
I to  ask  for  an  extension  of  time  on  a note,  nor  allowed  his 
; paper  to  go  to  protest.  A straightforward  business  on  true 
business  principles  has  ever  been  his  motto.  He  has 
achieved  the  success  which  has  attended  him  by  his  strict 
attention  to  business  and  undeviating  honor  and  honesty  in 
all  his  mercantile  transactions.  And  the  handsome  compe- 
tence he  has  gained  during  his  twenty-five  years’  residence 
in  Cincinnati  is  an  ample  proof  of  his  unwearying  industry. 
Outside  of  his  extensive  business  he  has  made  large  invest- 
ments in  valuable  real  estate  in  various  parts  of  the  city. 
He  has  never  held  nor  aspired  to  any  office,  political  or 
otherwise. 

«NDERWOOD,  ALPHEUS  HARRISON,  Physi- 
cian and  Pharmaceutist,  was  born,  April  21st, 
1836,  in  Brimfield,  Portage  county,  Ohio,  of  New 
^ ^ England  parentage.  His  father  was  a native  of 

Massachusetts,  a farmer  by  occupation,  and  orig- 
inally a cabinet-maker  by  trade,  had  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1820.  His  mother  was  a native  of  Connecticut, 
who  died  when  he  was  one  year  old.  He  was  reared  by  a 
kind  step-mother.  He  first  attended  the  district  school, 
and  subsequently  an  academy  at  Shallersville.  When 
seventeen  years  old  he  left  school,  and  taught  for  the  ensu- 
ing seven  years  in  various  localities,  including  Ravenna, 
Portage  county;  Mechanicsburg,  Champaign  county;  and 
South  Charleston,  Clarke  county.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  the  4th  Ohio  Cavalry, 
and  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Sergeant.  He  served 
with  that  regiment  until  discharged  for  disability,  in  1863. 
He  then  proceeded  to  Cardenton,  where  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  A.  S. 
Weatherly,  meanwhile  teaching  school  for  one  term.  After 
remaining  at  that  place  for  a year,  he  went  to  Cincinnati 
and  pa.ssed  two  years  in  attendance  upon  the  lectures  deliv- 
ered in  the  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  in  W.  J. 
M.  Gordon’s  drug  store  as  prescription  clerk.  He  gradu- 
ated from  the  college  in  P'ebruary,  1866,  having  in  the 
meantime  been  appointed  Assistant  Physician  in  the  Com- 
mercial Hospital,  Cincinnati.  He  considers  this  appoint- 
ment as  a great  achievement,  owing  to  the  opposition  of 
the  other  schools.  He  was,  however,  obliged  to  relinquish 
the  position  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  next  returned  to 
Clarke  county,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  South  Charleston,  where  he  remained  a year, 
meeting  with  good  success.  A favorable  opening  present- 
ing itself  at  London,  he  removed  thither  in  1867,  and  con- 
tinued his  professional  duties  in  that  place  until  July,  1874, 
when  he  purchased  a drug  store,  and  has  since  assumed  the 
entire  control  of  the  same,  having  a very  good  patronage, 
and  he  also  continued  his  medical  practice.  His  political 


0/UaxyPu}>  Co 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.'EDIA. 


6 


views  are  those  held  by  the  Republican  party.  He  has  had 
positions  offered  him  on  the  ticket  of  that  party,  but  has 
invariably  declined  the  nomination.  He  was  appointed 
Pension  E.xamining  Surgeon  for  Madison  county  in  1873, 
which  position  he  yet  retains;  and  is  also  Examining  Sur- 
geon for  si.x  or  eight  life  insurance  companies.  He  has 
been  through  life  a hard  worker  and  a close  student,  rely- 
ing exclusively  upon  his  own  efforts  for  advancement,  and 
receiving  no  assistance  or  possessing  any  outside  influence 
whatever.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
community  among  whom  he  resides,  and  is  regarded  by  all 
as  a useful  and  valuable  citizen.  He  was  married  on  Sep- 
tember 2lst,  1865,  to  Hannah  D.,  eldest  daughter  of  r.)avid 
Rutan,  of  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio,  and  is  the  father  of  two 
sons,  both  living. 


jIGELOW,  JABEZ  GARDNER,  Lawyer,  was 
born,  March  7th,  1822,  in  New  Lebanon,  Colum- 
bia county,  New  York,  where  he  received  a com- 
mon school  education.  In  1844  he  went  to 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  where  he  subsequently  entered 
the  college  at  that  town,  and  graduated  in  the 
1850.  After  leaving  that  institution  he  taught 
school  for  the  next  six  months,  and  then  removed  to  .Saji- 
dusky,  and  in  the  same  year  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Beecher  & Leonard — the  former  of  whom  is 
still  in  active  business  for  himself — and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  August,  1852.  He  commenced  immediately  to 
practise  his  profession  in  Sandusky,  and  is  acknowledged 
to  be  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  prominent  barristers  in 
that  city.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  United  States  Assessor 
of  Internal  Revenue,  and  held  that  position  for  three  years, 
and  was  one  of  the  first  persons  who  acted  in  that  capacity 
in  northern  Ohio.  He  has  also  served  as  a member  of  City 
Councils.  His  political  belief  was  formerly  that  of  the 
Liberty  party;  but  since  the  abolition  of  slavery  he  has 
been  a prominent  Republican.  He  is  a persevering,  ener- 
getic citizen,  and  is  endowed  with  talents  of  a high  order; 
and  his  present  standing  as  a member  of  the  legal  fraternity 
is  entirely  due  to  his  industry  and  the  care  with  which  his 
clieiiLs’  causes  are  presented  to  the  court  and  jury.  He  is  a 
stockholder  in  the  .Sandusky  Tool  Company,  and  also  in  the 
Second  National  Bank.  He  was  married  in  1855  to 
Sarah  Hull,  of  Perkins  township,  Erie  county,  Ohio. 


ALL,  LUTHER  A.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  August 
13th,  1813,  in  the  township  of  Spafford,  in  Onon- 
daga county.  New  York,  and  is  a son  of  Luther 
Hall,  a native  of  Berkshire  county,  Massachu- 
setts,  and  a farmer  by  occupation.  He  died  in 
1849,  at  Freeport,  Illinois,  whither  he  had  pre- 
viously removed.  Luther  A.  Hall  was  reared  on  a farm, 
working  during  the  summer  and  .attending  the  district 


school  until  he  attained  the  age  of  fourteen  ye.ars,  when  he 
became  a pupil  of  Thomas  W.  Allis  in  a select  school  at 
Skaneateles,  where  he  remained  two  years.  He  then 
effected  an  engagement  as  a clerk  in  a store,  where  he  was 
occupied  some  three  years.  In  the  spring  of  1833  he 
started  on  a trip  to  Ohio,  with  a small  stock  of  goods,  in  a 
one-horse  wagon,  to  pay  his  travelling  expenses  on  the  way. 
He  arrived  at  Tiffin  on  May  5th  of  that  year,  and  was  first 
employed  in  the  Recorder’s  office  at  fifty  cents  per  day, 
boarding  himself.  He  soon  after  entered  the  store  of  John 
Park  as  a clerk,  and  received  ten  dollars  per  month  wages 
and  his  board.  He  remained  there  for  about  eighteen 
months,  at  the  same  time  filling  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  Supreme  Court  for  Seneca 
county,  at  Tiffin,  to  which  position  he  was  appointed,  as 
Deputy,  in  1833,  and  as  Principal  on  May  5lh,  1834.  In 
1835  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  with  Josiah 
Hedges,  an  old  merchant  and  the  founder  of  Tiffin.  This 
was  carried  on  for  about  two  years,  when  the  great  financial 
storm  of  1837  occurred,  and  they  decided  to  discontinue 
busine.ss.  The  stock  was  closed  out,  their  good  debts  col- 
lected, and  all  liabilities  paid.  There  were  many  losses 
from  b.ad  debts,  but  still  something  remained  when  the  firm 
dissolved.  He  still  continued  to  hold  the  office  of  Clerk 
of  said  courts  in  Tiffin,  and  at  the  same  time  studied  law 
under  the  supervision  of  Hon.  Abel  Ransom,  until  the 
autumn  of  1840,  when  he  entered  the  Cincinnati  Law 
College,  and  graduated  therefrom  in  the  spring  of  1841. 
He  resigned  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Court  the  same  year, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Tiffin,  .and 
so  continued  until  1856,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  office 
of  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Seneca  county.  He  filled  that 
position  for  two  years,  and  in  1858,  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  service,  formed  a legal  partnership  with  John  H. 
Fittinger,  of  Tiffin,  under  the  firm-name  of  Hall  & I’ittin- 
ger,  opening  an  office  in  that  town,  and  have  continued 
together  ever  since,  engaged  in  a general  law  business.  In 
1862  Mr.  Hall  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  Assessor 
of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Ninth  District  of  Ohio,  which 
he  held  until  removed  by  President  Johnson  in  1865.  In 
1868  he  was  Presidential  Elector  for  the  Ninth  Congres- 
sional District  of  Ohio,  casting  the  vote  in  the  F.lectoral 
College  of  Ohio  for  Grant  and  Colfax.  In  1867  he  was 
one  of  the  corporators  of  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  & It.aslern  Rail- 
road, and  was  elected  President  of  the  company,  serving  in 
that  capacity  until  the  line  was  completed.  While  filling 
that  office  he  devoted  his  entire  time  towards  forwarding 
the  enterprise,  and  to  his  energetic  efforts  were  largely  due 
its  final  completion  from  Toledo  to  Tiffin,  connecting  with 
the  Mansfield  Ro.ad,  in  advance  of  other  and  rival  lines. 
He  was  married,  April  7th,  1835,  to  Cynthia  A.,  daughter 
of  the  late  Josiah  Hedges,  of  Tiffin,  and  is  the  father  of 
four  sons,  all  of  whom  are  living.  The  eldest,  Josiah  H., 
is  now  residing  in  Chicago,  but  was  for  seven  years  in 
Japan,  and  was  the  first  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILLDIA. 


614 


that  country  prior  to  General  Capron’s  appointment.  The 
second  son,  James  H.,  is  married  and  living  in  Tiffin  ; his 
occupation  that  of  a commercial  traveller.  The  third  son, 
John  A.,  was  Assistant  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for 
some  years  in  Tiffin,  and  until  that  office  was  abolished,  but 
is  now  in  the  Tiffin  Shoe  Factory.  The  youngest  son, 
Albon  E.,  is  a surgeon  on  one  of  the  Japanese  steamers 
plying  between  Yokohama  and  Shanghai. 


^^ARLICK,  TIIEODATUS,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  and 
Scientist,  was  born,  March  30lh,  1805,  in  Middle- 
bury,  Addison  county,  V'ermont,  and  now  resides 
in  Bedford,  Cuyahoga  county,  Ohio.  He  was  the 
son  of  Daniel  Garlick,  a farmer,  who  married 
Sabra  Starkweather  Kirby,  daughter  of  Abraham 
Kilby,  of  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  sister  of  Hon. 
Ephraim  Kirby,  who  in  1804  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Territorial  District  of  Louisiana  by  President 
Jefferson.  In  1816  the  subject  of  this  sketch  left  his  native 
State  for  the  western  country,  travelling  on  foot,  carrying  a 
knapsack,  and  arrived  at  Elk  Creek  (now  Girard),  in  Erie 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  resided  two  years.  He 
then  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  had  a brother 
who  was  a stone-cutter  by  trade.  With  this  brother  he 
remained  several  years,  and  learned  the  art  of  carving  and 
lettering  on  stone.  He  then  returned  to  his  home  in  Ver- 
mont to  complete  his  education,  which  had  been  irregularly 
received  in  the  common  schools  and  under  private  tutors ; 
and  in  1823  moved  again  to  Ohio,  accompanied  by  his 
father  and  family.  In  1829  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr. 
Ezra  W.  Glezen  as  a student  of  medicine.  These  studies 
were  continued  with  Dr.  Elijah  Flower,  a prominent  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  of  Brookfield,  Ohio.  After  four  years 
of  close  application  and  attending  full  courses  of  lectures,  he 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  in  the  city  of 
Baltimore,  in  1834.  During  many  months  after  his  gradu- 
ation he  enjoyed  close  social  and  jirofessional  relations  with 
Professor  N.  R.  Smith,  who  occupied  the  Chair  of  Surgery 
in  the  Maryland  University.  He  declined  all  inducements, 
although  many  were  flattering,  to  remain  in  Baltimore,  and 
returned  to  Ohio  and  settled  in  what  became  Youngstown, 
where  he  immediately  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, in  which  he  made  surgery  a specialty.  Eighteen 
years  later  he  removed  to  Cleveland  and  formed  a partner- 
ship in  surgery  with  Profe.ssor  Horace  A.  Ackley,  and  at 
once  took  high  rank  among  the  profession  of  that  city.  He 
was  elected  a member  of  the  Board  of  Censors  of  the 
Cleveland  Medical  College,  and  Vice-President  of  the 
Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  As  a surgeon  he 
excelled,  and  had  probably  no  superior  in  plastic  surgery. 
In  the  medical  college  and  elsewhere  his  operations  in  this 
class  were  numerous  and  important.  In  the  case  of  a 
young  lady  who  had  lost  nearly  all  of  one  side  of  her  face 


and  two-thirds  of  the  upper  and  lower  lips  by  sloughing  of 
the  parts,  he  performed  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and 
successful  operations.  The  whole  side  of  the  face  was  re- 
stored and  the  deformity  removed  by  the  perfect  fitting  of 
the  flaps,  which  were  cut  up  to  supply  the  lost  parts.  Pro- 
fessor John  Delamater  decided  that  there  was  not  a more 
difficult  or  successful  case  of  plastic  surgery  on  record,  and 
estimated  its  value  at  $10,000.  The  operation  of  lithotomy 
he  performed  with  great  skill  and  success ; in  one  case 
fracturing  and  then  extracting  a stone  which  measured 
three  and  one-half  by  four  and  one-half  inches,  in  shape 
like  a cocoanut.  He  removed  the  half  of  the  under  jaw 
twice,  disarticulating  in  each  case,  and  twice  tied  success- 
fully the  common  carotid  artery.  He  made  some  valualfle 
improvements  in  methods  of  operation  for  harelip  and  for 
fistula  in  ano;  introduced  new  splints  and  dressings  for 
fractures,  and  applied  the  principle  of  anatomical  models 
to  animals  and  parts  of  animals,  and  especially  fishes.  In 
1853,  with  Professor  Ackley,  he  began  the  artificial  propa- 
gation of  brook  trout  and  other  fish,  and  in  1857  published 
his  work  entitled  “ Fish  Culture,”  which  was  the  standard 
authority  on  that  subject.  While  at  the  Maryland  Medical 
College  he  produced  a has  relief  in  wax  of  five  of  the  pro- 
fessors of  the  college,  which  were  pronounced  excellent 
likenesses.  The  statuettes  in  basso  relievo  of  General 
Jackson  and  Henry  Clay,  both  of  whom  gave  him  sittings, 
were  soon  after  completed,  and  wei'e  followed  by  a full- 
length  miniature  in  the  same  style  of  Chief-Justice  Mar- 
shall, from  a portrait  by  Waugh.  This  work  was  pro- 
nounced by  Mr.  Bullock,  the  English  virtuoso,  equal  to  the 
productions  of  Thorwalsden.  A life-size  bust  of  Judge 
George  Tod,  of  Ohio,  was  another  of  his  productions  much 
admired  for  its  merit  and  accuracy.  He  made  more  than 
sixty  anatomical  models,  which  represent  all  of  the  im- 
portant surgical  regions  of  the  human  body;  also  many 
pathological  models,  which  represent  rare  forms  of  disease. 
Duplicates  of  these  models  may  be  seen  in  the  medical 
colleges  of  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Buffalo,  Toronto,  Charles- 
ton, and  many  other  colleges.  They  are  considered  superior 
to  those  of  the  celebrated  Auzoux,  of  Paris.  In  1874  he 
completed  a life-size  bust  of  Professor  J.  P.  Kirtland,  at  the 
age  of  sixty  years.  This  is  his  masterpiece.  It  was  exe- 
cuted under  the  most  trying  circumstances.  A disease  of 
the  spinal  nerves  of  more  than  ten  years’  standing,  so  that 
he  could  not  stand  without  the  aid  of  crutches,  kept  him 
closely  confined  to  a lounge,  and  thus,  while  suffering  acute 
pain,  he  modelled  this  most  admirable  bust.  It  was  a 
labor  of  love,  as  no  money  would  have  induced  him  to 
undertake  it.  He  made  the  first  daguerreotype  picture  (a 
landscape)  taken  in  the  United  States,  and  constructed  the 
instrument  and  apparatus  to  take  it  in  December,  1839, 
besides  making  in  1840  the  first  daguerreotype  likeness 
ever  taken  anywhere,  without  requiring  the  rays  of  the  sun 
to  fall  directly  upon  the  sitter’s  face — in  the  shade.  Pro- 
fessor J.  P.  Kirtland  was  his  first  and  only  preceptor  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


6iS 


natural  history,  and  was  his  intimate  friend  and  associate  for 
more  than  forty  years.  His  remarkable  constitution  and 
genial,  even  temperament  enabled  him  to  perform  an 
unusual  amount  of  labor  which  required  great  endurance 
and  patience.  He  was  married  to  Mary  M.  Chittenden, 
his  third  wife,  in  1846.  His  first  and  second  wives  were 
sisters,  and  daughters  of  Dr.  Elijah  Flower,  his  medical  pre- 
ceptor. He  had  two  children — one  son,  Dr.  Wilmot  H. 
Garlick,  and  one  daughter. 


i' 


OUNG,  WILLIAM,  Insurance  Agent,  was  born, 
April  22d,  1822,  in  Franklin,  Warren  county, 
Ohio.  He  assisted  his  father  on  the  latter’s  farm 
until  he  was  seventeen  years  old,  attending  the 


S' 

l'^ 

Vc, 

then  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  an 
apprentice  to  learn  the  saddlery  business,  and  was  thor- 
oughly instructed  in  all  its  branches  during  the  five  years 
he  stayed  there.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service 
he  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  obtained  employment  as  a 
journeyman  saddler  and  harness  maker,  and  where  he  re- 
mained until  1848,  when  he  next  proceeded  to  Memphis, 
Tennessee,  stopping  there  a year,  and  then  returned  4o 
Cincinnati.  After  a brief  sojourn  in  his  old  home  he  went 
to  Philadelphia,  staying  two  months  in  that  city,  and  again 
returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  again  worked  at  his  trade. 
In  the  autumn  of  1848  he  went  South,  and  visited  'Vicks- 
burg, Mississippi,  New  Orleans  and  Shreveport,  I.ouisiana, 
and  thence  to  Clarksville,  Texas,  working  in  these  different 
cities,  and  once  more  returned  to  Cincinnati.  He  there 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  saddles  and  harness  on  his 
own  account,  on  Main  street  between  P'ourth  and  Fifth 
streets,  and  continued  there  until  1858,  when  his  establish- 
ment was  consumed  by  fire,  and  he  lost  in  one  day  the 
earnings  of  ten  years.  After  this  catastrophe  he  proceeded 
to  engage  in  the  patent  right  business  in  St.  Louis,  where 
he  remained  until  the  following  year,  when  he  again  re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  commenced  farming  on  a small  farm 
near  Cincinnati,  and  which  is  now  included  within  the  city 
limits,  and  on  which  he  still  resides.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  he  effected  an  engagement  as  a cutter  in  the 
employ  of  Moore  & Sons,  who  had  heavy  contracts  with  the 
government  to  furnish  saddles  and  harness  for  the  army. 
He  continued  in  this  business  until  1864,  when  he  turned 
his  attention  to  fire  insurance,  and  was  associated  with  A. 
S.  Reaves,  with  whom  he  remained  a year,  and  next  with 
the  Eureka  Company,  in  whose  service  he  continued  two 
years.  He  was  then  tendered  the  Superintendency  of  the 
Tobacco  Insurance  Company  of  Cincinnati,  which  he  ac- 
cepted, and  had  charge  of  the  same  for  one  year,  relin- 
quishing it  to  become  the  Agent  of  the  Great  Western  In- 
surance Company  of  Chicago.  He  held  this  latter  position 
until  the  ever  memorable  great  fire  occurred,  in  October, 


1871,  which  proved  too  much  for  this  corporation  to  w'ilh- 
stand,  and  it  speedily  went  into  liquidation.  He  then  be- 
came connected  with  the  American  Eire  Insurance  Com- 
pany, from  which  he  resigned  at  the  expiration  of  six 
months  to  accept  the  General  Agency  of  the  Watertown 
Insurance  Compan}',  and  he  also  is  connected  with  other 
first-class  companies,  which  business  he  carries  on  in  his 
office.  No.  6 West  Third  street,  Cincinnati.  He  is  an  en- 
ergetic business  man,  fully  acquainted  with  all  the  details 
of  insurance,  and  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a lucrative 
and  extensive  line  of  patronage.  By  his  industiy,  energy 
and  perseverance,  and  above  all  by  a prompt  settlement  of 
claims,  be  bas  made  his  office  second  to  none  in  the  city  in 
the  extent  of  its  business  operations.  He  was  married  in 
Cincinnati,  May  30th,  1849,  to  Ann  M.,  daughter  of 
Robert  W.  Orr,  of  that  city. 


STEP,  JOSIAII  M.,  Lawyer,  was  born,, February 
19th,  1829,  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  is  the  eldest  son  of  James  S.  and  Sarah 
(Gaston)  Estep,  both  natives  of  the  same  county 
and  State.  His  father  was  a doctor  of  medicine, 
and  was  engaged  in  professional  duties  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  September,  1875.  Josiah  worked 
on  a farm  until  he  w'as  seventeen  years  of  age,  attending 
school  in  winter.  In  1846  he  commenced  teaching  school 
in  his  native  county,  and  was  so  occupied  during  two 
winters,  and  during  his  leisure  hours  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  general  literature.  In  1848  he  entered  Washing- 
ton College,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  nearly  two 
years,  principally  engaged  in  the  study  of  mathematics  and 
the  sciences.  In  1851  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
under  the  preceptorship  of  John  P.  Penney,  a prominent 
attorney-at-law,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  so 
occupied  for  about  two  years,  when  he  removed  to  Ohio,  in 
1853,  and  settled  at  Cadiz,  where  he  continued  his  legal 
studies  for  a year  under  the  supervision  of  Samuel  G.  Pep- 
pard,  of  that  place.  He  passed  a satisfactory  examination 
at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1854,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  immediately  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Cadiz,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  where  he  has 
established  an  extensive  and  lucrative  line  of  patronage. 
He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in  1868, 
but  his  opponent,  Hon.  John  H.  Bingham,  succeeded,  al- 
though the  contest  was  a very  close  one.  In  1871  he  was 
the  nominee  of  the  same  party  for  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  where  the  contest  was  again  very  close,  as  he  ran 
some  four  hundred  votes  ahead  of  the  State  ticket,  but  the 
county  was  largely  Republican.  He  is  a man  of  great 
energy,  of  unimpeachable  character  and  of  fidelity  in  busi- 
ness, and  ranks  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  of 
Harrison  county. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 


|.ENDLETON,  HON.  GEORGE  H.,  Lawyer  and 
Statesman,  was  born  in  Cincinnati  in  1825.  His 
grandfather,  Nathaniel  I’endleton,  was  a native 
of  New  York,  and  was  the  intimate  personal 
and  political  friend  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  and 
was  his  second  in  the  duel  with  Aaron  Burr,  in 
which  he  lost  his  life,  in  1804.  He  was  an  officer  in  the 
revolutionary  army,  and  served  as  Aide-de-Camp  to  Gen- 
eral Greene  in  his  glorious  campaign  in  the  South.  He 
was  the  first  Federal  District  Judge  in  Georgia,  and 
was  ajipointed  by  President  Washington.  His  father  was 
Nathaniel  Greene  Pendleton,  a leading  and  eminent  Whig, 
who  defeated  Dr.  Duncan  for  Congress  in  Cincinnati,  in 
the  celebrated  contest  of  1S40.  Descended  from  such  an- 
cestry, politically,  it  would  not  have  been  stiqirising  had 
Mr.  Pendleton  imbibed  the  same  views  and  party  tenets. 
But  he  was  one  who  thought  for  himself,  was  governed  by 
no  extraneous  influences,  and  from  mature  conviction  em- 
braced the  Democratic  creed  and  cast  his  first  vote  with 
that  party.  He  received  his  education  mainly  in  Wood- 
ward College  and  in  the  old  Cincinnati  College,  but  he 
afterwards  took  courses  of  study  at  Heidelberg  and  Berlin, 
in  Germany.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 
of  Stephen  P'ales,  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1847,  immediately  after  which  he  formed  a partner- 
ship with  George  E.  Pugh,  since  United  States  Senator 
from  Ohio.  In  1853  Mr.  Pendleton  began  his  political 
career  by  accepting  the  Democratic  nomination  fur  the  State 
Senate  from  Hamilton  county.  The  whole  ticket  on  which 
he  was  placed  was  elected  by  many  thousand  majority. 
Although  the  youngest  member  of  that  body,  and  entirely 
new  to  its  service,  he  at  once  took  a prominent  pt  sition  in 
its  deliberations,  and  well  sustained  the  high  anticipation 
of  those  instrumental  in  his  election.  So  favorable  was  the 
impression  produced  that,  while  yet  in  the  Senate,  he  was 
nominated  for  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Congress 
from  the  P'irst  District,  in  Hamilton  county.  This  was  a 
great  honor,  in  view  of  the  high  character  of  the  men  who, 
for  a series  of  years,  had  been  its  representatives.  The 
issue  of  this  election  was  unfortunate  to  Mr.  Pendleton. 
The  anti-Nebraska  tornado  swept  over  the  country  with  ir- 
resistible force,  and  he,  as  well  as  other  Democrats,  was 
badly  beaten.  In  1856,  at  the  next  Congressional  election, 
he  was  unanimously  selected  to  bear  the  standard  of  his 
party,  and  was  elected  by  a flattering  vote.  He  took  his 
seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  December,  1857, 
in  the  early  part  of  James  Buchanan’s  administration. 
Stormy  times  were  ahead.  Ultraism,  both  North  and 
South,  was  surging  against  the  ship  of  state.  Mr.  Pendle- 
ton’s course  was  soon  decided  upon.  It  was  moder.ate 
and  conservative,  h.aving  in  view  the  preservation  of  the 
Union  by  maintaining  amity  among  the  States.  In  1858, 
he  was  nominated  a third  time  for  Congress,  his  competitor  | 
this  time  being  T.  C.  Day,  who  in  1854  had  defeated  him. 
The  contest  was  sharp  and  generally  unfortunate  to  the  ■ 


Democracy,  Mr.  Pendleton  being  the  only  candidate  on  the 
ticket  who  was  elected.  In  i860,  in  the  breaking  up  of 
the  Democratic  party  at  the  Charleston  Convention,  he 
warmly  sustained  Mr.  Douglas,  and  was  nominated  by  that 
wing  of  the  party  for  re-election  to  Congress.  His  main 
competitor  was  Judge  Oliver  M.  Spencer,  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Cincinnati;  and,  although  a considerable  portion 
of  the  county  ticket  was  defeated,  he  was  again  elected. 
While  serving  his  third  term  in  Congress  the  civil  war  oc- 
curred. His  position  was  similar  to  that  held  by  the  great 
mass  of  his  political  friends.  In  1861  the  Democracy  were 
overwhelmingly  beaten  in  Hamilton  county,  and  in  1S62 
there  seemed  to  be  little  hope  of  the  party  being  able  to 
elect  Mr.  Pendleton  again.  He  was,  however,  unanimously 
nominated.  His  opponent  was  Colonel  John  Groesbeck, 
but  Mr.  Pendleton  was  again  successful.  This  was  his  fifth 
nomination,  an  unusual  number  where  the  doctrine  of  ro- 
tation had  so  long  prevailed.  He  was  prominently  spoken 
of  for  Speaker  of  the  House,  but  the  Republican  ascen- 
dency in  that  body  prevented  any  serious  effort  being  made 
in  his  behalf.  He  was  appointed  upon  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means,  on  which  it  was  usual  to  assign  the 
strongest  and  ablest  members.  He  had  already  served  on 
the  Judiciary  and  Military  Committees,  the  two  other  lead- 
ing committees  of  the  House.  In  1864  there  was  a strong 
feeling  in  favor  of  him  as  the  candidate  of  the  party  for  the 
Presidency.  But  the  majority  of  the  delegates  were  in  favor 
of  a military  man,  and  the  result  was  that  Mr.  Pendleton 
was  nominated  for  the  Vice-Presidency,  with  General 
George  B.  McClellan  as  the  candidate  for  President.  He 
was  a delegate  at  large  from  his  State  to  this  convention. 
The  issue  of  the  election  was  of  course  adverse,  only  Del- 
aware, New  Jersey  and  Kentucky  casting  their  votes  for 
McClellan  and  Pendleton.  On  the  4th  of  March,  1865,  his 
fourth  term  of  service  in  the  national  House  expired.  He 
had  long  been  regarded  as  the  leader  of  his  party  in  the 
House,  and  his  retirement  was  the  cause  of  general  regret. 
In  1866  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee  of  Ohio 
elected  him  a delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  Convention. 
This  appointment  he  declined  to  accept.  The  Jime  for 
another  Congressional  election  had  now  rolled  around ; and 
in  view  of  the  importance  of  the  next  Congress,  and  the 
belief  that  Mr.  Pendleton  was  the  best  and  strongest  man 
that  could  be  selected,  he  again  received  the  nomination 
of  his  party.  He  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket,  as  usual,  but  was 
defeated.  In  1S67  there  were  strong  indications  favorable 
to  his  nomination  by  his  party  for  President  of  the  United 
States.  The  Ohio  delegates  to  the  National  Convention 
were  instructed  to  vote  for  him,  and  before  the  convening 
of  the  convention  at  New  York,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1868, 
several  other  States  had  instructed  their  delegates  to  vote 
for  him,  and  his  name  stood  first  among  the  candidates. 
After  a protracted  balloting  his  name  was  withdrawn  and 
Horatio  Seymour  was  made  the  nominee  of  the  party.  In 
1869  the  Democratic  State  of  Ohio  nominated  General 


r 


I 


1 


<1 


Vtv 


.♦a 

■■  s 


K 


/ 

) 


« 


« 

4 


I 

iv 


,■■■'-«.  ■■;;  *■-*,»•  <- 


A.J. 


J 


Odjiaxij  Piii)  Co 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCYCLOP/EDIA. 


617 


Rosecrans  for  Governor.  That  gentleman  declined,  and,  at 
the  unanimous  request  of  the  State  Central  Committee  and 
other  leading  men  of  the  party,  Mr.  Pendleton  consented 
to  accept  the  gubernatorial  nomination.  He  was  unable  to 
make  a canvass  of  the  State,  and  was  unsuccessful.  In  1871 
lie  was  President  of  the  convention  in  which  the  Democ- 
racy of  Ohio  made  the  famous  new  departure  platform,  and 
declared  their  acquiescence  in  the  new  amendments  to  the 
Constitution.  Since  that  time  his  private  business  has  pre- 
vented him  from  taking  an  active  interest  in  political 
affairs.  This  has  been  necessarily  a brief  statement  of  Mr. 
Pendleton's  political  career.  Endowed  by  nature  with  a 
strong  and  vigorous  intellect,  it  has  been  assiduously  im- 
jiroved  by  cultivation  and  study,  and  by  scholastic  and 
educational  polish.  There  are  few  men  who  have  less 
weakness  and  frailty,  and  whose  minds  are  more  completely 
developed.  Calm  and  self-possessed,  he  is  seldom  be- 
trayed into  excitement,  and  always  acts  under  the  dominion 
of  reason,  instead  of  passion.  He  is  moderate  and  con- 
servative in  his  views,  but  inflexible  and  determined  in 
adhering  to  them.  Dignified  in  his  deportment,  yet 
modest  and  unassuming,  he  is  always  courteous  to  op- 
ponents. His  speeches  and  public  addresses  have  been 
marked  by  great  logical  and  oratorical  strength,  and  clas- 
sical purity  of  style.  His  social  qualities  are  very  attrac- 
tive, his  address  and  personal  appearance  fine,  and  his 
hosts  of  friends  who  take  pride  in  his  past  career,  regarding 
him  as  one  of  the  most  promising  statesmen  of  his  time, 
look  forward  with  hope  and  confidence  to  the  future  that 
will  bring  for  him  still  higher  honors  and  a more  brilliant 
position  in  the  affairs  of  the  country.  He  was  married  in 
1846  to  Alice  Key,  daughter  of  Francis  Scott  Key,  of  Bal- 
timore, and  has  three  children,  one  son  and  two  daughters. 


*1 

ACKEY,  JOHN,  Lawyer,  was  born,  January  7th, 
1818,  in  Warren  county.  New  Jersey.  He  is  the 
son  of  Lewis  and  Margaret  (Campbell)  Mackey. 
He  laid  the  foundation  of  his  education  in  a dis- 
. a trict  school.  The  family  emigrated  to  Erie  county, 
Ohio,  when  John  was  about  eighteen  years  of  age. 
Here  he  attended  school  at  Milan,  preparing  himself  for 
college.  Leaving  school  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  Messrs.  Beecher  & Cooke.  He  was 
admitted  to  practise  in  1846,  opening  a law  office  in  San- 
dusky. At  this  time  he  also  entered  into  partnership  with 
Messrs.  Mills  & Ross  in  the  publication  of  the  Daily  Dem- 
ocratic Mirror.  He  severed  his  connection  with  that  paper 
in  the  spring  of  1849.  Since  that  lime  he  has  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  the  law,  in  which  his  labors  have 
been  well  rewarded.  He  was  for  six  years  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Erie  county,  and  was  six  years  in  the  City 
Council  of  Sandusky,  being  President  of  that  body  for  four 
years.  He  is  at  present  a member  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
78 


tion  of  Sandusky.  In  early  life  Mr.  Mackey  was  a Dem- 
ocrat. When  General  Cass,  however,  was  nominated,  in 
1848,  he  cast  his  personal  influence  and  that  of  his  news- 
paper in  favor  of  Martin  Van  Buren  as  the  Free-Soil  candi- 
date for  the  Presidency.  He  has  been  an  ardent  member 
of  the  Republican  party  since  its  organization,  taking  an 
active  interest  in  public  affairs.  In  whatever  position  he 
has  been  placed  he  has  acquitted  himself  creditably.  Oc- 
tober 24th,  1849,  I'S  married  Violetta  Mackey,  in  Erie 
county,  Ohio. 


'EWEV,  HON.  CHAUNCEV,  Lawyer  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Harrison  National  Bank  of  Cadiz, 
Ohio,  was  born,  March  27th,  1796,  near  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut,  and  is  a son  of  the  late 
Eiiphalet  and  Rachel  (Hyde)  Dewey.  His 
father  was  a native  of  Windham  county,  Con- 
necticut, who  was  a farmer  by  occupation,  and  removed 
from  Connecticut  in  1798  to  Otsego  county.  New  York, 
where  he  settled  on  the  Susquehanna  river,  in  that  county, 
where  he  lived  until  1834,  and  then  proceeded  to  Oswego 
county,  in  the  same  .State.  In  1836  he  went  to  Ohio  and 
located  in  Cadiz,  Harrison  county,  where  he  died  in  1837. 
He  wa,s  a soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war.  His  wife  was 
a native  of  Norwich,  Connecticut,  a lineal  descendant  of 
Chancellor  Hyde,  of  England;  she  survived  her  husband 
ten  years,  having  died  in  Cadiz  in  1847.  Chauncey  worked 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  attending 
school  in  the  winter.  In  1814  he  w.as  drafted  into  a mil- 
itary company,  and  marched  to  Sackett's  Harbor  to  repel 
an  anticipated  attack  of  the  British,  and  was  in  service 
about  seven  weeks.  On  his  return  he  entered  Hartwicli 
Academy,  in  Otsego  county.  New  York,  where  he  pursued 
a course  of  literary  study  until  the  summer  of  1818,  and 
became  proficient  in  the  classics.  In  the  same  year  he 
passed  the  requisite  examin.ations  prior  to  entering  the 
junior  class  of  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York, 
then  under  the  supervision  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Eiiphalet 
Nott.  He  graduated  from  that  institution  in  1820,  and  in 
the  .same  year  commenced  the  study  of  law  at  Coopers- 
town,  Otsego  county,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Samuel 
Starkweather,  a prominent  attorney  of  that  place,  and  con- 
tinued so  engaged  for  a year,  and  in  1821  removed  to 
Cadiz,  Ohio,  where  he  completed  his  legal  studies,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  following  year.  He  immediately 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profe.ssion  in  Cadiz,  and  so 
continued  until  1845,  being  a partner  for  a number  of  years 
with  the  late  Hon.  Edwin  M.  .Stanton.  In  1845  he  became 
connected  with  the  Harrison  branch  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Ohio,  at  Cadiz,  and  soon  afterwards  was  elected  its  Presi- 
dent. He  devoted  the  greater  portion  of  his  time  to  the 
interests  of  this  institution  until  1865,  when  its  business  was 
closed  and  the  Harrison  National  Bank  was  organized  as 
its  successor,  of  which  he  was  elected  President,  and  has  so 


6i8 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


continued  until  the  present  time,  beside  being  its  principal 
stockholder.  He  is  also  largely  interested  as  a shareholder 
in  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & St.  Louis  Railroad  Com- 
pany; in  the  Jefferson  Insurance  Company  of  Steubenville; 
in  the  P'ranklin  Insurance  Company  of  Wheeling;  and  also 
in  the  Amazon  Insurance  Company  of  Cincinnati.  He  has 
been  more  or  less  a contributor  to  colleges  and  theological 
schools.  He  was  a member  of  the  Ohio  Senate  from  1841 
to  1843,  resigning  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  ser- 
vice. He  has  never  aspired  to  any  political  office.  In 
politics  he  is  a Republican,  and  gave  his  first  Presidential 
vote,  in  1824,  in  favor  of  John  Quincy  Adams.  He  is  a 
Pre.sbyterian  in  religious  belief.  He  is  a man  of  the  most 
inflexible  integrity  and  unimpeachable  character;  he  has 
always  led  a temperate  life,  and,  though  he  has  passed  his 
eightieth  year,  is  still  active  and  energetic  in  his  business. 
He  was  married  in  February,  1823,  to  Nancy,  daughter  of 
John  Pritchard,  formerly  of  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania, 
but  who  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Harrison  county, 
Ohio,  whither  he  removed  in  1807.  Pie  is  the  father  of  ten 
children. 

LONE,  FELIX  G.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  July  28th, 
1826,  in  Goshen,  Clermont  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  the  third  of  seven  children  born  to  William 
Slone  and  Rachel  Mann.  William  Slone  was  a 
native  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  by  voca- 
tion a farmer.  He  moved  to  Clermont  county 
in  1808,  and  subsequently  to  Peoria  county,  Illinois,  where 
he  died  in  1872.  Rachel  Mann  Slone  was  a native  of 
Bullett  county,  Kentucky.  The  subject  of  this  notice  was 
engaged  on  a farm  until  he  was  nineteen  years  old,  attend- 
ing school  in  the  winter.  The  next  three  years  he  passed 
in  Martinsville,  Clinton  county,  teaching  school  in  the 
winter  and  attending  school  as  a pupil  during  the  summer. 
In  1850  Mr.  Slone  began  merchandising  at  Westborough, 
Clinton  county,  and  was  thus  engaged  for  about  three  years. 
Ditiing  these  years  he  was  industriously  devoting  his  spare 
time  to  reading  law.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar,  in 
1853,  he  was  chiefly  engaged  in  school  teaching  until  1858. 
He  then  went  to  Georgetown,  Brown  county,  where  he  re- 
mained in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  1861.  As 
Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  K,  70th  Regiment  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  he  went  to  the  front  and  was  in  active 
service  for  nearly  three  years,  participating  in  the  battles 
of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  Corinth  and  Vicksburg.  By  meri- 
torious conduct  he  earned  a first  lieutenant’s  and  then  a 
captain’s  commission.  He  was  honorably  discharged  from 
the  service  in  1863,  and  returned  to  Georgetown,  Brown 
county,  where  he  remained  until  October  of  1865.  He 
then  located  in  Wilmington,  where  he  has  since  made  his 
home  and  secured  a large  practice.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican.  Mr.  Slone  is  a valuable  citizen,  and  is  re- 
garded as  a man  of  strict  integrity.  He  is  dignified  in 


bearing,  and  yet  affable  and  courteous  in  intercourse  -with 
his  fellows.  In  1848  he  married  Kate  Hodson,  of  Clinton 
county. 

ECK,  WILLIAM  VIRGIL,  Lawyer  and  ex-Judge, 
was  born,  April  l6th,  1804,  at  Cayuga,  New  York. 
His  parents  were  Virgil  and  Mary  (Wallace) 
Peck,  and  he  was  the  youngest  of  their  three 
children.  Both  parents  were  natives  of  Litch- 
field, Connecticut.  They  settled  in  Cayuga,  New 
York,  in  1802,  and  there  Virgil  Peck  died  in  September, 
1804.  He  was  of  English  extraction,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  a merchant  in  that  place.  After  his  death 
his  widow,  in  1808,  married  Dr.  Abel  Catlin,  of  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  who  died  in  1856.  She  then  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,  and  resided  there  with  her  son  William 
until  her  death,  which  took  place  in  i860.  The  boyhood 
of  William  Virgil  Peck  was  passed  at  Litchfield,  Connecti- 
cut. He  attended  the  district  school  there  until  he  had 
passed  beyond  its  educational  resources.  He  then  studied 
the  classics  at  the  Pierce  Academy  and  at  the  South  Farms 
Academy  in  Litchfield.  In  1816  he  went  to  Watertown, 
New  York,  where  he  entered  a store  as  clerk.  He  re- 
mained at  Watertown,  employed  in  that  capacity,  for  about 
three  years.  In  the  year  1819  he  returned  to  Connecticut 
and  obtained  a situation  as  clerk  at  Winsted,  in  that  State, 
and  continued  in  its  employ  until  1824,  at  which  time  he 
entered  the  then  very  celebrated  law  school  of  Litchfield. 
From  this  institution  he  graduated  in  the  summer  of  1826, 
and  almost  immediately  moved  to  Ohio.  He  went  to  Cin- 
cinnati, where  he  entered  the  law  office  of  the  late  Judge 
Bellamy  Storer.  He  remained  with  him  until  1828,  and 
then,  removing  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  he  immediately  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  resided 
in  Portsmouth  ever  since,  and  almost  from  the  first  his  suc- 
cess was  great.  His  fine  natural  talents,  added  to  thorough 
training  and  high  legal  attainments,  won  for  him  a sub- 
stantial recognition,  which  manifested  itself  in  a very 
extensive  practice.  In  February,  1848,  he  was  elected 
President  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court  of  his  district. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  1851,  and  again 
in  1856.  He  served  until  the  spring  of  1859,  when  he  took 
his  seat  as  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  to  which 
position  he  had  been  elected  in  1858.  No  higher  evidence 
of  the  thoroughly  acceptable  manner  in  which  he  performed 
the  duties  of  his  judicial  office  could  be  required  than  the 
fact  that  his  re-elections  to  the  Common  Pleas  bench  were 
without  opposition,  and  that  in  1863  he  declined  a re- 
election  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1864,  on 
account  of  impaired  health,  he  retired  from  all  official  and 
professional  business,  and  has  since  been  living  in  honored 
retirement  at  his  home  in  Portsmouth.  His  impaired  physi- 
cal health  has  not  in  the  least  affected  that  of  his  mind,  and 
his  strong  and  brilliant  mental  qualities  are  as  noticeable 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


619 


now  as  ever.  Politically,  he  is  a Republican.  His  first  j 
vote  was  cast  in  1828  for  John  Quincy  Adams.  Though  | 
not  an  active  member  of  any  church,  he  has  (until  prevented  j 
by  bronchial  trouble  and  ill  health)  been  a very  regular  at- 
tendant of  either  the  Presbyterian  or  Episcopal  Church,  and 
has  always  been  a contributor  to  those  institutions.  His 
life  has  been  always  characterized  by  the  most  unquestioned 
integrity,  and  by  habits  of  strict  temperance ; and  in  social 
life  his  pleasant  temper,  his  agreeable  manners  and  uniform 
courtesy,  render  him  universally  popular.  He  was  married, 
July  8lh,  1830,  to  Mary  Ann  Cook,  of  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
Of  their  large  family  of  children  only  four  are  at  present 


' UNE,  D.VV'ID,  Machinist  and  Engine-Builder,  was 
born.  May  nth,  1824,  in  Ithaca,  New  York,  and 
is  a son  of  Peter  June,  also  a native  of  New  York, 
who  had  formerly  followed  the  sea,  but  removed 
with  his  family  to  Ohio  in  1833  and  settled  in 
Sandusky ; he  sailed  for  a few  years  on  the  lakes, 
and  died  in  1851.  David  lived  in  Sandusky  until  he  was 
about  sixteen  years  old.  He  attended  school  until  fourteen, 
and  then  commenced  to  work  in  a machine  shop  to  learn 
the  trade.  In  1842  he  went  to  Cleveland,  and  found  em- 
ployment in  the  Cuyahoga  Iron  Works,  and  became  a good 
machinist  and  engineer,  and  for  the  next  ten  years  was  in 
the  service  of  this  company  during  the  winter,  and  filled  the 
position  of  engineer  on  the  steamers  of  the  Buffalo  and 
Chicago  line  through  the  summer  season.  By  industry  and 
economy  he  laid  by  some  money,  and  in  1853  went  to  Fre- 
mont to  start  in  business.  He  there  purchased  a plow  shop, 
and  fitted  it  up  for  repairing  and  building  engines.  He  was 
assisted  at  the  outset  of  the  enterprise  by  an  elder  brother, 
D.  L.  June,  who  had  been  a resident  of  that  town  for  several 
years.  Business  began  at  once,  for  the  steamboat  company, 
for  which  he  had  worked,  sent  him  engines,  etc.,  to  repair, 
and  orders  for  machinery  came  in  from  the  country.  The 
first  steam-engine  in  the  county  was  built  there.  In  1858, 
at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  the  Lake  Superior  Transporta- 
tion Company,  he  left  the  business  at  Fremont  in  the  care 
of  a partner,  lately  taken  in,  and  went  to  Cleveland,  where 
he  took  charge  of  all  the  company’s  boats,  keeping  them  in 
running  order.  He  remained  in  that  position  until  i860, 
when,  finding  that  his  interests  at  Fremont  needed  his  atten- 
tion, he  relinquished  his  situation  at  Cleveland  and  returned 
home,  where  he  purchased  the  interests  of  his  ]>artncr  and 
assumed  entire  control  of  the  business.  In  1862  he  com- 
menced the  erection  of  new  works,  and  completed  the  present 
buildings,  now  occupied,  in  1867.  In  the  meantime  he  asso- 
ciated with  him  as  partner  Robert  Brayton,  an  old  and  skil- 
ful machinist,  with  whom  he  had  worked  in  Cleveland  (and 
whose  biographical  sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume). 
The  business  has  ever  since  been  a prosperous  one,  and  was 
not  seriously  affected  by  the  financial  distress  of  1873.  Mr. 


June  is  a superior  mechanic  as  well  as  a good  business  man- 
ager. He  has  made  many  valuable  improvements  in  build- 
ing engines.  He  is  the  patentee  of  a self-acting  spark  ar- 
rester, invented  in  1875,  of  which  the  firm  have  the  exclusive 
right  to  use,  and  is  a valuable  article.  The  engines  built  by 
D.  June  & Co.,  both  portable  and  stationary,  have  a high 
reputation;  many  hundreds  have  been  built  since  i860  and 
shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  country.  They  have  aimed  to 
excel  in  thoroughness  of  work  and  finish,  and  have  a steady 
demand.  They  are  now  (1876)  building  fifty  portable  en- 
gines, of  two  patterns,  to  meet  the  demands  of  their  trade. 
They  also  build  circular  saw-mills,  etc.,  etc.  The  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  the  buildings,  machinery,  etc.,  is  about 
sixty  thousand  dollars,  the  greater  part  of  which  has  been 
made  in  the  business.  They  give  employment  to  between 
forty  and  fifty  men,  on  full  time,  all  the  year  round.  David 
June  was  married,  November  28th,  1844,  to  Caroline  A. 
Owen,  of  Painesville,  Ohio,  and  has  had  two  children,  one 
of  whom  only  is  living,  a daughter  of  eighteen,  who  is  still 
at  home. 

BERMILLER,  MINRAD,  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
was  born,  February  l8th,  1818,  in  Schwarzenberg, 
Province  of  Tyrol,  Austria.  He  is  the  son  of 
Gephard  Obermiller,  a manufacturer  of  woollen 
goods,  who  for  forty  years  carried  on  business 
successfully.  When  M inrad  was  eight  years  of 
age,  while  playing  in  his  father’s  mills,  he  was  caught  on  a 
wheel  and  had  his  left  hand  torn  off,  crippling  the  arm  to 
the  shoulder.  He  laid  the  foundation  of  his  education  at 
the  district  school.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  entered  the 
university  at  Innsbruck,  where  he  remainerl  for  six  years. 
From  Innsbruck  he  went  to  the  university  at  Gratz,  where  he 
studied  medicine  and  surgery,  receiving  his  diploma  in  1842. 
In  this  year  he  accepted  the  position  of  Assistant  Physician 
in  the  Imperial  Hospital,  at  Vienna.  In  February,  184S, 
he  was  sent  as  Assistant  Surgeon  to  the  Austrian  army,  then 
stationed  at  Milan,  a severe  fever  having  broken  out  among 
the  soldiers  in  that  city.  At  this  time  began  the  Italian 
revolution,  assisted  by  King  Charles  Albert,  of  Sardinia.  As 
the  war  progressed,  the  force  with  which  Dr.  Obermiller 
was  serving  was  ordered  to  guard  the  government  buildings 
with  their  funds  and  records.  The  Hungarian  revolution 
breaking  out  at  this  time,  the  Austrian  government  was 
obliged  to  divide  its  army.  By  this  move  the  strength  of  its 
forces  were  so  weakened  that  it  was  found  impossible  to 
hold  the  buildings  at  Milan.  The  troops  at  Milan  were 
; therefore  ordered  to  fall  back  to  Verona,  taking  with  them 
1 the  government  funds  and  records.  This  they  succeeded  in 
doing  by  resorting  to  a clever  ruse,  cutting  their  way  through 
the  Italian  forces  and  reaching  Verona  with  the  money  and 
records  concealed  about  their  persons.  From  Verona  Dr. 
Obermiller  was  ordered  to  join  reinforcements  sent  to  Venice. 
Being  a few  hours  in  advance  of  the  troops  he  paid  a visit 


620 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


to  a friend,  living  near  the  powder  magazine  in  Verona.  As 
soon  as  the  inhabitants  heard  of  the  approach  of  more  Aus- 
trian troops  they  arose  in  arms,  forcing  the  few  soldiers 
stationed  in  the  city  to  flee  to  meet  the  coming  reinforce- 
ments. All  communication  with  his  regiment  was  cut  off; 
the  Italians  had  sworn  death  to  every  Austrian  in  the  city, 
and  Dr.  Obermiller  was  obliged  to  take  refuge  in  the  maga- 
zine, located  on  a small  island  and  in  charge  of  a corporal’s 
guard  of  six  men.  After  remaining  here  over  six  weeks, 
the  party  effected  a conditional  surrender;  left  the  powder 
in  a useless  condition,  and  landed  safely  at  Trieste,  where 
Dr.  Obermiller  resigned  his  commission,  retiring  honorably 
from  the  service  of  his  country.  He  paid  a short  farewell 
visit  to  his  mother  (his  father  having  died  while  the  doctor 
was  in  the  field);  he  started  for  America,  via  Antwerp. 
After  a voyage  of  forty-two  days  he  landed  in  New  York, 
July  24th,  1848.  Thence  he  went  to  Tiffin,  Seneca  county, 
Ohio,  where  his  brother,  a priest  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  was  stationed.  Here  he  performed  many  success- 
ful cures  in  chronic  and  other  diseases,  and  built  up  a large 
practice  through  northern  Ohio  and  southern  Michigan. 
January  ist,  1872,  Dr.  Obermiller  removed  to  Toledo,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  enjoying  a large  and  lucrative  practice. 
During  his  professional  career  he  has  discovered  many  valu- 
able remedies  for  fevers,  consumption,  lung  and  kidney 
diseases,  diabetes,  cancer,  etc.  In  1870  he  built  a handsome 
block  on  St.  Clair  street,  Toledo,  which  he  occupies  as  a 
residence  and  office.  He  has  invested  the  greater  part  of 
his  surplus  funds  (all  made  in  his  practice)  in  Michigan  and 
prairie  lands.  May  13th,  1852,  he  married  Mary  Borke,  a 
finely-educated  lady,  of  Tiffin,  Ohio.  By  this  marriage  he 
has  one  son  and  three  daughters.  The  son  and  eldest 
daughter  have  shown  marked  talent  for  portrait  and  land- 
scape painting,  and  have  produced  some  works  of  decided 
merit,  without  any  instruction.  Dr.  Obermiller  and  his 
family  are  held  in  high  respect  by  all  who  know  them, 
being  people  of  culture  and  refinement. 


.WVSON,  BA.SS,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born,  April 
17th,  1799,  in  the  town  of  Orange,  Franklin 
county,  Massachusetts,  and  is  a son  of  the  late 
Samuel  Rawson,  also  a native  of  that  .State.  He 
is  one  of  five  brothers,  who  removed  from  Massa- 
chusetts at  an  early  day  and  settled  iti  Ohio. 
Four  of  them  were  practising  physicians,  including  Dr.  L. 
Q.  Rawson,  of  Fremont  (whose  biographical  sketch  appears 
elsewhere  in  this  volume).  The  fifth  brother  was  the  late 
Hon.  Abel  Rawson,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Tiffin,  Ohio. 
Dr.  Rawson  is  one  of  the  sixth  generation  of  the  Rawson 
family  in  direct  descent  from  Edward  Rawson,  who  left 
England  in  1836,  and  was  the  honored  .Secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  colony  from  1650  to  1686.  All  of  the  Raw- 
sons  in  the  United  States,  with  one  exception  only,  trace 


their  origin  to  this  Edward  Rawson,  whose  descendants  at 
the  present  day,  according  to  a genealogical  book,  very  coin- 
plete,  published  at  Boston  by  the  family  in  1875,  number 
over  5450  names,  as  recorded  in  the  work,  the  youngest 
being  in  the  ninth  generation.  Dr.  Rawson’s  youthful  days 
were  passed  at  home,  working  at  times  on  a farm,  and  in 
attendance  upon  the  country  schools.  At  a later  period  he 
was  jilaced  to  learn  the  trade  of  a hatter,  and  worked  at  it 
until  he  was  about  twenty  years  old.  As  the  busine.ss  did 
not  agree  with  him,  his  health  becoming  impaired,  he  de- 
cided to  abandon  it  and  qualify  himself  for  a profession. 
He  accordingly  entered  the  academy  at  New  Salem  and 
went  through  a course  of  study,  and  subsequently  was  en- 
gaged in  teaching  at  interv'als  until  he  was  about  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  Having  married,  he  went  to  Ravenna,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  a few  months,  and  then  returned  east- 
ward as  far  as  Otsego  county.  New  York,  where  he  located 
in  Richfield,  where  his  wife  had  friends,  and,  having  pur- 
chased a small  property,  resumed  his  avocation  of  school 
teaching.  He  had,  previously  to  leaving  Massachusetts, 
been  reading  medicine  for  a few  months,  and  he  now  began 
to  study  that  science  systematically  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  Thomas,  of  Richfield,  and  in  1827  attended  the  lectures 
at  Dartmouth  College.  In  1828  he  remov'ed  to  Ohio,  and 
sojourned  fora  little  over  a year  with  his  brother.  Dr.  Secre- 
tary Rawson,  in  practice  in  Medina  county.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  proceeded  to  the  new  town  of  Findley,  then  in 
the  wilderness,  and  where  he  finally  settled.  At  that  period 
there  was  no  practising  physician,  save  himself,  in  the  town, 
and  his  advent  with  his  family  in  that  region  is  still  remem- 
bered by  many  as  an  occasion  of  rejoicing.  He  entered 
there  upon  an  active  practice,  which  continued  with  but 
little  cessation  for  over  forty  years.  Though  he  was  never 
blessed  with  a robust  constitution,  bis  health  had  become 
very  much  impaired  by  close  a]iplication  to  study  prior  to 
his  removal  to  Ohio  ; but  he  found  great  benefit  in  the  active 
life  and  the  long  horseback  rides,  which  were  then  incident 
to  practice  in  a new  country,  where  there  were  no  roads 
worthy  of  the  name,  and  by  this  continued  healthy  exercise 
he  gained  both  physical  strength  and  endurance.  He  was 
for  many  years  the  leading  physician  in  that  region,  and 
known  as  a most  successful  practitioner.  Since  1870  he  has 
endeavored  to  withdraw  from  active  professional  pursuits, 
but  some  of  his  old  patrons  yet  insist  upon  receiving  his 
medical  advice,  so  that  he  still  goes  out  to  attend  such  calls. 
He  has  always  been  ready  to  give  to  deserving  objects,  pub- 
lic or  private,  and  especially  in  promoting  the  welfare  of  his 
own  church  and  society.  For  his  kindred,  whether  near  or 
distant,  he  entertains  warm  feelings  of  attachment,  often 
evidencing  this  to  one  and  another,  as  occasion  offers,  in 
many  quiet  but  substantial  w.ays.  Since  the  death  of  his 
wife  a young  niece  has  been  his  housekeeper,  and  he  still 
resides  in  the  plain,  substantial  frame-house,  which  was 
among  the  first  erected  in  Findley,  on  the  main  street,  front- 
ing the  public  square.  Locating  there  when  the  country  was 


BIOGRArmCAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


621 


a wilderness,  he  has  endured  with  othere  the  hardships  and 
privations  of  a frontier  life,  but  is  at  last  able  to  discern  the 
silver  lining  of  the  dark  cloud  which  hung  so  heavily  around 
all  in  their  once  new  Western  home.  He  was  married,  in 
May,  1824,  to  Amanda  Blackmer,  of  Greenwich,  Massachu- 
setts ; she  died  in  1874.  Their  daughter  and  only  child, 
Harriet  E.  Amanda,  married  Dr.  William  D.  Carlin,  of 
P'indley,  who  was  a surgeon  in  the  army,  and  died  in  1862, 
while  in  the  service.  She  died  in  1870,  leaving  three  chil- 
dren ; one  of  these  is  a physician,  and  another  the  wife  of 
C.  T.  Doudon,  a resident  of  Toledo. 


'IFE,  JAMES,  Banker  and  Farmer,  was  born, 
August  19th,  1798,  in  the  county  Tyrone,  Ire- 
land. He  is  the  first  of  five  children  of  William 
Fife  and  Mary  McCoy,  both  of  whom  were  born 
and  died  in  the  county  Tyrone,  and  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Seceder  Church.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  worked  on  a farm  and  attended  school  until  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age.  In  1817  he  came  to  America  and 
settled  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  secured  a situation  as  clerk 
in  the  dry-goods  store  of  Paxton  & Pierson.  In  1818  he 
went  to  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  where  he  passed  a year 
as  clerk  in  a store.  January  8th,  1819,  he  went  to  Wilming- 
ton, Clinton  county,  where  he  has  since  resided.  P'or  two 
years  after  settling  in  Wilmington  Mr.  Fife  was  engaged  as 
a clerk.  In  1821  he  purchased  his  employer’s  stock  and  be- 
gan busine.ss  on  his  own  account.  He  continued  in  business, 
sometimes  being  associated  with  a partner,  until  the  close  of 
the  rebellion.  Since  then  Mr.  P'ife  has  given  his  attention 
mainly  to  the  care  of  his  farm  and  his  interests  as  a stock- 
holder and  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wilming- 
ton, together  with  the  supervision  of  his  extensive  real  estate. 
He  has  studiously  avoided  a political  life,  with  great  reluc- 
tance consenting  to  run  as  a Presidential  Elector  for  Martin 
Van  Buren.  P'ormerly  a Jackson  Democrat,  he  is  now  a 
Liberal.  His  life  has  been  markcul  by  temperance,  industry, 
thrift,  and  integrity  beyond  reproach.  Careful  in  business, 
he  is  genial  and  agreeable  in  his  social  relations.  November 
28th,  1819,  Mr.  P’ife  married  Jane  Dillon,  of  North  Carolina, 
who  died  in  1830,  leaving  four  children.  In  1831  he  mar- 
ried Catherine  M.  Moon,  of  Virginia.  In  1876  he  married 
Nancy  M.  Bosworth. 


C jpjfjAFF,  GE 
f'f  the  cot 
I county, 

x\- 


GEORGE  WERTZ,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
country,  in  Tuscarawas  township.  Stark 
Ohio,  on  March  24th,  1825.  His  parents 
were  William  and  Mary  (Wertz)  Raffensperger, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father’s  ancestors 
came  to  Ameriea  from  Westphalia,  Germany,  be- 
fore the  Revolution,  in  which  they  participated.  He  him- 
self is  the  oldest  of  a family  now  consisting  of  four  brothers 


and  a sister.  When  he  was  about  six  months  old  his  father, 
who  was  a blacksmith,  removed  to  Canton,  the  county  seat, 
where  he  lived  for  six  years  and  a half ; then  returned  to 
Tuscarawas  township,  and  in  three  years  moved  to  Bethle- 
hem, in  the  same  county.  During  these  years  George  W. 
attended  the  public  schools,  which  were  held  but  for  three 
months  in  the  year,  and  in  them  was  instructed  only  in  the 
lowest  branehes  of  an  English  edueation.  His  father  was 
poor,  and  could  not  afford  to  send  him  to  better  schools. 
Teachers  in  those  days  in  Ohio  were  very  inefficient,  and  it 
was  an  uncommon  thing  to  find  one  who  could  go  beyond 
reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic  as  far  as  and  including  the 
“ rule  of  three.”  When  the  lad  was  twelve  years  of  age  his 
uncle,  Daniel  Raffensperger,  who  had  been  elected  County 
Recorder,  gave  him  a situation  in  his  office,  where  he  re- 
mained several  months,  and  was  then  placed  in  a country 
store  to  learn  the  business  of  clerking.  In  1840  his  father 
died,  and  from  that  time  until  his  marriage  the  care  of  his 
mother’s  family,  with  the  support  of  his  younger  brothers 
and  sisters,  devolved  upon  him.  When  this  event  occurred 
he  was  clerking  in  Bethlehem,  and  he  so  continued  until 
the  fall  of  1844,  when  his  uncle  Daniel,  who  was  Clerk  of 
the  county  courts,  offered  him  the  Deputy-Clerkship,  which 
he  accepted.  During  the  years  of  his  mercantile  clerkship 
he  had  endeavored  to  improve  every  moment  of  leisure  in 
reading,  and  otherwise  “making  up”  for  his  lack  of  educa- 
tion. But  the  range  of  books  to  which  he  had  access  was 
very  limited,  and  it  was  not  until  he  entered  his  uncle’s 
office,  and  obtained  the  advantages  afforded  by  a residence 
in  a county  town  of  some  proportions,  that  he  W’as  able  to 
make  much  i)rogress  in  the  course  of  self-education  which 
he  had  planned  out,  and  to  which  his  limited  circumstances 
confined  him.  He  remained  Deputy-Clerk  for  six  years. 
In  1848  he  w'as  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Sui)rcme  Court  for 
the  county,  and  filled  the  office  in  connection  with  his  dep- 
utyship.  He  also  commenced  the  study  of  the  law  in  this 
year.  In  1850  the  members  of  his  grandfather’s  family, 
then  living,  with  one  exception,  and  a number  of  others 
bearing  the  same  name,  consummated  a ])urpose  which  they 
had  long  had  under  consideration,  namely,  an  abbreviation 
of  the  family  name.  P'or  many  years  previously  they  had 
been  familiarly  known  by  the  name  of  “ Raff,”  and  this 
had  become  so  universal  that  the  name  was  even  more  fre- 
quently thus  written  by  their  friends  than  the  correct  one, 
and  strangers  being  thus  often  misled,  much  embarrassment 
was  caused  the  family.  In  addition,  the  different  branches 
of  the  family  were  spelling  the  full  name  so  variously  that 
confusion  was  created,  while  investigation  disclosed  that  the 
original  name  of  the  family  was  “ Ravensberg.”  'I'hese 
considerations  induced  the  change,  which  was  accomplished 
without  legislative  action,  and  without  causing  the  least  In- 
convenience to  themselves  or  friends.  In  1850  George  W. 
Raff  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  succeed- 
ing year  he  was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  the  county.  Dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  he  conceived  the  purpose  of  preparing 


622 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


a “ Guide  for  Executors  and  Adniinistratore  in  the  State  of 
Ohio,”  which  he  subsequently  (in  1857)  carried  into  effect. 
He  remained  in  office  until  February,  1855,  when  he  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Canton,  Ohio.  On  De- 
cember l8th,  1855,  he  was  married  to  Belinda  J.,  daughter 
of  Frederick  A.  and  Rebecca  Schneider.  Two  sons,  one 
nineteen  and  the  other  seventeen  years  of  age,  are  the  fruits 
of  this  marriage,  which  has  been  a very  happy  one,  his  part- 
ner being  a truly  noble  woman.  He  continued  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law  until  the  spring  of  1871,  during  which  time  he 
prepared  three  additional  works — a “Pension  Manual;” 
“ Road-Laws  of  Ohio,”  and  “ War  Claimant’s  Guide.” 
The  “ Guide  to  Executors  and  Administrators  ” has  run 
into  the  fourth  edition,  and  the  road-book  into  a second. 
Both  have  become  standard  authority  in  the  State.  In  1871, 
finding  that  the  demands  of  a heavy  legal  practice  were 
seriously  threatening  his  health,  as  well  as  wearing  upon  his 
mental  faculties,  he  accepted  the  position  of  legal  adviser 
and  confidential  secretary  to  Cornelius  Aultman,  Esq.,  the 
well-known  manufacturer  of  agricultural  implements  and 
owner  of  a large  number  of  valuable  patents.  In  this  posi- 
tion, which  he  still  occupies,  he  has  found  the  relief  from 
mental  strain  which  he  sought  in  accepting  it.  He  is  a man 
of  large  ability,  and  is  highly  respected  and  esteemed  in  a 
wide  circle  as  a lawyer,  a citizen  and  a gentleman. 


ASSETT,  EDWARD  P.,  Lawyer,  was  born,  Oc- 
tober 22d,  1818,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  of  New 
England  parentage;  both  father  and  mother  were 
natives  of  New  Haven  county,  Connecticut.  He 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1831,  and  located  at  first  in 
Portage  county,  of  which  he  was  elected  Sheriff  in 
1839,  and  served  in  that  office  until  1845.  Meanwhile  he 
read  law  under  the  supervision  of  Hon.  Luther  Day,  after- 
wards a Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1845,  and  two  years  thereafter  removed 
to  Toledo,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  was  con- 
stantly engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  t86l. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  in  1854,  and  to  that  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  March  7th, 
1861.  He  was  commissioned.  May  l6th,  1861,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Postmaster  of  Toledo,  and  retained  that  position 
until  July,  1865.  His  political  predilections  led  him  to  adopt 
the  tenets  of  the  old  Whig  party,  and  when  it  ceased  to  exist 
he  adopted  the  principles  of  Republicanism.  He  regards 
the  most  exciting  and  imposing  public  events,  of  which  he 
was  an  eye-witness,  to  have  been  the  Fort  Meigs  Political 
Convention  of  1840;  the  Chicago  Convention,  that  nomi- 
nated Lincoln  in  i860;  and  his  inauguration  at  Washington 
in  1861  ; while  the  impromptu  gathering  of  the  citizens  of 
Toledo,  at  White’s  Hall,  on  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  the 
President’s  assassination,  April  15th,  1861,  he  deems  the 


most  solemn  and  impressive  scene  he  ever  witnessed.  Hav- 
ing been  an  active  participant  in  partisan  politics  for  a quarter 
of  a century,  he  is  impressed  with  the  truth  of  the  saying  of 
Confucius,  that  “ The  superior  man  is  catholic,  and  no  par- 
tisan; ” and  that  great  good  would  result  to  our  republic 
could  all  violent  partisans  be  similarly  impressed. 


LLBRITAIN,  RICHARD  LEE,  School  Superin- 
tendent, was  born,  June  i8th,  1839,  in  Muskin- 
gum county,  Ohio,  of  American  parentage.  His 
father  was  a farmer  by  occupation,  who  removed 
from  Virginia  about  1825.  Richard  lived  on  a 
farm  until  he  was  twenty  years  old,  and  attended 
school  during  the  winter  seasons.  In  1859  he  commenced 
teaching  the  common  school  in  Guernsey  county.  During 
the  civil  war  he  ’entered  the  army  as  a private  soldier, 
August  22d,  1861,  and  participated  in  many  engagements. 
He  was  severely  wounded  at  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  May 
20th,  1863.  Having  recovered,  he  rejoined  his  regiment 
and  served  with  them  until  honorably  discharged,  August 
24th,  1865.  During  his  four  years’  connection  with  the 
army  he  served  as  private,  corporal,  sergeant  and  quarter- 
master, and  in  May,  1865,  was  commissioned  as  First  Lieu- 
tenant. After  his  return  to  civil  life  he  attended  Muskingum 
College  during  l866,  and  then  resumed  his  avocation  as  a 
school  teacher.  In  1869  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  Noble 
county,  Ohio;  but  having  favored  the  nomination  of  Horace 
Greeley  in  1872,  was  defeated  at  the  election,  having  been 
again  a candidate  for  the  same  office.  He  is  at  present 
Superintendent  of  the  Caldwell  schools,  having  been  chosen 
to  that  position  in  the  spring  of  1873,  and  these  seminaries 
have  improved  much  under  his  supervision.  He  has  been 
an  industrious,  painstaking,  useful  citizen,  and  has  risen  to 
his  present  position  by  his  own  efforts,  never  having  received 
any  assistance  whatever.  He  was  married,  October  7th, 
1867,  to  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Halley. 


ODGERS,  ROBERT,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land county,  Pennsylvania,  September  26th,  1807. 
His  parents  were  James  and  Jane  (Quigley)  Rod- 
gers, both  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  He  received 
his  education  in  a private  school  in  Shippensburg, 
and  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  a private  office 
in  th**  same  town.  Having  attended  lectures  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  he  received  his  diploma  from  that 
institution  in  1828,  and  immediately  began  practice  at  Ne\v 
Hope,  Bucks  county,  where  he  remained  three  years. 
Thereafter  he  practised  at  Newville  for  one  year,  and  then 
moving  West  settled  for  a year  at  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  leav- 
ing there  for  Springfield  in  1833,  where  he  has  ever  since 
remained.  There  is  little  to  be  said  of  a life  as  quiet  as 


BIOGRAPIIICAL  ENCVCLOPiEDIA. 


623 


that  which  ordinarily  falls  to  the  lot  of  a physician.  Dr. 
Rodgers’  life  has  been  successful,  and  happily  the  life  of  a 
doctor  cannot  be  successful  without  being  useful.  lie  ar- 
rived in  Springfield  when  the  city  was  a mere  village,  and 
has  been  identified  with  its  growth  and  progress.  Just  be- 
fore moving  there  in  the  spring  of  1833  returned  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  married  Efifie  Harrison,  of  Lebanon 
county.  With  her  he  has  seven  children  : John  H. ; Isaac 
Ward  ; Richard  Hemy ; James  Godman  ; Frances  ; Sarah 
Elizabeth ; and  one  who  died  in  infancy. 


ALEY,  PATRICK  FRANCIS,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
Surgeon,  and  Coroner  of  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
was  born  in  county  Mayo,  Ireland,  January  15th, 
1838,  and  attended  school  in  that  county  until  he 
reached  his  fourteenth  year,  when  he  emigrated 
with  family  to  the  United  States.  Upon  their 
arrival  in  1851,  they  settled  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
where  Mr.  Maley’s  education  was  completed.  It  was  scho- 
lastic in  character,  and  embraced  a number  of  the  higher 
branches  of  study.  Upon  leaving  school  he  went  to  learn 
the  drug  business  with  J.  P.  White,  of  Cincinnati,  with 
whom  he  remained  seven  years,  mastering  in  that  time  all 
the  details  of  that  trade,  and  graduating  from  the  College 
of  Pharmacy.  He  then  commenced  to  read  medicine  with 
Dr.  John  A.  Thacher,  of  the  same  city,  and  during  his 
course  of  reading  attended  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Medi 


cine  and  Surgery,  from  which  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  in  1861.  He  at  once  engaged  in  practice,  but 
within  a short  time  of  his  entrance  upon  professional  duties 
was  appointed  Assistant-Surgeon  in  the  United  States  navy, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  western  flotilla.  At  Helena,  Ar- 
kansas, he  contracted  the  swamp  fever,  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  1862  was  compelled  to  resign  from  the  service. 
Upon  his  recovery  he  resumed  practice  in  Cincinnati,  which 
was  continued  for  a short  time,  and  was  then  again  inter- 
rupted by  his  application  to  Assistant  Surgeon-General 


Wood,  whose  head-quarters  were  at  St.  Louis,  for  a position. 
Having  pissed  the  requisite  examination  and  being  found 
fully  qualified,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, Missouri.  On  September  22d,  1863,  he  was  ordered 
to  join  Rosecrans  at  Chattanooga,  and  did  so  just  before  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga.  As  a token  of  the  esteem  of  the 
officers  and  patients  of  his  hospital  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
they  presented  him  before  his  departure  for  the  South  with 
a silver  ice  pitcher  and  salver.  On  his  way  to  Chattanooga 
he  had  to  travel  seventy  miles  over  the  mountains  on  foot, 
and  lost  all  his  instruments  and  personal  effects  by  the  cap- 
ture of  the  wagon  train  accompanying  him  and  his  compan- 
ions by  the  enemy.  Upon  arriving  at  Rosecrans’  head- 
quarters he  was  immediately  placed  on  duty  at  Cutchfield 
Hotel,  which  had  been  converted  into  a hospital.  He  was 
subsequently  ordered  to  escort  a train  of  sick  and  wounded 


men  to  Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  he  resigned  in  1864. 
He  a third  time  entered  upon  his  professional  practice,  and 
carried  it  on  with  great  success,  enjoying  in  a comparatively 
short  time  a very  large  patronage.  He  was  chosen  a mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Cincinnati,  and  served 
with  distinction  for  five  years,  having  been  three  times  re- 
elected. In  1867  he  was  elected  to  the  City  Council  from 
the  F'ourth  ward,  and  was  re-elected  in  1868,  and  served 
with  credit  and  efficiency.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  office  in  1870,  he  devoted  his  whole  time  and  energy  to 
his  professional  calling  until  the  death  of  Dr.  Dougherty, 
County  Coroner,  in  the  latter  part  of  1872,  when  he  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  At  the  general  election  in 
1873  chosen  to  the  same  office,  and  in  October, 

1874,  was  re-elected  for  two  years,  and  new  exercises  the 
duties  of  the  office.  He  has  shown  his  complete  qualifica- 
tion for  this  public  trust,  and  the  honors  of  the  re-elections 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  public,  indicate  that  the  people 
of  Cincinnati  are  amply  satisfied  with  the  care  and  fidelity 
with  which  he  discharges  his  duties.  He  was  married  on 
April  23d,  1861,  to  Josephine  E.,  daughter  of  A.  C.  Hol- 
combe, a native  of  Virginia,  who  was  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers of  Cincinnati. 


YERS,  PHILIP  VAN  NESS,  Lawyer  and  Author, 
was  born,  August  loth,  1846,  at  Tribes  Hill, 
Montgomery  county.  New  York.  His  father, 
Jacob  Myers,  was  a physician,  and  of  Dutch 
descent.  Through  his  mother  he  was  allied  to 
the  Morris  family,  whose  genealogy,  carefully 
preserved  in  some  of  its  branches,  is  carried  back  to  Elystan 
Glodrydd,  a British  chieftain,  prince  of  Ferbys,  founder  of 
the  fourth  royal  tribe  of  Wales.  The  ancestor  of  the  branch 
of  the  family  in  America  was  Thomas  Morris,  who  arrived 
in  Massachusetts  in  1637.  The  following  year  he  removed 
from  Boston  to  Quinnipiac,  now  New  Haven,  where  he 
purchased  the  tract  of  land  still  known  as  Morris’s  Point. 
In  1850  the  parents. of  Philip  Van  Ness  Myers  removed  to 
.Saratoga  Springs,  W'here  he  received  his  first  academic 
training.  Completing  his  preparation  for  college  at  Ballston 
Spa,  New  York,  he  entered  Williams  College,  Massachusetts, 
in  1866,  becoming  a member  of  the  class  of  ’68.  While  a 
student  at  Williams  he  was  chosen  by  the  Lyceum  of  Natu- 
ral History  of  that  institution  a member  of  a scientific  expe- 
dition to  South  America.  The  party,  comprising  seven 
persons,  made  an  adventurous  and  successful  journey  across 
the  continent  along  the  line  of  the  equator.  Philip  Myers 
in  connection  with  his  brother,  H.  M.  Myers,  gave  the 
public  the  results  of  this  expedition  in  a volume  entitled 
“ Life  and  Nature  under  the  Tropics.”  At  the  close  of  his 
college  course  he  assumed  the  principalshi])  of  Pompey 
Academy,  New  York,  giving  up  this  position  after  one  year 
to  take  charge  of  Naples  Academy  in  the  same  .State.  The 
year  1871  he  spent  at  Williamstown,  Massachusetts,  devot- 


624 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


ing  himself  to  studies  preparatory  to  a contemplated  tour 
around  the  world.  In  1872,  accompanied  by  the  brother 
already  mentioned  as  his  companion  in  South  American 
travels,  he  visited  Europe,  and  the  following  year  made  ex- 
tended journeys  through  several  of  the  c,junlries  of  Asia 
which  lie  out  of  the  usual  course  of  travellers.  The  sites 
of  Palmyra,  Nineveh,  Babylon,  and  Persepolis  were  visited, 
and  several  months  were  spent  by  the  brothers  among  the 
Himalayas  of  India,  the  hot  season  of  the  Indian  year  being 
thus  turned  to  account  in  botanical  and  geological  studies. 
His  brother  having  died  of  fever  in  India,  P.  V.  N.  Myers 
upon  his  return  home  commenced  the  preparation  of  a his- 
tory which  should  embrace  the  results  of  their  united  travels 
in  Asia.  This  work,  under  the  title  “ Remains  of  Lost 
Empires,”  was  issued  by  Harper  & Brothers  in  the  fall  of 
1874.  The  work  soon  passed  through  two  editions.  While 
engaged  in  the  preparation  of  the  above-named  volume  for 
the  press,  Mr.  Myers  was  prosecuting  the  study  of  the  law 
at  the  Yale  Law  School.  He  here  divided  with  a fellow- 
student  the  prize,  open  to  both  classes,  for  the  best  essay  on 
the  constitutional  law  of  the  United  States.  In  1874  he  re- 
moved to  Columbus,  Ohio,  continuing  there  his  legal 
studies.  The  following  year  he  was  married  to  Ida  C.  Miller, 
of  Pompey  Hill,  New  York.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1875,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the 
law  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 

ILKISON,  D-WID,  Lake  Captain  and  Farmer, 
was  born,  February  23d,  1800,  in  Warren  county. 
New  York.  He  lost  both  parents  in  early  youth, 
and  was  left  to  his  own  resources,  consequently 
he  received  but  a limited  education.  When  four- 
teen years  old  he  went  to  Cleveland,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  shipped  on  the  schooner  “ Black  Snake,”  under 
his  uncle,  Jacob  Wilkison,  and  in  1815  that  vessel  landed 
at  Swan  Creek  some  passengers  who  settled  at  Perrysburg 
on  the  Maumee  river.  This  was  just  at  the  close  of  the  war 
with  Great  Britain,  and  Fort  Meigs  was  then  garrisoned  by 
United  States  troops.  Fishing  was  the  principal  occupation 
of  the  inhabitants.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was 
promoted  to  the  command  of  the  “ Black  Snake,”  and  to 
that  of  the  schooner  “ Pilot”  in  the  following  year.  This 
latter  vessel  plied  between  the  Maumee  river  and  Buffalo. 
He  continued  to  sail  different  vessels  until  1835;  among 
these  was  the  schooner  “ Eagle,”  which  he  had  built,  in 
1828,  at  Port  Lawrence,  now  Toledo.  In  1835  he  took 
command  of  the  steamer  “ Commodore  Perry,”  which 
traded  between  Buffalo  and  Chicago  for  ten  years,  and  he 
then  was  transferred  to  the  “ Superior,”  in  which  he  re- 
mained until  1852,  when  he  retired  from  the  lakes,  and 
went  to  his  farm  near  Penysburg.  He  subsequently  had 
charge  of  the  lighthouse  in  Maumee  Bay  for  two  years.  He 
suffered  for  some  years  from  loss  of  eyesight,  wKich  was 
partially  relieved  by  an  operation,  a year  or  two  previous  to 


his  death.  During  his  long  career  he  was  known  as  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  popular  of  lake  captains,  and  was  a man 
of  great  kindness  of  heart  and  geniality  of  disposition, 
whereby  he  won  his  way  to  the  esteem  of  his  acquaintances. 
His  independence  of  character  ever  prompted  him  to  self- 
reliance  and  unremitting  efforts.  After  a residence  of  fifty- 
eight  years  on  the  Maumee  river  he  passed  away  amid  a 
scene  which  contrasted  greatly  with  that  which  first  pre- 
sented itself  to  his  youthful  eye.  He  was  married,  Novem- 
ber 27t!i,  1827,  to  Caroline  M.,  daughter  of  John  G.  Forbes, 
who  had  removed,  in  1825,  from  Manlius,  Onondaga  county. 
New  York,  to  Port  Lawrence,  Ohio.  He  was  the  father 
of  five  children,  all  of  whom  are  living:  William  D.,  the 
eldest  son,  is  in  Toledo;  Emeline  IT,  wife  of  Isaac  R. 
Thompson,  of  Perrysburg;  Sarah  IL,  wife  of  H.  H.  Dodge, 
of  the  same  place;  John  E.  Wilkison,  of  the  firm  of  Foster 
& Co.,  bankers,  of  Fostoria  ; and  Caroline  M.,  wife  of  Earl 
W.  Murray,  of  Bowling  Green,  Ohio.  Captain  Wilkison 
died  in  Perrysburg,  September  8th,  1873;  his  widow  yet 
survives  him. 

Q'^I^IEBB,  JOHN,  was  born,  August  27th,  1795,  in 
CiTI  I Lane,  New  York  city.  He  is  the  son  of 

j.  Ill)  John  Webb,  uho  like  his  wife  was  a native  of 
or-ye  Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  a hatter  in  New 
o ^ York  city  until  1798,  when  he  engaged  in  business 
in  Hagerstown,  Maryland.  About  1799  the 
family  removed  to  Durstown,  Northumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania.  Shortly  after  they  went  to  Youngmanstown, 
in  the  same  county,  where  they  remained  until  1814,  when 
they  settled  in  Canton,  Stark  county,  Ohio.  Young  John, 
w ho  was  the  second  of  fourteen  children,  W'ent  to  district 
school  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  when  he  began  to 
learn  the  trade  of  a hatter  with  his  father,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained as  a journeyman  until  he  was  tw'enty-four  years  old, 
when  his  father  took  him  into  partnership.  In  1822  the 
son  sold  out  his  interest  and  w'ent  to  Perrysburg,  Wood 
county.  Perrysburg  had  been  laid  out  five  years  before, 
but  it  was  little  more  than  a town  in  imagination,  without 
inhabitants.  ' Mr.  Webb  helped  to  raise  the  first  log  house 
in  Perrysburg,  where  he  arrived  wdth  a cash  capital  of  $1.25. 
He  was  variously  employed  until  1824,  when  with  the  scanty 
savings  of  two  years  he  bought  tools  and  began  business  as 
a hatter.  This  he  continued  until  1828,  w'hen  he  was 
elected  Sheriff  of  \Vood  county,  filling  the  position  satisfac- 
torily for  two  terms.  From  1832  until  1842  he  was  Clerk 
of  the  County  Court.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  for  a third  time,  serving  four  years.  In  1848  he 
was  elected  County  Clerk  again,  and  held  the  office  until 
i860.  He  has  since  led  a quiet  life,  giving  his  attention 
chiefly  to  farming.  At  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-one, 
after  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life  and  an  active  public 
career,  he  enjoys  good  health  in  the  retirement  of  a comfort- 
able home  in  Perrysburg.  He  still  w'rites  a remarkably 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN’CYCLOIVEDIA. 


625 


plain  hand  He  has  been  married  three  times  : March  8th, 
1S21,  to  Elizabeth  Charles,  at  Canton,  Ohio;  July  l8th, 
i8j4,  to  Maiy  Dean;  February  23d,  1851,  to  Mary  A. 
Jones;  the  two  latter  of  Perrysburg.  Eighteen  children,  of 
whom  eight  are  now  living,  have  been  born  to  him. 


z.n 

CA.aQ 

ODGERS,  JOHN  IL,  M.  D.,  .son  of  Dr.  Robert 
Rodgers,  was  born  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  August 
19th,  1834.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Miami  University,  O.xford,  Ohio,  graduating  in  the 
class  of  1853,  and  at  once  began  the  study  of 
medicine  in  Philadelphia  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  same  institution  whence  his  father  had 
graduated  twenty-eight  years  before.  He  took  his  diploma 
in  1856,  and  returning  to  Springfield,  immediately  joined 
his  father  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  October,  1861, 
he  entered  the  army  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  44th  Regi- 
ment Ohio  Volunteers.  His  service  while  in  this  commis- 
sion was  principally  with  his  regiment  in  West  Virginia  and 
Kentucky.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he  was  promoted  to  Sur- 
geon, and  transferred  to  the  104th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry, 
joining  the  army  of  Burnside  in  East  Tennessee,  and  par- 
ticipating in  the  Atlanta  campaign  in  the  following  year. 
He  retired  from  the  service,  December,  1864,00  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term,  and  resumed  his  practice  in  Springfield. 
After  his  promotion  he  became  chief  of  the  operating  staff 
of  the  2d  Division  of  the  23d  Army  Corps.  The  expe- 
rience acquired  during  his  three  years’  service  was  both  ex- 
tensive and  varied,  and  has  doubtless  materially  contributed 
to  the  high  reputation  he  sustains  among  the  faculty.  May 
2lst,  1857,  he  married  Jane  M.  Sturgeon,  of  Cumberland 
county,  Pennsylvania  who  died  October  20th,  1869,  leaving 
two  sons. 


I HEELER,  SAMUEL  C.,  Lawyer,  was  born  in 
Greencastle,  I'nirfield  county,  Ohio,  September 
i6th,  1828.  His  parents  were  natives  of  America 
and  traced  their  ancestry  to  Germany,  Wales  and 
England.  He  received  a partial  education 
the  district  schools  located  in  the  neighborhood 
of  his  home;  but  secured  much  of  his  general  literary 
knowledge  through  his  own  una.ssisted  efforts.  Upon  relin- 
quishing school  life  at  an  early  age,  he  worked  on  a farm 
until  his  eighteenth  year  was  attained,  when  he  moved  to 
Lancaster,  Ohio,  where  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  art 
of  saddle  and  harness  making.  After  having  served  his 
time,  he  continued  to  work  at  his  trade,  travelling  through 
Ohio  and  Michigan,  until  he  found  himself  in  Sandusky, 
Erie  county,  Ohio.  When  about  twenty-eight  years  of  age, 
he  commenced,  in  1856,  the  study  of  law  in  ths  office  of 
Judge  A.  W.  Hendry,  under  whose  supervision  he  pursued 
his  studies  with  untiring  ardor  and  perseverance.  He  was 
79 


admitted  to  practise  in  the  State  Courts  in  1859,  and  about 
the  year  1871  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the  United  Stales 
District  Court  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  in  Sandusky,  and  is  widely  recognized  as  an 
able  and  a trustworthy  practitioner  and  solicitor  of  patents. 
He  also  controls  a large  business  in  the  collection  of  pen- 
sions, etc.,  and  as  a collection  and  insurance  agent.  His 
principles  and  sentiments  attach  him  now  to  the  Republican 
party,  although  until  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  he  was  a 
supporter  of  the  Democratic  organization.  In  the  spring  of 
1861,  desirous  of  throwing  in  his  assistance  toward  support- 
ing the  national  government  and  the  venerated  constitution, 
he  enlisted  as  a private  soldier  in  the  7th  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  remained  with  it  in  this  capacity 
until  the  following  winter,  when  he  was  made  Orderly  Ser- 
geant. June  9th,  1862,  he  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Port  Republic,  Shenandoah  valley,  while  in  Shields’  Divi- 
sion, 3d  Brigade,  General  E.  B.  Tyler  commanding.  He 
then  received  a furlough,  and  returned  to  his  home.  Ulti- 
mately, in  the  spring  of  1863,  he  was  discharged  from  the 
service,  in  consequence  of  disability  resulting  from  his 
wound.  He  has  held  several  local  offices  of  trust  in  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  and  is  one  of  the  most  influential  and  re- 
spected citizens  of  the  town.  He  was  married,  P'ebruary 
24th^  1861,  to  Mahala  J.  Karshner,  of  Sandusky,  Ohio. 


ERKINS,  JOHN,  a resident  of  Athens,  Athens 
county,  Ohio,  was  born  on  the  27th  of  December, 
1791,  in  Leicester,  Vermont,  and  was  the  fifth  of 
the  ten  children  of  Dr.  Eliphaz  and  I.ydia  (P'itch) 
Perkins.  Dr.  Perkins  was  born  on  the  21st  of 


August,  1753,  in  Norwich,  Connecticut;  his  wife, 
Lydia,  was  born,  June  14,  1760,  in  Canterbury,  Connecticut, 
at  which  place  they  were  married  on  the  17th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1780.  Dr.  Perkins  w'as  educated  and  it  is  believed 
graduated  at  one  of  the  Eastern  colleges.  Soon  after  leav- 
ing college  he  entered  into  mercantile  business;  but  being 
unfortunate,  and  sustaining  a heavy  loss  at  sen,  he  aban- 
doned the  business,  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine, 
and  as  soon  as  duly  qualified  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the 
medical  profession,  and  continued  to  discharge  them  with 
faithfulness  and  skill  until  advanced  age.  He  removed 
with  his  family  to  Ohio  in  1799,  locating  temporarily  in 
Marietta,  where  he  remained  a few  months,  and  where  his 
wife  died,  leaving  on  his  hands  nine  children,  two  of  which, 
twins,  were  infants,  born  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  while 
the  family  were  on  their  journey.  Their  first  child  had  died 
in  infancy.  In  1800  he  visited  Athens,  at  that  lime  called 
Middletown,  purchased  a cabin  home,  and  .soon  after  re- 
moved his  family  to  it.  At  one  time  after  he  settled  there, 
there  was  only  one  other  family  on  the  plot  where  the  town 
of  Athens  now  stands  ; there  had  been  two  or  three  others, 
but  they  had  left,  and  their  cabins  were  empty.  At  an  early 


626 


BIOGRAPHICAL  encyclop.l;dia. 


dale  a postoSfije  was  established  in  the  place,  and  soon 
after  Dr.  Perkins  was  appointed  Postmaster,  which  office  he 
held  eighteen  or  twenty  years.  Some  two  years  after  the 
death  of  his  first  wife  he  married  Catharine  Greene,  a na- 
tive of  Rhode  Island,  and  near  kin  of  General  Greene,  of 
the  army  of  the  Revolution,  an  excellent  woman,  who  died 
in  1S21.  Not  long  after  this  he  married  his  third  wife,  the 
respected  widow  of  Mr.  Bezaleel  Culver,  of  the  vicinity  of 
Athens,  a good  woman  and  worthy  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  in  Athens.  She  outlived  her  husband  several 
years,  and  died  on  the  27th  of  August,  1837.  Dr.  Perkins 
was  an  early  and  fast  friend  of  the  Ohio  University,  and  for 
a time  its  Treasurer.  He  took  deep  interest  in  the  common 
schools  in  the  country  around.  He  was  a man  of  sterling 
integrity,  ardent  piety,  and  an  efficient  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  Politically  he  was  a Republican.  John 
Perkins,  from  early  childhood,  had  the  benefit  of  moral  and 
religious  training.  He  had  just  entered  on  his  ninth  year 
when  his  mother  died,  but  her  pious  instructions  and  admo- 
nitions were  written  upon  the  young  heart,  never  to  be  ob- 
literated. When  his  father  settled  in  Athens,  school 
advantages  were  very  limited,  but  on  the  opening  of  the 
Ohio  University  there  was  a change  for  the  better.  At  its 
commencement,  however,  there  were  but  three  to  answer  to 
the  first  morning  roll-call.  John  Perkins  was  one  of  that 
number.  He  continued  in  the  institution  several  years, 
principally  engaged  in  English  studies,  giving  some  little 
attention  to  the  Latin,  and  intending  to  take  a regular  col- 
legiate course,  but  his  health  became  impaired,  and  he  found 
it  necessary  to  give  up  his  books,  which  he  did  with  great 
reluctance.  Some  time  after  this,  in  1814,  he  entered  the 
store  of  Messrs.  Skinner  & Chambers,  in  Point  I farmer,  as 
a clerk,  and  served  there  something  over  two  years;  and  in 
1816  he  returned  to  Athens  as  a partner  of  Mr.  William 
Skinner,  above  named,  and  began  a mercantile  business 
there,  under  the  firm  of  John  Perkins  & Co.,  which  con- 
tinued some  eight  years,  when  it  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Per- 
kins taking  the  stock  on  hand  and  continuing  the  business 
in  his  own  name;  and  from  this  time  until  1873  '’6  en- 
gaged exclusively  in  mercantile  business,  sometimes  with 
partners,  though  generally  alone,  but  in  1848  he  made  a 
change  in  the  character  of  his  trade  into  that  of  drugs  and 
medicines.  In  the  year  1821  he  married  Mary  Ann  Hay, 
of  Cambridge,  Washington  county.  New  York.  She  was 
born  on  the  l6th  of  July,  1798.  She  had  a good  education, 
and  was  a woman  of  intelligence  and  refinement.  Some 
lime  after  her  marriage  she  became  a member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  and  so  continued  until  her  death,  which  oc- 
curred on  the  20th  day  of  August,  1841.  She  left  two 
daughters:  Mary  Hay,  born  23d  of  October,  1822,  and  who 
died,  after  a long  and  painful  disease,  on  the  8th  of  May, 
1849;  she  was  an  ardent  Christian  and  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church.  The  second  daughter,  Catharine  Fitch,  was 
born  26th  of  March,  1825  ; she  was  married  on  the  l8th  of 
September,  1845,  Joseph  M.  Dana,  of  Athens,  Ohio, 


a highly  respected  and  prominent  citizen,  and  died  in  the 
joyful  hope  of  a blessed  eternity,  on  the  28th  of  January, 
1848.  She  left  one  son,  John  Perkins  Dana,  who  grew  up 
under  favorable  circumstances,  acquired  a good  education, 
graduated  at  the  Ohio  University,  and  is  now  a practical 
business  man  of  unblemished  character  and  upright  princi- 
ples. John  Perkins  married  his  second  wife,  Nancy  Hamp- 
ton, of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  28lh  of  August, 
1845.  yhe  was  a native  of  London,  England,  and  came  to 
America  in  infancy  with  her  parents,  in  about  the  year  1810, 
who  settled  in,  or  in  the  vicinity  of,  Philadelphia,  where  she 
grew  up,  and  continued  to  reside  until  her  marriage  with 
Mr.  Perkins.  She  was  pious,  and  had  many  good  traits  of 
character,  became  a member  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
early  life,  and  so  continued  until  her  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  20lh  of  July,  1873.  Perkins  is  habitually  tem- 

perate, using  neither  tobacco  nor  strong  drink  of  any  de- 
scription ; is  an  early  riser,  and  now,  in  the  eighty-fifth  year 
of  his  age,  is  remarkably  active  and  healthy,  for  all  which 
he  sincerely  thanks  the  Giver  of  all  good. 


[OYCE,  DANFORTH  IL,  was  born  August  loth, 
1839.  He  is  of  English  descent,  the  son  of 
Daniel  N.  Royce  and  Amanda  Taylor.  His 
father  came  to  Ohio  in  1816,  and  married  in 
Worthington,  Franklin  county,  in  1820.  Dan- 
forth  H.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Columbus,  where  his  parents  resided.  After  leaving  school 
he  went  to  learn  the  trade  of  a machinist  in  the  Little  Miami 
Railroad  shops,  working  there  for  eleven  years.  In  De- 
cember of  1865  he  accepted  a position  as  foreman  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  agricultural  machine  company,  which  he 
held  until  May  ist,  1866,  and  left  to  accept  the  office  of 
President  and  Superintendent  of  the  Franklin  Machine 
Company,  which  he  had  been  active  in  organizing.  As  the 
head  of  the  Franklin  Company,  his  technical  knowledge  and 
business  capacity  have  brought  him  into  great  prominence. 
In  the  spring  of  1875  he  was  nominated  for  Mayor  of  Co- 
lumbus by  the  workingmen,  but  his  large  business  interests 
demanded  his  exclusive  attention,  and  he  was  obliged  to 
decline  the  nomination.  He  is  a member  of  the  Knights 
of  Pythias,  Odd  P^ellows,  and  Red  Men.  Mr.  Royce  mar- 
ried Sallie  A.  Curtis,  February  2d,  1862,  at  Zanesville,  Ohio. 


V ifl  HANSON  L.,  Lawyer,  was  born  on  Indian 

I Creek,  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  September  i6ih, 

Y III  1813.  His  father  was  engaged  in  milling  and 
fo  ^ cjg  farming.  He  resided  with  his  parents  until  near 

majority,  employed  in  active  manual  labor,  or 
in  securing  such  elementary  education  as  was  ob- 
tainable at  that  time  in  the  common  schools  of  the  country. 


BlOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


627 


During  this  period  he  acquired  those  habits  of  industry  and 
the  promptitude  and  energy,  which  were  his  chief  character- 
istics in  after  life.  In  1835  he  settled  in  Georgetown, 
Brown  county,  and  began  the  study  of  law  under  the  guid- 
ance of  George  W.  King,  a prominent  and  an  able  legal 
practitioner.  While  thus  pursuing  his  studies,  he  supported 
himself  by  writing  in  the  Clerk’s  office.  At  the  April  term, 
1S37,  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  Brown  county,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  practise  law  in  the  various  courts  of  the  State. 
Immediately  after  his  admission  he  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  partnership  with  Martin  Marshall,  of 
Augusta,  Kentucky,  who  was  at  that  time  attending  the  va- 
rious courts  of  this  county.  On  him  then  devolved  the 
labor  of  preparing  cases,  and  transacting  the  entire  office 
business,  a task  which  he  performed  with  admirable  exacti- 
tude and  ability.  To  the  investigation  of  his  cases  he 
brought  a thorough  knowledge  of  legal  principles,  a clear 
and  discriminating  judgment,  and  indomitable  energy. 
This  partnership  continued  five  or  six  years,  until  M.  Mar- 
shall, owing  to  age  and  infirmity,  was  compelled  to  relin- 
(juish  his  attendance  at  court.  Erom  this  time  until  1855 
he  continued  in  active  practice,  part  of  the  time  alone  and 
part  of  the  time  in  partnership.  He  was  then  control- 
ling an  extensive  business  in  the  difl'erent  counties  of  his 
judicial  district.  Subsequently,  his  private  business  having 
become  so  extensive  as  to  require  a great  deal  of  attention, 
he  retired  almost  entirely  from  practice,  appearing  only  in 
important  cases,  and  for  his  former  clients.  As  the  result 
of  his  assiduous  devotion  to  his  profession  and  business  he 
amassed  a handsome  fortune.  Also  as  a business  man  he 
had  few  equals,  and  in  every  public  improvement  he  was 
ever  foremost,  while  his  means  and  his  influence  were  never 
withheld  from  any  undertaking  calculated  to  advance  public 
morality,  or  to  promote  the  general  welfare.  No  enterprise 
in  which  he  once  heartily  engaged  ever  failed  to  ultimately 
achieve  success,  while  to  him  more  than  to  any  other  man 
are  the  people  of  Brown  county  indebted  for  the  public  im- 
provements which  have  been  there  carried  to  completion. 
“ In  him  the  needy  and  unfortunate  ever  found  a friend, 
and  the  poor  man  a benefactor.  His  ear  was  ever  open  to 
hear  the  tale  of  want  and  woe,  and  his  purse  to  relieve  suf- 
fering and  distress.”  Strong  in  will,  resolute  in  purpose,  he 
was  true  in  friendship,  loyal  even  as  an  enemy.  Beginning 
life  without  means,  and  without  the  influence  of  powerful 
friends,  he  won  for  himself  not  only  a valuable  estate,  but  a 
high  position  among  the  professional  and  business  men  of 
the  community  which  honored  and  loved  him.  Until  the 
disintegration  of  the  Whig  party,  he  was  intimately  identi- 
fied with  its  organization,  and  labored  zealously  to  insure 
its  success.  He  was  the  President  of  the  Whig  State  Con- 
vention, held  in  Ohio  in  1855,  and  when  the  Know-Nothing 
organization  came  into  being  and  absorbed  so  large  a portion 
of  the  Whig  party,  he  refused  to  countenance  the  movement, 
and  constantly  expressed  his  opposition  to  the  new  princi- 
]des  advocated.  In  the  great  issue  presented  to  the  country 


by  the  Nebraska  bill,  he  took  from  the  first  a decided  stand 
in  favor  of  its  principles.  He  refused  to  participate  in  the 
fusion  which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  Republican 
party.  In  the  Buchanan  and  Breckinridge  campaign,  his 
party  being  disorganized,  he  attached  himself  to  what  he 
believed  to  be  the  party  of  the  Constitution  and  the  Union, 
and  labored  earnestly  and  efficiently  to  secure  the  success  of 
Democratic  measures.  During  the  canvass  he  traversed  the 
several  counties  of  his  Congressional  district,  and  also  various 
counties  in  the  adjoining  State  of  Kentucky,  in  all  of  them 
advocating  his  views  with  ardent  fervor.  “ No  man  in 
southern  Ohio  did  more  for  the  triumph  of  Democratic 
principles  and  the  success  of  Democratic  candidates  than  he. 
The  effect  of  his  labors  was  seen  in  the  result  of  the  election. 
This  Congressional  district  was  redeemed,  and  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate  returned  by  a triumphant  majority.”  He 
died,  of  erysipelas,  in  Georgetown,  Brown  county,  Ohio, 
June  29th,  1857,  in  his  forty-fourth  year. 


AY,  DEMING,  W.  IE,  Soldier,  Contractor,  and 
Lawyer,  was  horn,  I'chruary  12th,  1832,  in  Pick- 
away county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  elde.st  son  of  the 
late  Demvold  G.  and  Ruth  D.ay.  His  father, 
who  was  a contractor,  died  when  his  eldest  son 
was  twelve  years  old,  and  the  latter  was  thus  early 
thrown  on  his  own  resources.  He  attended  the  public 
school  in  Chillicothe,  and  subsecpiently  became  a .student  in 
the  Western  Liberal  Industrial  Institute  at  Marietta,  and  re- 
ceived a diploma  therefrom.  He  shortly  afterwards  became 
a bookkeeper,  and  also  attended  the  Commercial  College  in 
Cincinnati,  where  he  graduated  with  honor  to  himself  and 
the  institution.  He  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Tohn 
and  Ichabod  Corwin.  In  1854  he  removed  to  Wood 
county,  Ohio,  and  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Bowling  Green,  being  the 
first  lawyer  in  that  place  to  open  an  office.  He  succeeded 
in  building  up  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  and  prose- 
cuted nearly  all  the  criminal  cases,  including  those  of  the 
.State  z's.  Walter;  .State  vs.  Franklin,  for  felonious  assault, 
the  defendant  being  convicted,  and  sentenced  to  ten  years’ 
imprisonment ; and  more  recently  in  the  Noble  murder  case 
in  1876.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  entered  the 
service,  and  was  elected  Captain  of  Company  K,  tilth 
Ohio  Volunteers,  and  was  identified  with  General  Rosecrans’ 
command.  He  participated  in  the  pursuit  of  Morgan,  dur- 
ing the  latter’s  raid  into  the  border  States,  in  1863,  and  on 
July  19th  of  that  year  was  at  the  battle  of  Baughton  Island, 
where  1200  of  the  guerillas  were  captured,  and  83  officers. 
These  were  taken  to  Camp  Morgan,  near  Cincinnati,  on 
23d  August  following.  When  the  23d  Army  Corps  was  re- 
organized, he  was  appointed  Chief  of  Ordnance,  on  the 
staff  of  General  Hartzuf,  and  participated  in  the  Knoxville 
campaign.  He  was  next  placed  in  charge  of  all  the  sup)dy 


628 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 


trains  of  the  23d  Army  Corps,  and  was  thus  transferred  from 
the  infantry  to  the  Quartermaster’s  Department.  After  this 
corps  was  mustered  out,  in  North  Carolina,  in  1865,  he  con- 
tinued in  the  servdce  as  Assistant  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the 
Department  of  North  Carolina  until  the  following  year,  when 
he  received  the  appointment  of  Quartermaster  General  of 
Ohio,  and  .served  as  such  through  the  administration  of 
Governor  Co.x  and  a part  of  that  of  Governor  Hayes.  In 
1868  he  look  the  contract  for  building  the  Lunatic  Asylum, 
at  Athens,  Ohio,  which  he  erected,  and  commenced  also  the 
building  of  the  Central  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Columbus.  He, 
however,  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  latter  contract,  and 
went  to  Chicago  after  the  great  fire  in  that  city,  where 
he  erected  several  large  structures.  He  returued  to 
Bowling  Green  in  the  spring  of  1S73,  where  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  been  a Republican 
in  politics,  ever  since  the  formation  of  that  party.  He  was 
married,  June  6th,  1854,  to  Adelia  A.  Williams,  and  has 
four  children,  two  daughters  and  two  sons,  all  living,  viz., 
Ellen  Gertrude,  Helen  Mary,  Frederick  Williams,  and 
Rudolph  Merriam. 


^Qyudlow, 

J : (3  west  Tei 
4 1765,  at 


ISRAEL,  First  Surveyor  of  the  North- 
Territory,  now  Ohio,  was  born,  in  the  year 
Long  Hill  Farm,  near  Morristown,  New 
Q Jersey,  where  his  father,  Cornelius  Ludlow,  re- 
sided.  He  was  of  English  ancestry,  his  grand- 
father having  left  Shropshire,  England,  at  the  time 
of  the  restoration  of  the  Stuarts,  to  escape  the  persecutions 
of  the  crown,  as  the  Ludlow  family  had  espoused  the  cause 
of  the  Parliament,  and  had  taken  a prominent  part  in  the 
affair's  of  the  commonwealth.  Sir  Edmund  Ludlow,  the 
head  of  the  family  at  that  time,  was  banished  from  England, 
and  died  in  exile  at  Vevay,  Switzerland.  In  1787  Israel 
Ludlow  received  the  following  letter  from  the  Surveyor- 
General  and  Geographer  of  the  United  States  : 


To  Israel  Iaidi.ow,  Esq.  : 

Dear  Sir : I enclose  an  ordinance  of  Congress,  of  the 
20th  instant,  by  which  you  will  observe  they  have  agreed  to 
the  sale  of  a large  tract  of  land,  which  the  New  Jersey  So- 
ciety have  contracted  to  purchase.  As  it  will  be  necessai-y 
to  survey  the  boundary  of  this  tract  with  all  convenient 
speed,  that  the  United  States  may  receive  the  jrayment  for 
the  same,  I propose  to  appoint  you  for  that  purpose,  being 
assured  of  your  abilities,  diligence  and  integrity.  I hope 
you  will  accept  it,  and  desire  you  will  furnish  me  with  an 
estimate  of  the  expense,  and  inform  me  what  moneys  will 
be  necessary  to  advance  to  you  to  execute  the  same. 

I am,  dear  sir,  yours, 

Thomas  Hutchins, 
Surveyor- General  of  the  United  States. 

He  accepted  the  appointment,  received  his  instructions 
and  an  order  on  the  frontier  posts  for  a sufficient  escort  to 
enable  him  to  prosecute  the  surveys  ; but  the  extreme  weak- 
ness of  the  military  force  in  the  Northwest  Territory-*-as 


Ohio  was  then  called — left  him  in  a vei'y  hazardous  and  ex- 
posed condition.  His  great  energy,  bodily  strength  and 
personal  beauty,  however,  soon  attracted  the  attention  and 
admiration  of  the  Indians,  and  won  friends  and  safety  for 
his  little  band,  where  the  tomahawk  and  scalping-knife 
would,  but  for  these,  have  been  used  against  them.  There 
are  letters  still  preserved  from  General  Joseph  Harmer,  ad- 
dressed to  Israel  Ludlow,  of  date  of  1787,  and  August  28th, 
1788,  which  speak  of  the  impossibility  of  affording  him  an 
adequate  escort,  and  of  the  danger  of  his  pursuing  the  sur- 
vey at  that  time ; but  such  danger  and  privations  incurred 
by  him  did  not  deter  the  prosecution  of  the  work. 
In  1789  he  became  associated  with  Mathias  Denman  and 
Robert  Patterson  in  the  proprietorship — to  the  extent  of  one- 
third — of  the  settlement  about  Fort  Washington,  which  was 
to  be  called  by  the  whimsical  name  of  Losantiville,  a com- 
pound word,  intended  to  express  “ the  city  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Licking.”  To  it,  however,  was  given  the 
more  euphonious  appellation  of  Cincinnati  by  Israel  Ludlow, 
in  honor  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  revolutionary  officers, 
of  which  his  father  was  a member,  and  which  society  was 
much  criticised  at  that  time.  Late  in  the  autumn  of  1789 
Colonel  Ludlow  commenced  a survey  of  the  town,  which 
has  since  become  the  “ Queen  City  of  the  West.”  In  1790 
White’s,  Covolt’s,  and  Ludlow  Stations  were  created.  The 
latter  was  near  the  north  line  of  the  town  plot  of  Cincinnati, 
and  a block-house  was  the  first  tenement  erected  there.  As 
the  Indians  had  become  very  savage  and  ferocious,  .strong 
forts  were  built,  and  military  placed  therein  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  few  whites  who  had  ventured  to  settle  in  their 
neighborhood.  So  dangerous  was  the  situation  that  persons 
who  ventured  beyond  a certain  limit  of  these  forts  fell  vic- 
tims to  the  brutality  and  ferocity  of  the  savages.  In  1791 
General  .St.  Clair  s army  was  encamped  at  Ludlow  Station, 
along  what  is  now  called  Mad  Anthony  street,  and  the 
present  site  of  the  Presbyterian  and  Christian  Churches. 
Frpm  thence,  on  September  17th,  1791,  St.  Clair  proceeded 
to  the  Big  Miami,  and  erected  Forts  Hamilton  and  Jeffer- 
son, and  on  November  qlh  following  was  fought  the  bloody 
and  unfortunate  battle  called  “ St.  Clair’s  Defeat.”  Israel 
Ludlow,  now  Colonel  Ludlow,  pursued  his  surveys  under 
great  difficulties,  but  completed  them,  and  May  5th,  1792, 
made  a full  report  of  the  same,  and  of  all  the  expenses  in- 
cident thereto,  which  W'ere  accepted  by  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  St.Ues.  In 
December,  1794,  he  surveyed  the  plot  of  a town  adjacent  to 
Fort  Hamilton — hence  the  name — and  was  sole  owmer.  In 
November,  1795,  in  conjunction  with  Generals  St.  Clair, 
Dayton  and  Wilkinson,  he  founded  the  town  of  Dayton. 
Previous  to  this,  however.  General  Wayne  had  succeeded 
General  St.  Clair — after  the  latter’s  defeat — and  prosecuted 
the  Indian  war  until  its  termination  in  1795,  when  emigra- 
tion commenced  again,  ami  new  towns  and  farms  spread 
through  the  yielding  forest.  On  November  lolh,  1796, 
Colonel  Ludlow  married  Charlotte,  second  daughter  of 


• vw 

* 


»IVW  ■“  * 

k- 


‘j»  m* 


i'ui  (i  Bulod,'' 


^.^.SoLC'^iAVTl.  ^l.^. 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCVCLOr.-I' DIA. 


629 


General  James  Chambers,  of  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania, 
and  on  the  20lh  of  the  same  month  they  started  on  their 
journey  to  Cincinnati.  After  a tedious  ride  over  the  moun- 
tains they  reached  the  Monongahela  river,  and  descended 
in  a small  boat  to  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh,  where  theyem- 
b irked  on  the  water.s  of  the  Ohio.  Colonel  Ludlow  was 
soon  afterwards  appointed  to  establish  and  survey  the 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  Indian 
Territory,  agreeably  to  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  made  by 
General  Wayne,  in  1795,  It  was  a most  dangerous  under- 
taking, and  while  absent  from  Ludlow  Station,  which  he 
had  made  his  residence,  his  wife  was  in  constant  dread  of 
hearing  that  some  fatality  had  befallen  his  little  party.  In 
fact  she  could  not  anticipate  any  happiness  while  separated 
from  her  “ beloved  Lt'dlovv,”  as  she  calls  him,  especially 
during  his  constant  absence  from  the  fort  upon  his  arduous 
duties.  She  writes  to  him  in  1797  of  her  increased  fear  for 
his  safety,  upon  hearing  that  the  Shawnees  had  appointed  a 
chief,  unknown  to  him,  to  attend  him  ; and  she  urges  him 
not  to  relax  his  vigilance  for  one  moment.  Her  distress  of 
mind  can  be  better  imagined  than  described  when  she 
learned  than  he  was  unable  to  obtain  an  escort,  and  at  the 
same  time  knowing  the  gre.it  importance  of  the  boundary 
being  established,  both  to  the  government  and  to  the  set- 
tlers. It  is  a fact  that  he  made  a great  part  of  the  surveys 
with  only  three  active  woodsmen  as  spies,  and  to  give  him 
notice  of  danger.  He  died  in  January,  1804,  at  his  home  at 
Ludlow  Station,  after  four  days’  illness.  The  house  still 
remains  in  a good  state  of  preservation,  notwithstanding  it  is 
now  eighty-six  years  old  ; and  his  great-grandchildren  may 
stand  in  the  room  where  he  died,  and  resolve  to  imitate  his 
virtues.  He  was  not  permitted  to  witness  the  wonderful 
results  of  the  enterprise  to  which  his  untiring  industry  was 
directed  in  forwarding.  That  he  had  a prescience  of  its 
importance  is  shown  by  his  large  entries  of  land  in  the  re- 
gion tributary  to  Cincinnati.  Looking  forward  to  a long 
life,  he  felt  his  immediate  object  was  to  lay  the  broad  foun- 
dation of  pecuniary  fortune.  Modesty  was  a well-known 
trait  of  his  character.  \Vilh  an  eye  quick  to  discern,  and 
energy  to  have  applied,  eveiy  measure  conducing  to  the 
prosperity  of  the  territory  and  the  city,  he  was  himself  in- 
different to  his  own  political  advancement,  and  willing  to 
wait  until  the  fulfilment  of  his  plans.  Thus  it  is,  without 
legislative  record  of  the  facts,  his  name  is  not  known  in  a 
manner  commensurate  with  his  services  to  the  infant  colony 
and  youthful  .State.  He  was  no  politician  in  the  clamorous 
sense  of  the  term.  He  was  a man  for  the  times  in  which  he 
lived,  and  possessed  a peculiar  fitness  for  the  capacious 
sphere  of  his  influence.  His  life  was  illustrated  by  a series 
of  practical  benevolences,  free  from  ostentation,  and  the 
laudation  of  scarcely  other  than  the  recipients  of  his  disin- 
terested kindnesses.  The  shock  created  by  the  announce- 
ment of  his  death  was  great.  The  inhabitants  joined  the 
Masonic  fraternity  in  paying  the  closing  tribute  of  respect  to 
hi^  memory,  and  an  oration  was  pronounced  by  Hon.  John 


Cleves  Symmes.  Among  his  many  descend.ants  may  be 
named  : 

Ludlow,  General  Benjamin  Chambers,  born  in  1S36. 
He  studied  medicine  and  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia.  He  served  with  great  gallantry  in 
many  of  the  important  battles  during  the  late  civil  war,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General.  He  married 
Frances  Jones  in  1873,  has  two  sons,  Israel  and  Ran- 
dell.  He  is  a resident  of  Austin,  Texas. 

Ludlow,  Israel,  Lawyer  and  Soldier,  was  born,  1840, 
at  Ludlow  Station,  near  Cincinnati.  He  was  educated  at 
Andover,  Massachusetts,  and  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  Dur- 
ing the  civil  w’ar,  he  was  an  active  participant,  as  Brevet 
Captain  in  the  5th  Regular  United  States  Artillery,  in  the 
battles  of  Shiloh  (or  Pittsburgh  Landing),  Perryville,  Dog- 
walk,  luka.  Stone  River,  Chickaniauga,  Cold  Harbor,  and 
the  closing  engagements  around  Petersburg.  He  was  badly 
wounded  at  Chickaniauga,  captured,  and  confined  in  the 
Libby  Prison.  After  the  war  he  studied  law  and  practised 
in  Cincinnati,  until  failing  health  caused  him  to  remove  to 
Texas,  where  he  established  a bank,  which  became  one  of 
the  most  important  in  that  "State.  He  was  of  commanding 
appearance,  and  of  genial  manners;  when  once  known  he 
was  never  forgotten.  He  died  in  1873,  greatly  regretted  by 
all  who  knew  him. 

Ap-Jones,  Ludlow,  Lawyer,  was  born  May  4tb,  1844, 
and  is  a son  of  Charles  A.  and  Charlotte  (Ludlow)  Jones. 
He  received  a thorough  collegiate  education,  and  received 
the  diploma  of  Master  of  Arts  from  Harvard  University. 
He  studied  law  and  was  duly  admitted  to  practise,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  bar  of  Cincinnati.  He  is  also  connected  with 
the  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows  orders,  and  is  a member  of 
the  Queen  City  Club  of  Cincinnati,  and  of  the  Society  of 
ex-Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy.  He  originated  the 
Cincinnati  Societies  of  Natural  History,  and  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Cruelty  to  Animals. 


ACKSON,  HENRY  LEVI,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
Russian  Poland,  on  March  20th,  1836.  His 
father  was  also  a Russian  Pole,  but  his  mother 
came  from  Prussian  Poland.  His  education  was 
limited  on  account  of  the  customs  of  the  country 
and  of  the  disabilities  of  Israelites.  At  a com- 
paratively young  age  he  left  Russia  and  proceeded  to 
Germany,  where  he  began  the  study  of  medicine.  Later  he 
removed  to  England,  where  he  continued  his  studies.  Alter 
a while,  attracted  by  the  opportunities  the  United  States 
offered,  he  came  to  this  country,  and  on  his  arrival  com- 
menced the  [ifaclice  of  his  profession.  In  it  he  is  still  en- 
gaged, practising  with  flattering  success,  as  what  is  know  n 


BIOGRAFIIICAL  EXCYCLOIVRDIA. 


630 

as  an  eclectic  physician.  Having  originally  left  Russia  be- 
cause of  the  tyranny  of  its  military  system,  he  naturally  took 
kindly  to  Republican  institutions,  and  has  been  from  his  ar- 
rival in  America  an  earnest  Republican,  though  he  has 
never  held  nor  aspired  to  any  public  office.  Indeed  he 
confines  his  whole  attention  closely  to  his  profession.  He 
was  married  in  1861,  in  this  country,  to  Henrietta  Cush- 
burg,  a native  of  Prussian  Poland. 


ASEY,  HON.  JAMES  Ik,  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Cincinnali,  was  born  in  Coving- 
ton, Kentucky,  on  November  29th,  1828.  His 
grandfather,  Joseph  Casey,  was  born  in  Baltimore 
county,  Maryland,  and  came  of  Irish  stock,  his 
father  being  a native  of  Ireland  ; he  was  a soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812,  under  Ceneral  Harrison,  and  was  one 
of  the  few  who  escaped  the  massacre  at  Crawford’s  defeat. 
John  B.  Casey,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  whither  his  people  immigrated  from 
Pennsylvania  during  the  latter  part  of  the  last  centiiiy.  He 
is  one  of  the  oldest  tobacco  manufacturers  in  the  West,  and 
is  still  living,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five,  partially  retired,  on 
his  fine  farm  south  of  Covington,  Kentucky.  He  has  filled 
many  responsible  and  honorable  positions  in  the  community, 
and  is  now'  surrounded  by  comfort  and  friends,  and  covered 
with  the  honors  of  a well-spent  life.  His  wife,  nee  Sally 
McCasson,  a member  of  one  of  the  early  pioneer  fam- 
ilies from  Virginia,  who  settled  in  the  “ Dark  and  Bloody 
Cround,”  came  of  Scotch  extraction — her  mother  was  a 
Hamilton.  James  B.  Casey,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  city  and  at 
Center  College,  Danville,  Kentucky.  About  the  time  of 
his  leaving  college  the  Mexican  war  broke  out,  and,  filled 
with  the  spirit  of  adventure  and  patriotism,  he  enlisted  in 
the  31I  Kentucky  Regiment  of  Infantry,  at  the  second  call 
for  soldiers  from  Kentucky.  That  State  offered  the  govern- 
ment fifty  regiments,  but  his  was  one  of  the  few  received. 
At  this  time  Mr.  Casey  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  With 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant  he  served  during  the  war,  and  was 
mustered  out  at  Louisville.  His  regiment  contained  a large 
number  of  men  who  became  noted  characters  during  the 
war  of  the  rebellion.  M.  V.  Thompson,  ex-Covernor  of 
Kentucky,  was  Colonel,  John  C.  Breckinridge  was  Major, 
Thomas  L.  Crittenden,  Union  Ceneral  in  the  rebellion,  was 
I.ieiitenant-Colonel.  Besides  these  there  were  Leonidas 
Metcalf,  who  was  a colonel  in  the  Union  army,  Thomas 
Taylor,  who  became  a general  in  the  Confederate  army,  and 
Whittaker,  who  was  a general  in  the  Federal  ranks.  After 
returning  from  the  war,  young  Casey  spent  several  years  in 
his  father’s  dry-goods  house  in  Covington.  In  1853  he 
started  the  same  business  for  himself  in  that  city.  There, 
too,  in  1852,  he  was  married  to  Imcy  A.  Marshall,  daughter 


of  John  Mar.shall,  brother  of  Ceneral  Thomas  Marshall, 
who  commanded  a brigade,  chiefly  of  Kentucky  troops,  in 
the  war  with  Mexico.  The  Marshalls  constitute  one  of  the 
oldest,  most  able  and  distinguished  families  of  Kentucky. 
In  1862  Mr.  Casey  began  the  manufacture  of  tobacco,  but 
did  not  wholly  relinquish  his  connection  with  the  dry-goods 
business  until  two  years  afterwards.  He  had  quite  early 
had  experience  in  the  tobacco  business  with  his  father. 
From  this  date  his  connection  with  the  tobacco  trade  has 
remained  unbroken.  In  1864  he  opened  a commission 
house  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  1867  he  bought  into  the  old 
Morris  warehouse,  where  his  tobacco  interest  now  is  under 
the  firm-name  of  Casey,  Timberlake  & Co.  The  business 
of  this  house  has  become  very  large  and  lucrative.  Since 
the  time  of  his  commencing,  in  1862,  the  tobacco  trade  has 
grown  to  be  one  of  the  valuable  interests  of  Cincinnali. 
He  is  one  of  the  five  members  of  the  Tobacco  Board  of 
Trade,  and  is  Vice-President  of  that  body.  In  1865  he  was 
a delegate  from  Cincinnati  to  the  Tobacconists’  National 
Convention  at  Washington  City,  where  he  took  a prominent 
part  in  the  doings  of  the  Convention.  He  has,  too,  been 
actively  concerned  in  legislation  favorable  to  the  tobacco 
interest  of  the  Ohio  valley.  In  1871  he  was  elected  with 
trilling  opposition,  from  Covington,  to  fill  Mr.  Carlisle’s  un- 
expired term  of  two  years  in  the  Kentucky  State  Senate. 
He  had  been  previously  mainly  instrumental  in  the  nomi- 
nation of  Mr.  Carlisle  for  the  Lieutenant-Covernorship,  and 
now  his  own  position  and  that  of  the  I.ieutenant-Covernor, 
Carlisle  (as  Speaker  of  the  Senate),  secured  the  charter  for 
the  Southern  Railroad,  his  own  vote  making  a tie,  and  the 
Speaker’s  deciding  in  favor  of  the  act.  The  objectionable 
features  of  this  bill,  being  a necessity  admitted  by  its  friends 
for  its  passage,  were  afterwards  removed.  At  the  expiration 
of  his  term  he  was  importuned  to  accept  the  nomination  of 
his  party  for  the  regular  term  in  the  State  Senate.  At  this 
time  he  was  also  urged  to  make  the  race  for  Congress  in  his 
district,  but  all  these  testimonials  of  popular  favor,  business 
necessities  and  general  disinclination  induced  him  to  de- 
cline. He  has  since,  however,  been  a member  of  the  Cov- 
ington City  Council.  Mr.  Casey  is  now  in  the  prime  of  life, 
an  active,  liberal-spirited,  genial  member  of  society,  a man 
of  large  executive  and  business  ability,  and  must  certainly 
be  classed  among  those  who  leave  the  world  better  for  their 
having  lived  in  it. 

c/p  CONNER,  STEPHEN,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was 
September  l8th,  1808,  in  Mount  Charles, 
of  Donegal,  Ireland.  He  left  home  in 
1824  for  America,  and  at  first  landed  in  Canada, 
whence  he  worked  his  way  via  the  lakes  and 
across  Ohio  to  Cincinnati.  Having  resolved  to 
study  medicine,  he  entered  the  Transylvania  University,  at 
I.exington,  Kentucky,  at  that  time  the  first  educational  in- 
stitution in  the  West.  He  graduated  therefrom  in  1833, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 


and  at  once  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
1S41  his  brother,  Dr.  Hugh  Bonner,  of  Cincinnati,  died, 
and  Dr.  Stephen  Bonner  succeeded  to  his  practice,  and 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  one  of  the  most 
faithful  and  esteemed  physicians  in  that  city.  He  was 
an  earnest  and  zealous  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church ; the  medical  attendant  and  intimate  friend  of  Arch- 
bishop Purcell,  and  filled  the  position  of  Attendant  Physi- 
cian at  the  seminaries  of  Mount  St.  Mary,  Notre  Dame, 
Cedar  Grove  and  others.  lie  also  filled  for  several  years 
the  position  of  a Director  of  the  House  of  Refuge.  Pie  was 
a most  charitable  man,  attending  the  poor  without  expecta- 
tion of  any  pecuniary  consideration.  He  was  married, 
October  22d,  1835,  to  Lucy,  daughter  of  Major  Hanly,  of 
Jessamine  county,  Kentucky,  who  survives  him.  Of  the 
eleven  children,  which  once  composed  his  family,  seven 
are  now  living,  his  eldest  son.  Dr.  S.  P.  Bonner,  having 
died  a year  previous  to  his  father,  from  consumption  con- 
tracted during  his  army  career,  while  Surgeon  of  the  2d 
Regiment  of  Kentucky  Infantry.  Another  son  is  Rev. 
John  Bonner,  of  St.  Philomena  Church.  Dr.  .Stephen  Bon- 
ner died  in  1876. 


^|OMBACII,  MATTHEW,  Capitalist,  was  born, 
September,  1811,  in  Naikirch,  Black  P'orest, 
Baden,  Germany.  He  is  the  youngest  of  four 
children  of  Charles  and  P'rancesca  Rombach, 
both  of  whom  were  born  and  died  in  Baden. 
His  father,  Charles  Rombach,  was  the  son  of  a 
firmer  owning  large  landed  estates  at  Naikirch,  and  who 
in  the  earlier  years  of  his  manhood  was  employed  in 
various  offices  of  trust  and  honor  recognized  by  German 
laws  and  pertaining  to  the  proper  management  of  a Ger- 
man country  seat.  The  elder  Mr.  Rombach  was  married 
at  the  age  of  forty-two  years,  about  which  time  he  engaged 
in  merchandising,  and  subsequently  carried  on  the  manu- 
facture of  clocks.  He  was  a successful  merchant  and 
manufacturer,  and  a highly  respected  citizen  in  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  lived.  Young  Matthew  was  reared  on 
a farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he 
was  placed  by  his  father  in  a clock  manufactory  to  learn 
the  trade,  which  branch  of  mechanics  he  pursued  until  the 
time  of  his  departure  for  America.  When  about  nineteen 
years  of  age,  in  the  year  1830,  he  and  three  others,  young 
men  of  his  neighborhood,  resolved  to  bid  adieu  to  the 
fatherland  ancl  try  their  fortunes  in  the  new  world.  After 
arrangements  had  been  perfected  and  passports  obtained 
for  the  party,  his  companions  were  persuaded  to  abandon 
their  proposed  journey.  Mr.  Rombach,  with  characteristic 
resolution,  was  unshaken  in  his  purpose.  His  father,  un- 
willing that  one  of  so  little  experience  should  set  out  alone 
to  incur  the  dangers  and  privations  of  a voyage  to  the  new 
world,  and  hoping  to  foil  his  son  in  his  determination  to  go, 
refused  to  furnish  him  with  the  necessary  pecuniary  aid. 


631 

Thus  thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  Matthew  collected 
his  limited  means  together,  amounting  to  about  seventy 
dollars,  and,  bidding  farewell  to  friends  and  the  home  of 
his  childhood,  started  on  the  long  journey  that  should 
bring  him  the  after  experiences  of  life  in  America.'  Inured 
to  hardships,  and  wishing  to  husband  his  means  as  far  as 
possible,  he  walked  through  France  on  his  way  to  London, 
a distance  of  almost  six  hundred  miles,  eating  but  two 
meals  a day  and  making  the  distance  of  from  thirty  six  to 
fifty  miles.  Arriving  at  London  he  remained  about  ten 
days,  then  took  steerage  passage  in  an  American  sail 
vessel  bound  for  New  York.  He  contracted  for  passage  at 
twenty-one  dollars,  and  boarded  with  the  sailors  for  an  ad- 
ditional sum  of  twenty-one  dollars.  He  proceeded  almost 
immediately  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia,  and  when  he 
arrived  at  the  latter  place  found  his  means  reduced  to  the 
small  sum  of  seven  dollars,  The  next  day  after  his  arrival 
at  Philadelphia  he  found  employment  at  his  trade  with  a 
German  to  whom  he  had  been  recommended  by  friends  in 
the  old  country.  Remaining  in  Philadelphia  about  six 
months,  and  not  succeeding  as  well  as  he  wished,  he  deter- 
mined to  push  farther  west,  and  located  at  Lancaster,  Ohio. 
Here  he  again  set  up  in  the  clock  business,  which  he  con- 
tinued for  about  nine  months,  then,  in  the  latter  part  of 

1831,  again  changed  his  place  to  Cincinnati.  Here  he  kept 
boarding  house  until  the  cholera  of  1832  compelled  him, 
for  want  of  business  and  safety,  to  close  the  same.  In  July, 

1832,  at  Cincinnati,  he  married  Catharine  Kautz,  a native 
of  Baden,  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  a daughter, 
wife  of  General  J.  W.  Denver,  of  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia.  Having  by  industry  and  frugality  accumulated 
some  means,  he  purchased  a small  farm  in  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  to  which  he  removed  and  cultivated  for  some  two 
years.  Visiting  New  Orleans  in  the  year  1835,  and  having 
a good  opportunity  to  engage  in  business,  he  determined  to 
remove  to  that  place.  Having  sold  his  stock,  rented  his 
farm  and  proceeded  as  far  as  Cincinnati,  his  wife  being  dis- 
satisfied to  go  to  New  Orleans,  he  changed  his  purpose  and 
moved  to  Wilmington,  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  His  first  two  years  in  Wilmington  were  de- 
voted to  hotel  keeping.  In  1837  he  sold  his  farm  in  Brown 
county  and  purchased  a farm  in  Clinton  county,  near  Wil- 
mington; he  also  opened  a bakeiy  and  confectionery,  which 
he  conducted  for  several  years,  at  the  same  time  partly 
giving  his  attention  to  trading  and  farming.  Since  1845 
he  has  greatly  prospered  in  his  business  pursuits,  devoting 
himself  to  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  looking  after  his 
numerous  investments  in  bank  stocks  and  the  stocks  of 
various  other  corporations.  At  this  time  he  is  a large 
stockholder  in  and  Vice-President  of  the  Clinton  County 
National  Bank,  of  Wilmington,  Ohio.  He  is  known  as 
one  of  the  substantial  business  men  and  capitalists  of  the 
State;  a man  of  temperate  habits,  energy,  perseverance  and 
integrity.  Though  not  a politician,  and  never  seeking 
political  preferment,  he  has  always  acted  with  the  Demo- 


632 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


cratic  parly.  He  was  brought  up  a Catholic,  his  parents 
being  ilevout  members  of  that  church;  and  while  liberal  in 
his  religious  views,  and  a generous  contributor  to  the  build- 
ing up  and  support  of  other  churches,  with  the  natural  ten- 
dency of  mankind  he  adheres  to  the  faith  of  his  early 
education. 


’INKSON,  BENJAMIN,  Lawyer  and  Farmer,  was 
born,  December  27th,  1800,  near  Cynthiana, 
Kentucky.  He  is  the  third  of  eleven  children  of 
Thomas  Hinkson  and  Elizabeth  Foos.  Thomas 
Hinkson  was  a native  of  Pennsylvania,  a farmer, 
an  officer  under  Generals  Wayne  and  Harmar  in 
the  early  Indian  campaigns,  and  an  officer  under  General 
Harrison  in  the  war  of  1812.  Thomas  Hinkson  settled  in 
Clinton  county,  Ohio,  in  1806,  was  one  of  the  first  asso- 
ciate judges  of  that  county  and  a colonel  in  the  militia. 
He  died  in  1832.  Elizabeth  Foos  Hinkson,  a native  of 
Tennessee,  died  in  1855.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  did 
farm  work  until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  attending  the 
county  school  during  the  winter  months.  In  1S16  he  went 
in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  Fayette  county,  where  he  acted 
as  Deputy  for  two  years.  P'or  the  next  two  years  he  at- 
tended Chillicothe  Academy,  where  he  spent  two  years, 
reading  law  in  the  meantime  under  Colonel  Henry  Brush, 
ui  Chillicothe.  In  1820  Mr.  Hinkson  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  .and  opened  an  office  in  Wilmington,  Clinton  county, 
where  he  practised  until  1834.  In  the  fall  of  1S26  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  where  he  served  through  five 
terms,  until,  the  winter  of  1834,  he  was  elected  Secre- 
tary of  State  for  three  years.  In  1836  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit,  remaining  on  the 
bench  for  seven  years.  In  1843  returned  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Wilmington,  where  he  was  actively 
engaged  until  1858,  when  impaired  health  obliged  him  to 
retire  from  active  practice.  He  sought  rest  and  recupera- 
tion on  his  farm,  in  Wilson  township,  where  he  has  since 
lived.  In  the  war  of  1812  Mr.  Hinkson  .served  for  about 
eight  months,  and  now  draws  a pension  as  an  old  defender. 
He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Henry  Clay.  He  now  acts  with 
the  Democratic  party.  September  15th,  1825,  Mr.  Hink- 
son married  Mary  A.  Welsh,  a native  of  New  York,  who 
died  in  1827,  leaving  one  child. 


^i^OLLETT,  HON.  JOHN  FASSETT,  Lawyer,  was 
horn,  February  i8th,  1833,  in  the  State  of  Ver 
mont,  and  is  a son  of  John  F.  Follett,  who  re- 
moved, in  1838,  to  Ohio,  where  he  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Licking  county;  of  his  nine  children, 
three  are  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  one 
of  whom  is  Judge  Charles  Follett,  of  Newark,  and  the 


other  Martin  D.  Follett,  of  Marietta.  The  family  is  an  old 
New  England  one,  and  some  of  them  were  prominent 
actors  in  the  colonial  movements,  and  subsequently  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution  ; their  many  descendants  are  now 
dispersed  throughout  the  Union.  The  younger  John  was 
prepared  for  college  at  Granville,  and  entered  Marietta 
College,  whence  he  graduated,  at  the  head  of  his  class,  in 
1855.  After  leaving  this  institution  he  was  for  one  year 
Principal  of  the  High  School  at  Columbus,  and  previously 
for  the  same  period  of  time  a teacher  in  the  Asylum  for  the 
Blind.  Having  jireviously  chosen  the  law  for  his  profes- 
sion, he  employed  all  his  leisure  time  during  these  two 
years  in  a course  of  legal  study;  after  which  he  entered  his 
brother’s  office  in  Newark,  Ohio,  and  w.as  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  that  town  in  1858.  He  then  formed  a partnership 
with  his  brother,  which  continued  until  1868,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Cincinnati.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  a seat  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1867  was  re-elected;  he  was 
made  Speaker  of  the  House,  having  been  nominated  by  the 
Democrats  by  acclamation.  Since  locating  in  Cincinnati 
he  has  abandoned  all  political  aspirations  and  devoted  his 
entire  energies  to  his  profession,  where  he  justly  ranks  as 
one  of  the  first  men  of  his  age  at  the  bar.  He  is  not  a 
specialist,  but  gives  his  attention  to  gener.al  practice,  having 
been  prominently  concerned  in  many  important  causes  in 
all  branches  of  the  law.  He  was  married  in  1866  to 
Frances  D.,  daughter  of  Professor  John  Dawson,  of  the 
Starling  Medical  College,  at  Columbus,  and  brother  of  Dr. 
\V.  W.  Dawson,  of  Cincinnati. 


OLLIER,  OLIVER  S.,  Lawyer,  was  born.  May 
l6th,  1817,  in  Perry  township,  Lawrence  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  eighth  of  fourteen  children 
whose  parents  were  James  and  Martha  (Baker) 
Collier.  His  father  was  of  English  and  Welsh 
lineage,  a native  of  Virginia,  and  a farmer  by 
occupation,  who  removed  to  Ohio  in  1806,  and  was  a 
pioneer  in  the  section  where  he  located;  he  was  a Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  Perry  township  for  a number  of  years,  and 
where  he  died  in  October,  1858,  having  survived  his  wife 
but  one  month.  The  latter  was  a native  of  Ashe  county. 
North  Carolina,  and  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  Oliver 
worked  on  a farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  attend- 
ing school  in  the  winter.  He  was  next  employed  in  an 
iron  works,  where  he  labored  for  eight  years,  and  his 
leisure  hours  were  passed  in  general  reading  and  study.  In 
1843  he  returned  to  a farmer’s  life,  which  he  followed  for 
about  four  years,  and  then  commenced  reading  medicine. 
For  eighteen  months  he  was  so  engaged,  and  then  aban- 
doned the  pursuit.  During  the  winters  of  1849  and  1851 
he  was  engaged  in  teaching  school.  In  1850  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  John  M.  Clark,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  Gallia  county,  Ohio,  and  practised 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 


633 


before  justices  of  the  peace  until  1855,  when,  having  passed 
the  requisite  examination,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
at  once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Iron- 
ton,  where  he  continued  until  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Ceredo,  Virginia,  where  he  continued  his  legal  pursuits  for 
six  years.  In  1871  he  returned  to  Ironton,  where  he  has 
since  resided  and  has  established  a successful  and  lucrative 
practice.  He  has  never  sought  nor  held  any  public  office 
whatever.  Politically  he  is  a Democrat,  but  at  an  earlier 
day  was  a ^Vhig,  having  voted  for  William  II.  Harrison. 
His  religious  faith  is  that  held  by  the  Baptists.  He  is  a 
man  of  unquestionable  integrity  and  of  genial  manners,  and 
is  painstaking,  laborious  and  conscientious  in  his  profession. 
He  was  married.  May  30th,  1843,  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
James  Gibson,  an  early  settler  of  Lawrence  county,  Ohio. 


UTLER,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  M.  D., 
Physician  and  Surgeon,  was  born,  December 
27th,  1821,  in  Wellsburg  (now  West)  Virginia, 
and  is  a son  of  the  late  Dr.  Joseph  and  Eliza- 
beth (Graynel  Butler.  His  father  emigrated  to 
Canada  in  early  life  and  practised  medicine  in 
Quebec  and  Montreal,  and  about  1806  returned  to  the 
St.ites,  where  he  married  and  subsequently  removed  to 
Wellsburg,  Virginia,  where  he  continued  his  professional 
pursuits  for  upwards  of  twenty  years,  being  known  as  an 
able  physician.  After  his  death  his  widow  and  family, 
consisting  of  four  children,  removed  to  Holmes  county, 
Ohio,  where  she  remained  until  her  death,  in  1838. 
George  was  first  educated  in  the  school  which  his'mother 
had  kept  in  Wellsburg  for  seven  years;  and  he  then  at- 
tended the  common  school  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old, 
finishing  his  studies  in  a select  school,  where  he  passed  a 
year.  He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  H. 
I..  Jeffers,  of  Nashville,  Holmes  county,  Ohio,  and  finished 
his  readings  with  Drs.  Oldfield  and  Cunningham,  of  Lick- 
ing county.  He  subsequently  graduated  at  the  New  York 
Medical  College,  in  1855.  He  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  1844  at  Alton,  nine  miles  west  of  Columbus, 
where  he  remained  until  1870,  when  he  removed  to  the 
wider  field  of  the  State  capital,  where  he  now  resides,  en- 
gaged in  the  control  of  an  extensive  practice.  In  1857  he 
performed  a rare  and  critical  operation,  the  subject  recover- 
ing, and  is  still  living.  One  James  O.  ILarren,  while  en- 
gaged in  harrowing,  fell  beneath  the  timber  frame,  and  his 
chest  wxs  torn  open  by  the  iron  teeth,  filling  the  cavity  and 
his  lungs  with  earth,  etc.  Dr.  Butler  w.as  immediately 
summoned,  and,  having  enlarged  the  opening,  removed  the 
foreign  substances  from  the  wound,  washed  the  exposed 
viscera,  replaced  the  lung  in  its  proper  position,  and  the 
patient  is  now  living  in  good  health — a proof  of  the  sur- 
geon’s skill.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  was 
frequently  solicited  to  fill  appointments,  but  invariably  de- 
80 


dined.  He  was  married  in  1842  to  Harriet  Prouty,  by 
whom  he  was  the  father  of  five  children,  of  whom  two  only 
survive;  his  wife  died  in  1855.  He  was  a second  time 
united  in  marriage,  in  1856,  to  Margaret  Clover,  of  _ 
Indiana,  who  is  still  living.  This  union  has  resulted  in 
one  son. 


))0\YRY,  THOMAS,  M.  D.,  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber 23d,  1820,  in  Donegal  county,  Ireland,  the 
younger  of  the  two  children  of  James  and  Mary 
(Campbell)  Lowry.  His  father  followed  agricul- 
tural pursuits  through  life,  and  came  to  America 
in  1839;  after  four  years  in  New  York  he  moved 
to  Pike  county,  Ohio,  where  he  died  in  1846;  his  wife  died 
in  1848.  Thomas  obtained  his  early  education  in  the  best 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  while  quite  young  began 
reading  medicine  in  Donegal  county,  Ireland.  He  con- 
tinued reading  for  three  years,  and  graduated  with  honor  in 
1839  from  the  famous  University  of  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In 
the  same  year  he  came  to  America,  and  practised  success- 
fully for  about  three  years  in  New  York.  Then  he  passed 
a few  months  travelling  in  Europe,  and  returning  settled,  in 
the  spring  of  1844,  at  Waverly,  Pike  county,  Ohio.  There, 
with,  the  exception  of  a year’s  practice  in  Philadelphia,  he 
has  since  followed  his  profession  with  marked  succe.ss.  He 
has  contributed  articles  on  medical  topics  to  the  Medical 
.Society  of  Pike  County,  of  which  he  has  been  a member 
since  its  first  organization,  and  for  years  a leading  officer. 
His  practice  is  general,  and  his  reputation  as  a surgeon  is 
high.  A Democrat  in  political  faith,  but  broadly  liberal  in 
his  political  and  religious  views,  and  a man  of  attractive 
and  sterling  qualities,  he  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  a large  circle.  He  was  married  in  December,  1833,  to 
Margaret  Campbell,  a native  of  Donegal  county,  Ireland. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  in  1861,  he  recruited  Company 
I,  56th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  with 
the  command  for  about  seventeen  months,  participating  in 
the  great  battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Pittsburgh  Landing  and 
Corinth.  He  resigned  in  1863,  on  account  of  sickness 


||OO.S,  MATHIAS,  Merchant,  was  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  August  nth,  1814;  came  with  his 
parents  to  America  in  1833,  and  at  first  located 
in  Sandusky,  Ohio,  where  the  family  remained  a 
year.  In  the  following  year  his  father  entered 
a tract  of  land  near  the  town  of  Uiqicr  .Sandusky 
(now  Fremont),  to  which  the  family  subsequently  removed, 
and  where  Mathias  remained  for  two  years  assisting  his 
father  in  clearing  and  opening  the  farm  ; but,  having  be- 
come dissatisfied  with  the  ])lace  on  account  of  its  imhealth- 
fulness,  he  returned  to  Sandusky  in  1836,  and  shortly 


634 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


afterwards  commenced  to  work  in  a bakery,  where  he  con- 
tinued for  a year.  In  1837  he  decided  to  change  to  Toledo, 
then  a new  town,  and  he  resumed  his  vocation  as  a baker, 
being  employed  by  John  J.  P'ogelson  for  two  years.  In 
1838  he  began  the  same  business  on  his  own  account,  his 
bakery  being  located  on  Summit  street,  near  Perry,  where 
he  pursued  it  for  five  years.  Having  become  acquainted 
with  Lyman  Wheeler,  he  formed  a copartnership  with  him 
in  1842,  which  continued  for  over  twenty-two  years.  They 
first  opened  a ship  chandlery  and  supply  store  on  the  dock, 
and  shortly  afterwards  started  a rectifying  establishment  on 
Monroe  street.  In  1847  they  disposed  of  the  store  on  the 
dock,  and  gave  their  entire  attention  to  the  rectifying  busi- 
ness, which  was  prosperous  and  gradually  increased.  In 
1865,  owing  to  Wheeler’s  impaired  health,  the  copartner- 
ship was  dissolved  ; Wheeler  died  about  two  years  thereafter. 
The  business  has  since  been  continued  by  the  remaining 
partner,  and  he  has  associated  his  eldest  son,  William 
11.  Boos,  with  him.  He  is  still  in  the  prime  of  life,  and 
his  character  as  a straightforward  business  man  and  kind 
neighbor  is  proverbial.  He  has  never  held  any  public 
office,  nor  has  he  taken  any  active  part  in  political  ques- 
tions. He  was  married,  July  21st,  1840,  in  Toledo,  to 
Margaret  Kimball,  and  he  is  the  father  of  seven  children, 
of  whom  four  are  now  living. 


LTNN,  HOMER  SUMMERFIELD,  M.  D.,  was 
born  in  Highland  county,  near  Eallsville,  Ohio, 
February  28th,  1839.  His  father.  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac 
Quinn,  was  both  a clergyman  and  a medical  prac- 
titioner. To  Isaac  and  Cynthia  Quinn  were  born 
nine  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  the  youngest.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
country  school  of  the  neighborhood,  but  completed  his 
scholastic  labors  at  Greenfield  Seminary.  Upon  leaving 
Greenfield,  he  for  a time  followed  the  avocation  of  a farmer, 
meanwhile  in  his  leisure  hours  devoting  his  attention  to  the 
study  of  medicine.  His  medical  course  was  finished  under 
the  direction  of  his  brother.  Dr.  J.  H.  Quinn,  and  in  1862 
he  commenced  the  active  practice  of  his  chosen  profession 
at  Jefferson,  Madison  county,  where  he  has  continued  to 
reside.  As  a physician  Dr.  Quinn  has  built  up  an  exten- 
sive and  remunerative  practice,  with  a reputation  for 
thorough  medical  erudition  and  sound  practical  reliability. 
A Democrat  in  politics,  he  has  held  quite  a number  of  local 
offices,  and  has  several  times  been  prominently  mentioned 
as  the  candidate  of  his  party  in  the  county  for  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.  Of  fine  personal  appearance  and  ex- 
cellent conversational  powers,  the  doctor  is  socially  as  well 
as  professionally  and  politically  one  of  Madison’s  most 
prominent  citizens.  He  was  married,  April  27th,  1870,10 
Bettie  Putnam,  daughter  of  the  late  Horace  Putnam,  at  one 
time  Treasurer  of  Madison  county. 


OCKE,  DAVID  ROSS,  popularly  known  as  “ Pe- 
troleum V.  Nasby,”  was  born  in  Union,  Broome 
county,  New  York,  in  February,  1833.  His 
father  followed  the  trade  of  shoemaker,  and  at 
that  time  was  far  from  being  in  comfortable  cir- 
cumstances. He  had  few  opportunities  for  attend- 
ing school,  his  assistance  being  required  in  providing  for 
the  support  of  the  family,  and  the  education  he  now 
possesses  was  secured  by  self-directed  study  and  close 
application.  He  learned  the  printer’s  trade  at  Cortland, 
New  York,  and  after  remaining  in  that  place  a few  years, 
travelled  to  Pittsburgh,  thence  to  Cleveland,  and  subse- 
quently to  interior  towns  of  Ohio  of  less  importance,  until 
1855.  During  this  period  he  became  familiar  with  all  the 
phases  of  journalistic  labor,  and  had  acquired  an  experience 
which  ably  cpialified  him  for  the  important  career  upon 
which  he  was  about  to  enter.  In  1855  he  became  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Mansfield  Herald,  with  which  he  was 
connected  until  1862,  when  he  assumed  charge  of  the 
Hancock  Jeffersonian.  About  this  time  he  first  employed 
the  nom  de  plume  of  “ Petroleum  V.  Nasby,”  under  which 
he  has  become  famous.  In  1866  he  became  connected  with 
the  Toledo  Blade,  and  still  contributes  to  its  editorial  col- 
umns, though  he  some  time  since  retired  from  its  editorship. 
He  is  now  associated  with  the  advertising  agency  firm  of 
Bates  & Locke,  No.  34  Park  Row,  New  York.  Mr. 
Locke’s  political  affiliations  have  been  with  the  Whig  and 
Republican  parties.  Of  the  latter  he  has  become  one  of 
the  most  influential  members,  and  has,  perhaps,  aided  it 
more  practically  through  his  incisive  caricatures  of  the 
opposition,  in  his  illustrations  of  the  “ Cross-Roads,”  than 
any  other  journalist.  “ Nasby  ” was  heard  of  during  the 
war  and  jumped  into  popularity  at  his  debut.  The  piquant 
humor  of  his  descriptions  was  heightened  by  his  amusingly 
defective  orthography,  a result  which  has  not  been  as 
happily  effected  by  imitators,  of  whom  scores  sprang  at 
once  into  existence,  and  dropped  almost  as  rapidly  into 
evanescence.  Mr.  Locke  possessed  a native,  not  a labori- 
ously acquired  art  for  presenting  political  situations  in  the 
clearest  and  most  unmistakable  manner,  through  the  media 
of  facetious  narratives  of  the  political  events  at  the  “ Con- 
federate Cross-Roads.”  His  wit  was  maiitly  directed  against 
the  Democracy,  and  party  measures  and  party  fallacies  were 
traced,  in  their  consequences  at  the  “ Roads,”  under  the 
administration  of  Nasby,  Bascom,  Pogram,  McPhelter,  cr  a/. 
The  most  popular  of  his  recent  travesties  was,  peihaps,  that 
which  hit  off  the  position  of  the  party  on  the  currency 
([uestion.  Like  all  his  former  productions,  it  was  copied 
into  nearly  all  the  papers  of  the  countiy,  and  was  also 
issued  in  pamphlet  form,  and  had  an  immense  sale.  In  all 
his  political  humorous  writings,  his  effort  was  to  show 
through  the  farce  an  actual  drama,  and  there  has  been  no 
man  connected  with  modern  American  journalism  who 
possessed  a greater  degree  of  talent  in  this  direction  than 
Mr.  Locke.  Nasby  secured  a world-wide  reputation,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 


thousands  made  his  acquaintance  where  only  hundreds  met 
Locke.  The  modem  country  politician,  poor  to  ragged- 
ness, in  whose  estimation  a village  postmastership  was  ely- 
siuin,  who  aped  distinction,  however  low,  in  the  civil  scale, 
and  willing  to  resort  to  any  scheme  to  obtain  it,  was  his 
prototype,  and  the  caricatures  drawn  by  Mr.  Locke  rarely 
did  him  injustice  in  a single  trait  of  morals  or  physique. 
Of  recent  years  he  has  been  recognized  as  one  of  our  most 
popular  lecturers.  His  oral  narratives,  his  spoken  wit,  and 
humorous  delineations,  generally  in  the  discussion  of  politi- 
cal themes,  are  exceedingly  enjoyable,  and  seem  to  catch 
the  fancy  of  the  lecture-attending  public  much  more  rapidly 
than  the  discourses  of  speakers  divested  of  humor  altogether. 
He  has  lectured  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  continent, 
and  has  everywhere  been  welcomed  by  very  large  audiences. 
In  1868  he  was  tendered  the  Postmastership  of  Toledo,  but 
declined  the  offer,  preferring  to  give  his  attention  entirely 
to  the  duties  of  a journalist  and  private  citizen.  Within  the 
p.ast  few  months,  Mr.  Locke,  with  Mr.  Bates,  his  previous 
partner,  have  associated  themselves  with  Mr.  Yost,  the  in- 
ventor of  the  great  American  Type  Writer,  in  the  proprie- 
torship of  that  new  labor-saving  machine,  and  should  time 
and  experience  realize  all  that  is  hoped  from  it,  possibly 
his  connection  with  that  may  not  prove  a less  foundation 
for  his  future  remembrance  than  his  “Nasby”  letters,  of 
which  he  is  very  sanguine.  He  was  married  in  1S54. 


TEPHAN,  ANDREW,  Brewer,  was  born  in  Bava- 
ria, Germany,  November  9th,  1816,  and  received 
a common  school  education.  He  was  apprenticed 
to  the  tanning  trade,  and  served  three  years. 
Thereafter  he  went  to  Strasburg,  Lyons,  Bezan- 
con,  Dijon,  Paris,  and  Havre-de-Grace,  working 
at  his  business  in  all.  Emigrating  to  America,  he  arrived 
July  24th,  1836,  and  worked  as  a journeyman  for  John 
Smith,  of  Milan,  Ohio,  for  the  small  remuneration  of  seven- 
teen dollars  per  month.  At  the  end  of  six  months  he  began 
business  for  himself  in  company  with  A.  Zahm.  This  co- 
partnership existed  for  seven  years,  when  he  sold  out  and 
moved,  in  1842,  to  Maumee  City,  then  the  large  city  of  the 
Maumee  Valley,  built  a tannery,  commenced  business,  and 
carried  it  on  until  1850.  Then  he  moved  to  Toledo,  and 
started  the  same  business  in  connection  with  John  M.  Col- 
lins, who  was  unfortunately  killed  in  the  machinery  during 
the  fir-st  year  of  the  partnership.  This  accident  compelled 
him  to  close  up  the  business,  and  in  the  spring  of  1853  he 
converted  the  tannery  into  a brewery,  in  the  conduct  of 
which  he  continued  in  association  with  P.  Lenk  until  the 
fall  of  1857,  when  he  sold  out  his  interest.  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  he  purchased  of  J.  Kohler  the  site  on  which 
his  brewery  now  stands.  The  building  then  on  it  was 
small,  but  he  has  enlarged  it  from  year  to  year,  until  he  has 
now  one  of  the  most  complete  breweries  in  the  city.  In 


(^35 


1861  he  received  the  appointment  of  Collector  of  the  Port 
from  President  Lincoln,  and  held  the  position  until  1864, 
when  he  resigned.  He  has  always  taken  a deep  intere.st 
in  the  development  of  Toledo,  and  in  1869  was  elected 
Councilman  from  the  First  ward,  representing  that  constit- 
uency faithfully  and  ably  for  four  years.  In  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  Treasurer  of  Lucas  county,  and  occupied 
that  jiost  most  acceptably  for  four  years.  Since  that  lime 
he  has  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  his  own  business.  In 
politics  he  was  a Whig,  and  is  now  a Republican,  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  movements  of  his  party.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  1837,  to  Elizabeth  Zahm. 


ISHER,  SAMUEL  SPARKS,  Lawyer,  was  born, 
Ajjril  nth,  1832,  in  .St.  Joseph  county,  Michigan. 
His  father  was  Dr.  James  C.  Eisher,  son  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Eisher,  D.  D.,  a prominent  Presby- 
terian clergyman,  and  Alice  Coggswell,  who 
came  of  a well-known  Connecticut  family.  Dr. 
James  C.  Fisher  married  Eliza  Sparks,  daughter  of  Samuel 
.Sparks,  a shipping  merchant  of  Philadelphia,  who  did  good 
service  in  the  war  of  1812,  reaching  the  rank  of  major. 
Sopn  after  graduating  in  New  York  city,  Dr.  Fisher  married 
and  went  West,  returning  to  the  East  shortly  after  the  birth 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Samuel  Sparks  Fisher  spent 
the  earlier 'years  of  his  childhood  in  New  York  city,  where 
his  father  was  for  some  time  professor  of  chemistry  in  the 
University  of  New  York.  He  very  early  developed  an 
unusual  taste  for  chemistry,  in  theory  and  in  practice,  and 
gave  frequent  exhibitions  of  the  mechanical  genius  which, 
in  his  professional  life,  was  so  eminently  serviceable  to  him. 
He  spent  many  of  his  hours  in  his  father’s  laboratory, 
eagerly  laying  hold  of  whatever  knowledge  came  in  his 
way,  and  often  experimenting  with  a success  wonderful  for 
his  years.  He  took  readily  to  books.  It  is  said  that  he 
could  read  the  Bible  fluently  when  he  was  four  years  old. 
When  Samuel  was  seven  years  old  he  went  to  Virginia  with 
his  father,  who  had  accepted  the  superintendency  of  a gold 
mine  in  that  State.  Remaining  there  one  year  the  family 
returned  to  New  York,  Dr.  Fisher  becoming  connected 
with  Professor  Morse  in  his  electro  magnetic  experiments. 
Samuel  took  great  delight  in  these  experiments,  and  gained 
a practical  insight  into  the  workings  of  Morse’s  great  inven- 
tion. The  boy  was  stimulated,  encouraged,  and  aided  in 
his  search  for  knowledge  by  his  father,  a man  of  unusual 
culture.  In  1841,  when  .Samuel  had  reached  the  age  of 
nine  years,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  his  grandparents,  at 
Bloomfield,  New  Jersey,  where  he  attended  school  for  one 
year.  He  was  then  sent  to  the  preparatory  school  at  West 
Point,  for  the  benefit  of  the  peculiar  discipline  of  that  in- 
stitution. At  the  end  of  a year  he  rejoined  his  father’s 
family,  which  had  located  at  Philadelphia.  He  entered  a 
grammar  school  and  was  progressing  rapidly,  when  he  con- 


636 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


ceived  the  idea  of  entering  mercantile  life,  and  asked  to  be 
placed  in  a store.  Two  years  as  a boy  in  various  establish- 
ments sufficed  to  prove  to  him  and  his  family  that  his  voca- 
tion did  not  lay  in  that  line.  He  returned  to  the  grammar 
school  and  applied  his  time  and  energy  to  his  studies.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  entered  the  Philadelphia  High 
School,  taking  rank  at  the  head  of  his  class.  Here  he 
made  rapid  progress,  developing  considerable  talent  for 
oratory  and  drawing,  both  of  which  natural  gifts  he  im- 
proved and  afterwards  made  of  practical  service.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  school  work  he  produced  some  creditable  prose 
and  poetry,  which  was  published  in  the  newspapers.  Eeb- 
ruary  13th,  1851,  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  he  graduated 
from  the  high  school,  his  position  as  head  of  his  class  en- 
titling him  to  deliver  the  honorary  address.  Shortly  before 
graduating  he  was  one  of  two  scholars,  chosen  for  profi- 
ciency in  phonography,  to  report  an  important  law  case  in 
which  Francis  Wharton,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Philadelphia, 
was  interested.  Mr.  Wharton  was  so  well  pleased  with 
their  work  that  he  offered  the  young  men  an  opportunity  to 
read  law  in  his  office,  and  both  accepted.  During  the  three 
years  Mr.  Fisher  passed  in  Mr.  Wharton’s  office  he  taught 
one  year  as  an  assistant  professor  in  the  high  school  and 
two  years  in  charge  of  a private  school.  In  1854  he  went 
to  Cincinnati,  where  he  continued  his  law  studies  in  the  law 
office  of  Taft,  Keys  & Peri-y,  remaining  with  this  firm  until 
his  admission  to  the  bar.  He  turned  his  attention  to  patent 
law,  a special  practice  for  which  he  had  rare  qualifications. 
Business  came  to  him  plentifully,  and  it  was  not  many  years 
before  his  practice  was  so  large  in  the  East  that  he  was 
obliged  to  associate  with  him  General  Samuel  A.  Duncan, 
who  took  charge  of  the  New  York  office  of  the  firm.  Mr. 
I'isher  achieved  a national  reputation  as  an  acute  lawyer, 
an  honest  counsellor,  and  an  advocate  with  few  equals. 
Mr.  Justice  Blatchford,  of  New  York,  once  said  in  open 
court  that  he  was  “ the  best  patent  lawyer  in  the  United 
States.”  October  2d,  1856,  he  married  Aurelia  Crossette, 
in  Morris  county.  New  Jersey.  The  two  were  joined  by 
the  bride’s  father.  Rev.  Robert  Crossette.  When  the  Con- 
federate army  invaded  Ohio  Mr.  Phsher  responded  to  the 
call  for  hundred  days’  men.  He  joined  the  service.  May 
2d,  1864,  as  Colonel  of  the  138th  Regiment  Ohio  National 
Guards.  The  regiment  proceeded  South  in  haste,  arriving 
at  Fort  Spring  Hill,  opposite  Point  of  Rocks,  on  Sunday, 
June  19th.  After  a m.onth  pf  active  service  with  the  Army 
of  the  James,  it  was  ordered  to  Cherrystone  Inlet,  eastern 
.shore  of  Virginia,  and  he  was  directed  to  assume  command 
of  all  the  land  forces.  In  this  responsible  place  he  dis- 
charged his  duties  with  the  zeal  and  fidelity  which  marked 
him  through  life.  Having  served  four  months,  his  regiment 
was  mustered  out  at  Camp  Dennison.  Shortly  after  his  re- 
turn home  he  reluctantly  yielded  to  the  solicitation  of  Gen- 
eral J.  D.  Cox,  President  Grant’s  first  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior, and  accepted  the  Commissionership  of  Patents.  His 
associates  in  the  bureau  give  abundant  testimony  of  the 


reforms  which  he  inaugurated,  and  the  enthusiasm  and 
efficiency  with  which  he  performed  his  duties.  At  the 
earnest  request  of  the  President  he  held  the  Commissioner- 
ship  of  Patents  for  some  time  after  Secretary  Cox  retired 
from  the  cabinet.  Returning  to  Cincinnati  he  found  his 
professional  services  more  in  request  than  ever.  His  prac- 
tice continued  to  grow  until  his  sudden  taking  off.  On  the 
1st  of  August,  1874,  with  his  bright  son  Robbie,  then  in  his 
eleventh  year,  he  started  from  Elmira  to  make  a canoe 
voyage  to  Philadelphia,  whence  they  were  to  join  Mrs. 
Fisher  and  her  daughter  Edith,  at  Pigeon  Cove,  Massachu- 
setts. All  went  well  until  the  voyagers  had  passed  Harris- 
burg by  some  fifteen  miles  and  came  upon  the  rapids  known 
as  Conewago  Falls,  the  most  dangerous  point  in  the  Susque- 
hanna. They  were  last  seen  alive  on  the  afternoon  of 
August  13th,  just  above  the  falls.  Later  in  the  day  the 
bodies  were  recovered  and  cared  for,  until  taken  by  the 
family  to  Cincinnati,  h'alher  and  son  were  buried  together 
in  the  Cemetery  of  Spring  Grove.  The  news  of  Colonel 
Fisher’s  untimely  death  created  a painful  sensation  wherever 
he  was  known.  Touching  tributes  were  paid  to  his  memory 
by  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  of  which  he 
was  a useful  member,  by  his  former  associates  and  bis  suc- 
cessor in  the  patent  office,  by  the  survivors  of  his  regiment, 
and  by  the  bars  of  Cleveland  and  Cincinnati.  The  meeting 
of  the  Cincinnati  bar  was  attended  by  the  leading  men  in 
the  profession,  who  united  in  expressing  their  high  regard 
for  the  deceased  as  a man,  a lawyer,  and  a Christian  gentle- 
man. Judge  Alfonso  Taft,  since  Secretary  of  War,  spoke 
of  him  as  a student  in  his  office,  and  referred  tenderly  to 
his  gentle  heart  and  brilliant  mind.  Colonel  Fisher  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Cin- 
cinnati for  many  years.  He  was  prominent  in  mission  and 
Sunda/-school  work.  He  gave  freely  of  his  time  and 
money  to  the  cause  of  Christianity.  In  life  he  gave  his 
services,  in  death  he  left  a rare  example  to  his  fellows. 


I ALES,  CHARLES  THEODORE,  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  of  Toledo,  was  born  in  Fenner, 
Madison  county.  New  York,  December  2d,  1827. 
He  was  educated  at  Lockport,  New  York,  and 
Toledo.  Life  commenced  for  him  in  a printing 
office,  where  he  was  apprenticed  for  five  years. 
His  apprenticeship  ended,  he  worked  as  a journeyman, 
until  in  the  spring  of  1849  he  commenced  the  publication 
of  a Free-Soil  journal  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  with  Hern 
S.  M.  Johnson  as  editor,  and  Walt  Whitman  associate  edi- 
tor, putting  forward  the  name  of  Thomas  H.  Benton,  of 
Missouri,  for  President  in  1852.  He  resumed  printing  as  a 
journeyman,  in  Januaiy,  1850,  and  followed  it  until  the 
spring  of  1861,  when  he  took  the  position  of  City  and 
Commercial  Editor  of  the  Toledo  Blade.  In  this  capacity 
he  continued  until  .-Vugust,  1873.  During  this  period,  in 


I 


A' 


(Galaxy  Puh  Co  Phdad^ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 


637 


1868,  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Toledo  Board  of 
Trade,  the  duties  of  which  oftice  he  stilt  discharges  with 
distinguished  fidelity  and  ability.  Politically,  he  has  been 
a Republican  since  casting  his  first  vote.  He  has  been  a 
melnber  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  many  years,  and  is 
now  Worshipful  Master  of  Sanford  L.  Collins  Lodge,  No. 
396,  of  Ohio. 

^^TANTON,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was 
born,  July  5th,  1809,  in  Cookstown,  county  of 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  and  is  the  third  of  seven  chil- 
dren,  whose  parents  were  James  and  Margaret 
(Harkness)  Stanton.  His  parents  were  both  na- 
tives of  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  members  of  the 
United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland.  His  father  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  lived  on  his  farm  near  Cooks- 
town until  his  death,  November  l ith,  1872  ; his  wife  having 
preceded  him  on  August  23d,  1861.  Neither  of  them 
ever  came  to  America.  Hr.  Stanton  received  a liberal 
education  at  a famous  academy  in  his  native  town.  To- 
wards the  close  of  1826  he  went  into  a drug  store  in  that 
place  to  learn  the  business,  remaining  there  about  a year, 
when  he  proceeded  to  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  where  he 
matriculated  at  the  celebrated  Royal  University  of  that  city, 
and  entered  upon  a course  of  medical  study,  with  a view  of 
practising  that  profession.  In  the  autumn  of  1831  he 
graduated  with  honor  from  the  university,  receiving  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  In  the  spring  of  1832  he 
sailed  for  the  United  .States,  and  landed  first  in  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  tarried  on  a visit  of  a few  weeks,  and 
thence  proceeded  to  Ohio,  and  located  first  at  New  Carlisle, 
Clarke  county,  where  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine. He  remained  there  until  January,  1834,  when  he 
removed  to  Steubenville,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and 
has  established  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  He 
has  been  for  a number  of  years  an  active  and  influential 
member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Association.  In  politi- 
cal sentiment  he  is  a Republican,  but  has  never  sought  nor 
helrl  any  public  office  whatever.  In  religious  belief  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  His  manners 
are  pleasant,  social,  and  courteous,  and  he  enjoys  the 
esteem  and  respect  of  his  fellow  townsmen. 


LLEN,  HORACE  R.,  M.  D.,  Founder  and  Pres- 
ident of  the  National  Surgical  Institute,  was 
born  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  October  21st, 
1834.  His  father,  Jose])h  Allen,  was  a farmer, 
and  died  when  Horace  was  but  seventeen  years 
of  age.  He  was  at  that  early  age  remarkable  for 
his  mechanical  ingenuity,  having  from  his  early  boyhood 
manufactured  and  invented  nearly  all  of  the  implements 
user!  on  his  father’s  farm.  He  could  construct  a wagon. 


plow,  rake,  harrow,  or  build  houses  and  barns.  After  his 
father’s  death  he  resolved  to  educate  himself  and  his  four 
sisters,  and  support  his  mother.  The  farm  aided  him  in 
this  most  laudable  enterprise  only  to  the  extent  of  from  two 
to  three  hundred  dollars  per  year.  The  professors  of  the 
Ohio  University  gave  him  permission  to  sell  books  to  the 
students,  which,  with  hard  labor,  and  profits  on  his  specu- 
lations in  government  lands,  furnished  money  for  the 
expenses  of  himself  and  family.  About  this  time  he 
spent  some  time  in  studying  law,  expecting  to  adopt  the 
legal  profession.  In  the  winter  of  1S55-56  he  examined 
personally  and  purchased  government  lands  in  Iowa. 
While  on  that  expedition  the  thermometer  often  indicated 
twenty  to  thirty  degrees  below  zero.  He  then  returned 
to  Ohio  and  graduated  from  the  Cleveland  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1857.  This  was  a disappointment  to  many  of 
his  friends,  who  desired  him  to  be  a lawyer.  He  then 
removed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  but  soon  after  located 
in  Charleston,  Illinois,  where  he  practised  his  profession, 
kept  a drug  store,  and  was  President  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  in  which  he  had  a controlling  interest.  At  this 
time  he  concluded  that  counting  money  was  not  helping 
humanity,  and  therefore  quit  the  bank  and  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  practice.  Subsequently,  however,  he  speculated 
in  Chicago  real  estate,  and  realized  a profit  of  ^50,000  on  a 
single  transaction.  On  July  ist,  1869,  he  removed  to  In- 
dianapolis, Indiana,  and  at  once  began  to  improve  the  city 
by  making  several  additions,  laying  out  streets,  building 
houses,  etc.  The  establishing  of  the  National  Surgical  In- 
stitute has  been  the  great  event  of  his  life.  Like  every 
other  great  philanthropic  enterprise,  it  had  its  origin  in  sym- 
pathy for  individual  suffering.  This  can  be  illustrated  by  a 
little  incident  which  occurred  in  1856.  While  Dr.  Allen 
was  attending  a course  of  medical  lectures  in  one  of  the 
principal  hospitals  of  the  country,  his  attention  was  arrested 
by  the  case  of  a little  sufferer  from  disease  of  the  spine — 
a little  girl  some  five  years  of  age,  who  was  presented  for 
treatment  to  a surgeon  of  skill  and  celebrity  then  in  charge 
of  the  hospital.  Her  parents  were  informed  that  she  must 
remain  in  the  hospital  under  the  immediate  care  of  the  sur- 
geon, and  might  be  obliged  for  some  months  to  lie  on  her 
back  in  bed.  Although  the  separation  from  their  child  was 
very  trying,  they  were  reconciled  in  tiie  hope  of  a cure  for 
their  darling  child.  It  is  only  necessary  to  say  that  the  lit- 
tle exile  from  home  was  grieved,  terrified,  and  being  alone 
with  strangers,  was  tortured  with  the  fiery,  blazing  “ moxa,” 
and  other  modes  of  treatment  known  at  that  time  as  orthodox. 
.Slowly  the  many  weeks  rolled  on,  and  she  became  a mere 
skeleton.  Her  mother  came  and  would  never  have  recog- 
nized her  little  darling  but  for  the  eyes  that  grew  brighter 
at  her  coming.  Her  wasted  arms  were  clasped  tightly  and 
pleadingly  around  her  neck,  and  her  feeble  cry  was, 
“ Mother,  dear  mother,  take  me  home.”  The  little  victim 
that  had  been  offered  a sacrifice  upon  the  altar  of  ortho- 
doxy, was  taken  home,  where,  with  ]flenty  of  fresh  air 


638 


BIOGRArniCAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


and  food,  she  partially  recovered  from  her  terrible  wounds, 
and  lived  for  many  years,  but  dwarfed  in  stature  and 
sadly  deformed.  This  case,  with  its  revolting  history, 
suggested  to  Dr.  Allen  the  necessity  for  a humane  and 
rational  treatment  of  deformity  and  disease.  From  this 
suggestioTi  sprang  a resolution  to  seek  a better  way,  and  if 
science  and  reason  could  possibly  afford  relief,  a life’s  study 
should  be  devoted  to  the  amelioration  of  such  and  other 
cases.  His  life  from  that  time  has  been  almost  wholly 
devoted  to  discovering  and  adopting  every  means  of  humane, 
jdeasant,  and  effective  treatment  for  all  serious  deformities 
and  diseases  which  come  within  the  range  of  his  special 
liractice.  Some  sixteen  years  have  passed  since  Dr.  Allen 
began  to  carry  into  effect  plans  to  relieve  the  afflicted,  and 
the  most  gratifying  and  assured  success  has  rewarded  the 
pioneer  enterprise.  The  institute  is  to-day  a proud  monu- 
ment of  liberality  and  skill,  and  is  prominent  among  the 
most  philanthropic  enterprises  of  the  age ; is  fulfilling  its 
great  mission  of  subserving  to  the  relief  of  human  misery 
every  discovery,  invention,  and  improvement  within  the 
scope  of  science  and  at  the  command  of  money.  The 
National  Surgical  Institute  was  incorporated  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Indiana,  with  a capital  of  $500,000, 
with  the  avowed  object  of  treating  all  cases  of  surgery  and 
chronic  diseases;  also,  engaging  in  the  manufacture  of  sur- 
gical and  mechanical  appliances,  splints,  bandages,  machin- 
ery, and  other  articles  needed  for  the  treatment  of  the 
afflicted;  also,  with  authority  to  teach  others  the  same  art. 
Tlie  eminent  success  attained  cannot  be  overestimated. 
Tlie  magnanimous  treatment  of  the  poor,  the  moderate  fees 
demanded  of  the  rich,  and  the  explicit  and  candid  manner 
in  which  all  are  treated,  have  gained  for  the  institute  the 
confidence  and  support  of  good  people  througliout  the 
country.  It  has  also  been  indorsed  and  sustained  by  all 
the  intelligent  physicians  who  have  availed  themselves  of 
an  opportunity  to  study  its  claims  to  merit  by  visiting  the 
institute.  The  organization  now  consists  of  four  large, 
complete  institutions,  each  amply  equipped  with  all  neces- 
sary facilities.  They  are  located  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana; 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania;  Atlanta,  Georgia;  and  San 
P'rancisco,  California.  At  Indianapolis  the  Central  Division 
owns  and  occupies  a block  of  buildings  four  stories  high, 
covering  one-quarter  of  a square,  on  the  corner  of  Illinois  and 
Georgia  streets.  These  buildings  are  provided  with  sleep- 
ing rooms  to  accommodate  three  hundred  patients.  On  the 
lower  story  of  the  east  wing  are  thirteen  offices,  which  are 
occupied  for  prescription,  operating,  consultation,  apparatus, 
etc.  Back  of  the  main  buildings  and  connected  with  them 
is  a machine  shop  in  which  are  manufactured  all  kinds  of 
apparatus  and  machinery  for  the  institute.  In  this  shop, 
with  its  forty  horse-power  steam  engine,  and  other  machinery, 
are  employed  twenty  to  thirty  skilled  workmen,  who  are  en- 
gaged constantly,  from  year  to  year,  in  manufacturing  appli- 
ances for  patients  of  the  institution.  The  expense  of  this 
department  in  labor,  material,  and  incidentals,  amounts  to 


over  $75,000  per  annum.  On  the  second  floor  are  parlors 
and  the  dining  hall,  a room  fifty  feet  square  ; also  bath 
rooms,  nursery,  where  children  are  placed  under  charge 
of  a matron  and  nurses.  The  gymnasium,  or  general 
treatment  room,  is  large  and  fitted  up  for  the  requirements 
of  the  patients.  Directly  connected  with  this  apartment 
the  Swedish  movement  machines  and  appliances — compli- 
cated, ingenious,  and  varied  in  character  and  number — 
are  in  full  operation,  driven  by  the  engine  of  the  shops. 
Here  also  are  found  electrical  machines,  batteries,  ingenious 
inventions  for  training  paralytics  to  walk,  for  straightening 
crooked  backs,  contracted  or  stiff  joints,  and  for  the  correc- 
tion of  deformity  and  paralysis  in  general.  No  description 
can  do  justice  to  this  department,  or  convey  full  and  accur- 
ate knowledge  of  its  great  advantages  and  worth.  The 
remainder  of  the  third  floor  is  used  for  sleeping  rooms. 
The  statement  of  the  Recording  Secretary  shows  that  there 
have  been  treated  at  the  institute  32,821  cases,  which  in- 
clude all  kinds  of  deformities  and  diseases.  If  to  this  large 
number  all  of  the  charity  patients  were  added,  the  number 
would  be  astonishingly  large.  It  is  impossible  to  itemize 
the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  which  have  been 
expended  in  medicines  and  apparatus.  Thirty  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  assistants,  whose  medical  education  has  been 
according  to  the  strictest  professional  code,  have  performed 
this  mighty  work  of  relieving  and  restoring  to  health  suffering 
humanity.  Dr.  Allen  is  now  but  little  more  than  forty-one 
years  of  age,  yet  the  wonderful  work  he  has  accomplished 
would  seem  to  have  required  at  least  threescore  and  ten 
years.  He  is  a member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Indianapolis,  and  is  a liberal  contributor  to  all  charitable 
enterprises.  Notwithstanding  the  great  amount  of  work  he 
daily  perforrr.s  at  the  institute,  he  finds  time  to  interest 
himself  in  the  welfare  of  the  city,  and  is  President  of  the 
street  railroads  and  other  institutions.  In  May,  1856,  he 
married  Harriet  E.  Shepard,  by  whom  he  has  four  children. 


^f^r)6iES,  JOSI.'MI,  the  founder  of  Tiffin,  Ohio,  was 
Qj J|  H born,  April  9th,  1778,  near  West  Liberty,  Berke- 
^1  I ley  county,  Virginia.  He  left  his  father’s  home 
A at  an  early  age,  with  the  determination  to  carve 

^ ^ out  his  own  fortune.  The  first  enterprise  which 
he  undertook  on  his  own  account  was  a trading 
excursion  to  New  Orleans  on  a flat-boat  laden  with  fruit, 
which  he  floated  down  the  Ohio  river  from  Wheeling  to 
New  Orleans,  the  voyage  lasting  six  w'eeks.  He  finally 
settled  in  Ohio,  in  l8oi,  one  year  before  it  was  admitted  as 
a State,  and  located  in  Belmont  county,  where  for  a number 
of  years  he  was  one  of  its  most  active  and  prominent  citi- 
zens. He  was  the  first  Sheriff  of  that  county,  and  for  a 
term  of  years  Clerk  of  the  Court.  He  next  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  .St.  Clairsville.  His  capital  was  lim- 
ited, but  was  slowly  and  surely  increased  by  prudence  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 


639 


sagacity.  In  those  days  merchants  in  the  West  were  wont 
to  purchase  their  goods  in  Philadelphia,  journeying  across 
the  Allegheny  mountains  on  horseback,  and  carrying  their 
specie  in  their  saddle-bags.  In  1819  he  opened  a branch 
store  in  Mansfield,  having  as  a partner  his  brother.  General 
James  Hedges.  Soon  after  this  he  removed  from  St. 
Clairsville  to  Mansfield,  and  in  1S20  made  a journey  to 
P'ort  Ball— it  now  being  a part  of  Tiffin.  He  immediately 
decided  to  enter  the  land  opposite  to  Fort  Ball,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Sandusky  river,  on  which  the  county  seat  was  located 
and  the  city  of  Tiffin  was  afterwards  built ; and  proceeding 
to  the  Land  Office  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  made  the  purchase 
of  the  same  from  the  government.  In  1S22  the  first  stick 
was  cut  on  that  part  of  Tiffin  now  in  the  P'irst  ward,  and 
during  the  same  year  the  first  frame  house  on  the  town 
plat  was  erected  and  used  as  a store — now  known  as  the 
“ Old  Masonic  Hall.”  He  also  built,  in  that  same  year,  a 
flouring  mill  on  the  Sandusky  river,  and  a saw-mill  on 
Rocky  creek,  both  of  which  were  largely  patronized  by  the 
j)ioneers  of  that  day.  By  a prudent  and  liberal  course  in 
disposing  of  his  town  lots  he  saw  the  place  increase  steadily 
in  population,  and  in  1828  he  secured  the  removal  of  the 
Land  Office  from  Delaware  to  Tiffin,  thus  giving  the  town 
a renewed  impetus.  In  1831  he  was  chosen  to  represent 
the  district  in  the  Ohio  Legislature,  serving  one  session. 
In  1837  he  disposed  of  his  store  to  a son,  and  retired  from 
trade,  giving  his  attention  from  that  time  until  his  death  to 
his  real  estate  interests  in  Tiffin,  which  were  necessarily 
very  large.  In  his  younger  days  he  was  an  athletic  and 
vigorous  man,  and  in  his  old  age  retained  in  a remarkable 
degree  his  manly  sense  and  vigor  of  mind,  transacting  and 
managing  up  to  the  last  his  own  business  affairs.  He  was 
generous  and  just  in  his  dealings  with  his  fellow-men, 
benevolent  to  all  Christian  denominations,  in  most  cases 
donating  the  lots  on  which  their  churches  were  erected,  and 
was  liberal  towards  all  public  improvements.  He  was  a 
friend  to  the  poor,  as  many  citizens  can  testify,  well  remem- 
bering his  kindness  and  leniency  to  them.  In  all  the 
relations  of  life  he  was  a just  and  a sincere  man.  He  was 
a good  citizen  and  a true  and  steadfast  friend.  As  a father, 
affectionate  and  indulgent ; and  by  his  kindred,  both  old 
and  young,  he  will  ever  be  gratefully  remembered.  To 
him  they  could  always  go,  and  his  heart  was  ever  open  to 
them.  His  sagacity  and  foresight  were  such  that  his  advice 
was  often  sought ; and  so  excellent  was  his  judgment  that 
he  rarely  erred  in  giving  it.  Although  not  a member  of 
any  church,  he  was  a good  and  true  man,  and  upon  his 
dying  couch  he  expressed  to  his  friends  a willingness  to 
die,  and  assured  them  of  his  unfaltering  trust  in  that 
“ Saviour  who  has  promised  to  save  all  who  may  turn  to- 
wards Him  in  faith  and  penitence.”  He  dropped  away 
quietly,  as  if  but  entering  upon  a sleep.  Without  a groan 
or  struggle  the  good  old  man  took  his  dejiarture  and,passed 
away  “ like  one  that  draws  the  drapery  of  his  couch  about 
him  and  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams.”  He  was  first 


married,  September  29th,  1803,  to  Rebecca  Russell,  in  Bel- 
mont county,  Ohio,  and  had  by  this  union  six  children,  two 
only  of  whom  are  now  living  — Mrs.  Rebecca  Walker, 
widow  of  Joseph  Walker;  and  Mrs.  Clarinda  Hunter, 
widow  of  William  Hunter,  all  of  Tiffin.  His  first  wife 
died  July  8th,  1816,  aged  thirty-one  years.  After  a widow- 
erhood  of  one  year  he  was  married,  July  loth,  1S17,  to 
Eliza  Hammerly,  of  Martinsburg,  Virginia,  having  by  this 
marriage  nine  children,  of  whom  six  are  still  living — his 
son,  William  C.  Hedges,  a real  estate  dealer  in  Tiffin; 
Cynthia  A.,  wife  of  Luther  A.  Hall;  Mary  Jane,  wife  of 
A.  C.  Baldwin ; Minerva,  wife  of  Harrison  Noble;  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  G.  Gross,  all  residents  of  Tiffin  ; and 
Sarah  V.,  wife  of  W.  W.  Armstrong,  of  the  Plain  Dealer, 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  His  second  wife  died  Novemlier  loth, 
1837.  He  was  last  married,  October  29th,  1844,  to  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Henry  Snook,  of  Seneca  county,  who  survives 
him.  He  died  in  Tiffin,  July  15th,  1858. 


CLEAN,  HON.  DANIEL,  Farmer  and  Banker, 
was  born,  October  3d,  1S05,  in  Ross  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  youngest  child  of  Duncan  and 
Elizabeth  (McGaraugh)  McLean.  His  father 
was  a native  of  Scotland,  who  through  life  fol- 
lowed agricultural  pursuits.  He  emigrated  to 
America  in  1760,  and  settled  first  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  removing  to  Ohio  in  1805,  and  located  in 
Ross  county,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  August  2d, 
1806.  He  had  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Joseph 
McGaraugh,  an  early  settler  of  Westmoreland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  .She  died  January 
1st,  1850.  Daniel  obtained  only  a limited  education,  being 
that  obtained  in  the  common  schools  in  the  neighborhood 
of  his  father’s  farm.  When  fourteen  years  old  he  became 
a clerk  in  a store  in  Washington,  Fayette  county,  where  he 
labored  very  industriously  until  1830,  when  he  went  into 
business  on  his  own  account,  keeping  a general  store,  and 
was  thus  employed  for  some  ten  years.  In  1840  he  re- 
moved to  his  farm  in  Union  township,  adjacent  to  Wash- 
ington, where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  P'irst  National  Bank,  and  associated 
banking  with  agricultural  pursuits;  commencing  with  a 
capital  of  875,000,  which  has  since  been  increased  to 
8300,000.  His  political  views  are  those  of  the  Republican 
party.  He  cast  his  first  Presidential  vote  for  John  Quincy 
Adams.  In  1826  he  was  elected  Coroner  of  Fayette 
county,  and  served  in  that  office  for  four  years.  In  1842  he 
was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  the  same  county,  by  the  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  in 
1843  was  elected  to  the  same  office,  being  on  the  bench 
about  eight  years.  In  1851  he  was  elected  a Director  of 
the  Cincinnati,  Wilmington  & Zanesville  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  served  in  that  capacity  for  thirteen  years.  He  is 


640 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


a large  stockholder  ia  the  Dayton  & Southeastern  Railroad, 
and  in  the  Springfield,  Jackson  & Pomeroy  Railroad  Com- 
panies. He  is  also  largely  interested  in  the  capital  stock 
of  the  Coal  & Iron  Company  of  Wellston,  Jackson  county. 
Religiously,  his  views  are  not  circumscribed  by  the  creed 
of  any  particular  church.  Socially,  he  is  pleasant,  frank, 
and  affable.  He  has  led  a temperate  life,  and  has  been  a 
hard  worker,  giving  his  whole  soul  to  whatever  matter 
engaged  his  attention.  He  started  out  in  life  with  no 
capital  but  his  industry,  energy,  and  perseverance,  and 
having  been  the  architect  of  his  own  fortunes,  can  point  to 
his  present  commanding  position  as  the  result  of  wliat 
untiring  diligence  can  perform.  He  may  with  great  pro- 
priety be  termed  a self-made  man.  He  was  married  in 
1830  to  Helena,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Boyd,  a prominent 
physician  and  early  pioneer  of  Highland  county,  Ohio. 
She  died  in  1849,  having  been  the  mother  of  five  children. 
He  was  again  married  in  1852  to  Mary  Sprague,  a native 
of  Berkshire  county,  Massachusetts,  who  died  in  1854.  He 
was  united  in  marriage,  in  1856,  to  Matilda,  daughter  of 
Isaac  Hagler,  an  early  pioneer  of  Fayette  county,  who  is 
still  living. 


- OZADD,  FRANK  M.,  Attorney-at-Law,  was  born 
in  Lewis  county,  Virginia,  on  March  19th,  1837. 
His  father  moved  to  (Jhio  in  1845,  and  died  dur- 
ing the  same  year.  He  is  self-educated,  having 
been  left  at  his  father’s  death  entirely  dependent 
on  his  own  resources.  A school  he  never  at- 
tended after  he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  but  by  close  study 
he  succeeded  in  securing  a substantial  knowledge  of  the 
ordinary  branches  of  information.  In  1852  he  moved  to 
Cincinnati,  arriving  in  the  city  without  money  or  friends. 
His  first  employment  was  obtained  in  a dry-goods  store  as 
errand  boy.  There  he  remained  for  four  years,  when  he 
began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Baldwin,  at 
Blanchester,  Ohio.  After  completing  his  legal  studies,  in 
i860,  he  removed  to  Iowa  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  When  the  war  broke  out,  in  1861,  he  re- 
turned to  Virginia,  having  interests  there,  and  assumed  the 
editorship  of  The  IVesi  Virginia  Tepithiican,  published  at 
Buchanan.  There  he  continued  until  1866,  when,  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother,  George  Cozadd,  he  purchased 
7he  Daily  Gazette,  a paper  published  at  Parkersburg,  \Vest 
Virginia,  and  edited  it  until  1867.  He  was,  however,  on 
the  wrong  side  politically  for  that  .State,  being  an  outspoken 
Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian  school.  This  difference  be- 
tween his  views  and  those  of  a majority  of  his  patrons 
caused  the  business  to  assume  an  unprofitable  character, 
and  he  gave  it  up.  Returning  to  Cincinnati  to  try  his  for- 
tune once  more,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
During  the  same  year  (1867)  he  was  married  to  the 
daughter  of  Colonel  James  S.  Couden,  of  Warren  county, 
Ohio.  In  1870  he  started  a bank  in  Morrow,  Ohio,  under 


the  style  of  the  Morrow  Bank.  This  enterprise  proved 
quite  successful,  and  he  continued  it  until  1874.  At  this 
time,  loving  his  profession  better  than  banking,  notwith- 
standing the  more  profitable  character  of  the  latter,  he 
again  turned  his  whole  attention  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
Cincinnati.  He  now  enjoys  an  extensive  and  lucrative 
practice,  with  the  high  regard  of  his  clients  and  a large 
circle  of  friends.  In  the  fullest  sense  of  the  term  he  is  a 
self-made  man. 


ORRLS,  JONATHAN,  M.  D.,  wms  born  on  De- 
cember 1st,  1824,  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  the  sixth  of  seven  children,  whose  parents 
were  Abraham  and  .Sophia  (Kughn)  Morris. 
His  father — of  .Scotch-lrish  extraction — was  a 
native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  followed  through  life  the  trade  of  carpenter.  He 
moved  to  Ohio  about  1818,  settling  in  Guernsey  county, 
whence  he  removed  in  1822  to  Morgan  county,  where  he 
lived  till  his  death,  in  1835.  He  was  a soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812.  Jonathan’s  mother  was  of  German  family,  but 
was  born  in  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania.  The  lad  was 
early  taught  moral  and  industrious  habits.  He  worked  on 
a farm  when  a boy,  attending  school  in  winter.  His  edu- 
cation was  liberal,  and  obtained  by  his  own  exertions.  Left 
fatherless  at  the  age  of  eleven,  he  worked  for  an  uncle  for 
eighteen  months;  and  then  for  about  a year  on  a farm,  at 
five  dollars  a month.  In  1838  he  entered  a store  in  Wash- 
ington county,  and  clerked  for  about  two  years.  Thereafter 
he  pursued  the  same  calling  in  Gallipolis  for  about  five 
years,  studying  the  while  medicine,  and  for'  a year  law, 
which  he  abandoned  from  conscientious  scruples.  In  1845 
he  gave  his  whole  attention  to  medicine,  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  James  M.  Cromley,  of  Gallipolis,  reading  assiduously 
for  about  two  years  and  attending  lectures  at  Cleveland 
Medical  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1847.  He  at  once 
began  practice  in  Burlington,  Ohio.  A year  later  he  moved 
to  Powellsville,  Scioto  county,  but  in  five  months  started 
merchandising  at  Harrisonville,  so  continuing  for  about  two 
years.  In  1850  he  sold  out  his  store  and  resumed  practice 
for  three  years  in  Ironton.  In  1853  he  passed  five  months 
speculating  at  Gallipolis,  whence  he  moved  to  Ashland, 
Kentucky,  and  practised  for  three  years,  also  editing  a 
newspaper  and  carrying  on  a store.  During  1856  he  moved 
on  to  a farm  near  Burlington,  Ohio,  and  stayed  there  one 
year.  Then  he  returned  to  Ironton,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided and  enjoyed  an  extensive  medical  practice,  except 
during  the  war.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as  Surgeon 
of  the  9th  Virginia  Regiment,  and  served  with  it  till  the 
spring  of  1865,  being  mainly  with  the  8th  Army  Corps, 
in  Virginia,  part  of  the  time  as  Brigade  Surgeon  and  part 
as  Division  Surgeon.  Captured  at  Guyandotte,  Virginia, 
on  November  loth,  1861,  he  was  confined  in  Libby  prison 
for  four  months,  then  paroled  and  afterwards  exchanged. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOILEDIA. 


641 


He  is  a Republican,  but  has  never  sought  political  office. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  served  two 
years.  He  is  a member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  is 
remarkable  for  high  character,  untiring  energy  and  in- 
dustry. In  1848  he  was  married  to  Emi'.y  J.  Wilson,  a 
native  of  Cabell  county,  Virginia. 


EATTV,  HON.  JOHN,  son  of  James  and  Eliza- 
beth (Williams)  Beatty,  was  born  near  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  December  i6lh,  1828.  He  received  a good 
common  school  education,  and  located  in  busi- 
ness at  Cardington,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in 
banking.  He  was  an  active  supporter  of  John 
P.  Hale  for  the  Presidency  in  1852,  and  of  John  C.  Fre- 
mont in  1856,  and  was  a Presidential  elector  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket  in  i860.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion 
he  raised  a company  for  the  Union  army,  was  unanimously  | 
chosen  Captain,  and  reported  with  his  men  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  on  the  19th  of  April,  1861.  He  was  elected  1 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  3d  Ohio  Infantry,  and  re-elected 
to  that  position  when  the  regiment,  at  the  expiration  of  its  1 
three  months’  enlistment,  reorganized  for  the  three  years’  | 
service.  Colonel  Beatty  was  with  Generals  McClellan  and 
Rosecrans  in  their  campaign  in  western  Virginia,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1861-62  was  transferred  to  Kentucky  and  as- 
signed to  General  O.  M.  Mitchel’s  division.  In  the  spring 
of  1862  he  was  commissioned  a Colonel,  and  accompanied 
Mitchel  in  his  descent  upon  northern  Alabama,  taking  part 
in  the  affair  at  Bridgeport,  in  that  State,  and  was  subse- 
quently appointed  Provost  Marshal  at  Huntsville.  He  re- 
turned with  the  army  to  the  Ohio  river,  and  fought  at  the  [ 
head  of  his  regiment  in  the  battle  of  Perryville,  Kentucky, 
in  October,  1862.  He  commanded  a brigade  at  Stone 
River,  and,  on  the  first  day  of  the  battle,  as  is  stated  in  Van 
Horne’s  “ Hi.story  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,”  his 
command,  in  conjunction  with  Sheppard’s,  Scribner’s  and 
the  pioneer  brigades,  “ saved  the  centre,  and  the  army.”  j 
On  the  night  of  January  3d  he  attacked  a portion  of  the  i 
enemy’s  works  lying  near  the  Murfreesboro’  pike,  and 
carried  them  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  Soon  after  this  ! 
he  was  commissioned  a Brigadier-General,  to  rank  from 
November  29th,  1862,  and  participated  in  the  Tull.ahoma 
campaign,  during  which  he  dislodged  the  enemy  from  his 
position  on  Elk  river.  He  afterwards  served,  by  appoint- 
ment of  General  George  IT.  Thomas,  as  President  of  a 
Board  to  examine  applicants  for  commissions  in  colored 
regiments;  was  with  the  army  in  the  Chattanooga  cam- 
paign, led  the  advance  into  Georgia,  struck  the  enemy  at 
Johnson’s  Crook  and  Cooper’s  Gap,  and  was  with  Generals  ^ 
Baird  and  Negley  in  the  affair  at  Dug  Gap.  In  the  battle  . 
of  Chickamauga  General  Beatty  commenced  the  fighting  of  ■ 
the  first  day  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  line,  and  of  the  ' 
second  day  on  the  extreme  left,  and  continued  on  the  field  \ 
81 


j until  the  battle  ended.  On  the  day  following  he  repulsed 
' a heavy  reconnoitring  column  of  the  enemy  at  Rossville. 
He  was  on  the  left  with  Sherman  at  Mission  Ridge,  but 
during  the  battle  his  command  formed  a part  of  the  reserve. 
On  the  day  following  he  led  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and 
overtaking  the  rebel  General  Maury  at  Graysville,  engaged 
and  finally  drove  him  from  his  position  by  a charge.  He 
then  accompanied  General  Sherman  in  the  march  to  Knox- 
ville for  the  relief  of  Burnside.  In  1864  he  resigned,  for 
personal  reasons.  General  Beatty  was  elected  to  the 
P'ortieth  Congress,  and  served  as  a member  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Invalid  Pensions.  He  was  re-elected  by  an  in- 
creased majority  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  and  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds.  Pie  was  re-elected,  again  by  an  increased 
majority,  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  and  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  House  Joint  Committee  on  Printing.  At 
the  close  of  his  term  he  was  strongly  solicited  to  be  again 
the  candidate  of  his  party  for  re-election,  but  declined. 
He  now  resides  in  Columbus,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the 
business  of  banking. 

HOEMAKER,  ROBERT  M.,  Railroad  Promoter, 
was  born,  October  21st,  1815,  in  the  town  of 
German  P lats,  now  the  village  of  Mohawk,  Her- 
kimer county.  New  York.  His  ancestors  were 
among  the  early  Dutch  settlers  of  the  Mohawk 
country.  His  father  was  a man  of  prominence  in 
that  section.  He  was  largely  intrusted  with  the  adminis- 
tration and  settlement  of  estates,  and  to  help  him  in  his 
labors  he  had  his  son,  Robert,  study  surveying.  In  1834, 
at  the  age  of  nineteen,  Robert  was  employed  as  “ forward 
chainman  ” by  N.  S.  Roberts,  State  Engineer,  who  was 
then  engaged  in  improving  the  Erie  canal.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  obtained  a mathematical  education  at  Cazenovia 
Seminary.  On  the  Utica  & Schenectady  Railroad  he  ac- 
quired a knowledge  of  civil  engineering.  Before  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road  he  became  Assistant  Resident  Engineer. 
In  1836  he  was  one  of  a party  who  made  a survey  for  a 
railroad  in  Canada,  a task  which  English  engineers  had 
twice  failed  to  accomplish.  It  was  completed  in  less  than 
three  months,  after  much  hard  work  and  exposure.  This 
work  done,  he  was  employed  to  go  to  Ohio  to  make  surveys 
for  what  is  now  known  as  the  Lake  Shore  road.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1837,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  was  appointed 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Mad  River  & Lake  Erie  Railroad. 
An  engine  for  this  road,  which  was  landed  from  a schooner 
at  Sandusky  City  in  July,  1838,  was  the  first  locomotive  in 
Ohio.  It  was  called  the  “ Sandusky.”  In  1838  he  was 
appointed  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  but 
at  the  same  time  retained  his  position  on  the  Mad  river  en- 
terprise. The  first  locomotive,  the  “Governor  Morrow,” 
was  put  upon  the  Little  Miami  road,  under  his  superin- 
tendence, in  1840.  From  1843  *0  1849,  funds  could  be 


642 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPyEDIA. 


oljtained,  he  continued  to  prosecute  the  Mad  river  enter- 
prise. At  the  latter  date  he  accepted  the  appointment  of 
Chief  Engineer  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & Dayton 
Railroad.  This  ro.ad,  one  of  the  best  built  in  Ohio,  was 
completed  in  1851.  In  1852  he  resigned  this  position  and 
accepted  that  of  Engineer-in  Chief  on  the  Covington  & 
I.exington  Railroad,  in  Kentucky,  which  he  built  as  far  as 
Cynthiana,  in  that  State.  Leaving  this  enterprise,  he  un- 
dertook the  construction  of  the  Dayton  & Michigan  Rail- 
road, between  Dayton  and  Toledo.  Its  progress  was 
impeded  by  the  inability  of  the  company  to  sell  its  bonds. 
Realizing  the  importance  of  the  work,  he  induced  several 
capitalists  to  co  operate  with  him  in  the  completion  of  the 
work  as  a speculation.  After  much  hard  work  they  were 
eventually  successful.  A perpetual  lease  of  the  road  was 
soon  after  given  to  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & Dayton 
Railroad  Company,  the  owners  realizing  handsomely  from 
their  investment.  In  the  summer  of  1865  the  now  promi- 
nent and  successful  railroad  promoter  was  induced  to  join 
in  the  construction  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  He 
built  that  portion  of  the  road  from  Leavenworth  to  Fort 
Wallace,  Kansas,  a distance  of  four  hundred  and  five  miles. 
This  was  accomplished  by  October,  1868,  at  which  date  he 
severed  his  connection  with  the  enterprise.  He  had  many 
difficulties  to  contend  with  not  in  his  contract.  A cholera 
scourge  swept  off  two  hundred  and  thirtyof  his  men  in  the 
short  space  of  two  weeks,  and  the  hostility  of  the  Indians 
led  to  the  killing  and  wounding  of  many  others.  He  re- 
turned to  Ohio  in  1868,  and  for  a long  time  refused  any 
professional  employment.  In  the  summer  of  1870  he  was 
induced  to  undertake  the  construction  of  the  Cincinnati  & 
•Springfield  Railroad,  known  as  the  “ Dayton  Sliort  Line.” 
He  is  now  the  President  and  moving  spirit  of  the  enter- 
prise. His  life  has  been  one  of  great  business  activity  and 
hard  work,  and  has  been  prolific  of  good  results  to  his 
fellow-men.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  pioneer  railroad 
men  of  the  West.  He  has  an  office  in  Cincinnati,  and 
a residence  at  Glendale. 

AGUE,  SLKCLAIR  MERRYMAN,  Lawyer,  was 
born,  July  6th,  1834,  in  Leesville,  Carroll  county, 
Ohio,  of  American  parentage  and  English  de- 
scent. He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools, 
leaving  the  latter  in  1851,  when  he  commenced 
teaching;  and  was  so  occupied  until  1855  in  the 
counties  of  Tuscarawas,  Harrison  and  Carroll.  He  then 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  George  W.  Mclivaine, 
now  Chief-Justice  of  the  .Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Zanesville,  September  12th,  1857. 
He  commenced  his  legal  practice  at  New  Philadelphia, 
where  he  continued  until  1859,  when  he  removed  to 
Florida,  Henry  county,  where  he  taught  school  during  that 
winter.  On  May  8th,  i860,  he  again  changed  his  location, 
and  finally  settled  at  Napoleon,  where  he  resumed  the  prac- 


tice of  law,  and  where  he  has  since'  resided.  By  strict 
attention  to  all  matters  intrusted  to  his  care  he  has  secured 
a large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a leading  and  promi- 
nent member  of  the  United  States  Law  Association.  In 
political  faith  he  is  a Republican.  Personally,  he  is  of 
medium  stature,  prepossessing  in  appearance,  of  slender  but 
compact  form,  denoting  great  endurance  in  mental  and 
physical  labor.  He  was  married,  October  2d,  i860,  to 
Helen  O’Hagan,  of  Shanesville,  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio. 


^LOVER,  ELIJAH,  Printer,  Editor  and  Lawyer, 
^ was  born.  May  nth,  l8ii,in  Portsmouth,  Ohio, 
and  is  the  sixth  child  (of  nine)  of  Elijah  and 
Catherine  (Jones)  Glover,  both  natives  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  and  early  settlers 
of  Scioto  county.  His  father  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1798,  and  first  located  at  Alexandria,  Scioto  county,  re- 
moving subsequently  to  Portsmouth,  where  he  kept  an  inn 
for  many  years,  and  also  a hat  store.  In  this  latter  building 
the  first  court  of  .Scioto  county  held  its  first  session.  He 
was  Sheriff  of  the  county  for  a number  of  years,  was  a 
soldier  of  the  war  of  1812,  and  took  a very  active  part  in 
all  the  early  organizations  and  public  enterprises  of  that 
section.  Elijah  worked  on  a farm  until  he  was  sixteen,  at- 
tending school  in  winter;  and  being  a good  student  acquired 
a better  education  than  generally  fell  to  the  lot  of  the  yo.uth 
of  the  frontier  settlements  in  those  days.  In  1828  he  be- 
came an  apprentice  to  the  printer’s  trade  in  Portsmouth,  in 
the  office  of  the  IVcsta-n  Times,  z.m\  remained  there  until 
about  1830,  when  he  established  a newspaper  himself, 
called  the  Portsmouth  Corn  ier,  which  he  edited  and  pub- 
lished for  about  five  years.  He  also  became  a bookseller 
and  publisher,  and  so  continued  until  1839,  when  he  was 
elected  County  Auditor,  and  then  disposed  of  his  book  and 
publication  establishment.  He  was  twice  thereafter  re- 
elected Auditor,  and  held  the  office  for  six  years.  Mean- 
while he  read  law  with  great  industry,  and  in  1847  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  entered  at  once  upon  the  practice 
of  that  profession,  in  which  he  has  continued  to  the  present 
time.  He  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1850,  and 
held  the  position  one  term.  In  1866  he  was  appointed 
Register  in  Bankruptcy  by  Chief-Justice  Chase,  and  re- 
signed that  office  in  1870.  He  was  a member  of  the  Ohio 
Legislature  from  January,  1864,  to  January,  1870,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1870.  He  was  originally  a Henry  Clay  Whig, 
and  latterly  a Republican.  His  religious  faith  is  that  as 
held  by  the  Methodists.  He  is  an  earnest  and  active  tem- 
perance man,  and  in  1854  published  a temperance  paper 
called  the  Life  Boat,  both  daily  and  weekly  issues.  He 
first  advocated  temperance  principles  in  1840.  He  was 
married  in  1833  to  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  George  Offner, 
formerly  of  Winchester,  Virginia,  but  an  early  settler  of 
Scioto  county,  Ohio. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOILEDIA. 


643 


AAG,  IION.  JOHN  MARION,  Lawyer,  Editor 
and  Legislator,  was  born,  August  l6th,  1S36,  in 
Union  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a son  of  Peter 
H.  and  Catharine  (Conrad)  Haag;  his  father  was 
by  profession  a lawyer,  and  descended  from  a 
Holland  family,  who  had  been  among  the  first 
settleys  of  New  York.  He  was  educated  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  when  seventeen  years  old  went 
to  Ohio,  and  entered  a printing  office  in  Millersburg  to  learn 
the  trade.  He  subsequently  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1859,  at  New  Philadelphia,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Tuscarawas  county.  In 
Inly,  1862,  he  removed  to  Henry  county  and  settled  at 
Napoleon,  where  he  still  resides  and  commands  an  e.xten- 
sive  line  of  patronage.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  became 
the  editor  of  the  A'orthwesi,  and  conducted  that  journal  with 
energy  and  ability  for  five  or  six  years,  making  it  the  recog- 
nized organ  of  the  Democracy  of  the  Tenth  Congressional 
District.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
Probate  Judge  of  Henry  county  to  fill  a vacancy,  and  re- 
elected in  1 865.  He  has  represented  his  district  in  the 
lower  House  of  the  Geneial  Assembly  during  the  years 
1872-75,  where  he  was  recognized  as  a ready  and  fair  de- 
bater, and  a formidable  adversary.  During  the  last  two 
years  of  his  service  in  that  body  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary.  He  has  always  been  an  active, 
consistent  and  energetic  Democrat,  serving  his  party  both 
with  his  pen  and  voice  in  a manner  to  make  warm  friends, 
and  commanding  the  respect  of  his  adversaries.  He  is 
positive  in  everything  he  advances,  and  sometimes  vehement 
in  enforcing  his  views.  At  the  bar  he  has  a fair  standing, 
and  is  recognized  as  among  the  best  orators  in  northwestern 
Ohio.  He  enjoys  at  present  the  leading  law  practice  in 
Henry  county.  He  was  married,  August  17th,  1865,  to 
Martha  J.  Meek,  of  Henry  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  father 
of  three  children. 


* [f^ODGERS,  WILLIAM  A.,  Judge,  was  born,  De- 

1 


c' 

vania.  His  father,  Robert  Rodgers,  was  a miller 
^7)  7,  and  farmer.  On  the  mother’s  side  he  was  de- 
(s  9 ^ scended  from  genuine  fighting  revolutionary  stock, 
his  grandfather,  William  Allen,  having  been  a 
colonel  in  the  revolutionary  army,  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  White^Plains,  and  after  the  close  of 
the  war  appointed  a Judge.  William  Allen  Rodgers,  after 
acquiring  such  knowledge  as  was  to  be  acquired  at  the  com- 
mon schools,  passed  through  a preparatory  course  of  study, 
and  then  entered  Dickinson  College,  at  Carlisle^,  Pennsyl- 
vania. After  graduating  from  this  college,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Kennedy,  in  Pitts- 
burgh. At  the  conclusion  of  the  prescribed  course  of  legal 
studies  he  was  admitted  to  the  b.ir  in  Pittsburgh,  and  then  in 


the  fall  of  1834  he  removed  to  Ohio.  He  settled  in  Spring- 
field,  and  there  began  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  practised 
first  in  partnership  with  General  Anthony,  and  afterwards 
was  associated  in  his  practice  with  Judge  White.  Subse- 
quently he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
'I’leas.  On  September  6th,  1837,  he  married  Elizabeth 
Smith,  daughter  of  George  Smith,  of  College  Hill,  Hamil- 
ton county,  Ohio,  and  originally  of  Dorsetshire,  England. 
Six  children,  three  daughters  and  three  sons,  resulted  from 
this  union.  One  of  the  daughters  died  in  childhood,  but 
the  other  children  survived  to  grow  up.  Judge  Rodgers 
died  on  May  25th,  1855,  leaving  an  honorable  and  unstained 
memory. 


'OWEN,  HON.  BENJAMIN  S.,  Lawyer  and  Jurist, 
was  born,  September  27th,  1792,  in  Washington 
county.  New  York,  where  he  was  also  educated. 
He  removed  to  Ohio  in  1825,  and  settled  in  the 
village  of  Moorfield,  Harrison  county,  where  he 
practised  medicine  for  a short  time,  but  subse- 
quently studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830. 
He  shortly  afterwards  w'as  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Monroe  county.  In  1832  he  formed  a legal  partnership 
w’ith  William  B.  Hubbard,  and  removed  to  St.  Clairsville, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death.  In  1840  he  was  elected 
to  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress,  where  he  was  made  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Claims.  In  1844  he  W'as  chosen 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  there  recognized  as  the 
acknowledged  leader  of  the  Whig  party  in  the  lower  House. 
He  was  elected  in  1847  a Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  w'as  on  the  bench  until  1853.  He  took  a leading 
part  in  the  founding  of  Brooks’  Institute  and  Seminary,  of 
St.  Clairsville,  where  his  two  sons,  D.  D.  T.  and  B.  R. 
Cow'en,  received  most  of  their  education.  He  was  married, 
in  Washington  county.  New  York,  to  Anne,  daughter  of 
Judge  Wood,  of  that  county.  He  died  on  his  birthday, 
September  27th,  1869,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven 
years,  respected  and  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him. 


ITCHCOCK,  PETER,  Farmer  and  Legislator,  was 
born,  January  l6th,  1818,  in  Burton,  Geauga 
s'5^1 1 I county,  Ohio,  and  is  a son  of  the  late  Judge  Peter 
/ Cri  and  Nabby  (Cook)  Hitchcock,  who  w’ere  both  na- 
tives of  Cheshire,  New  Haven  county,  Connecticut. 
His  father  w'as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Ohio;  his  elder  brother,  Reuben,  W'as  for  some 
years  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  and  another 
brother.  Rev.  Henry  L.  Hitchcock,  was  for  sixteen  years  a 
distinguished  and  pojtular  pastor  of  the  .Second  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  from  1856  to  his  death,  in 
1873,  President  of  the  Western  Reserve  College,  at  Hudson, 


644 


BIOGRArillCAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


Ohio.  Peter  Hitchcock,  the  younger,  received  his  elemen- 
tary education  at  the  academy  in  his  native  town,  and  also 
attended,  after  he  was  twelve  years  old,  the  district  schools, 
only  during  the  winter.  He  early  adopted  the  occupation  of 
an  agriculturist,  and  has  ever  since  resided  on  a pleasant 
farm  near  the  little  village  of  Burton.  When  quite  young 
lie  was  chosen  a local  Magistrate,  and  held  the  position  for 
eighteen  years.  In  1858  he  was  elected  a Representative  to 
the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in  i860.  In  1862  he 
was  chosen  a Senator  from  the  district  composed  of  Geauga, 
Ashtabula  and  Lake  counties.  He  has  been  since  that  date 
elected  three  several  times  to  the  House,  serving  in  the 
.sessions  of  1866-67,  1870-7 1,  and  is  a member  now,  in  1876, 
still  bearing  evidence  of  ability  for  much  hard  work,  and  in 
the  right  direction.  During  his  legislative  career  he  has 
been  placed  upon  important  committees,  usually  on  that  of 
finance,  and  was  its  Chairman  in  1870-71.  Being  thoroughly 
conversant  with  parliamentary  rules  and  tactics,  he  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  1861 ; President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate  while  a member  of  that  body,  and  Speaker  pro  tern, 
of  the  House  in  1866-67.  Pie  was  elected  a member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1873,  and  in  that  body  was  as 
distinguished  a member  as  he  was  throughout  his  legislative 
career,  by  his  practical  ideas  and  application  of  a strong 
common  sense  view  of  public  matters.  He  was  an  influen- 
tial member  of  the  two  important  Committees  on  Revenue 
and  Taxation  and  on  Education;  and  also  originally  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Rules.  He  has  ever  taken  a deep 
interest  in  the  great  system  of  charitable  and  correctional 
institutions  which  distinguish  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  was 
early  identified  with  the  legislation  to  establish  an  institution 
for  the  care  and  instruction  of  feeble-minded  and  imbecile 
youth.  His  interest  and  sympathy  in  that  direction  soon 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  Governor  to  him  as  a suitable 
person  for  a trustee  of  the  institution,  which  position  he  held 
from  1862  to  1874,  when  he  retired  through  a partisan  reor- 
ganization of  the  Board.  During  the  four  years  of  the  civil 
war  many  opportunities  were  afforded  him  both  in  the  Legis- 
lature and  in  frequent  public  meetings,  as  well  as  on  the  field 
of  military  operations  in  service,  and  in  looking  to  the  care 
of  the  dead  and  wounded,  to  testify  to  his  patriotic  love  for 
American  nationality  and  opposition  to  slavery.  He  was 
also  especially  active,  as  a member  of  the  Legislature,  in 
promoting  the  adoption  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  its  success  being  largely 
attributable  to  his  efforts.  Originally  a Whig,  he  has  since 
the  inception  of  the  Republican  party  been  actively  identified 
with  the  latter  organization.  In  religious  faith,  he  is  a firm 
and  unwavering  member  of  the  Congregational  Church,  and 
a liberal  supporter  of  it  in  his  native  (own.  He  is  a man  of 
plain,  unostentatious  appearance.  Starling  in  life  with  only 
such  moderate  educational  advantages  as  were  afforded  to 
the  average  American  youth  before  the  present  educational 
system  was  founded,  he  has,  nevertheless,  been  a close  stu- 
dent during  his  leisure  hours,  and  has  acquired  a vast  fund 


of  knowledge,  which  has  borne  its  fruit  in  the  years  given 
to  his  State  as  a legislator.  He  was  married,  February  8lh, 
1841,  to  Eliza  Ann  Cook,  with  whom  he  has  had  three  sons 
and  one  daughter.  One  of  his  sons  fell  at  the  battle  of 
Perryville,  instantly  killed  by  a shot  in  the  forehead. 


LDS,  HON.  CHAUNCEY  N.,  Lawyer  and  Legis- 
lator, was  born,  February  2d,  1816,  at  Marlbor- 
ough, Vermont.  He  received  a thorough  acad- 
emical and  collegiate  education,  and  graduated 
from  the  Miami  University  in  the  class  of  1836. 
He  was  immediately  elected  a Professor  in  that 
institution,  and  held  the  position  until  1840,  meanwhile  pre- 
paring himself  by  the  usual  course  of  study  for  the  legal 
profession.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law  in  that  year  at  Circleville,  where 
he  resided  for  fifteen  years,  removing  in  1856  to  Columbus, 
which  he  has  made  his  home,  and  where  he  is  still  engaged 
in  professional  pursuits.  He  was  elected  both  to  the  lower 
and  upper  Houses  of  the  General  Assembly  from  Pickaway 
and  Ross  counties,  and  was  a member  of  the  Legislatures 
which  convened  in  1848,  1849  and  1850.  He  filled  the  office 
of  Attorney-General  of  the  State  in  1865.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  the  past  forty-four 
years,  and  has  been  frequently  chosen  as  a lay  delegate  to 
presbyteries  and  synods  of  the  denomination,  and  has  also 
been  twice  a Commissioner  to  the  General  Assembly.  He 
takes  great  intei-est  likewise  in  the  Sunday-school,  and  is 
very  active  in  that  important  adjunct  to  the  church.  He 
has  been  a Trustee  o[  his  A/ma  Mater  for  twenty-five  years. 


RADBURY,  HON.  JOSEPH,  Lawyer  and  Legis- 
lator, was  born,  September  7th,  1807,  in  the  town 
of  Exeter,  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  and  is  the 
fifth  of  ten  children,  whose  parents  were  Joseph 
and  Elizabeth  (Stevens)  Bradbury,  who  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  who  removed  to  Ohio, 
where  he  settled  in  Gallia  county  towards  the  close  of  that 
year,  and  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  September  1st, 
1828.  His  wife  survived  him  some  nine  years;  she  was  a 
native  of  Andover,  Massachusetts,  a daughter  of  Peter 
Stevens,  and  of  English  descent.  Joseph,  the  younger, 
labored  on  the  farm  until  he  was  about  seventeen  years  of 
age,  attending  the  district  school  during  the  winter  season. 
He  then  worked  in  a distillery  for  some  four  years,  and 
when  of  age  returned  to  farming,  occupying  his  leisure 
hours,  for  about  eight  years,  in  the  study  of  law.  In  1836, 
having  been  previously  examined,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
having  his  office  on  his  farm,  where  he  resided,  and  pursuing 
his  avocation  in  the  counties  of  Meigs,  Athens,  Gallia  and 


BIOGRAnilCAL  EXCVCLOIVEDIA. 


645 


Jackson.  In  1852  he  located  in  Cheshire  township,  Gallia 
county,  at  Kygerville,  where  he  opened  his  office,  remaining 
there  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  Gallipolis,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  and  has  established  an  excellent  practice. 
He  was  elected  a Representative  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in 
1861,  and  re-elected  in  1863.  In  1865  he  was  chosen  to 
the  Ohio  Senate.  He  was  again  a candidate  for  the  lower 
House  in  1869,  and  elected,  and  a second  time  re-elected  in 
1871 ; thus  having  been  for  ten  years  a member  of  the  General 
Assembly.  During  his  term  of  service  he  took  a very  active 
part  in  the  indorsement  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the 
Federal  Constitution,  through  the  legislation  of  Ohio.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  a Republican  of  the  radical  school.  His  religious 
creed  is  that  of  the  New  Jerusalem  Church  as  founded  by 
Emanuel  Swedenborg.  He  is,  as  may  be  seen  from  the 
foregoing  record,  emphatically  a self-made  man,  and  has 
raised  himself  from  comparative  obscurity  to  the  prominent 
positions  he  has  filled  and  to  the  practice  he  now  controls. 
He  was  married,  January  nth,  1829,  to  Eliza,  daughter  of 
Elijah  Strong,  a pioneer  settler  of  Meigs  county,  Ohio. 


URSELL,  JAMES,  Farmer,  Merchant  and  Banker, 
was  born,  October  21st,  1813,  in  Ross  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  second  of  six  children,  whose 
parents  were  Reuben  and  Mary  (Jenkins)  Pursell. 
His  father  was  a native  of  western  Pennsylvania, 
who  followed  through  life  mechanical  pursuits. 
He  removed  to  Ohio  about  the  year  1805,  and  settled  at  first 
in  Ross  county,  where  he  resided  until  1832,  when  he  re- 
moved to  F'ayette  county,  which  became  his  future  home, 
and  where  he  died  in  1864.  His  wife  was  also  from  western 
Pennsylvania,  having  been  born  in  Washington  county;  she 
was  the  daughter  of  William  Jenkins,  an  early  settler  in 
eastern  Ohio;  she  died  in  1856.  James  worked  on  a farm 
until  he  was  twenty-four  years  old,  attending  the  common 
school  during  the  winter  season — in  all  about  three  terms. 
In  1835  he  went  to  Washington,  Fayette  county,  but  moved 
a little  later  into  the  country.  In  1840  he  returned  to 
Washington,  having  been  elected  Constable  of  Union  town- 
ship, adjacent  to  the  town,  and  was  engaged  for  about  a year 
attending  to  the  duties  pertaining  to  that  office.  He  was 
appointed,  May  8th,  1841,  Auditor  of  Fayette  county  by  the 
County  Commissioners,  and  was  elected  at  the  following 
general  election,  October,  1841,  to  the  same  office,  and  thrice 
re-elected,  holding  the  position  altogether  about  nine  years. 
After  the  expiration  of  his  official  duties  he  became  interested 
in  a woollen  mill,  and  was  industriously  engaged  as  a manu- 
facturer, and  also  in  buying  and  selling  real  estate,  continu- 
ing in  these  two  avocations  for  about  five  years,  when  he 
relinquished  the  factory,  disposing  of  the  same  to  his  brother, 
and  confining  his  attention  solely  to  dealing  in  lands  for  a 
year  or  two.  He  then  erected  a warehouse  and  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business,  and  also  in  conducting  a large  grocery 


establishment,  both  of  which  occupied  his  attention  for 
several  years.  In  1858  he  started  the  Fayette  County  Bank, 
over  which  he  exercised  a general  supervision  until  about 
1867,  when  he  disposed  of  the  same  to  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Washington.  In  1867  he  returned  to  the  grocery 
and  lumber  business,  in  which  he  continued  until  1869, 
when  he  disposed  of  the  former,  although  he  carried  on  the 
lumber  trade  until  1874.  In  the  last-named  year  he  became 
President  of  the  Merchants’  and  P'armers’  Bank  of  Wash- 
ington, and  has  been  identified  with  its  interests  in  that 
capacity  ever  since.  He  is  largely  interested  as  a stock- 
holder in  the  Dayton  & Southeastern,  as  also  in  the  Spring- 
field  & Pomeroy  Railroad  Companies.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1863,  serv- 
ing four  years  in  that  body.  He  was  appointed,  1869,  by 
President  Grant  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Sixth 
District  of  Ohio.  His  political  creed  is  that  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  ; was  formerly  a Whig,  and  gave  his  first  vote  for 
General  Harrison  for  President.  Personally,  he  is  of  pleas- 
ant and  social  manners,  and  is  much  esteemed  by  his  fellow- 
townsmen.  He  has  always  led  a temperate  life,  and  has 
ever  been  distinguished  for  untiring  energy  and  industry. 
His  pecuniary  circumstances  were  limited  when  he  started 
in  life,  and  his  present  competence  is  the  result  of  his  per- 
severing efforts.  He  was  married.  May  25th,  1841,  to 
Margaret  Hartzell,  of  Pickaway  county,  and  is  the  father  of 
seven  children. 

^ tj^OND,  ARTHUR,  County  Auditor  of  Morgan 
1 1 county,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Ellisburg,  Jefferson 
y Hn  county.  New  York,  September  nth,  1829.  His 
to  rm  father,  a well-known  citizen  of  New  York,  was, 
although  by  profession  a lawyer,  during  the  last 
forty  years  of  his  life  engaged  in  evangelical  labors 
as  a minister  ; he  was  one  of  the  first  graduates  of  Hamilton 
College,  and  esteemed  for  his  extensive  fund  of  varied 
scholarly  attainments.  His  mother  was  a native  of  Rox- 
bury,  Massachusetts.  On  both  sides  of  the  house  the  origin 
of  the  family  may  be  traced  back  to  an  old  and  very  honor- 
able source.  Until  his  seventeenth  year  was  attained  he 
attended  the  academy  in  his  native  place;  was  subsequently 
for  one  year  a student  in  the  schools  of  Marietta,  Ohio,  and 
afterward  pursued  a higher  course  of  studies  in  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, in  Oberlin,  Ohio.  Upon  relinquishing  student  life,  in 
1849,  engaged  in  teaching  school  in  Jefferson  county. 
New  York,  and  sustained  the  role  of  educator  until  1851, 
the  date  of  his  removal  to  Illinois,  where  he  found  emjdoy- 
ment  in  railroad  building,  as  a civil  engineer  on  the  Illinois 
Central  and  Joliet  & Chicago  Railroads.  He  was  busied  in 
this  capacity  until  1858,  when  he  returned  to  New  York, 
and  again  engaged  in  teaching  school,  at  Turin,  until  the 
sitring  of  1861.  He  was  then  appointed  by  Abraham  Lin- 
coln Postmaster  at  Turin,  New  York,  and  fulfilled  the  duties 
of  that  office  for  a term  of  four  years.  In  1863  he  was 


646 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOIAEDIA. 


appointed  Commissioner  of  Board  of  Enrolment,  and  held 
this  position  until  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865,  when  he 
moved  to  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  settling  at  Malta,  opposite 
McConnellsville,  where  he  was  engaged  as  surveyor  until, 
in  1868,  he  was  elected  County  Surveyor.  In  1871  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  surveyorship,  but  within  twelve  days  after 
the  election  was  appointed  County  Auditor,  an  event  due  to 
the  demise  of  his  predecessor  in  that  office.  In  1872,  and 
again  in  1874,  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Auditorship,  and  at 
the  present  time  serves  in  this  position.  In  1850  he  con- 
nected himself  with  the  Masonic  order,  and  is  now  serving 
a second  term  as  Master  of  Valley  Lodge,  lie  is  a promi- 
nent member  of  this  famous  organization,  and  is  highly  es- 
teemed by  his  brethren  as  an  useful  and  able  associate.  He 
was  married,  Decemljer  27th,  i860,  to  Helen  M.  Williston, 
of  Lewis  county.  New  York,  who  died  November  28th, 
1866. 


EIFER,  EDWIN  G.,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born. 
May  2ist,  1846,  in  P'airfield,  Greene  county, 
Ohio,  of  American  parentage.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Maryland,  and  a farmer  by  occupation, 
who  removed  to  Ohio  in  1836;  and  settled  near 
Fairfield.  His  mother  is  a native  of  Ohio.  H is 
preliminary  education  w.as  obtained  in  the  district  school. 
Wlien  but  sixteen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  as  a private  in 
the  44th  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  August  15th, 
1S62,  and  served  with  that  command  about  eighteen 
months,  when  he  re-enlisted  in  the  8th  Ohio  Cavalry,  under 
General  Averill,  and  remained  in  that  regiment  until  June 
3d,  1865,  when  their  term  of  service  expired.  He  was  pro- 
moted, November  3d,  1864,  to  Sergeant  of  Company  H, 
8th  Ohio  Cavalry,  which  position  he  held  when  mustered 
out  of  the  service.  After  his  return  home  he  entered  Wit- 
tiiiburg  College,  at  .Springfield,  Ohio,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  1866.  He  then  attended  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor,  in 
th.at  State,  and  subsequently  matriculated  at  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  graduating  from  the 
latter  school  in  the  spring  of  1869,  and  in  April  of  the  same 
year  he  removed  to  Simesford,  Madison  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  control  of  a lucrative  med- 
ical practice.  He  is  a contributor  to  the  literature  of  the 
profession,  as  well  as  to  the  county  press,  and  has  gained 
some  reputation  as  a writer  over  a noni  de  plwne.  He  has 
been  an  active  and  zealous  member  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  for  the  past  ten  years,  and  is  at  present  Super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday-school,  and  one  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  congregation.  He  has  been  a member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  since  July,  1871,  and 
has  attained  the  highest  honors  in  the  brotherhood.  His 
political  views  have  ever  been  those  adopted  and  held  by 
the  Republican  party.  The  position  he  occupies  at  present 
in  the  community  where  he  resides  is  due  entirely  to  his 


own  industry,  economy,  frugality  and  perseverance.  While 
yet  a youth  attending  school,  he  worked  hard  during  vaca- 
tions, and  laid  by  what  he  earned,  and  after  his  discharge 
from  his  three  years’  service  in  the  army,  he  appropriated 
his  pay,  together  with  what  he  had  previously  saved,  to  de- 
fraying the  expenses  he  incurred  in  studying  medicine. 
Such  a course  ever  meets  with  its  reward,  and  he  is  now 
reaping  the  fruits  of  his  labors,  and  is  respected  and  es- 
teemed by  all  who  know  him.  He  was  married,  January 
15th,  1868,  to  Lou  C.  Trediker,  of  Fairfield,  Greene  county, 
Ohio,  and  is  the  father  of  three  daughters,  all  living. 


XTELL,  MANLEY  WASHINGTON,  Railroad 
Contractor,  was  born,  March  30th,  1831,  on  a 
farm  in  Russia  township,  near  Oberlin,  Lorain 
county,  Ohio,  and  is  descended  from  one  of  three 
brothers,  who  came  to  America  with  the  Puritan 
fathers,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts;  one  of  them 
was  killed  in  the  King  Philip  wars  two  hundred  years  ago. 
Manley  was  educated  in  Oberlin  College,  and  afterwards 
learned  the  carpenter  trade,  in  Amherst,  Ohio,  but  did  not 
fancy  the  business,  as  he  could  not  advance  quickly  in 
the  narrow  field  where  he  then  resided.  He  removed  to 
Chicago,  where  he  disposed  of  his  tools,  and  after  expending 
nearly  all  his  funds,  he  obtained  a situation  as  foreman  on 
the  lilinois  Central  Railroad.  When  he  first  applied  for 
the  situation  some  objection  was  made  on  account  of  his 
age  ; but  upon  his  expressing  that  he  felt  confident  that  he 
could  give  satisfaction,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  a portion 
of  the  line,  and  three  months  after  was  promoted  to  the  po- 
sition of  Chief  Foreman  of  the  entire  road.  He  remained 
so  connected  for  six  years,  and  then  resigned.  He  next 
secured  a contract  to  build  the  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  and 
from  this  time  his  reputation  as  a railway  contractor  in- 
creased, and  he  subsequently  received  and  executed  con- 
tracts with  the  North  Missouri,  the  St.  Louis  & St.  Joseph, 
and  the  St.  Joseph  & Denver  Railroad  Companies,  beside 
several  other  than  railways,  and  from  all  these  he  succeeded 
in  making  a handsome  competence.  He  was  the  contractor 
for  the  stone  to  be  used  in  constructing  the  bridge  across  the 
Missouri  river  at  St.  Joseph,  and  he  jiurchased  a quarry  to 
fulfil  the  stipulations  of  the  contract.  The  total  amounted 
to  $66,000,  but  he  lost  considerably  by  the  operation.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the  army  in  an 
Illinois  three  months’  regiment,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged from  the  service  at  the  expiration  of  five  months. 
He  then  studied  medicine  at  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
Ann  Arbor,  and  graduated  in  1863,  and  shortly  after  became 
an  Assistant  Surgeon  at  Camp  Dennison,  Ohio.  He  has 
travelled  through  every  Slate  and  Territory  in  the  Union, 
east  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  During  the  latter  part  of  the 
war  he  was  residing  in  Missouri.  On  one  occasion,  being 
absent  from  home,  a party  of  five  soldiers  came  to  the  house 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 


647 


and  demanded  dinner,  making  many  threats,  and  brandish- 
ing their  revolvers  in  the  faces  of  the  women,  and  alarming 
them  very  much.  The  meal  was,  however,  prepared,  and 
the  squad  had  just  seated  themselves  as  Mr.  A.xtell  reached 
home.  He  took  in  the  situation  at  a glance,  and  sat  down 
with  them.  As  each  man  had  a revolver  beside  his  plate, 
the  host  produced  his  toothpick,  remarking,  “ We  si,\  men 
are  good  for  three  women  ” — thus  shaming  them.  He  then 
ordered  them  out  of  the  house,  and  they  left  at  his  com- 
mand, minus  the  dinner.  Another  incident  is  related  of  his 
coolness  and  bravery.  While  sojourning  in  Dacotah  Terri- 
tory in  1872,  a party  of  “ regulators  ” stopped  at  his  house 
and  ordered  him  to  get  them  a pail  of  water.  He  pointed 
to  a pail  near  by,  and  remarked,  “There  is  the  pail,  you 
can  get  it  yourselves.  ’ Whereupon  they  drew  their  revolvers 
and  repeated  the  request.  He  then  said  he  had  changed 
his  mind,  and  would  get  it.  Stepping  within  the  house,  he 
obtained  his  pistols,  cocked  them  and  placed  them  in  the 
pail,  and  went  out,  saying,  “ I have  changed  my  mind  again, 
and  I think  I won’t  get  the  water.”  The  leader  of  the 
squad  laughed  at  their  dismay  when  the  cocked  pistols  were 
seen,  and  told  the  others,  “ Get  the  water  yourselves;  he 
don’t  scare  worth  a cent.”  Having  made  a large  fortune, 
he  finally  retired  from  active  business  pursuits  in  1874,  and 
has  settled  in  Amherst,  Ohio,  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his 
labors.  He  was  married  in  1865  to  Catharine  A.,  daughter 
of  Judge  A.  L.  W’hiton. 


'/^ALDWELL,  HON.  WILLIAM  B.,  Lawyer  and 
ex-Chief-Justice  of  Ohio,  was  born  on  his  father’s 
farm,  June  23d,  1808,  in  St.  Clair  township, 
Butler  county,  Ohio.  His  parents  were  AVilliam 
and  Mary  Caldwell,  of  sturdy  north  of  Ireland 
Presbyterian  stock.  They  removed  to  Butler 
county  in  1805,  and  there  followed  the  peaceful  pursuits  of 
agriculture  until  their  death.  Their  son  resided  here  until 
his  twenty-second  year,  doing  farm  labor  and  going  to 
school  whenever  an  opportunity  offered.  In  1830  he  en- 
tered the  Miami  University,  at  Oxford,  in  the  same  county. 
Here  he  remained  (or  five  years,  employing  his  vacations  in 
farm  work.  At  college  he  earned  distinction  as  a ready  and 
forcible  debater.  Most  of  the  scholars  were  his  juniors  in 
years,  and  they  looked  up  to  him  as  a counsellor.  He  was 
graduated  in  1835.  Among  his  cla.ssmates  were  ex-Gov- 
ernor  Dennison,  Hon.  Samuel  F.  Cary,  Hon.  John  A. 
Smith,  and  others.  After  leaving  college  he  began  the  study 
of  law  in  his  native  county,  his  preceptor  being  Hon.  John 
Woods.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837,  and  com- 
menced practice  at  Xenia,  Ohio.  In  1841  he  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Hamilton  county,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  President  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  remained  on  the 
Common  Plexs  bench  until  1849,  i**  which  year  he  was 


elected  by  the  Legislature  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio.  He  held  this  position  until  the  adoption  of  the  new 
Constitution  in  1851.  That  instrument  provided  for  the 
election  of  judges  by  the  people,  and  he  was  again  chosen. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  re-elected.  He  was  the 
first  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  under 
the  new  Constitution.  He  resigned  in  1854,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati.  He  was  married  in  1S44 
to  Agnes,  daughter  of  William  and  Eleanor  Coirv,  of  Cin- 
cinnati. They  were  blessed  with  three  children.  His  wife 
died  in  1869.  His  career  presents  the  rare  example  of  one 
starting  upon  a professional  course  late  in  life,  and  yet  rising 
to  distinction.  He  entered  college  at  the  age  of  twenty-two, 
was  graduated  at  twenty-seven,  a Prosecuting  Attorney  at 
thirty-three.  President  Judge  of  Common  Pleas  at  thirty- 
four,  on  the  Supreme  Bench  of  the  State  at  forty-three,  and 
Chief-Justice  of  the  State  at  forty-six.  He  was  straight- 
forward and  manly  in  all  his  impulses,  and  for  the  younger 
.members  of  the  bar  he  had  always  a kind  word  and  a help- 
ing hand.  He  died  March  21st,  1876.  At  a bar  meeting 
held  soon  afterward,  eulogies  were  delivered  by  some  of  the 
most  gifted  men  of  Ohio,  some  of  whom  had  known  him  for 
half  a century.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a member 
of  the  law-firm  of  Caldwell,  Coppock  & Caldwell,  the  last- 
named  being  a son.  , 

(a.Qo 

■ EOMAN,  GENERAL  STEPHEN  B.,  Mariner, 
Soldier,  and  Lawyer,  was  born,  December  tst, 
1836,  in  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the  son  of 
Alva  and  Elizabeth  (Cockerill)  Yeoman.  His 
father  was  a native  of  New  York  State,  and  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  who  removed  at  an  early 
day  to  Ohio,  first  settling  in  Payette  county,  and  removed 
subsequently  (1837)  to  Jasper  county,  Indiana,  where  he 
resided  till  his  death.  His  mother  was  a Virginian  by  biith, 
the  daughter  of  William  S.  Cockerill,  an  early  settler  of 
Fayette  county,  and  a soldier  of  the  war  of  1812.  Stephen 
worked  on  a farm  until  fifteen  years  old,  attending  the  win- 
ter schools.  In  1851  he  absconded  from  his  guardian,  and 
proceeding  to  New  Bedford,  shipped  on  a vessel  “ be- 
fore the  mast,”  from  which  he  rose  during  his  eight  years 
of  a sailor’s  life  to  the  positions  of  second  and  first  mate. 
He  circumnavigated  the  globe  twice,  was  shipwrecked  twice 
in  the  south  Pacific  ocean,  and  passed  twenty-seven  months 
on  a whaling  vessel.  In  1859  he  returned  home,  and  be- 
came a farm-hand,  alternating  with  study  at  school,  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  April,  1861,  when  he  ac- 
companied Company  F,  22d  Ohio  Volunteers,  as  Orderly 
Sergeant,  to  Virginia.  At  the  expiration  of  four  months  the 
regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service,  and  he  returned 
home  and  recruited  Company  A,  54th  Ohio  Volunteers 
(Zouaves),  with  which  he  went  to  Kentucky  ns  Captain. 
He  served  with  this  regiment  until  January  loth,  1864, 
when,  on  account  of  losing  a hand  which  had  been  blown 


648 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 


off  by  a cannon  shot  at  the  battle  of  Arkansas  Post,  he  re- 
tired from  the  service.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  the 
battles  of  Shiloh  (or  Pittsburgh  Landing),  Corinth,  Yazoo, 
Vicksburg,  and  Arkansas  Post,  besides  lesser  engagements 
and  skirmishes.  On  his  return  home  he  was  appointed  a 
Captain  in  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  and  was  stationed  at 
Cincinnati  until  July,  1864,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  43d  United  States,  and  with  that  regiment 
was  in  all  the  latter  great  battles  around  Richmond,  Virginia, 
and  for  some  time  commanded  the  1st  Brigade,  ist  Division, 
25th  Army  Corps,  and  was  soon  thereafter  promoted  Briga- 
dier-General by  brevet.  In  1865  he  was  finally  mustered 
out  of  the  service,  and  on  his  return  to  civil  life,  engaged  in 
the  drug  business  for  eighteen  months.  In  1866  he  was 
elected  Probate  Judge  of  Fayette  county,  and  held  the  office 
for  three  years.  In  1870  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  Madison 
township,  Fayette  county,  where  he  resided  for  two  years, 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1872  he  returned  to 
Washington,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  since  re- 
sided there,  where  he  has  established  a lucrative  legal  busi- 
ness. He  is  a Republican  in  principle,  and  a Baptist  in  re- 
ligious belief.  He  is  a pleasant  companion,  of  genial  man- 
ners and  extensive  information,  having  experienced  so  varied 
a life  in  the  last  twenty-five  years.  He  was  married,  1864, 
to  Cordelia  A.,  daughter  of  Daniel  Wood,  an  early  settler 
of  Fayette  county,  Ohio. 

ENNEDY,  WILLIAM  B.,  Merchant,  was  born, 
October  nth,  1832,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio, 
of  American  parentage ; his  family  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  Ohio,  a great-grandfather 
being  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  .State.  He  re- 
ceived a liberal  education  in  Farmer's  College, 
Hamilton  county,  where  he  remained  until  nineteen  years 
of  age,  and  then  engaged  in  teaching.  He  subsequently  re- 
turned to  the  farm,  continuing  there  until  he  was  appointed, 
in  1854,  a clerk  in  the  County  Auditor’s  office,  holding  that 
position  for  five  years.  In  1859  he  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  a patent  match,  which  he  continued  until  1861, 
when,  in  consequence  of  the  civil  war,  his  principal  trade 
being  with  the  South,  he  relinquished  it.  He  was  subse- 
quently employed  in  a clerical  capacity  with  one  of  the 
leading  mercantile  houses  of  the  city  until  1867,  when  he 
established  the  firm  of  W.  B.  Kennedy  & Co.,  and  engaged 
in  the  merchandise  commission  business,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  He  is  a prominent  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  also  of  the  Odd  Fellows  and  Knights  of 
Pythias.  In  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows  he  was,  from  1866  to 
1869  inclusive,  a representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Ohio;  and  a representative  to  the  Grand  Encampment  from 
1867  to  1870  and  1872  to  1875,  in  all  eight  years,  over 
which  latter  body  he  now  presides  as  Most  Worthy  Grand 
Patriarch.  He  was  a charter  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge 


of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  of  Ohio,  supreme  representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  .Supreme  Lodge  of  the  World,  1870  to 
1872,  both  inclusive,  and  was  elected  an  officer  (S.  G.)  of 
the  latter  body,  and  served  in  1873  and  1874. 


OLONY,  HON.  JAMES,  Lawyer,  was  born,  April 
1 2th,  1848,  in  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  a son 
of  the  late  Daniel  and  Sarah  (Stevens)  Molony. 
His  father  was  a native  of  Roscarbery,  county  of 
Cork,  Ireland,  a graduate  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  and  emigrated  to  America  in  1830,  and 
settled  in  Cincinnati.  His  life  was  devoted  to  literary  pur- 
suits, and  he  filled  the  Professorship  of  Ancient  and 
Modern  Languages  in  Miami  University,  Farmer’s  College, 
and  Woodward  College,  Ohio,  successively,  for  about  twenty 
years,  and  died  September  9th,  1852.  His  wife  was  a 
native  of  South  Danvers,  Massachusetts.  James  received  a 
liberal  education  at  Farmer’s  College,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  1868.  He  then  became  a clerk  in  the  Lafayette 
Bank  of  Cincinnati,  and  subsequently  was  in  the  employ  of 
Cuppler  & Marston,  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  also  an  agent  of 
the  Erie  Railroad  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  until  1871.  He 
then  returned  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law  with  General  Banning,  and  in  December,  1873,  was 
admitted  to  practise  at  the  bar,  and  has  since  given  his 
.attention  to  professional  duties  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  re- 
sides. He  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Hamilton  county  for  two 
years  under  George  W.  Wiegler.  In  1873  he  was  nomi- 
nated on  the  first  ballot  as  a candidate  on  the  People’s  ticket 
for  the  Legislature,  and  in  1875  ^ candidate  on  the 

Democratic  ticket  for  the  same  position,  being  chosen  like- 
wise on  the  first  ballot  by  a large  majority  of  the  Hamilton 
County  Democratic  Convention.  During  the  civil  war, 
from  1863  until  its  close,  he  was  a guidon  of  the  5th  Ohio 
Artillery,  and  was  an  active  participant  in  the  great  battles 
of  the  Tennessee  and  Southwest  campaigns,  including  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg.  He  is  of  pleasing  and  courteous  man- 
ners, has  a cool  and  determined  demeanor,  and  although 
young  in  years,  his  experience  in  life  has  been  varied,  and 
eminently  adapts  him  for  the  profession  he  successfully 
pursues. 

ARFIELD,  SAMUEL,  Banker,  was  born,  January 
1 6th,  1808,  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  is  a son 
of  the  late  John  and  Elizabeth  (Speies)  Marfield, 
both  of  whom  were  natives  of  Germany.  His 
father  was  a merchant,  and  came  to  America 
when  young  and  settled  in  Baltimore,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death.  Samuel  received  a liberal  educa- 
tion, and  when  sixteen  years  old  was  apprenticed  to  the 
saddlery  trade,  which  he  thoroughly  learned  in  six  years. 
He  then  engaged  in  business  on  his  own  account,  as  an 


BIOGRAPiilCAL  ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 


649 


importer  and  dealer  in  saddlery  hardware,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued for  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of  1839  he  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Circlevilie,  wliere  he  carried  on  the 
hardware  business  exclusively  until  1848,  when  he  asso- 
ciated with  it  the  banking  business,  finally  relinquishing  the 
former  in  1852,  and  has  given  his  entire  attention  to  bank- 
ing ever  since.  He  is  now  proprietor,  principal  officer  and 
Director  of  the  Marfield  Bank  of  Circlevilie.  He  is  also  a 
large  shareholder  in  various  railroad  companies.  He  has 
never  sought  nor  held  any  political  or  public  office  what- 
ever. His  political  principles  are  those  of  the  Republican 
party;  in  religious  belief  he  is  a Presbyterian.  His  energy 
and  industry  are  untiring.  Starting  in  life  poor,  he  has 
been  himself  the  architect  of  his  own  fortunes,  and  now 
ranks  among  the  solid  business  men  of  Ohio.  He 
was  married  in  1833  to  Harriet  M.  daughter  of  Henry 
\Vright,  a prominent  Marylander. 

AP'FENSPERGER,  HENRY  J,,  Real  Estate 
Dealer,  was  born,  June  29th,  1832,  at  East 
Berlin,  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  of  Ameri- 
can parentage  and  of  German  descent.  He  was 
educated  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  after  leaving 
school  became  a salesman  in  the  dry-goods  house 
of  H.  Hedrick,  in  that  town,  where  he  remained  three 
years,  when,  growing  tired  of  a comparatively  inactive  life, 
he  turned  his  attention  to  pursuits  more  congenial  to  his 
tastes,  and  entered  into  various  speculative  movements. 
Since  he  became  a seller  of  real  estate  he  has  made  Toledo 
the  scene  of  his  largest  operations  in  that  line;  and  that 
city  has  witnessed  the  heaviest  transactions  that  have  taken 
place  in  the  entire  State.  Although  the  weather  was  very 
unpropilious  for  such  operations,  yet  the  magic  of  his  name 
rendered  them  a perfect  success  in  every  respect.  His 
sales  were  not  the  mere  ordinary  transactions  of  a business 
man,  but  the  colossal  undertakings  of  one  who  is  innately 
endowed  with  the  rare  talent  of  managing  and  disposing  of 
immense  tracts,  from  which  an  ordinary  man  would  shrink. 
In  fact,  he  has  risen  far  above  his  associates  in  business; 
nor  is  Toledo  alone  the  scene  of  his  triumphs.  One  of  his 
most  remarkable  sales  was  “ Northwood,”  near  Columbus, 
Ohio,  where,  notwithstanding  the  property  had  previously 
and  unsuccessfully  been  placed  in  the  market,  yet  upon  his 
assumption  of  the  management  he  made  it  one  of  his  most 
brilliant  transactions.  He  has  also  received  various  propo- 
sitions from  different  States  to  a.ssume  control  of  sales  which 
have  startled  the  public  by  their  magnitude.  Since  his  ad- 
vent into  Toledo  he  has  done  more  towards  advancing  the 
welfare  of  that  city  and  promoting  its  growth  than  any 
other  person  in  the  same  line  of  business.  His  success  lies 
wholly  in  his  wide  experience,  in  his  matured  judgment, 
together  with  his  fixed  determination  to  engage  only  in 
bona-fide  and  legitimate  transactions.  He  never  enters 
82 


upon  any  operation  without  bestowing  upon  it  careful  con- 
sideration and  thoroughly  overlooking  the  field.  He  never 
endeavors  to  hastily  dispose  of  the  property  in  question,  but 
bides  his  time,  and  is  ever  successful.  Possessed  of  a quick 
wit,  rare  business  ability  and  an  energetic,  persevering  dis- 
position, he  is  withal  a whole-souled,  genial  gentleman, 
courteous  to  all.  He  has  been  identified  as  a Trustee  and 
Director  of  several  of  the  leading  trade  associations.  He 
was  married,  June  20lh,  1866,  to  Elizabeth  A.  Brewster,  of 
Norwalk,  Ohio. 


HATTUC,  AVILLIAM  B.,  General  Ticket  Agent 
of  the  Atlantic  & Great  Western  Railway,  was 
born,  June  llth,  1841,  near  Jefferson,  Scbuyler 
county.  New  York,  and  is  a son  of  Samuel  and 
Desire  Shattuc,  now  of  Ohio.  He  is  of  Scotch 
descent,  his  great  grandfather  having  emigrated 
to  America  from  the  vicinity  of  Edinburgh,  while  his  grand- 
father, who  had  settled  near  Bennington,  Vermont,  fell 
while  bravely  fighting  under  General  Stark  for  American 
independence.  When  William  was  in  his  twelfth  year  his 
parents  removed  to  Ohio,  settling  near  Oberlin.  When 
fourteen  years  old  he  left  home  and  began  the  battle  of  life. 
He  had  many  struggles  to  acquire  an  education,  but  he  fought 
his  way,  alternately  teaching  school  and  studying.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  the  2d 
Ohio  Cavalry,  and  participated  in  many  important  engage- 
ments, and  M’as  mustered  out  in  1863,  having  been  pro- 
moted through  all  the  grades  up  to  the  rank  of  Major.  On 
his  return  to  civil  life  he  obtained  a situation  as  clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  Auditor  and  General  Ticket  Agent  of  the  At- 
lantic & Great  Western  Railway  Company,  at  Meadville, 
Pennsylvania.  Not  long  afterwards  the  general  ticket  office 
was  transferred  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  the  A.ssist- 
ant  General  Ticket  Agent,  and,  April  1st,  1867,  on  the 
resignation  of  General  Fuller,  he  was  appointed  his  suc- 
cessor, as  General  Ticket  Agent,  which  position  he  has 
continued  to  hold.  He  is  a most  indefatigable  worker, 
and  nothing  in  his  extended  and  complicated  department 
escapes  his  attention.  He  is  a most  excellent  example  of 
the  self-made  man  of  our  time,  having  risen  from  obscurity 
to  his  present  prominent  but  well-earned  position. 


^^'aVTS,  william  EDMOND.S,  was  born,  July 
V.Jjjl  26th,  1831,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  the  son 
(^1  I of  John  Allen  Davis  and  Rachel  .Scull.  After  he 
had  received  a thorough  English  education  in 
the  district  and  high  schools  of  Cincinnati  he 
learned  blacksmithing,  the  trade  of  his  father. 
It  is  his  pride  that  he  was  not  behind  his  fellow-craftsmen 
at  the  forge.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he  began  and  con- 


650 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 


tinned  to  read  law  for  three  years.  About  this  time  he  was 
appointed  Principal  of  the  Ohio  State  Reform  P’arm  School 
for  Boys,  at  Lancaster,  where  he  remained  near  three  years, 
and  then  reisgned.  In  December,  1863,  he  was  elected 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  for  a term  of  two  years. 
While  in  this  position  he  acted  as  special  correspondent  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette.  In  the  spring  of  1864,  after  the  first 
adjournment  of  the  Senate,  he  went  out  as  special  war  cor- 
respondent of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  joining  Sherman’s 
army,  then  at  Nashville  and  Chattanooga.  At  the  battle 
of  Resaca  he  was  captured,  taken  to  Atlanta,  housed  in  a 
loathsome  prison-pen  for  several  days,  removed  to  Rich- 
mond, Virginia,  and  placed  by  Major  Carrington  in  “Castle 
Thunder.”  While  here  his  suffering  for  the  lack  of  the 
necessities  of  life  was  beyond  description.  At  the  end  of 
three  months  he  was  transferred  to  the  Confederate  States 
Penitentiary,  at  Saulsbury,  North  Carolina,  while  the  more 
favored  correspondent  of  the  New  York  World  was  sent 
North.  The  malignity  shown  by  Secretary  of  War  Seddon, 
and  Robert  Ould,  Commissioner  of  Exchange,  in  thus  dis- 
criminating against  the  correspondent  of  a radical  Republi- 
can newspaper  was  of  a piece  with  the  treatment  of  Junius 
Ilemi  Browne  and  A.  D.  Richardson,  correspondents  of 
the  New  York  Tribune.  'I'hese  latter  gentlemen  had  been 
four  months  in  the  Saulsbury  prison  when  he  arrived  there. 
The  trio  soon  became  fast  friends.  At  this  time  there  were 
not  over  twenty  prisoners  of  war  in  the  penitentiary,  most 
of  the  inmates  being  men  convicted  of  crimes  against  the 
statute  laws,  deserters  from  the  confederate  army  and  men 
under  the  ban  of  political  suspicion.  In  October  of  1864, 
three  months  after  he  reached  there,  Saulsbury  was  made  a 
regular  prison  for  Union  captives.  During  the  second  week 
of  October  ten  thousand  prisoners  of  war  were  thrown  into 
the  Saulsbury  prison,  within  a stockade  embracing  about  six 
acres  of  ground.  Then  began  starvation,  privation  in  every 
form,  and  all  the  suffering  incident  to  life  in  a cramped 
prison-pen,  under  rigorous  regimen.  He  had  been  active 
in  attending  to  the  few  sick  in  the  prison  prior  to  the 
coming  of  the  ten  thousand,  ministering  to  their  temporal 
wants  as  best  he  could,  and  affording  spiritual  consolation 
to  the  suffering  and  the  dying.  His  straightforward,  manly 
deportment  won  upon  the  post  surgeon.  Dr.  Richard  O. 
Curry,  a Christian  gentleman,  who  was  anxious  to  show  his 
appreciation  of  Mr.  Davis’  w'orth  and  services.  Through 
the  surgeon’s  intercession  a log  cabin  within  the  enclosure 
was  allotted  to  him  and  four  of  his  friends,  and  he  was 
made  assistant  to  Dr.  Curry  after  the  Union  prisoners  ar- 
rived. He  had  entire  charge  of  the  arrangements  for  the 
care  of  the  sick,  being  virtually  superintendent  of  the 
sanitary  affairs  of  the  camp.  At  times  he  had  as  many  as 
three  thousand  sick  prisoners  under  his  charge.  \Yith  his 
characteristic  zeal  and  Christian  spirit  he  devoted  himself 
to  his  labor  of  love  and  mercy,  day  and  night  going  the 
rounds  of  the  sick  wards  for  two  months.  During  that 
time  nearly  two  thousand  of  his  fellow-i)risoners  died,  and 


were  buried  just  outside  of  the  stockade.  With  the  aid  of 
his  messmates,  and  what  other  help  he  could  get,  he  did 
much  to  alleviate  suffering,  and  is  credited  with  having 
saved  the  life  of  many  a poor  fellow.  Mr.  Richardson,  of 
the  New  York  Tribune,  in  his  published  account,  says  of 
him  in  this  connection  : “ Mr.  Davis  was  General  Superin- 
tendent, and  brought  to  his  arduous  duties  good  judgment, 
untiring  industry  and  uniform  kindness.”  His  sensitive 
nature  revolted  at  the  sights  which  occurred  with  painful 
frequency.  I’risoners  (particularly  colored  prisoners)  were 
shot  by  the  guards  without  the  shadow  of  provocation.  He 
went  alone  to  the  commandant,  made  a touching  appeal 
and  secured  a show  of  compassion  for  a short  time.  As  an 
instance  of  his  brave  and  self  sacrificing  spirit,  it  is  told  cf 
him  that  upon  one  occasion,  when  the  guard  was  about  to 
fire  on  three  colored  prisoners,  he  interposed,  gave  a bold 
order  and  -averted  tlie  deadly  delivery.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  letters  poured  in  upon  Mr.  Davis,  bringing  the  hearty 
thanks  of  friends  and  relatives  for  his  kind  ministrations  to 
loved  ones  in  the  prison-pen.  While  at  Sauksbury  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  the  order  of  “ Heroes  of  America,”  a 
secret  organization  of  Southern  men  trup  to  the  Union. 
Soldiers  belonging  to  this  order  had  the  double  privilege 
of  being  cared  for  by  any  brother  member  they  might  meet, 
in  case  of  escape,  and  being  shot  by  the  confederate  au- 
thorities if  known  to  belong  to  the  “ Heroes.”  Mr.  Davis 
was  initiated  in  one  of  the  underground  lodges  of  this  order, 
afterwards  inducting  his  companions  and  about  one  thousand 
other  Union  prisoners.  Sickness  and  death  were  daily  in- 
creasing. The  desire  to  escape,  great  from  the  first,  became 
the  controlling  motive.  The  plot  was  laid  and  the  anxious 
prisoners  awaited  their  opportunity.  It  came  with  the  night 
of  December  13th,  1864.  Out  into  the  cold,  and  rain  and 
darkness  Mr.  Davis  led  his  little  company  of  fugitives — 
Captain  Wolf,  and  Richardson  and  Browne  of  the  Tribune. 
A tedious  journey  of  four  hundred  miles,  beset  by  peril  at 
every  step,  lay  before  them.  Travelling  on  foot  under  cover 
of  the  night,  fed  by  the  hands  of  slaves,  sleeping  now  in  the 
underbvufh,  now  in  a deserted  barn,  amid  the  snow  on  the 
mountains  or  drenched  by  the  cold,  chilling  rain  in  the  val- 
leys, this  stout-hearted  party  ])lodded  on.  Led  by  a man 
of  unfaltering  purpose  and  sagacity,  with  faith  in  God  and 
the  hope  of  again  seeing  their  dear  ones,  they  pressed  on, 
over  untold  obstacles,  until,  at  the  end  of  thirty  days’  march, 
they  entered  the  Union  lines  at  Knoxville,  Tennessee.  In 
1866,  under  President  Lincoln’s  administration,  Mr.  D.ivis 
was  appointed  Pension  Agent — for  the  payment  of  pensions 
— at  Cincinnati,  which  important  trust  he  held  for  five 
years,  disbursing  about  ten  millions  of  dollars.  In  1867  he 
was  appointed,  by  Governor  Cox,  of  Ohio,  one  of  a commis- 
sion of  three  to  locate  and  build  an  asylum  for  the  insane  in 
southeastern  Ohio.  P'or  five  years  he  was  President  of  this 
commission,  and  as  such  had  the  pleasure  of  handing  over 
to  the  State  authorities  the  splendid  institution  at  Athens — 
one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  State.  Mr.  Davis  was 


Ooicxfj  Pub  Co  Fhilci^‘‘ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 


651 


one  of  the  organizers  and  managers  of  the  Cincinnati 
Chronicle  Company,  being  elected  President  of  its  Board 
of  Directore.  When  the  Chronicle  was  consolidated  with 
the  Cincinnati  Times  he  became  President  of  the  new  com- 
pany. During  the  last  year  of  his  seven  years’  connection 
with  the  Times  he  was  its  business  manager.  While  ihus 
employed,  in  1873,  without  his  solicitation.  President  Grant 
appointed  him  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  at 
Cincinnati.  This  position  he  reluctantly  accepted  and  now 
holds,  discharging  his  duties  with  the  industry  and  fidelity 
which  have  through  life  been  among  his  most  marked  char- 
acteristics. He  is  largely  interested  in  public  enterprises, 
giving  much  of  his  time  not  otherwise  employed  to  narrow 
gauge  railroading  about  the  city  of  Cincinnati.  He  is 
President  of  the  Cincinnati  & Westwood  Railroad  Company, 
which  is  constructing  one  of  these  suburban  routes.  He 
resides  at  Westwood,  one  of  the  beautiful  suburbs  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  has  long  been  a member  of  the  Westwood  Board 
of  Public  Education,  having  been  Chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee which  constructed  the  fine  school  building  in  that 
place.  The  success  of  this  project  was  largely  owing  to  his 
personal  efforts.  He  has  for  twenty-five  years  been  a mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  is  prominently  connected 
with  several  secret  and  social  organizations ; notably  among 
them  the  Order  of  Scotch  Rite  Masons,  he  having  taken  the 
thirty-two  degrees  of  that  order.  August  9th,  1855,  he 
married  Mary  P.  Stoughton,  of  Cincinnati,  and  has  three 
sons  and  one  daughter. 


EIL,  WILLIAM  ALLEN,  was  born  in  Columbus, 
Ohio,  on  January  28th,  1836,  and  is  a son  of 
Robert  Neil,  for  some  years  a farmer,  and,  for 
many.  President  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  but 
now  living  in  retirement  in  Columbus,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty  years.  William  attended 
the  public  schools,  and  after  studying  under  Dr.  Lord,  a 
very  eminent  teacher,  entered  the  German  University  of 
Columbus,  where  he  remained  until  the  age  of  nineteen. 
His  health  being  then  feeble,  his  father  purchased  him  a 
farm  of  one  thousand  acres  near  London,  Madison  county, 
to  which  he  removed,  and  lived  on  it  until  a few  years 
since.  He  began  raising  stock,  aiming  to  breed  and  sell 
young  horses  without  records.  This  policy  has  not  gained 
him  the  notoriety  a different  one  might  have  brought,  but 
his  animals  are  none  the  less  valuable,  and  his  reputation 
for  integrity  is  second  to  none  in  the  State.  During  the 
war  he  entered  the  army  as  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  23d 
Battalion  Ohio  National  Guards,  on  May  9th,  1864,  and 
was  mustered  in  at  Camp  Dennison,  where  he  was  immedi- 
ately elected  Captain,  and  on  the  formation  of  the  battalion. 
Major.  The  regiment,  having  been  organized  by  joining 
the  23d  Battalion  Ohio  National  Guards  with  the  60th 
Regiment  Ohio  National  Guards,  proceeded  to  New  Creek, 
West  Virginia,  on  May  12th,  and  arrived  there  on  the  14th. 


On  the  29th  of  May  eight  companies  were  moved  to  Green- 
land Gap,  and  on  June  4th  a detachment,  including  Neil’s 
battalion,  had  a severe  skirmish  near  Moorefield,  in  which 
the  rebels  were  defeated.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out, 
Sejitember  ist,  1864.  He  was  married.  May  12th,  1864,  to 
Sarah  E.  Chrisman,  of  London,  Ohio,  and  has  three  chil- 
dren. Always  a Republican,  he  was  elected  a delegate  to 
the  National  Convention  of  1872,  but  on  private  grounds 
declined  to  serve.  He  has  always  been  identified  with  the 
material  interests  of  his  county,  and  is  one  of  its  leading 
citizens,  respected  by  all  for  his  strict  integrity,  personal 
honor  and  genial  manners.  He  is  about  to  close  out  his 
entire  stock  of  fine  horses,  consisting  of  forty-two  head  and 
comprising  some  of  the  best  blood  in  the  State,  and  his  re- 
tirement from  stock-raising  will  be  keenly  felt  by  all  inter- 
ested in  the  improvement  of  the  horse.  At  all  the  State 
fairs  held  in  central  Ohio  of  late  years  he  has  been  a promi- 
nent exhibitor. 

su 

OLE,  ANDREW,  M.  D.,  Physician,  was  born,  July 
19th,  i8io,  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  and  is  the 
third  of  ten  children  whose  parents  were  Chris- 
topher and  Rhoda  (Dorr)  Wolf.  His  father  was 
a native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania, 
of  German  lineage,  and  principally  engaged  in 
farming,  although  he  was  interested  in  milling  and  in  the 
manufacture  of  salt ; he  settled  at  an  early  day  in  Athens 
county,  where  he  married  Rhoda,  daughter  of  MaVthew 
Dorr;  she  died  in  1856.  Andrew  worked  on  a farm  until 
he  was  twenty  years  old,  and  attended  school  in  winter. 
In  1830  he  entered  the  Athens  Academy,  where  he  pursued 
a literary  course  for  some  three  years ; towards  the  close 
of  his  studies  there  he  commenced  to  read  medicine  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Columbus  Bierce,  of  that  place.  He 
then  went  to  Washington  county.  New  York,  where  he  con- 
tinued his  medical  studies  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  Jon- 
athan Dorr,  of  Cambridge,  in  that  county,  and  during  his 
three  years  sojourn  from  home  also  attended  medical  lec- 
tures at  the  Vermont  Academy  of  Medicine,  graduating 
there  with  honor.  Returning  to  Athens,  Ohio,  he  passed 
the  winter  there,  and  thence  removed  to  McArthur,  Vinton 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  has  established  an 
extensive  and  remunerative  practice;  his  surgical  skill  is 
extraordinary.  He  has  labored  incessantly  and  ener- 
getically in  his  profession  for  upwards  of  forty  years,  and 
having  ever  been  a man  of  most  temperate  habits  possesses 
at  his  advanced  age  a powerful  body  and  temperament. 
Politically  he  is  a Republican,  having  originally  been  a 
Henry  Clay  Whig.  His  religious  belief  is  that  of  the 
Episcopal  Church.  He  was  married  in  1836  to  Eliza, 
daughter  of  Captain  Robert  Lotridge,  of  Rensselaer  county. 
New  York;  .she  died  in  1859,  having  had  two  children. 
He  was  a second  time  married,  in  i860,  to  Pauline  Bryan, 
also  a native  of  Rensselaer  county.  New  York. 


652 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 


^ATTHEWS,  IION.  STANLEY,  Lawyer,  was 
born  in  Cincinnati,  July  21st,  1824.  His  parents 
were  Thomas  J.  and  Isabella  (Brown)  Matth- 
ews, the  former  a native  of  Leesburg,  Virginia, 
and  the  latter  a daughter  of  Colonel  William 
Brown,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Miami  country. 
His  mother  was  the  second  wife  of  the  father,  and  he  was 
the  first  offspring  of  the  union.  While  an  infant  his  j:arents 
removed  from  Cincinnati  to  Lexington,  Kentucky,  where  his 
father  was  engaged  as  a professor  of  mathematics  in  Tran- 
sylvania College  for  a time,  and  also  as  a civil  engineer  in 
the  construction  of  railroads.  In  1832  he  was  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Woodward  High  School,  in  Cincinnati,  and 
returned  thither.  In  the  same  year  his  son  Stanley  entered 
the  institution  as  a pupil,  where  he  remained  until  1839,  at 
which  date  he  entered  the  junior  class  of  Kenyon  College, 
at  Gambler,  Ohio.  He  was  graduated  in  August  of  the  fol- 
lowing year.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  fall  of  1840, 
in  the  city  of  Cincinnati.  In  1842  he  went  to  Maury  county, 
Tennessee,  where  he  resided  for  a time  in  the  family  of 
Rev.  John  Hudson,  a Presbyterian  minister,  and  assisted 
him  in  the  government  and  instruction  of  a school  known  as 
Union  Seminary.  Shortly  after  this  he  married  the  daugh- 
ter of  Tames  Black,  of  Maury  county.  Having  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at 
Columbia,  Tennessee.  His  stay  here  was  brief,  but  during 
its  continuance  he  employed  his  leisure  in  editorial  work 
upon  a political  weekly  called  the  Tennessee  Democrat. 
Returning  to  Cincinnati  he  was  admitted  to  practise  in  the 
courts  of  his  native  State.  Through  the  influence  of  Judge 
W.  B.  Caldwell  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  a term  of  court,  and  the  prominence  thus  ob- 
tained was  the  stepping-stone  to  his  future  success.  Through 
the  writings  of  Dr.  Gamaliel  Bailey,  then  editor  of  the 
Daily  HeraD,  of  Cincinnati,  he  became  strongly  imbued 
with  the  growing  anti-slavery  sentiment  of  that  period. 
When  its  editor  removed  to  Washington  city,  to  establish 
the  Ahitional  Era,  he  succeeded  him  as  editor  of  the 
Herald,  in  which  position  he  continued  until  the  journal 
declined  as  a business  enterprise.  His  connection  with 
journalism  brought  him  into  prominence  in  the  politics  of 
the  State,  and  in  the  session  of  1848-49  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives.  This  was  the 
memorable  session  which  elected  Salmon  P.  Chase  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States.  In  1850  he  returned  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  following 
year  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Hamilton  county.  He  remained  on  the  bench  for 
two  years,  when,  in  consequence  of  the  insufficiency  of  the 
salary,  he  resumed  private  practice,  becoming  one  of  the 
firm  of  Worthington  & Matthews,  his  partner  having  been 
his  law  preceptor.  This  partnership  lasted  about  eight 
years.  In  the  fall  of  1855  he  was  elected  to  the  .State 
Senate,  from  Hamilton  county,  and  served  one  term  of  two 
years.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  by  President  Buchanan, 


United  States  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  Ohio, 
but  resigned  soon  after  President  Lincoln  came  into  office. 
Soon  after  the  war  of  the  rebellion  commenced  he  tendered 
his  services  to  Governor  Dennison,  who  appointed  him 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  23d  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry,  then  quartered  at  Camp  Chase.  The  regi- 
ment was  engaged  in  the  military  operations  in  West 
Virginia  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  that  year.  In  October, 
1861,  he  was  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  51st 
Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  with  his  regiment 
served  under  Buell  and  his  successors  in  command  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee.  In  April,  1863,  while  with  his 
command  in  Tennessee,  he  was  elected  a Judge  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Cincinnati,  and  resigned  his  commission  to 
again  take  his  seat  upon  the  bench.  Judges  Storer  and 
Hoadley  were  his  colleagues.  In  July,  1865,  he  resigned 
for  the  same  reason  that  impelled  him  to  quit  the  bench  in 
1853.  He  is  now  in  the  very  zenith  of  his  intellectual  and 
physical  powers,  and  occupies  a prominent  place  in  the  fore- 
most rank  of  the  legal  fraternity  of  the  West. 


ENT,  ZENAS,  was  born  in  Middletown,  Connecti- 
cut, July  1 2th,  17S6.  He  came  of  good  old 
Puritan  stock,  a nobility  of  descent  which  rests  its 
claim  upon  a robust  manhood  and  hardy  virtue. 
His  father  was  a carpenter  and  joiner  by  trade, 
and  carried  a musket  in  the  war  for  American 
independence.  When  Zenas  Kent  was  a hoy,  even  New 
England  had  made  but  a beginning  in  the  development  of 
the  common  school  system,  and  though  he  made  the  best 
of  his  opportunities,  exhausting  the  facilities  of  the  country 
school  of  that  time  and  place,  his  early  advantages  were 
very  limited  as  compared  to  the  common  school  privileges 
enjoyed  by  the  youth  of  to-day.  Mr.  Kent  has  left  at  least 
one  monument  of  the  methodical  perseverance  with  which 
he  addressed  himself  to  every  task.  A copy  of  Adam’s 
Arithmetic,  published  in  1802,  which  Mr.  Kent  used  at 
school,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his  son,  Marvin.  It  is  a 
well-thumbed  book,  now  yellow  with  age,  and  a plodding 
student  has  left  his  impress  on  every  page.  Indeed  he  has 
left  considerable  additions  to  the  original  text.  The  pub- 
lisher had  had  the  forethought  to  bind  numerous  blank  pages 
with  his  letter-press,  to  stand  the  pupils  instead  of  a slate, 
and  remain  a record  of  his  industry.  On  these  leaves  young 
Kent  carefully  worked  out  and  proved  every  example  in  the 
book.  Here  was  a combination  of  excellent  traits — appli- 
cation, method,  thoroughness — in  which  the  boy  well  fore- 
shadowed the  man.  He  entered  his  work  on  the  leaves  of 
the  book  of  his  life,  and  he  left  not  a blank  page  in  it  all. 
In  selecting  a pursuit  in  life,  Zenas  Kent  chose  the  trade  of 
his  father,  and  endeavored  to  make  himself  master  of  it. 
By  the  time  he  reached  his  twenty-fifth  year,  young  Zenas 
Kent  was  united  in  marriage  to  P.amelia  Lewis,  a native  of 


<1 


I 


1 


•» 


PUh.  Co  PtaUA’' 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E\CVCLOP-EI)IA. 


653 


Farmington,  Connecticut,  a young  woman  of  most  excellent 
traits,  and  withal  a fitting  helpmeet  for  him.  Her  father, 
like  the  elder  Kent,  was  a veteran  of  1776,  and  a carpenter 
and  joiner  by  vocation.  These  two  young  people  joined 
their  honest  hands  and  humble  fortunes  for  the  battle  with 
the  world.  In  1S12  Zenas  accompanied  his  father’s  family 
to  the  far  West.  The  family  located  in  Mantua,  Ohio, 
where  the  elder  Kent  died,  at  an  advanced  age.  Zenas  had 
left  his  young  wife  in  Connecticut,  while  he  went  prospect- 
ing in  the  western  wilds,  and  as  soon  as  he  had  chosen  a 
place  for  his  home,  he  returned  for  his  wife.  Together  they 
set  out  for  the  tedious’ journey  to  the  West,  and  arriving  in 
Ohio  settled  in  Hudson,  then  a township  of  Portage  county. 
This  was  a fortunate  selection  for  Mr.  Kent.  Here  he  met 
Captain  Heman  Oviatt,  to  whose  fiiendship  it  was  his 
pleasure  to  acknowledge  himself  indebted  for  many  kind 
offices.  Here  he  huilt  a tannery  for  Owen  Brown,  father 
of  John  Brown,  of  Ossawatomie  fame.  Mr.  Kent  taught 
school  during  the  winter  while  he  remained  in  Hudson. 
His  friend.  Captain  Oviatt,  impressed  by  Mr.  Kent’s  up- 
right walk  and  industrious  habits,  was  disposed  to  do  him  a 
good  turn  and  help  him  to  start  fairly  in  the  world.  Con- 
ferences led  to  conclusions,  and  in  the  summer  of  1815  the 
firm  of  Oviatt  & Kent  was  formed  to  conduct  a typical  pio- 
neer store  in  Ravenna.  Thither  Mr.  Kent  went  to  erect  a 
building  before  the  firm  could  begin  business.  The  site 
chosen  was  that  upon  which  the  Second  National  Bank  now 
stands.  With  his  saw  and  plane  and  hammer  Mr.  Kent 
helped  to  put  up  the  wooden  building  which  was  to  serve 
for  store  and  dwelling.  This  building  was  subsequently 
moved  to  the  south  side  of  Main  street,  in  Little’s  Block. 
After  the  firm  of  Oviatt  & Kent  had  been  in  successful  oper- 
ation for  several  years,  Mr.  Kent  was  able  to  refund  the 
capital  advanced  by  Mr.  Oviatt,  and  the  firm  dissolved, 
leaving  the  junior  partner  the  sole  control  of  the  business. 
In  1826,  while  managing  his  growing  business,  Mr.  Kent 
entered  into  a contract  to  erect  the  court-house,  which  still 
stands  in  Ravenna,  one  of  the  most  substantial  buildings  of 
its  kind  in  the  State.  In  its  early  days  it  was  looked  upon 
as  a wonder  in  architectural  art.  From  1831  to  1850  Mr. 
Kent  was  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Kent  & Brewster, 
which  did  a profitable  trade  in  Hudson.  In  the  meantime 
Mr.  Kent  was  accumulating  a store  of  the  world’s  goods, 
and  making  investments  where  there  was  fair  prospect  of 
good  returns.  In  1832  he  joined  David  Ladd  in  the  pur- 
chase of  a tract  of  land  embracing  between  five  and  six 
hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  township  of  Franklin,  now  the 
village  of  Kent.  This  tract  embraced  the  water-power  of 
the  Cuyahoga  river  at  that  place.  The  connection  of  Mr. 
Ladd  with  this  property  was  short,  Mr.  Kent  soon  becoming 
sole  proprietor.  In  the  year  of  the  purchase  he  erected 
Kent’s  Flouring  Mill,  the  product  of  which  has  been  held 
in  high  repute  for  more  than  a third  of  a century.  This 
mill  produced  the  first  flour  shipped  from  northern  Ohio  to 
Cleveland,  going  by  way  of  the  Ohio  canal.  Having  dis- 


solved business  connection  with  Mr.  Ladd,  Mr.  Kent  made 
arrangements  with  John  Brown  to  carry  on  the  tanning 
business  in  an  establishment  already  under  way.  In  1836 
Mr.  Kent  sold  his  large  tract  to  the  Franklin  Land  Com- 
pany, which  afterwards  became  the  Franklin  Silk  Company. 
In  1849  the  Franklin  Bank  of  Portage  County  was  estab- 
lished, and  Mr.  Kent  was  chosen  its  President.  This  im- 
portant post  he  held  until  1864,  when  the  Franklin  Bank 
gave  place  to  the  Kent  National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  also 
made  president,  holding  the  position  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
In  1850  Mr.  Kent  began  the  erection  of  a cotton  factory  and 
a private  residence  in  Franklin,  where  his  interests  had  cen- 
tered. Thither  he  removed  on  the  completion  of  his 
dwelling  house  in  1851.  In  the  spring  of  1853  Mr.  Kent 
was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  Atlantic  & Great  Western 
Railroad  Company,  filling  the  position  efficiently  for  one 
year.  In  Aprtl,  i860,  he  moved  into  an  elegant  mansion 
which  he  had  built  on  Euclid  street,  Cleveland.  While  on 
a visit  to  Kent,  on  the  21st  of  October,  1864,  death  took 
from  him  the  partner  of  his  early  toils  and  of  his  years  of 
ease.  Thus  bereft  he  longed  for  quiet  and  repose,  and  in 
the  following  motith  returned  to  P'ranklin  (the  name  of 
vvhich  had  been  changed  to  Kent)  to  pass  the  remainder  of 
his  days.  Mr.  Kent’s  business  career  was  that  of  an  indus- 
trious plodder,  who  gained  success  by  deserving  it.  He 
was  possessed  of  a great  fund  of  solid  common  sense,  to 
which  it  had  pleased  God  to  add  an  indomitable  will,  native 
business  tact,  energy  that  never  flagged,  and,  above  all,  an 
unyielding  integrity  which  gained  him  the  confidence  of  all 
with  whom  he  had  relations.  He  was  a cautious,  method- 
ical business  man,  not  given  to  speculation,  watchful  of  little 
things,  and  thiifty.  Once,  while  in  New  York  city  to  buy 
goods,  an  incident  occurred  which  will  serve  to  illustrate  a 
marked  trait  in  his  character.  A representative  of  a silk 
house  called  upon  Mr.  Kent  at  his  hotel  at  the  usual  hour 
for  beginning  the  day’s  business,  for  the  purpose  of  soliciting 
his  custom.  Mr.  Kent  met  his  visitor  and  said  to  him,  “ If 
you  expect  to  sell  me  goods,  you  must  get  up  early  in  the 
morning.  I bought  all  my  silks  before  breakfast.’’  Another 
instance  will  show  how  dearly  he  held  his  integrity  and  the 
good  opinion  of  his  fellows.  While  President  of  the  bank- 
ing department  of  the  Franklin  -Silk  Company,  he  required 
to  be  placed  in  his  hands  the  means  to  redeem  the  com- 
pany’s issues,  remarking  that  he  would  put  his  name  upon 
no  paper  without  having  the  power  to  protect  it  from  dis- 
honor. The  arrangement  was  effected.  Notwithstanding  the 
disastrous  termination  of  the  silk  company,  thanks  to  Mr. 
Kent’s  honor  and  forethought,  its  paper  w.as  all  redeemed  at 
face  value.  His  life  record  was  made  up  of  deeds  that  re- 
flect lustre  on  his  memory,  and  mark  him  as  one  of  the  pio- 
neer noblemen  of  the  West.  In  personal  appearance  Zenas 
Kent  was  tall  of  stature,  erect  and  gracefitl  of  carriage,  dig- 
nified of  mien.  Little  given  to  society,  he  was  nevertheless 
affable  and  agreeable  in  all  of  his  relations.  Though  fair 
and  equitable  dealing  made  him  pojntlar  as  a tradesman. 


654 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ERXVCLOIALDIA. 


his  retiring  nature  forbade  many  intimate  friendships. 
While  malice  did  not  enter  into  his  heart,  the  very  firmness 
of  his  character  made  liiin  quick  to  resent  an  abuse  of  his 
confidence.  Beneath  a dignified  exterior,  bordering  at 
times  upon  austerity,  he  wore  a warm  and  sympathetic 
heart.  He  held  a kind  act  in  tender  remembrance,  and  the 
few  friendships  he  formed  remained  unbroken  to  the  end 
of  his  days.  His  tastes  were  simple  and  his  habits  the  most 
correct.  He  never  used  tobacco  or  stimulants  of  any  kind, 
and  for  thirty  years  did  not  have  an  hour’s  sickness.  Mr. 
Kent  was  blessed  with  a family  of  thirteen  children,  nine  of 
whom  survive  him.  These  he  lived  to  see  arrive  at  ma- 
turity, all  occupying  positions  of  prominence  and  influence 
in  their  respective  homes.  The  surviving  children  are 
Mrs.  Harriet  Clapp,  of  New  York  city;  Henry  A.,  Edward 
and  George  L.,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York;  Marvin,  Charles 
II.,  and  Mrs.  Amelia  L.  Shively,  of  Kent,  Ohio;  Mrs. 
Francis  E.  Wells,  of  Brownsville,  Pennsylvania,  and  Mrs. 
Emily  K.,  wife  of  R.  B.  Dennis,  Esq.,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Of  the  four  children  deceased,  Mrs.  Eliza  A.  Poag  died  in 
Brooklyn,  July  4th,  1864;  three,  Louisa,  Amelia,  and  an 
unnamed  infant,  lie  in  Ravenna  Cemetery.  Zenas  Kent 
died  suddenly  at  his  residence  in  Kent,  October  4th,  1865, 
in  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.  His  remains  were  interred 
in  Woodland  Cemetery,  Cleveland’s  beautiful  city  of  the 
dead.  In  a lovely  spot,  removed  from  the  hurly-burly  of  a 
busy  world,  under  the  shade  of  the  cypress  and  willow,  by 
the  side  of  the  wife  of  his  bosom,  sleeps  all  that  is  left  to 
earth  of  a man  who  fought  the  battle  of  life  bravely  aud  left 
a good  name — the  best  of  all  heir-looms.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  Mr.  Kent’s  estate  was  valued  at  ^300,000. 


IKE,  SAMUEL  N.,  Merchant,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1822.  He  was  educated  at 
Stamford,  Connecticut.  When  only  seventeen 
years  old  he  went  south,  and  settled  at  first  in 
Florida,  where  he  engaged  in  business.  He  sub- 
sequently  removed  to  Richmond,  Virginia,  thence 
to  Baltimore,  and  finally  to  St.  Louis,  in  all  of  which  cities 
he  was  eng.aged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  but  these  not  answer- 
ing his  expectations,  he  resolved  to  retur.i  home.  On  his 
way  to  New  York  he  chanced  to  take  his  journey  via  Cin- 
cinnati, reaching  that  city  July  4th,  1844,  and  there  he 
concluded  to  remain.  He  opened  a dry-goods  store  in  the 
Hopple  building  on  Third  street,  and  afterwards  removed 
to  Pearl  street.  This  proving  unprofitable,  he  relinquished 
it,  and  purchased  a grocery  and  rectifying  establishment  at 
the  foot  of  Main  street.  In  1848  he  bought  a warehouse  on 
the  canal.  In  1853  he  commenced  the  erection  of  an 
elegant  stone-front  block  on  Fourth  street  below  Smith  ; and 
during  the  same  year  changed  his  business  location,  and 
likewise  purchased  a lot  on  Sycamore  street  near  Front, 
where  he  erected  a substantial  warehouse.  He  commenced 


the  Opera  House  on  P'ourth,  between  Vine  and  Walnut 
streets,  in  1857,  which  was  completed  and  opened  to  the 
public  February  22d,  1859,  being  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
United  States;  it  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1866.  He  rebuilt 
it  in  1871.  In  1867  he  was  nominated  for  mayor  of  the 
city,  but  declined  being  a candidate.  He  was  noted  for  his 
charities,  and  was  foremost  in  every  benevolent  undertaking. 
His  kind,  courteous  and  genial  nature,  unassuming  manners, 
and  warmth  of  heart,  endeared  him  to  all  those  who  ever 
came  in  contact  with  him.  He  was  married  in  1846  to  the 
youngest  daughter  of  Judge  Miller. 


ILFORD,  JOHN  BARKER,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 
Surgeon,  was  born,  March  26th,  1833,  in  Batavia 
Genesee  county.  New  York,  and  is  a son  of  John 
Chester  Wilford,  who  was  a major  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  underwent  all  the  hardships  and  perils 
of  an  Indian  captivity  during  that  contest.  His 
ancestor.  Colonel  Wilford,  was  a soldier  of  the  Revolution. 
Dr.  Wilford  at  an  early  age  evinced  rare  talents  for  research 
and  study.  Surrounded  by  all  the  discouragements  of 
poverty  and  inappreciation,  the  long  hours  of  the  night  and 
the  uncertain  glare  from  the  family  fire-place  were  brought 
into  requisition  in  satisfying  his  longing  appetite  for  knowl- 
edge. At  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  with  but  the  limited 
advantages  of  a common  school  education,  he  commenced 
preparation  for  his  chosen  profession,  medicine.  Over- 
coming all  obstacles,  he  graduated  with  honors  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  medical  department,  in  1856. 
Still  thirsting  for  knowledge,  of  which  as  yet  he  had  just 
tasted,  he  entered  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  Philadel- 
phia, as  a physician,  and  desirous  of  making  the  diseases  of 
women  a specialty,  at  a later  date  engaged  in  Allen’s 
Lying-in  Hospital  in  the  same  city.  In  that  institution 
many  vexatious  combinations  of  disease  were  brought  to  his 
notice,  and  all  his  mental  energies  aroused  to  minister  to 
their  relief.  Immediately  civil  war  burst  upon  the  country, 
he  volunteered  his  services  at  the  front,  but  owing  to  physi- 
cal disability  was  assigned  to  duty  in  one  of  the  United 
States  Army  Hospitals  in  Philadelphia.  Here  his  great 
skill  in  surgery  found  full  play,  and  many  of  the  brave  de- 
fenders of  liberty  remember  him  gratefully  for  the  saving 
of  life  and  limb.  He  continued  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  Philadelphia  for  two  years  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
standing  high  in  public  esteem  and  in  the  ranks  of  the  pro- 
fession. Attracted  by  the  wider  field  of  usefulness  in  the 
West,  he  removed  to  Chicago  in  1867,  and  after  the  great 
fire  in  that  city,  in  October,  1871,  made  a tour  through  the 
.South,  where  he  studied  the  diseases  peculiar  to  that  lati- 
tude, in  the  hospitals  of  Memphis,  New  Orleans,  Mobile, 
Galveston,  and  other  cities.  He  finally  settled,  in  1873,  in 
Toledo,  Ohio,  where  his  success  in  the  treatment  of  chronic 
dise.ases,  female  complaints,  nervous  debility,  neuralgia. 


CalaxyPub  & 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIGEDIA. 


655 


scrofula,  and  dyspepsia,  soon  brought  him  into  favorable 
notice,  which  has  been  succeeded  by  a large  practice  with 
its  attendant  benefits.  Being  determined  to  overcome  the 
disadvantages,  so  well  Pnown  by  the  profession,  he  is  about 
to  establish  a home  hospital  for  women,  where  they  can 
enjoy  all  the  comforts  of  a home,  and  at  the  same  time  be 
under  his  especial  care.  He  has  been  a member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  good  standing  since  1850.  He 
occupies  a high  social  position  in  society,  and  is  eminently 
a man  of  the  times,  who  conscientiously  fulfils  every  duty 
devolving  upon  him.  The  present  century  is  peculiarly  an 
age  of  progress  and  advancement.  Within  its  limits  the 
impassable  barriers  of  other  ages  have  passed  away,  and 
science  has  made  giant  strides.  In  no  department  has  there 
been  more  advancement  than  in  the  science  of  medicine. 
This  is  largely  due  to  the  special  researches  of  special  men. 
Taking  up  a particular  branch,  each  has  advanced  to  the 
front  rank  therein,  inventing  rare  and  valuable  appliances 
and  patent  remedies,  before  which  diseases,  long  thought 
incurable,  disappear.  Dr.  Wilford  is  entitled  to  rank  among 
these  representative  men.  His  deep  reading  and  earnest 
research  have  confined  him  to  the  channels  of  private  life, 
compelling  him  to  reject  many  flattering  offerings  of  public 
advancement  and  trust.  He  has  been  twice  married,  and 
is  the  father  of  four  children,  two  of  whom  survive. 


, E LAXO,  hlORTI.MER  FREDERICK,  D.D.S., 
and  Oculist,  was  born,  X^ovember  yth,  1820,  at 
Oak  Orchard,  Orleans  county.  New  York,  and  is 
a son  of  Doctor  .\ustin  and  Catharine  ( Almy)  De 
Lano,  being  of  English  and  French  descent.  He 
was  educated  at  Cayuga  Academy,  which  he  left 
at  thirteen  years  of  age  to  enter  the  Academy  at  Burton, 
Ohio;  thence  he  went  to  Ravenna  .Seminary  for  one  term, 
and  completed  his  studies  in  the  Yates  Academy,  New 
York.  While  at  this  latter  school  and  subsequently,  he 
learned  the  printer’s  trade  at  Penn  Yan,  remaining  there 
until  1837,  when  he  removed  to  Detroit,  and  worked  there 
in  a printing  office,  and  subsequently  became  an  attache  of 
the  United  States  Topographical  Engineer  Corps  for  a short 
time.  He  next  devoted  four  years  to  the  study  of  medicine 
and  dentistry,  and  finished  his  dental  education  in  Adrian, 
Michigan.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  dentistry  in  Maumee,  where  he  sojourned 
one  season,  and  travelled  for  three  or  four  years;  during 
this  entire  period  continuing  his  professional  pursuits.  He 
then  located  in  Sandusky,  where  he  remained  until  1868, 
and  established  an  extensive  practice  in  that  city,  and 
earned  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  leading  dentists 
in  the  State.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Toledo,  but  for  some 
years  gradually  withdrew  from  active  duties  on  account  of 
failing  health.  Since  1874,  however,  having  recovered,  he 
is  rapidly  regaining  his  old  reputation.  He  attributes  his 


great  success,  in  this  line,  to  his  close  application  to  his  pro- 
fessional avocation ; he  has  also  met  with  great  success  in 
those  operations  performed  as  an  oculist.  He  has  devoted 
many  years  to  scientific  questions  bearing  upon  navigation, 
and  the  result  of  which  is  his  invention  of  an  instrument 
termed  the  “ Longimeter,”  being  a new  method  of  deter- 
mining the  longitude  at  sea,  and  which  is  evidently  destined 
to  cause  a revolution  in  the  science  of  navigation.  It  has 
been  examined  carefully  and  critically  by  many  scientists, 
who  have  acknowledged  it  to  be  a success  in  every  respect. 
He  was  married,  1838,  to  Philena  N.  Anderson,  of  New 
York. 


AYES,  HON.  RUTHERFORD  B.,  Governor  of 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Delaware,  Ohio,  October  4th, 
1822.  He  is  the  son  of  Rutherford  and  Sophia 
(Birchard)  Hayes.  His  father  descended  from 
George  Hayes,  a Scotchman,  who  came  to  X’ew 
England  about  two  hundred  years  ago;  his 
mother  from  John  Birchard,  w'ho  settled  in  Connecticut 
about  1640.  After  a good  preliminary  education,  he  read 
law  with  Thomas  Sparrow',  of  Columbus;  entered  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  College,  an''  graduated  in  1845.  He 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Fremont,  Ohio,  but 
for  some  years  prior  to  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  was 
located  in  Cincinnati.  His  genial  manners  and  fine  capaci- 
ties as  a public  speaker  had  commended  him  to  popular 
favor,  and  in  the  responsible  official  positions  he  was  called 
upon  to  fill  he  enlarged  his  reputation  as  a law'yer,  and 
established  himself  in  the  confidence  both  of  the  profession 
and  of  his  increasing  numbers  of  clients.  At  the  first  call 
for  volunteers  in  1861,  lie  w'as  in  the  height  of  a successful 
practice.  He  proffered  his  services,  how'ever,  at  once,  and 
was  appointed  Major  of  the  23d  Ohio  Infantry,  June  yih, 
1861.  He  served  under  General  Rosecrans  in  West  Vir- 
ginia, during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1861,  and  for  a short 
time  W'as  Judge  Advocate  on  the  General’s  staff.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  November  4th, 
1861,  and  took  and  retained  command  of  the  23d  Regi- 
ment during  the  spring  campaign  in  West  Virginia,  and  the 
autumn  campaign  under  General  McClellan,  until  he  w’as 
disabled  at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  Colonel  of  the  79th  Ohio,  but  was  prevented  from 
joining  the  regiment  by  the  South  Mountain  wound  ; and 
on  October  15th  of  that  year  was  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  23d  Ohio.  December  25th,  1862,  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  ist  Brigade  of  the  Kanawha  Division,  and 
so  continued  until  Sheridan’s  victory  at  Winchester,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1S64,  when  he  took  command  of  this  Kanawha 
Division  and  led  it  through  the  remainder  of  the  active 
campaigning  in  that  year.  In  October,  1864,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Brigadier-General  “ for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices in  the  battles  of  Winchester,  Fisher’s  Hill,  and  Cedar 
Creek.”  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  was  given  command  of 


656 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


an  expedition  against  Lynchburg,  by  way  of  the  mountains 
of  West  Virginia,  and  was  engaged  in  preparations  for  that 
campaign  when  the  war  closed.  For  gallant  and  distin- 
guished services  during  the  campaign  of  1864,  he  was 
brevetted  Major-General.  Before  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Second  Cincinnati  Dis- 
trict by  a handsome  majority,  and  in  1866  w'as  re-elected. 
Although  a fine  speaker,  he  preferred  not  to  add  to  the 
multitude  of  words  which  in  Congress  so  often  darken 
counsel,  and  in  three  sessions  did  not  make  a single  elabor- 
ate speech.  His  action  was  uniformly  in  the  line  of  policy 
of  the  Republican  party  by  which  he  had  been  elected;  and 
his  fidelity  and  sound  judgment  were  greatly  relied  on  by 
his  fellow-members.  At  the  Republican  State  Convention 
in  1867,  he  was  nominated  by  a handsome  majority,  almost 
indeed  spontaneously,  for  the  Governorship  of  the  State,  to 
succeed  Governor  Cox.  He  thereupon  resigned  his  seat  in 
Congress,  and  entered  actively  upon  the  canvass.  The  con- 
test was  complicated  by  the  negro-suffrage  question,  the 
bond  question,  and  other  matters  which  loaded  down  the 
ticket  w'ith  an  uiqtopular  platform.  He  was,  however, 
elected  over  A.  G.  Thurman,  now  United  States  Senator, 
by  a majority  of  about  three  thousand;  and  was  all  the 
more  highly  esteemed  at  the  close  of  the  campaign  for  his 
handsome  bearing  throughout  it.  In  1869  he  w'as  renomi- 
nated for  Governor  without  opposition,  and  was  elected  by 
a very  large  majority  (7501)  over  the  Democratic  candidate, 
Hon.  George  H.  Pendleton.  At  the  close  of  his  second 
term  as  Governor,  he  resumed  his  private  business,  and 
continued  thus  engaged  until  summoned  again  liy  his  party 
as  its  leader  in  the  State  canvass  of  1875,  which  resulted  in 
his  election  to  the  office  of  Governor  for  a third  term.  He 
married  Lucy  B.  Webb. 

LEMM,  OTHO,  Auditor  of  Toledo,  was  born  in 
Stuttgart,  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  July,  1836;  was 
educated  in  the  Gymnasium,  and  lived  with  his 
j>arents  until  nearly  fourteen.  He  emigrated  with 
his  father  to  America  in  the  spring  of  1850.  His 
father  leaving  for  California,  he  was  placed  under 
the  charge  of  Joseph  S.  Lake,  a banker  in  W'all  street,  and 
remained  wdth  him  until  1S53,  when  he  went  to  Cleveland, 
(Jhio.  Having  strong  recommendations  to  the  President 
of  the  Canal  Bank  of  that  city,  he  obtained  a situation  as 
clerk  in  the  bank  until  its  failure  in  1854,  when  he  left  for 
Toledo.  In  that  city  he  engaged  with  E.  Haskell  as  clerk, 
in  the  Toledo  Insurance  Company.  After  Mr.  Haskell’s 
death  he  became  bookkeeper  to  W.  J.  Finlay  until  1859, 
when  he  joined  the  United  States  Express  Company.  In 
that  employ  he  remained  until  the  war  broke  out,  in  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  as  a private  in  Battery  B,  1st  Illinois 
Regiment  Light  Artiilery.  He  served  three  years,  and  w,as 
engaged  in  seventeen  battles,  among  them  Belmont,  Fort 
Henry,  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Chickasaw,  B.tyou, 


Arkansas  Post,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  Mission  Ridge.  He 
was  in  all  the  fights  through  Georgia,  and  was  sent  home 
from  Atlanta,  Georgia,  to  be  mustered  out.  Returning  to 
Toledo,  he  became  a partner  in  a retail  dry-goods  business. 
In  the  spring  of  1870  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  the  city  of 
Toledo,  and  has  held  the  position  to  the  present  time  (Jan- 
uary, 1876).  He  was  married,  December  18th,  1873,  to 
Bertha  Schaumbach. 


VaLL,  JOSEPH  LLOYD,  Bank-Lock  and  Safe 
Manufacturer,  was  born.  May  9th,  1823,  at  Salem, 
\IJ  I New  Jersey,  and  is  the  second  son  of  Edward 
and  Anna  (Lloyd)  Hall.  He  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  in  1832.  His 
educational  advantages  were  very  limited,  as  he 
began  to  earn  his  own  living  at  eight  years  of  age;  and 
although  his  early  tastes  inclined  him  to  mechanical  pur- 
suits, yet  circumstances  combined  to  prevent  their  gratifica- 
tion. In  1840  he  engaged  in  a steamboat  enterprise,  and 
continued  in  that  business  upon  the  Mississippi  river  and  its 
tributaries  until  1846,  wdien  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh  and 
formed  a copartnership  with  his  father,  under  the  firm-name 
of  E.  & J.  Hall,  and  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  fire- 
proof safes.  This  industry  was  undeveloped,  and  they  also 
found  such  strong  competition  from  the  wealthy  and  long- 
established  Eastern  houses  in  the  same  line,  that  they  deter- 
mined to  remove  to  Cincinnati,  which  they  carried  out  in 
1S48.  In  that  city  they  established  the  nucleus  of  the 
present  immense  manufactory,  and  both  father  and  son 
toiled  in  their  little  workshop  from  day  to  day  with  inde- 
fatigable patience  and  energy.  They  labored  assiduously 
to  educate  the  public  mind  to  a fuller  appreciation  of  the 
great  security  obtained  by  the  use  of  fire  and  burglar-proof 
safes,  and  stemming  the  current  of  opposition  with  a rare 
and  admirable  pertinacity  for  years,  they  finally  triumphed 
I'er  adverse  circumstances  and  stood  on  a firm  foundation. 
In  1851  his  father  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  business 
to  William  B.  Dodds,  and  the  firm  of  Hall,  Dodds  & Co. 
succeeded ; they  employed,  at  that  time,  a force  of  fifteen 
hands,  and  produced  about  two  safes  per  week.  This  firm 
was  dissolved  in  1857,  and  was  thereafter  followed  by 
others  in  succession,  in  all  of  which  Joseph  L.  Hall  was  the 
senior  partner  and  chief  executive.  The  Hall  Safe  and 
Lock  Company  was  organized  in  May,  1867,  of  which  he 
was  chosen  President  and  Treasurer,  and,  as  formerly,  still 
exercises  a rigid  surveillance  over  all  the  practical  operations 
of  the  works.  This  is  said  to  be  the  largest  safe  manufac- 
turing establishment  in  the  world,  and  is  probably  more 
than  four  times  as  large  as  any  similar  concern  in  the 
United  States.  It  employs  some  six  hundred  mechanics  of 
consummate  skill  and  experience,  and  has  a capacity  for 
turning  out  about  fifty  safes  each  working  day.  He  has 
devoted  his  mechanical  genius  to  the  perfection  of  the  arti- 
cles manufactured  by  the  company,  and  his  many  improve- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOP.-EDI A. 


6s7 


inents  attest  hi.s  aptness  and  fitness  for  the  task.  lie  is  the 
patentee  of  some  thirty  well-known  and  valuable  inventions 
in  hank  locks  and  safes.  He  has  built  some  of  the  largest 
safes  ever  constructed,  and,  without  exception,  they  have 
preserved  their  contents  intact  during  the  severest  tests. 
The  manner  in  which  his  five  hundred  safes  passed  the 
terrible  ordeal  at  the  great  fire  in  Chicago,  October,  1871, 
is  a sufficient  proof  of  their  reliability.  The  company  have 
branch  houses  in  every  important  city  in  the  Union,  and 
the  reputation  of  the  safes  and  locks  is  limited  only  by  the 
confines  of  civilization.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  late  civil 
war,  in  1861,  he  undertook  the  execution  of  a contract  to 
alter,  for  the  United  States  government,  within  thirty  days, 
five  thousand  Austrian  muskets,  and  performed  the  work 
so  satisfactorily  and  efficiently,  th.it  he  was  awarded  many 
other  contracts  during  the  war.  He  never  aspired  to  nor 
accepted  a public  office,  although  often  solicited  to  become 
a candidate.  He  has  been  for  many  years  an  active,  zeal- 
ous, and  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  is  at  present  one  of  the  most  liberal  supporters 
of  St.  Paul’s  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Cincinnati. 
.Such  is  the  record  of  a man  who,  by  dint  of  indomitable 
energy  and  native  genius,  won  his  way  to  a proud  and  en- 
viable position  in  the  business  and  social  world — a position 
which  his  generous  and  hospitable  nature  well  fits  him  to 
grace.  He  was  married,  in  early  manhood,  to  Sarah  Jane 
Jewell,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  and  this  union  has 
been  blessed  with  twelve  children,  three  sons  being  now 
associated  with  him,  all  of  whom  are  active  and  efficient 
business  men,  the  oldest,  Edward  C.  Hall,  having  filled  the 
position  of  Vice-President  of  the  company. 


ILSOX,  JAMES  LEIGHTOX,  M.  D.,  Physician, 
was  born  near  Greenfield,  Highland  county,  Ohio, 
Januaiy  5th,  1821,  and  is  the  third  of  twelve 
children  whose  parents  were  Adam  B.  and  Mar- 
gery (Dean)  Wilson.  His  father  was  born,  1790, 
in  Lincoln  county.  North  Carolina,  and  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation.  He  removed  to  Ohio  in  1814,  first 
locating  at  Chillicothe,  and  finally  settled,  in  1816,  in  Madi- 
son township.  Highland  county,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death,  in  November,  1857.  He  was  a soldier  during  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  for  a number  of  years  Magistrate  of 
Highland  county.  He  married  Margery,  daughter  of  Abra- 
ham Dean,  an  early  settler  in  Pike  county,  Ohio,  where  she 
w.os  born  in  1795.  James  attended  school  during  the  win- 
ter and  a.ssisted  his  father  in  farm-work  until  he  was  nine- 
teen years  old,  when  he  entered  the  Ohio  University  at 
.iVthens,  where  he  diligently  studied  for  two  years.  In  1842 
he  returned  home,  and  commenced  reading  medicine  under 
Drs.  Milton  and  Alexander  Dunlap,  of  Greenfield.  In  the 
Call  of  1843  went  to  Cincinnati  to  attend  the  lectures  at 
the  Ohio  MediCal  College,  returning  home  at  the  close  of 

83 


the  course.  After  remaining  in  the  office  there  one  year, 
he  commenced  practising  medicine  in  Champaign  county 
for  fifteen  months,  and  then  took  a second  course  in  the 
Ohio  Medical  College,  from  which  he  graduated  with  honoi 
in  the  spring  of  1848.  In  the  same  year  he  returned  tc 
Greenfield,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  where  he  has 
established  an  extensive  and  remunerative  practice.  He  is 
a frequent  contributor  to  the  medical  literature  of  the  day; 
and  the  essay  on  “ Scarlatina,”  published  among  the  trails, 
actions  of  the  State  Medical  Society  in  1S52,  evoked  con. 
siderable  attention.  He  is  a member  of  the  State  Medical 
Society,  and  also  of  the  Highland  County  Medical  Society. 
He  has  never  sought  nor  held  any  public  office  whatever. 
He  was  originally  a Whig,  but  is  now  affiliated  with  the 
Republican  party,  p'or  the  past  thirty-five  years  he  has 
been  a member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  1846,  to  Elizabeth  IL,  daughter  of  Hon.  Hugh 
Smart,  one  of  the  early  associate  judges  and  legislative 
representatives  of  Highland  county,  Ohio;  she  died  in  1S66, 
having  had  four  children.  He  was  married,  in  1 868,  to 
Margaret  J.  McClure  (whose  maiden-name  was  Margaret 
J.  Brown),  a native  of  Ross  county,  who  is  the  mother  of 
one  child. 


^ARL.'VN,  ROBERT  B.,  Lawyer  and  Soldier,  was 
born,  July  3tst,  1808,  in  Warren  county,  Ohio, 
and  is  the  seventh  of  ten  children,  whqse  parents 
were  George  and  Esther  (Eulan)  Harlan.  His 
father  was  a native  of  Chatham,  North  Carolina, 
of  remote  German  ancestry,  and  a Quaker  in 
religious  belief,  a farmer  by  occupation.  He  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1796,  locating  first  at  Columbia,  and  thence  pro- 
ceeded to  Deerfield,  Warren  county,  but  finally  settled,  in 
1797,  north  of  Lebanon,  Warren  county,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death,  December  21st,  1846.  He  filled  at  various 
times  the  offices  of  Sheriff,  County  Commissioner,  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  and  Associate  Judge  of  Common  Pleas;  he 
was  also  a representative  in  the  Legislature  for  one  term. 
His  wife  was  a native  of  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Ifulan,  an  early  pioneer  of  what  is  now 
Scott  county,  Kentucky,  settling  there  in  1787,  of  Hol- 
lander descent.  She  died  December  29th,  1858,  in  her 
eighty-first  year.  Robert  worked  on  a farm  until  he  was 
sixteen  years  old,  attending  the  winter  district  school.  In 
1828  he  settled  at  Wilmington,  Clinton  county,  where  he 
obtained  employment  in  the  County  Clerk’s  office  as  deputy, 
and  where  he  continued  eight  years,  reading  law  during  his 
leisure  hours.  In  1837,  having  passed  the  requisite  ex- 
amination, he  was  admitted  to  practise  at  Chillicothe,  and 
immediately  entered  upon  his  professional  duties  at  Wil- 
mington, where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and  where  he 
has  established  a lucrative  and  extensive  practice.  In 
1840-41  he  represented  Clinton  county  in  the  Legislature, 
and  again  in  1S50-51.  In  1852  he  was  elected  Judge  of 


658 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  Second  Judicial  District, 
and  held  that  office  for  one  term.  He  was  Captain,  Colonel 
and  Major-General  successively  of  the  Ohio  Militia  under 
the  old  laws.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  Captain  of  Com- 
pany B,  I2th  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  saw  service  in 
Ohio  and  Virginia.  He  is  a Republican  in  political  faith. 
Although  he  has  nearly  reached  the  limit  of  threescore  years 
and  ten,  his  mental  and  physical  powers  are  wonderfully 
preserved.  He  was  married  in  1838  to  Maria  D.,  daughter 
of  Isaiah  Morris,  a native  of  Clinton  county.  New  York,  hut 
a pioneer-settler  of  Clinton  county,  Ohio;  she  died  in  1843, 
having  had  three  children.  He  was  subsequently  uniled  to 
Caroline  E.,  daughter  of  George  L.  Hayworth,  of  Clinton 
county,  Ohio. 

T.ARLING,  LYNE,  son  of  William  and  Susanna 
(Lyne)  Starling,  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Boyd- 
town,  Virginia,  December  27th,  1784.  When 
quite  young  he  emigrated  with  his  father’s  family 
to  Kentucky,  and  in  the  year  1806  to  Franklintou, 
Ohio.  While  a youth  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
Clerk  of  court  at  P'rankfort,  Kentucky,  and  he  was  trained 
to  business  and  industrious  habits  by  a precise  and  method- 
ical master.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  State  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  and  District  Courts  of  the 
United  States,  and  also  of  the  Supreme  and  Common  Pleas 
Courts  of  P'ranklin  county.  After  holding  this  position  for 
some  years,  Mr.  Sullivant  furnished  him  means  and  entered 
into  partnership  wi:h  him  in  the  mercantile  business.  He 
became  a very  successful  merchant  and  enterprising  trader, 
being  the  first  one  who  ventured  cargoes  of  produce  down 
the  Scioto  and  thence  to  New  Orleans  in  decked  flatboats. 
He  was  a commissary  and  large  contractor  for  supplies  to 
the  northwestern  army  under  General  Harrison.  P'alling 
into  bad  health  he  travelled  extensively  both  in  this  country 
and  abroad.  Being  a man  of  quick  perceptions  and  a good 
observer  both  of  men  and  things,  he  gained  much  practical 
knowledge  and  was  greatly  improved  by  his  travels.  He 
finally  made  Columbus  his  permanent  place  of  residence, 
when  he  returned  to  take  charge  of  the  valuable  estate  of 
Mr.  Lucas  Sullivant.  He  was  one  of  the  original  proprie- 
tors of  Columbus,  the  central  portion  of  the  city  having  been 
laid  out  on  land  owned  by  him.  The  old  State  House  was 
built  by  a company  of  gentlemen  of  whom  Mr.  Starling  was 
one,  as  one  of  the  conditions  upon  which  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment was  located  at  the  “ high  banks  opposite  Franklinton  ” 
— now  Columbus.  Not  long  before  his  death  he  endowed  a 
medical  college,  which  bears  his  name — Starling  Medical 
College.  He  died  November  21st,  1848.  He  was  exten- 
sively known  among  the  first  men  of  this  country,  and  his 
opinions  were  held  in  high  estimation  by  the  great  men  of 
his  age.  He  had  a quick,  clear  perception,  a retentive 
memory,  a sound,  unerring  judgment.  Pie  possessed  the 
rare  faculty  of  annihilating  in  an  instant  the  space  between 


cause  and  effect.  It  was  this  peculiar,  intellectual  superior- 
ity which  rendered  his  efforts  in  business  so  uniformly  suc- 
cessful, and  which  enabled  him,  before  reaching  the  meridian 
of  life,  to  amass  one  of  the  largest  fortunes  which  have  been 
accumulated  in  the  West. 


TOUGH,  WILLL‘\M,  Insurance  Agent,  Justice  and 
Soldier,  was  born,  January  22d,  1821,  in  Franklin 
county,  Pennsylvania,  of  American  parentage  of 
German  descent.  He  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  when  quite  young  was  appren- 
ticed to  learn  the  cabinetmaker’s  trade,  in  Mans- 
field, Ohio.  Having  perfected  himself  in  this  calling  he 
entered  into  business  for  himself,  and  removed  to  Williams 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  also  followed  the  lumber  business 
in  connection  with  cabinetmaking.  After  a period  of  twelve 
years,  he  engaged  in  general  merchandise  in  Pulaski  and 
Bryan,  where  he  continued  for  five  years.  In  1861  he  en- 
tered the  army  as  Captain  of  Company  H,  38th  Regiment 
Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served  with  that  command  for  one 
year,  resigning  in  consequence  of  ill  health.  He  returned 
home,  where  he  remained  for  a year,  and  then  re-entered 
the  service  as  a Captain  in  the  qlh  Ohio  Cavalry.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major,  and 
fifteen  days  thereafter  again  promoted,  receiving  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel  for  efficient  .services,  and  held  that 
rank  at  the  close  of  the  war.  He  holds  a brevet  Colonel 
and  Brigadier-General’s  commission  for  meritorious  conduct, 
March  loth,  1865;  these  are  for  services  rendered  at  the 
surprise  of  Kilpatrick’s  command  by  Wade  Hampton  and 
Wheeler  at  Monroe  Cross  Roads,  near  Fayette,  North  Car- 
olina; and  in  the  “ History  of  the  Ninety-Second  Illinois 
Infantry  ” he  is  highly  complimented  for  the  efficient  ser- 
vices he  then  rendered.  He  was  honorably  discharged 
from  the  service  in  August,  1865,  and  returning  home  was 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  three  terms  in  succession, 
and  still  holds  that  office,  and  has  served  in  that  capacity 
altogether  for  six  terms  in  Williams  county.  In  1870  he 
was  chosen  Mayor  of  Bryan.  He  is  also  engaged  in  the 
insurance  business.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  Re- 
publican party  since  its  foundation.  He  was  married  in 
1840  to  .Sarah  A.  Redding,  of  Richland  county,  Ohio,  who 
died  in  September,  1864. 


ip.^OWESMITH,  JOHN  G.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Lon- 
don, England,  November  5th,  1817.  His  parents 
were  Edward  W.  and  Jane  (Armstrong)  Bowe- 
smith,  his  father  being  engaged  as  a banker  and 
broker  in  London.  After  a preparatory  course 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  he  en- 
tered in  1833  Edinburgh  L’niversity,  and  in  1838  graduated 
from  that  celebrated  institution  in  the  literary  as  well  as 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EN’CVCLOP.-EDIA. 


659 


medical  departments.  lie  immediately  entered  the  British 
army  as  Surgeon  in  the  Light  Brigade,  and  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  93d  Highlanders.  His  term  of  service  in 
the  army  extended  over  a period  of  eight  years  and  a half, 
during  which  time  he  served  with  ability  and  distinction  in 
Russia,  India  and  the  Crimean  war.  In  1861  he  came  to 
Quebec,  and  in  1868  he  located  in  Mansfield,  Ohio,  where 
he  has  since  resided  and  been  successfully  engaged  in  his 
profession.  His  long  service  in  India  peculiarly  fitted  him 
for  the  successful  treatment  of  cancers,  and,  though  engaged 
in  a general  practice  of  medicine,  most  of  his  time  is  occu- 
pied in  the  treatment  of  cancers  in  their  numerous  and 
various  forms.  In  this  specialty  he  has  acquired  much  skill, 
and  his  labors  therein  extend  over  a large  tract  of  country. 
He  has  established  offices  in  Crestline,  New  Haven,  Ohio, 
Mount  Vernon  and  Loudonville,  in  connection  with  that  at 
Mansfield  for  the  treatment  of  this  disease,  all  of  which 
places  he  attends  in  person  at  regular  intervals.  He  was 
married,  in  January,  1867,  to  Isabella  Sharp  Eadie,  of 
Scotch  descent. 


ULTM.-VN,  CORNELIUS,  was  born  two  miles  east 
of  Canton,  Ohio,  on  March  loth,  1827.  His 
parents  were  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Tawney)  Ault- 
man,  formerly  of  Pennsylvania.  Soon  after  the 
birth  of  Cornelius  they  settled  in  Uniontown, 
Stark  county,  and  in  the  course  of  a year  there- 
after the  father  died.  The  education  he  received  was  indeed 
a meagre  one,  consisting  in  all  of  about  eight  months  spent 
at  the  village  school.  M’hen  about  fourteen  years  of  age  he 
went  to  work  with  his  uncle  at  the  millwright  trade,  and 
after  a few  months  spent  in  this  avocation  he  returned  to  his 
mother,  who  had  married  John  Miller,  a farmer  living  at 
Greentown.  Soon  after  he  engaged  in  learning  to  manu- 
ficture  spinning-wheels  and  grain-cradles  in  Greentown. 
After  mastering  this  business  he  entered  the  machine-shop 
of  Wise  & Ball  in  the  spring  of  1845,  and  served  there  for 
about  two  years.  During  the  winter  of  1848-49  he  built  on 
his  own  account  five  Hussey  reapers,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1849  took  these  reapers  and  emigrated  to  Will  county,  Illi- 
nois, where,  in  connection  with  Michael  Dillman,  he  started 
a machine-shop.  Here  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1850, 
when  he  returned  to  Greentown,  Ohio,  and  purchased  the 
interest  of  Michael  Wise,  in  the  business  of  Wise  & Ball, 
whq  had  a machine-shop  at  that  place.  The  firm  at  this 
time  consisted  of  Michael  Wise,  Ephraim  Ball  and  Lewis 
Acker.  In  a short  time  Mr.  Aullman  also  secured  Acker’s 
interest  in  the  business,  and  subsequently  disposed  of  it  to 
I.ewis  Miller  and  George  Cook.  He  also  sold  one  half  of 
the  interest  he  had  bought  of  Wise  to  David  P'ouser.  The 
firm  now  became  Ball,  Aultman  & Co.,  and  immediately 
thereafter  enlarged  their  business,  and  in  the  winter  of 
1850-51  manufactured  twelve  reapers  and  six  threshers  (the 


1 


old  firm  having  built  but  six  threshers  the  previous  year). 
Seeing  the  necessity  and  great  advantage  of  being  on  the 
line  of  a railroad,  they  moved  their  works  in  the  fall  of  1851 
to  Canton,  Ohio,  and  there  erected  buildings,  in  which  dur- 
ing that  winter  they  turned  out  twenty-five  reapers.  At  this 
time  the  entire  capital  of  the  firm  was  but  four  thousand 
dollars ; but  the  citizens  of  Canton  feeling  much  interest  in 
the  success  of  their  establishment,  and  having  great  confi- 
dence in  the  ability  and  integrity  of  the  firm,  advanced,  at 
low  rates  of  interest,  in  order  to  allow  them  to  enlarge  their 
business,  eight  thousand  dollars,  securing  themselves  by 
accepting  a mortgage  on  the  buildings.  In  the  fall  of  1852 
Mr.  Aultman  purchased  Mr.  P'otiser’s  interest  in  the  busi- 
ness, and  subsequently  sold  the  same  to  Thomas  R.  Tonner. 
In  the  spring  of  1855,  just  as  the  company  were  in  a fair 
way  to  establish  a flourishing  business,  their  works,  with  the 
finished  and  unfinished  work  therein,  were  destroyed  by 
fire;  and  this  disaster  not  only  robbed  the  firm  of  their  all, 
but  left  them  about  eleven  thousand  dollars  in  debt.  But 
the  Cantonians  had  learnt  to  regard  this  concern  as  an  insti- 
tution of  their  own,  and  having  no  doubt  of  their  ability  to 
recover  from  their  misfortunes,  immediately  furnished  them 
with  several  thousand  dollars  in  money  with  which  to  re- 
sume operations.  They  now  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  Ball’s  Ohio  mower,  an  invention  of  Mr.  Ball,  and  a 
threshing  machine  known  as  the  “sweepstakes.”  In  the 
fall  of  1858  Mr.  Ball  withdrew,  and  the  firm  became  C. 
Aultman  & Co.  After  Mr.  Ball’s  retirement  the  new  firm 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  the  “ Buckeye  mower,”  an 
invention  of  their  own,  which  now  has  a world-wide  repu- 
tation. The  business  prospered  largely,  and  during  the  war 
the  sales  of  machines  were  exceedingly  extensive.  In  1863 
the  company,  desiring  to  still  further  enlarge  their  business, 
started  a branch  at  Akron,  Ohio,  which  concern  is  still  in 
operation  and  known  as  Aultman,  Miller  & Co.  In  1863 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Canton  was  organized  by  Mr. 
Aultman  and  others  ; and  he  has  acted  as  I’resident  since  its 
organization.  This  monetary  institution,  like  all  others 
with  which  he  is  connected,  enjoys  the  utmost  confidence 
of  the  community,  and  has  nobly  weathered  all  the  financial 
panics  that  have  visited  the  country  since  the  time  of  its 
opening.  In  1865  a stock  company  was  organized  out  of 
the  concern,  having  a capital  stock  of  one  million  of  dol- 
lars, which  is  all  taken,  and  they  have  the  power  to  increase 
the  same.  The  corporation  is  known  as  C.  Aultman  & Co. 
For  several  years  Mr.  Aultman  acted  as  general  manager 
and  Superintendent,  but  his  time  is  now  occupied  solely  in 
looking  after  the  various  and  valuable  patents  owned  by 
the  company;  and  it  is  but  justice  to  say  that  no  one  is 
better  authority  on  patents  in  the  mower  and  reaper  line. 
In  1867  he  .started  in  .Mansfield,  Ohio,  in  connection  with 
H.  H.  Taylor,  of  Chicago  (now  deceased),  an  e.stablishment 
for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  the  vibrator  threshing 
machine,  which  is  also  made  at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan 
— Mr.  .\ultman  having  a sixth  interest  in  the  establishment 


66o 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 


at  the  last-named  place.  lie  was  married  in  1S46  to  Eliza 
Wise,  of  Greentovvn,  Ohio,  who  died  in  February,  1866. 
In  the  fall  of  1869  he  was  married  to  his  present  wife,  nee 
Kate  Barron,  but  at  that  time  Mrs.  Reybold,  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

.ALT.,  IION.  JAMES,  Soldier,  Author,  Lawyer  and 
Jurist,  was  born,  August  19th,  1793,  in  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a son  of 
Jolin  Hall,  whose  father  was  a wealthy  Maryland 
jdanter.  His  mother  was  a daughter  of  Rev.  Dr. 
John  Ewing,  Provost  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  a celebrated  Presbyteiian  divine ; she  was  a 
woman  of  rare  intellectual  powers,  the  authoress  of  “ Con- 
versations on  the  Bible,”  which  was  widely  puljlished  in 
this  country  and  reprinted  in  London.  She  it  was  who  in- 
structed her  son  James,  whose  health  was  feeble  in  youth, 
and  was  not  sent  to  school  except  at  brief  intervals.  He 
became  thoroughly  versed  in  English  literature,  and  ob- 
tained a good  knowledge  of  Latin  and  French.  While  a 
youth  he  was  placed  in  a merchant’s  counting-house,  where  | 
he  remained  two  years.  The  war  of  1812  breaking  out,  he 
was  active  in  assisting  to  organize  the  Washington  (juards, 
his  name  heading  the  muster-roll.  The  captain  was  Condy 
Raguet,  and  went  into  service  at  W’ilmington,  Delaware, 
where  they  encamped  for  several  months.  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  he  was  commissioned  a Lieutenant  cif  the  2d 
Regiment  United  .States  Artillery,  commanded  by  Colonel 
Winfield  Scott,  and  garrisoning  Fort  Mifllin,  below  Phila- 
delphia. In  the  following  spring  he  marched  with  that 
command  to  the  Niagara  frontier,  and  joined  the  gallant 
army  of  Scott,  Brown  and  Ripley,  which  invaded  Canada 
and  fouglrt  the  brilliant  battles  of  Chippewa,  Niagara  and 
P'ort  Erie.  He  participated  in  all  these  engagements,  com- 
manding a separate  piece  at  Chippewa,  and  was  compli- 
mented for  good  conduct  in  the  fight.  At  the  battle  of 
Lundy’s  Lane  he  received  a musket  ball  in  his  left  arm, 
which  he  carried  to  his  grave.  After  peace  was  declared, 
in  1815,  he  was  retained  in  the  service,  and  was  selected 
subsequently  as  one  of  five  artillery  officers  to  accompany 
the  expedition  against  Algiers,  commanded  by  Commodore 
Decatur,  and  after  a five  months’  cruise  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean he  returned  home.  He  was  stationed  afterwards  at 
Newport,  Rhode  Island,  for  over  a year,  and  was  ortlcred, 
in  1817,  to  Pittsburgh,  on  ordnance  duty.  Here,  while 
still  in  the  service,  he  completed  his  law  studies — which 
had  been  interrupted  by  the  war — under  the  supervision  of 
Hon.  Walter  Forward,  and  on  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  in 
1818,  resigned  his  commission  of  Captain  in  the  army, 
having  been  promoted  to  that  rank.  He  had  already  been 
a contributor  to  several  journals,  esjrecially  to  the  Poit 
Folio,  a monthly  m.agazine  edited  by  his  brother,  John  E.  ' 
Hall,  and  published  by  another  brother,  Harrison  Hall,  in 
Philadelphia.  Early  in  1820  he  descended  the  Ohio  in  a : 


keel-boat,  and  wrote  a series  of  “ Letters  from  the  West,” 
which  were  published  originally  in  the  Port  Folio,  and  sub- 
sequently collated  into  a volume  and  republished  by  Col- 
burn, of  London,  in  1828.  He  reached  Shawneetown, 
Gallatin  county,  Illinois,  in  the  summer  of  the  same  year, 
where  he  took  up  his  residence  and  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  at  the  same  time  editing  the  Illinois 
Gazette,  published  there.  He  was  soon  after  appointed 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  circuit  composed  of  nine 
counties,  and  for  four  years  filled  that  position.  In  those 
early  days  it  was  the  custom  for  the  judge  and  other  court 
officers,  as  well  as  the  lawyers,  to  journey  together  from 
county  to  county  on  h.orseback,  their  numbers  insuring 
them  protection  ; in  the  course  of  their  journeys  they  en- 
countered the  usual  privations  of  a sparsely  settled  frontier 
country.  A new  judicial  system  being  established,  he  was 
elected  Judge  by  the  I.egislature,  and  was  on  the  bench 
two  years  when  the  law  was  repealed,  upon  a change  of 
political  party  power,  and  he  was  legislated  out  of  office. 
He  was,  however,  elected  State  Treasurer,  which  position 
he  held  four  years,  removing  to  Vandalia,  the  then  capital, 
and  where  for  a time  he  edited  the  Illinois  Intelligencer. 
During  all  this  peiiod  he  was  actively  employed  in  en- 
couraging the  settlement  of  the  .State  and  in  organizing 
social  institutions.  For  the  purpose-of  inviting  immigration 
he  corresponded  largely  with  distant  journals,  writing  de- 
scriptions of  the  country,  etc.  He  also  established  the 
Illinois  Magazine,  a monthly  periodical,  of  which  he  was  at 
once  editor,  publisher,  and  almost  the  only  contributor.  It 
was  dropped,  however,  in  two  years,  when  he  removed  to 
Cincinnati.  He  was  also  one  of  the  commissioners,  in 
1825,  to  revise  the  “Statutes  of  Illinois,”  and  performed  a 
large  share  of  the  work.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Cincin- 
nati he  established  the  Ilestejn  Monthly  Magazine,  and 
contributed  largely  to  its  pages.  In  1835  he  was  appointed 
Cashier  of  the  Commercial  Bank,  a large  moneyed  institu- 
tion, whose  charter  expired  in  1843,  and  which  he  wound 
up  as  agent  of  the  stockholders,  paying  them  a large  sur- 
plus. He  was  also  elected  Cashier  of  the  new  bank  of  the 
same  name,  with  a smaller  capital,  owned  by  a few  persons, 
himself  being  one,  and  almost  entirely  managed  by  him. 
He  afterwards  became  its  President,  and  so  continued  until 
his  death.  He  was  a voluminous  writer,  and  his  works 
number  many  volumes;  prominent  among  these  is  his 
“ History  and  Biography  of  the  North  American  Indians,’’ 
3 volumes,  folio,  with  120  colored  lithographic  portraits  of 
noted  Indians,  taken  from  life  under  the  direction  of  the 
War  Department  at  Washington.  The  work  was  published 
at  $120  a copy.  Not  only  was  he  an  elegant  writer  of 
prose,  but  he  is  the  author  of  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
lyrics  itt  the  English  language.  Not  only  is  his  verse  per- 
fect, l)Ut  there  runs  through  the  whole  of  his  poems  an  en- 
thusiastic glow  and  a tenderness  of  sentiment  rarely  united. 
He  was  twice  married:  first  to  Miss  Hosea,  and  afterwards 
to  Mary  L.,  sister  of  Ganz  Anderson,  General  Robert 


BIOGRAPHICAL  PIXCVCLOP.EDIA. 


66 1 


Anderson  and  Governor  Charles  Anderson,  all  children 
of  Major  C.  Anderson,  of  ihe  revolutionary  army.  Two 
daughters  survived  the  first  marriage,  Mrs.  Charles  F. 
Foote  and  Mrs.  William  J.  Whiteman.  By  his  second  wife 
he  was  the  father  of  William  A.,  J.  Harrison  (a  graduate 
of  West  Point),  Mrs.  Thomas  11.  Wright  and  Kate  L. 
Hall.  He  died  at  Loveland,  near  Cincinnati,  July  4th, 
1 868. 


^AYLOR,  SAMUEL  CHARLES,  D.  D.  S.,  Dentist, 
was  born,  July  30lh,  1835,  in  Dauphin  county, 
Pennsylvania,  of  American  parentage  and  of 
English  and  Hollander  descent.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Halifax  High  School,  in  his  native 
county,  and  studied  dentistry  with  Dr.  11.  H. 
Martin,  in  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  for  two  years^  He  then  attended  the  regular 
courses  of  lectures  in  the  Ohio  Dental  College,  Cincinnati, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1856.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  dentistry  in  Perry  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  resided  until  1859,  and  thence  removed  to  Monroe, 
Michigan,  where  he  abode  for  seven  years.  In  October, 
1866,  he  changed  his  residence  to  Toledo,  where  he  has 
ever  since  been  engaged  in  an  extensive  and  remunerative 
practice,  enjoying  the  heaviest  patronage  of  any  of  his  as- 
sociates in  that  city.  He  attributes  his  success  to  his  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  operative  dentistry.  He  is  a member 
of  the  State  Dental  and  American  Dental  Associations,  and 
also  of  other  similar  organizations.  He  is  warmly  attached 
to  the  Masonic  order,  being  a member  of  Toledo  Lodge, 
Xo.  144,  Fort  Meigs  Chapter,  Xo.  29,  and  Council  No.  33. 
He  was  married,  December  2d,  1862,  to  Angeline  Manning. 


"OWEN,  GENERAL  BENJAMIN  R.,  Soldier  and 
Banker,  was  born  August  15th,  1831,  and  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  Benjamin  S.  Cowen  (whose 
biographical  sketch  will  be  found  in  this  volume, 
as  also  that  of  his  brother,  D.  D.  T.  Cowen). 

He  received  an  Phiglish  and  classical  education 
at  “ Brook’s  Institute  ” and  another  school  of  similar  char- 
acter in  St.  Clairsville,  whither  his  father  had  removed  in 
1832;  and  this  was  supplemented  by  a practical  printer’s 
education  in  the  office  of  the  Belmont  Chronicle,  of  which 
journal  he  became  editor  and  sole  proprietor  when  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  He  also  studied  medicine,  but  never  prac- 
tised that  profession.  He  disposed  of  the  paper  in  1857 
and  removed  to  Bellaire,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits  until  i860,  meanwhile  having  served  as 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  Secretary  of 
State  of  Ohio.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted 
as  a jirivate  srddier  in  the  15th  Ohio.  After  serving  in 


various  important  offices  he  was  appointed  Adjutant  Gen- 
eral of  Ohio,  in  which  position  he  had  charge  of  organ- 
izing, equipping  and  forwarding  to  the  field  the  troops 
known  as  the  “Ohio  National  Guards;”  and  it  was  for 
“meritorious  services”  in  this  connection  that  he  received 
the  successive  appointments  of  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Brevet  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General,  to  date  from 
the  15th  of  March,  1S65.  Immediately  after  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Bellaire,  where  he  resumed  his  mer- 
cantile business;  and  thence,  shortly  afterwards,  removed 
to  Cincinnati  to  embark  in  the  grain  trade.  While  a resi- 
dent of  the  latter  city  he  was  appointed  Supervisor  of  In- 
ternal Revenue  for  the  Southern  District  of  Ohio.  In  1S73 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Department  of 
the  Interior,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  which  po- 
sition he  honorably  filled,  and  resigned,  without  the  least 
stigma  or  suspicion  resting  upon  his  good  name,  so  common 
in  these  scandal-mongering  days.  He  is  now  a resident  of 
Bellaire,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  banking  business.  He 
was  married  in  September,  1854,  to  Ellen  Thoburn,  of  Bel- 
mont county,  Ohio. 

■'^EOMAN,  COLONEL  SAMUEL  NYE,  Soldier 
and  Merchant,  was  born,  October  14th,  1828,  in 
Wayne  township,  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a 
son  of  Samuel  F.  and  Asenelh  (Nye)  Yeoman. 
His  father  was  of  English  descent,  a native  of 
Onondaga  county.  New  York,  where  also  his 
mother  was  born,  she  being  of  French  and  Irish  lineage. 
His  father  was  a merchant,  who  removed  to  Ohio  in  1814, 
at  first  locating  in  Knox  county,  and  finally  settling  in  Fay- 
ette county,  where  he  resided,  with  the  exception  of  two 
years  passed  in  Clarke  and  Warren  counties,  until  his 
death,  in  1858.  He  was  a soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  a 
son  of  James  Yeoman,  a revolutionary  soldier.  He  repre- 
sented Fayette  county  in  the  Legislature  for  one  term,  and 
was  a Justice  of  the  Peace  for  many  years.  .Samuel  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools.  When  twelve  years  old 
he  went  into  his  father’s  store  in  Washington,  Fayette 
county,  where  he  continued  eight  years.  In  Eebruaiy, 
1849,  he  went  to  California,  overland,  and  passed  two  years 
in  the  mines.  In  1851  he  returned  to  Washington,  pur- 
chased his  father’s  interests  in  his  store,  and  continued  the 
business  until  the  autumn  of  1853,  when  he  relinquished  it 
to  become  a dealer  in  lands,  which  latter  avocation  he  pur- 
sued until  1858,  when  he  again  became  a dry-goods  mer- 
chant in  Washington,  and  has  since  resided  in  that  town, 
where  he  has  prospered  wonderfully,  being  the  ]iroprietor 
of  one  of  the  largest  dry-goods  houses  in  southern  Ohio. 
During  the  early  months  of  the  civil  war  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Military  Committee  of  Fayette  County.  He  was 
commissioned  Major  of  the  90th  Ohio  Volunteers,  June 
14th,  1862,  and  recruited  four  hundred  men  for  that  com- 


I 


662 


BIOGRAPHICAL  E^XVCLOP.'LI)IA. 


mand  in  Fayette  county.  He  accompanied  the  regiment  to 
tlie  field  in  August  of  that  year,  and  during  their  service  of 
three  years  participated  willi  them  in  the  great  battles  of 
Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chattanooga  (siege  and  battle). 
Mission  Ridge,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro’,  Pulaski,  Spring  Hill, 
Franklin  and  Nashville,  besides  other  lesser  engagements 
and  skirmishes.  He  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel 
in  1863;  to  Colonel  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  and  was 
brevetted,  December  15th,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  under  the  eye  of  General 
George  H.  Thomas.  He  was  honorably  discharged  from 
the  service  in  June,  1865,  being  mustered  out  with  his  regi- 
ment at  Camp  Dennison,  and  soon  thereafter  returned  to 
Washington,  where  he  resumed  his  mercantile  pursuits, 
which  had  suffered  neglect  during  his  absence.  In  October, 
1868,  he  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Senate,  where  he  served 
two  years.  In  1873  ^e  was  again  elected  to  the  upper 
House  of  the  Legislature,  and  served  other  two  years.  In 
the  fall  of  1874  he  organized  the  Dayton  & Southeastern 
Railroad  Company,  and  also  the  Springfield,  Jackson  & 
Pomeroy  Railroad  Company,  and  has  been  President  of  the 
former  since  its  organization.  He  is  a Republican  in  politi- 
cal principle,  and  a Baptist  in  religious  belief.  He  was 
married  in  1852  to  Susan  M.,  daughter  of  Colonel  John 
Comley,  of  Perry  county,  Ohio 


FATTY,  GFORGF  STEWARD,  D.  D.  S.,  Den- 
tist, was  born,  September  30lh,  1813,  in  Penfield, 
Monroe  county,  and  is  a son  of  the  late  Benjamin 
and  Amy  Beatty,  both  Americans  and  of  Irish 
and  Hollander  descent.  He  was  educated  at 
Penfield  and  Victor,  New  York.  When  he  was 
about  thirteen  years  old  his  father  died,  and,  his  mother 
marrying  again,  he  went  to  live  with  an  aunt,  with  whom 
he  remained  until  he  was  twenty-two  years  old.  One  year 
afterwards  he  was  appointed  Constable  and  Deputy  Sheriff 
of  Chautauqua  county.  New  York,  which  positions  he  held 
for  two  ye.ars.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Buffalo,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  for  two  years,  and  in 
1840  he  went  to  Meadvillc,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  com- 
menced reading  medicine,  meanwhile  studying  dentistry. 
In  1S42  he  commenced  practising  the  latter  profession  in 
Meadville,  where  he  continued  for  two  years  thereafter, 
and  then  removed  to  Canton,  Stark  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
continued  his  professional  duties  for  some  time.  After  visit- 
ing other  towns  he  finally  settled  in  Toledo,  in  1865,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  and  where  he  takes  rank  as  a leading 
dentist.  He  attributes  his  success  to  his  close  application 
to  business  and  his  skill  in  mechanical  and  operative  den- 
tistry. He  is  a member  of  the  Masonic  order  in  good 
standing,  being  connected  with  a lodge  in  Canton.  His 
political  sentiments  were  originally  those  of  the  Whig  | 


parly;  but  since  the  demise  of  that  organization  he  is  at- 
tached to  Republican  principles.  He  was  married,  1S35, 
to  Charlotte  Whitney,  of  New  York  Slate. 


ILLIAMS,  PETER  THOMAS,  Directory  Pub- 
lisher, was  born,  May  2d,  1812,  in  Delhi  town- 
ship, Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  This  township 
adjoins  the  city  of  Cincinnati.  His  remote  an- 
cestors were  Welsh  people  of  respectability. 
Their  descendants  settled  in  Virginia,  and  were 
the  owners  of  plantations  there.  During  the  colonial 
troubles,  which  ended  with  the  Revolution,  they  were  true 
patriots,  and  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  democratic  gov- 
ernment. The  great-grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  were  cruelly  massacred  by  savages  during  the  old 
French  and  Indian  wars,  their  houses  and  barns  burned, 
and  their  eldest  son,  after  a prolonged  resi.-,tance,  wounded 
and  carried  into  captivity.  Bishop  Asbury,  in  his  “Journal,” 
gives  a lengthy  account  of  the  captivity  of  Richard  Wil- 
liams, and  in  the  recital  speaks  of  the  “ wonderful  deliver- 
ances ” and  “ extraordinary  combinations  of  providences” 
by  which  the  prisoner,  after  being  condemned  to  death,  even- 
tually escaped  and  was  restored  to  his  family.  The  bi.shop 
afterwards  visited  Richard  Williams  at  his  home,  and  in  his 
quaint  style  says  he  was  “ a faithful  man — his  wife  a pious 
woman,  and  they  had  meeting  at  the  house.”  The  Wil- 
liamses were  among  the  oldest  Methodist  families  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  their  house  was  not  only  a place  where  “ meet- 
ings ” were  held,  but  was  also  a resting-place  and  home  for 
the  pioneer  Methodist  preacher.  Peter  Williams,  father  of 
Peter  T.,  was  the  second  son  of  Richard.  He  intermarried 
with  Ann  Dugan,  daughter  of  Thomas  Dugan,  who  bore 
him  six  sons  and  one  daughter.  She  was  an  affectionate 
wife,  a kind  mother,  and  was  unobtrusively  charitable  and 
religious.  Soon  after  their  marriage  the  family  removed  to 
Ohio.  The  husband,  being  a second  son,  fell  heir  to  but 
little  of  his  father’s  estate,  the  law  of  inheritance  then  in 
vogue  in  Virginia  giving  all  the  real  estate  to  the  eldest 
male  issue.  He  started  in  life  as  a practical  surveyor,  and 
afterwards  became  a mail-contractor.  He  w'as  subsequently 
induced  by  the  government  to  go  to  the  then  “ far  West,” 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  mail  routes  and  post-offices 
in  the  new  country  being  opened  up  for  settlement.  He 
arrived  in  Ohio  in  1807,  and  immediately  entered  upon  his 
duties.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  served  the  govern- 
ment in  his  new  field  of  labor,  and  was  faithful  and  ener- 
getic in  the  discharge  of  his  important  duties.  His  income 
was  considerable,  and  his  savings  were  invested  in  real 
estate.  In  a few  years  he  became  one  of  the  largest  land- 
holders in  southern  Ohio.  He  died  in  the  sixty-seventh 
year  of  his  age,  but  lived  to  see  his  landed  estates  become 
very  valuable.  His  son,  Peter  T.,  has  recently  disposed 
of  a part  of  the  lands  descending  to  him,  to  a building 


BIOGRArHICAL  ENCVCLOP/BDIA. 


663 


association,  on  which  the  beautiful  suburban  village  of 
Mount  Peter  is  now  being  built.  His  house,  like  that  of 
his  father,  was  long  the  place  at  which  Methodist  meeting 
was  held,  and  so  continued  to  be  until  he  built  a church  in 
his  neighborhood  and  donated  it  to  trustees  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  for  the  use  of  his  fellow-worshippers.  Of 
his  children  only  three  now  survive,  viz.  : Squire  James  P., 
Crptain  William  L.  and  Peter  T.  The  two  former  are 
owners  of  large  farms  cut  out  of  the  old  Williams  estate, 
and  are  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  community  in  which 
they  reside.  Peter  T.  was  the  fifth  son.  lie  was  given 
such  education  as  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood  afforded. 
He  afterwards  attended  Talbott’s  Academy,  in  Cincinnati ; 
and  from  his  attendance  here,  and  the  instruction  he  received 
in  a class  taught  by  Professor  O.  M.  Mitchel  (afterwards  a 
distinguished  Ceneral  in  the  late  war),  he  acquired  a reason- 
ably  good  education.  PTom  his  sixteenth  to  his  twentieth 
year  he  was  in  the  office  of  Looker  & Reynolds,  publishers 
of  the  iVational  Republican,  the  leading  Democratic  journal 
of  Cincinnati.  While  here  he  learned  much  of  the  art  and 
mystery  of  printing.  About  this  time  his  health  failed,  and 
he  returned  to  his  father’s  house.  During  the  time  he  was 
an  invalid  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law.  Having  first 
read  “ Blackstone’s  Commentaries  ” and  other  text -books, 
he  entered  the  Cincinnati  Law  College  as  a student,  passed 
through  its  full  course  of  instruction,  and  was  regularly 
graduated  by  that  institution.  He  was  married  in  1844 
to  Kate  E.  Vincent,  only  daughter  of  Bartlet  C.  Vincent, 
of  Hamilton  county.  They  were  blessed  with  eight  chil- 
dren, six  of  whom,  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  are 
living.  The  mother  died  in  the  fall  of  1875,  deeply 
lamented  by  her  husband  and  children,  and  the  large 
circle  of  friends  to  whom  her  many  virtues  and  true  and 
generous  nature  had  endeared  her.  In  i860  he  began  his 
present  business  of  “ Directory”  publisher.  Owing  to  busi- 
ness arrangements  existing  between  himself  and  the  then 
publisher  of  the  “ Cincinnati  Directory,”  it  became  his  in- 
terest to  purchase  the  establishment.  .Since  then  he  has 
been  the  sole  proprietor,  and,  under  the  style  of  Williams  & 
Co.,  the  annual  publisher  of  the  “ Cincinnati  Directory.” 
He  entered  upon  his  new  work  with  great  energy,  and  with 
a determination  to  make  improvements,  and  more  especially 
to  perfect  a system  for  canvassing  large  cities  and  for  testing 
the  completeness  and  accuracy  of  the  information  obtained 
by  canvassers.  This  he  perseveringly  labored  at  until  a 
system  was  developed  by  which  the  important  object  sought 
has  been  attained  as  fully  as  it  is  possible  in  an  undertaking 
of  the  kind.  The  business  public  has  not  been  slow  to  recog- 
nize this  enterprise,  and  each  succeeding  edition  has  been 
rewarded  with  increased  circulation  and  patronage  from  the 
merchants  and  business  men  of  the  city.  The  routine  of  the 
office  goes  on  with  clock-like  regularity;  the  long  experience 
of  the  proprietor  in  the  business  and  the  fixed  rules  of  the 
office,  so  rigidly  and  persistently  enforced,  has  given  the 
house  a high  reputation  and  made  its  publications  standard 


•of  their  class.  The  large  foreign  element  in  the  population 
of  Cincinnati  presents  a formidable  obstruction  to  strict  ac- 
curacy in  the  orthography  of  names.  This,  however,  is  over- 
come by  the  publisher  by  employing  intelligent  men  of 
different  nationalities  as  canvassers.  The  “ Directory  ” of 
the  previous  year  is  never  used  as  a guide  for  the  preparation 
of  a succeeding  volume,  each  square  of  the  entire  city  being 
required  by  the  publisher  to  be  thoroughly  canvassed  an- 
nually to  obtain  the  information  contained  in  the  new  issue. 
Many  of  the  features  of  the  “ Cincinnati  Directory  ” are  en- 
tirely original  with  the  proprietor,  and  are  the  causes  of  the 
great  popularity  of  the  work.  To  collect  annually  the  in- 
formation and  perfect  and  prepare  the  copy  of  the  “ Cincin- 
nati Directory  ” for  the  press  is  an  undertaking  which 
requires  the  expenditure  of  a great  amount  of  labor  and 
capital.  During  the  time  of  the  annual  canvass  a force  of 
from  forty  to  fifty  canvassers  and  compilers  are  constantly 
employed.  The  following  is  a partial  list  of  the  directories 
published  by  Williams  & Co. : “ Cincinnati  Directory,”  1200 
to  1500  pages,  published  annually  ; the  “ Ohio  State  Direc- 
tory,” quarto,  bi-annually,  a most  complete  and  systematic 
work;  Columbus,  Dayton,  Hamilton,  Chillicothe,  Ports- 
mouth, Xenia,  in  Ohio  (at  intervals) ; Covington,  Newport, 
Lexington,  in  Kentucky  (at  intervals) ; Richmond,  Fort 
Wayne,  Evansville,  in  Indiana  (at  intervals) ; Wheeling,  West 
Virginia,  and  many  other  towns  of  more  or  less  importance. 
The  publisher  has  employed  hundreds  of  men,  and  done 
business  with  many  thousands,  and  yet,  during  all  his 
varied  experience  with  the  world,  he  has  never  entered  suit 
against  a delinquent,  neither  has  he  ever  been  sited  for  a 
debt.  Nor  has  he  ever  failed  to  meet  an  obligation  to  an 
employe,  or  suffered  his  note  to  go  to  protest.  This  has 
been  the  result  of  a strict  method  in  business,  albeit  nursed 
by  an  abhorrence  of  litigation.  He  has  ever  been  temperate 
in  his  habits,  and  as  a publisher  most  energetic  and  perse- 
vering in  the  discharge  of  duties  of  a most  difficult  and  per- 
jilexing  character. 


^/RYON,  HOSMER  CRAHAM,  Agriculturist,  Po- 
mologist,  and  h'ish  Cultivator,  was  born,  October 
27th,  1825,  in  Vernon  township,  Oneida  county. 
New  York,  and  is  the  second  son  of  Jesse  and 
Eunice  (Craham)  Tryon.  His  grandfather, 
Thomas  Tryon,  was  a native  of  Middletown,  Con- 
necticut, a soldier  of  the  revolutionary  war,  and  a prisoner 
of  war  to  the  British,  who  placed  him  in  confinement  in 
the  noted  “Sugar  House”  in  New  York  city,  and  in  the 
prison  ships  in  the  bay,  where  for  three  years  he  endured 
the  terrible  hardships  and  privations,  while  hundreds  of  his 
companions  perished  around  him.  About  1790  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  the  wilderness  of  Oneida  county.  New 
York,  where  he  died  in  1837,  aged  eighty-three  years.  In- 
vestigation shows  that  from  his  ancesti'y  have  sprung  the 
entire  stock  bearing  his  name  in  the  United  States.  Hos- 


664 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 


uier  was  brought  up  to  labor  011  the  farm,  and  had  but  few 
opportunities  for  acquiring  an  education,  his  father  being 
practically  opposed  to  it;  he  however  attended  for  a brief 
season  the  winter  school,  and  he  thirsted  for  knowledge. 
Determined  to  gain  a proper  education,  he  finally,  surrepti- 
tiously, left  home,  and  sought  the  counsel  of  Rev.  C.  S. 
Percival,  then  one  of  the  professors  of  the  Clinton  Liberal 
Institute,  who  advised  him,  that  if  he  was  determined  to 
leave  his  father,  he  would  render  him  what  assistance  he 
could  in  the  way  of  acquiring  an  education.  On  his  return 
home,  his  father  questioned  him  as  to  his  absence,  and 
finding  his  son  was  determined  to  obtain  his  wishes,  was 
obliged  to  allow  him  to  depart,  which  he  did  forthwith. 
He  soon  obtained  work,  whereby  he  accumulated  enough 
money  to  carry  him  through  the  institute  during  the  winter 
session,  and  to  board  himself.  Before  entering  the  school, 
however,  a reconciliation  was  effected  betw'een  his  parent 
and  himself,  the  former  offering  to  compromise  the  matter, 
but  the  son  refused.  Eor  the  three  following  years  he  led 
a varied  life,  alternately  laboring  and  studying,  and  then 
t -'aching.  He  was  induced  by  a companion  to  invest  his 
earnings  in  statistical  maps  and  charts,  and  unite  with  him 
in  a peddling  tour  to  the  South.  This  project  was  carried 
out  in  a light  wagon  drawn  by  one  horse,  in  which  they 
traversed  southern  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Indiana,  and  Illinois. 
At  the  return  of  spring  they  turned  to  the  eastward,  and 
after  a brief  stay  in  Ohio,  visited  Pittsburgh,  Harrisburg, 
B illinrore,  and  other  places  of  interest,  and  thence  returned 
to  Olean,  New  York,  after  being  absent  nine  months.  He 
then  accepted  his  father’s  offer  of  sixteen  dollars  w'ages  per 
month,  for  three  months’  labor  on  the  farm,  and  when  this 
contract  was  fulfilled  he  determined  to  purchase  a farm 
owned  by  his  father  in  Kirtland  towmship.  Lake  county, 
Ohio,  and  the  latter  having  accepted  his  proposition  he  re- 
moved thither,  in  November,  1847.  By  his  energy,  per- 
severance, and  industry,  he  has  evolved  from  the  wdlder- 
ness  a fine  farm,  a portion  of  which  is  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  choice  fruits.  He  has  also  paid  considerable 
attention  to  fish  culture,  and  has  demonstrated  the  fact  that 
the  brook-trout  may  be  successfully  grow'ir  in  the  spring 
waters  of  Ohio.  He  is  no  politician  in  the  common  accept- 
ation of  the  term,  but  he  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and  has 
been  identified  with  the  Free-Soil  party  since  its  inception. 
He  has  been  elected  to  various  positions  in  the  township, 
and  is  now  President  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Wil- 
loughby, and  a Trustee  of  Willoughby  College.  In  1873 
he  ran  as  an  independent  candidate  for  the  Legislature,  and 
w'as  elected ; notwithstanding  there  were  four  other  candi- 
dates for  the  position,  he  received  within  twenty-four  of 
half  the  entire  number  of  votes  cast.  In  1875 
nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  the  same  position,  and 
elected.  During  the  civil  war,  though  unable  to  enlist  in 
the  service,  he  took  an  active  part  in  sustaining  the  Union 
cause,  and  became  a Captain  of  “home  guards.”  On  the 
reorganization  of  the  militia  in  1863,  he  was  commissioned 


by  Governor  Tod,  First  Lieutenant  of  a company,  and  was 
afterward  appointed  Adjutant  of  the  regiment  by  Colonel 
Houliston.  He  is  an  earnest  friend  to  the  free-school  sys- 
tem, and  a believer  in  compulsory  education.  He  is  like- 
wise in  favor  of  protection  to  American  manufactures,  the 
temperance  movement,  civil  rights,  including  the  extension 
of  the  right  of  suffrage  to  women  ; and  that  capital  punish- 
ment should  be  abolished.  He  was  married,  September 
5th,  1850,  to  Irene  B.,  daughter  of  Horace  Dexter,  of 
Stockbridge,  Madison  county.  New  York,  and  is  the  father 
of  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 


I^/OBINSTIN,  ISAAC  IL,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Osna- 
burgh.  Stark  county,  Ohio,  June  28th,  1838.  His 
parents  came  from  Pennsylvania.  He  attended 
school  at  l.ouisville,  Ohio,  and  subsequently,  in 
1858,  went  to  Tiffin,  and  made  theology  his 
study.  Becoming  discouraged  in  this  pursuit, 
he  turned  his  attention  to  medicine  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  J.  D.  Wilson,  in  the  old  Allopathic  School  at 
Cleveland.  After  receiving  his  diploma,  he  commenced 
practice,  in  which  he  is  still  engaged  in  Cleveland  with 
marked  succe.ss.  He  has  travelled  over  the  greater  part  of 
twenty-three  States,  and  in  doing  so  has  spent  a fortune, 
trying  to  find  new'  fields  of  labor.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
United  States  service  under  Colonel  Piatt,  of  Cincinnati, 
for  three  months,  and  thereafter  for  three  years  under  Col- 
onel Samuel  Beatty,  of  Canton,  Ohio,  and  continued  in  the 
army  altogether  for  four  years,  serving  faithfully  as  Assistant 
Surgeon,  and  receiving  honorable  discharge.  At  the  time 
of  entering  the  army  he  w'as  a Democrat,  but  he  became  a 
sound  Republican  in  1863.  He  is  a member  of  the  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows  ; also  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 
In  1864  he  was  married  to  Jennie  Anderson,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Anderson,  of  Lima,  Allen  county,  Ohio. 


WAN,  HON.  JOSEPH  R.,  Lawyer  and  Judge, 
W'as  born  at  Westernville,  Oneida  county.  New 
York,  December  2Sth,  1802.  He  is  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry  (from  Londonderry),  the  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Sarah  (Rockwell)  Swan.  His 
father  w'as  a native  of  Peterborough,  New  York, 
and  his  mother  of  Groton,  Connecticut.  He  received  an 
academic  education  at  Aurora,  New  York,  and  commenced 
there  the  study  of  law,  which  he  completed  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  w’here  he  w'as  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1824.  He  at 
once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  beginning 
a career  w'hich  has  placed  him  among  Ohio’s  most  honored 
citizens.  He  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
1854.  In  1859  there  was  a strong  pressure  brought  to  bear 
upon  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  by  S.  P.  Chase,  then 


liKKlRAl’MICAL  EN('YCL()P.f:DIA. 


665 


tiovenior  of  Ohio,  and  his  ardent  followers,  to  obtain  a 
final  judgment  of  the  court  that  the  fugitive  slave  laws  were 
unconstitutional  and  void  in  Ohio,  and  the  enforcement  of 
them  might  and  should  be  resisted  by  the  State.  The 
court  consisted  of  five  judges,  two  of  whom  were  in  favor 
and  three  opposed  to  declaring  the  law  unconstitutional  and 
void.  If  there  had  been  a majority  of  the  bench  in  favor 
of  this  same  nullification,  no  doubt  the  subsequent  history 
of  Ohio  and  Governor  Chase  would  h.ave  assumed  quite  a 
different  aspect  in  the  future,  and  there  might  have  been  an 
abolition  rebellion  in  the  State.  The  closing  remarks  of 
Judge  Swan  (then  Chief  Justice),  in  delivering  the  opinion 
of  the  court  sustaining  the  fugitive  slave  laws  (9  Ohio  .State 
Reports),  indicates  how  his  personal  feelings  warred  with 
his  duties  as  a judge  : “.\s  a citizen  I would  not  deliber- 
ately violate  the  constitution  or  the  law  by  interference  with 
fugitives  from  service.  But  if  a weary,  frightened  slave 
should  appeal  to  me  to  protect  him  from  his  pursuers,  it  is 
possible  I might  momentarily  forget  my  allegiance  to  the 
law  and  constitution,  and  give  him  a covert  from  those  who 
were  upon  his  track.  There  are  no  doul)t  many  slave- 
holders who  would  thus  follow  the  impulses  of  human 
sympathy;  and  if  I did  it,  and  were  prosecuted,  condemned, 
and  imprisoned,  and  brought  iiy  my  counsel  before  this 
tribunal  on  a habeas  corpus,  and  were  there  permitted  to 
pronounce  judgment  in  my  own  case,  1 trust  I should  have 
the  moral  courage  to  say,  before  God  and  the  country,  as  I 
am  now  compelled  to  say,  under  the  solemn  duties  of  a 
judge,  bound  by  my  official  oath  to  sustain  the  supremacy 
of  the  constitution  and  the  law,  THE  PRiso.NftR  MUST  UE 
REMANDED.”  In  this  decision  the  distinctive  characteristic 
of  the  man  is  clearly  marked — his  great  conscientiousness. 
Neither  personal  interest  nor  sympathy  could  in  any  manner 
influence  his  judgment  of  right  or  law.  The  decision 
caused  his  defeat  for  the  renomination  to  the  Supreme 
Court  by  the  political  convention  which  assembled  in  Col- 
umbus the  day  after  it  was  delivered;  but  the  party  passion 
and  prejudice  of  the  hour  passed  away,  and  the  judgment 
of  the  bar  of  Ohio  sustained  his  interpretation  of  the  law. 
In  1862  Governor  Brough  appointed  him  to  the  vacancy  on 
the  Supreme  Bench  occasioned  by  the  death  of  Judge  Ghol- 
son,  but  he  declined  the  appointment.  The  same  position 
was  tendered  to  him  since  the  war,  but  he  could  not  be 
prevailed  upon  to  accept.  He  was  married  in  June,  1833, 
to  Hannah  Ann  Andrews,  of  Rochester,  New  York,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  J.  Andrews,  one  of  the  early  residents  of  that 
city  from  Derby,  Connecticut.  .Mrs.  Swan  died  .March 
8th,  1876.  .She  left  three  sons — two,  Frank  and  Andrew, 
residing  at  Joliet,  Illinois,  manufacturers;  Joseph  R.,  re- 
siding at  Utica,  New  York,  attorney;  Maryette,  married 
to  A.  C.  Neave,  residing  at  Clifton,  Ghio;  and  Ann  F., 
married  to  Major  R.  S.  Smith,  residing  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 
In  1859  Judge  Swan  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  and 
soon  after  became  connected  with  the  Columbus  & Xenia 
Railroad,  and  afterwards  as  the  General  Solicitor  of  the 
Sf 


Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  & St.  Louis  Railway  Company,  in 
which  capacity  he  is  still  engaged.  In  1835-36  “ Swan’s 
Treatise”  was  published,  which  has  since  pa.ssed  through 
nine  editions,  the  tenth  edition  in  1875;  i843>  “Guide  for 
F.xecutors  and  Administrators;”  1841,  “Swan’s  Revised 
Statutes;”  1854,  a revised  edition  of  the  statutes;  i860,  a 
revised  edition  of  the  statutes,  to  which  L.  J.  Critchfield 
anne.\cd  notes  of  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in 
1868  a supplement  to  the  edition  of  1S60  was  compiled  and 
published,  with  notes  of  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  by 
Milton  Sayler ; 1851,  “ .Swan’s  Pleading  and  Practice,”  two 
volumes  ; 1862-63,  “ Stvan’s  Pleading  and  Precedents  under 
the  Code.”  The  elementary  law  books  of  Judge  Swan  are 
remarkable  for  the  concise  and  clear  language  in  which  the 
propositions  of  law  are  stated.  They  have  been  accepted 
by  the  bar  of  Ohio  as  the  best  authority  upon  the  subjects 
of  which  they  treat.  “Swan’s  Treatise”  has  become  the 
indispensable  companion  of  every  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
State.  The  lawyer  who  cannot  base  his  arguments  upon 
the  authority  of  “Swan’s  Justices”  (as  the  book  is  famil- 
iarly called)  does  not  stand  much  chance  of  success  in  a 
justice’s  court  in  Ohio.  As  a jurist  Judge  Swan  stands  at 
the  head  of  his  profession.  None  of  the  decisions  of  the 
.Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  rendered  by  him  while  Chief- 
Justice,  have  ever  been  overruled.  He  has  never  been  a 
politician.  His  idea,  often  expressed  to  his  friends,  has 
always  been  that  “ office  should  seek  the  man,  and  not  man 
the  office.”  He  is  very  reticent  of  manner  and  of  a retiring 
disposition.  These  qualities  have  prevented  him  from 
forming  many  intimate  friends  outside  of  his  own  family; 
but  his  well-known  integrity,  and  his  scrupulous  and  con- 
scientious regard  for  truth  and  honesty,  have  caused  him  to 
be  highly  esteemed,  not  only  by  the  peojile  of  Columbus, 
where  he  resides,  but  he  is  greatly  honored  throughout  the 
State,  where  his  books  have  made  his  name  so  well  known. 


5 ^ ULLIVANT,  WILLIAM  STARLING,  A.  B., 
M.  A.,  LL.  I).,  eldest  son  of  Lucas  and  Sarah 
(.Starling)  .Sullivant,  the  leading  pioneer  in  that 
1 territory  which  afterward  became  Franklin  countv, 
Ohio,  was  born,  January  15th,  1803,  in  Franklin- 
ton,  a little  village  literally  in  the  midst  of  a 
wilderness,  when  the  present  site  of  Columlnis  was  covered 
with  the  primitive  forest.  I'rontier  life  and  its  sports  de- 
veloped in  him  remarkable  muscular  strength  and  activity, 
a fine  personal  ap])earance,  and  graceful  carriage.  He  ac- 
com]ianied  his  father  on  some  of  his  shorter  stirveying  ex- 
peditions, taking  thereon  the  lessons  which  tended  to  make 
liim  an  ex|)ert,  rapid  and  accurate  surveyor,  when  called 
upon,  after  a college  career,  to  attend  to  the  large  landed 
estate  of  the  family.  When  old  etiough  he  was  sent  to  a 
celebrated  jirivate  school  in  Jessamine  county,  Kentuckv. 

; On  the  opening  of  the  (Jhio  University,  he  became  a stude  nt 


666 


BIOGRAPHICAL  EACVCLOP.EDIA. 


under  Lindley  and  D.ina,  whence  he  went  to  Yale  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1823.  Ilis  father’s  death  then 
called  him  home,  and  family  affairs  took  him  from  studying 
a profession,  as  designed  by  his  father.  Desiring  active 
employment,  he  engaged  in  the  surveys  of  the  Ohio  Canal, 
and  manifested  an  aptitude  and  capacity  that  would  have 
won  him  high  position  as  a civil  engineer.  Returning  home, 
he  took  charge  of  the  mills  belonging  to  the  estate,  which, 
after  mastering  the  principles  involved  in  water-wheels, 
mill-gearing,  etc.,  he  remodelled  after  plans  of  his  own. 
Thenceforward  he  was  actively  engaged  in  business  affairs, 
and  became  a member  of  the  Ohio  Stage  Company,  whose 
operations  covered  a wide  field,  and  prior  to  railroads,  af- 
forded travellers  the  best  accommodations  and  facilities.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  stockholders  and  directors  of  the 
Clinton  Bank,  and  for  some  time  its  President.  Moving  to 
the  country,  he  occupied,  improved  and  adorned  the  present 
.site  of  the  Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum.  There  he  availed 
himself  of  unusual  facilities  for  studying  natural  history. 
After  devoting  some  time  to  ornithology  he  finally  settled  on 
bot.iny,  influenced  in  part  by  his  brother,  Joseph  Sullivant, 
who  had  already  made  some  progress  in  the  science,  and 
who  found  his  richest  fields  near  the  mansion  house  on 
Sullivant’s  Hill.  P'or  several  years  this  study  engrossed  his 
leisure ; the  first  result  was  a well-elaborated  catalogue  of 
the  plants  of  Franklin  county.  Having  thoroughly  exam- 
ined the  phenoganious  flora  of  Central  Ohio,  he  began 
studying  cryptogamic  botany,  or  rather  the  muscological 
part,  wherein  he  found  a rich  field,  made  many  new  dis- 
coveries, and  established  a world-wide  reputation  as  the  re- 
sult of  years  of  quiet  but  earnest  labor.  His  published 
works  are  an  honor  to  American  science,  and  a monument 
to  his  erudition.  Besides  many  papers  in  journals  of 
science  and  art,  he  published  “A  Catalogue  of  the  Plants  of 
P’ranklin  County;”  “ Musci  Alleghanienses ; ” “Contribu- 
tions to  the  Bryology  and  Hepaticology  of  North  America;  ” 
“ Mosses  and  Hepaticte  of  the  United  States,  east  of  the 
Mississippi  River;”  “ Mosses  and  Hepaticte  Collected  dur- 
ing Whipple’s  United  Slates  Government  Survey ; ” “ Mosses 
Brought  Home  by  Wilkes’  United  States  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion ; ” “Mosses  and  Hepaticas  Collected  in  the  United 
States  Union  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition,”  and  “ leones 
Muscorum.”  A second  volume  of  the  last-named  work,  left 
incomplete  by  his  death,  is  to  be  completed  by  his  friend 
and  for  many  years  co-worker,  Mr.  Lesquereux.  All  these 
works  were  finely  illustrated,  some  by  himself.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  trustees,  under  the  will  of  the  founder, 
of  Starling  Medical  College,  and  always  held  the  Presidency 
of  the  organization.  As  a member  of  the  American  National 
Academy  of  Science,  and  also  of  some  of  the  oldest  and 
most  learned  scientific  societies  of  Europe,  his  labors  are 
better  known  and  appreciated  abroad  than  at  his  home, 
where  he  has  lived  a quiet  and  unostentatious  life.  His 
works  are  of  standard  authority  and  highest  reputation  in 
Europe  and  the  United  States.  He  was  thrice  married — to 


Jane,  daughter  of  Alexander  K.  Marsluall,  of  Kentucky; 
Eliza  G.  Wheeler,  of  New  York  city,  and  Caroline  E. 
Sutton. 


.T) 


^/^ENYON,  HENRY,  Dentist,  was  born,  March  17th, 
1827,  in  Plarrison  county,  Ohio.  He  was  the 
(5^  \ youngest  of  nine  children,  seven  sons  and  two 
d daughters.  He  comes  of  old  English  stock.  His 

parents,  William  Kenyon  and  Marjory  Vondy, 
were  natives  of  the  Isle  of  Man.  One  of  his 
grandmothers  was  in  the  first  Methodist  class  formed  on  the 
Isle  of  Man,  and  listened  to  the  first  Methodist  minister  who 
preached  there.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
At  home  he  was  taught  the  useful  lessons  of  piety  and  in- 
dustry, beside  much  that  he  craved  but  could  not  find  in  the 
schools  of  that  day.  Leaving  school  he  taught  with  marked 
success  for  a number  of  years.  In  1854,  following  in  his 
father’s  footprints,  he  became  a minister  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  remaining  in  active  service  as  a member 
of  the  North  Ohio  Conference  until  failing  health  made 
some  cessation  of  labor  necessary.  He  was  accordingly 
located  in  the  fall  of  1857,  continuing  his  ministerial  stand- 
ing in  the  church,  but  not  a member  of  the  Conference. 
For  the  next  two  years  he  travelled  in  the  West,  without 
giving  his  attention  to  any  special  business.  In  i860  he  re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  began  the  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr. 
.Shaw,  at  Fremont.  Having  completed  his  studies,  he  lo- 
cated at  Maumee,  practising  his  profession  there  with  great 
success  until  he  determined,  in  September  of  1875,  to  move 
to  Toledo.  Here  a wider  and  better  field  was  open  to  him, 
and  he  was  not  slow  to  improve  his  opportunities.  An  affa- 
ble manner,  professional  learning,  and  a skilled  hand  soon 
secured  for  him  a practice  which  grows  with  the  years. 
Dr.  Kenyon  has  made^  a specialty  of  operative  dentistry,  in 
which  branch  he  has  been  peculiarly  successful.  He  was 
made  a Master  Mason  in  the  fall  of  1854  by  Richland 
Lodge,  No.  201,  where  he  retained  his  membership  until  he 
located  in  Maumee  City,  where  he  united  with  Northern 
Lights  Lodge,  No.  40.  He  was  married,  July  17th,  1854, 
to  Catharine  A.  Hietts,  of  Sandusky  county,  Ohio. 


OSTER,  CHARLES  W.,  was  born  in  Brookfield, 
Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  November  21st, 
1800.  His  father,  William  Foster,  was  also  a na- 
tive of  Massachusetts ; his  grandfather  held  a 
colonel’s  commission  in  the  revolutionary  army, 
and  w.as  at  .Saratoga  when  Burgoyne  surrendered. 
William  Foster  was  a farmer  and  stock  denier,  and  when 
Charles  was  eighteen  emigrated  to  New  York,  and  settled 
in  Genesee  county,  near  Rochester,  where  he  died  in  1829. 
Charles  received  a common  school  education,  and  for  some 
years  after  his  majority  was  engaged  in  boating  on  the  Erie 


BIOGRAPHICAL  liNCVCLOP.IHHA. 


667 


Canal.  On  June  7th,  1827,  he  married  Louisa  Crocker, 
daughie:  of  John  Crocker,  of  Cambridge,  New  \ ork,  and 
the  same  year  moved  with  his  father-in-law  to  Seneca  county, 
Ohio,  settling  first  in  London  township.  They  were  among 
the  first  settlers  in  that  region,  and  had  the  usual  e.xperience 
of  pioneers.  In  1832  they  entered  some  2CX30  acres  of 
land  in  an  adjoining  township  and  laid  out  the  town  of 
Rome,  and  soon  after  opened  a store.  In  1852  the  town 
was  consolidated  with  Risdon,  adjoining,  under  the  name 
of  Fostoria.  They  located  there  with  their  families,  built  a 
saw  mill  in  1834,  and  a grist  mill  in  1836,  making  that  point 
a centre,  and  soon  drawing  a large  trade  from  adjoining  set- 
tlements. The  business  house  then  established  with  a capi- 
tal of  $2000  h.as  continued  with  Mr.  F'oster  as  its  head,  and 
now  has  a capital  of  $75,000,  while  its  transactions  in  mer- 
chandise, grain,  pork,  etc.,  amount  to  more  than  $1,000,000 
annually.  This  remarkable  success  has  been  attained  by 
strict  adherence  to  the  principles  of  honorable  dealing  ; in 
all  this  long  period  he  has  never  been  a party  in  a contested 
lawsuit.  In  1846  his  oldest  son,  Charles  Foster,  was  taken 
into  the  concern,  and  in  1854  the  commodious  business 
block,  which  they  now  occupy,  was  built  on  the  original  site 
of  the  first  store.  In  1864  a banking  business  was  started 
in  connection  with  the  store  by  Poster  & Co.,  and  is  still  in 


, successful  operation  under  the  efficient  management  of  J.  E. 
Wilkison,  cashier.  To  Charles  W.  P'oster  and  his  son, 
Hon.  Charles  F'oster,  their  enterprise,  foresight,  and  gen- 
erous aid  to  all  progressive  movements,  is  the  recently  iso- 
lated inland  town  of  F'ostoria  indebted  for  its  present  position 
and  its  promise  of  continual  growth.  F'ew  would  have  per- 
severed undauntedly  for  forty  years  in  a struggle  that 
many  would  have  regarded  as  hopeless.  Indeed,  there  are 
few  instances  of  success  in  Ohio  as  marked  as  that  of  Mr. 
F'oster.  With  the  exception  of  R.  W.  Shawhan,  of  Tiffin, 
there  is  not  one  of  his  contemporaries  who  in  1832  was  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  and  is  still  pursuing  the  business. 

I Notwithstanding  his  very  active  life,  he  still  enjoys  vigorous 
health,  and  retains  to  a remarkalde  degree  that  cheerfulness 
and  joviality  for  which  he  has  always  been  noted.  Fie  has 
j had  six  children,  only  one  of  whom  is  now  living — Hon. 
Charles  Foster.  This  son  was 'born  near  Fostoria,  April 
I2th,  1828.  He  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and 
the  academy  at  Norwalk,  Ohio ; joined  his  father  in  mer- 
cantile and  banking  business,  as  above  related.  He  never 
held  any  public  office  until  elected  to  the  F'orty  second 
Congress.  His  services  in  that  body  deservedly  secured  him 
re-election  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth.  He  is  a 
Republican. 


INDEX 


V Achey,  John  H 

Acktey , Horace  A . . . . 

^ Adae,  Carl  F 

Adams,  John 

Aiken,  Samuel  C 

Alexander,  W.  H 

Allbritain,  R.  L 

Allen,  Charles  W 

Allen,  H.  R 

Alien,  John  W 

Allen,  Marston 

Allen,  William 

Allen,  W.  H 

Allison,  Richard 

Anderson,  Edwin 

Anderson,  T.  H 

Andre,  Henry  G - 

Andrews,  A. , Jr 

Andrews,  George  W.. 

Andrews,  Lorin 

Andrews,  S.  J 

Andrews,  W.  H 

Anthony,  Charles. .. . 

Anthony,  John 

Ap-Jones,  Ludlow.... 
Applegate,  John  W . . 

Armstrong,  E.  B 

Armstrong,  Frank  A. . 
Armstrong,  James  M.. 
Arrowsmith,  Miller... 

Arter,  David  A 

Ashburn,  Thomas  Q . 

Ashley,  James  M 

Aultman,  C 

Axtell,  M.  W 

Babbitt,  H.  S ■ - . 

Baber,  Idewellyn 

Backus,  F.  T 

Bacon,  H.  M 

Bacon,  N.  B 

Bailey,  Ezra 

Baker,  William 

Baldwin,  Dwight  H... 

Baldwin,  S.  W 

Ball,  Flamen 

Ball,  Flamen,  Jr 

Ballard,  John 

Ballenberg,  Louis . . . . < 

Banks,  J 

Barclay,  Joseph 

Barker,  Benajah 

liarnctt,  James 

Barrere,  Benjamin . . . , 

Barrere,  John  M 

Barrere,  Nelson 

Barrett,  Isaac  .M 

Barrows,  E.  P 

Bartholow,  R 

Barus,  Carl 

Bassett,  Edward  P.  .. 

Bayless,  F.  D 

Beach,  Allen  J 

Beatty,  G.  S 

Beatty,  John 

Bechmann,  Charles  V 

Beck,  John  C 

Beck,  William 

Beckett,  David 

Beckett,  William 

Beckwith,  S.  R 

Beecher,  L.  S 


41 

375 

503 

361 

281 

290 

622 

189 

637 

289 

37 

10 

20 

5^9 

61 

226 

121 

293 

59 

424 

345 

174 

42 
105. 
629 
472 

523 

569 

360 

610 

150 

207 

445 

659 

646 

308 

■ 275 

. 310 

363 

300 

■ 457 

. 229- 
67 

• 355 

• 99 
. 215 

• 359 
. 219 

• 371 
305 

• 515 

. 528 

• 344 

• 372 

. 482 
, 122 
. 178 
. 187 
' 537 
. 622 
. 264 

• 465 

. 662 
. 641 

• 572 
. 518 
. 129 
. 107 
. 106 

• 50 

• 475 


Bell,  John  E 

Bell,  William,  Jr. . . . 
Benckenstein,  Julius 

Bennett,  J.  H 

Bergen,  S.  H 

Bevis,  James  A 

Berry,  A 

Bevis,  Henry 

Biddle,  W.  P 

Bigelow,  Asa 

Bigelow,  Jabez  G. . . 

Bigelow,  Lorin 

Billings,  John  K . . . . 

Bingham,  E.  F 

Birchard,  Mathew.. 
Birchard,  Sardis. . . . 

Bishop,  L.  W 

Bishop,  Richard  M. 

Bishop,  W.  T 

Blackburn,  J.  M 

Blackman,  G.  C. .. . 

Blandy,  F. J.  L 

Blandy,  Henry 

Blennerhassett,  H . . 

Blockson , A.  P 

Bloss,  George  M.  D. 
Bodmann,  Charles. . 

Bodmann,  F 

^ohl,  Henry 

Bonner,  S 

'<Boos,  Mathias 

Bowen,  W.  M 

Bowers,  Lucius  A . . . 
Bowesmith,  J.  G. . . . 

Bjw'yer,  W.  A 

Boyce,  George  W . . . 
B )ynton,  W.  W.  . . . 
Bradbury,  Joseph. . . 

Bradford,  T.  C 

Bradstreet,  E.  P. . . . 
Brailey,  Moses  R... 
Bramble,  David  D.. 

'Brand,  Michael 

Brasher,  L.  L 

Brayton.  Robert. . . . 

Breed,  W.  J 

'Brinkerhoff,  Jacob.. 

I^rough,  John 

Brown,  A.  G 

Brown,  Benjamin... 

Brown,  H.  \V 

Brown,  James  F. . . . 
Brown,  Joshua  K . . . 

Brown,  L.  S 

Brown,  William  E.. 
Brown,  William  L. . . 
Brown,  William  P.. 
-Bruhl,  Gustavus-... 
Buchanan,  Robert.. 
BuchwaUer,  M.  L. . . 

Kuckland,  R.  P 

Bundy,  William 

Burdsal,  J.  S 

Hurgert,  Adam 

Hurgoyne,  John 

Burkhalier,  Sol 

'.Burkhardt,  A.  E.... 

Burnet,  Jacob 

Burns,  Andrew 

Burns,  Barnabas. . . . 

Burr,  Raymond 

Burt,  Andrew  G-  • • • 


161 

97 

98 
370 

500 

108 

■555 

171 

471 

445 

613 

251 

459 

144 

79 

592 

315 

37 

223 

470 

373 

184 

158 

172 
434 
601 
142 
142 
581 
630 

633 

456 

584 

658 

350 

J12 


299 

644 

290 

167 

412 

32 

211 

23 

597 
49 
140 
296 
121 
IT7 
429  I 

135 

203 

491 

31 

191 

134 

”3 

62 

605 

536 

562 

52 

289 

24 

531 

413 

420 

72 

599 

148 

55J 


Burton.  S.  H 

Bushnell,  E 

Butler,  G.  W 

Buiz,  Lawrence,  Jr.... 

Caldwell,  J.  D 

Caldwell,  W.  B 

Camnitz,  J.  W 

Campbell,  John 

Campbell,  Thomas. . . . 
Campbell,  Thomas  C. 
Caples,  Robert  C.'. .. . 
Cappellar,  William  S.. 

Card,  W.  W 

Carson,  Enoch  T 

Cary,  Samuel  F 

Case,  Leonard 

Case,  Oakley 

Casey,  James  B 

Castle,  M.  S 

Challen,  James  R 

Chambers,  R.  E 

Chase,  Harry 

Chase,  Philander 

Chase,  Salmon  P 

Chatfield,  W.  H 

Chidlaw,  Benjamin  W, 
Chipley,  William  S... 

Chisholm,  Henry 

Clark,  R.  W.,  Jr 

Clemons,  P.  H 

Clendenin,  William... 

Coale,  S.  C 

Coates,  Benjamin  F. . . 
Cochran,  William  R... 

Cogswell,  B.  S 

Colby,  Jonas 

Coldnam,  James 

Coleman,  David 

Collier,  O.  S 

Collier,  T.  W 

Collin,  Adam  G 

Collins,  Charles  H. . . . 

Collins,  Gilbert  G 

Collins,  James  H . . . . 

Collins,  John 

Collins,  R 

Collins,  W.  A 

Comley,  James  M . . . ; 
Comstock,  Theodore.. 

Conant,  George 

Conklin,  Samuel  A. . . . 

Conkling,  W,  M 

Conner,  P.  S 

Cooke,  Eleutheros. . . . 

Cooper,  Spencer 

Cooper,  William  C. . . . 

Cornell,  Joseph 

Corry,  William 

Corry,  William  M...., 

Corwin,  Thomas 

Coryell,  James  L 

Cotton,  John. ........ 

Cotton,  Josiah  D...., 

Cowen,  B.  R 

Cowen,  B.  S 

Cowen,  Daniel  D.  T. 

Cowles,  Henry 

Cox,  David  C 

Cox, Jacob  D 

Cozadd,  Frank  M. . . . 
Craig,  James  W 


154 

458 

633 

96 

130 

647 

537 

377 

562 

204 

604 

82 

358 

60 

585 

530 

78 

630 

30 

197 

514 

330 

229 

5 

38 

498 

465 

566 

22'5 

489 

601 

433 

606 

546 

61 
326 
306 
192 
632 

551 

79 
235 
572 
381 
484 

324 

262 

438 

51 

183 

150 

463 

553 

459 
465, 
495 

9^ 

102 

610 

32 

343 

75 

86 

661 

643 

no 

168 

371 

374 

640 

6<^ 


Crane,  Charles  A... 
Crane,  Joseph  G . . . . 
Crane,  Jo.seph  H.... 

Crees,  David 

Crook,  George 

Crosby,  George 

Crosse,  A.  A 

Cummings,  Samuel. 

Cunningham,  F 

Cunningham,  J.  S. . . 

Curtis,  Alvah 

Curtis,  Henry  B . . . . 
Custer,  George  A. . . 


Dale,  Benjamin  T 

Dalzell,  James  M 

Danford,  Lorenzo 

Daniels,  Thomas 

Davis,  Henry  H 

Davis,  Samuel 

Davis,  Simon  S 

Davis,  W.  E 

Day,  D.  W.  H 

Dean,  Ezra 

Dean,  Ezra  V 

vDeatrick,  John  F 

De  Camp,  Harvey. . . . , 

“vDelacourt,  L.  B 

Delamater,  John 

De  Lano,  M.  F 

Delano,  L.  G 

Denig,  George 

Denig,  John  M 

Dennison,  W 

Devereiix,  John  H.. .. 

Devore,  David  G 

Dewey,  Chauncey.... 

Diboil,  A.  C 

Dickey,  Alfred  S 

Dickinson,  Ed.  F 

Dickinson,  R 

.Dickman,  F.  J 

Dodd,  E.  S 

Dodds,  Ozro  J 

Doddsworth,  Thomas. 
Dodge,  Frederick  B... 

Donelson,  P.  S 

l)onham,  P.  J 

Donnally,  A 

.Dormann,  Frederick.. 

Dorsey,  G.  V 

Douglass,  Robert  L .. 

Doyle,  John  H 

Drake,  Daniel 

•Dresel,  Otto 

J)uhme,  Hermann.... 

Duncan,  James  N 

Dunlap,  Alexander. . . . 

Dunlap,  Milton 

Dunlavy,  Francis 

Dunn,  Andrew 

Dwyer,  Dennis 

Dyer,  Elbridge  G 


Earl,  W.  C 

-Eckel,  Hermann 

Eckert,  Michael 

Eckert,  'J  homas  F. . . 
Eggleston,  Benjamin. 

Khlcr,  Elias  A 

Ellis,  John  M 

Ellis,  S.  H 


669 


451 

60 

60 

485 

403 

31 

380 

136 

65 

220 

42 

236 

341 


115 

565 

137 

303 

481 

223 

333 

649 

627 

385 

353 

350 

43 

509 

462 

655 

430 

429 

429 

323 

535 

196 

617 

556 

284 

518 

504 

242 

307 

105 

477 

597 

254 


145 

HI 

50 

23* 

441 

443 

5* 

562 

126 


4*3 

487 

60 


*3* 

201 


270 

1*4 

506 

539 

77 

217 

226 

1*3 


INDEX. 


670 


Klmes,  Webster 409 

Kly,  Janies  S 423 

Knociis,  \V^.  H 339 

Kiiright,  M.  J 402 

Kpply,  John  54 

Kikel,  Henry 487 

Krkenbrecker,  A 538 

Krrett,  Isaac 89 

Kshelinan,  E.  B 464 

Este,  David  K 132 

Estep,  josiah  M 615 

ICvans,  E.  E 225 

Evans,  P2.  P 479 

Evans,  Nathan 463 

I'Nart, 'I’homas  W 224 

PAving,  Thomas. . . . 460 

Kyiar,  J.  W 356 

P'alconer,  Cyrus 87 

P aran,  James  J 550 

P'arcs,  Sebastian 492 

P'arquhar,  O.  C 209 

Pay,  Gilbert  (J 127 

Fearing,  B D 425 

Fearing,  Paul  448 

P'chrenbatch,  John 574 

Peiilon,  Roswell  H 61 

Ferrell,  Charles  B 582 

P'errie,  William  464 

-P'ieser,  P''red 177 

P'ife,  James 621 

Fillmore,  E.  E 249 

Firmin,  Lorenzo 604 

P'isher,  A.  W 334 

P’isher,  George 63 

P'isher,  John  C 193 

P'isher,  Samuel  W 55 

P'isher,  S.  S 635 

P'ltch,  John 376 

P'itzgerald,  James  W 547 

P'lowers,  J.  K '73 

P ollett,  John  P C“32 

P'oliett.  Martin  D 53 

P'oos,  Joseph 95 

P'oos,  \\  illiam 95 

P'ooie,  Horace  298 

^P'orbes,  Samuel  P'  477 

P'ord,  Joseph  D. ..  237 

'Furgey,  W.  S 333 

Foster,  Charles 667- 

P'ostcr,  Charles  W 666 

P'osier,  William  H 523 

Frazer,  Abner  L 431 

P'razier,  William  H 329 

P'rench.  James  J 346 

Frye,  William  C 94 

P uller,  John  W 294 

(iailoway,  John  S 49 

Galloway,  Samuel 327 

(iardner,  George  B 414 

Garfield,  J.  A ...  449 

Garlick,  Theodatus 614 

Garretson,  Joseph 570 

(/ar)*,  Daniel  B. 444 

Gales,  John 284 

Gales,  Nahum  B . 379 

Gegiian , John  J 524 

Gerard,  Clinton  W 68 

Gerke,  John 47 

Gibson,  C.  C 118 

Gibson,  Peter 87 

< hbson,  Thomas 292 

Giddings,  J.  R 508 

Gillmore,  Q.  A 515 

Gilmore,  James 45 

Gleason,  A.  W 488 

Glover,  E 642 

Cioddard,  Charles  B 569 

Goforth,  William 9 

Goldsmith,  Albert.  .* 251 

Good,  Jeremiah  H 596 

Goodale,  Lincoln 378 

(ioodenow,  John  M 48 

Goodman,  James  H 170 

Goodwin,  Homer 600 

(Gordon,  Thomas  W 192 

Gordon,  W.  J.  M 226 

Gowey,  John  F 71 

Graff,  Jacob 447 

Graham,  William  A iis 

Granger,  M.  M 586 


Granger,  V.  W 

• • • 347 

Hosbrook,  John  L 

Grannis,  John  C 

■ ■ ■ 339 

House,  Erwin 

...  561 

Grant,  U.  S 

247 

Howard,  D.  W.  H 

...  382 

(iriffin,  Charles 

• - • 379 

Howard,  William 

...  147 

Gi  itliih,  John  S 

...  479 

Howe,  Andrew  J 

...  1 12 

Ciriffith,  I'homas 

Hoyt,  ¥.  S 

. . . 442 

Griffith,  \V.  W 

...  300 

Hoyt,  James  i\l 

Huobard,  B 

...  380 

»Giimke,  P'rederick 

547 

...  469 

.Grossiiis,  John 

...  438 

Hubbell,  H.  N 

Grosvenor,  Charles  H.... 

. . . . 412 

Hudson,  john  H 

...  501 

Gwynne,  Eii  W 

...  ^67 

' Hulbert,  Hiram 

• 543 

Haag,  J,  M 

...  643 

, Hulick,  George  W 

Humphreys,  Joseph  B. . . 

...  231 
...  48 

Hague,  S.  M 

...  642 

H unt,  John  E 

H Li  n t , W . E 

. . 244 

Haley,  James  G 

• . • ■ 305 

Hall,  James  

Huntington,  H.  D 

Hall,  John  C 

Hall,  Joseph  B 

...  241 

Hurlbut,  H.  B 

• • • 332 

...  185 

Huston,  A.  M 

...  119 

Hall,  J.  L 

Huston,  James,  Jr 

. ..  491 

Hall,  L A 

...  613 

Hutchins,  P'rancis  E 

...  q6 

Halm,  M 

. . ..  247 

Hutchins,  R.  G 

...  178 

Ilalpin,  William  G 

■ • • 505 

Hutt,  Spence  A 

• - 457 

Halstead,  Murat 

Flainblin,  Emmett 

Hamilton,  John  A 

• • • 434 

...  463 

Ingalls,  M.  E 

■ 53 

Innis,  Gustavus  S 

...  563 

Hammond,  Jacob 

•••  595 

'•Irion,  John 

583 

Hand,  Sylvester  

Handy,  Truman  P 

. . . 496 
...  383 

Jackson,  H.  L 

Hanna,  James  J 

James,  E.  W 

Hanna,  John  E 

...  330 

Tannev.  John  J 

...  469 

Hannin,  Edward 

...  483 

Jannotta,  A 

. . . 241 

Harlan,  k.  B 

Johns,  Daniel  J 

• Harmeyer,  Henry 

Johnson,  P' 

Harmon,  John  B 

.. . 2s8 

Johnson,  John  T 

Johnson,  *N.  P 

Harper,  Rice 

.. . 488 

•••  333 

Harris,  Josiah 

Johnson,  Orange 

Harris,  Joseph  A 

Johnson,  William  P 

...  603 

Harris,  Leonard  A 

Johnson,  W.  W 

Harrison,  William  H 

••  • 331 

Johnston,  G.  VV.G 

...  295 

Harroun,  C.  H 

...  468 

Johnston,  John 

...  123 

Hart,  Alphonso 

Johnston,  Stephen 

...  486 

Hart,  Samuel 

..  . 86 

Johnston,  W.  S 

...  546 

Tlassaurek,  P'red 

...569 

Jones,  Aquila 

...  507 

Plathaway,  W.  E 

Jones,  George  W 

Hayes,  R,  H 

Jones,  Henry  M 

Haynes,  Daniel  A 

. ..  156 

Jones,  John  D 

...  117 

Hazen,  William  B 

■ 493 

Jones,  John  P 

Heart,  Joseph  E 

Jones,  M.  H 

Hedges,  Josiah 

...  638 

Jones,  S.  B 

.. . 157 

Hedrick,  Henry 

...  405 

Jones,  Wells  S 

• • • 541 

Heidelbach,  Philip 

• • • 439 

Jones,  William 

..  . 150 

Heilman,  John  H 

..  . 524 

Jones,  William  P' 

...  526 

Hellebush,  Clemens 

...  538 

lones,  William  W 

359 

Hemann,  Joseph  A 

••  • t75 

Judkins,  Jesse  P 

.. . 556 

Hempstead,  G.  S.  B 

■ • ■ 543 

Judkins,  William 

535 

Herrick,  Walt.  P’ 

..  504 

June,  David 

Herron,  John  W 

.. . 15 

Junkins,  M.  W 

.. . 487 

Hershiser,  W.  A 

...  207 

Hickenlooper,  Andrew. . . . 

. . . 41 

Keifer,  E.  G 

Hicks,  A.  W 

Keifer,  J.  Warren 

..  . 27 

Hicks,  r)avid 

. . . 476 

Kelly,  Moses 

• • . 549 

Hieit,  John  W 

...  578 

Kelly,  William  C 

..  . 450 

Higgins,  Thomas  W 

...  468 

Kennedy,  James  C 

...  138 

Plildrcth,  George  0 

.. . 69 

Kennedy,  VV.  L> 

...  648 

Hill,  Charles  W 

Kent,  JNIarvin 

Hiii;  Philip  w 

...  458 

Kenyon,  Henry 

...  666 

Hill,  \V.  1) 

••  • 565 

Kenton,  Simon 

Hill,  William  H 

••  • 53 

Kessler.  William 

...  608 

Hilliard,  Richard 

...  388 

Keys,  John  P' 

Hinksou,  Benjamin 

King,  Edward 

flinsdale,  Burke  A 

...  268 

King,  George  W 

Hitchcock,  Peter 

••  • 575 

King, John 

Hitchcock,  Peter,  Jr 

King,  Rufus 

Hodge,  John  O 

...  564 

King,  William  H 

..  . J91 

Ploffman,  Benjamin  P' 

••  • 347 

Kinney,  Jo.seph  N 

Hoftman,  Silas  W 

Hogan,  Patrick  J 

• • • 45 

Kinney,  P 

. . . io6 

Kinsey,  Joseph 

■ - - 63 

Hoge,  George  W 

Kinsman,  John 

. ..  15 

H<»ghland,  B.  V 

...  199 

Kirby,  Jacob 

•••  354 

Holbrook,  Alfred 

...  389 

Kirby,  Josiah 

Holden,  W.  H 

■ ■ • 397 

Kirby,  Moses  H 

•• • 354 

Holenshade,  J.  C.  C 

...  419 

Kirby,  Timothy 

..  . 124 

Holgate,  W.  G 

...  407 

Kirk,  Robert  C 

..  . 171 

Holland,  John 

. . . 529 

Kirtland,  Jared  P 

••  • 573 

Holloway,  E.  S 

Klemm,  Otho 

Holmes,  C.  C 

Klemm,  Theo 

Holmes,  P'nos 

...  405 

Klippart,  ).  H 

Holt,  P.  C 

• • • 303 

Knight,  Edward  H 

..  . 65 

Horr,  Charles  W 

• ■ • 36.3 

Knowles,  Samuel  S 

Horton,  Henry  V 

...  436 

Knox,  Samuel  

..  . 88 

Lakeman,  Joseph  F 160 

l.ane,  P.  P 101 

Lar.gdon,  O.  M 453 

Larimore,  Frank  C 204 

Lawrence,  Daniel 1^2 

Leavitt,  Samuel  K 456 

Leeds,  L.  B 179 

Leet,  Daniel  W 455 

Lewis,  Bushrod  H 532 

Lewis,  Chris b5 

Lewis,  Edward  C 548 

L’Hommedieu,  S.  S 519 

Ligowsky,  A 163 

Lilienthal,  Max 440 

Lingo,  Caleb 146 

Little,  James 432 

Locke,  D.  R 634 

Locke,  John 559 

Logan,  Thomas  A 179 

Long,  Alexander 344 

Long,  David 311 

Long,  John  M 510 

Longworih,  N 13 

Loomis,  B.  J 439 

Loomis,  Pinney  R 390 

Loomis,  William  B 72 

Lorimore,  Andrew  J 475 

Loth,  Moritz 73 

Lotze,  A 567 

Loudon,  De  Wilt  C 367 

Loudon,  James 252 

Lowry,  I'homas 633 

Luce,  Charles  L 339 

Luckey,  A.  W 589 

Ludlow,  Benjamin  C 629 

Ludlow,  Israel 628 

Ludlow,  Israel,  Jr 629 

Ludlow,  James  C 488 

Ludlow,  John 200 

Lungren,  Samuel  S 348 

Luse,  A.  B 135 

Lyon,  John 577 

Lytle,  W.  H 314 

Mace,  John  S 19 

Mack,  Henry 186 

Mackey,  John 617 

Macneale,  Neil 16 

Major,  Francis  W 250 

Maley,  Patrick  P' 623 

Malone,  Edward 522 

Mansfield,  Jared 534 

Marfield,  Samuel 648 

Markall,  Benjamin 319 

Marshall,  James  H 182 

Marshall,  John  G 464 

Martin,  Benjamin  P' 206 

Martin,  William  T 584 

Marx,  Guido 206 

Massie,  Nathaniel 266 

Mathews,  Joseph  McD 217 

IMalthews,  A.  G i 295 

Matthews,  Stanley 652 

Mays,  William  A 215 

M’Arthur,  L)uncan 481 

McBride,  James 495 

McClure,  James 125 

McCook,  Daniel 315 

McCook,  Robert  L 340 

McCrea,  C.  T 209 

McCuiie,  Robert 346 

McDowell,  Irvin 280 

McDowell,  Joseph  J 259 

McElroy,  Z.  C 221 

McP'arland,  William  H 109 

McGill,  Stewart 138 

McGrew,  Henry 206 

McGrew,  J.  Milton 414 

McKenny,  John  C 602 

McKinney,  John  F 558 

McKinney,  Samuel  S 50.7 

McLaughlin,  James  W 205 

McLean,  Daniel 639 

McLean,  John 512 

McMahon,  J.  A 149 

McMillan,  U.  G 430 

McPherson,  J.  B 286 

MeVey,  A.  H 383 

Mead,  Hiram 211 

Means,  Thomas  W 493 

Medary,  Samuel 560 

Meek,  William  M 357 


INDEX. 


671 


M^ekison,  D.  S 310 

-Mogriie,  E.  G 331 

R.  J 448 

Mclish,  Thoiiivis  J 21 

Mendenhall,  George 169 

M ’redkh,  L.  P 152 

Merion,  Nathaniel 409 

Miles,  R.  E.  J 120 

Miller,  John  ...  392 

Miller,  Samuel  A 526 

Miller,  Thomas  E 183 

Millikan,  William 582 

Millikin,  Minor 340 

Miner.  J.  L 355 

Mitchel,  O.  M 312 

Mitchell,  George 607 

Moerlein,  Christian 


Peck,  W illiam  L 393 

Peck.  William  V 618 

Pedretti , F 366 

Pendleton.  George  H 616 

Penn,  H.  L 626 

Penn,  Julius  A ... 146 

Perkins,  Jacob ...  403 

Perkins,  James  H 577 

Perkins,  John  ... 625 

Perkins,  Joseph 299 

Perry,  Nathan 399 

Phillips,  Thomas  H 172 

Philson,  John  R 199 

VPhister,  Jacob  362 

77“'‘Pike,  S.  N 654 

Policy,  P.  R. 372 


Pomerene,  Julius  C ...  2i8^-'Shellabarger,  Samuel 


Pond,  Arthur 645 


M ilony,  James ...  648 

M >nfort,  Henry  A 166 

iMooers,  Henry 586 

IMoore,  Cornelius 83 

Mjore,  David  H 404 

Moore,  Henry  D 166 

M^ore,  William  E 447 

M )ore,  William  T 153 

Morey,  A.  H. 402 

M irg  m,  George  W 216 

Morgan,  James 188 

Merrill,  Henry  A 67^''Pulte,  J >seph  H 

Morris,  Jonathan 640 

Marris,  Robert  D 446 

Morris,  Thomas 396 

Morrow,  Jeremiah 558 

Morse,  David  A 606 

^I>ses,  Halsey  H 599 

M )s!er,  Gustave ...  269 

Moulton,  Charles  W 28 

Moxley,  Nath.  K. 444 

Mullen,  Thomas. 223 

Mullen,  Thomas  J 208  “Raff,  George  W 621 


Munger,  William 605  -•Raffensberger,  H.  J 


Peck,  E.  D 345 /Schleich,  Newton 430 

Peck,  Hiram  D 527j/Schwab,  Mattliias 65 


Scott,  William.  498 

Scott,  William  H 265 

Scribner,  C.  H 232 

.Sciidder,  John  M 18 

/Seasongood,  Jacob 408 

/Seborn.  Fred.  A. 


Segur,  Daniel 473^ 

Sellew,  William 90 

'^Seltzer,  Van  S 71 

Seney,  J.  R 352 

Sessions,  F.  C 322 

Se.vton,  Joseph  A 196 

Shattuc,  W.  H 649 

Shawhan,  Rezin  W 576 

Sheffield,  William 306 

Sheldon,  B.  E ao8 


Poorman,  C.  L. 

Potter,  Emery  D 596 

Potter,  Ezra 417 

Price,  Reese  74 

Prichard,  George  A 96 

Pruden,  Andrew  J 20 

Pugh,  Achi  les 22 

Pugh,  J hn  M 188 

” 494 

Purcell,  John  B 7 

Purdy,  James 201 

Pursel,  Smith 52 

Pursell,  James 645 

Putnam,  John  H 542 

Putnam,  Rufus 410 


Quinn,  H.  S . • . 
Quinn,  John  J. 


649 


Murch,  Chauncey  M 93 

Murphy,  John 543 

Murray,  (3.  S 232 

Myers,  James  375 

Myers,  John  L 194 

Myers,  P.  V.  N 623 

Myers,  Samuel 600 

Nash,  Simeon 545 

Nauerth,  George  V’ 194  'Reemdin,  Charles  G 560 

Naylor.  John  E 173  Reid,  A.  M’C 255 

Neal,  Henry  S 365  ^ Reid,  Samuel  V 505 

Neff,  Benjamin  261  Reid,  Whitelaw 239 

Nelf,  Peter 107  [ Reinhard,  Jacob 189 

Neil,  W.  A 651  I Reis,  Julias 316 

Nelson,  Rich  ...  394  ' Rempel,  F'.  F 567 

Nelson,  T.  L 303  Resor,  William 370 


Ralston,  Joseph. 27S 

Randall,  D.  A 148 

Ranney,  R.  P 471 

Rawson,  Bass 620 

Rawson,  La  Quinio 590 

Read,  Abner 561 

Reakirt,  C.  C. 140 

Reamy,Thad.  A 255 

Reed,  William  P 492 


Nesbitt,  Benoni 510 

Newberry,  J.  S 511 

Newcomb.  A.  H 449 

Nich  jIs.  P.  j 376 

Noble,  David 301 

Noble,  Jackson  M 109 

Noble,  John 401 

Norris,  John  A 329 

Norris,  R.  D 612 

Noyes,  Ed.  F' 234  [ Rodgers,  Robert 

Rodgers,  W. 


Rice,  Harvey ...  395 

Richards,  R.  E 214 

Richardson,  W.  P 139 

Richmond,  John  M 172 


373 

133 

664 

II 

625 
622 
643 

Oakes,  F'rank  J 222  ' Rogers,  Isaiah  182 


Ridgway,  Joseph,  Jr. 

Ritter,  A.  C ... 

Robinstin,  Isaac  H . 

Robison,  J.  P.. 

Rodgers,  J.  H. 


■ Obermiller,  MinraJ 
O’Brien,  Patrick 
Oglevee,  John  F. 

Okey,  John  W. . 

Olds,  C.  N 

O’Neil,  William  J 467 

Orton,  Edward  495 

Owens,  Job  E 195 

Owens,  Whlliam 


619  I Rogers,  John  G 198 

4S4  Rogers,  William  G 16 


644 


Rolmer,  R.  C. 


Rombach,  Matthew 631 

Root,  W.  H 318 

'Rosecrans,  S.  H 542 

.-Rosecrans,  William  S 368 

Rowekamp,  F.  H 


Joseph  R 664 


74 


Stumps.  Joseph  C 575 

Sullivan,  John 'r 499 

Sullivant,  Joseph 485 

Sullivanc.  W.  S 665 

Sumner,  William 18 

Sutliff,  Milton 128 

Sutton,  W.  W. 406 


Shepherd,  Henry  A 94 

Shepherd,  William  W 532 

Sheridan,  Phil.  H 271 

• Sherman,  John 533 

‘Sherman,  W.  T 335 

Sherwo 'd,  Isaac  R 448 

Shields,  Robert  S 141 

Shinn,  Joseph  W 224 

•Shoemaker,  R.  M 641 

Shotwell,  George  H 282 

Sibley,  James  W 86 

*Siefert,  Joseph 480 

Sill,J.  W 3II 

Simpkinson,  John 14  i Thcis,  Charles 

Simpson,  Thomas  R 609 

Slevin,  P.  S 384 

Slone,  F'elix  G 618 

Smart,  C.  S 187 

Smead,  George  L 541 

Smedley,  Anderson 40 

Smith,  Benjamin 490 

Smith,  Charles 482 

Smith,  Charles  J.  W 514 

Smith,  Henry  A 21, -Thurman 

Smith,  Henry  W 557 

Smith,  James 154 

Smith,  James  M 83 

Smith,  Joseph  B 497 

Smith,  Richard 428 

Smith,  R.  F' 145 

Smith,  Samuel  M 400 

Smith,  Walter  H 361 

Smith,  William  F 23 

Smizer,  Wesley 98 

Snelbaker,  David  T 316 

Snelbaker,  T.  E 316 

'Sohn,  John  W 370 

Southard,  Milton  1 119 

Spalding,  Rufus  P. . . . , 319 

Spangler,  David 212 

Spangler,  E.  T 225 

Spence,  George 100 

Sproat,  Eben 177 

Stallo,  John  B 34 

Stanbery,  Henry 433 

Stanton,  E.  M 256 

Stanton,  W 637 

Starling,  Lyne 658 

St.  Clair,  Arthur 410 

Stedman,  VV'^illiam 265 

Steedman,  James  B 352 

Steel,  Samuel  264 

Steel,  Samuel  F'.^. 290 


177  '/Stephan,  A 635  v Vandeman,  John  L 


356  j Rowland,  Charles  W 11 

Royce,  D.  H 626 

Palm,  Jefferson 517;  Ruffin,  James  L 64 

Pape,  Ed.  VV ...  455  ' Ruggles,  Benjamin 220 

Parrott,  Edwin  A 392  Russ,  Ross  C 366 

I’arry,  Augustus  C 411  i Rust,  Richard  S 44 

Parsons,  Samuel  H 478  ' 

Parvin,  S.  H 19  Sargent,  Edwnr* 72 

Patterson,  John  F^ 70  Saunderson,  'F.  W 505 

Pattison.  John  M i53iSaur,  J.  C 310 

Payne,  Henry  B 283  I Scarborough,  William  W 599 

Pearce,  Fmoch 595^  Schaefer,  Louis 544 

Pearson,  J )seph 250  | Schenck,  lames  F' 58 

Peaslee,  John  H 398  ] Schenck,  William  C 59 


Stevens,  L.  E 141 

Stevenson,  R.  W 174 

Stewart,  G.  H 174 

Stewart,  Henry  C 424 

33  ,Stiebel,  Henry  G 522 

Stifel,  .Adam 17 

Stimson,  Rodney  M 66 

Stems,  William 29 


Swaney,  Joseph  A 317 

Swayne,  Wager 389 

Swift,  Isaac 525 

Swine,  John 478 

Symmes,  John  C 401 

Taft,  .Alphonso 26 

/T’aft,  Charles  P 178 

daft,  J 162 

Tage,  Wiliiam  H 468 

Tallmadge,  Darius 243 

Tarbell,  David 210 

Tarchet,  Moses 498 

Tatum,  Samuel  C 25 

Taylor,  Alexander  1) 417 

Taj  lor,  David  I)-. 221 

Taylor,  l^zra  B 62 

Taylor,  James 91 

Taylor,  Joseph  D 287 

Taylor,  J.  B 221 

Taylor,  S.  C 661 

d'emple,  John 467 

Thacker,  John  A 126 

Thayer,  Proctor  64 

Thcis,  Charles 531 

d'homas,  David  W 391 

d homas,  d'homas  F^ 397 

d'hompson,  James  H 554 

d'hompson,  John  L 85 

Thompson.  J.  G 358 

d'hompson,  M.  F 571 

Thomson,  Edward 483 

'I  horne,  W’illiain  F 143 

d'hornhill,  F’.  W 163 

342 

'riffin,  Edward 452 

d inker,  H envy  478 

linsley,  1 homas  R 534 

d'insley,  William 551 

Tod,  David 263 

d'od,  George 583 

' Torbert,  James  L 133 

- d'orbert,  James  L.,  Jr 146 

d'ownshend,  Norton  S 472 

dVainer,  J.  H.  S 306 

d'revitt,  Henry 151 

d'revitt,  John 137 

d’revitt,  \Vd.liam 158 

Trimble,  Allen. 390 

Trimble,  Joseph  McD 203 

d'rimble,  William  A 273 

d'rimble,  William  H 593 

True,  B.  C 22 

d'ryon,  H.  G 663 

d’upper,  Benjamin 170 

d’urney,  Owen  d' 578 

d'urrill,  M . S 102 

d'uule,  George  M i_,6 


Underwood,  A.  H 61 

Underwood,  J.  P 


Vallandigham,  C.  L 
Van,  John. 


532 

267 

227 

6u8 


Storer,  Bellamy 451  ^ Wagciihals,  P 


Storrs,  Charles  B. 
Stough,  William. 


14 


Straight,  Seymour 80 

Stratton,  W.  P.  ..  84 

Straub,  W.  F'  40 

Straiich,  Adolph 39 

Strihley,  (icorge 97 

Sirobridge,  Hines  51 

Strong,  Robert  O 48 

; Stroud,  C.  E 382 


658./Wahle,  Gustave  R 259 


Vattier,  J.  L 453 

Von  B mhorst.  C.  (» 583 

Voorhes,  R.  M 5., 7 

Waddcl,  d'homas 411 

Wade,  Ben.  F'  415 

Wade,  Jeptha  H 588 

Wade,  M.  S 307 


Waggoner,  M 


254 

480 


Waite,  M R 235 

Waientt,  Charles  C 260 

Walden.  John  M 435 

Wales,  C 1' 636 

Walkc,  Anthony 25 

Walker,  \V.  d' 321 

Wallace,  Henry  H 205 

Wallace,  William  I’ 466 


N 


672 


INDEX. 


Wallridge,  Horace  S. . 

Ward,  William  W 

Wardle,  Samuel 

Warner,  Sidney  L 

\ Wasson,  John  H .... 

N Weaver,  W.  L 

Webb,  John.  

Weber,  Gustav  C.  fc'-. 

Weddell  Peter  

Wedge,  Francis 

\ Wehrmann,  L.  F 

• Weidman,  John  C 

Godfrey 

^Weit/el,  Lewis 

Welch,  John 

Wells,  Jacob  M 

Wells.  J.  D 

Welsh,  Isaac 

West,  Joseph  H . . . . . 
Wheeler,  Benjamin  I). 
Wheeler,  Lyman 


281 

70 

199 

292 

486 

302 

624 

598 

563 

230 

190 


210 

386 

425 

76 


....  391 

476 

381 

....  587 

. . . 466 
502 


Wheeler,  S.  C 

Whipple,  Abraham.... 

White,  Alexander 

White,  Emerson  E.... 

White,  Joseph  W 

White,  Levi 

Whiting,  Auren  W. . . . 

Whitney,  Luther 

Whittaker,  James  T... 
Whittlesey,  Charles. . . 

Whittlesey,  Elisha 

WikotT.  Allen  T 

Wiiford,  James  B .... 

Wilkison,  David 

Willey,  George 

Willey,  John  W 

Williams,  Elkanah.... 

Williams,  James 

Williams,  Peter  T.... 

Williamson,  David 

Williamson,  Paul  H. . . 


625 

410 

175 

279 

187 

349 

151 

305 

349 


Willson,  H.  V 364 

Wilson,  (ieorge  W 548 

Wilson,  James  K. 139 

Wilson,  James  L 657 

Wilson,  John  G 609 

Wilson,  M.  F 137 

Wilson,  Peter  L 195 

Wilson,  William 555 

Winans,J.  J 497 


552  Winegurner,  David  C 392 


558 

411- 

654 

624 

378 

5i!7' 

35 

191 

662 

135 

34 


Winslow,  Rich 388 

Wise,  Isaac  M 309 

Wise,  James  S 238 

Wise,  Robert  W 240 

Witherspoon,  Orlando 550 

Witt,  Stillman 441 

Wittstein,  G.  C.  F ...  384 

^Wolf,  Andrew 651 

\Wolf,  Daniel 66 

vWolfe,  N.  B 45 

Wolff,  Charles  H 35 


Wood,  Oliver 

...  363 

Wood,  Reuben 

Wood,  Samuel  B 

Woodbridge,  T 

...  512 

Woods,  John 

Woods,  Joseph  T 

...  268 

Woodward,  Charles 

Woodward.  W.  H 

. . . 172 

Worthington,  Henry 

550 

Worthington,  James  M.... 

Worthington,  John 

Worthington,  'i'homas 

• ••  579 

Worthington.  Vachel 

Wright,  Robert 

Wright,  I hoinas 

...  518 

Yeatman,  Thomas  H. . . . . 

.. . 253 

Yeoman,  S.  B 

...  647 

Yeoman,  S.  N 

Young,  Samuel  M 

...  489 

Young,  William 

6' I 


THE  END. 


I 


9 


'iV'fl. 


f 


